Be intune with your process. Design Proposal A program for designers to hone their process
Prepared by Yessi Arifin 11 November 2013 For Maria Gabriele ysdn 4004: Design Workshop
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Acknowledgements Yessi Arifin Design Lead Maria Gabriele Academic Supervisor
With gratitude to my peers at the York/Sheridan Design Program, fellow student designers I got to know, and professional designers whom I admire who shared their process and contributed to this design proposal.
The images in this document are for illustration purposes only and do not necessarily represent the ideas, individuals, or contexts which they are used to illustrate. The photos of individuals that appear in this publication do not correspond to those beig discussed in the portion of the text or the respondent quotation in which their image appears.
Be intune with your process
a design proposal
Contents
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4 Overview 5 Methodology 7 Synthesis 11
Target Participants
15 Demographic 17
Core Proposition
29 Revenue Model
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Overview intune lab is an incubator for designers to become more aware and hone their processes through trying out different approaches, reflecting, and sharing their process with a supportive community of designers. Currently, the market is saturated with workshops on topics such as human-centered design and lean development, targetted towards designers and professionals. An example is the Luma Institute. Illinois Institute of Technology has created a Master of Design Methods, in which students can learn about design processes. However, there seems to be a lack of reflection and adoption of crossdisciplinary approaches in the program. intune lab will be the first program of its kind to offer space and materials for practicing designers to intentionally develop and reflect on their processes. It will benefit designers in promoting personal growth, cultivating self-realization, improving confidence, improving self-assurance, reducing stress, and promoting overall well-being. In the future, non-designers may also be able to learn design processes from intune lab to enrich the lacking discourse in design methods.
Be intune with your process
a design proposal
The program will consist of a workshop and online exercises, promoted through social media and a landing page. Throughout the development of intune lab, I will be piloting approaches I learn from primary qualitative research in my interviews with practicing designers. I will also be trying out rigorous and methodical development research methods through the project, in particular participatory research. Lastly, I will be incorporating my knowledge in lean startup development from the business sector in the development of intune lab. I will be utilizing surveys and interviews to garner feedback throughout the process for iterations. To clarify, the product of this project is not only in the final artifact or service, but rather in its process. Therefore, the process will be documented throughout and presented in the end in an interactive narrative format.
Methodology
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In-depth Interviews Purpose in-depth interviews were conducted for: 1. finding out an appropriate target audience for intune, characterized with being challenged by the projects they are working on right now. 2. building customer relationships for participant recruitment of the intune program in the near future. 3. finding out what content to develop first for the program, by discovering specific parts of the process where these designers are especially challenged.
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06 Participant Breakdown
3. S 6. P 10. P 5. S 11. S 7. S 9. P 4. S 1. S 2. S 8. S
3 Practicing Designers (P) 2 Practicing less than 10 years 1 Practicing more than 10 years
8 Student Designers (S) 5 Senior YSDN students 2 Junior YSDN students 1 Junior OCAD students
participants were recruited through a non-probability and purposive sampling, meaning that I drew from what I know about the design community and the probable target audience for this project. I utilized connections available to me to recruit participants for the in-depth interviews. Therefore, findings in this exploratory study are unsuited for generalizations of designers who presently work in Toronto. Samples were conducted based on my identification of designers who would likely participate in the pilot of intune. It is important to note that the designers I interviewed, who have practiced less than 10 years, all operated a soleproprietorship or is a freelance designer. The one designer who practiced more than 10 years is a design educator from the York/Sheridan Design Program. They currently practice design on a part-time basis. Their opinions may vastly differ from full-time senior designers or principals working in the field due to the particularity of their situation.
