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10 poagq tou. Trjv Ol,upnfaxo{ {ryereOeirind rrjv 6oo xa( qr,l"dvOgonn ngoorao(arot Ar,<ig r4v Oeotgotoav rd dq1or.<itego <itg [eq<5 xa( t6oo oeBcror6,t6orevd rotr dvayvtrlg(ercr,rd 6r,ncfropcvd npoltootcrei orq 6r,eloycrlyr] t6v dyc6vovxu( orllv dvrry,erc6nrori npoB),rlpdrrov 61"<5xl,4qou rotr 6l,l.qvr,xotr xdopou. M6 rri Opqgr,xdxa(, 'Hord6elcr "Enq 61oupexd,nora6rccpoqonohpq o"r,ig 0eixdEi6rdr4reEto0 Ar.dg. pcor,l,ldE O tdv 0edv nogouor,d[etor, dn6 torig"Opqpoxoi'Ho[o6o, 6xr6gdnti Ol,utr^rrurovfxqg, xa( 6E tn6nulg tflE fl0r.xflgrdEnE,oocp<ig, p6iigepropeyal"eioxo( 6l"rigrnr,cr 6(xoloE,ouver<ig, dtopal(o. )td nol,urdqcrla 1g6vro norj d,xol,ori0qocvtrjv xd0o6o tdv 'E]"]"d,6a, ydp<oord 1100n.X. d.n6 rfy llfv8o otti N<1rr,o Atrrg#<rrv, xar,6dg i,oroqr,x6E 6x6o16g eiol3dl]"ouv6.n6dp Airco],(ootriv 'HLefa gril.o p6cqlnyd t6v ?[u],o, rdv flydtrltdrvvdov ttor,oG oitol"oOolpuxd "HLr.6oE ^aa(yfuovtan, xcrrvtflg norl dvacp6g0qxe ngoqyoupdvolg retrlxd "Hl.r,6o9 xrigrortilE xa(xwr,etouv6rt rd grjl,a critd yup(ouv orindtpla grj tdv'Hqaxl,er66v>.Metti triv ntd or1totr trruxqvoixo0 66d91<6nt,orgo notrr,tr.opoO xa( p,er,6. r,(Eper,axwrioeqrdv 61,),qvr,x6v gril.crlvxa( r,iE ouyxgodoer,g'Hl,efotv yld xo( fft,oor6v tr]v xaroy(1rflgOl"upn(oE, oi, Ol,upnlaxo(AydveEncgcpel,f0r1xavxa(leyflotqxav.Merd t6v "Olul,o oi,i\6veE otfv Ol,uprn[a dnouoovvd yfvovral yrd nol.rlxalgd. An6 r,igcQX6E totr 8ou oi. n.X. rd [,eqdtflg'O].uprn(cE yvrop(er,peydl,r1dvdntuln. Oi,i\6veE dvo6r,opyovc6vovtq,r xu( 16 i,epd, nori fitov yfvercnl3cOpr,aio ouylqdvorExa( p"avr,txd, nove],].rjvr.o. Xrd lotogrxd dva6lopyavcotrjg rdlv dyc6vrov dvcrg6peror 6 tdv 1pt5vr,o Boor,l,r,dg 'Hl"sforv "Igrrog,dn6yovogro0 "Olu],ouxa({ o0tdv n},qord[oupe rrjv "Igurog, oriyf tflE lotopicEdcprlvovroE p00o. nfoo r<jv O ngoBl.4pctr,op6vog d.n6r,Qpeyril,eE xo,roorQog,tg, no{ nqoxa}"otroavl"or,pc66e r.g dqgc6orr.eE, xa( rc{g 6pgu},(ouE no}.dpouE lr]u1oe6"n616 provteiotdv 'H yr.d Ael,cpdv vd 6nrotg6r1.rer eiq{vrl. llu0fs oupBori},er1-re rdv XQnopd i "Igr,roxa(r,o{g'H},efoug vd dvoBr,r6oouv torigdO],qrr,xorig dydveEortjv Ol.uprniano( {tyav lelcorei yld xdtorcg yevr,dg, 6ncogd,vacpdgeral xu( o'6vo dn<jonaopoand trjv dcpriyqorl rot flauoovfa (V 45)y6. t{v dvaOr,ogydvroorl xo.(dvaxafur"oq rdv dyrfvcrtvotrjv O},upnfu.'H dvaxo,fvloqorirrj6gepexu(v,(,onveupo,tlx6 dOl,qtr,xd neqleldtrrevo. T6 6na0l.o0d Engene vd elvol6ll rll"r,x<5 dyc06,al,[d an6pr,rrog oregovi-
