Ain Shams University Urban Planning & Design Department
HELIOPOLIS TRANSFORMATION This research is a part of fourth year students work in Urban Planning Course 2015/2016
Teaching Staff: Prof. Shafak El Wakil Assoc. Prof. Ahmed Shetawy Assoc. Prof. Yehya Serag Asst. Prof. Dina Maarouf
DISCLAIMER
DISCLAIMER
Heliopolis Transformation
This research is the outcome of four weeks intensive work by students of the fourth year in Urban Planning and Design Department 2015/2016 ,in Cairo ,Egypt GROUP 1 NAMES:
GROUP 2 NAMES:
GROUP 3 NAMES:
GROUP 4 NAMES:
1. Esraa Abdel-Rahim
1. Abd El-Rahman Yousry
1. Abd elrahman Hisham
1. Alshaimaa Ali
2. Ayman Ramadan
2. Aya Mohamed Ali
2. Adham Mostafa
2. Hady Hamza
3. Doaa Magdy
3. Dalia Hassan
3. Alshimaa Ashraf
3. Lina Yasser
4. Safaa Taha
4. Khaled Abd El-Mouniem
4. Osama Mahmoud
4. Mayar Hussein
5. Abdulrahman Fathi
5.
Maha Moustafa
5. Randa Wassim
5. Menna tarek
6. Fadi Gamal
6.
Mohamed El-Shinnawy
6. Mahmud Abd Allah
6. Naness Mohamed
7. Caroline Sobhy
7. Omar Mostafa
7. Mai Samy
7. Nermine Ahmed
8. Lana Rasem
8.
8. Marwan Mohamed
8. Nouran Hussein
9. Magdy Mahana
9. Salma Mohamed Anwar
9. Maha Hatem
9. Nourhan Khalid
10.Nardine El-Bardisy
10. Salma Sherif El-Kady
10. Muhammed Ahmed AbdelHadi
10.Randa Mahmoud
Rehab Ahmed
11.Nada El-Morabea
11. Muhammed Emad
11.Yara Naguib
Teaching Staff: Prof. Shafak El Wakil
T.A. Aya El Wagieh
Assoc. Prof. Ahmed Shetawy
T.A. Heba Ghalib
Assoc. Prof. Yehya Serag
T.A. Nashwa Emad
Asst. Prof. Dina Maarouf
T.A. Amany Abdelkhalek T.A. Nada Samir
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND Heliopolis Transformation
01 HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Introduction :
Heliopolis Transformation
Historic background
Site Selection
Design Concept Legend:
Basilic at the center & 5 Main axis The site was chosen according to the following reasons :
Axis system fabric Garden city fabric
Baron Empan was Affected by Greek Philosophy (Ancient Heliopolis city location).
Baron Empain focused on the “first oasis” regarding:
•
Flat Land.
•
Building different Centers
•
Dry Soil suitable for construction
•
Have same Architectural and Urban Style
•
Creating different attracting uses :
•
(1) Al-Maza Airport (2) Horse racing Club (3) Golf’s park (4) Heliopolis Palace (5) Luna Park Perspective View of Heliopolis-Monarchy EraFirst, He chose the idea of constructing two oasis for planning Heliopolis but that didn’t happen because it was far from Cairo & Differentiation between people’s class, socially and economically.
(6) Baron Palace
-Urban Spaces of Heliopolis area is a mixed model of Grid and Radial networks. - The Concept of Planning of Heliopolis is based on mixing between Garden City Fabric and Axes System Fabric
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
METHODOLOGY Heliopolis Transformation
02 METHODOLOGY
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
METHODOLOGY
Methodology
Phase 1: TRACING URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN HELIOPOLIS ZONES
Monarchy Era Nasser Era Sadat Era Mobarak Era Post Revolution Era
Political/ Social/ Economic Events
This research aimed at tracing Heliopolis transformation along the different eras; Monarchy, Nasser, Sadat, Mobarak and post revolution eras. In this regard, each era had its significant economic, social and political character which contributed in Heliopolis transformation along the history. Building on this, the research is attempting to identify how these aspects affected Heliopolis’s physical environment with its components of fabric, open spaces, roads, transportation skyline, facades and building and land uses.
Heliopolis Transformation
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Building & Land uses
Skyline & facades
Roads & transpor -tation
Open spaces & Urban Fabric
Achieving this, the research was based on two phases: Phase 1 : Tracing the urban transformation in Heliopolis zones
Phase 2: COLLECTIVE URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN HELIOPOLIS DISTRICT
This phase is oriented towards deeply analyzing the transformation of the physical environment of Heliopolis’ zones along the different eras. Accordingly, the students were divided into 4 groups analyzing the different zones in Heliopolis.
Monarchy Era
Mobarak Era Building & Land uses Skyline & facades Roads & transportation Open spaces & Urban Fabric
Nasser Era
Phase 2: Collective urban transformation in Heliopolis district This phase aimed at compiling the transformation took place in Heliopolis district as a whole along the eras in terms of the physical environment. Accordingly, each of the four groups focused on one of the physical component and integrated the findings of each zone.
Sadat Era
Post Rev. Era
2
4 3
1
Map Showing Zones divisions in Heliopolis area
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
03 TRACING URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN HELIOPOLIS ZONES
ZONE 1
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Almaza Zone
Heliopolis Transformation
KEY MAP: Almaza zone is surrounded by Hussien Kamel street from the East,Al-Marghany street from the west, Salah Salem street from the north and Al-Thawra street from the south.
Caption: key map for Almaza Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban fabric and open spaces
Heliopolis Urban Fabric It has a western urban layout presented in radical urban fabric with rigid grid pattern Our Zone hadn’t been built yet except 3 buildings •
Baron Palace.
•
Villa Sultan Ibrahim Halim.
•
Baghous Basha noubar palace.
Baron palace
Red circle : Baron Palace Yellow circle : Ibrahim Halim villa White circle : Sultan Hussein Kamel villa
In 1931 According to the planned area •
•
Legend:
Solid was 1.2%.
Green open spaces
Void was 98.8%.
1.2%
98.8% Caption: Monarchy Urban Fabric Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Nasser Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban fabric and open spaces After revolution Density of buildings increased due to nationalization. •
Solid ratio was 23%.
•
Void ratio was 77%.
Green area are divided into :
•
Green areas which are in the middle of the main roads.
•
Green that around landmarks.
•
A private green garden.
•
Green area in clubs.
Misr ElGdida High School
The Holy Family school
Legend:
Green open spaces
23%
77% Caption: Nasser Urban Fabric Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban fabric and open spaces •
Building density increased
•
Solid and void ratio
•
Solid 40% and void 60% No. of buildings increase but Spaces between them are still wide
Legend:
Green open spaces
40% 60% Caption: Sadat Urban Fabric Source: Heliopolis Comapny
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Mobarak Era
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Urban fabric and open spaces
•
Some Green courts were part of the original plan, but they turned into garbage spots
•
Others were built on it like tivoli
Tivoli –Heliopolis (Tivoli rented an area from Almaza Culb to have a series of restaurants on it )
Legend:
Green open spaces
40%% 60% Caption: Mobarak Urban Fabric Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Post Revolution Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban fabric and open spaces
•
Solid ratio 60%
•
Void ratio 40%
•
Deterioration of green area and open spaces.
