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22 pages of exercises More than 1 hour of audio
DOSSIER
The Language of Law
ZOMBIES An Obsession?
Edgar Allan
POE 07
9 772255 567003
& America’s favorite poem
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demise2 of humanity. This is not just something that Hollywood scriptwriters3 think about. Such things worry computer-programming expert Jaan Tallinn, co-founder of Skype, Huw Price, professor4 of philosophy at Cambridge,
How to Use Your English Supplement
and Lo Colleg Study Par capaci dicted From telligen ‘the Si beings
SYMBOLS
Each page-long article in the magazine has been created to be used more or less independently so that you can learn and practise even if you only have five or ten minutes free. At the same time, the symbols below allow you to develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare a class or classes around a common theme.
Exercise (at the end of the magazine). Test and consolidate what you have learned.
THE EN
Speaking extension. A question aimed at provoking a group discussion of the topic in question.
Photo by GabboT
to bring about (bring-broughtbrought) – cause 2 demise – end, decline 3 scriptwriter – sb. who writes the script (= text) of a movie 4 professor – (false friend) head 1
Downloadable audio file (see also audio scripts). There are recommendations on how best to use the audio files on p. 87.
This arrow directs you to other related articles in the magazine.
p. 40
6, 22
p. 6
of department at a university, senior academic 5 to set up (set-set-set) – create, establish 6 to arise (arise-arose-arisen) – emerge, occur
p.6
ABBREVIATIONS KEY Listening extension (Internet). Once you’ve learned the basic vocabulary of a topic, why not listen to further discussions? 4 | YES 7
These are the only abbreviations you have to know to use this magazine: sb. = somebody sth. = something swh. = somewhere [U] = uncountable noun [C] = countable noun
Some will be idea: f robots in our gent b octopu experi licate t ity can as dra simply obsole from v 1925, “ but a w
speed from t 9 naïve – 10 to tre 11 scena thetic
7
8
phone antennas. There is little danger of the message being garbled5 – as it is in the game of Chinese whispers6 – because it is so simple: “danger predator”.
FOOTNOTES
The superscript numbers in the text refer to the footnotes at the bottom or at the side of the same page. The footnotes explain the difficult vocabulary as determined by our non-native proofreaders. Like you, these proofreaders are learners so they are able to identify the exact words you need to know to understand the sentence. Definitions are given in English, so that you learn to think in English and these definitions are then checked by the non-native proofreaders to ensure that you will understand them. Some words are defined by pictures: we use these visual stimuli when that is the best way to fix an idea in your memory. Read the definition or look at the illustration and then re-read the sentence in question. By working with English-language footnotes you will rapidly increase your vocabulary and learn how English words relate to each other, all of which will have a dramatic impact on your fluency and self-confidence1 . Some readers find it useful to put their finger next to the word in the article that they are looking for in the footnotes to make it easier to return to the text afterwards. Either way, it shouldn’t be difficult to find your place because the footnotes are numbered and the words are highlighted in bold. Notice that the syllables and words that should be stressed2 are underlined. Red footnotes give extra cultural (rather than linguistic) information, or they refer you to other articles.
PHONEMIC SYMBOLS Here are the phonemic symbols that we use which might cause you problems.