11 6 x6tlvoE 6ltog dvcAdgeto'txctd' t6v u)5, x6 dnl.6 xl"s6( tflg d'yprel,rftE, cn6xtqoav rcve],]'t1vtolcpcxttlgo ptrOo(eix. 1)."Etot oi Olupnr,d6eE 'Exe1er,p(s.'H l,6111npo6gletor xo,( r6r,t,6nr.pl.f04xe q Ol,utr"tnlcrxrl 66v nol.epdr,8Lo,xcjrutot[E 6l0golrgaEieE). O Oeopcig dn<5(6X<rr-1e(g: otrdE 6r,cpxotroexard r(y Otdqxer,atdlv dyrfvolv otrjv dplr] Svclprlva' fld tfv dngdoxontq t6leoq tdv dpydtega 6.n6 r6v 5o ci. tpeig LrnvEE. rintlg[cv oi xuq(rrlEi8gutdg xo( 6gyuv<rlr,6.9^r'6v ?\c6vtrrvtgeig Boor.l"eig 'Ol,upnr.axdtvAyc6vov:6 "IgttoE 6 Boor,Ierigtdlv'Hl"eiov, 6 Kl"eto06vqg dgllvopo06xnErTlE)ndgtqE' tdlv fl.ostdrv xqf 6 Auxotrpyog Bo.otl,r,dE ^t(y trsvr€rrlQtx{ tdl.eorl tdv dyc6vtovxai tflE Arlroi oupcptovotrvyfi (6n1..tri 6roxonrl 610ponpolr,6v),rro{ dnote}"eipfo iep&E6xeler,pioE 'H oupqtrrvio or}tf tflE Boor.x4ngotn60eoq ytd r{v cvdntuf( toug. 'Exe1er,g(oE (av xa( tflE tdv Ol.utrln 6pydv<oor1g lcgdlr,qxe xuxLwd o6 ldl.xuvo 6(oxo. Anotetroooecritdg 6 oioxog t6 nt6 dqlaio v'a( nt6 to0 lego0 xo( cpui'ooo6tov ot6v vod tilE "Hpog, cbg oeBdoplo xer,pfgl.r,o xs"(r6v 2o aL.p.X. (6noE negtlgdqel6 lauoav(og). Eile negdoer nol.riExclr,pdgxo'( fryav [eldoel nord dycrlviol.lotc yfvovtcv no).r.dtega."Etot,elqyeitcrr,xw,6r,6v p00o pdpar,c6rl yr,vdtov 6vo &0L4po ot{v dg1{, 6 otd6r.og6g6poE.M6 t6v xcrr,gdxdOecpopdnof Oupoflvtcvv,s(Eva6l,l,o &yrivr,opo,t6 ngoo60etovot6 np6ygappa. Oi vr,xqtdg r6v novel,l,4virrrv dyrivolv, bxt6g &nd tdv xdtt'vo 'Enfvr,xor,. M6 rd tr,potrvtuv xa( p"(.&l.l'eE6r,axgioer,g.Eivcr, xugfcoEoi Md touE' doucrta air6. not dnc0qvdtL[ov xclf 6r.olr6vrlav tr] 66[c r,6 6ov"ara oritd ouv{or,lov vd ouvobedouv oi, cpi}"ao},oltdv vr'xr1tr1, xa0c6Eorit6E npolropotroe np6g rorig BrrlporiErot oeot yrd vd }t0,rcliivs }€oet""16Bpol3eiorou xal xo,t' o,tt6v tdv tgdno, 6r,apopcpc6veral 'Enfvr,xoE. Torl5'Otrupnr,crxorlE \6veE rrQorovdo norqtr.x6 e16oE,6 or,ogydvrrloexan6 ndoa nroovdrqro f1 ndll flioa norj yer,tdveuepl6 'Ol"upnfa 'H -Hl.r,6u eile no6 6.n6,yet40 f"p. 6.x6 r,ilv rrlv Ol.upnfa. rbgxripr,opdl.qpu, toutrdlrotov ri55tdv 5o oi' n.X', t{v 6gydvtrloq tdv Ol,uplnro.xdvAyrfvov. It{v "H},r.6afitov td xrivtgo nori xotqrlouve r<56pyo totr [ego0 tilE O],upt(cE. Adv tnflg1e r'a\m6g negr,opropdgotri oupperoy(1rdlv d0l'4t6v o6 l.atp eut t"x'i1rcLet(1oroti g iol,upn r,cxoriEi\6veE''H Dlploxg at txrl vd dno6o0ei otdv 0gr1outrl rgdBl"erljq,od tdoo Jlprir,prlLxo|X(l,rrqdrret
I2 otrluxLlr6XoQo?(xneor6v i\6vrov. And6er,l4 e'LvoL 6116 vlxqrqE rilE npdrrlE Ol,uprud6oE"16776 n.X. firav 6 Hl"eiogKdgor.Bog, prdyer.pog ot<i 6adyyel.pra,vlxqrrlg ro0 povc6r,xotrdgl.{parog norl firav r6te 6 '192,28 otd8roE 8pdpoE(6pdpog= x,a( 66ooe r,6 6vop,6tou oliv St".) nprit4 Ol,upnld6c, nori dvopfiotqxe <Kogofl3logOl"upnr,d6o>.)dv oupBarr.x{ dpXf rrlE ngc6rrlEO},upar.d6aE r}no},oyi(etar 16 Erog 776 n.X. t+a( d.n6 r6rc ffg1r,ocrvoi Ol,upnr.cxofi\6veg orqv O],upnfo. Ol &p1cior. "El.l.r1veE pergotocv 16 1p<ivop"(.tQ 'Ol.upnr,d6e g xa( yl orlr<5ggdvrl[av f 6vcg[q tdlv Ayc6vrrlvvd yfvetcrr p(. ml oupr],r]goory reoodgrov 6rdv xa( yft "r,(ydxqftl tdl,eorj rouE. O'r.Ol,upnud6eEtflg dp1cr,<5rqrog rel,otvrav dbldxona bn( 1.200neg(nou €u1, rftg16 393 p.X., 6n<5rexcrogyr]Or1xavdnti tdv critoxgdropo ro0 Bufovrfou @eo6<jor,o A'. Oi Ol,upnr.cxofi\dlveg €ndDpaoovrtioo xa0op w"rw6. orrl (tll{ tdv cvOpr6ncDv, riiore dnordtreoav p6tpo lgovo}.dyr1oqE. 