Buildings are too close to each other
Legend:
Green open spaces
35%% 65% Caption: Post Revolution Urban Fabric Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Heights and Facades •
Most of facades were Indian style like baron palace
•
Classic decorations and booths with 3 openings and roman Flemish style
•
Heights were from 2 to 3 floors Villa prince Ibrahim Halim
Baron Palace 1924
Baron Palace 1942
Legend:
1 Floor 3 Floors Classic decorations
4 Floors 5 floors
Skyline of Baron Palace
Caption: Monarchy heights Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Nasser Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Heights and Facades •
Most of facades were Eclectic style
•
There were many villas demolished
•
Heights were from 1 to 2 floors
•
The appearance of the labour housing reflects Nasser era
Skyline of the labour housing
Labour Housing
Labour Housing
Legend:
1 Floor 3 Floors 4 Floors 5 floors
Caption: Nasser heights Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Heights and Facades •
Most of facades were Eclectic style like Nasser
•
Old building were repainted
•
most of the villas were transferred to buildings
•
Height were from 4 to 5 floors The Skyline
Building in El Horreya Street
Buildings in El-Marghany Street
Legend:
1 Floor 3 Floors 4 Floors 5 floors
Caption: Sadat Heights Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mobarak Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Heights and Facades •
Most of facades where Modern style
•
Some building didn’t follow the rules not to increase than 6 floors according to airport restrictions
•
Heights were from 6 to 10 floors
Post Revolution Era
skyline
Buildings in Almaza Street
Heights and Facades •
•
Due to the absence of supervision some building illegally build more floors than 6 floors
Legend:
Heights were from 6 to 12 floors
1 Floor 3 Floors 4 Floors 5 floors
The skyline
Caption: Mobarak Heights Source: Heliopolis Company Buildings in Almaza Street
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportation •
The tram line was created this era in 1952 so that the people would come and visit Heliopolis
Roads and tram
Legend: Tram
Caption:Monarchy Roads And Transportation Source: Heliopolis company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Nasser and Sadat Era
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportation •
Al-Asr street was renamed to Salah Salem street after Salah Salem died in 1962
Salah Salem Street
Legend: Arterial roads Main roads
Secondary Roads Local roads Tram
Caption: Nasser Roads and Transportation Source: Heliopolis company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mobarak Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportation •
Al-Marghany and Al-Nozha bridge were established in 2003
•
Private cars were the main mean of transportation
Al-Sabaa omarat square
Al-Marghany bridge
Tramline at AlSabaa omarat
Tramline in Al-Horreya street
Post Revolution Era Roads and Transportation
• • •
Legend:
Al-Marghany Tramline was removed in 2014
Arterial roads Main roads
The tramline at Al-Thawra street was removed
Secondary Roads Local roads Tram
Al-Marghany street became wider
Caption: Post Revolution roads and transportation Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Monarchy era
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Land uses •
In this era Almazah wasn’t built up .
•
3 palaces were built : Baron’s Palace. Prince Ibrahim’s Palace. Baghous Basha Nubar’s palace
The 3 palaces which were built
Legend:
Residential
Caption: Monarchy Land Use Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Nasser era
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Land uses •
Almaza was planned in the era of gamal abd el-nasser.
•
It was mainly planned as an extension for heliopolis .
Legend: Administration Entertainment Religious Residential Educational Industrial Stores Military
Caption: Nasser Land Use Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Sadat era
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Land uses •
Buildings were constructed all over almaza.
•
It’s was planned as a residential district.
Legend: Administration Entertainment Religious Residential Educational Industrial Stores Military
Caption: Sadat Land Use Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Mobarak and Post Revolution Era
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Land uses •
First floor of many buildings converted from residential to commercial.
Legend: Administration Entertainment Religious Residential Educational Industrial Stores Com. Residential
Caption: Mobarak and Post Revolution Land Use Source: Heliopolis Company
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
03 TRACING URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN HELIOPOLIS ZONES
ZONE 2
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Zone (2)
Heliopolis Transformation
KEY MAP:
Al-Bostan Area
SURROUNDING ROADS : 1. Abu Bakr El-Siddiq Street.
1
4
2.Salah Salem Street.
3.Beruit Street. 4.El-Hegaz Street. 3 2
Al-Bostan Area : Originally, Service area Now, Part of Al-Mantazal, Builders of Heliopolis lived here at the beginning It was the second poorer commercial center of Heliopolis Centered around A Mosque (Gamal El-Afgany) Heliopolis City in a City Dr/ Mohamed Abd El-Baki
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Form •
Urban Spaces formation of Heliopolis area is a mixed model of networking Grid and Radial concentric .
Buildings constructed in 1908
Heliopolis by the end of Monarchy Era Heliopolis City in a City Dr/ Mohamed Abd El-Baki
Buildings constructed in 1912
Buildings constructed in 1923
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportations •
Tramway Line was the Core of the creation of new city in the desert.
•
The first Line opened in 1910 connecting Heliopolis with Cairo.
•
It was managed by the Heliopolis Company. Tramway line in Heliopolis *http://www.passion-egyptienne.fr
Tramway in Othman bin Affan Street Private Cars in Abbas Street 1930 ( Tanta street) 1940 *http://ouionnet.com/clipv/item/photos *http://www.passion-egyptienne.fr Legend: Tramway
The First Tramway line under construction *http://ouionnet.com/clipv/item/photos
Before changing the path of the tram ( Al-Ahram Street)1940 *www.flickr.com/photos
Buses in San Stefano Street (Harun Street) A two-way street
Tramway in Heliopolis in 1910
Cars in Ibrahim Laqqany street *http://ouionnet.com/clipv/item/pho
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
Façades and Heights Facades were formed by special style in this Era and there was harmony between the facades. •
Architecture style: is a mixed style of Moorish, Persian & Arabic styles.
•
Skyline: The end of façades created harmonic sky line by using minarets .
•
Rhythm: The openings made many rhythms because of using many shapes of arches and arcades.
•
Material: Rocks were used in construction and façades.
•
Colors: The common colors were Beige and Red.
•
Proportions: They were similar to each other.
•
Details: Ornaments made the façades more richness.
1.Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street *www.wikimedia.com
•
Height : At 1905 some regulations was issued by the government Stated that the maximum number of Floors in residential buildings in our territory is 5 floors due to the presence of Heliopolis airport (el ghaba club nowadays).
3.Basilica *www.wikiin.com
2
1
2.Haroun EL-Rasheed street *www.wikimedia.com
3
AL-Bustan area map
Details in elevation 1 *Heliopolis rebirth of the city of the sun
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Monarchy Era (1905-1952) Green and open spaces Public Parks: Public parks were located such that the maximum distance between a residential apartment and a public park is 300 m. Open spaces: El-Gamae square, El-Ismaelia square and Salah El-Dein’s function was mostly residential but damscus st.,Harun el rasheed st. and othman ibn affan st. had residential and commercial axis.
Basilica 1920 : Baroon Empain Street
Type 1
Othman Ibn Affan Street
Medan EL Gamea Market 1920 San Stefano street (Haroun El-Rashid)
Type 2
Streets: Type 1: Streets on the boarders of Heliopolis 30-40 meter wide, Green Island always exists in the middle.
Legend: Type 3
Type 4 Bustan Area Green area
Type 2: Streets separating zones in Heliopolis 20-25 meter wide, also, Green Island always exists in the middle. Type 3: Streets between city blocks, their size depends on the length varying between 11.5-19 meter. Type 4: Streets inside of the block for local traffic 10 meter wide.
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq Street
AL-Bustan area map 1930 Heliopolis City in a City
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Uses Industry 5%
Transport 25%
Residential 45%
1
Entertainme nt 25%
A Market in Al-Gamea Square *www.wikimedia.com
2
A Market in Al-Gamea Square *www.wikimedia.com
Abbas Street *www.wikimedia.com
Heliopolis 1915
Legend:
Industry 5%
Residential Industrial Commercial Religious Educational
Transport 25%
Entertainme nt 15%
Residential 55%
Heliopolis 1930
Land Uses Map
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Nasser’s Era (1952-1970)
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Form •
Kept the same urban fabric of the Monarchy Era.
The difference between Nasser's era and monarchy era
Heliopolis by the end of Nasser's era Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Nasser’s Era (1952-1970)
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportations •
Streets width between 30 and 40 meters.
•
Identification of the main streets, parks, pedestrian’s Paths.
•
Changing the path of the tram to Othman bin Affan Street.
•
1951 start Abdel Aziz Fahmy Tramway line.
• •
Tramway in Cairo in 1957
Tramway in Heliopolis in 1962 *http://www.subways.net/egypt/heliopolis.htm
Court Square
1952 Transport Al Nozha Tramway Line.
Private Cars in 1963 Legend: Avenue Boulevard Main Street
Harun Square
1962 Extension of Al Marghany Tramway Line.
Square Tramway
Ismailia Square
El Galaa Square Basilica Square
Street Network Hierarchy & Tramway in 1975
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Nasser’s Era (1952-1970)
Heliopolis Transformation
Façades and Heights There wasn’t noticeable changes in this Era in façades form or vocabulary .
•
Height: After 1952 revolution The heights remained the same & no change observed in heights except some new buildings that exceeded by one floor . 1.Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street 1954 عمر الحسيني/د,*تطور الفراغات العمرانية في مصر الجديدة
1
2.Basilica *www.wikiin.com
2
AL-Bustan area map
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Nasser’s Era (1952-1970)
Heliopolis Transformation
Green and open spaces Open spaces and streets: •
Streets and Open Spaces became 35% and building density began to increase .
Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street 1954 عمر الحسيني/د,*تطور الفراغات العمرانية في مصر الجديدة
Public means of Transportation 60s
Legend: 1- Othman Ibn Affan street
2
2- Harun El-Rasheed street Bustan Area Green area
1 AL-Bustan area map Green Areas 1975
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Nasser’s Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Uses •
Social Aspect: Al-Gamae square, Al-Ismaelia square and Salah Elden functions turned into residential and commercial functions after it was mostly residential like in Damascus St., Harun el Rasheed St. and Othman ibn Affan St. that became commercial axis. St. George Coptic Orthodox Church *www.wikimedia.com
Commercial Industry 10% 5%
Transport 20%
1.Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street 1954 عمر الحسيني/د,*تطور الفراغات العمرانية في مصر الجديدة
Legend:
Residential Industrial Commercial Religious Educational
Residential 55%
Entertainment 10%
Heliopolis
Land Uses Map
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat’s Era (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Form •
Buildings density increased
•
The urban fabric in the area reached the final phase.
Heliopolis by the end of Sadat's era Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat’s Era (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportations •
1972 Start Al Matrya Tramway Line.
Tramway in Al Ahram street in 1971
Public Buses in 1972
Tramway in Heliopolis in 1971
*http://www.subways.net/egypt/heliopolis.htm
Legend:
Tramway in Heliopolis in 1971 *Heliopolis city in a city” Legend:
Tramway in Al- Bustan District in 1971
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat’s Era (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
Façades and Heights
The investment increased because of “Openness Policy” and the land value increased so it was the beginning of destroying the old buildings and built high buildings instead. •
Architecture style: there wasn’t defined style.
•
Skyline: The high buildings caused distortion in skyline.
•
Rhythm: The openings became boring.
•
Material: Concrete were used in construction and glass in façades.
•
Colors: There wasn’t common colors.
•
Details: The façades were poor due to lack of ornaments and details.
•
Height: As a result of the Economic openness Policy most of the villas was demolished & replaced by a residential buildings (from 7 to 8 floors). - Some owners of buildings added more floors regardless the shape or colors of the façade.
1.High building in Harun El-Rasheed street without architecture style *Site visit
2.Addition of floors regardless the style of façade *Heliopolis city in a city
3.Basilica in the 70’s ,*تطور الفراغات العمرانية في مصر الجديدة عمر الحسيني/د
2
1 3
AL-Bustan area map
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat’s Era (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
Green and open spaces Open spaces and streets: •
Building density began to increase , Due to Sadat’s Policy of Openess,
•
High Buildings started to appear replacing Low-Rise buildings and even open areas
•
By the Time, Villas have been destroyed and High Buildings (5:10 floors) have replaced them, resulting in a clear decrease in the area of open spaces with respect to the buildings.
Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street 1954
Heliopolis and its growth toward the east and it’s new routes and less green areas - Heliopolis 1975 عمر الحسيني/ د,*تطور الفراغات العمرانية في مصر الجديدة
Legend: 1-El-Ismailia sq. 2-Salah El-Dein sq. 3-El-Gamae sq. 4-El-Basilic sq. Bustan Area
3
4
2
1
Green area
AL-Bustan area map
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat’s Era (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Uses •
Political Aspect: After the Economic Openness Policy
•
Using all the Closed Spaces( Courtyards and Gardens ) and Open Spaces ( public Green areas and pedestrian Paths) Caused an Absence of Green areas and public parks completely as they were exchanged with other building to increase the investment
1.A Building in Harun El-Rasheed *Site visit
Heliopolis 1975 2.A building in Abu Bakr Street *Heliopolis city in a city عمر الحسيني/ د,*تطور الفراغات العمرانية في مصر الجديدة
Legend: Education 20% Industry 5% Commercial 15%
Residential 55%
1
2
Residential Industrial Commercial Religious Educational
Entertainment 5%
Heliopolis 1960
Land Uses Map
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mubarak’s Era (1981-2011)
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Form
Heliopolis by the end of Mobarak's era
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mubarak’s Era (1981-2011)
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportations •
Increase of the number of Tramway to 280 Cars.
•
Increase of Population, Private Cars, Trucks and Traffic Jams in Heliopolis.
•
Decrease of Tramway Maintenance. Buses and more Private Cars Heliopolis in 1990 *www.flickr.com/photos
Tramway with 2-4 Cars in Abu Bakr El Siddiq street *http://misrelgedeeda.blogspot.com.eg
Tramway in Abu Bakr El Siddiq street Private Cars and Trucks in Heliopolis in 1995 “عمر الحسيني/د,”تطور الفراغات العمرانية في مصر الجديدة *www.flickr.com/photos
Tram Interior View *www.flickr.com/photos
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mubarak’s Era (1981-2011)
Heliopolis Transformation
Façades and Heights The buildings and façades became deterioration. •
Architecture style: there wasn’t defined style.
•
Skyline: The high buildings caused distortion in skyline.
•
Rhythm: The openings became 1.High building in Harun El-Rasheed boring. street without architecture style
•
Material: Concrete were used in construction and glass in façades.
•
Colors: There wasn’t common colors.
•
Details: The façades were poor due to lack of ornaments and details.
•
Height: The Number Of levels increased & the high rise buildings was Obviously appeared.
*Site visit
3.High rise buildings in ElIsmaeilya square *Site visit
2.High building in Abu Bakr ElSeddik street *Site visit
2
3 1
AL-Bustan area map
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mubarak’s Era (1981-2011)
Heliopolis Transformation
Green and Open Spaces Open spaces and streets: •
•
Green courts were part of the original plan, but they turned into garbage spots and investors came up with the idea of building them over to restore them and recreate a green area again, it has an impact on the prices of the rent. Unfortunately most of the courts and green areas are locked ‘’only for watching’’.
Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street 2010
Tramway in Abu Bakr El Siddiq street in 1995
Legend: Bustan Area Green area
AL-Bustan area map green Areas
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
25TH January Revolution Era (2011-Now)
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Form
Heliopolis now
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mubarak’s Era (1981-2011)
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Uses •
Social Aspect: A New Development expanding the commercial Zones as in Damascus St. ,Also some commercial zones appeared on Abu Bakr El Seddik St.
1.Jewllery Shops in Haroun Al-Rasheed St. *Heliopolis city in a city
Auto mobile Shops in Damascus St. *Heliopolis city in a city
Legend:
Residential Industrial Commercial Religious Educational
A Building in Harun El-Rasheed *Site visit
Education 20% Industry 5% Commercial 15%
Residential 55%
Entertainment 5%
Heliopolis 2000
Land Uses Map
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
25TH January Revolution Era (2011-Now)
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportations •
problem of parking in streets.
•
Decrease in street width, parks.
•
Transform pedestrian path to selling goods.
Microbus in Othman bin Affan street in 2013 *Site visit
The third line of the metro in Heliopolis *http://www.nat.org.eg/arabic/Line3.html
No Maintenance for Trams *http://cairobserver.com/trams
The third line of the metro in Mosque Square *Site visit
Tram accident in Abu Bakr El Siddiq Street *http://cairobserver.com/trams
Tram in Abu Bakr El Siddiq street *Site visit
Bus in Ismailia square in 2014 *Site visit
Rubbish on the Tram line in Heliopolis Problem of Parking in Mosque Square *Site visit *Site visit
Decrease in Damanhur Street width *www.flickr.com/photos
parking on Tram lines in Ismailia Square *Site visit
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
25th January Revolution (2011-Now)
Heliopolis Transformation
Façades and Heights The buildings and façades became more deterioration and irregularities increased.
•
Architecture style: there wasn’t defined style.
•
Skyline: The high buildings caused distortion in skyline.
•
Rhythm: The openings became boring.
•
Material: Concrete were used in construction and glass in façades.
•
Colors: There wasn’t common colors.
•
Details: The façades were poor due to lack of ornaments and details.
•
1.Building with illegally floors in Harun El-Rasheed street *Site visit
2.New Buildings with illegally floors *Site visit
1 2
Height : Due to the absence of Censorship after the 25 jan revolution the number of levels increased illegally.
AL-Bustan area map
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
25TH January Revolution Era (2011-Now)
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Green and open spaces Open spaces and streets: •
Currently, 11.7% of the total number of masses within the area is higher than 10 storeys.
•
39.47% of the total number of masses lies between 4 and 10 storeys.
•
The remaining 48.83% of the total number of masses ranges from 1 to 3 storeys.
Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street 2013
Mosque Square
Decrease in Damanhur Street
Legend: Bustan Area Green area
AL-Bustan area map 2015
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Post 2011 Revolution Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Uses •
Social Aspect: Minor Development occurred and new buildings were established
A Market in Al-Gamea Square NOW *Site Visit Industry 5%
2.New Established Buildings *Site visit
Education 12%
Legend: Commercial 18%
Residential Industrial Commercial Religious Educational
Residential 58%
Entertainment 7%
Heliopolis post 2011
Land Uses Map Heliopolis City in a City
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Timeline
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
El-Korba Street
Ibrahim El-Laqani Street
Baron Palace
Basilic
Heliopolis Metro
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Timeline
Abbas Mosque
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Now : Gamal El-Din El-Afgani
Medan El-Gamaa Market
Haroun El-Rashed Entrance
Heliopolis Palace
Boulevard Ismail Street
Now : Korba Street
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
03 TRACING URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN HELIOPOLIS ZONES
ZONE 3
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
HELIOPOLIS DISTRICT Base Map
Base Map Heliopolis
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
MONARCHY ERA
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Use
29% 53.00% •
Foot-print was about 50%.
•
More green open space.
•
Less commercial activities.
1% 15.00%
2% Caption: palace hotel Source: Old Heliopolis page
Caption: Basilica 1912 +green space Source : Old Heliopolis page
Legend:
Green area
Caption: zone 3 Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
NASSER ERA
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Use
16% 1%
10.00% •
Socialist era
•
Increasing the commercial activity.
•
Decreasing in the green area .
•
Turning the hotel to be aletahdya palace .
60.00% 5% 8%
Legend:
Green area
Caption: zone 3 Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
SADAT ERA
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Use
7.00%
1%
2%
10%
•
Economic openness policy
•
Increasing the commercial activity as in AL Ahram st. And Ibrahim AL la’any.
•
Absence of the green spaces.
15%
65.00% Caption: Al Ahram st. and the absence of the green spaces Source: Old Heliopolis page
Legend:
Green area
Caption: zone 3 Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
MUBARAK ERA
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Use
5.50%
1%
2%
10%
•
Increasing the commercial activity as in Roxy district
•
Building commercial and entertainment malls .
20%
61.50%
Caption: Roxy commercial shops Source: Author
Caption: Al Hurya Mall Source: Author
Legend:
Green area
Caption: zone 3 Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
POST REVOLUTION ERA
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Use
5.50%
1%
2%
10% 51.50% • •
Increasing the commercial activity as in Roxy district. Random investments and commercial activities appeared.
30% Caption: Aswan Café Source: Author
Legend:
Green area
Caption: zone 3 Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Monarchy Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Solid and Void
-Footprint of Buildings didn’t exceed 50% of the plot area, so the ratio of open spaces (Public, Semi Public) were large with respect to the buildings.
Ratios between solid, void and green spaces Source: Author
Legend: Solid Void Green
Solid and void map Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Naser’s Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Solid and Void
-The decrease of the open spaces. -The density of buildings increased due to the increase of population.
Ratios between solid, void and green spaces Source: Author
Legend: Solid Void Green
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Sadat’s Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Solid and Void
-By the Time, Villas have been destroyed and High Buildings (5:10 floors) have replaced them, resulting in a clear decrease in the area of open spaces with respect to the buildings.
Ratios between solid, void and green spaces Source: Author
- Open spaces decreased due to the economic openness policy.
Legend: Solid Void Green
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Mubarak’s Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Solid and Void
-Disrespecting building regulations has led to leakage of open spaces (Public, Semi Public) and there have been many high buildings instead of small villas.
Ratios between solid, void and green spaces Source: Author
Legend: Solid Void Green
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Mubarak’s Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Solid and Void
-Increasing the street width by decreasing the width of the platform. Ratios between solid, void and green spaces Source: Author
Legend: Solid Void Green
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads hierarchy -Streets were very wide. -There wasn’t too many cars in the streets as they depended mainly on the tram. -The road network includes construction of the main roads that surrounds the area where some roads appeared like " Marghany " street besides the Heliopolis palace and the parallel roads to it.
Use this spa
Beirut Street
A-Ahram Street and Ibrahim Al-lakany Street Source : Memories of Heliopolis Book
Baghdad Street
Legend:
Roads Hierarchy Map Source : Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Naser’s Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads hierarchy -Streets are wide and ranged from 15-40. -Central Polarized field of the main axes.
Ibrahim Al-lakany Street Source : Memories of Heliopolis Book
Legend:
Roads Hierarchy Map Source : Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat’s Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads hierarchy -Due to the inflation of the real estate investment , there was a need to extend the road networks to reach all around Cairo . -The public transportation increased due to the presence of the labors and employees Al-Ahram Street
Othman Ibn Affan Street
Source : Memories of Heliopolis Book
Legend:
Roads Hierarchy Map Source : Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mubarak’s Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads hierarchy -Problem of parking in streets. -Decrease in street width.
Use this spa
-Transform pedestrian path to selling goods. -The infrastructure and roads were improved to handle the great increase in population.
Beirut Street
A-Ahram Street and Ibrahim Al-lakany Street Source : Memories of Heliopolis Book
Baghdad Street
Legend:
Roads Hierarchy Map Source : Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
25th January Revolution Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads hierarchy
-Closing some streets for security reasons. -Shortage in the parking lots.
-Transform pedestrian path to selling goods. -The Decrease of street width. -Parking the cars in illegal spaces.
Al-Ahram Street
Baghdad Street Source : Google Earth
Othman Ibn Affan Street
Legend:
X
X
X
Roads Hierarchy Map Source : Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
MONARCHY
Heliopolis Transformation
FACEDES
-Architecture style: heliopolis style the facades as symmetric equilibrium About vertical and Central axes -Number of floors: the maximum number of storeys ber building did not exceed 5 -Material: The building materials used were stones,bricks,wood.
1 Baghdad Street
2
Ibrahim el lakany
3 Beriut Entrance
Source : Memories of Heliopolis Book
-Colors: Colors determined by the company have been used for materials covering the façades -regulations have handled conditions dealing with protrusions of ornamental elements and balconies -Structure system: The structure system used skeleton and bearing walls system.
3
2
1
Base map Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
NASSER’S ERA
Heliopolis Transformation
FACEDES -Architecture style: Monotony in facade forms and Some architectural models with (Art-Deco) style appeared -Number of floors: the building hights (6-9) storeys -Structure system: The reinforced concrete was introduced in the structure system
1
Burit Street
2
Ibrahim Al-Lakkany Street
1 2
Base map Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
SADAT’S ERA
Heliopolis Transformation
FACEDES -Architecture style : Modern architecture Style -Number of floors : high rise buildings (10-12) storeys -Structure system : modern building technology as the (flat slab). 1 Al-Ahram street
2
Beriut street
2 1
Base map Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
MUBARAK’S ERA
Heliopolis Transformation
FACEDES -Architecture style: loss of unique style and pattern of its architecture, appearance of different architecture style buildings -Colors: paint and some poor materials used to make a simple look 1
Al-Ahram Street
2
Al-Ahram Street
3 Ibrahim Al- lakany Street
2 3 1
Base map Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
CURRENT SITUATION
Heliopolis Transformation
FACEDES -Big vast openings appeared in addition to large scale glass windows and the pluralism of many windows with different shapes and not to be tied with vertical axis. -Different colour and material treatments -The Addition of foreign elements to façades
Vertical additions to the buildings and use different colours and materials
-Masses are being negatively transformed through vertical and horizontal additions that usually have no connections with the existing architectural characters. -Rooftop constructions (permanent and temporary) also play a major role in changing the shapes of masses.
Base map Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Monarchy Era ( 1905 -1952 )
Heliopolis Transformation
Transportation Methods and Tram paths
Automobile in Heliopolis 1913
Tram passing near basilica in the 40s
Tram in El-khalifa mamoun street 1916
Tram in Nazih Khalifa street 1947
Legend: Tram Paths
One of the King`s Cars 1924
Public Buses in the late 40s
The tram line was established at 1910 to connect heliopolis with Cairo and was a unique thing at that time in Egypt .
Caption: Tram Line paths ( Monorchy Era ) Urban Planning & Design Department Source: Electric Railway Company & Heliopolis Oasis Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Nasser`s Era ( 1952 -1970 )
Heliopolis Transformation
Transportation Methods and Tram paths As we can see the Tram was extended to include more areas and to cover all the vital parts of helioples in the 60s . Public Buses in 1966
Tram cabin Bought from Los angeles to work in Egypt at 1964
Belgium Tram car 1958
Legend: Tram Paths
Trolly Bus in the 60s
General Transportation Methods in Egypt in the 60s
Caption: Tram Line paths ( Nasser`s Era ) Urban Planning & Design Department Source: Electric Railway Company & Heliopolis Oasis Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Sadat`s Era ( 1970 -1981 )
Heliopolis Transformation
Transportation Methods and Tram paths The Tram line was almost not affected at all at sadat`s era , however , the density of buildings increased as we can see.
