SUZHOU RIVER HEALING PLAN: CONNECTING A MISSING LINK FOR HEALTHY AGEING by Yaotian Chen

SUZHOU RIVER HEALING PLAN: CONNECTING A MISSING LINK FOR HEALTHY AGEING - STAGE 1

University of Sheffield Landscape Department Yaotian Chen

Making use of the historic heritages to revitalise the riverfront against in the context of ageing

URBAN ANALYSIS

AGEING DATA & GREEN SPACES PUDONG AIRPORT

BEIJING (5hrs HSR)

(20 KM)

CENTRAL CITY AREA

STUDY AREA

HONGQIAO RAILWAY STATION

HONGQIAO AIRPORT

SHANGHAI SOUTH RAILWAY STATION

GUANGZHOU (7hrs HSR) RAILWAY LINES

METRO LINES

CITY ROADS

600 1200

Roaming Exercising Seeing Plantings

Time to the nearest park

20 - 30 min

10 - 20 min

Jiuzi Park

ACTIVITIES:

Roaming Exercising Seeing Plantings Resting Gaming

Existing green spaces

Creative Industrial Park

The Bund

Jingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an sculpture park

ACTIVITIES:

Jing an sculpture park

Roaming Exercising Exhibition Meeting Catering Staying

MAIN USERS: Residents Businessmen White Collar Tourists Teenagers

ACTIVITIES:

Ever-bright city park

Roaming Exercising Chatting Resting

MAIN USERS:

Daguanyuan park

Residents Teenagers The Elderly

Residents Children

Available from:doi.org/10.3390/su11226521 Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19860539

High-end residential area (proposed)

Residents

Creative Industrial Park

2400M

MAIN USERS:

Comprehensive area of commercial and business

ACTIVITIES:

Daguanyuan park

Roaming Exercising Fishing

Tourists

30% - 54%

ACTIVITIES:

Jiuzi Park

MAIN USERS:

22% - 29%

Ever-bright city park 0

16% - 21%

STUDY AREA: 401 hectares SITE DESCRIPTION Suzhou River is the mother river of Shanghai, with abundant human resources and riverside water landscape, which is a rare urban open space in dense cities. After 2015, Jing'an and Zhabei were integrated into a widder Jing'an District. For a long time, the Suzhou River has become a geographical and psychological barrier. The prosperous Jing'an District on the south bank is in stark contrast to the marginalized Zhabei District on the north bank. After the merger of the two districts, the two sides of the Suzhou River ushered in a new opportunity, and the 14-kilometer riverside location in the city center is expected to be integrated.

Roaming Sightseeing Ceremony Concert

8.9% - 15%

LOCATION: Suzhou river, Jingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an District and Huangpu District, Shanghai, China

SHANGHAI RAILWAY STATION

ACTIVITIES:

The Bund

Ageing ratio (>65 years old), 2010

Financial business area

Living area

4.7M 3.70M 5.2M

Underused Spaces

Living area

High-end residential area

Central Business area

3.60M

4.7M

3.6M

5.2M

3.5M 2.0M 16.0M

5.0M

South Suzhou Road

Complex of commercial, business and residential

3.60M 3.60M

5.2M

5.7M

50.0M

8.0M

Suzhou River

2.0M 4.0M 20.0M

4.0M

B1 2.0M

2.0M

4.0M 4.0M 12.0M

2.0M

10.0M

2.0M 3.5M

3.5M 2.0M 16.0M

East Kangding Road

North Suzhou Road

5.0M

5.7M 4.7M

3.7M

3.0M

A1 3.5M

5.7M

3.0M

A 2.0M

5.7M

3.7M

3.0M

Cultural and entertainment Complex of commercial, entertainment and business

5.7M

3.6M

Land use

Financial and business

5.7M

50.0M

8.0M

Suzhou River

2.0M 4.0M 20.0M

4.0M

2.0M

C1 1.5M 3.50M

Guangfu Road

3.50M 2.0M 15.5M

5.0M

South Suzhou Road

50M Suzhou River

8.0M

14.0M

4.0M

2.0M

Guangfu Road

Low-rise residential Multi-storey residential

High-end residential area (proposed)

Comprehensive area of commercial and business

High-rise residential Cultural and entertainment Green space Education and scientific research