'H 'Ol.upnro,xdv Svcqh rdtv i\c6v<rrv 6gl[drov xar,6."r,fvZ\ i 3n ncvo6l.r'1vor6v 8o oel,qvr.ax6pr]vc tdv'Hl.efrrlv (nor.iovtr.otor,leTp6 'iorjl.r,ot<jv A{iyouoro) xaf 6lapxoOoov txn6r(11,211(i)g pdqa. tr.11611 Aglrxd oi i\6veE yfvovtov o(.trt"iu pdvo p6ga."Otav npoorrfOqxcvvric cyorvfopara peydl.olvexoi fl 6r.dpxelo rtlE 'Ol"upnr,d6ag. )rd n6qoopa rdv aic6vcrrvoi Ol.upnlri8eEnl"out([ovrav pd vdcrdyov(op,ana xa( ttot 16 Ol.upnr"ax6npdygappa neqr.dl,oBe 16 dyorv(opcra. Msrd 16 ord6r,o (eix. 2) eiodyovrol o 6fcul"oE fi 6t1o ord,6ro,,6 6<51,r,1oE, rd ndvra0l,o (eix. 3), t6 6.x6vtr,o,fl ndl"4, rl nuyprl, fl appoto8gop(a re0gfnncrlv,r<i nayxgd,to, f inno6popfc xaf &l"Lo nod xctapyrlOrlxcv (eilx.4). Kard r,(1 6r,dpxer,a rdv Ol.upnlcxdv ?\r6vrrlv e0grltareg dpprobldt4reg xa( iolri eilcv oi 'El"l.avo6fxeg.Itrlv aq1r1firav 6rio, petd 6c66exaxa( {iorego 6dxq xaf pnopotrocv vd dnox}.efoouvdnd torlEcydveEa0l,qr6Eyr.dnogcnrc6para.Td xugr,6reQonoeorrrc6parc norj tr,pcrrpoOoov frrov f1prj 6yxolq1 6qrEn, f dvunaxoil or,ig6vtol.6g, nagcpiao4 r6v xcrvdvrrrvrdlv dyc6vrrlvxa( 116oqo6oxfu. T6r,e 4 6n6Bal,l,cv peydl"eglqqprarlxdg nor,vdgtxn6 rd ng<iotr,pord;v 6noicr;v Bxnovrj0qxcvorrjv A),"nr,617 ydLxwa dydl,pcto to0 Al<iE,o[ yvcr;oroi <<Z6"veE>>, rdrv 6nofcrlvBgd0qxcvp6vo td pdOqa. 'Exeyer.giog M(, rllv Svaplq t\g &p1r[e q nqoorf]"euoq otriv
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23 tdlv orlylgovtov'OLuptnroxdv Ayc6vtrtv, otd04xe t ,UuXntflg dvcrBioroqE r6v trdyr,o Aqprltqr.o Br.xdl.a nod dxnpooc6nrloe r6v llcvel,l.rlvr,o 'Irrldvvrl lupvaotx6 )rll.l.oyo tflg AO{voE fnstta dn6 nclgd,x}"qoqto0 Qrrz ravot xa( r,6v 60vr,x6er3epy6trlfec6gylo Ap6p<rtg. 'O BopdvoE ll,6q vt6 Koupneqt6v yevv{O1xe o16 llagfor, t4v Ilporrolgovr,d totr 1863. )norj8uoe 6cpo,qpoop6v4nar,6ayroyr.xri. Mel.dr4oe nol"l,or.iEdglc(oug Aat(voug xci "El"l.qveE ouyygcgelE, xcl( fitav l"ritg4E tot dglcrfou Oarlpc(e dnepr.dgroro tdv Ol"utrrnr.opd d0l.qrlxot nvedpctoE. M6 Ba0ld aplcrio 6l.l.4vr,xr1nor,6l,l.r1vr,xotr 6s(a xaf nfuu1ot6 i6edr6eEtoO xl,oor,xoirdOl.4ttopotr,n6,ruyt r(y ovaBirooq tdlv Ol.upnrcx6v 7\c6volv xoi 6gegeri5Etd 16l"og6va t6oo OrjoxotroxaI onou6oio 6pyo. )t6 peyd],o dpgl06ctpo tlE )ogp6vvrlg o16 flcpfot or,Q L6'Iouv(ou 1894 ngoypoppdrr.oeouvribpr,oy6' r'(y 6novi6puoq r6v Ol.upnlo,xd)vi\t6vtrrv. O llavel"l.rlvroEfupvoot r,xdg )ril.)"oyog