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Notes : ' 2003 Walls around Israeli 'Greater' Jerusalem - December Silwad Bir Zeit
Deir Ammar
Na'ale
Nahli'el
Nili
Modi'in Illit
Jalazoun RC
Mazra'a Qbl.
Talmon
Ein Yabrud
Ofra
Bet El
Dolev
Rimmonim
Kufr Ni'ma Saffa
Kochav Hashahar
Deir Jarir
Beitin
Ramallah
Deir Dibwan
Al-Bireh
Beit Ur Tht.
Psagot Beitunia
Beit Liqya
Bet Horon
Kh. al Misbah
Giv'at Ze'ev
Kochav Ya'acov
Kufr Aqab
Rafat
Qalandiya Qalandia RC
Beit Inan
Sha'ar Binyamin (Industr.)
Al-Jib
Qubeiba Qatanna
Beit Surik
Geva Binyamin
(Industr.)
Neve Ya'acov Beit Hanina
Har Shmuel
Haradar
Ar-Ram
Atarot
Bir Giv'on Nabala Biddu Hahadasha
Ma'ale Mukhmas
Ramot
Pisgat Ze'ev
Shu'fat
Ramat Shlomo
Hizma
Walaja Battir
Gilo
Har Gilo
East Talpiot
Khadr
Betar Neve Daniel
Nahhalin
Geva'ot Bat Ayin Surif
Rosh Tzurim
Mishor Adumim (Indust.)
Al-Izzariyyya
Ma'ale Adumim
Abu Dis Sawahreh Shr. Grb.
Qedar
Sur Baher
Har Homa
Beit Jala
Husan
Mizpe Yeriho
French Hill
(Al Quds)
Mevo Betar
Kefar Adumim
Anata
Shu'fat RC
Jerusalem
Beit Safafa
Alon
Almon
Bethlehem
Ubeidia
Beit Sahur
Irtas Za'atara
Elazar Alon Shvut
Efrata
Kefar Migdal Etzion Oz
Tuqu
Teqoa Noqdim
0
10 km Map : Š Jan de Jong
Israeli Wall: Completed, Approved and Projected
Outline of Israeli 'Greater' Jerusalem
Green Line Option for Settlement Bloc Area to connect to the Wall
Double-fenced Palestinian Area
Palestinian Cities and Villages
Israeli Settlements Approved Wall around Palestinian Jerusalem Suburbs
Date :
JERUSALEM MAPS
Palestinian and Israeli Neighborhoods in Metropolitan Jerusalem, 2000 Jalazoun RC
OFRA
BET EL
Surda
Rammun
RIMMONIM
Beitin Beitunia
Ramallah
Deir Dibwan
Al-Bireh PSAGOT
KOCHAV YA'ACOV
Rafat
GIVAT ZE'EV
MA'ALE MIKHMAS ATAROT
GIVON HAHADASHA
Al-Jib
Al-Jaba
NEVE YA'ACOV Hizma
Beit Hanina
RAMOT
ADAM
Ar-Ram
Bir Nabala
Nabi Samwil Beit Iksa
Mukhmas
RAMAT SHU'FAT Shu'fat
ALON
ALMON
PISGAT ZE'EV
Anata
KEFAR ADUMIM
MIZPE YERIHO
RC
FRENCH HILL
Issawiyya
East Jerusalem
WEST
Old City Silwan Ras Al-Amud Thori
Mukabber
Beit Safafa
TALPIOT Sur Baher
GILO
Al-Walaja
Az-Za'im MA'ALE ADUMIM
At-Tur
MISHOR ADUMIM
Al-Izzariyya Abu Dis
Jahalin
West Sawahreh East
KEDAR
Kh. Hardhan
HAR GILO
Legend
Beit Jala
Bethlehem Beit Sahur
EFRATA
Ubeidia
Ash-Shawawra
Za'atara
Planned settlements and settlements under construction have not been included e.g Har Homa
Green line Israeli bypass roads Other main roads Present Arab neighborhoods Israeli civil and military facilities Present Israeli neighborhoods Metropolitan Jerusalem Israel Š Jan de Jong
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA)
Biddu
GIV'ON HAHADASHA Beit Ijza
AL KHALIL (HEBRON)
BETHLEHEM
JERUSALEM
RAMALLAH
RAMOT ALLON
PISGAT ZE'EV PISGAT AMIR
Hizma
NEVE YA'ACOV
ADAM
EAST TALPIOT
JEWISH QUARTER
Jerusalem
Sur Baher
Abu Mughier
Abu Dis
El-E'izariya
E Sawarha Esh Sharqiya
Gharbiyyeh
EsSawahreh
Silwan
Zi'em El-Tur
'ALMON
Mukhmas
Shu'fat Anata GIV'AT HAMIVTAR GIV'AT RAMAT El-Issawiyya SHAPIRA ESHKOL
RECHES SHU'FAT
Beit Hanina
Bir Nabala
Er Ram
Qalandia RC Jaba'
Kafr A'qab
QEDAR
MA'ALE ADUMIM
NOFEI PART
MISHOR ADUMMIM
KFAR ADUMMIM
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA)
ARIHA (JERICHO)
TUBAS
NABLUS
JENIN
Rafat Qalandia Judeira 'ATAROT GIV'ON
Beit Surik HAR ADAR Beit Iqsa
SALFIT
QALQILIYA
TULKARM