Be intune with your process
Interview Length
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01:38:08 01:11:46 01:02:53 01:01:50 00:41:46 00:38:13 00:30:35 00:30:04 00:21:33 00:20:47 00:20:45
Max
Median
Min
Mean: 00:45:18
participants were asked open-ended questions in the qualitative and in-depth interviews. I began with a general plan of inquiry and established design process as a general theme for the interviews. A standardized set of questions were not followed. However, recurring questions that I asked were, “How did your process evolve in the beginning of your practice to the present?” and I often began the interview with, “Tell me about a project that posed the most challenge for you.” My purpose in conducting the interviews was to look for explanations in what part of the design process was most challenging to designers and gain insight on recurring patterns and processes between designers’ approaches. The numbers above indicates the order I conducted the interview
Synthesis
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Overview 1. Primary: Self-direction Associated problem/solution areas: 1a. Primary priority: Problem definition 1b. Primary priority: Work planning 1c. Tertiary priority: Awareness of personal design process Associated solution: 1d. Secondary priority: Documentation 1e. Secondary priority: Support group 1a. Tertiary priority: Sharing processes 8 out of 11 designers interviewed engage in projects that require self-direction. They identified a challenge in “knowing when to move on” and “staying on track.” These are related to not having an intentional design process in work planning. 10 out of 11 designers also feel overwhelmed by their work, indicating a challenge in problem definition in specifically scoping the project out and relating their to their overall well-being.
2. Secondary: Cross-disciplinary Associated problem/solution areas: 2a. Primary priority: Problem definition 2b. Primary priority: Work planning 2c. Tertiary priority: Identifying and seeking resources
10 out of 11 designers interviewed indicated their challenging project as one that requires cross-disciplinary knowledge and skills. However, it does not appear to be a primary challenge as participants noted that they can comfortably identify and seek resources to address the project need. However, projects that are cross-disciplinary make work planning a challenge, as designers are operating in an unfamiliar context without prior experience, may not know the steps to developing the project, may not know how to move forward and set milestones, and may not be able to estimate a timeline.
3. Tertiary: Various Stakeholders Associated problem/solution areas: 1a. Tertiary priority: Sharing processes Associated problem/solution areas: 2a. Sharing process 7 out of 11 designers indicated that their challenging project involved a lot of stakeholders. However, 73% of the designers I engaged are students or sole proprietors who engage with mostly independent work or small design projects. Therefore, the lack of identified need in engaging various stakeholders relative to other categories reflect the biased sampling method rather than a generalization that designers do not have to engage various stakeholders.
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08 Problem
Solution
1. Problem Definition
3. Documentation
Seeing if one should take the project on 1. Overall well-being: 1a. Goal – knowing how the project relates to one’s values and overall goals 1b. Capacity 1b i. Time – knowing if one has enough time to take on the project
Learning from mistakes and successes 3. Reflection 3a. Resource – for sharing or developing future work plan 3b. Intention – becoming more intentional
2. Work Planning Eliminating wasteful processes 2. Outlining steps: 2a. Milestones – indicating progress 2b. Logical progression – knowing what needs to get done before moving on 2b i. Setting objectives – knowing how each action contribute to the overall project development Problem definition and work planning are discussed separately to indicate the stage in project development where the activity mostly occurs. They are both interrelated in reality, with both occuring throughout the process. In the end of the day, adoption of these processes will result in a greater well-being of the designer and reduction of stress.
Be intune with your process
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4. Support group Being in a supportive community 4a. Resource – for developing approach 4b. Support – for overall well-being 4c. Sharing – for externalizing and testing their process I am still in the early stages of developing my own process and I acknowledge that I do not know how to operate as optimally as someone who is more experienced than me. Rather than sharing an optimal methodology, I will be sharing a starting point in process development through intune that can easily be routinized or fit into the participant’s existing process no matter their level of experience. All the designers I interviewed already began to form their individual processes. It does not make sense to tell them to adopt a new one as they have overtime developed a process that works for them. These solutions are meant to complement their developed process.
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Problem Illustration Below is a comparison of an undeveloped and honed process of designers’ common challenges in problem definition and work planning
Evaluation/Design
Mental Model
Problem Definition Random A lot more failed attempts are made and more time are spent in research or design that does contribute the project in the end. There is usually a lack of continuity between revision s, as the designer does not plan or learn from previou s attempts to develop the projec t intentionall y.
Defined Solution
Honed Defined Proble m
Revised proble m understandin g with lighter shades indica ting earlier attempts
Data collectio n with revised problem understandin g in mind
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Note that the defined problem near the end of the process are identified within the scope of earlier attempts to define the problem , as the scope is bigger. The designe r usuall y notices themes that recurs and gains an understandin g of the problem in this way.
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Design Process Development Below is a generalization of how designers change the focus of their process in time. I did not conduct an intentional synthesis to produce this diagram, thus this should be regarded as a very rough pattern of the design process. I also have a lack of participants representing the senior level. Nonetheless, the purpose of this diagram is to act as a descriptor for the user personas to follow.