Tram Cabins bought from Czech Republic in the early 80s
Tram at 1977
Tram in the early 70s in Cairo
Legend: Tram Paths
Public Buses 1978
Public buses 1981 Caption: Tram Line paths ( Sadat`s Era ) Urban Planning & Design Department Source: Electric Railway Company & Heliopolis Oasis Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Mubarak`s Era ( 1981 -2011 )
Heliopolis Transformation
Transportation Methods and Tram paths
Toshiba Cabin for the Egyptian tram 1990
Tram passing near the english school 2006
Tram in El- Marghany street 1998
Tram in Heliopolis 1999
Legend: Tram Paths
Public Buses in 2009
The tram line was established at 1910 to connect heliopolis with Cairo and was a unique thing at that time in Egypt .
Caption: Tram Line paths ( Mubarak`s Era ) Urban Planning & Design Department Source: Electric Railway Company & Heliopolis Oasis Ain Shams University
HELIOPOLIS BACKGROUND
Post Revolution ( 1905 -1952 )
Heliopolis Transformation
Transportation Methods and Tram paths
A Diagram illustrating the huge speed difference between the Subway and the tram which made the government to focus on the subway and remove the Tram totally .
Photo showing the bad condition the tram cabins had after the revolution , this tram had no Glass nor doors , it was taken at 2015 in salah el deen square .
2 trams Colliding in Helioples due to the lack of maintainance
EL Ahram Metro station , the government started to focus more on the Subway than the tram which was later removed .
Legend:
One of the King`s Cars 1924
Egypt Removed the Tram totally after 100 years Despite the Huge benefit for it which made countries like UAE for example to start building it in Dubai due to its vital importance
The Tram Line was Totally Removed after 100 Years of being a Caption: Tram Line paths ( Post Revolutin ) Urban Planning & Design Department vital landmark for heliopolis and a unique thing that defines it Source: Electric Railway Company & Heliopolis Oasis Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
03 TRACING URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN HELIOPOLIS ZONES
ZONE 4
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Heliopolis
Heliopolis Transformation
Zone 4
Abou Bakr El Sedeek St. Al Sbaak St. Gesr El Suez St.
El Hegaz St.
El-Kalifa El-Maamoun St. Al Maahad Al Ashtraki St. Caption: Heliopolis Zone 4
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Use •
The area under study was mainly entertainment area ,occupying 25% of the land.
•
The rest of the land was vacant area.
•
The entertainment areas were the main attraction points to encourage the inhabitance of the residential areas “ex : Luna park , the horse race track , the aviation club “ .
Caption: Luna park Source: les memories d’helioplis
caption: Aviation club source: : les memories d’helioplis
25%
75%
Entertainment Vacant space
Land use
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban fabric and open spaces •
Al Kasr street was a main axis linking between the racing horse track and the Baron Palace.
•
The studied area was planned to be an entertainment district contained horse racetrack and Luna Park . Caption: the main road ALkasr Source: Author
Urban Fabric
caption: old planning of helioplis source:
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
Transportation and road network •
The Heliopolis company decided establishing a railway to ease the transportation to helioplis, as this new community was 10 kilometers far from the nearest urban community.
•
There were two means of transportation, the first one was the private vehicles (high class social standard own cars) , the second was the electric tram line.
•
Caption: the tram through nasser’s era Source:memories d’helioplis
Scince our studied area was almost vaccant so had only a line which link the baron palace with the racing horse track passing by the basilic.
Transportation and road network
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Marks •
Luna park was considered as the first amusement park in the Middle East and Africa ,it started to welcome visitors in 1911.
•
Luna park was converted into a hospital through the world war.
•
There was a horse racing course (Merryland now).
•
The Heliopolis company established a swimming pool with unconditional entrance.
•
At the World War II in 1939, this swimming pool was devoted to the English soldiers and the army officers at the night used to go to the club too.
•
After the world war II in 1945, a group of Heliopolis residents, Egyptians and foreigners,thought about the construction of sports club in that place where the swimming pool and the surrounding land.
•
Caption: horse race track
caption:luna park when converted to hospital
caption: swimming pool before transformation
Caption:Heliolido club
And the club was called Heliolido in which Helio means the sun in ancient Greek language and Lido means the beach or harbor, so that it becomes the sun and the water Club Caption: Luna park Landmarks
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Heights and Facades •
The street was occupied by villas and low rise buildings that do not exceed 20 meters height.
•
built-up area occupied 50% of the land,so the containment was weak as it was only defined by trees and fences.
•
In this time the facades were Characterized by the existence of unique architectural style like arcades , columns , terraces and Almaizn portable by columns.
Caption:facades of architectural character Source: helioplis Book
caption:streets characterized by weak containment
Heights and Facades
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
INTEGRATED TRANSFORMATION
Nasser era (1952-1970)
Heliopolis Transformation
Land uses •
•
•
20%
A massive increase in the residential area due to the transition of a lot of suburbs inhabitance into Heliopolis. Due to the new urban expansion, the road network became larger and expanded to new areas .
20%
Entertainment Residential
60%
Roads
caption:pie chart for landuses.
The entertainment areas decreased due to the urban inflammation and some areas vanished ( ex: Luna park , the aviation club , the horses race track ) and others were founded (ex :Merryland park , Heliolido club ) .
Land use Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Nasser era (1952-1970)
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban fabric •
Residential Buildings started to appear along with the entertainment district due to the increase in population density which lead to the appearance of squares as Roxy square and AlMahkma square.
•
radical urban fabric with rigid grid pattern. Caption: map for urban fabric Source: dr.omar elhusseiny research Radial Urban Fabric
z
Urban fabric
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Nasser era (1952-1970)
Heliopolis Transformation
Transportation and road network •
The tram was extended to reach the heart of Cairo's midtown to “Emad e Din street” and the corner of “fouad street” which were the main economic and trading streets in Egypt at that time.
•
The extension of the tram to Cairo’s midtown allowed Heliopolis residents to attend parties and go to theatres and cinemas.
•
The tram line was one of the main reasons of the transition of habitants from other neighborhoods .
Caption: the tram through nasser’s era Source:memories d’helioplis
The tram path in our studied area ( transportation and road network) Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Nasser era (1952-1970)
Heliopolis Transformation
Landmark
•
The racing track was transformed to a public garden (Merryland park),and The horse racing club was moved from this region to the Sun club.
•
It was planned to be a public park, and it is made up of a casino , and remained as this from 1963 to 1980.
Caption:merryland , lakeview of the casino. Source: Almasry elyoum journal.
Caption:stepping seats kept ignorable Source:google image
Landmark Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
INTEGRATED TRANSFORMATION
Nasser era (1952-1970)
Heliopolis Transformation
FACADES •
Some villas were destroyed and high rise buildings took their
places,The height varied from 4 to 15 floors. •
The buildings were no more fenced or surrounded by trees in some parts.
•
The squares containment remained weak as they were very wide,Although the height of surrounding buildings increased.
•
They were interested in providing a large number of units rather than aesthetic form.
•
Buildings’ Facades were plain and of a large height.
Shehab eldeen khafaga street,Merryland. Source: google earth.
Comparison of containment through eras. source:dr.Abd elmenaam saeed research.
`
Heights and facades Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat Era (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Use
•
Foreign investment was allowed in the country with Sadat's policy especially after October War. "In 1974 the later president Anwar Sadat's open up policy
54% Residential 4% Entertainment 15% Educational & Industrial 25% Roads
Expansions of the area of Heliopolis & the surroundings Source (Eth studio basel)
Land Use
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat Era (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Fabric & Open Spaces
•
•
Private green areas started to disappear after the opening up policy.
Radial Urban Fabric
Green areas became limited on public gardens only.
El Mahkma Squre
Legend: Green Areas
Roxy Square
Green Areas And Urban Fabric
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat Era (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
Transportation & Roads Network •
Due to the massive increase in investments in this era , a lot of shops ,international companies , banks , and co-operative investments companies were located in Heliopolis , so new tram lines were extended and branched to become a new commercial axe through Heliopolis .
•
Many workers and employees who worked at Heliopolis needed a comfortable way of transportation , so the tram extended to some other neighborhood (ex: Al Matareya )
•
Due to the inflation of the real estate investment , there was a need to extend the road networks to reach all around Cairo
•
The public transportation increased due to the presence of the labors and employees .
•
Due to the inflation of the real estate investment, there was a need to extend the road networks to reach all around Cairo .
•
The public transportation increased due to the presence of the labors and employees.
•
Bus lines extended to new streets and new neighborhoods.
Source: Heliopolis
Abu Bakr EL Sedik Street
El Hegaz Street
s
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat Era (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
LandMarks
•
•
" Merryland " Park regained its importance as a touristic place and entertainment field which needs to be cared of , then there were entrance tickets
In the late 1980s
The middle and the upper class were directed in this period to the private clubs so the park loosed its importance .