ISRAEL
Qatanna
Kh El-Lahem
Beit A'nan
Beit Duqqu
GIV'AT ZE'EV
JORDAN
KOKHAV YA'ACOV
The Jerusalem District according to the Palestinian Authority
JERUSALEM MAPS
Legend
1
0
2 kilometres
1
QALYA
3
Palestinian built-up area Jewish built-up area Israeli military base
4
Date : Notes :
Jalazoun RC
Date :
OFRA
Rammun
BET EL
RIMMONIM
JERUSALEM MAPS
Surda
Beitin Beitunia
Deir Arab East Jerusalem within Dibwan 'Greater' Jerusalem Al-Bireh PSAGOT
Ramallah
KOCHAV YA'ACOV
Mukhmas
Rafat
GIVAT ZE'EV
Al-Jaba
ATAROT
ADAM
Ar-Ram Al-Jib
GIVON HAHADASHA
Bir Nabala
NEVE YA'ACOV
Nabi Samwil Beit Hanina
Beit Iksa
RAMOT
MA'ALE MIKHMAS
Hizma
RAMAT SHU'FAT Shu'fat
ALON
ALMON
PISGAT ZE'EV
KEFAR ADUMIM
Anata
MIZPE YERIHO
RC
FRENCH HILL
Issawiyya
WEST
Jerusalem
EAST
Old City Silwan Ras Al-Amoud Thori
Mukabber
Beit Safafa
TALPIOT
Sur Baher
Al-Walaja GILO
Az-Zaim MA'ALE ADUMIM
At-Tur
MISHOR ADUMIM
Al-Izzaryya Abu Dis
Jahalin
West Sawahreh East
KEDAR
Kh. Hardhan
HAR GILO
Beit Jala
Ubeidia
Bethlehem Beit Sahur
Ash-Shawawra
EFRATA
Za'atara
Legend Green Line Greater Jerusalem area Present Arab neighborhoods Israeli civil and military facilities Israeli neighborhoods Metropolitan Jerusalem Israel
Map: Š Jan de Jong
Planned settlements and settlements under construction have not been included e.g Har Homa
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA)
Date :
Notes :
JERUSALEM MAPS Metropolitan Jerusalem, 2000 - The Old and the 'New' Town Planning Area Jalazoun RC
OFRA
BET EL
Surda
Rammun
RIMMONIM
Beitin Beitunia
Deir Dibwan
Al-Bireh
Ramallah
Ramallah
PSAGOT
KOCHAV YA'ACOV
Rafat
GIVAT ZE'EV
Al-Jib
Bir Nabala
NEVE YA'ACOV
Nabi Samwil
HAR SHEMUEL
Beit Hanina
Beit Iksa
RAMAT SHU'FAT
Shu'fat FRENCH HILL
Anata
EAST
TALPIOT
Sur Baher GILO
MA'ALE ADUMIM
At-Tur
Al-Izzariyya Abu Dis
Jahalin
West Sawahreh East
KEDAR
Kh. Hardhan
Proposed planning area
HAR HOMA
HAR GILO
Ubeidia
Bethlehem Beit Sahur
Ash-Shawawra
EFRATA
MISHOR ADUMIM
Az-Za'im
Mukabber
Beit Jala
MIZPE YERIHO
Issawiyya
Silwan Ras Al-Amud Thori
Al-Walaja
KEFAR ADUMIM
RC
Old City
Beit Safafa
ALON
ALMON
WEST
Jerusalem
Jerusalem
Bethlehem
Hizma
PISGAT ZE'EV
RAMOT
Kendall Town Plan 1966
ADAM
Ar-Ram GIVON HAHADASHA
MA'ALE MIKHMAS
SHA'AR BINYAMIN
Al-Jaba
ATAROT
Mukhmas
Za'atara
Legend Green line Currently planned expansion Present Arab neighborhoods Israeli civil and military facilities Present Israeli neighborhoods Metropolitan Jerusalem Israel Map: Š Jan de Jong
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA)
Date :
JERUSALEM MAPS The Old City of Jerusalem lus N ab
Je
Salah E Stre ddin et
r ic
Bab Az-Zahra (Herod's Gate)
ho ad Ro
Ro a
d Do
Mosque of Omar
Haram Ash-Sharif
Qubbet As-Sakra Dome of the Rock
Al-Buraq (Wailing Wall)
Site of demolished Mughrabi Quarter
Al-Aqsa Mosque
Jewish Quarter (Extended) ad
Christ Church
St. James Cathedral
Bab Al-Magharbe (Dung Gate)
Sil wa n
oad nR ro
Bab Al-Hadid
Bab Silsileh
As Silsileh Str. Khalidiye Library
Bab Al-Asbat (Lion's Gate)
Bab Hutta
Al-Omariya School
Redeemer Church
Bab Nabi Da'ud (Zion Gate)
b
Islamic Waqf
eh t Tekiy Gr.Mufti's Office
Armenian Quarter
He
Ecce Homo Arch/Convent
O
Armenian Street
Citadel
Aqaba
Suq Al Husur ( Habad Str.)
ad Ro Bab Al-Khalil ( Jaffa Gate )
Holy Sepulcher
Greek Orthodox Patriarchate
fa af
J
Aqab
Chr.Qr t.Rd.