dxngooonrj0qxe otd ouv65gr,o d.n6 r6v "El,l.qvo l.dyr.o Aqpqrpro Brx6l.a. Xtd ouv66gto 6 Br.xril.aE6lel6y4 A' npdebpoEotri 'Enr,tponrj xa( rindBa}.et{v nqdtooq vd yivouv otrlv AleOv{ O}.upnr,cx{ 'Of,upnlcxoi r,6 1896.Xt6 ngdoolno totr A. Br,x6]"o6 A0rlva o[ ngdrrol Koupnegr6v d.n1xtqoeEvonol.tltryo ouvepydtq xc[ 9fl.o. O A. Br.x6],ag xa( npoorrlnlx6tqto p6 erlqeianveupotlx( firav nolqrr]E,ne(oygdcpoE xcr(xorvrr;vrxr]6pdon. fevvrjOrlxeotri )ripo, d)'l,d 0(qoeotd llag(or,6nou erieqydtqg,6papro,tlotriE 60vr.x6E 6rcrxpiOqxerirgl"oyot61vqg,cp[],c0].oE, 'Ol,uplnr,oxdv xa( npdtog ngde8goEtilE i\c6vtov rflE ovcBirrroqgtdv Ar,e0votrgOl"upnr,oxilE'Enr,tponflE.'Htavy6vog nal.r,dgoixoy6velcrg d.n6 dl 869olo, tdv Mnr,x6l.o,,nod 66gaoav otd fldvveva, t(y lldotrl ^aa(rilv Krovotcvtlvorinol.q. Td nveutrrctlxdtou 6gyo e'wat notrupegdg, notruorjvOero.Elvor rol,uypacpdro,xoEp6 nl"or.iototroyotelvttt6 6pyo, td yvtootd DgdtrrctctoO o'6trc o1e6<5v ne(oygocpfaxa(p,(,percrcpgdoerg 'Enfo4g Bf},uo0r1xrlrou>>. 61oupeot{v Kprlt4 tri <Br,xe}.c(cr )af[nr1g. 'H 6lelayoryrt tdv Ol.upnr,ox6v ?\r6volv 6dv fitov buvutrl yld 1.6d,nurto0vto'v600.000 youEoixovopr.xorig r,6r,e,ywn( yd v6.6r,elc1Oo0v 691. xaf 16 noo6 66v fltav 6uvat<jv vd ouyxevtptrl0ei'cn6 tr]v dl'}"r1 nl"eupd tnflp1e peydl.q 6nr,0upfctdv'El"l.rtvcr;vvd yivouv oi,i\6veg. O A. Brx6l"cgflrov anogoouopdvogv6. x&vet t6 tt60e d yd v6' nevJyet16 tou ngdEtr]v'Enr,tgonr] oxox6 "couxa( Eotgetpetd BdgoEtdrv Evegyerdlv
24 'Ol.upr(rov xof xl.rlpo8otqprdtrrlv r'otsZ6'nnu norl npofl8peue 6 tdv yfi' t{aot'4ttxd 06parinoupy6g )t. Agayorip'ai ruf otorlg &ppo6(oug 'Ex fdl"l'og Bag6vog vt6 rrago[trrll,ou fg.oou otrlv'El'l"d6o xa( 6 ta. tdlv \c6vrrlv' yrd t{ 6logydv<rlor1 Koupnegtr6vxa06g xaio A" Brx6)'ag p'€'c(y&qtEn xtdv 6l,l"qvr,x6Ttino ffg1r,oavvd 90d,vouvouylg6volg tndp t6v Ayc6vrrlv.xt{ 8ronripuEn norj rofl Brx6l"o,yevvcriegocopugE (0r1xcrvAfl po r" npof eveicr' dnqri 0uve t1f ewp rxr]'En r'tponri dvtonoxg povdbegdn'6l'o tdv 16po tilE Ba)'xavlxflg povootrlgr,c,oxQortcDrtxdE neqr,oltig.Oi, ouvotrtr,to( zu( ]\vcto}'r,xi1EMeooyeiou xcr( d,n6paxgeg n6polyr,dtorlEAydlveg[err6pcrocvtdnoo6t6v1.500'0006px.'.Et'ol" 6yLvavxa ( ou trrnl'q g rrrpatlx6Exo'tcroxeudg' 'Hto,v rrpdrq cpogd nori 6gyo'vcovdtav o6 no'yxdopt'o 6nfne6o f1 'E}'}'d6o lco( dv6}'crBov t{ dOl.ltrx{ 6n6riltooA or{v peydl.rl picr ytd 6trcr td (r1tr1pcrro" 8r,ogydvtrlorl6m.tu16g xcr( ppriOqxcv l'rioer'g pri 6lrr'tpon6gorip'cpcrrvcr KotagtioOnrou orin dgpi ei6r'x6gd0l'qtr'xdg xo'( tqeiE clxdpq yr'd trlv 16 npdypcptio rRE )uv66ou tdlv flcrgto(olv norj dnaolol'otroov triv A04vct' crvtrpetrin,,orlei6r,xdlvrrgopl'rlpdrolv, 'El'l'{vtrlv d0Lr1t6v' &gt0p6' cpr'}'o6q),. tr]v rilo8olrl, rrQoexoryooic lev(cr[6vtovEnrcxentdrv,xoto]'dpatoncrftt]orivto'l4xavovLopdv 6extdv6.n6rftXd)QeEnori0douppeteilcrvotor'igdydrveE"En(o4E etingentoprot tfr g n6l'r1E 6l.oxl,np60rlxav oi, €aycrofegxcrOcgr'opotr' ougeotig,orlpo'to' yriqrr,voug xa( 6loxooprlorixe 16 )td6r,o p6 orlpaieg, otr'lv A0rivct 'Elrivtc neginou l.l,r,dbegtiv0prrlnot ouyxevtpr604xcrv