HISTORIC HERITAGES

300

600

1200M

SWOT ANALYSIS

Barcelona

Preserved Historic Buildings Historic Buildings with Preservation Values

PRECEDENT STUDIES

Russian Consulate Broadway Mansions Hotel

source from: http://ghzyj.sh.gov.cn/ghsp/ghsp/shj/200208/t20020807_181513.html

GOVERNMENT POLICIES

The Embankment Estuary Historic Building Protection Area

115m x 115m Dense Block with Courtyard Since Cerda grid was applied in 1859, the Barcelona government controled that the density of neighbourhoods must not exceed 50%, and the spaces left were opened for garden. The courtyard in the middle of each block is also a green area for passengers. In the plan, each courtyard is planted with big trees and shared with other people in the city. This not only allows urban residents to have their own yards, but also communicate with others.

Coastal slow network PROPOSED ELEVATED ROADS/BRIDGES LIGHT RAIL LINES/STOPS EXISTING ELEVATED ROADS/BRIDGES

Public space into a network

Zhejiang Road and Wuzhen Road Historical Building Protection Area

Vibrant city functions

Somekh Appartments Bank of China Building Yokohama Specie Bank Yifeng Galleria Glen Line Building

Publicity of the Waterfront Interface Humanistic city - Waterfront recreation venues that are harmony, fascinating, reflecting the city's cultural heritage.

Sihang Warehouse

Yangtze Insurance Building

Basic network Local network

Living area High-end residential area Comprehensive area of commercial and business Financial business area Existing green spaces Proposed green spaces

Cleaner Water

Yifeng Galleria 1911

The Embankment House 1935 Former Consulate-General of the United Kingdom, Shanghai Building 1849 Yokohama Specie Bank1924

Coastal Ecological Space Ecological Technology

General Post Office 1924

Bank of China Building 1937

Huqiu Apartment 1924

Yee Tsoong Tobacco Co. Building 1920 Bank of China Building 1932

Somekh Appartments1933

Source from: Source from: http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/newshanghai/xxgkfj/2035004.pdf Source from: http://ghzyj.sh.gov.cn/hdpt/gzcy/sj/201808/P020180823633440944805.pdf

Glen Line Building 1922

Neighbourhoods

The randomly located service area and administrative complexes, leading to the fragmentation of spaces.

Strengths Green infrastructure

Ecological resources distribute along the site such as the vegetation and wildlife. Enough open and semi-open spaces that distribute in the site.

Threats

Mobility

High density of residents and communities Huge people and traffic flow around the station and the bund

The high accessibiliy to the site from other cities (by train) and other places of the city (by cars, bicycles or public transports)

Heritages

The protection of historic heritages

The high value of historic heritages existing along the river.

source from: http://www.sustainablecities.eu/fileadmin/templates/esc/lib/transformative_actions//_utility/tools/push_resource_file.php?uid=dd9bf772

Junction square between basic and local network streets Junction square between local network streets

Junction between basic network streets Point of public interest

High ageing ratio communities

Policy 1: To regenerate the high density domestic urban fabrics with historic values and transform the blocks in low quality through 3rd party redevelopment.

Broadway Mansions Hotel 1934 Yangtze Insurance Building 1918

The low comfort and convenience of slow crossing the river; The low continuity of Waterfront Slow Moving Space; The low connection with attraction points in riverside hinterland and slow passage of rail transit stations.

NEW POLICIES

source from: https://urbanland.uli.org/planning-design/barcelonas-experiment-superblocks/

Russian Consulate 1896

Cultural Gathering Green city - The rivers are organically integrated into the ecological network, and ecological construction is closely related to the daily life of citizens.

Accessibility

Issue 1: High ageing population communites The living area defined by the governmet is in the high ratio of ageing population, which is also in the type of high density.

Banque de l'Indochine Building 1875

Land uses

Historical style protection area and historical style protection neighborhood can be transformed into the mixed-use; Repairing and recreating the historic buildings around the river to develop the visiting lines on both the land and river.

source from : http://ghzyj.sh.gov.cn/ghsp/ghsp/shj/200208/t20020807_181513.html

Pujiang Hotel 1846

The visual and physical connection of vegetation with the surrounding built environment is weak; The lack of green belt in a lot of riverside spaces.

400 Metres

Banque de l'Indochine Building

Jardine Matheson Building

Jardine Matheson Building 1922

The seasonality of vegetation is weak;

The irregularly shaped street grids lead to the inefficiency of neighbourhoods interaction.

