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GENERAL CONTENTS
YES Volume 15
This page should help you to navigate the magazine in general. Notice that on pages 6, 27, 72, 87 and 111 there are more details for each section of the magazine.
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61 Audio Download Code: To download the audio files for this issue, please go to the 'Downloads' page on www.yes-mag.com for instructions. You will need the code given above to access the files. www.yes-mag.com // facebook.com/YesZine // @yeszine
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How to Use Your English Supplement
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 20 24
Current Affairs Contents News and Anecdotes Sports News Language News Sports Science News Science News Internet News Technology: mass extinction at the job centre Feature: Creativity Politics: an independent Scotland? The Economics of Sport
27 Culture Contents SPORTS DOSSIER 28 Soccer: the politics of football, soccer idioms, team names 38 Boxing: women boxers, famous boxers, boxing idioms 42 Ice hockey: the curious origin of the puck, idioms 44 Golf: terminology, jargon, origin, landmarks, idioms 50 Tennis: history, a tennis legend, grunts and expressions 54 Baseball: American cricket?, idioms, the World Series and Fidel Castro 58 American football, gridiron, the Ivy League and American English 61 Basketball: Christian pacifism and the genuinely American sport 64 Motor Racing: is it a real sport?, motor expressions 68 Cinema: Amazing Grace Kelly 72 73 74 75 76 78 82
Grammar Contents: The Language of Sport Visualizing Vocabulary Collocation: sports you ‘play’ and sports you don’t US vs UK: sports terminology Sporting False Friends Pronunciation: euphony and sports Sporting Phrasal Verbs
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Picture Description
87 88
Audio Scripts Contents Audio Scripts
111 Exercises Contents 112 Exercises 134 135
Staff and contact addresses In next month’s issue
YES 15 | 3
demise2 of humanity. This is not just something that Hollywood scriptwriters3 think about. Such things worry computer-programming expert Jaan Tallinn, co-founder of Skype, Huw Price, professor4 of philosophy at Cambridge,
How to Use Your English Supplement
and Lo Colleg Study Par capaci dicted From telligen ‘the Si beings
SYMBOLS
Each page-long article in the magazine has been created to be used more or less independently so that you can learn and practise even if you only have five or ten minutes free. At the same time, the symbols below allow you to develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare a class or classes around a common theme.
Exercise (at the end of the magazine). Test and consolidate what you have learned.
THE EN
Speaking extension. A question aimed at provoking a group discussion of the topic in question.
Photo by GabboT
to bring about (bring-broughtbrought) – cause 2 demise – end, decline 3 scriptwriter – sb. who writes the script (= text) of a movie 4 professor – (false friend) head 1
Downloadable audio file (see also audio scripts). There are recommendations on how best to use the audio files on p. 87.
This arrow directs you to other related articles in the magazine.
p. 40
6, 22
p. 6
of department at a university, senior academic 5 to set up (set-set-set) – create, establish 6 to arise (arise-arose-arisen) – emerge, occur
p.6
ABBREVIATIONS KEY Listening extension (Internet). Once you’ve learned the basic vocabulary of a topic, why not listen to further discussions? 4 | YES 15
These are the only abbreviations you have to know to use this magazine: sb. = somebody sth. = something swh. = somewhere [U] = uncountable noun [C] = countable noun
Some will be idea: f robots in our gent b octopu experi licate t ity can as dra simply obsole from v 1925, “ but a w
speed from t 9 naïve – 10 to tre 11 scena thetic
7
8
phone antennas. There is little danger of the message being garbled5 – as it is in the game of Chinese whispers6 – because it is so simple: “danger predator”.
FOOTNOTES
The superscript numbers in the text refer to the footnotes at the bottom or at the side of the same page. The footnotes explain the difficult vocabulary as determined by our non-native proofreaders. Like you, these proofreaders are learners so they are able to identify the exact words you need to know to understand the sentence. Definitions are given in English, so that you learn to think in English and these definitions are then checked by the non-native proofreaders to ensure that you will understand them. Some words are defined by pictures: we use these visual stimuli when that is the best way to fix an idea in your memory. Read the definition or look at the illustration and then re-read the sentence in question. By working with English-language footnotes you will rapidly increase your vocabulary and learn how English words relate to each other, all of which will have a dramatic impact on your fluency and self-confidence1 . Some readers find it useful to put their finger next to the word in the article that they are looking for in the footnotes to make it easier to return to the text afterwards. Either way, it shouldn’t be difficult to find your place because the footnotes are numbered and the words are highlighted in bold. Notice that the syllables and words that should be stressed2 are underlined. Red footnotes give extra cultural (rather than linguistic) information, or they refer you to other articles.
PHONEMIC SYMBOLS Here are the phonemic symbols that we use which might cause you problems.
Consonants
Meanwhile9, a study from Anglia Rus sity has found that African elephants plan on cropland11 to coincide with the new m raids are more frequent and more substa the nights are darkest. This suggests that stand that darkness lowers the risk of bei farmers12. Or perhaps they know that hu less and more lightly13 when there is a fu
MY NAME IS FLI
Dolphins have a signature whistle14 whi identify themselves and to identify others hear a familiar whistle they will repeat it b acquaintance15, which they don’t do for whistle. Moreover, a study from the Unive cago has now found that dolphins remem signature whistles14 after more than 20 gesting they have the best memory in the Photo by Ikiwaner
NOT-SO-CARNIVOROUS CROCS7
Research from the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Charleston, South Carolina, has confirmed decades of anecdotal reports: over half the existing crocodilian species supplement their diet with fruit. It seems that at least 13 of the 23 species of crocodiles and alligators in the world today eat fruit as well as meat. warning (adj.) – alarm to bang – beat, hit to pick up – receive 4 to relay – resent 5 garbled – incoherent, meaningless 6 Chinese whispers (UK English) – broken telephone (US English) 7 croc – (colloquial) crocodile 8 full moon – when the complete disc of the moon is visible 1
(associated with werewolves) meanwhile – at the same time raid – surprise attack 11 cropland – arable farms 12 farmer – agriculturalist 13 more lightly – less deeply 14 signature whistle – high-frequency sound that identifies an individual 15 acquaintance – known individual, (in this case) friend
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3
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2
1
self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’) to stress sth. – emphasize, underline
2
/ʧ/ as in church, watch /ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action /ʤ/ as in judge, gesture /ʒ/ as in measure, vision /j/ as in yes /θ/ as in thick, path /ð/ as in this, breathe /ŋ/ as in sing
Pure Vowels
/æ/ as in cat /ʌ/ as in cut /ə/ as in occur, supply, aroma /ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn /ɔ:/ as in court, warn
Dipthongs
/iə/ as in ear, here /eə/ as in air, there
YES 15 | 5
CURRENT AFFAIRS
This section of the magazine offers short news stories organized thematically:
7 8 9 10 11
News - anecdotes from around the world. Sports News - some more sports anecdotes from around the world. Language News - stories from the world of linguistics Sports Science News - what scientists have to say about sports Psychology and Health News - what’s up in the world of science Exercise 2
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Internet: Google’s Self-Driving Car - Bye-bye taxi-drivers Internet: The Facebook Messenger App - Friend or Foe?