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25 fiod xoopo0v xsi &l,l,ov xotrl,r,te1vdlv, Aqprltprdbq,And,ptq, @r,l.r.nnritq 64ptbrlpdor.ouE lcbgougxs( i6rotttxdgoul,l,oydg.i\vt(otoryfdf r,dl,oyeE pouorx4' odl ougyiegncgcrtqgotrvto,tt6oo orri l"oyotelvia 6oo xa( )16 Kal.Lr.pdgpcgoflova0qvaix6 )td,6r.o(eix' 9) 6yrvov ol ngotot' 'Otrupnr,oxof ?\6veE xo,i ly,av odv vd tr6prefi Al"tlg tilg Ar,e0veig A0fvog. Eivat 6 tdnoE noi xrun6" f1 xcgSr,d ttlg'E)"l,d6ag, yt"ur( Exit Elvar,6va orippol.o, p[a paptupfct ouyxevtgc6vovro,tdlor. oi,"El,l.r1veg. 'cilgoylorlEpetc[ri no].tttopot xaf dO].qtr,opotxa( €vc6ver, td orjpepa o16."c6)'r1tot4ou cri.n.X. p€ r,o y}€g.T6 flcvaorlvcixd )td6uo v"r,fu,cqxe 6.n6 r,6v Ao4vaio g(toga Auxotpyo, pcront{ tot ll}'dtrrlva xoi to0 'Iooxpdtq (390-324n.X.) yrd vd y(verf1peycl,ritegqyroqtri tfig A0rlvag' rd peydl,o flavcorivor,c. Aplr,xd fitcv cpuor,x{xor,}"drr1tootr]v fieQtotd 1ri rotr'Il,root. Metd, td 6r,dgopcXopoxouQYlxd6gyo nod 6ylvav, pri dvotxtri tf B6gelc n]'eugd )td6lo eile o1[pa rago]"].4]"6YQol.ttro eriprlpota, Aru6 6ntyqacpriE, npdg t6v'Il.ro6, 6nou fitav xof f1eiiooOog. tf yvog(loupe p"er'a\li 1869-1896, np6teg dvaoxog6Etot Ernst Ziller poag{ totr )to,6[ou. Td )td6to 6cpefter, triv 6vopcoio, tou ot6 pflxog rofl dyrovuotr.xot1c6gouaod dvtrotor,lei od Evo otd6r,o (pdtpo prlxoug tot A6prcvot rorj L(qoe Ig2,28p. otrlv dglcr.6rqta).'Err( tilg 6no1i1E 6 prltogog xo( oogrotrlg'Hpc66qgt6v 2o oi. pr.X.,Lx"t6gtdv ffl'l'trlv Spyrrrvlgrlparoodrqoe xa( fljv dvaxa"cuoxeurl rotr flavooqva'ixott )ra6fou, to0 lolpdtr,vou tiig r6r,e, st"6Lx\t.j|tr'6nevtetrlxd pdqpcgo xaf 6nioqEovdl,ape6nf o,0toxpdtopo Abgr,ovootig oarrdvegyr'd trlv nopxil xa( torjE dyoveg tdlv peydl,orv flcrvaorlvo [cov.X glo r'ponolrloqx e povopal(egxa( dnforlS yr,d,BdqBapo dycoviopcto,,SnolEOqgr.opc1feE, (6to oritoxpdtopa 04qlopclfo 6ni Abpr.cvotr 6gyovr604xednd t6v pd 1.000Oqg(o.Katd trl Ogayxoxgctia nl0svdv t6 )rd'6to vd Xqny6. xovxoQoxxunt]po,to'fld vd yfver'6ptrlgq peyd]"rl oryonor,rlOqx,e d,0l.qtr,xfdvap(trloqtdv'Ol.upnraxdv \c6vrrlv otrlv Aofva otft25 'Ol.upnr"ax6)td6to' O peydl'og Moptiou dnpene vd. elvor.Etorpo t6 otrlv &p1t1 Xoeqy6Ef. AB6qo9 ii fec6pyr,ogArly6poE 6rorE l,ey6rav npdogepe r,6 noo6 tdlv 585'000lpuodv 8galpdlv cilEngritq 8olged ntr(pn dvapappdgrrrorl tot xa( dv6l,aBeol.6xl.4p4 trl 6ondvrl yt'6'r'^i1v flcvcr0qvaixot )ta6(ou nl"rlpc6vovtcglevvol<56rrrgc920'0006p1' yr'd 16 t6l.er,od,notdl,eopa.'Htaleic dvaxctooxeuri tot flcva0lva'ixot