Latin Patriarchate
Str.
St. Anne's Church
isiya
ancis
Muslim Quarter
Via lorosa
Al-Qad
St.Fr
nqa at Kha
ad Ro ad -W Suq Khan Ez-Zeit
Al
Christian Quarter
hbat Aqabat Ra
Al-Mawlawiya Mosque
Bab Al-Amud (Damascus Gate)
c As
t en
fe l
Ro
0
200 m
Area expropriated for the reconstitution of an extended Jewish Quarter, 1968 Properties taken over by Israeli settlers Major religious and public buildings
Map : Š Jan de Jong
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA)
Date :
Notes :
THE OLD CITY AND THE HOLY / HISTORICAL BASIN AREA
Sheikh Jarrah
West Jerusalem
Palestinian Built-up Area
Wadi Al-Joz Bab Az-Zahra
Israeli Built-up Area
East Jerusalem
Green Line Current & Projected Settlement Neighborhoods
At-Tur
Cemetery UN-classified Holy Site
OLD CITY Holy Sepulcher
Church-owned land Haram Ash-Sharif
Western Wall
(Al-Buraq)
Al-Izzariyya Shayyah Silwan
Ath-Thori
Ras Al-Amud
Abu Dis Map : Š Jan de Jong
JERUSALEM MAPS
Date :
Partitioned Jerusalem, 1948 -1967 ISRAEL DEMILITARIZED ZONE
Sanhedria
Hadassah Hospital
M t
Sc
op us
Hebrew University
Augusta Victoria h JORDAN Churc
Mandelbaum Gate
ZONE
m
Qua r
Lion's Gate
I
u s li M
Armenian Quarter
Jewish Quarter
Ash-Sharif
OLD CITY
Jeri
cho
Ro a
d
A
Zion Gate
J e r u s a l e m
S
New Hebrew University
Jaffa Gate
Mosque of Omar
D
Christian Quarter
Al-Haram
R
ter
Rehavia
DEMILITARIZED
O
Mea Shearim
s
aR oad
D AN 'S L
Mt o f O liv e
J aff
N MA NO
J
NO MAN'S LAND
Talbiyeh
Mt.Zion
Silwan
N
Ro a d Gaza
R A
Ath-Thori
E L
Government House (UN Headquarters)
NO MAN'S LAND Ta lpiot
0
Mile
1
Source: H.M.Sachar A History of Israel, Knopf 1979
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA)
Date :
JERUSALEM MAPS
Notes :
Projected growth of Arab and Israeli Neighborhoods in East Jerusalem Jalazoun RC
OFRA
BET EL
Surda
Rammun
RIMMONIM
Beitin Beitunia
Deir Dibwan
Al-Bireh
Ramallah
PSAGOT
KOCHAV YA'ACOV
Rafat GIVAT ZE'EV
Al-Jaba
ATAROT
GIVON HAHADASHA
Al-Jib
Nabi Samwil
HAR SHEMUEL
Beit Iksa
Beit Hanina
NEVE YA'ACOV Hizma PISGAT ZE'EV
RAMOT
RAMAT Shu'fat SHU'FAT FRENCH HILL
WEST
TALPIOT
Sur Baher GILO
Al-Walaja
Beit Jala
MISHOR ADUMIM
At-Tur
MA'ALE ADUMIM
Abu Dis
Jahalin
West Sawahreh East
KEDAR
Kh. Hardhan
Legend
Ubeidia
Bethlehem Beit Sahur
Ash-Shawawra EFRATA
MIZPE YERIHO
Az-Za'im
HAR HOMA
HAR GILO
KEFAR ADUMIM
Al-Izzariyya
Mukabber
Beit Safafa
Anata
Issawiyya
Old City
ISRAEL
ALON ALMON
RC
EAST
Jerusalem
MA'ALE MIKHMAS
SHA'AR BINYAMIN ADAM
Ar-Ram
Bir Nabala
Mukhmas
Za'atara
Green line Israeli bypass roads Other main roads Area assigned for growth of Arab neighborhoods Israeli civil and military facilities Projected area for future Israeli settlement expansion Metropolitan Jerusalem Israel Nature reserves
Š Jan de Jong
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA)
Date :
JERUSALEM MAPS Israeli Settlements and Palestinian Neighborhoods in East Jerusalem, 2000 Ramallah Rafat
Kufr Akab
Mukmas
Kalandia
Municipal limits unilaterally extended by Israel between 1967-1993
Al-Jib
re
en
Line
Beit Nakuba Kalunya
Biddu Beit Iksa
1949
Kastal
Lifta
Ein Karim
0
Hizma PISGAT ZE'EV
West
Shu'fat FRENCH HILL Issawiyya Wadi Joz East
Jerusalem
Sheikh Badr The Knesset
Malha
Silwan Thort TALPIOT
Al-Walaja Battir
NEVE YA'ACOV
Beit Hanina
RAMAT SHU'FAT
Anata
Arab municipality under Jordanian rule 1950-1967
At-Tur Ras Al-Amud
Al-Izzariyya
Abu Dis Sawahreh
Beit Safafa HAR HOMA
GILO
5 km
WE S T B A NK
Al-Ram
RAMOT
Deir Yassin
IS R AEL
Al-Jaba
Bir Nabala
Nabi Samwil
Beit Surik G
ATAROT (IND.)