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION 7 10
Speak: using technology to enhance sports performance is no better than using performance-enhancing drugs – discuss.
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Speak: what, in your opinion, are the skills of the future?
Watch: for another (apocalyptic) Darwinian model of the economy, watch billionaire Nick Hanauer’s brilliant analysis at: http://goo.gl/3wGSKa
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14 Technology: - machines and mass unemployment 16 Creativity: - how to foster the spark that could keep you in employment Exercise 29 20 Politics: self-determination in western Europe - the Scottish case Exercise 18 24 25 26
6 | YES 15
Economics: the Economics of Soccer - Can money buy success? Economics: Why Female Tennis Stars Earn More than the Men - Equal pay for equal work? Economics: Should teammates get equal pay? - teammates or competing employees? Exercise 9
Watch: a short first-hand account of the incident at the cricket match in Accrington: http://goo.gl/tVZVZE
Speak: do you agree with the ‘right to self-determination’ or do you think all of today’s borders should be permanent? Watch: here is a Financial Times review of a recent debate about Scottish Independence: http://goo.gl/sTrc2e
Sports Science
ZONED OUT
One of the most entrenched1 ideas in sport is that sportsmen and women experience a metaphysical influence known as ‘hot hand’ in basketball (and gambling2) and ‘being in the zone’ or ‘being on a winning streak’3 in other sports. ‘Hot hand’ refers to the belief that success breeds4 success in random 5 processes. Unfortunately, people generally have a very poor understanding of probability and tend to need an ‘explanation’ for any sequence. As David Runciman of Cambridge University states6, “we can’t distinguish between statistically meaningless7 sequences and the march of destiny”. Of course players’ performances can change due to8 non-random 5 events such as recovering from injury9, new equipment, performance-enhancing drugs10 and personal problems but this is not ‘hot hand’. Apparently, there is one exception that proved the rule: free throws in basketball. A 2011 study from the University of Yale analysed 300,000 such foul shots11 and found evidence to support12 ‘hot hand’ in this specific case.
THE SOUTHPAW13 ADVANTAGE
In confrontation sports – from tennis to boxing – left-handers are twice as common at the professional level (20%) as they are in the general population (10%). Incredibly, 30-40% of professional fencers14 are southpaws13. While there is some evidence that communication between the hemispheres is faster in left-handers’ brains, the real reason for the southpaw13 advantage is that left-handers get much more practice confronting righthanders than right-handers do against left-handers. Being left-handed is no advantage in non-confrontation sports such as running or skiing. Indeed15, in polo wielding16 the mallet17 with your left hand is prohibited.
A southpaw pitcher
Photo by Chris Ptacek
A WOMAN’S PLACE
Basic physiology means that men will outcompete18 women in most sports (remembering that most sports were designed by men and for men, anyway). There are a few sports in which women have a natural advantage – such as long-distance swimming, ultra-marathons and free-diving19. However, it is interesting to note that women have traditionally been discouraged from20 many sports in which men do not have a physical advantage – such as darts21, shooting, motor racing and snooker22. A free-diver entrenched – well established gambling – risking money on games of chance (e.g. in a casino) 3 streak – run, spell, period, phase 4 to breed (breed-bred-bred) – lead to, result in 5 random – arbitrary, aleatory (technical) 6 to state – say, declare 7 meaningless – that are not significant 8 due to – because of
injury – (false friend) lesions performance-enhancing drugs – anabolic steroid etc. 11 foul shot – (basketball) free throw 12 to support – corroborate, substantiate 13 southpaw – lefthander (especially in boxing) 14 fencer –
indeed – (emphatic) in fact to wield – (in this case) use 17 mallet – (false friend)
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10 | YES 15
Photo by Agata Bogusz wrakowe
to outcompete – surpass in a competitive situation 19 free-diving – sports of being in deep water as long as possible without using a respirator 20 to discourage sb. from sth. – dissuade sb. from participating in sth. 21 darts – 22 snooker – sport similar to billiards 18
2
Internet
FACEBOOK MESSENGER APP: FRIEND OR FOE1?
by Douglas Jasch douglasjasch@douglasjasch.com // @douglasjasch
O
ne blog from The Huffington Post published2 in December has gone viral, doing the rounds3 on social networks recently because it claims4 the Facebook Messenger App gives Facebook “direct control over your mobile device 5”. It also allows 6 Facebook to call phone numbers without a users’ intervention and send text messages without confirmation. The rumour is that Facebook will even be able to record your conversations. If true, this is very disturbing. The Facebook Messenger App is a stand-alone7 mobile messaging app that is separate to the main 8 Facebook sites and is for communication between Facebook users.