Consonants
Meanwhile9, a study from Anglia Rus sity has found that African elephants plan on cropland11 to coincide with the new m raids are more frequent and more substa the nights are darkest. This suggests that stand that darkness lowers the risk of bei farmers12. Or perhaps they know that hu less and more lightly13 when there is a fu
MY NAME IS FLI
Dolphins have a signature whistle14 whi identify themselves and to identify others hear a familiar whistle they will repeat it b acquaintance15, which they don’t do for whistle. Moreover, a study from the Unive cago has now found that dolphins remem signature whistles14 after more than 20 gesting they have the best memory in the Photo by Ikiwaner
NOT-SO-CARNIVOROUS CROCS7
Research from the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Charleston, South Carolina, has confirmed decades of anecdotal reports: over half the existing crocodilian species supplement their diet with fruit. It seems that at least 13 of the 23 species of crocodiles and alligators in the world today eat fruit as well as meat. warning (adj.) – alarm to bang – beat, hit to pick up – receive 4 to relay – resent 5 garbled – incoherent, meaningless 6 Chinese whispers (UK English) – broken telephone (US English) 7 croc – (colloquial) crocodile 8 full moon – when the complete disc of the moon is visible 1
(associated with werewolves) meanwhile – at the same time raid – surprise attack 11 cropland – arable farms 12 farmer – agriculturalist 13 more lightly – less deeply 14 signature whistle – high-frequency sound that identifies an individual 15 acquaintance – known individual, (in this case) friend
2
9
3
10
2
1
self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’) to stress sth. – emphasize, underline
2
/ʧ/ as in church, watch /ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action /ʤ/ as in judge, gesture /ʒ/ as in measure, vision /j/ as in yes /θ/ as in thick, path /ð/ as in this, breathe /ŋ/ as in sing
Pure Vowels
/æ/ as in cat /ʌ/ as in cut /ə/ as in occur, supply, aroma /ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn /ɔ:/ as in court, warn
Dipthongs
/iə/ as in ear, here /eə/ as in air, there
YES 7 | 5
CURRENT AFFAIRS
This section of the magazine offers short news stories organized thematically:
7 Anecdotes - humorous stories from around the world. 8 News - computer games and real-world violence. 9 World News - stories from around the world. 10 Language News - a light-hearted look at news about surnames. 11 Science News - geological and zoological news. EXERCISE 3
Society: the Future of Justice - when law enforcement is done by machines Society: Planning a Legal Legacy - if you get lost in teleportation, is it abduction or homicide? EXERCISE 6
14 15
Internet News: - Twitter & Trolls Internet News: - how to stop cyber-bullying
16 17
Technology: the Case for Fracking - will fracking save us from an energy crisis? Technology: Fracking Hell - the case against fracking EXERCISE 13
18 19
Economics: zombie jobs - how flat-lining firms hurt the economy Economics: good management and worker engagement - your most important work decision Economics: how to have a successful career - the secrets to job success EXERCISE 29
12 13
20
6 | YES 7
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION 7
Watch a Daily Telegraph video about the Walkie Talkie building at: http://goo.gl/D9uZmi
8
Speak: should videogames be censored for extreme violence?
13
Watch a news report from the 2013 Gikii Conference at: http://goo.gl/mFwmuFE
Technology
FRACK ATTACK: THE CASE FOR FRACKING WHAT IS ‘FRACKING’?
The word ‘fracking’ is an abbreviation of ‘hydraulic fracturing’. The term refers to the process of extracting shale gas. Shale gas is the name for methane – the worst of the greenhouse gases – when it is trapped1 in tiny2 pockets3 in shale-rock formations4. Although each bubble 5 of methane is very small, the total quantity of gas can be vast. Fracking is the technique of forcing the gas out of the shale6 using pressurized water.
A BRIDGING FUEL
The pro-fracking lobby7 argue that shale gas is a godsend8; it allows9 us to satisfy rising10 fuel demands while perfecting green energy and nuclear fusion. In other words, fracking buys us some time. New technology such as horizontal drilling11 now means that shale gas is cheaper than coal12 in the USA and is rapidly replacing it as fuel for power stations13. A move away from coal would be a good thing. More coal is being consumed today than ever before and the coal deposits now being used are more contaminating than those used in the past. It is expected to overtake14 petroleum as the world’s primary source of15 energy in three years’ time. China is the world’s biggest producer and consumer of coal12, relying on16 coal for 70% of its energy needs. As a result, the People’s Republic is the world’s greatest emitter of CO2. Yet17, China is sitting on the world’s largest18 reserves of shale gas and a shift away from19 coal mining to fracking in the People’s Republic could have a significant impact on global warming. The International Energy Agency predicts that more than a million shale-gas wells20 will be drilled21 around the world in the next two decades or so. to be trapped – be stuck, be imprisoned 2 tiny /ˈtaini/ – minute, very small, microscopic 3 pocket – (in this case) concentration 4 shale-rock formation – stratum of fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock 5 bubble – (in this case) pocket3 1
16 | YES 7
of gas shale – fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock 7 lobby – (in this case) pressure group 8 godsend – boon, bonanza 9 to allow – permit, enable 10 rising – increasing, augmenting 11 drilling – boring (= making) a hole 6
Workers at a fracking pump
Photo by Joshua Doubek
Illustration by Mike Norton
coal – power station – electricity-generating plant 14 to overtake (-take/-took/taken) – exceed, pass 15 source of – way to obtain 16 to rely on – depend upon, 12 13
count on yet – however 18 largest – biggest 19 shift away from – abandonment of 20 well – deep hole in the ground for the extraction of water, oil or gas 21 to drill – (in this case) bore, make 17
13
CULTURE
This section of the magazine offers...