Cultural regeneration

Expand Focus Protection Objects Historical Buildings Regenera-

BELOW GRADE METRO LINES/STOPS

Parks and greenways can be set up in small-scale multi-site public event venues to increase the density of activity nodes; Creating attractive open spaces, meeting the needs of public activities of more types and age groups

source from: http://www.sustainablecities.eu/fileadmin/templates/esc/lib/transformative_actions//_utility/tools/push_resource_file.php?uid=dd9bf772

Rich Water Activities

GRADE BUS STOPS STATION/RAILYARD PRIMARY ROADS

Green infrastructure

Optimizing the layout of river crossings,strengthen the function of the public space of the bridge deck and the space under the bridge

Pujiang Hotel

Riverside spatial connectivity

PROPOSED PEDESTRAIN BRIDGES

Connectivity enhancement

Social engagement

Vibrant city - Living, employment, and showy features are highly complex in time and space.

ABOVE GRADE

Weaknesses

Increasing the continuity of the waterfront slow running space to achieve the connection of the waterfront walking track and the jogging track;

Former Consulate-General of the United Kingdom, ShanghaiBuilding General Post Office

Opportunities

Superblocks: A Change in City Model Some streets are tasked with channelling vehicle traffic, others are pedestrianised and green and connect green spaces, neighbourhoods and points of interest while others are free for public functions, linked to living and neighbourhood life. A superblock will consist of nine existing blocks of the grid. Car, scooter, lorry and bus traffic will then be restricted to just the roads in the superblock perimeters, and they will only be allowed in the streets in between if they are residents or providing local businesses, and at a greatly reduced speed of 10km/h (typically the speed limit across the city is 50km/h, and 30km/h in specific areas). source from: http://www.sustainablecities.eu/fileadmin/templates/esc/lib/transformative_actions//_utility/tools/push_resource_file.php?uid=dd9bf772

Issue 3: Inefficiency of neighbourhoods

There are 3 neighbourhoods along the river in which people have to spend 20 30 minutes to arrive a park, the typology of the blocks and streets causes the issue of mobility inefficiency.

Communities to the nearest park (time spent above 20 mins by walking)

Issue 2: Discontinuity of blocks The viaduct and river cut the the surroudning urban districts into 4 quadrants, leading to the inconvenience and insecurity for pedestrains.

4 blocked urban districts

Policy 2: To re-connect the neighbourhoods through a shared link in the type of parks built under the viaduct and develop the commercial corridor along the viaduct based on 4 surrounding metro stations and historic regeneration neighbourhoods.

Policy 3: To redevelop a new street grids through regularly shaped streets and complete blocks and replace some low quality buildings by small scale parks in the courtyards of communities. Issue 4: Fragmentation of urban spaces The brownfields and shabby industrial buildings randomly located throughout the river site lead to the fragmentation and low efficiency use of spaces.

Underused spaces

Policy 4: To integrate the public service functions into particular residential areas and replace the industrial buildings and brownfields by green sapces or better commercial land development.