CONTROL OF OUR PHONES
It is certainly true that when you download the app, you have to agree to give a series of permissions including giving the app permission to access your camera, your phone contacts and so on9. However, Facebook’s Messenger App actually10 has the same terms and conditions as the normal Facebook site, and the same permissions as other similar apps. While at first the permissions it seeks11 might seem like an infringement of our civil liberties, in reality they are required to improve the user experience. For example, Facebook Messenger needs access to your phone’s microphone so that you don’t have to grant it access12 every time you make a phone call through it, which would be tedious. It also needs access to our pictures and videos when we want to share them with13 others. Getting the permissions upfront, means the app doesn’t have to ask you every time you use it.
foe – enemy to publish – make public, disseminate 3 to do the rounds (do-did-done) – circulate 4 to claim – say, declare, state 1
2
device – gadget, small electronic machine 6 to allow – permit, enable 7 stand-alone – independent 8 main – principal, primary 9 and so on – et cetera 5
Barañain (Navarra) Graffiti, by Zarateman
Big Brother is watching you!
BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING
So the good news is that despite the internet rumours, there doesn’t appear to be anything particularly sinister about the Facebook Messenger App itself. It isn’t any different from the popular messaging service Whatsapp. However, the amount14 of our personal information social networks, apps, online games and shops (through loyalty cards) are storing15 these days is of general concern16. It has never been truer that Big Brother is watching.
actually – (false friend) in fact to seek (seek-sought-sought) – ask for, solicit 12 to grant it access – give it permission to access 13 to share sth. with sb. – show 10 11
sth. to sb. amount – quantity 15 to store – (in this case) accumulate 16 concern – worry, preoccupation 14
YES 15 | 13
Creativity
CREATIVITY Any activity becomes creative when the doer1 cares about2 doing it right3, or doing it better.
JOHN UPDIKE
COMPLAINTS4 AND THE COMPLIANT5
A study published in The Academy of Management Journal in 2009 found that the most dissatisfied and outspoken6 employees were the most creative ones. The fact is complainers7 are people who are thinking about how things could be done better. One way of being creative is to listen to and be supportive of8 complainers7, and to reframe 9 their complaints4 as positive suggestions. By the same logic, if you are a boss, don’t demand conformity and subservience10; encourage 11 subordinates to reframe complaints as suggestions.
Go for a wander and let your mind wander
Photo by Marina Carresi
Remember that people who toe the line12 – receiving instructions and carrying them out13 without a murmur – are the easiest ones to replace with machines. Automation is the substitution of automatons with machines.
VARIED THINKING
Human automatons can easily be replaced by robots. the doer – the person who does sth. 2 to care about sth. – be worried about, be focused on 3 right – (in this case) correctly 4 complaint – objection, protest, criticism 5 the compliant – people who are docile and obedient 6 outspoken – vocal, frank in 1
16 | YES 15
Photo by Max Braun
expressing one’s opinion complainer – sb. who protests 8 to be supportive of – be sympathetic to, encourage 9 to reframe sth. – express sth. differently 10 subservience – servility, obedience 11 to encourage – incite, inspire 12 to toe the line – conform
7
Adopt a variety of thinking strategies to solve problems. Eureka moments don’t necessarily come from concentration and analysis, they can also be the product of a wandering14 mind. If a problem is knotty15, go for a walk, have a shower – do whatever you need to do to allow16 your brain to find its own way past17 the problem. Drifting18 thoughts are in fact a normal state of mind. One study suggests that our minds are wandering off topic19 as much as 47% of the time. Concentration is the key to analytical thinking and verbal reasoning. However, these skills20 tend to be detrimental to finding solutions that require a flash of inspiration. Indeed21, such is the dichotomy that people suffering from ADHD22 do better at tests that require flexible thinking to find imaginative solutions than those who do not. to carry sth. out – execute sth. wandering – drifting, digressing 15 knotty – complicated, perplexing 16 to allow – enable, permit 17 to find its own way past (find-found-found) – discover a solution for 18 drifting – digressing, 13
14
wandering to wander off topic – digress from the theme 20 skills – abilities, talents 21 indeed – (emphatic) in fact 22 ADHD – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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29
Politics
SELF-DETERMINATION
MEDITERRANEAN METHODS
STRATEGIES AGAINST SELF-DETERMINATION
In the 1990s the map of Eastern Europe changed profoundly with the appearance of Slovakia, Czechia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia, FYR1 Macedonia, Croatia, Moldova, etc. Some might suggest that a similar disintegration of nation states is about to take place2 in Western Europe – albeit3 with less bloodshed4. Britain, Spain, Belgium and Italy are all facing5 challenges to6 their integrity. Interestingly, the nature of the challenges is sharply7 different and the way in which the central authorities are dealing with8 them is very distinct. Only time will tell9 which central government has adopted the best strategy for national unity. If significant nationalist movements arise10 in other parts of Western Europe (such as Brittany or Bavaria), the governments concerned11 would do well to learn from the current experiences.
Saltires (=Scottish flags) at a Northern League meeting FYR – former (= ex-) Yugoslav Republic of 2 to take place (take-took-taken) – happen, occur 3 albeit – even if 4 bloodshed – lethal violence 5 to face – confront 6 challenge to – threat to, 1
20 | YES 15
THE BELGIUM ESTRANGEMENT15
Photo by Severino Damiolini
questioning of sharply – very, clearly 8 to deal with – tackle, manage 9 to tell (tell-told-told) – (in this case) reveal 10 to arise (arise-arose-arisen) – emerge 11 concerned – in question
7
The situation in Spain can be summed up12 succinctly. The immediate threat13 to Spanish unity comes from Catalan separatism. The Government’s response has simply been to deny14 the legality of Photo by Alex Sancliment any self-determination process and so to refuse to talk. On the other hand, the Lega Nord per l’Independenzia della Padania (‘the Northern League’) is so completely unpredictable that the national parties in Italy don’t really know how to deal Nothing to do with us! with8 them; though they have ‘independence’ in their name nobody – least of all the Lega! – knows if they are federalists or true nationalists. Like the Catalan CiU, the Northern League could demand independence when everyone least expects it.