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION 26
22-25
Travel: Rainy-day London EXERCISE 25
26-29
Sports: Shelley-Ann Fraser: a female Bolt? EXERCISE 31
30-31
Explorers: Mungo Park & the River Niger EXERCISE 7
32-33
Language: the OED – an unlikely alliance
36
34-35
Mythology: Thor through the Ages EXERCISE 11
36-39
History: Nell Gwyn – England’s Most Famous Courtesan EXERCISE 28
40-42
Art: Mary Beale’s (Early) Modern Family EXERCISE 23
32 34
THE GOTHIC DOSSIER 54-55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62-63
Literature: The Gothic Origins and Modern Horror EXERCISE 21 Bird Brain: As clear as a raven? Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven – America’s favourite poem EXERCISE 33 Psychology: Learning to Live with Death Social History: The Rise of the Zombies Cinema: Haitian Zombies & Caucasian Zombies Cinema: Zombies in US Movies Cinema: Zombies – a politically correct enemy Cinema: British Zombies Cinema: Very Modern Monsters EXERCISE 34 Humour: Zombie Movie Titles EXERCISE 18
64
Music: Rod Musselman’s As I Reel
43-45
46-47 48-53
Watch an interesting Canadian report on why Jamaica generates so many great runners at: http://goo.gl/hYDA7R Speak: are women still second-class citizens in sports? Listen to this interesting podcast about William Minor told by two young American women at: http://goo.gl/M1a3xl Watch this History Channel documentary about Thor (with spanish subtitles) at: http://goo.gl/oUdECP Watch this excellent BBC documentary about women in Nell Gwyn’s England at: http://goo.gl/kUNNtl
40 View more of Mary Beale’s paintings at: http://goo.gl/i1lRDx and http://goo.gl/RFqchp There is also an interesting slide presentation at: http://goo.gl/UeP3ZS 54-55 Speak: Do you agree that we should be less isolated from death? 56-61 Speak: why are zombies so popular today? Do they have any special relevance to our times?
YES 7 | 21
Art
An (Early) Modern Family England’s first professional woman painter.
New Opportunities The Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 offered new opportunities to women. Most famously, the theatres were reopened and women – like Nell Gwyn 1 – were allowed2 to perform on the English stage 3 for the first time. At the same time Aphra Behn (1640-1689) became England’s first professional woman writer. 4 However, the new climate also enabled 5 an extraordinary woman, Mary Beale, to become the country’s first female professional artist.
Self portrait by Mary Beale
A Family Business However, what is truly6 remarkable 7 about Mary’s story is her professional relationship with her husband, Charles, who was also an (amateur) artist. Despite all the patriarchal values of the times, Charles was man enough8 to recognize that it was his wife who was the gifted9 painter and he worked as her assistant – preparing paints and canvases10 for her and keeping her accounts11. However, Charles was no dullard12. He was a keen 13 experimenter constantly trying to develop see pp. 36-39 to allow – permit 3 on the English stage – in the theatre in England 4 although there had been many women writers before – such as Julian of Norwich, Margaret Kempe, Anne Locke, the Countess of 1
2
40 | YES 7
Pembroke, Mary Wroth and Catherine Phillips – Behn was the first to earn a living from writing. 5 to enable – allow, permit 6 truly – really 7 remarkable – extraordinary, impressive 8 man enough – (in this case)
materials and techniques that would make the painting process cheaper and more efficient. The Beales ran14 their studio as a family business, with Mary as the talent and Charles as the manager. Mary combined her career as a professional painter with mothering15 three children, one of whom – Charles – grew up to be a painter in his own right16. Mary also taught other pupils to paint, including Sarah Curtis Hoardly, who became a successful portraitist at the turn of the century17. sufficiently mature gifted – talented 10 canvas – the special textile on which a picture is painted 11 accounts – financial records 12 dullard – blockhead, idiot 13 keen – enthusiastic 14 to run sth. (run-ran-run) – organize, manage
9
to mother sb. – care for as a mother, give birth to sb. and bring him/her up 16 in his own right – by reason of one’s own ability 17 at the turn of the century – (in this case) around 1700 15
23
Cinema
The Zombie in US Cinema
Photo by L Kenny Louie
O