STRATEGIC PLAN

STRATEGIES

University of Sheffield Landscape Department Yaotian Chen

1. Interpretation of rich cultural and industrial history

Everbright City Park A C

A1 B1

1.1.3 1.1.2 1.1.1

Jing'an Sculpture Park

300

600

1200M

300 600m

Proposed Green Links

Existing Green Spaces

Large Scale Park Under Construction

1.1 Historic Neighbourhoods Regener-

Proposed Pedestrian Street

Proposed Green Spaces

High-rise Communities Under Construction

1.1.1 Tai’he Neighbourhood （Alley Renovation + Pocket Park）

Existing Green Corrdior

Proposed Super Blocks

Under-Bridge Landscapes

Proposed Green Corrdior

Commercial Pedestrian Corridor

Existing Green Corrdior

Existing Green Spaces

Preserved Historic Buildings

Proposed Green Corrdior

Proposed Green Spaces

Historic Buildings with Preservation Values

1.2 Industrial Heritage Corridor Strategies 1.2.1 A - A1 North Suzhou Road & South Suzhou Road （Open Steps）

3. Park Neighbourhoods Re-imagination

2. Transform Barriers to Equitable Access-

Union Church Built in 1886

Broadway Mansions Built in 1934 Rowing Club Built in 1905

Garden Bridge Built in 1907

https://www.cgarchitect.com/features/articles/1326e296-inspiration-facades-vol-1

1.1.2 Pingdeli Neighbourhood （Alley Renovation）

Everbright City Park

A1 0

10m

1.2.2 B- B1 North Suzhou Road & South Suzhou Road Business Club Built in 1906

Jing'an Sculpture Park

Yanqingli Fashion Centre Built in 1929

https://www.gooood.cn/capella-jianyeli-shanghai-by-kokaistudios.htm

300 600m

Under-Bridge Landscapes

2.1 Commercial Pedestrian Corridor Developing the commercial pedestrain street to form required safer and legible accesses to connect two existing parks on the two sides of Suzhou river (Jing'an Sculpture Park and Everbright City Park).

Existing Green Spaces

Commercial Pedestrian Corridor

2.2 Northbank Under-Bridge LandCreating new pedestrian spaces to connect the east and west neighborhoods to large green spaces.

300 600m

High Ageing Zone

Existing Green Spaces

Large Scale Park Under Construction

Proposed Green Links

Proposed Small Scale Parks

High-rise Communities Under Construction

Proposed Pedestrian Street

Proposed Super Blocks

1.1.3 Yanqingli & Zundeli Neighbourhood

3.1 Green Links Grid

3.2 Small Scale Parks

3.3 Super Blocks

Creating partnerships that expand their 'scope' into the broader network of open spaces, connecting distinct parks, streetscapes and open spaces within the ageing neighbourhood into a unified green whole.

Re-imagining high density neighbourhoods in downtown with small scale parks at their core. Improving public parks as a forum for civic life, including colourful cultural and commercial uses.

Developing the streets of the proposed super blocks that with a high ageing population and low accessbility to the parks into a slow streets that contain more green spaces and public facilities.

10m

1.2.3 C - C1 Guangfu Road & South Suzhou Road Foo Sing Flour Mills Built in 1912

Art-Deco Style Warehouse Built in 1933

http://www.terrain-nyc.net/index/#/archipelago-courtyard/ source from: https://urbanland.uli.org/planning-design/barcelonas-experiment-superblocks/

https://www.behance.net/gallery/42820727/SAN-Architectural-Visualization

https://aasarchitecture.com/2017/07/boston-seaport-square-master-plan-kpf.html/

https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/229120699777993566/

10m

SUZHOU RIVER HEALING PLAN: CONNECTING A MISSING LINK FOR HEALTHY AGEING - STAGE 2 Making use of the historic heritages to revitalise the riverfront against in the context of ageing

DESIGN THEORIES

CASE STUDY Longnan Garden Social Housing Estate, Shanghai, China / by Atelier GOM

The Health of Elderly People

(Marques, McIntosha and Kershaw, 2019) Types 1. Physical Health 2. Mental Health 3. Social Health

Healing landscape

(Cooper and Barnes, 1999)

Benfits

1. Physical Symptoms Relief 2. Stress Reduction 3. Sense of Well-being Improvement

Corridors The linear corridor passes through courtyards, and from dark to daylight, the lighting shifts. It also connects those community rooms on the second floor, providing a level other than the ground for social activities and linking separate commercial spaces and the roof platform.

SWOT ANALYSIS

Courtyard Instead of the high-rise, low-density, and determinant model of residential properties, addressing the effect of residential height and density on comfort living. Enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces combined in the courtyards.

SITE ANALYSIS

Types 1. Healing Garden (Stigsdotter and Grahn, 2002) 1.1 Stress Reduction (Ulrich, 1999) 1.1.1 Sense of Control A garden provides multiple choices allowed individual to make 1.1.2 Social Support A garden provides gathering space and stimulate social interactions 1.1.3 Physical Movement & Exercise A garden provides low-impact physical activities, such as walking, wheeled mobility and physical rehabilitation 1.1.4 Positive Natural Distractions A garden provides visual exposure to nature

1.2 Attention Restoration (Marcus and Sachs, 2013) 1.2.1 Coherence A garden organizes the elements and spaces logically and consistently, giving people a sense of wholeness 1.2.2 Legibility A garden provides a clear layout and markable features for wayfinding. The legibility of the place guarantees venerable groups exploring the garden by themselves, with less direct attention. 1.2.3 Mystery A garden provides an exploration and discovery for individuals. 1.2.4 Complexity A garden provides rich landscape features, different sensory experiences and various spaces for different demanding.