26 )ta6(ou frtcrv 6gyo tnr,x6, 6xl,pri10qxedvrdfir,o 6.x6 r6v €l"l,qvr.xd Xa6 xa( eile xcOopwr,m'il o4paofcr y6. r,iy Enmuy(a tdlv hc6vrrlv. 'Ol"upnloxof Ol npdtor Ale0veig i\6veg 61"r1[ovp"€V,gX6],\tnm,uy(a. 'Ol.upnloxdv Kard rf16r.d,qxela rdv npr6rolvottdv Ayc6vorv6lopycvc60r1xcv xai nol"l"dgdoproorlx6g6x6r1l.16oe rEp6 dgloieg ncpootdoer.E tpoylxdv, 6n<ogto0 Aiolrjl.ou, )ocpoxl"douE xof Erigmi6rl. M6 trjv xnquEn oniv A0fvc r6v nqc6rcrrv Are0vdv Ol,upnLcx6v ?\r6vrov d.x6 r6v 6r,d6o1o KrrlvoravrTvo, Bpovrc66er,gdneucpqp(eg dlegdyrloav o' 6l.o tdv dndgavro 16qo. M6oa o' ai:r,6 td ru),fr0og pouorxoi pd 6y1op6o dpyava xcf rol"udpl0poug &or,6otigdnd8oloav 'Ol.upnr,cx<5 "Ypvo o6.o"c(yougro0 Krrlotil llal.apd xc( tdv dOdvato prel.ono(qoq rotr )nrlpou )aprdpo. Ol Ol.upnroxo( ar.jtof i\6veg l6geocrv pdoa touE 6l"q rrlv oixoup6vrl xc( len6qaoov xd0e e'i6ougorlvopo y€rrlyeocplxd,Oenoxeur,tx6,gul.errxd, nol,nr,orux6. Oi, dydrvegrflE A0rlvcE dnoretro0v 'O td 6pdoqpo r[E cxvapfororlE ]"adE rilg rdlv O].upnr,oxdv i\c6vrrlv. 'E}.},d6cg 'O}.upnr,axoriE A0{vog xaf 6},dx}.4QnErilE nfotetl.reororiE ?\drveE,np6ocpepexo i 6 r,xcr.c604xe. )tdv Mogo0rivlo 6 a0l,qr4Enori 6yr,ve 0gol,oEfrtcv 6 Magouor"r6tqg vepoul.dEImigog Aori4g.Trtv tFdqa aori 6rel{10q 6 Mcgo0rfvr,oE11 A0r]va 0(qoe orr.yprigdvenavdl,rlnreg."Evag vdogpogcOrrlvopdlogcpopc6vtagl,euxr] gouorav6tra,,xo,rai6pcrlpdvoE p.n\x"eotd lrd6lo o?1,oenc6vraggiyq ouyxivqorlgxcli riv0ouor,copo0 o' 6tro r6v n6op"o;rdoao' 6vo,nav6o,rpdvr,o Xoedgxoi lelgoxgorqpdrolv. Metd torjg A' Ol.upnr,o;xotgi\6veg &xol.ori0qocv xdOe 4 Xp6vls, oi,'Ol.upnlaxo( i\6veE rafl6eriovrcE od nol"l,6EXdQsEo'61.q trjv 'Ycprj l. r,o."Exrore ouvelf(ovta r 6norg o16 Aov8iv o, 7-:c oxy6Lpq, xa( od &l,l.eE14169eE,pd rel.eurcis rd )fbveij rd 2000 6nou fl 6l.l,qvr.xr1 ouppetolrj len6gcoe xd0e npoqyodpevoxai oi Ol.upnr,oxoii\6veE tel,eirooav pd nparro0l"qr6gd0dvorou E"El,l.qveE. Metd rorig Ol.upnwxotg i\6veg 6r1vap4 VuXitE eivar, xaf oi llapaol.upnr,axoi AydrveEpd vrio dqcrtrra,8rlvcrpqxoi ng6xl.qoq. Ndor, xa( v€tgdn' 6l,a rd pdprltot x6opou 0d l"dBouvp6QoE otrlv noyxdopta xai 6(xsr,cx oupperopj xa(06. aioOdvovtar6rr 61ouv6l.eErfE6efr,dtqteE yr,d6na0l.a xaf perd].]"ro,,no,ubrd, trdn'6],u rd 6nfre6a tflg xorvtrlv[crE
27 pt6vrcEr6v 6aut<irouE,t[E npoondOelds rouExa( tQ 6efr,6r4tdE roug. 'H Ol,uprLcxr] oqpo(o eivar l,euxr] y,(.nâ&#x201A;Źvrc dylgrotriouEx{xLoug 6vorp6vouEpercfti rouE xa( oupBol.