ne of the recurring ideas knocking around my fresh, unchewed3 brain is that the origin of zombies as portrayed today is movie Injuns4. Please let me explain. First and foremost 5, I mean no disrespect to Native Americans. I am not talking about real American Indians nor am I talking about the nice cuddly6 Native Americans as portrayed by Hollywood post-Dances with Wolves. By ‘Injuns’ I am referring to the ‘Red Indians’ depicted in movies and on TV in the 1940s and 1950s. What were the characteristics of these Injuns? Well, there were a lot of them. They were unintelligible7 and unintelligent. They attacked the good guys but were remarkably ineffectual8 in their attacks. They were destined to die in droves9, shot down and cut down by people who were infinitely more skilled10 at defending themselves. In other words, the Injuns were destined to be exterminated. Modern zombies are also earmarked11 for death, so much so12 in fact that they are already dead. As genocide became unfashionable post-1945 it slowly dawned on13 the US conscience that the extermination of the original inhabitants of North America was not such 1
recurring – (false friend) repeated 2 knocking around – in 3 unchewed – not masticated, (in this case) not eaten by zombies 4 Injun – (North American) Indian (as pronounced in Westerns), stereotype of a Native American (as presented in Westerns) 5 first and foremost – to start 1
58 | YES 7
2
with, firstly cuddly – lovable, adorable 7 unintelligible – impossible to understand 8 ineffectual – unsuccessful, incompetent 9 in droves – en masse 10 skilled – able, talented 11 earmarked – destined, designated 6
a good thing after all. Others gradually took the place of Native Americans in movies. Sometimes they were members of the Wehrmacht. Watch a 1960s World War II movie such as The Dirty Dozen and you will see how German soldiers play exactly the same role as American Indians did before. The same is true of Southeast Asians (Vietnamese?) in Rambo movies. The point is that you have an inept but multitudinous enemy who has to be shot and cut down like ducks at a fairground14 shooting stall15. Steven King made the connection between zombies and Native Americans explicit in Pet Sematary (1983).
ZOMBIE JOBS
Torie Bosch put forward16 the idea in Slate.com that zombie culture reflects the anxiety of the middle class in the recession. The humans who are most likely to17 survive are those who can handle18 weapons19, hunt20, grow21 food, and repair cars and generators. In other words, a degree22 is no use in the current economic climate, just as it is no use against zombies. so much so – to such an extent, to such a degree 13 to dawn on – register in 14 fairground – funfair, type of itinerant market with diverse stands offering entertainment 15 shooting stall – stand at which you try to hit metal ducks using an air rifle 16 to put sth. forward 12
(put-put-put) – suggest to be most likely to – have the greatest probability of 18 to handle – (in this case) use 19 weapons – arms 20 to hunt – kill animals (for food) 21 to grow sth. (grow-grewgrown) – cultivate, produce 22 degree – university qualification 17
34
p. 21
GRAMMAR
This section of the magazine offers...
SPEAKING EXTENSION 72
66
Metaphorical phrasal verbs EXERCISE 17
69
Translation: error detectives – illiterate Anglos EXERCISE 26
AUDIO SCRIPTS EXTENSION Track 1 Track 2
THE LANGUAGE OF LAW DOSSIER 70 72 74 75 76 77 78 82
English in Context: courtroom dramas EXERCISE 23 Grammar Focus: the language of law EXERCISE 6 Collocation: merisms EXERCISE 5 Word Building: from heretofore to thereinafter EXERCISE 30 US vs. UK: lawyers EXERCISE 12 Legal false friends EXERCISE 19 Legal idioms EXERCISE 14 Etymology: foreign terms in legalese EXERCISE 6
84
Phonetics: length marks and macrons
85 86
Subscription Information Picture Description
Watch a video on the language of contract law at: http://goo.gl/W8wNNo The English is far from natural, but at least it’s clear.
Track 3
Track 4-5
Conversation point: should boxing be banned? Conversation point: are you losing your ability to concentrate on a long text? Conversation point: are threats and insults on the internet as serious as those in our daily lives? EXERCISE 10 Conversation point: is there anything you feel you need to do while you still have time? EXERCISE 24
Tracks 6-10 Conversation point: how do you relax? EXERCISE 32 Track 11 Track 13
Conversation point: when was the last time you lied for somebody else? EXERCISE 20 Conversation point: what do the concepts of ‘heaven’ and ‘hell’ mean to you?