2. Horticultural Therapy (Stigsdotter and Grahn, 2002) 2.1 Rewarding Activities 2.2 Physical Activities 2.3 Educational Activities

Theories Outcomes C

Unique Space Characters Closing space with multiple characters makes the space distinctive, making it simple for aged people to recognise sites.

Visual & Physical Accessibility Physical links are required to access green spaces, visual connections help reduce the anxiety as well

Clear Layout The elderly are easy and safe to find their way through a clear and simple layout.

Microclimate Making use of the green and blue elements to form a more comfortable microclimate for the senstive elderly people.

Heritages Reservation Historical heritages in the site make the elderly form a sense of belonging and collective identity.

River Corridor Restoration The restoration of the river corridor gives the elderly a familiar emotion link to the environment.

Enclosure Sites Enclosure improves the mental safety and sense of privacy.

Rest Spots A denser rest spots grid make the elderly poeple with reduced mobility are able to cross the site.

Spatial Hierachy Separating the private, semi-public and public spaces gives the privacy for perticular group in the site.

Mutiple Natural Elements The multiple natural elements help the elederly poeple release negative emotions and allow them experience various scene in short distances.

Sports Spaces Easily accessing the sports facility helps the elderly people improve their physical health.

Social Spaces Mentally attaching the site by interactions with their family, friends or even stangers helps the elderly reduce the sense of loneliness.

https://www.gooood.cn/longnan-garden-social-housing-estate-by-atelier-gom.htm

University of Sheffield Landscape Department Yaotian Chen

MASTERPLAN Sihang Warehouse branch, built in 1931

Foo Sing Flour Mills, Built in 1912

Sihang Warehouse, built in 1931

University of Sheffield Landscape Department Yaotian Chen

PLAN DIAGRAMS

LANDSCAPE TYPES

Sihang Warehouse branch, built in 1931

Sports

Program Commercial

Places to be with family

Residential

Markable features

Office Public Amenity

Social interactions

Clear layout

Physical movement

Cultural 0

50 100

200m Healing Garden

Markable features

Sports

Rich landscape features Exposure to nature Exploration Logically organized elements

A1 Healing Garden

Riverfront

Social interactions Clear layout Rich landscape features Physical movement Comfortablility

Riverfront

Places to be with family Exploration

Street

150M

Clear layout Sense of security Comfortablility

SECTIONS

Hoticultural

Exposure to nature

Commrcial

Social interactions Various spaces for different demanding Comfortablility

A1 0

Pedestrian Streets Existing Buidlings

10m

Constructing Buidlings Proposed Buidlings Elderly People Flow Proposed Senior Flats

Commercial

Social interactions Markable features Exposure to nature Sense of security

B1 0

10m

C1 0

10m

SUZHOU RIVER HEALING PLAN: CONNECTING A MISSING LINK FOR HEALTHY AGEING

University of Sheffield Landscape Department Yaotian Chen

Making use of the historic heritages to revitalise the riverfront against in the context of ageing PROJECT SUMMARY

REFERENCES LIST

MOTIVATION As the mother river of Shanghai, for a long time, Suzhou River has become a geographical and psychological barrier. With the degree of aging society increases, the barriers caused by the infrastructure, from bridges to highway interchanges isolated green spaces and blocks became a big challenge for the elderly people.

Online Publications

AIM Against the background of increasing aging, this project is dedicated to create an open space and green network along the Suzhou River that leverages the underused spaces and unique circumstances of its historical industrial neighbourhoods to revitalise the riverfront and create links with surrounding neighbourhoods, cultivating equity, mobility and resilience-based public spheres. The completion of this project marks Shanghai as the earliest industrial image in China has been reshaped into a humane, convenient and healthy model of contemporary age-friendly international urban life. VISION 1. Interpretation of rich cultural and industrial history The green network connects important historical resources in the site, including unique attractions and industrial relics that can be used to construct public places, and creates opportunities for the connection of the two existing important parks (Jing'an Sculpture Park and Everbright City Park). The trail along the lake adds open community space and facilities on the basis of the long-standing industrial relics, and brings the urban vitality interface facing the Suzhou river bank and the industrial sites along the line to the public. 2. Park Neighbourhoods Re-imagination Re-imagine neighbourhoods in Downtown with parks at their core. Improving public parks as a forum for civic life and creating partnerships that expand their 'scope' into the broader network of open spaces, connecting distinct parks, streetscapes and open spaces within the neighbourhood into a unified green whole that honours the essence of the area's history and heals civic life. 3. Transform barriers to equitable accesses Safer and legible accesses are required to connect two existing parks on the one side of Suzhou river (Jing'an Sculpture Park and Everbright City Park), reaching the 2 parks by walking from the nearby communities of another side takes nearly 40 minutes. The vision for the future links is to create more new pedestrian bridges and green paths connecting the neighborhood to large green spaces.