Belgium is in many ways furthest down the road to 16 disintegration. The two halves of the country have separate political systems: Flemish political parties don’t take part in elections in the South; Walloon parties don’t participate in the politics of Flanders. Wallonia is culturally Catholic and votes for the Left, Flanders is culturally Protestant and votes for the Right. The Flemish N-VA, which won the elections recently doesn’t even believe in the existence of Belgium. The Belgium model is for gradual devolution until Belgium is “snuffed out17 slowly... like a candle 18, barely19 noticed by anyone” in the words of N-VA leader, Bart De Wever. In effect, there is nobody defending Belgium unity (with the possible exception of the shy20 new king, Philippe).
to sum up – summarize, synoptize 13 threat – danger, challenge 14 to deny – reject (opposite of ‘accept’) 15 estrangement – divergence, separation 16 furthest down the road to 12
– closest to to snuff out – extinguish 18 candle – 19 barely – hardly, not really 20 shy – timid 17
18
CULTURE
This section of the magazine offers...
Sports Dossier 28 29 30 31-33
Politics & Football: England’s National Sport? The Revolution in English Football Socialism and Soccer Football Idioms Exercise 31
34-37
Workers, Soldiers and Saints: the Names of English soccer teams Exercise 25
38 39 40-41
Boxing and sex Two unlikely boxing legends Boxing idioms Exercise 22
42-43 44 45 46-47 48 49
Ice Hockey: ballet and murder The etymology of golf Golfing jargon: birdies, eagles, albatrosses and condors Who invented golf? Golf is hell Golfing idioms Exercises 4, 5, 19, 34
50 51 52 53
The origins of tennis: monks and warmongers Lottie Dod: a tennis legend Quiet, Please! The tennis grunt Tennis expressions Exercise 10
54 55-56
Baseball: American cricket? Baseball idioms Exercise 24
57 58 59
The World Series Gridiron: American football American football and the language of the Ivy League Gridiron idioms Exercise 14
60
61 62 63
Basketball: the genuinely American sport Basketball and Christian pacifism Basketball expressions Exercise 23
64 65-66
Motor racing: is it really a sport? Motor racing idioms Exercise 33
67 68-71
Subscription Information Cinema: Amazing Grace Kelly Exercise 17
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION 28-29
Speak: should soccer teams return to being more ‘local’?
52
Watch: find out which tennis player’s grunt sounds like a little girl falling off a cliff by viewing: http://goo.gl/YqWPeV
54
Watch: you can watch Buster Keaton’s Allez Oop (20 minutes) at: http://goo.gl/iacVG8
Speak: Should a country concentrate on being good at a few sports?
Watch: a long-suffering US wife explains the rules of American football: http://goo.gl/6FCBCm
64
Speak: Is motor racing a real sport? And darts?
68
Watch: here’s a documentary about the life of Grace Kelly: http://goo.gl/z171JN
58
YES 15 | 27
Soccer
Socialism and Soccer in the USA
revenue11 is redistributed to other lesser clubs. What’s more, the salaries of top players are capped12. The result of this ‘socialistic’ system is that big teams don’t completely eclipse smaller ones, so they are more evenly matched13 and games are more exciting. No wonder14 tycoons15 prefer to invest in oligopolistic English soccer with its far more predictable results.
Communism vs. Soccer
In a brilliant sketch Monty Python has Karl Marx brought on as a substitution in the final minutes of the philosophy football world cup final (Germans vs. Ancient here is no space for soccer1 to become a mass spec- Greeks). 16 However, British Marxist philosopher, Terry tator sport in the USA. Sure it’s popular with small Eagleton, argues that modern football is – along with children – a kickaround2 is so easy to organize – but television – the opium of the people, and that significant once US boys become adolescents they drop3 soccer for social reform is impossible without the prior abolition of more ‘serious’ sports like gridiron4. football. Soccer provides a surrogate to17 solidarity for Moreover, Americans alienated workers who can, at think that team sports should the same time, express their be played with your hands, frustrations through ritualnot your feet. However the ized antagonism towards 18 biggest sin 5 of soccer 1 is rival clubs. Football is proudly that matches 6 often end in anti-intellectual while giving a draw7 – Americans have a fans the opportunity to disphobia against ties8. play19 astonishing erudition in their citing of past results The US Invasion and their analysis of matches. So, if Americans perceive “Football offers its followers soccer1 as a game for little beauty, drama, conflict, litchildren, why did US invesurgy, carnival and the odd tors 9 buy Liverpool FC a spot of20 tragedy”, according couple of years ago? One to Eagleton. It is “the supreme of the reasons given by the solution to the age-old 21 investors was that English dilemma of our political massoccer does not suffer from ters 22: what should we do the ‘very socialistic’ rules with them23 when they’re not that govern major US sports. working?” The money that big US teams However, the irony comes make from tickets, merfull circle24 when you realchandising and TV rights is ize25 across the USA there is taxed by the authorities that a network of communist and run 10 their leagues and the anarchist soccer leagues! 26 American John W. Henry of the Fenway Sports Group
T
Photo by Webjedi
in control of Liverpool FC soccer – football kickaround – informal game 3 to drop – (in this case) abandon 4 gridiron /ˡgridaiən/ – American football 5 sin – offence, failing 6 match – formal game 7 draw – end result in which neither side wins 8 tie – (in this case) draw7 1
2
30 | YES 15
investor – sb. who spends money to make a profit 10 to run – manage 11 revenue – income, earnings 12 to cap sth. – impose a limit on sth. 13 to be evenly matched – have a similar probability of winning 14 no wonder – it is not surprising that
9
tycoon – magnate http://goo.gl/Fn5YUt 17 surrogate to – substitute for 18 towards – (in this case) at, in relation to 19 to display – exhibit, demonstrate 20 the odd spot of – occasional 21 age-old – eternal 22 master – overlord, ruler 15
16
them – (in this case) the workers 24 to come full circle (comecame-come) – return to the beginning 25 to realize – (false friend) become conscious 26 for more information, read: http://goo.gl/DlBqdh 23
Ice Hockey
Ice Hockey This combination of ballet and murder. AL PURDY
P
robably the part in the world where ice hockey has its greatest following is in North America, though maybe the Russians wouldn’t agree. The most important competition, the National Hockey League (NHL), takes place1 in North America and, despite its name, includes teams from both the USA and Canada – where ice hockey is the national sport.
‘Hockey’: False Friend In the USA and Canada ‘hockey’ refers to ‘ice hockey’. However, in the UK, Australia and south Asia ‘hockey’ refers to ‘field hockey2 ’. Field hockey is the national sport of Pakistan.