Sur Baher HAR HOMA
Bethlehem
Legend Israeli settlements Palestinian neighborhoods
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA)
Date :
Notes :
JERUSALEM MAPS Jerusalem and the Corpus Separatum proposed in 1947 Beit Hanina
G
West Jerusalem municipal section conquered by ee Israel -1948 nL in e
r
Anata
Shu'fat
Lifta Deir Yassin
Old City
Sheikh Badr
Battir
Beit Jala
Beit Safafa
Mount Scopus Enclave
AlIzzariyya Abu Silwan Dis
Ein Karim Malha
Hizma
East Jerusalem municipal section remaining under Arab rule -1949 Sur Baher Corpus Separatum Outline
Bethlehem
Beit Sahur
0
5 km
On 29 November 1947, as part of its resolution on Palestine (Resolution 181 (II)A, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the proposal that, "The City of Jerusalem shall be established as a corpus separatum under a special international regime and shall be administered by the United Nations". Under this plan a referendum was to be held after ten years to seek the views of the City's residents as to whether the international regime should continue, or be modified.
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA)
Date :
Al-Quds’s location Al-Quds (Jerusalem) is located near the very heart of Palestine and lays east of the Mediterranean Sea. It is situated amidst the foothills and peaks of the Judaean Mountains; 740 meters above sea level. Moreover, it acts as the link between all Palestinian cities as it rests in between the key cities of Nablus, Jenin, and Ramallah to the north, and furthermore lays between Hebron and Bethlehem. It is also spans the divide between Jericho to the east and the cities along the western coast and seaboard. The city is surrounded by mountains, some such as Mount Scopus, Mount Tabor, and the Mount of Olives. At the crest of those mountains, a great number of towns and villages rest, some of which are Silwan, Al-Eizariya, Al-Issawiya, Shuafat Sheikh, Jarrah, Beit Iksa, Lifta, and Hanina. With respect to its size, Jerusalem is about 1 kilometer wide. It is surrounded by solid walls and a total of seven gates. They are the Dung Gate, the Zion Gate, Lion’s Gate, Herod’s Gate, Damascus Gate, the New Gate, and Jaffa Gate. The city is divided into four neighborhoods; namely the Christian Quarter, the Armenian Quarter, al-Sharaf Neighborhood, and the Muslim Quarter which is the biggest of the four, and also where al-Aqsa mosque may be found. With the end of the 19th century and the advent of the 20th century, the city was expanded due to the growth of its population. Since it’s occupation of the the Old City in 1967, Israel has attempted to expand the municipal boarders of Jerusalem in order to control the widest swath of land with the smallest possible population. The Jerusalem Area was set to around 123 square kilometers in 1995.
The Name of Al-Quds Jerusalem has held a number of names throughout history. The oldest one is Jebusto, referring to its inhabitant’s; the Jebusites, who were one the Arab tribes that lived in the city some 4,000 years ago. It was also called Jerusalem, which means the city of peace. Later, it was named the Aelia Capitolina. The Muslims retained the use of the name Aelia until the Muslim conquest arrived in 637 A.D, during the time of the Caliph Omar Bin Khattab. At this point in time, it was named Bayt al-Maqdis. Al-Quds Population At the end of 2007, the number of Arabs living in it was 257,000, in contrast to a total of 489,000 Jews. The reason for this is the continuation of the forced displacement policy against the Jerusalemite Arab families by stripping them of their identity cards, destroying their houses, and imposing huge taxes on them. In return, the Jews are encouraged to live in Jerusalem and they are granted all facilities at the expense of the Arabs’ rights.The Christian and Muslim Arabs live side by side in their sacred city. They both share life’s difficulties and suffer from racist policies, marginalization, and being deprived of their rights for work, education, and so on, which are specifically adapted by the occupation against the Arabs in Jerusalem. The Religious Significance of Al-Quds The Prophet Abraham immigrated to Jerusalem, in about 2000 BC. He lived there and built the Al-Aqsa Mosque 40 years after the Grand Mosque was constructed in Mecca.
Date :
Notes :
This sacred city is also related to the Isra and Mi’raj journey, where the prophet Mohammad travelled from Masjid al-Haram to Al-Aqsa mosque. He prayed as an Imam, the leader of prayers, with the rest of the prophets. This indicated that he was the last prophet. Afterwards, he ascended to the seven heavens.
as it holds more than 47 Christian monuments and ruins. The most noteworthy amongst them is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The Israeli Occupation ofAl-Quds Britain occupied Jerusalem in 1917. Since then, it attempted to empower the Jewish control over the city by increasing the number of the Jewish immigrants, distributing Palestinian lands for them, and granting them high-level positions. On the other side of the coin, it fought against the Palestinians and took their lands away from them. In 1948, Britain executed its large scale conspiracy by delivering Jerusalem to the Jews. At that time, the western part of Jerusalem was under occupation. Later on, the entirety of Jerusalem fell into the hands of the Jews when they took over the eastern part in 1967. The Israeli army went into Al-Aqsa mosque shouting: Mohammad is dead and left no men. What was meant by Mohammad is the Prophet of Islam.