YES 7 | 65
US vs. UK
Lawyers A person with a law degree is a lawyer. When such a person is representing a client in the USA he or she is an attorney /əˈtɜ:rni/ (at law). In Britain the term ‘attorney’ isn’t used to refer to a lawyer, but ‘the Attorney General’ is the chief legal officer in England and the USA. The next in rank is ‘the Solicitor General’, who can prosecute on behalf of1 the government.
Solicitors & Barristers In Britain, Canada and Australia historically solicitors take on2 cases for clients and handle3 the out-ofcourt work. Barristers(-at-law) are called to the bar4 to plead5 the case in court. However, in recent years the distinction between solicitors and barristers has been reduced and solicitors can act in most courts now. Don’t confuse a barrister /ˈbæristə/
with a barista /ba:ˈrista/ – who is simply a barman or barmaid in a fashionable coffee shop; the sort of person who calls white coffee ‘latte’. Within6 the court itself, a barrister is referred to as ‘counsel’. In the US an attorney in court is also referred to as ‘counsel’. In Canada he or she is referred to as ‘counsellor’. In the USA a door-to-door salesperson can be referred to as a ‘solicitor’!
Advocates & Avocados In Scotland and South Africa barristers are called ‘advocates’. An avocado is a fruit and has nothing to do with7 the law. 8 Outside the legal context ‘advocate’ exists in all varieties of English in the expression “the devil’s advocate” a calque 9 from Latin advocatus diaboli.
Photo by Vandyk
Informal Terms Lawyers like to refer to themselves as ‘legal eagles’ because it makes them sound energetic and sexy. The general public in the USA tend to refer to lawyers as ‘ambulance chasers’ 10. on behalf of – in the name of, for to take on (take-took-taken) – accept 3 to handle – deal with, look after, manage 4 to be called to the bar – become a barrister, obtain a licence to argue cases in a high court 5 to plead – (in this case) argue, present 6 within – inside, in 7 to have nothing to do with (have-hadhad) – be unrelated to 8 the English ‘avocado’ was a mispronunciation of the Spanish aguacate. However, several European languages reinterpreted the English term as ‘advocate pear (producing, for example, French avocat, German Advogato-Birne and Dutch advocaatpeer). The Oxford English Dictionary still insists that the English word comes “from Spanish avocado (= advocate)”, even though no such word exists in Spanish. 9 calque – loan translation, word-for-word translation 10 ambulance chaser – lawyer who follows ambulances hoping to find a potential client inside 1
2
Photo by Mark Wallheiser
76 | YES 7
12
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AUDIO SCRIPTS
The following pages contain the transcriptions of what is spoken on the audio files.
SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPS
YES NO. 7 TRACK LIST
Spoken English is significantly different from the written language: A more limited vocabulary is generally used and it is, by definition, more colloquial. Moreover1, spoken English uses many more incomplete or badly constructed sentences. On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech.
Mini-debates (31m14s) 1. Should boxing be banned? (8m05s) 2. Reading Habits (10m44s) 3. Anonymity on the Net (12m24s) 4. Interview with Rod Musselman (10m40s)
HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTS
Follow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts: 5. Song: As I Reel (2m25s)
1
2
3 4
Before you listen we recommend that you read through the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself). This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen.
Monologues: Relaxing (10m49s) 6. Monologue 1 [US English] (3m36s) 7. Monologue 2 [Scottish English] (1m52s) 8. Monologue 3 [US English] (2m34s) 9. Monologue 4 [British English] (2m45s)
When you listen the first time, don’t expect to understand everything; listening practice should not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much meaning you can extract from the recording.
10. TV Courtroom-Drama English (1m05s)
Listen more times going back to the footnotes to integrate the information you have.
11. Improvisation: Sibling Secrets (6m08s)
Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise.
12. The Raven (10m38s) 13. Picture Description (2m41s)
5 6 7 8
Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again. Total time: 1h15m50s Stop each time you get lost or encounter a structure that interests or confuses you. Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you.
Two or three days later, listen to the text again without reading to see if your understanding has improved5.