Photo by Pierre-Yves Beaudouin
or artificial9, is of course in great abundance. The first league was composed of only four teams; two from Montreal, one from Ottawa and one from Quebec, who in fact, decided not to take part in the first league and were replaced by a team from Toronto. Its popularity has grown over the years and is now disputed between 30 teams separated into two divisions.
A Brief History
ICE HOCKEY IDIOMS
In 1879, ice hockey was invented at Montreal’s McGill University, originally with a ball rather than3 a puck4. However, on 3rd March 1875 the owner5 of the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, sick of ice hockey players breaking his windows with their ball, stormed onto6 the ice and cut the ball in half with a knife. This, after slight7 modifications, was the origin of the puck. The term ‘face-off’8 (with the corresponding verb ‘to face off’) was first used in 1896. The NHL was started in 1917 in Canada, where ice, whether it be real
>> faceoff [n.] = a face-to-face confrontation. Logically, the phrasal verb ‘to face off with sb.’ means to have a faceto-face confrontation.
to take place (take-took-taken) – occur 2 field hockey – hockey played on grass 3 rather than – instead of, as opposed to 4 (hockey) puck – frozen vulcanized rubber disc that is 2.5cm 1
42 | YES 15
>> hockey puck (US English) = a stupid or inept person
‘Ice Hockey’ by Childe Hassam
>> to execute a power play = (literally) take the offensive when the rival team is at a disadvantage because some of their players are in the sin bin10. = (metaphorically) take advantage of a competitor’s weakness.
thick and 7.6cm in diameter used like a ball in ice hockey 5 owner – proprietor 6 to storm onto – come angrily onto 7 slight – small, minor 8 faceoff – when the referee drops the puck between two
opposing players to start or restart the game 9 whether it be real or artificial – both real and artificial 10 sin bin – bench to which offending players can be sent for a period of time to penalize them during a game
Tennis
Quiet Please! The Tennis Grunt Rafael Nadal Photo by Vhale
A
number of top tennis players – from Rafa Nadal to Victoria Azarenka – are notorious1 for their grunts2 when they hit the ball. An extreme case is Maria Sharapova who once achieved3 a 101.2 decibel shriek4, which is comparable to the noise of the siren on a police car. Many of the grunters’ opponents complain 5 but officials cannot do anything unless they can show that the
grunters are making the noise on purpose, which is next to6 impossible.
Chi on Centre Court The grunters claim7 that their noises are just a release8 of energy – chi energy according to more mystic tennis enthusiasts. However, a study from Hardin-Simmons University in Abilene, Texas, found that grunting made no difference to the power of a serve. On the other hand, the sound of the racket9 striking the ball can give clues10 to a skilled11 player about the spin12 and the speed of the ball. If the racket stroke can’t be heard because of the racket13, this gives an illicit advantage to the grunter.
Rackets
Photo by Naparazzi
Victoria Azaranka
notorious – infamous grunt /grʌnt/ – low short guttural sound 3 to achieve – reach, attain 4 shriek – squeal, squawk, noise, 1
2
52 | YES 15
(in this case) grunt to complain – protest, object 6 to be next to – (in this case) practically, almost 7 to claim – say, state, declare 5
As the previous paragraph showed, ‘racket’ is a complicated word that can cause problems. It is always pronounced /ˡrækit/ but the sports implement can also be spelt ‘racquet’. Logically, the implements used in squash and badminton are also called ‘rackets’. You might be tempted to call the implement used in lacrosse ‘a racket’ but it is in fact ‘a stick’ (by analogy with hockey). The implement used in paddle tennis is called ‘a paddle’. Finally, a racket can also be a fraudulent activity: - He was accused of organizing a protection racket. release – liberation (tennis) racket – 10 clue – indication 11 skilled – talented, expert 8
12
9
13
spin – rotational movement racket – (in this case) loud unpleasant noise, (in this case) loud grunt
Cinema
Grace Kelly 18th April, 1956: ‘the Wedding of the Century’. It was the moment that global glamour was born; a Hollywood starlet had married into European royalty. Modern celebrity culture was born. And yet...
A Cinderella Story? Just three years later, in December 1961 Maurice Zolotov, who had known Grace Kelly during her Hollywood Photo by Robert LeRoy Knudsen years, reported that Grace was suffering “an almost neu- Princess Grace and Prince Rainier III rotic fear of crowds1 and hates to meet strangers2...”. He described her as “a sleepless3 woman who wanders4, announced that Princess Grace would appear during her often, during long nights through the silent corridors of summer vacation in a movie directed by Alfred Hitchthe palace, a prey to5 insomnia and ennui6. [...] She hates cock. Grace was happy again. At first Rainier thought the climate of Monaco. [...] When the hot winds blow7 Grace making Marnie was a good idea but then 3,500 across the Mediterranean, she becomes depressed and Monegasques protested that it would be obscene to gloomy8 and does not talk much”. see their princess playing a klepHe also said that she was shy9 and tomaniac who, moreover, would Photo by Sterling Publications introverted and suffered so much be kissed on screen13. So Rainier before great social events that from changed his mind and said she days before she couldn’t eat or couldn’t do it after all. sleep. It didn’t help that her ‘Prince When Grace had married RainCharming’ had been bedding 10 ier in 1956 she never thought one mistress11 after another almost that she wasn’t going to go back from the very beginning of their to acting. After she was forced to marriage. She missed acting painreject14 Hitchcock’s offer she was fully12 and was really bored with so depress that according to her her life. Her physical and mental daughter Caroline she locked herhealth was deteriorating so much self15 in her room, cried for a week that Prince Rainier made the ‘revand wouldn’t come out. The fairy olutionary’ decision to permit her tale 16 had turned into a nightto make a Hollywood comeback. mare17, and the beautiful princess th On 18 March, 1962, his spokesman had become a prisoner. Grace Kelly (1955) crowd – multitude stranger – (false friend) sb. one does not know 3 sleepless – insomniac 4 to wander – walk about without a specific destination 5 prey to – (in this case) victim of, sufferer from 1
2
68 | YES 15
ennui – mental exhaustion caused by boredom 7 wind blows – 8 gloomy – despondent, disconsolate 9 shy – timid 6
to bed sb. – go to bed with sb., have sex with sb. 11 mistress – extramarital female lover 12 painfully – severely, a lot 13 on screen – (in this case) in the movie 14 to reject – turn down, 10
(opposite of ‘accept’) to lock oneself away – imprison oneself 16 fairy tale – fantasy for children (e.g. Cinderella) 17 nightmare – bad dream, torment 15
17
GRAMMAR
This section of the magazine offers...