(ouv viy Evoloq rCay xiyra 'Hne(pcrlv xai dl.ov rdlv l.adv rotr xdopou Bgr.ox6plaoteooiv otyf rflE 6m[oyroytlEtdv O]"upnro,xdrv i\c6vrov r,o(s2004,xug(ag1ou0eopot tflg dg1ar,6rqtcE,nod 0d yfvouv otrlv norgG 6o pcrE,otdv t6no rfiE xorayolytlg roug, perd &116rdoo 1g<ivlafievr,rl&E 'El,l"d6a. xa( no(s6rclorp6cpouv otrlv dglcic xoni6a rouE, rrlv "Yotepcr d.n6 rfv iegrj rel.erougy(o rnS &qnE rnE, fl Ol.uprrlaxrj g)"dyo (eix. 10), afsr6 16 oripBol"o rflg eiprjv4g, norJ lnrlog dvagdpel 'O}.upnicrE, 6 flo,uoovfag, Exarye p6gc zof y{xr,a ord flgutaveio rtlE dcpotrbloolioer 6l.a rd y;i1xr1 xa( rd nL&rr1 ritv ndvre'Hne(qolv, 0d dyxol.r.rioer,pd tri )"dptpqrqE xci 0d,cprrlrfoe u6l,oug rorig LaoriE,y6.78 ql,5yc attrlOri petol.apno8e(oetordndgcto totr xdopou td tlp6OeE.'H 'Ol.upnropoO, i6ec66nrotr 6ql,c8rl rrjv 6popcpr,6, l(y etyevfl ffpr,l.l.o,rqv eigrlvq,t6v 66ol"oouvoyovrop"6,t6cpil"o0l.o nvetrpc,r{ ouvcl86}"qooq tdv tradv, rrlv aydnrl yrd &Ol,qoqxai xupirogr{v dplrl to0 d0}.qrr.opotr td dyorv(eoOar>.M6 11.30069opeig- l,opna6q6p6poug td i,ep696g "etr dcpo08roolfoer 6l"o t6v xdotrro0d cprdoerot6 llavaOqvoix6 Xtdblo y6. rfv dvaglq rdlv oriylgovrrlv O)"uprnraxdvAyc6vrov. Ol'Ol"upnr,cxoi ?\6veg eivor,&y6vegtotr nveriporog,rilE crv6pe[cE, rotr nctqr<orr.otrro0 xa( r,i1gr,6yvqg.fr,' arlrd etldproote vd priv cprjyer. 'El,l.d6o, rd fivetrpla t6 A0dvoto 6.n6 filv dl"l,d vd peivouv xa( vd yld tetrotvtal 66dl n6lra or{ 1c6gc xo6 ro69 yrivvqoe.M6 Qu1{ yepdtq ruegr'1cpdvr.a 0d xd,voupepfa peyal,er,c66q tro6oyfl o' aino{g no{ Oir &yolvr.orotv dxngooorrrc6vrcgtfE 16geEtouE orrlv xogucpcrioarit4 'Ol,uprnaxr] 6xbr]Lrrloq.A0ro( 0d,peraq6gouv or,6v r,6no rouE,or(gnapcfi pd rd 6rc0l.c xcI td pergfbeErouEp6 ouyxivqoq xai nepqcpdvrc, tdl,l"la tdv 6nrtu1l6v toug xu('td i6ec66q ro0 dglafou Etrl"qvrxotnvedpeyd].ou 6noE td dvocprigel6 tot rilgciou, rot xs( t'&Iq0wotr, [ro,roE, peydl"ognor.qrrlgpog Krrlorrlgllal"apftE ordv Ol.upxwxi "Ypvo. 216 6p61toxa( o16 nd)"epa xa( o16 hfid,pt ordtv e0yevdv dydvav Tdppe rfiv 6ppfi xa( trtf l dl.tdpavro orcEd,vaoe xhavdpt xa( oAepdvrc il"doe xa( dfuo 16 xopp(.
28
Eix. l: K6rruoq, oreEd,vtdyprcLfiq oroi<'O)"upnruxo{q AyitveE.
Eix. 2: ZraSto6p6potyupvo(rpiyouv np6Erd rippa."O 6taoxtlrcTtdgtouE elvat peyd)"og.Td yfpru xwolvrat laqpd. pf avoryr€gnil'dpeq.
29
Eix. 3: Il6wa0).o, d074rdg Ba6(louv np6E r6v oilBo. Eixovi(ovtat &,yawfupararo0 &,xovrrcpol, rfig 6toxoBd"fug xa( ro0 d).paroE.
Eix. 4:"Evag ail"qrfig rcO prlxoug1t6),ffiwouEdlrFlpeg.
30
Eix. 5: Ilapdoruttrl dydva 6pri;rot' yttvatxitv ord"Hpuia. Ateldyovtuv p6vo Eva 6vydvtopa.6 6priprtg 160 y.
'O),uptfuE xurd rrlv Eix. 6: Avanapdoraoq ri1< "Iepaq A),rtog tilE irpyadulra."O va6Ero0 Aftr ytd toTToti<ctiavtq irroril'eoe rd xfvtprt ix64)'r6oeovotfiv A)'tt. rllg),arptfu< xa( uitv ayulv11lrrrr-tv
31
Eix.7:'H Kptnrry.'Hravfi Enfur1pr1e'fuo\oE rco 2ra6bu. Tfiv6v6trtaoav pf dtp6a."Evarpnpa Kpdnrrl,ymr( xard,r6v Loairiva n.X. oxend,orqxe u1gxa1rigpnafuoutrte eivatd.vaor4).wptvo.