This city has always been considered holy for believers in God throughout history. Many of the Prophet’s Companions and followers lived and died as martyrs, and were buried there. The city continuously attracted attention in the era of Prophet Mohammad and that of Righteous Caliphs. Moreover, many monuments were built during the Umayyad Caliphate. The most significant of them was the Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem was also important during the era of the Abbasid Caliphate, the Ayyubid dynasty, the Mamluk Dynasty, and the Ottoman Empire. The Most Significant Aspects of Al-Quds Jerusalem holds within it more than 197 Islamic ruins. They include mosques, palaces, lodges, schools, and gates belonging to different Islamic eras. The most important of these are the al-Aqsa mosque, as it served as the first of the two kiblahs, and remains of the three mosques wished to be visited. As for the Christians, Jerusalem also holds considerable import
YAYASAN AL-QUDS MALAYSIA
The Arabs of Jerusalem carried out many revolutions to protect their city. They also participated with their brothers from other cities in revolutions that broke out throughout the Palestinian cities, such as the 1920 Nebi Musa revolution, the 1929 Palestine revolution in defense of Western Wall, Izz adDin al-Qassam’s revolution, the 1936 Arab revolt in Palestine, the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and others.
CIMB ISLAMIC BANK 1434-0001516-10-4
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POPULATION: The number of Palestinian residents of al-Quds (Jerusalem) is 371.844, which makes up 39% of the total population of alQuds. While the total number of Maqdisis (Jerusalemites) below poverty line is 79.5% of the total population. PRISONERS: The number of Maqdisis prisoners has reached 525 prisoners, including 6 women and 12 children, 16 of them were martyred in the jails of the Israeli occupation. CHILDREN OF al-Quds: There are more than 20,000 Maqdisis children who are deprived of staying with their families in the holy city, either because they were not born in those hospitals managed by the occupation or for reasons that are related to delay in their registration with the occupation authorities and Civil Department. EDUCATION: Shortage of classrooms: 46% of the Maqdisis students are learning in schools that are supervised by the mayor of the Israeli occupation in al-Quds. These schools suffer from persistent shortage in the number of classrooms. There is a need for more than one thousand classroom. In spite of adding dozens of classrooms each year, they barely cover the shortage of the enormous and growing demand in these schools. Shortage of kindergartens: There are 10 kindergartens that are frequenting by Palestinian children in al-Quds, versus 77 kindergartens and 96 other religious kindergartens for Jewish children that are supervised by the Israeli municipality in the city.
Secondary and university education: The leakage percentage in the ranks of students of 12th grade among Maqdisis reached 40%; while those who have completed high school diploma find difficulties in admission in the universities of the Israeli occupation. Another obstacle is that the academic degrees of some of the Palestinian universities including the University of al-Quds/ Abu Dis, are not recognized by the occupation authorities. WORK & EMPLOYMENT: The percentage of Maqdisis who work in the sector of hotels and restaurants reached 25% of the local working force, 19% work in education and 19% in the service sector, while the only Palestinian industrial area, located in Waid al-Joz, is contentiously threatened to be closed by the Israeli occupation. PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION: Palestinians are only allowed to build on 14% of eastern part of al-Quds, which is equivalent to 7.8% of the total area of alQuds. The exploitation of the majority of this area has been to construction, and the highest rates of construction allowed in the Palestinian neighborhoods are about 25% -50% versus 75% -125 % in Jewish neighborhoods. During the second half of 2012, 26 Palestinian houses were demolished in al-Quds, under the argument of failure to obtain a building permit. Housing and overcrowding: Only 13% of the house construction permits issued by the Israeli municipality in al-Quds in the period between 2005 and 2009, is granted to Palestinian neighborhoods. It is noteworthy that the space available for housing per capita in the Jewish neighborhoods has reached up to 20 square meters. THE SEPARATION WALL AND CHECKPOINTS: Expansion and annexation wall was built 142 kilometers long. The occupation authorities closed the crossings in the wall, and imposed the policy of entry permits on Palestinians which led to isolating al-Quds from rest of the West Bank and damaging effect on the Palestinian population both economically and socially. Maqdisis are asked for these permits in the security checkpoints in everyday each time they want to pass for the purpose of receiving education, medical treatment, visits family and the same it.
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THREATENED LEGAL STATUS: There are 965 Palestinian families in Jerusalem waiting for family reunion procedures to be completed. No spouse is eligible to live in al-Quds without the blue identification card issued by the occupation authorities. As a result their fundamental rights in health, welfare and others, are affected. Between the years 1967-2012, Israel has withdrawn Israeli residence permits from 14.263 Maqdisis, 116 people only in 2012. HEALTH: West Jerusalem (the Jewish dominated part of al-Quds) has 25 centers for Motherhood and Childhood, while there are only 4 in East Jerusalem which is inhabited by Maqdisis. Approximately 80-85% of adults and 90% of children of the Maqdisis who need psychiatric treatment, do not get it. Hospitals in al-Quds: In 2010, about 71.1% of the patients treated in al-Quds hospitals, were residents of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. After the construction of the expansion and annexation wall, and the restrictions imposed on the access of patients and medical staff from the West Bank, the number of patients dwindled and resulted in chronic fund deficit for these hospitals. Sanitation: Drainage wells overflows repeatedly, and cause serious health problems. JUDAISATION: In the period between December/ January and March/ March 2013 Israeli incursions increased in the city of al-Quds and Masjidul-aqsa including targeting the Dome of the Rock. The Israeli attacks also escalated on the Ma’manu-Allah cemetery, in sync with the Jewish holidays at the time of the Judaization of alQuds schemes continue unabated.