GRAMMAR EXTENSION 74-83
Read: an excellent BBC article on how sports have influenced the language of politics: http://goo.gl/WqkISu
AUDIO SCRIPTS EXTENSION
The Language of Sport 73 74 75 76 77
Visualizing Vocabulary: basic collocations in sport Exercise 3 Collocations: sports you ‘play’ and sports you don’t Exercise 26 US vs. UK English: transatlantic sporting differences Exercise 30 False Friends: sports terms False Friends: the adjectives sport, sports and sporting Exercise 32
Pronunciation: sports euphony Pronunciation: euphony and team names Pronunciation: euphonic boxing nicknames Pronunciation: other euphonic sporting nicknames Exercises 12, 21
82 83
Phrasal Verbs: and they’re off! Phrasal Verbs: it’s a knockout! Exercise 27
84 86
The YES community Picture Description
78 79 80 81
72 | YES 15
Track 1
Speak: is it unrealistic to insist that markets have morals?
Track 2
Speak: should children’s clothes be mixed or separated by gender?
Track 3
Read: for more on censorship and the naked female body in art, read this article: http://goo.gl/vninak
Tracks 5-8 Speak: what would be your second choice of nationality? Why?
Collocation
Sports Terms Play Ball The basic collocation1 of sports in English is that you ‘play’ sports that use a ball 2 but not sports that don’t. 3 It’s slightly4 more complicated since 5 – as you would expect – we ‘play’ badminton and ice hockey, even though they use a shuttlecock6 and a puck7, respectively, instead of8 a ball. Less logically perhaps, we play darts9 despite the fact that we don’t play archery10. Finally, we don’t play bowling but rather11 go bowling12, even though we play bowls13!14 The person who plays one of these sports can always be called a ________ player (soccer player, tennis player, badminton player, darts player, etc.). Only a few have -er alternatives, namely15: cricketer, footballer, golfer (baseballer, basketballer, squasher, softballer, volleyballer). Lacrosse sticks
Gone Fishin’ The sports that don’t use a ball (a dart, a puck7 or a shuttlecock6) tend to have their own verbs (box16, fence17, ride18, skate, ski, surf, swim, weight-lift19, wrestle20, etc.). Most of these activities can also be expressed using ‘go + -ing’ (go riding, go skating, go skiing, go surfing, go swimming) if they are practised outdoors. The person who practises these sports tends to be called a VERB + -er: boxer, fencer, rider, skater, skier, surfer, swimmer, weight lifter, wrestler, etc. collocation – juxtaposition of words that frequently occur together 2 i.e. you play: football, rugby, cricket, volleyball, hockey, tennis, squash, golf, billiards, volleyball, softball, polo, croquet, etc. 3 notice that we are only talking about sports; other pastimes may use ‘play’ (play chess, play poker) even though there is no ball 4 slightly – a little 5 since – (in this case) given that, as 6 shuttlecock – bird/ birdie (US English) 7 puck – frozen rubber disk 1
74 | YES 15
instead of – rather than, as opposed to 9 darts – 10 archery / ˡa:rtʃəri/ – 11 but rather – (in this case) by contrast we 12 to go bowling (go-wentgone) – 13 to play bowls – play an outdoor game in which you roll a heavy ball across a lawn towards a small ball (= the jack) 14 the reason we ‘go bowling’ is probably because of sound analogy with all the other ‘go _____ing’ sports (see the section “Gone Fishin’”) 8
Photo by DcJohn
Bats, Rackets, Sticks and Clubs A bat is a heavy solid hitting implement – as used in baseball and cricket. A racket is a frame21 with a handle22 and a mesh23 of cords stretched tightly24 across the void25. Sticks tend to be solid but long and thin – so we use a stick in ice hockey, field hockey and lacrosse26. The implements used in golf are long and thin but we call them ‘clubs’. Golf clubs are divided up into more specific subcategories (see p. 44). namely – i.e. (id est), that is to box – fight according to the rules of boxing 17 to fence – 18 to ride (ride-rode-ridden) – (in this case) travel on a horse 19 to weight-lift – 20 to wrestle /ˡresəl/ – 21 frame – structure, (in this case) 22 handle – 23 mesh – 24 to be stretched tightly – be taut, be tensile 25 void – gap, empty space 15
16
26
lacrosse – team sports in which a ball is thrown from and caught in nets on the end of sticks
26
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THE YES TEAM We believe this should be an interactive process and as such we welcome all feedback (good or bad!). - Is there a subject you would like us to cover? - Is there something we could be doing better? - Do you simply have a question about English? You can contact us at: nick@yes-mag.com and nathan@yes-mag.com And remember we regularly post follow-up information on our Facebook page (@yeszine) and on the blog on the webpage. Finally, if you want to receive an exercise every week, our monthly newsletter and our methodology pack – all absolutely FREE, please subscribe to our newsletter on the webpage (www.yes-mag.com).
Almudena Rodríguez de Avendaño Logroño (La Rioja) 941 286 826 (Centro Ibercaja La Rioja) Email: arodriguezav@obrasocial.ibercaja.es Xavier Lafarga Ateneu Popular de Ponent - Lleida, Catalunya English classes for adults Email: x.lafarga@gmail.com YES 15 | 85
AUDIO SCRIPTS
The following pages contain the transcriptions of what is spoken on the audio files.
SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPS
Spoken English is significantly different from the written language: A more limited vocabulary is generally used and it is, by definition, more colloquial. Moreover1, spoken English uses many more incomplete or badly constructed sentences. On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech.
HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTS
Follow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts:
1
Before you listen we recommend that you read through the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself). This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen.
2
When you listen the first time, don’t expect to understand everything; listening practice should not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much meaning you can extract from the recording.