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Target Participants
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In this section, I will be applying the findings from the synthesis into an outline of the target audience for intune.
intune is a program for designers who currently identify with working on a challenging project. They are interested in learning to tackle the project effectively as they are self-starting and perpetual learners. They are likely between the ages of 20 to 30, a recent graduate with 1 – 3 years of working experience or a senior undergraduate or masters student working on an independent project. All the potential participants work in the creative field. Gender is irrelevant to indicate potential target participants for intune. Target participants will most likely live in an urban and metropolitan area, as most design work is focused there. While the pilot focuses on Toronto, other cities where intune can possibly launch and thrive include design hotspots such as New York, London, San Francisco, Paris, Chicago, Berlin, Zurich, Tokyo, Oslo, Hong Kong, Glasgow, Amsterdam, Boston, Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle, and Vancouver.
Here are brief user scenarios of potential target participants for intune:
Here are same some working situations of ideal participants for intune:
a. Primary: They may be developing their first long-term and complex independent project.
a. Primary: Working solo or alone with no partners or support group.
b. Secondary: They may be sole proprietors and developing their business independently.
b. Primary: Lack of previous experiences of working in similar project.
c. Tertiary: They may be a new designer in a company with no designers, set design procedures, or experience collaborating with one
c. Secondary: Working with lack of structures and established processes, such as in non-design related agencies or with new businesses.
d. Tertiary: They may be shifting careers or working in a new discipline, either from different discipline to design or from design to different discipline.
d. Tertiary: Lack of resources or lack of methodological knowledge to access resources
Information of design hotspots obtained from: http://images.businessweek.com/ss/08/06/0625_ design_cities/
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Amy Persona 1:
Content List
Intuitive Process
1. Problem Definition 1a. Goal 1b. Capacity 1b i. Time
Indifferent Indifferent Indifferent Indifferent
2. Work Planning 2a. Milestones 2b. Logical progression 2b i. Set objectives
Interested Interested Interested Not Interested
3. Documentation 3. Reflection 3a. Resource 3b. Intention
Indifferent Interested Indifferent Indifferent
4. Support group 4a. Resource 4b. Support 4c. Sharing
Not interested Not interested Not interested Not interested
Development stage: Newborn Age: 21 Location: Toronto, ON Occupation:
User Scenario
Post-graduate student in Urban Planning
Amy is a graduate of a design program focusing on art criticism, fine arts, and history. She is visionary, idealistic, and passionate about visual culture and art activism. She applied to a Master of Urban Planning program and impressed the supervisors with her theoretical knowledge and passion about activism and culture. However, she lacked the prerequisite to this program as she usually worked on small graphic design pieces, such as for posters, art events, and music covers. She had to develop an independent and self-directed project for her program. She was excited about the project and dove right into it, without asking questions or having a broad understanding of planning. She relied on her intuition. She encountered unforeseen challenges on the way and consequently was behind in the development of her project. reason in attending intune: While she embraces failure, Amy became frustrated at the lack of progress and chaos of the process after two months of working on the project. She tried every method she had in her disposal and identified rigour, method, and intention as a possible approach to her complex project.
Be intune with your process
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Income: $0 – 10,000 Key values: Autonomy, Creativity, Artistic, Expression, Freedom, Love, Passion Interaction preference: Face-to-face Tool preference: Print (book) Programmatic Concerns: Becoming rigid Social: Attends intimate meetups but not events
Joe
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Content List
Inadequate Process
1. Problem Definition 1a. Goal 1b. Capacity 1b i. Time
Indifferent Interested Indifferent Indifferent
2. Work Planning 2a. Milestones 2b. Logical progression 2b i. Set objectives
Interested Interested Interested Indifferent
3. Documentation 3. Reflection 3a. Resource 3b. Intention
Not interested Not interested Not interested Not interested
4. Support group 4a. Resource 4b. Support 4c. Sharing
Interested Interested Interested Interested
Development stage: Child Age: 24 Location: Toronto, ON Occupation: Self-employed
User Scenario
Graphic Designer Income: $45,000 – 50,000
Joe has a background in marketing but is practicing as a visual designer to brand a neighbourhood organization. Gabe is a busy person who has graduated school for two years and is now self-employed. His working hours are flexible. He has done branding projects in the past, but they were for private and small businesses. This is his first branding project with a nonprofit client and he did not acknowledge the difference in organizational structure that may affect project development. reason in attending intune: He scoped out the project to last three months, but halfway through the process he realized he was running in circles and was not progressing in his process. There were many tiers of approvals, everybody had different needs, and the organization’s vision was unclear. He was not sure what to do. He felt stressed and lost.