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These attacks on the historical Ma’manu-Allah cemetery and the neighboring Islamic shrines, have increased in attempt to judaiz al-Quds religiously and culturally. The occupation authorities bulldozed the ground of the cemetery, dug up the graves and started working on construction projects worth about $ 3 million in its place. DEMOGRAPHIC JUDAIZATION In the field of demographic Judaization, the number of Jewish settlements has increased significantly, this is reflected by the increase of parliamentary representation of the Israeli pro-settlements parties, and claiming ministerial portfolios in the government which made settlements in al-Quds a hot issue in the Israeli politics and on the ground. Concurrently, the Israeli government seeks to strengthen its hold on alQuds through building binary roads in the neighborhoods of al-Quds in order to link Jewish settlements, such street 4 in Beit Safafa and street 21 in Beit Hanina. INTRUSIONS: Last year, the number of intruders to the courtyards of Masjidul-aqsa mounted to about 11000 settlers and soldiers in their military uniform - in a military exploratory touring program. Israelis deliberately allowed about 300,000 foreign tourists into Masjidul-aqsa during the past year. Many of these tourists do not patronize the sanctity of Masjidul-aqsa, and many negative scenes were recorded which are not worthy of the inviolability and sanctity of Masjidul-aqsa including dances and rave and shameful acts.
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The opening of AL-QUDS (Jerusalem) in 636 AD, 15 AH (After Hijrah)
Revolution of Jaafa: May 1st, 1921
The Muslim Army could was defied in its attempt to open Jerusalem until after a long siege, its inhabitants agreed to sign a truce, but only on the condition that it was delivered by the leader of the believers Umar ibn Al-Khattab himself. So Umar then came to the doors of Masjid Al-Aqsa where he promptly signed an agreement of peace with the Christians, contingent upon the removal of the romans already there and an agreement to ban Jews from living there in the future. After that, he made his way towards the rock of the dome, placed it at his back, and prayed at the forefront of the masjid.
This revolution started in 1921 as a continuation of sorts to the prophet Musa uprising in al-Quds. It exploded into a struggle between the Palestinians on one side and the British Mandate and the Zionist forces on the other. As events increased in severity, the English temporarily put a stop to Jewish immigration into Palestine, assuring the Palestinians that they would not enforce any policy upon them that would go against their religious or political beliefs and will. This helped put the Arab world at ease for a time, but with continued efforts of Judaization, the revolution threatened to break out anew.
Liberation of al-Quds on October 2nd, 1187 AD (27/7/583 AH)
Palestinian Strike in Response to Belfour’s visit to Jerusalem: March 25th, 1925
After a long occupation of al-Quds at the hands of the crusaders, Salahudin Al-Ayyubi was able to unite Egypt and the lands of Sham (now known as Greater Syria) under one banner. Together, they marched in the direction of al-Quds with the intention of freeing it. The Crusader army went out to meet them but was defeated by Salahudin’s army in the decisive battle of Hiteen. Salahudin then laid siege on the city until he and his army of heroes finally entered the city on Friday October 2nd of the year 1187 AD (27/7/583 AH). Uprising on the Feast day of prophet Musa: April 4th, 1920 The uprising was sparked by Jewish aggression against those who were peacefully observing the annual feast day of the prophet Musa in Jerusalem on the 4th of April, 1920 and contributed to a series of clashes between the two groups that flared with alarming speed until it had spread throughout the entire city. The British authority declared martial law in response to the uprising and tried to control the situation. However despite their best efforts, the uprising continued until the 10 of April. The uprising called for the unification of Arabs, independence from the British, and an end to Jewish migration into Palestinian lands.