China, Shanghai Municipal people's government., (2018). 上海市城市总体规划 (2017-2035)图集 [online]. Shanghai: Shanghai Municipal people's government. [viewed 1 December]. Available from: http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/newshanghai/xxgkfj/2035002.pdf China, Shanghai planning and land resource administration., (2018). DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR HUANGPU RIVER AND SUZHOU RIVER [online]. Shanghai: Shanghai planning and land resource administration. [viewed 12 December]. Available from: http://ghzyj.sh.gov.cn/hdpt/gzcy/ sj/201808/P020180823633440944805.pdf Zhang, F., (2009). THE INFLUENCE OF POPULATION DEVELOPMENT ON GOVERNMENTAL PUBLIC SERVICES IN JINGAN DISTRICT, SHANGHAI [online] [viewed 13 December]. Available from: http://kreader.cnki.net/Kreader/CatalogViewPage.aspx?dbCode=cdmd&filena me=2010206081.nh&tablename=CMFD2011&compose=&first=1&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhUSFJPYWdUd1llYUVIT0lSY2lqZkdmeGVja z0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!! Fan, Y., (2016). Study on the service level of green park space based on GIS in urban living space -- a case of Shanghai city [online] [viewed 13 December]. Available from: http://kreader.cnki.net/Kreader/CatalogViewPage.aspx?dbCode=cdmd&filename=1016126270.nh&tablename=CMFD 201701&compose=&first=1&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVTFPV2k1dEowVnptUXh3YTdxVERqdHlIckFqRT0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCY cEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!! Wang, D., (2010). A study on Shanghai urban residential spatial structure during institutional change [online] [viewed 14 December]. Available from: http://kreader.cnki.net/Kreader/CatalogViewPage.aspx?dbCode=cdmd&filename=1011034641.nh&tablename=CDFD0911&compose=&first= 1&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVTFPV2k1dEowVnptUXh3YTdxVERqdHlIckFqRT0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwk F4VYPoHbKxJw!! Chen, H., (2016). 上海市中心城区休闲设施空间分布及其影响因素研究 [online] [viewed name=1016128953.nh&tablename=CMFD201701&compose=&first=1&uid=WEEvREcwSlJH vQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!

December].

Available

from:http://kreader.cnki.net/ Kreader/CatalogViewPage.aspx?dbCode=cdmd&fileSldTTEYzVTFPV2k1dEowVnptUXh3YTdxVERqdHlIckFqRT0=$9A4hF_YAu-

Angioletta, V., (2020). Land use policy. The River agreement in Italy. Resilient planning for the co-evolution of communities and landscapes [online]. 91. [viewed 16 December]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104377 Shanghai City Management and Administrative Execution Bureau., (2019). 苏州河中心城段两岸绿化景观提升导则GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVING THE GREENING LANDSCAPE ON BOTH SIDES OF SUZHOU RIVER ON CITY CENTRAL SECTION [online]. Available from: http://lhsr.sh.gov.cn/sites/lhsr-m/xxgk_content.ashx?ctgId=4213ab84-29e2-4d3a-b8e0-d5617015caf9&infId=5e3a68d2-ba24-44b9-bb0b-87fbeee7233d SHANGHAI RESEARCH CENTER ON AGING., (2018). 2018 年上海市老年人口和老龄事业监测统计信息 [online]. Available from: http://101.227.181.183:9100/img/15592795417562018%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E8%80%81%E9%BE%84%E4%B A%8B%E4%B8%9A%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF20190509.pdf American Society of Landscape Architects., (2018). DESIGN FOR RETIREMENT AND HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENTS REPORT [online]. Available from: http://host.asla.org/groups/tgdpigroup Hoa, N., (2018). Curating a green landscape for active ageing [online]. Available from: https://lkycic.sutd.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2019/09/Note-2-Curating-a-Green-Landscape-for-Active-Ageing_HN.pdf Government office for science., (2016). Future of an Ageing Population [online]. Available from: http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3