Key values: Achievement, Affluence, Confidence, Connection, Credibility, Optimism, Skillfulness, Success Interaction preference: Email and Twitter Tool preference: Mobile application, Print (book) Programmatic Concerns: Program not rigorous or proven to work Social: Attends meetups and events frequently
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Beth Persona 3:
Content List
Excessive Process
1. Problem Definition 1a. Goal 1b. Capacity 1b i. Time
Interested Interested Interested Interested
2. Work Planning 2a. Milestones 2b. Logical progression 2b i. Set objectives
Indifferent Indifferent Interested Interested
3. Documentation 3. Reflection 3a. Resource 3b. Intention
Interested Interested Interested Interested
4. Support group 4a. Resource 4b. Support 4c. Sharing
Not interested Not interested Indifferent Indifferent
Development stage: Teen Age: 27 Location: Toronto, ON Occupation: Designer and Program
User Scenario
Assistant
Beth was a Master of Architecture student who completed a diploma in graphics management beforehand. Right after graduation, she was hired as a designer and coordinator in a program about human rights at the university she studied at. Her previous jobs and training have always been defined and regimented. Thus she is unfamiliar with her new work environment, where there are no set processes in place and relative freedom. While she feels insecure throughout her process, she still wants to appear capable and as if she knows what he is doing, so she overcompensates by being extremely thorough in his process, presenting projects that were not requested, and doing much more work than warranted. reason in attending intune: Beth was frustrated at the wastefulness of her process and how she cannot keep up with the deadlines at work. She has always been very responsible. This is Beth’s first time in experiencing a chaotic project development.
Income: $30,000 – 45,000 Key values: Acceptance, Kindness, Righteousness, Balance, Benevolence , Calmness, Dilligence, Simplicity Interaction preference: Face-to-face and Email Tool preference: Print (book), Website Programmatic Concerns: Becoming more confused Social: Attends meetups and events with friends
Be intune with your process
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Demographics I consulted StatsCan Census and Labour Force Survey, as well as the survey that the RGD conducted to provide a rough quantitative estimate of how prevalent the findings from the interviews I conducted.
85% are under 50 years old
15 Graphic Design
64%
Englis h/Communic ations
11%
Fine Art
11%
Other
10%
Marketing/Advertisin g
7%
Interacti ve/Web Design
6%
Master’s Degree/MBA
6%
No Formal Education
5%
Business/Finance
3%
1. Various Backgrounds
2. Young Workforce
According to the survey that the Registered Graphic Designers (rgd) conducted in 2013 of Graphic Designers in Canada, 70% of surveyed practicing designers had a graphic or interactive design educational background, see above for breakdown. This shows that 30% of practicing designers has no prior knowledge in design processes, indicating a possible
According to the 2006 census, there were 24,000 graphic designers and illustrators in Ontario. This is a young workforce compared to other occupations in Ontario. 85% of graphic designers and illustrators are under 50 years old. Age can be a rough indicator for level of experience. Designers that do not have a body of experience to draw from tend to be less aware of and have more haphazard processes. They may identify a need for a more rigorous and methodical
need for a program that can introduce them to the process.
process, indicating a need for intune.
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Be intune with your process
16 26%
For Profit Organizatio n 17%
Advertisin g or Marketing Agency
15%
Graphic Design Firm 9%
Interactive/Web/Digital Agency Education Institution
7%
Publishing Organizatio n
7%
Government
6%
Not for Profit/Charitabl e Org.
6% 5%
Communications Fir m Other
2%
3. Various Fields
4. Rate of Self-employment
According to the survey that the Registered Graphic Designers (rgd) conducted in 2013 of Graphic Designers in Canada, 52% were not working in a design related field, indicating that they are working in a setting with no set design processes, see above for a breakdown. This displays a possible need for a program where designers can learn to create their own processes.