Until Belfour made his vows and promises to the Jews of a homeland in Palestine, no one could have imagined the extent of the Zionist plan and conspiracy against the Palestinians. The Arab world’s attitude regarding the Judaization of al-Quds remained one of cold indifference until clashes erupted between the two sides on March 25th 1925 when Palestine as a whole went on strike to protest the visit of Lord Belfour who had arrived for the opening of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. It is from this moment on that the plight of the Palestinians began to be taken seriously by the Arab world. Revolution of Buraaq: August 9th, 1921 In response to the relentless campaign of the Zionists to take control of the Wall of Buraaq (renamed by the Zionists as the “Wailing Wall”), Palestinians from many different cities and towns gathered together to pray at Masjid Al-Aqsa and protect the Wall of Buraaq. After they prayed in the masjid, they came out and began the revolution in earnest against the Zionist oppressors and the British Mandate, a revolution that end up spanning an entire year. This revolution was filled with important events, perhaps the most important of
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which was the commission of the Shaw Report in which it was Tunneling Protest 25/9/1996: confirmed that the Wall of Buraaq was an Islamic heritage site and This uprising was named thus in reference to the tunnel that was that the Jews had no right to it. dug by the occupying forces under Masjid Al-Aqsa and the surThe October Intifada: October 13, 1933 rounding buildings and Islamic sites on September 9th, 1996. This event is what ignited a powerful uprising that began in al-Quds After the British authority refused the request of the Arab Ex- and spread throughout the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Beecutive Committee to stop the immigration Jews into Palestine, cause of the force of the Palestinian’s protest, the Israeli occupiJerusalem was engulfed in a massive demonstration that quick- ers announced that the tunnel would not be used. Nonetheless ly escalated into a strike across most of Palestine. This uprising the tunnel remains open. was marked by huge protests in Yaafa led by the Arab Executive Committee. These protest resulted in violent clashes that led to Jerusalem Uprising 28/9/2000: the arrest of 12 Palestinian leaders, three of whom were memAfter Ariel Sharon and his forces barged his way into Masjid Albers of the Executive Committee. Aqsa wanting to make a statement as to the complete control 1936 – 39 Arab revolt in Palestine he has over it, the second Palestinian uprising, or Intifada, was sparked and spread through every town and city of Palestine. This revolt is considered to be among the biggest revolts in Pal- This Intifada was marked by a number of suicide bombings and estine against the British Mandate and the Zionist forces to ever by the solidarity of the Palestinians as the various factions united take place in the 20th century. It lasted continuously without and agreed that resistance against the occupation is the only sopause from 1936 until 1939. It was a full-throated expression of lution. The Palestinian-Israeli crisis then returned as the most imthe spirit of martyrdom and the insistence on Palestinian rights portant issue of the day after remaining stagnant for years under as was evidenced by its spread throughout the Palestinian the auspices of the so-called peace process. countryside and into its major cities. This precipitated a retraction and the reduced strength of the British Mandate in most Demand for the right of return 15/5/2011 of those major cities. On the anniversary of the Great Catastrophe (the initial 1984 occuThe First Intifada: December 8th, 1987 pation of Palestine), thousands of Palestinians and Arabs marched upon the borders of occupied Palestine chanting slogans of soliFirst ignited in the Gaza Strip, the first Intifada spread like wild- darity and a willingness to sacrifice themselves for the freedom of fire to al-Quds and thereafter to every town and city in Pales- al-Quds. The Israeli occupation forces guarding the borders could tine. With the passage of time, the intifada evolved into mass not stop or hold back against the will of the people to reach the civil disobedience, exemplified by attempts made at economic glorious mountain top of Palestine, so they aimed their hatred self-sufficiency. Its biggest impact was the recognition of the and their firepower at them. Twenty brave souls were martyred people of Palestine, made through the admission of the United that day and hundreds more were wounded. With this event, evStates and Israel that the people of the West Bank, the Gaza eryone could see that the day that Palestinians could finally return Strip, and al-Quds were a part of Palestine and thus Palestin- to their homelands was fast approaching and that the freeing of ians, not Jordanians as had previously been falsely asserted. al-Quds was going to come sooner rather than later.
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In order to understand the status of al-Quds (Jerusalem) in Islam, one must refer to the basic Islamic sources, namely the Holy Qur’an and the Sunna (the sayings and/or actions by Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him), with their respective supporting text. The Holy Qur’an There are many ayat (verses) in various sowar (chapters) that give an indication as to the status of Jerusalem in Islam, notably Surah XVII entitled Al-Isra’ (The Journey by Night), verse 1, wherein Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, ascended to Heaven in 621 CE (Common Era). Sunna Moreover, the Prophet, peace be upon him, has said: “Saddles should not be prepared except for three mosques—Al-Haram Mosque (in Mecca), my mosque (in Medina) and Al-Aqsa Mosque (in al-Quds).” The Prophet, peace be upon him added: “Prayers in Al-Haram Mosque are equal to 100,000 prayers; in my mosque 1,000; and in AlAqsa 500.” In another incident at the time of the Prophet, Abu Thar (may Allah be satisfied with him) asked Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, “Which mosque had been built first? The Prophet replied: Al-Haram, then Al-Aqsa was built 40 years later.” In another Hadith (a report conveying the sayings, actions or the approvals of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him) Abu Umama Al-bahily said that Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, said: “There are still a group of Muslims victorious by Right and superior to their foes until the Orders of Allah come. When asked where are they, the Prophet replied: In al-Quds and its neighbourhood.” These aforementioned texts clearly show that Masjdul -AlAqsa is: The location of the ascent of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him the first kiblah for Muslims one of the three holy mosques to be visited the second mosque to be built on the globe a holy and sacred place where the reward for good deeds and actions are multiplied and sins are forgiven.