Merryland 1979 Source: Google images
Merryland 1970s Source: Paper of Dr. Shetawy and Dief-Allah ( Historic Pars in he face of change )
Caption:Merryland
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Sadat Era (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
Heights & Facades
•
The buildings still high till 15 floor and more .
•
Buildings uses remain residential except the basement and the first 2 floors became commercial .
•
Due the high value of land in the seventies and exploitation to the maximum degree , there was an increase in height of the buildings So some towers appeared .
•
New materials appeared in the formation of the facades of the buildings like Glass.
Othman Buildings , El Fateh Street Source (Google Earth)
Shehab El Deen Khafaga Street Source (Google Earth)
Rearrangement of Land Use Source (Dr Abd El Menaam EL Saeed PDF
Land Use
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mubarak Era (1981-2011)
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Use •
The residential area had a great increase ,although the chart ratio didn’t increase a lot due to the great expansion of land ,and the increase was vertical more than horizontal
•
The roads network didn’t increase as the expansion in the residential areas was a vertical expansion mostly .
•
•
Dr. Abd Fl Menam research
A lot of crafts and industries were added as (Ex: the mechanical trading in Damascus street , a lot of small shops ) , and a lot of banks and international companies were located .
Legend: Residential Entertainment
Educational - industrial
The entertainment areas decreased in an obvious way , and the few remaining areas were less proper compared to it‘s glorious history
Roads
Land Use
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mubarak Era (1981-2011)
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Fabric and Open Spaces There wasn’t any change in this era than el Sadat era
Legend: Open Spaces
Solid and Void Caption:Green Areas And Urban Fabric
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Mubarak Era (1981-2011)
Heliopolis Transformation
Transportations and Road network Transportation : •
The massive increase in the number of private cars eased the pressure on public transportations , so the increase in public transportations wasn’t a big one .
•
Few bus lines were extended .
Gesr Al Suez St.
Roads : •
El Hegaz St.
Abou Bakr Al Sedeek St. Site visit
The infrastructure and roads were improved to handel the great increase in population .
Al Sbaak St. El Hegaz St. Al Maahad Al Ashtraki St.
El-Kalifa El-Maamoun St. Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Mubarak Era (1981-2011)
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Land Marks •
Luna park is converted to part of cinema Roxy .
•
In late 1990’s one of mubarak’s sons took care of the park trying to bring back it’s importance by making well-known restaurants and cafes open in the park .
•
Heliolido Club (swimming Pool) .
Caption: Short description on the photos / comment Source: Author 2003
2006
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Mubarak Era (1981-2011)
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES Heliopolis Transformation
Heights and Facades 1981 •
President Husni Mubarak moves into Heliopolis Palace Hotel after being renovated will serve as his office and meeting palace . The impact of president will be huge on the further development and preservation of Heliopolis . Heliopolis must be strong , independent district of cairo , there are 46,267 jobs offered for inhabitants of the city of the sun.
Source : City in a city
1983 •
Law 117 introduced : It says that demolition of any building must first be consulted with CSA , the institution responsible for heritage preservation . it should help protect the historical buildings in Heliopolis .
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Current situation
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Use •
•
Land uses didn’t change , although a lot of violations took place , the violations were in building forms not in usage , as the ignoring of the setbacks and the massive illegal heights . and the demolition of old villas and replacing them with a high rise buildings , specially in the area of “El sabaq street “ area where it is illegal.
Dr. Abd Fl Menam research
The violations were mainly vertical. Legend: Residential Entertainment
Educational - Industrial Roads
Land Use
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Current situation
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Fabric and Open Spaces There wasn’t any change in this era than el Sadat era
Legend: Open Spaces
Solid and Void Caption:Green Areas And Urban Fabric
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Current situation
Heliopolis Transformation
Transportations and Road network •
Some of the old tram ways were transformed into road expansions to solve the congestion problem in some streets , as the tram network is not used a lot in modern days as it became a less tan proper way of transformation ,But there are still two lines of trams .
•
The infrastructure and roads were improved to handel the great increase in population
Caption: Short description on the photos / comment Source: Author
Abou Bakr El Sedeek St. Al Matrya Tram Line Gesr El Suez St. Al Sbaak St. El Hegaz St.
Abd El Aziz Fahmy Tram line
Al Maahad Al Ashtraki St.
El-Kalifa El-Maamoun St. Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Current situation
Heliopolis Transformation
Land Marks •
Luna park is converted to part of cinema Roxy .
•
Merriland is closed for public .
•
The merriland greenery decreased .
•
Heliolido Club (swimming Pool) .
Luna Park
Merriland Caption: Short description on the photos / comment Source: Author
Heliolido
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ZONES
Current situation
Heliopolis Transformation
Heights and Facades Heights : •
Still as it’s 15 floor and more (more than 50 m ) .
Facades: •
•
They build in modern architecture ways using new materials (glass – steel ) .
Google Earth
They concern the form and the design of the buildings .
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION Heliopolis Transformation
04 COLLECTIVE URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN HELIOPOLIS DISTRICT ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Monarchy era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportation •
Nearest urban community was 10 kilometers away
•
Heliopolis holding Company established a Railway to ease the transportation and to attract people to the area
•
Two lines were established: AlKobba “1909” and Al-Atabba “1911”
•
Tramway line in Heliopolis
Tramway in Heliopolis in 1930
The first Tram line in Heliopolis
There were also some private cars and carts but the main transportation medium were the trams Legend:
Marghany line Nozha line Arterial Road Main Road Secondary Road
Caption: Monarchy Roads and transportation Source: Heliopolis city in a city
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Nasser era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportation •
Changing the path of the tram to Othman bin Affan Street
•
1951 start Abdel Aziz Fahmy Tramway line.
•
1952 Transport Al Nozha Tramway Line.
•
1962 Extension of Al Marghany Tramway Line.
Tramway line in Heliopolis
Tramway line in Heliopolis on 1962
Tramway line in Heliopolis on 1962
Legend: ALMarghany line Al Nozha line Al Matarya line Abdel Aziz Fahmi line
Caption: Nasser Roads and transportation Source: Heliopolis city in a city
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Nasser era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportation •
Al-Asr street was renamed to Salah Salem street after Salah Salem died in 1962
•
Al Marghany street. Al-Hegaz Street, Hussein Kamel street and Gesr EL suez street were established in this era
•
Streets width were between 30 to 40 metres
Al-Hegaz Street
Al-Marghany street
Legend: Arterial Road Main Road Secondary Road
Caption: Nasser Roads and transportation Source: Heliopolis city in a city
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Sadat era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportation This is the narrative section where you add text on the area with font: Tahoma, size:16
•
Al-matarya line was established in 1972
•
Al-Nozha line was extended to Al-Abbasiya
•
Buses started to be used as a public transportation
•
Noticeble increase in the number of private cars
Al-Nozha tramline
Al-Matarya Tramline
Private cars in Baghdad Street
Legend: Arterial Road Main Road Secondary Road ALMarghany line Al Nozha line Al Matarya line Abdel Aziz Fahmi line
Caption: Sadat Roads and transportation Source: Heliopolis city in a city
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Mobarak era and Post Revolution era
Heliopolis Transformation
Roads and Transportation •
Al-Nozha and Al-Marghany Bridge were established in 2003
•
They didn’t completely solve the traffic problem because they both lead to the same area(AlSabaa’ omarat square)
•
Al-Marghany tramline was removed in 2014 and AlMarghany street became wider
•
A new metro station (Al-Ahram) was established in 2013
•
Nazih Khalifa street was closed for 3 years since 2010 until AlAhram metro station was established
Al-Marghany street now
Al-Marghany Bridge
Al-Ahram metro station
Legend: Arterial Road Main Road Secondary Road ALMarghany line Al Nozha line Al Matarya line Abdel Aziz Fahmi line
Caption: Mobarak and Post Revolution Roads and transportation Source: Heliopolis city in a city
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
OVERVIEW
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
MONARCHY ERA
NASER ERA
SADAT ERA
Socialism led to the flee of The end of socialism came Tram lines were with the “Open Trade” established by Heliopolis foreigners and the policy getting born which introduction of industry. company with the emphasized the trade in Many natives moved to majority using the tram the area with further the city with their trade and minority have private expanding road network movement to the city vehicles and carts. increasing the density, and and the beginning of noticeable increase in the public buses. private vehicles.