36% of Graphic Designers and Illustrators were selfemployed, while the average for all occupations was 15% in Canada according to the Labour Force Survey (2012). Selfemployment is an indicator of a need for a more honed and intentional design process. There is a lack of pre-established processes for the designer to follow, relative to working in an agency, displaying a need for intune.
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Core Proposition
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Build confidence in designers through learning a reflective practice in a supportive community. Keywords
Summary of Deliverables
Personal, introspection, reflective, experential, discussion
1. (A) 3 Surveys 2. (B) Landing Page 3. (C) 4 Blog Posts 4. (D) 3 Online Exercises 5. (E) 5 Email Newsletters 6. (F) Workshop 7. (G) Interactive Documentation
Benefit Promoting personal growth, cultivating self-realization, improving confidence, improving self-assurance, reducing stress, promoting overall well-being, encouraging balance,
Barrier Lack of commitment, lack of credibility, rigidity, shyness
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Project Timeline http://goo.gl/Gqb7K8 For my own reference in developing this project: (D) Data Collection, (S) Synthesize, (A) Analyze, and (H) Hypothesize Week 1: November 18 – November 25 • (H) Finish developing brand and name • (H) Finish developing splash page minimum viable prototype (MVP), build in user testing into the splash page to gauge interest in the workshop. • (S)(A) Refine preliminary survey #1 Week 2: November 25 – December 2 • (D) Launch splash and set up social media (Twitter) • (D) Distribute surveys to validate need and develop solution • (H) Develop registration survey #2 Week 3: December 2 – December 9 • (D) Distribute survey #1 to validate need and develop solution • (S) Synthesize survey #1 data • (A)(H) Begin to develop content for workshop, online exercise, and blog • (A)(H) Begin to develop content • Develop and add blog on website Week 4: January 6 – January 13 • (D) Launch survey #2 on website to get registrations • (D) Distribution and promotion over social media • (A)(H) Develop content for workshop and blog
Be intune with your process
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Week 5: January 13 – January 20 • (S) Synthesize survey #2 data • (A)(H) Refine content for workshop, online exercise, and blog • Distribution and promotion over social media • Book venue and recruit an assistant for documentation Week 6: January 20 – January 27 • (A)(H) Finalize content for workshop and blog • (H) Release blog post and online exercise #1 before workshop • Email newsletter confirmation for workshop Week 7: January 27 – February 3 • (D) Conduct workshop • (S) Synthesize workshop data • (A)(H) Refine blog post and online exercise #2 • (A)(H) Develop survey #3a Week 8: February 3 – February 10 • Email newsletter • (D) Release blog post and online exercise #2 • (A)(H) Release survey #3a • (S)(A)(H) Refine blog post and online exercise #3 from feedback
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Project Timeline Week 9: February 10 – February 17 • Email newsletter • (D) Release blog post and online exercise #3 • (A)(H) Release survey #3b • (S)(A)(H) Develop evaluation blog post #4 from feedback Week 10: February 17 – February 24 • Email newsletter • (D) Release blog post #4 • (S)(A) Plan interactive and multimedia documentation in post-evaluation video interviews of voluntary participants Week 11: February 24 – March 3 • (S)(A) Conduct post-evaluation video interviews of voluntary participants
Week 14: March 24 – March 31 • (S)(A) Develop interactive and multimedia (web and video) documentation in narrative form of methodology, process, product, and evaluation. Week 15: March 31 – April 7 • (S)(A) Develop interactive and multimedia (web and video) documentation in narrative form of methodology, process, product, and evaluation. Week 16: April 7 – April 14 • (S)(A) Develop interactive and multimedia (web and video) documentation in narrative form of methodology, process, product, and evaluation. Week 17: April 14 – April 21 • (S)(A) Launch documentation on portfolio, landing page, and social media
Week 12: March 3 – March 10 • (S)(A) Develop interactive and multimedia (web and video) documentation in narrative form of methodology, process, product, and evaluation. Week 13: March 17 – March 24 • (S)(A) Develop interactive and multimedia (web and video) documentation in narrative form of methodology, process, product, and evaluation.
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Key Deliverables (A) Surveys
(E) Email Newsletter
1.
1. 2.
2.
3.