A Hajj Starting Point Owing to its holiness and status, Muslims consider Jerusalem a holy shrine and a blessed place. They prepared their horses to visit this holy place and pray there; they would begin their pilgrimage from this place; and they have taken care of it throughout history. The Second Righteous Caliph, Omar ibn AlKhatab began his pilgrimage from Al-Aqsa, as well as Sa’ad ibn Abi Waqqas, the leader of Al-Qadessia Battle, as well as other Companions, namely Abdallah ibn Omar, Abdallah ibn Abbas and Mahmoud ibn Al-Rabe’ Al-Ansari Al-Khazraji. Visits of the Sahabah and Renowned Ulama Furthermore, many Companions and Fiqh (knowledge of the rulings of Islamic law which are extracted from the legislative sources) scholars visited Al-Aqsa, and some of them remained there because of its holiness, which in turn had a great influence on Islamic culture and ideology. Some of the Companions and Fiqh scholars were Abu Obeideh ibn Al-Jarrah, Safia bint Huyay (one of the wives of the Prophet, peace be upon him), Ma’ath ibn Jabal, Bilal ibn Rabah (the Prophet’s Mu’adhan, who refused to make the Adhan (call to prayer) after the Prophet had died until Jerusalem was conquered]), Eyad ibn Ghneim, Abdallah ibn Omar, Khaled ibn Al-Waleed, Abu Thar Al-Ghafari, Abu Al-Darda’ E’weimer, Ubadeh ibn Al-Samet, Salman Al-Faresy, Abu Mas’oud AlAnsari, Tameem Al-Dary, Umr ibn Al-A’as, Abdallah ibn Salam, Sa’id ibn Zeid, Murra ibn Ka’ab, Shaddad ibn Aws, Abu Hureira, Abdallah ibn Umr ibn Al-A’as, Mu’awia ibn Abi Sufian, Awf ibn Malek and Abu Jum’a Al-Ansari. Moreover, numerous followers and great scholars visited and stayed in Al-Quds, including such individuals as Malek ibn Dinar, Oweis Al-Qarny, Ka’ab Al-Ahbar, Rabe’a Al-Adaweya, Al-Awza’e, Sufian Al-Thawry, Ibrahim ibn Adaham, Muqatel ibn Sufian, Al-Laith ibn Sa’ad, Wakee’ ibn Al-Jarrah, Al-Imam Al-Shafe’e, Abu Ja’afar Al-Jarashy, Beshr Al-Hafy, Thawban ibn Yamrud, Thunoon AlMasry, Salim ibn Amer, Al-Sary Al-Saqty, Bakr ibn Sahl Al-Demiaty, Abu Al-Awam (the mu’dhan in al-Quds), Salama Al-Muqdes Al-Dareer, Abu Al-Faraj Abdelwahed Al-Hanbaly, Al-Imam AlGhazaly, Al-Imam Abu Bakr Al-Tartoush, Al-Imam Abu Bakr Al-
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Araby, Abu Bakr Al-Jurjany, Abu Al-Hasan Al-Zahry, and many others. On the other hand, many caliphs visited Al-quds such as Umar ibn Al-Khatab, Mu’awiah ibn Abi Sufian, Abdil-Malek ibn Marwan, Umar ibn Abdil-Aziz, Al-Walid ibn Abdil-Malek, Sulaiman ibn Abdil-Malek (who stayed in Al-Quds for a long time and was about to take it as a capital instead of Damascus), Abu Ja’far Al-Mansur, Khalif Al-Mahdi and many other Ayyoubi, Mamlouki and Ottoman caliphs as well. Muslim Rulers Reverence Furthermore, several caliphs used to clean the Dome of the Rock and sprayed it with rose water by themselves, namely Al-Thaher Beibars, Al-Malek Al-Adel Zein Al-Deen Katbugha Al-Mansoury, Al-Malek Al-Naser Moh’d ibn Qalawoon and his brother Sultan Hassan, Al-Malek Al-Thaher Barqooq, Al-Malek Al-Ashraf Bersbye, Enal and Qaitbye, Sultans Suleiman Al-Qanouny, Mahmoud II, Abde-Majeed, Abdel-Aziz, Abdel-Hamid II, as well as many others. The Connection between the Holy Shrine in Mecca and Al-Aqsa Mosque Consequently, there is an intimate connection between the Holy Shrine in Mecca and Masjidul-Aqsa because Ibrahim, the Father of all Prophets (peace be upon them all), had built the Kaaba in Mecca but he was buried in al-khalil (Hebron) near al-Quds. Muslims—Not Jews—Have the Right to Defend al-Quds Muslims strongly believe that al-Quds and its surrounding neighbourhood is holy land which can never be given up because it is a part of their faith. Muslims are the only people who believe in all the Prophets (peace be upon them all) from the time of Adam through to Prophet Muhammed (peace be upon him). There is not even one statement in either the Qur’an or Sunna that attributes any sins or misdeeds committed by any of them. In addition, a Muslim’s faith will not be perfect unless they believe in all of the Prophets (Surat Al-Baqarah [The Cow],
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ayat 136 and 285, as well as tens of verses in the Holy Qur’an which honour all of them because they have all brought the same message to mankind) . Thus, all Muslims are obligated to defend all religious places wherever they are because Muslims are the best and most honourable nation ever created for Mankind (Surat Al-Imran [The Family of Imran], verse 110; and Surat Al-Hajj [The Pilgrimage], ayah 78). The Land of the Prophets of Islam On the other hand, Muslims still consider the places where God spoke to Musa; where Dawoud and Solaiman repented to God and where the mountains and birds had been put in their service; where Ishac asked his sons to bury him; and where Christ was born, spoke in the cradle, the banquet was descended from the Heavens, where he was raised to the Heavens and where Mariam passed away, as holy places to be guarded. This is the real and sincere attitude of all Muslims toward al-Quds, which shows their appreciation and respect for all Prophets and their holy places as an immense historical and religious responsibility. On the contrary to this honourable attitude, the Jews have been rude and aggressive toward all Prophets (peace be upon them all). They have changed and deformed all the real teachings and texts of the Bible. Muslims all over the world feel this responsibility because Muslims are ordered to defend and protect all of the Prophets’ legacy and heritage, and they must fight any Jewish attempt to deform and forge the truth and facts about these human issues. * Based on an article titled “The Status of Jerusalem in Islam” by Dr. Abdel-Haleem E’weis
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