Websites https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=16/31.2412/121.4601 https://www.gooood.cn/suzhou-creek-shanghai-by-sasaki.htm http://shiftinggears.sasaki.com/#/physical https://archive.shine.cn/metro/society/Historic-Suzhou-Creek-riverside-area-set-for-upmarket-makeover/shdaily.shtml https://www.shobserver.com/news/detail?id=101567 http://ghzyj.sh.gov.cn/ghsp/ghsp/shj/200208/t20020807_181513.html https://mooool.com/chicago-riverwalk-by-sasaki.html https://www.gooood.cn/chicago-riverwalk-expansion-by-sasaki.htm?lang=en https://www.gooood.cn/piggyback-yard-feasibility.htm

THEORIES 1. Health and Cares The need for families and friends to provide support for people would increase, discussing the health and delivering unpaid support would be crucial to ensuring that this need is sustainably fulfilled. 2. Housing and Neighbourhoods Housing in the sense of broader community should be considered. Accessibility and social cohesion are two of the main factors influencing the way older residents view their community 3. Physical and social connectivity Inclusive design of the urban environment could allow elderly residents to access their community and surrounding spaces, resulting in higher rates of engagement, better health and life quality. Source from: http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3

https://wenku.baidu.com/view/75a0648fb9d528ea81c779f2.html

http://www.jingan.gov.cn/xxgk/016003/016003002/20110523/d85f56ca-5136-4a25-afa0-38d824e8b500.html

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Literatures Yu, W.; Sun, B.; Hu, H. Sustainable Development Research on the Spatial Differences in the Elderly Suitability of Shanghai Urban Parks. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6521. [online]. Available from:doi.org/10.3390/su11226521 data from: https://doi-org.sheffield.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/0308518X19860539 Ouyang, L., Yin, Z., Wang, D., (2019). Visualizing disparities in park access for the elderly in Shanghai, China. [online]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19860539 Marques, B., McIntosha, J. and Kershaw, C. (2019). Healing spaces: improving health and wellbeing for the elderly through therapeutic landscape design. International Journal of Arts and Humanities, [online] 03(02). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331638162_Healing_spaces_improving_health_and_wellbeing_for_the_elde rly_through_therapeutic_landscape_design

APPROACHES 1. Regenerating the high density domestic urban fabrics and industrial heritages with historic values to commercial districts through the refurbishment and gardens. 2. Improving public parks as a forum for civic life and linking them to the broader open space network. Connecting distinct parks, streetscapes and open spaces in the neighbourhood into a cohesive green whole which celebrates the heritage character of the area and promotes community life. 3. Improving the distinctive characteristics of the most emblematic streets in downtown and rendering them excellent civic places and connectors, re-establishing Qufu road and its branches as green links for the healing landscape area, integrating with existing parks, and other open spaces.

Ulrich, R. S. (1999). “Effects of Gardens on Health Outcomes: Theory and Research.” in Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations edited by C. Cooper Marcus and M. Barnes. [image]. Barnes. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 37. Stigsdotter, U. and Grahn, P. (2002). What makes a garden a healing garden. Journal of therapeutic Horticulture, 13(2), pp.60-69. Ulrich, R. S. (1999). “Effects of Gardens on Health Outcomes: Theory and Research.” in Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations edited by C. Cooper Marcus and M. Barnes. [image]. Barnes. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 37. Marcus, C.C. and Sachs, N.A., 2013. Therapeutic landscapes: An evidence-based approach to designing healing Liu, S., (2019). Landscape, a healer for the elderly, explore a salutogenetic and activating living environment for the elderly [online]. Available from: http://edepot.wur.nl/510251

Images https://www.cgarchitect.com/features/articles/1326e296-inspiration-facades-vol-1 https://www.gooood.cn/capella-jianyeli-shanghai-by-kokaistudios.htm http://www.terrain-nyc.net/index/#/archipelago-courtyard/ https://urbanland.uli.org/planning-design/barcelonas-experiment-superblocks/ https://aasarchitecture.com/2017/07/boston-seaport-square-master-plan-kpf.html/ https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/229120699777993566/ https://www.behance.net/gallery/42820727/SAN-Architectural-Visualization http://www.sustainablecities.eu/fileadmin/templates/esc/lib/transformative_actions//_utility/tools/push_resource_file.php?uid=dd9bf772