Week 2 on November 25, Open from November 25 to January 6: Survey to validate need and develop solution, ie. (a) quantify findings from in-depth interviews to prioritize content to be developed to address need (b) quantify interest how the solution can be shared, ie. workshop, online etc. Week 4 on January 6: Release survey for registration to concretize need in content development and form participant groups. Week 8 to Week 10: Release survey for feedback on workshop, blog post, and online exercises
(F) Workshop 1.
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Week 2 on November 25: Release splash page, preliminary sign up “be notified when registrations are open,” route to survey. Week 4 on January 6: Release registration page Week 6 on January 20: Release blog & exercise #1 Week 8 on February 3: Release blog & exercise #2 Week 9 on February 10: Release blog & exercise #3 Week 10 on February 17: Release blog #4 Week 17 on April 14: Release documentation
Be intune with your process
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Week 7 on February 1: Conduct Workshop
(G) Interactive Documentation 2.
(B) Landing Page (C) Blog (D) Online Exercise
Week 7 – 10: Email Newsletter Week 17: Email Newsletter
Week 17 on April 14: Release documentation
Workshop The workshop will encourage participant interaction between one another so that they will share their knowledge with one another to foster construction of new knowledges and understanding of their design process. A relatively homogenous group in level of experience will be recruited through an online survey, splash page, word of mouth, and social media. I will be aiming for 6 – 10 participants for the session. Notes: Establish safe space, Achieve balance in Active vs. Reflective, Visual vs. Verbal, Sensing vs. Intuitive, Sequential vs. Global kinds of learning. Utilizing Just in Time Teaching to post resource before class. Activity: 1. Introduction to program 2. Identify own weakness 3. Discussion of program 4. Create personal plan
Photos are from http://thinkpublic.com/
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Surveys Survey #1:
Survey #2:
This survey will aim to assess the following: • The learner must be willing to be actively involved in the experience • The learner must be able to reflect on the experience • The learner must possess and use analytical skills to conceptualize the experience • The learner must possess decision making and problem solving skills in order to use the new ideas gained from the experience. From http://m.utoledo.edu/success/celcs/experiential.html Survey #3:
This survey will aim to evaluate effectiveness of exercises and workshops in terms of behavioural change and motivation.
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Web Components Mockup www.intunelab.com
BUILD CONFIDENCE in your design process
This landing page expresses the elusiveness of the creative process by using an aurora borealis back drop against what designers typically look like on the outside during the process of design. I decided to use a photograph, because users tend to respond better in landing pages with a photograph of a person than not. I also use icons heavily to illustrate certain information. Please see “Investigate > ysdn4004_visualdirection� to see other visual directions I researched on, along the themes of enlightenment and reflection.
Develop Self Awareness
Problem
Identify Resource s
Engage Stakeholders
Evaluate Approaches
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Inspirations
Images and screenshots from http://www.squarespace.com/, https://apps.facebook.com/expediafindyourstory/, and http:// www.behance.net/.
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Inspirations
Images and screenshots from https://www.marmosetmusic. com/ and http://www.farfromthetree.com/.
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Online Exercise
The online exercise will include program and activity description to do for that week. The exercise will contain resources and instructions. Images from plusacumen.org/courses/acumen-leadershipessentials/.
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Blog
Images and screenshots from https://www.medium.com
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Interactive Documentation Examples: Riding the New Silk Road
A Short History in the Highrise
1. http://www.nytimes.com/ newsgraphics/2013/07/21/silk-road/
2. http://www.nytimes.com/projects/2013/high-rise/
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Revenue Model
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If I had a part-time or full-time job: Weekly: 10 workshops x 10 people Monthly: 40 workshops x 10 people Yearly: 400 people x 12 months Annual Revenue: 4800 instances x $20/monthly cost + (40+) x $20 revenue from books = $96,800 Annual Cost: 480 workshops x $15 per hour space rental + (40+) x $10 cost for books = $7,600 Annual Profit: $89,200
If I was working on this full-time: Weekly: 56 workshops (8 workshops x 7 days) x 20 people Monthly: 224 workshops x 20 people Yearly: 4480 people x 12 months Annual Revenue: 53760 instances x $20/monthly cost + (4480+) x $20 revenue from books = $ 1,164,800 Annual Cost: $4000/monthly rent x 12 months + 2 full-time co-facilitators x $30,000 + $30,000 admin assistant + (4480+) x $10 cost for books = $182,800 Annual Profit: $982,000
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