YES NO. 15 TRACK LIST Mini-debates (32m23s) 1. The Gift Shop at Ground Zero (7m43s) 2. Gender Apartheid (14m47s) 3. Sensible Censorship on Facebook (9m53s) 4. Pronunciation: Sports Euphony (0m55s) Monologues: Another Country (9m45s) 5. Monologue 1 [American English] (3m38s) 6. Monologue 2 [Scottish English] (1m44s) 7. Monologue 3 [British English] (2m36s) 8. Monologue 4 [American English] (1m47s) 9. Improvisation: The Intervention (11m42s)
3
Listen more times going back to the footnotes to integrate the information you have.
10. Picture Description (2m29s)
4
Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise.
Total time: 0h57m14s
5
Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again.
6
Stop each time you get lost or encounter a structure that interests or confuses you.
7
Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you.
8
Two or three days later, listen to the text again without reading to see if your understanding has improved5.
This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy!
moreover – what’s more, furthermore footnotes – notes at the bottom of the page (in this box) 3 subject (n.) – (in this context) theme 4 painful – (in this context) arduous, unpleasant 5 to improve – get better 6 eventually – (false friend) in the end 7 to relate – associate, connect, link 1
2
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AUDIO SCRIPTS
Argentina
8. Monologue 4 [American English] (1m47s) OK, so if I had to choose a new nationality and I had the option of anything in the world, it sounds weird230 but I would probably pick231 Argentina because it’s another continent. I’m lucky232 to have American, US citizenship and Spanish weird – strange, bizarre to pick – choose 232 lucky – fortunate
Photo by Charles Carresi
citizenship, so I have Europe and North America covered. I just27… I just think that it would be… it would be fun to be able to live and work in Argentina. That’s basically what I understand a nationality would imply233 because having the papers doesn’t really mean that you have to have all the traits234 or the characters, characteristics of the people from that area, right? Although there are a lot of things about Argentinians that I find charming235: I like the food, I like the culture, and it’s a little to imply – mean trait – idiosyncrasy, characteristic, attribute 235 charming – delightful, adorable
230
233
231
234
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bit influenced by one of my favourite countries in Europe that is Italy. It has a lot of the same defects that Spain has… but… in terms of political corruption and strange things in the economy. It seems some cultural elements that drive me up the walls236. But I think that’s not really the point, right? It’s more of a heart decision. So, Italy and Argentina because it’s got a little bit of that and a little bit of Spain, which I like.
236
to drive sb. up the wall (drive-drovedriven) – infuriate sb.
28
EXERCISES PAGE
EXERCISE
112
1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can identify most of the objects and actions illustrated in the footnotes of this issue.
113
2. Title Tag: can you match these alternative titles to the news, language news, sports news and science news articles on pp. 7-11? 3. Visualizing Vocabulary: label these images of basic sports vocabulary from p. 73.
114
4. Word Search: find golfing terms from pp. 44-49.
PAGE
EXERCISE
122
16. Phrasal Verbs: how many new phrasal verbs have you learned this month? This exercise tests for the phrasal verbs in the footnotes. 17. Cinema: quiz about the films of Grace Kelly (pp. 68-71). 18. Politics: an exercise relating to the article on Scottish independence on pp. 20-23.
123
19. Prepositions: the misogyny of golf.
124
20. Improvisation: listening exercise relating to audio track 9 (pp. 105-110). 21. Internet listening: test your listening comprehension of this fascinating talk about the difference between winning and success.
125
115
5. Homophones: replace the homophones in this text about the pettiness of golf.
116
6. Crossword for revision of vocabulary from throughout the magazine.
117
7. Sentence transformation for general syntax revision of structures in this issue.
8. Debates: listening comprehension for audio tracks 1-3 (pp. 88-100).
127
126
118
119
120
121
9. Too many words: find the unnecessary words in this extract from the economics article on p. 24. 10. Tennis Expressions: fill the gaps in the sentences to form idioms from p. 53. 11. False Friends: see if you remember the false friends marked in the footnotes throughout the magazine. 12. Pronunciation: can you identify the euphonic sports expressions from pp. 78-81? 13. Pronunciation: revision of the difficult words from throughout the magazine. 14. Gridiron idioms: Fill the gaps to form American football expressions from p. 60. 15. Word game: test your vocabulary and understanding of English morphology.
128
129
130
22. Boxing idioms: fill the gaps in this exercise relating to the article on pp. 40-41. 23. Basketball idioms: fill the gaps to form expressions from p. 63. 24. Baseball expressions: fill the gaps to form idioms from pp. 55-56. 25. Soccer-team names: match the names to the English soccer teams (pp. 34-37). 26. Collocation: do you know the correct term for each sport? (p. 74). 27. Phrasal verbs: have you learned the sports multi-word verbs on pp. 82-83? 28. Monologues: a true-false listening comprehension on audio tracks 5-8, pp. 101-104. 29. Wordplay: another word game – relating to the creativity article on pp. 16-19. 30. US vs. UK: can you distinguish between British and American English? (p. 75) 31. Soccer idioms: test your knowledge of football’s influence on the English language (pp. 31-33). 32. False Friends: relating to the article on pp. 76-77. 33. Motor-racing idioms: test your knowledge of speedway expressions (pp. 64-66). 34. Reading comprehension: relates to the text on pp. 46-47.
131-133 ANSWERS YES 15 | 111
5. Homophones. The following extract on the pettiness of golf comes from Get Her Off the Pitch by Lynne Truss [Fourth Estate, 2009] pp. 169-70 (slightly adapted). However, 66 words have been changed for their homophones. Find them and change them back so that the text makes sense: Obedience to the rules is watt golf is awl about. On the professional sighed of the game, their have bean extraordinary cases down the years of the rules of golf being bureaucratically applied against awl logic, common cents, or simple human compassion – but since that’s the price of being such a well-regulated sport, everyone accepts it. But watt about the chap (Welshman Philip Parkin) who’s small sun had placed a miniature putter inn his bag, thus causing hymn to be disqualified from the Italian Open for having two many clubs? Parkin found the toy inn his bag after heed completed his round, confessed at once, and asked the tournament organizers for a ruling. “Eye asked weather it wood be classed as a golf club, and he said it had to be at least 18.5 inches long to be classed as such”, he recently explained. “Sew of coarse we went off measuring and it was actually 19 inches long, meaning Eye was disqualified.” The interesting part of the storey is that Parkin then asked watt wood have happened if the club had been half an inch shorter, and he was tolled, well, then it wood have counted as an illegal club, sow he wood have been disqualified for that two. Inn other words, measuring it maid someone inn a blazer feel terribly important and authoritarian, but was absolutely pointless, inn the circumstances.