MOBARAK ERA
REVOLUTION ERA
The new president moved Constant protesting caused the absence of his accommodation to security and the Heliopolis palace hotel, blockage and necking of forcing security precautions in the streets, many streets for security reasons. The roads density increased to its maximum Meanwhile due to the and a series of bridges and accumulation of the population and with the tunnels were built. majority using private vehicles some tram lines were removed to widen the streets.
Baron’s palace Tramway in Heliopolis in 1957
Merghany bridge built in 2003 Tramway in Al Ahram street in 1971 Blockage of streets by protests
The First Tramway line under construction Tramway in Heliopolis in 1962 Public buses in 1972
Tramway infront of Heliopolis Palace Hotel
Protests infront of presidential Private cars and trucks in accommodation Heliopolis Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION Heliopolis Transformation
04 COLLECTIVE URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN HELIOPOLIS DISTRICT URBAN FABRIC & OPEN SPACES
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Green Area
Solid
70 % 30 %
30 %
Void
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Nasser’s Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Fabric & Open Spaces No Noticeable change was observed in urban fabric in Nasser’s era. •
Urban Fabric: Radial planning mixed with Grid planning.
•
Squares: Some of them had commercial importance like: (ElGamae sq. ,Salah El-Dein sq. , Roxi sq.)
•
•
•
Squares: The other squares had transportation importance like: (El-Ismailia sq. ,El-Korba sq. ,Roxi sq.)
7.Merryland was established in 1958 , it was an interest for public people
Legend: Square
Some streets had commercial importance so they turned into pedestrian streets like: (Harun El-Rasheed st. ,Salah El-Dein st.) Open Spaces: Merryland park was established for public people instead of horse racing club due to socialist thought.
Solid =40% Void =60%
Green Area =15%
8.Green area at Beirut street ,*تطور الفراغات العمرانية في مصر الجديدة عمر الحسيني/د
Pedestrian Path
7
1
3 2
4 6
Solid =40% Void =45% Green areas =15%
8 5
Green areas 1.El-Ismailia square 2.Salah EL-Dein square 3.El-Gamae square 4.El-Basilic square 5.EL-Korba square 6.Roxi square
Heliopolis in Nasser’s era Solid & Void with green areas *Heliopolis City in a city
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
AlSaadat’s Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Fabric & Open Spaces Political Aspect: •
Economical Openness “ Infitah ”
Economical Aspect: •
Establishing New Cities ( 10th of Ramadan – 6th of October – Sadat City ).
•
Building New Terminal building and developing the old one in Cairo Air Port.
Results: •
•
•
Increasing the number of investors ( Egyptians & foreigners ). Moving of the low income people to the new cities ,searching for work.
The Transformation of Houses
The Urban Fabric and Green Spaces of Heliopolis
Legend:
Green Area = 9%
Green Area Solid Void Solid = 45% Void = 55%
Increase in land value .
Effects On Urban Fabric & Open Spaces: •
Decreasing the area of Open spaces
•
Decreasing the width of the Pavement and build on it
•
Replacing the Villas with high rise buildings with bigger foot print
Solid = 45% Void = 46% Green area = 9%
Heliopolis in AL-Saadat’s Era Solid& Void with green areas Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Mubarak’s Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Fabric & Open Spaces No obvious change was observed from el Sadat's era in the urban fabric.
•
the number of floors increased in some buildings.
•
Some Villas were removed in order to make room for skyscrapers not in line with city fabric .
• •
1.Public Garden Beside Basilica * site visit
2.Green Area in front of Basilica * site visit
Private green areas started to disappear.
Legend:
Green areas became limited on public gardens only.
Green Area Solid Void
2
Solid = 55% Void = 45%
1
Green Area = 12%
Solid = 55% Void = 33% Green area = 12%
Heliopolis in Mubarak's era Solid& Void with green areas Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
25TH January Revolution Era
Heliopolis Transformation
Urban Fabric & Open Spaces Urban Fabric: Radial planning mixed with Grid planning. •
After the Revolution there was a slight increase in the Urban Density Causing the decrease of open spaces .
•
The Increase in population opposed what the Baron Empan had established which led to the existence of a crises in the parking lots and illegal buildings.
The Merryland Park 2015 * http://www.moheet.com Legend:
Open Spaces: •
Green Area Solid
Due to the increase in urban density and violation of laws, decrease in open spaces and deterioration of Green Areas took place.
Void
Solid = 60% Void = 40%
Heliopolis Post 2011 Revolution Era Solid& Void with green areas Green area = 10%
Solid = 60% Void = 30% Green area = 10%
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
Heliopolis Palace was built in 1908, opened in 1910. In World War I,II It was used as a “Hospital “ to medicate injured soldiers
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION Heliopolis Transformation
04 COLLECTIVE URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN HELIOPOLIS DISTRICT FACADES AND SKYLINE
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
FACADES SKYLINE AND HIGEHTS •
The buildings consists of three parts : Building axis Towers Horizontal Body
•
The Facades` Module Opening module varies according to each part ; the towers are wider
•
The Sky line rise at the middle and the sides towers to make a variable sky line
•
Ornaments made the façades are rich with different architecture styles
Caption: Baghdad street current situation Source: Panoramia
Building in Baghdad street analysis Analyzed by authors
Legend: Baghdad street Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street
Caption: façades Ornaments Source: Heliopolis Book
Heliopolis map Source: Authors Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
INTEGRATED TRANSFORMATION
Monarchy Era (1905-1952)
Heliopolis Transformation
FACADES SKYLINE AND HIEGHTS •
The building heights parts : building height about 25 m
•
Number of floors : Four floors and Roof floor Rooms were built on roofs with water facilities to be used for laundry
•
Lower zone : Their were Few commercial shops
•
Openings: Variable shapes of windows and arches enriches the facades
Buildings height from 4 floors Analyzed by Author
Facades Porosity Analyzed by Author
Legend: Baghdad street Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street
Baron Palace Heliopolis book
Heliopolis Palace
The Mosque Of “Sultan Hussein built 1914 First Mosque in Heliopolis
The Mosque square
Heliopolis Base map Source: Author
Heliopolis place 1915 Old Heliopolis Page
Buildings height from 4 floors Source : Architektur á la Heliopolis Stadtanalyse Heliopolis Bauforschung WS 2010/11
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Nasser’s Era Socialist Era (1952-1970)
Heliopolis Transformation
FACADES SKYLINE AND HIEGHTS
•
The “Heliopolis Palace” had been Nationalized
•
Some architectural models with (Art-Deco) style appeared
•
Heights increased to be more than 4 floors some new buildings that exceeded by one floor
•
Facades module became more regular and symmetric
•
Openings are: simple rectangles
Residential Building Baghdad street Source: Author
Residential building Façade module Source: Author
Residential building Façade porosity Source: Author
Residential building Floor (ground floor commercial shops ) Source: Author
Legend: Baghdad street
Ibrahim Al-Lakkany Street in 1962
Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street Heliopolis Palace The Mosque square
Residential building Source Heliopolis book
Heliopolis Base map Source: Author
Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street 1954
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Sadat’s Era Open door Policy (1970-1981)
Heliopolis Transformation
FACADES SKYLINE AND HIEGHTS •
There wasn’t strict building regulations, which helped in the appearance of different architecture style buildings.
•
lower class owners neglect the architectural Values.
•
Architecture style: there wasn’t defined style.
•
-Skyline: The high buildings caused distortion in skyline.
•
Building height increased to be more than 7-8 floors
•
•
Porosity : windows and openings in facades became simple and alike
Residential Building Baghdad street Source: Author
Residential building Floor (ground Residential building floor commercial shops ) Façade porosity and module Source: Author Source: Author
Legend: Baghdad street
Residential Building Source: Author
Entrance of Haroun EL-Rasheed street
lack of ornaments and details. Heliopolis Palace
•
“Heliopolis Palace “ became President palce under name “Arabism Palace “
Heliopolis Base map Source: Author President s place Old Heliopolis Page
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
MOUBARAK’S ERA
Heliopolis Transformation
FACADES SKYLINE AND HIEGHTS •
Concrete was used in construction
and glass was used in façades. •
There was no unity in colors.
•
The façades were poor due to lack of ornaments and details.
•
There was no defined style. Horreya mall Façade module Source: Author
Horreya mall Façade materials Source: Author
Horreya mall Façade porosity Source: Author
Legend: Horreya mall Harun el rashed street High building in Harun El-Rasheed street without architecture style Source: Author
Heliopolis map Source: Author High building in Abu Bakr ElSeddik street without architecture style Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
AFTER REVOLUTION’S ERA
Heliopolis Transformation
FACADES SKYLINE AND HIEGHTS •
Deterioration of buildings and façades.