Eix. 8: T6'Hpalov. O va6g tfig"Hpag orrlv ALn yr(ortxe y6po ord, 600 n.X. Anorc).el \eTyparo0 6otptxo0pu01to0pf tft Bap6g dvil.oykg.
32
Eix. 9: T6 llava?rlvatx6 Zrd\rc not {nat(e nd"6 peyd)'o p6'o orrlv Ayrbvav rca 1896. inrcuyfu rbv O).upntaxCov
Eix. 10:'H iepfircLeroupyfu rilE d,Efig.'Hnpofit6peta @d).eta[Ipoxontuu xpardtt tfi6d,6a not pâ&#x201A;Ź n1Bori)erc rcO An6)J"ava rfiv &vdBeto16 xdrontpo ro1 Bo4tol ro0 vao0 tfig"Hpag.
AHMO>IEYMATA TH: ETAIPEIA> MAKEAONIKQN >NOYAON MAKEAONIKH AATKH BIBAIO@HKH 23. llveupctlno'l dvbpeE tflg Mcne6ov(cg xard rilv rouqxoxpotfcv, @eooolrovitrl 7972,8o,oel 184. AA
E ri a y y 6 ?ro u K cocpo tr,'H Maxebovio otil ylouynootrcBlxil'Iotoployqcrcp(o, 4, 8o, ot)'. 25. @eooclrovixl 1.97 o u p B o l t i lt d v n p b t o t O I I ( n n o u B ' M a x e b d v < r r v Kavatoorll"q,'H paorl"dolv eig rilv dpydvoor,v xcri eiE tilv dv y6vel Eldi'lllv tlg Mcrxe6ov(cE, @eooatrov(xq 1974, 8o, oel,. 23.
25. A q p .
Ill,rlqoqogfcl leg'l Maxe8ov(ag €x td:v dpeplxavLx6v Iegepdr4, &pleiorv (d,vacpopai[qoldvov), @eooclov(x4 1,974,8o, oeL. 25 + 4 eix<iveg.
z o . AIF.
2'7. llcril,ou
Todpq,
McrxebovttbEAyc6v, @eooalovixrl 1975, 8o plxp6, oe)t.
506. d 0 v l x i l d g r l n v t o r , gr 6 v B o u l y r i q o v x a ' l f 1 28. Avt. - Aipr,i'. Tcltriou,'H xlvrioeoE dv Moxe6ov(9, @eoooi'ovfxrl 1974,8o, 6pgdvr,olEpou\cqr,tflE 60vLxigg oel.. 39. 6lolxrjoec,rg otilv rclqryeveo(c ouppoll t71E6l,I1vlr.tflg 29. Avo.ot. I. Trilou,'H tdrv vdrrlvX<oed;v(tir rp6otolc 0aepdv<ottiv 0eop6v), @eoo<rl"ovfxrl1'979,8o,
oetr.36. Zt6.xagxc't f1ou1rpetopjtou otoilg @e<i6olpog 30. Mil.r. I. llancriod,vvou,'O 1981, 8o, oelr.7 3. dy6veg, @eoocr?,.ov(x1 €0vLxoirEdnel.eu0eqcrlrlxoilE 31. N. G. L. Hammond, Ttr npoBl.rjpotcrxai td 0nlrerlypotc tdrv peydi'orv Mareb<ivtov Or,)'(nnouxci Alelrivbgou, @eooal.ovfuq 1982,8o pr,tpd, oetr. 16. 32. Lr1p. K. I c p o <iq q, Anb rlv Egeuvat?1Eiotoqrlxflg lecrrlpcg(aE rflg AurlxilE Mcxe8ovicE xard tilv €i'Iqvtxil xai popaixil dg1cr.dtqto,.Alanrotc6oetgolerltd pb tilv loroprxil toroygcqic tflg'Epl]'16rl6c9, @eoocl.ovixq 1983,8o plxpd, oel. _to.
otb Movcot{pr (1903-1912), 33. N r n . X . f e o r p y r , d 6 4 , " O o n E . y q c r l r a @eooclovixq1984,8o, oeL.w't' + 245. J+.
yrtr tir 80 1g<5vrc, Oeoocl"ov(xq1986,8o, oetr. AyrivaE.Alal.6ler.E Maxe6ovlx<5E 154.
l,<5yrog xa'r notrrrrxdE, 35. N. B. Koopd, le6qyrog Xquo(61g,Moxe6c5vag 1990,8o,oel".50. @eooatrovix4 3 6 . A q p . L K a p n o , o c r x r i ? ' q ,O d q l l e r f o x o n o g A c i ' p o t ( o E B e v d 6 r . x t o E K p a t r i b l g , @eooclov(xq1990,8o,oel..89. 3 7 . f l 6 q y o g X . X l o v f b r l g , ' H o u p p o ) , it 16 v M c r x e 6 6 v t o v o t i 1 v ' E n a v < i o t c o q r o t ' '21 oel. 30. (M(o oxrnlprig4ol to0 dyrivc toug),@eooalo'tfur1 l99I,8o plxg<1, 38. feciplroE L M(vtoqg,'H inovriotooqtotr 1821tirE&getqg(atflg 60vrtti1g @eoocIovfurl1993,8o,oeL.27. 6l.l.qvlopo0, dnoxcttiotcoqg toO pr,cxebovrno0
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