Something similar happened to Ian Woosnam at the Open inn 2001 at Royal Lytham. An extra driver inn his bag (the fault of his caddy) incurred hymn a too-stroke penalty, witch may have cost hymn the title. Meanwhile watt about the infamous case of Craig ‘the Walrus’ Stadler who, before kneeling on the ground to take an awkward shot at the Andy Williams Open inn 1987, put down a towel to save his trousers and therefore broke the rule about ‘building a stance’? Unaware that braking this rule carried a too-shot penalty, Stadler was deemed to have signed an incorrect scorecard and was therefore disqualified. Inn 2003, at the Open, Jesper Parnevik and Mark Roe whirr disqualified for knot exchanging scorecards before teeing off. Recently, a chap inn Canada got the chop because his caddy stood behind hym why’ll he putted. Neither of them gnu this was against the rules. Watt makes me cross is that the religious players get away with claiming that Jesus is with them from tea to green. They seam to forget Henry Longhurst’s admonition that if ewe caul on God to improve the result of a shot why’ll the bawl is inn motion, yew are using an ‘outside agency’ and are therefore subject to appropriate penalties under the rules of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews.
Isn’t it thyme they changed this scorecard business inn professional tournaments, to acknowledge the presents of an official scorer? Professional players fall fowl of this silly rule moor or less continually.
Postscript: Erl Annesley, a retired doctor, recently wrote to The Times to recall the sad case of an elderly golfer who collapsed and died after hitting the best round of his life. However, he hadn’t signed his card and so was posthumously disqualified! When you have finished doing the exercise, read the article again – it’s interesting! YES 15 | 115
27. Read the article on Sports Phrasal Verbs (pp. 82-83). Complete the following sentences with either the base or the particle of one of the phrasal verbs mentioned in the article or with one of the phrasal-verb nouns: 1. The Pumas’ scrum-half kicked the ball into touch, so there was a ______________________________. 2. Hundreds of fans came without tickets and got turned ____________________________. 3. The Wimbledon women’s final was rained _____________________ and had to be held the following day. 4. The French champion was leading the Tour de France all morning but he ______________ behind during the afternoon. 5. Woods ____________________________ off with a beautiful drive that carried almost 150 metres. 6. England scraped _____________________________ to the quarter-finals in which they were, inevitably, eliminated. 7. The Washington Redskins scored a _______________________________ in the final minute of the game. 8. Chelsea were knocked _________________________ of the championship by Real Madrid. 9. Danny pulled a muscle because he didn’t _______________________ up properly before the start of the match. 10. Suárez was sent ___________________ for insulting an opposing player. 28. Monologues. Listen to audio tracks 5-8 and decide whether these statements are true (T) or false (F): 1. The first speaker says that you cannot give an informed answer to the question unless you have lived abroad. 2. If he had to choose between being a US and a Spanish national, he would choose to be Spanish for practical reasons. 3. The second speaker is British but would like to be Indian. 4. One of the things that attracts him to his choice is the musical tradition there. 5. The third speaker feels that he is both an Anglo and a European. 6. He would choose to be Irish as his alternative nationality because Ireland is culturally similar to England. 7. The fourth speaker would choose to be Argentinian because Argentina is so different from her current nationality. 8. She specifically mentions that she likes Argentine cuisine. 9. Which speakers have dual nationality? 29. Wordplay. Read the article about Creativity on p. 16-19. Then, without looking at the article, find six words from the article. Use the clues and the numbers; each number represents a letter: 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 protest, objection
6
10
9
2
3
6
9
2
8 a human-like robot, a robotic human
11
8
2
9
9
12 complicated, difficult to solve
13
2
2
13
5
7
8
14 absent-minded drawing
2
15
16
17
18
16
6
18 abroad, in foreign countries
2
10
9
18
4
2
11
16
8 frank in expressing one’s opinions YES 15 | 127
STAFF Anglo Files, S.L. (publisher) Nicholas Franklin (editor) nick@yes-mag.com Marina Carresi (artistic director and photography, proofreading) marina@yes-mag.com Nathan Burkiewicz (sub-editor, page-design, webmaster) nathan@yes-mag.com Fabiola Vieyra (promotion) Josh Tampico (sound engineer) Gonzalo Cohen (legal)
WRITERS, VOICES, INVALUABLE SUPPORT & HELPING HANDS Douglas Jasch, Prof. Raoul Franklin, Colman Keane, Miles Pratt, Almudena Cáceres, Susannah Jones, Robbie K. Jones, AmyJo Doherty, James Duggan, Jim Trainor, Rod E. Musselman, Adrian Hall, Paul Thomas, John Adedoyin, Hamish Binns, Lois Humphrey, Julie Davies, Irene Tremblay, Dave Mooney, Howard Brown, Bea Alzona, Saskia Eijkins.
PHOTOGRAPHY Cover photo by Stuart Roy Clarke/HomeOfFootball Marina Carresi, Belén Gutiérrez, Charles Carresi, Jaume Carbonell, Mario Herrera
134 | YES 15
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Published by Anglo Files S.L. C/ Bronce 27, 11-B, Madrid 28045 Depósito legal: M-9788-2013 // ISSN: 2255-5676 PVP: 9,95€ VAT included/incluido IVA // Printed in Spain All rights reserved. Neither all nor part of this magazine can be reproduced, recorded in or transmitted by any information-recovery system by any means, be it mechanical, photochemical, magnetic, electronic, photocopies or any other method or used for commercial purposes without prior written permission from the publisher and in accordance with the Intellectual Property Law. Any violation of these terms and conditions will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.