•
Vertical ,horizontal & terrace extensions due to lack of inspection.
•
Painting the lower part of façades to remove graffiti. Horizontal extension in beirut street Source: Author
Horizontal extension in beirut street Source: Author
Painting the lower part of façades to remove graffiti. Source: Author
Legend: Beirut street
A Building with illegall floors in Harun El-Rasheed street Source: Author
Horizontal , vertical & terrace extensions Source: Author
Heliopolis map Source: Author
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Facades transformation
Heliopolis Transformation
AL –Ahram Street
Legend:
1920
2006
Analysis Legend: New buildings
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Facades transformation
Heliopolis Transformation
Beirut Street
Caption: Short description on the photos / comment Source: Author
1929
2006
Analysis Legend: New buildings
Ibrahim lakkany Street
1931
2011
Analysis
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Facades transformation
Heliopolis Transformation
Intersection of Ibrahim lakkany with Al-ahram street
Caption: Short description on the photos / comment Source: Author
Use this space to add the base map + Analysis 1920
2006
Analysis
New buildings
Jamal al afghani mosque in AL-gamea sqaure
1920
Legend: Legend:
2011
Analysis
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION
Facades transformation
Heliopolis Transformation
Al-ahram Street
Caption: Short description on the photos / comment Source: Author
Use this space to add the base map + Analysis 1929
2006
Analysis
Legend: New buildings
Ibrahim lakanny street
1931
2015
Analysis Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS
OVERVIEW
Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
Monarchy’s Era
Abd Elnasser’s Era
Sadaat’s Era
Mubarak’s Era
After 25thJan.Revolution
(1905-1952)
(1952-1970)
(1970-1981)
(1981-2011)
(2011-now) Political aspects: Absence of governmental inspection
Source:Author
Political aspects: company owned by foreigners. Social aspects: diversity of social classes. Economic aspects: Low rate of unemployment & Strong Economy and wealth. Façade Vocabulary: -Architecture style: Mixed style between Moorish, Persian & Arabic styles. -Number of floors: (2-5) floors. -Material: Rocks were used in construction and façades.
Source:Author
Political aspects: Nationalism of foreign companies Social aspects: Decreasing the gap between social classes Economic aspects: Economic & social reform program similar to the program that emerged in the soviet union
Source:Author
Political aspects: Open door policy Social aspects: Reversing all nasser’s social policies Economic aspects: Expensive land cost
Façade Vocabulary: -Architecture style: there Façade Vocabulary: wasn’t a defined style. There wasn’t noticeable -Number of floors: (10-12) changes in this Era in floors façades form or vocabulary -Material: Concrete were . used in construction
Source:Author
Political aspects: Policies that favour the private sector Social aspects: Increased space sharing thereby to over crowded conditions Economic aspects: High inflation rate & an increase in housing prices Façade Vocabulary: -Architecture style: there wasn’t a defined style. -Number of floors: more than 10 floors -Material: Concrete were used in construction
Social aspects: Increased violence between different social classes Economic aspects: High inflammation rate Façade Vocabulary: -Architecture style: there wasn’t a defined style. -Number of floors: more than 10 floors -Material: Concrete were used in construction
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS
OVERVIEW
Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
Monarchy’s Era
Abd Elnasser’s Era
Sadaat’s Era
Mubarak’s Era
After 25thJan.Revolution
(1905-1952)
(1952-1970)
(1970-1981)
(1981-2011)
(2011-now)
Source:Author Source:Author
Source:Author
Source:Author
Baron Emban palace
Entrance of Haroun elrashid st. AL-Hurya mall
Heliopolis Hotel
Basilic Church
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION Heliopolis Transformation
04 COLLECTIVE URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN HELIOPOLIS DISTRICT BUILDING AND LAND USES
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
COLLECTIVE TRANSFORMATION Heliopolis Transformation
Building and land uses
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS
OVERVIEW
Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
MONARCHY ERA
NASSER ERA
SADAT ERA
MUBARAK ERA
CURRENT SITUATION
The palace became deserted after a period of nationalization then it was reused at the sixites as the headquarters for several government departments and ministries
In 1972 , The Government of Egypt , Syrian and Labia had merged under which Known “The Union Of Arabian Governments “and used “Heliopolis Palace “ under name “Arabism Palace “
President Mubarak’s house was located in Heliopolis so the location became more secure.
Hosni Mubarak stepped down from being the President.
Heliopolis palace It was built in 1908 and opened in 1910. In World War I,II, British Used it as a “Hospital “ to medicate injured in.
Heliopolis palace hotel
Heliopolis palace as Hospital in world war
The Military Forces became in charge of the country,then to morssi and to mansour and finally to sisi.
30 june revloution
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS
OVERVIEW
Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
MONARCHY ERA
NASSER ERA
SADAT ERA
it was planned to be a park frequented by the public, Then Alex company rented the park , and established 3 cafeterias to serve the visitors , a lake , boats and a mini Zoo
" Merryland " Park restored and returned to its importance as a touristic place and entertainment field which needs to be cared of , then there were entrance tickets .
MUBARAK ERA
CURRENT SITUATION
In the late 1980s The
It is now closed and damged ,they removed all the trees and greens areas and the lake disappeared
Merry Land It was a horse racing club and Baron Empain who was known as the owner of the new territory of Egypt
(open market )
middle and upper class were directed to the private clubs &the park lost its importance and gained a lower level of visitors One of Mubarak sons took care of the park trying to bring back its importance by making well- known restaurants and cafes open in the park
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS
OVERVIEW
Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
MONARCHY ERA
NASSER ERA
SADAT ERA
MUBARAK ERA
CURRENT SITUATION
Heliopolis club Heliopolis Sporting Club was founded in Cairo on 23 December 1910, on area 144 fedan At firstly ,this area comprised several sport courts ( Golf course 18- holes , two poles fields , two tennis courts and one cricket field ) From 1948 untill 1952 the overall area has been reduced to the present area 19 fedan
General view of the club at 1961
Children area
General view of the club at 2003
Children area Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS
OVERVIEW
Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
MONARCHY ERA
NASSER ERA
SADAT ERA
MUBARAK ERA
CURRENT SITUATION
Luna Park The first amusment park in the Middle East and Africa and it was opened for the visitors in 1911.
the place of the luna park is converted to a part of cinema Roxy.
On 19 January 1915, Luna Park was converted into an auxiliary hospital at for World War , the hospital was closed on 10 July 1916.
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS
OVERVIEW
Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
MONARCHY ERA
NASSER ERA
Elsultana Malak Mosque
Elsultana Malak Mosque
Elsultana Malak Mosque
It was for Elsultan Hussien After the revolution , Kamel wife ,designed The palace changed by “ Alexander Marcel ” to a school in 1908
It remains school as it was from nasser era
SADAT ERA
MUBARAK ERA
CURRENT SITUATION
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS
OVERVIEW
Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
MONARCHY ERA
NASSER ERA
SADAT ERA
MUBARAK ERA
CURRENT SITUATION
El Baroun Palace : The palace was designed by French architect Alexandre Marcel . It was built between 1907 and 1911
El Sultan Hussien : It was Opened in 1914,This Mosque Considered the first mosque in “Heliopolis”.
El Sultan Hussien : This Mosque called now “El Thawra Mosque “.
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS
OVERVIEW
Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
MONARCHY ERA
•
NASSER ERA
Basilica church : In 1913, Basilica is completed , Empain attend the opening
SADAT ERA
MUBARAK ERA
CURRENT SITUATION
Basilica church :
Basilica church :
Basilica in 2006, Baroun empain street
Basilica in 2015, Nazih 5alifa street now
Empain is buried under basilica as he wished.
Sacred Heart School: Sacred Heart School: The history of the emergence of the school dates back to 1804. but it was built in 1913 in heliopolis .
Sacred Heart School Part of the area now has become a health center and the other is still school
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University
TRACING TRANSFORMATION BY ASPECTS
OVERVIEW
Heliopolis Transformation
MAIN EVENTS AND FEATURES
MONARCHY ERA
•
Heliolido club :
•
The Heliopolis company established a swimming pool with unconditional entrance but a small amount of money.
NASSER ERA
SADAT ERA
MUBARAK ERA
CURRENT SITUATION
Heliolido club :
A group of Heliopolis residents Egyptians and foreigners thought of the construction of sports club in the place where the swimming pool and the surrounding land. And the club was called Heliolido in which Helio means the sun in ancient At the World War II in 1939, this swimming pool Greek language and Lido means the beach or was devoted to the English soldiers and army harbor, so that it officers and at the night becomes the sun and a night club too. the water Club.
Urban Planning & Design Department Ain Shams University