This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy!
moreover – what’s more, furthermore footnotes – notes at the bottom of the page (in this box) 3 subject (n.) – (in this context) theme 4 painful – (in this context) arduous, unpleasant 5 to improve – get better 6 eventually – (false friend) in the end 7 to relate – associate, connect, link 1
2
YES 7 | 87
AUDIO SCRIPTS
Mini-debates 1. Should Boxing be Banned? (8m05s)
Englishman (EM): So, don’t you think boxing should be banned1? Scotsman (SM): No. American man (AM): I don’t either. EM: Your macho stance2 here. AM: Obviously, we are talking about the studies that’ve come out3 recently about brain damage4, right? If you start to look at brain damage in sports – I mean 5 – it’s not only in boxing, you have to look at American football; you have to look at rugby. EM: OK, boxing is the only sport in which damaging 6 the brain is the specific objective of the sport. AM: That is not the specific objective. EM: You are meant to7 be hitting8 the person in the head. AM: That’s not the specific objective of boxing to damage someone’s brain. EM: You are trying to knock them out9. Knocking somebody out is damaging their brain. SM: Yeah, but I think the main 10 point here it is the boxer’s choice. It’s an individual choice. And you know there’s no passive boxing. It’s not like smoking where you damage other to ban – prohibit stance – position, point of view 3 to come out (come-came-come) – (in this case) be published 4 brain damage – cerebral lesions 5 I mean – (pause filler) y’know, like, sort of, kind of 6 to damage – hurt, harm 7 to be meant to – be supposed to 8 to hit (hit-hit-hit) punch 1
2
88 | YES 7
Bare-knuckle boxing
people. AM: Exactly. EM: If we could pay people to do gladiators’ fights, you’d be happy with gladiators’ fights? SM: If it’s really their option. Gladiators’ fights… the trouble11 is that gladiators didn’t have the choice. If people really want to do it and that’s what they like doing that’s their problem as far as I’m concern12. EM: So, you can exploit people… to knock sb. out – leave sb. K.O., cause sb. to lose consciousness 10 main – principal, primary 11 trouble – problem, difficulty 12 as far as I’m concerned – in my opinion 13 by that token – by the same reasoning, according to that logic 14 to find out (find-found-found) – discover 15 accountancy – bookkeeping, keeping companies’ financial records 16 NFL – US National (American) Football League
9
(31m14s) whatever. I mean 5, by that token13, you can… any type of exploitation is… American woman (AW): Yeah, how is that different from prostitution? SM: But is it more exploitation than any other work? And if someone finds out14 they’re better at boxing than accountancy15, then yeah. EM: But – I mean 5 – you have… he mentioned the case of American football. The NFL16 is being sued17 by thousands, literally thousands, of former18 players because they say that the NFL knew about the danger to people’s brains and didn’t say anything to anybody. AM: Well, I’ll give you that. I’m all for19 them telling the players, telling the boxers that, look there is a risk, there is an inherent risk if you play this sport, or if you box, that you will most likely20 suffer… EM: No, there’s not ‘a risk’. There is almost21 a direct certainty that it will happen22. AM: Fine, OK. We tell them. EM: They’ve now chronicled23 the process. SM: I think it depends on what weight of boxing we’re talking about, how long someone’s boxing. There are a lot of factors in this. I think there are some interesting studies. Certainly, yes, if somebody’s punched24 too many times in the head they could to sue sb. – take legal action against sb. former – ex19 to be all for sth. – be strongly in favour of sth. 20 most likely – (in this case) most probably 21 almost – nearly, practically 22 to happen – occur 23 to chronicle – document, register in detail 24 to punch – 17
18
10
p. 65
EXERCISES PAGE
EXERCISE
112
1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can identify most of the objects and actions illustrated in the footnotes of this issue. 2. Phonetics: fill the gaps in the chart of long-vowel symbols from p. 84.
113
3. Title Tag: can you match these alternative titles to the news and science articles on pp. 7-13? 4. Reading comprehension: answer the questions about the article on Living with Death (pp. 54-55). 5. Merisms: a matching exercise relating to the binomial expressions on p. 74.
114
6. Word Search: find words relating to the law (pp. 12-13, 72-73 and 82-83).
115
7. Homophones: replace the homophones so that this excerpt from Mungo Park’s travelogue makes sense (pp. 30-31).
116
8. Crossword for general vocabulary revision.
117
9. Sentence transformation for general syntax revision of structures in this issue.
118
10. Debates: listening comprehension for audio tracks 1-3 (pp. 88-96).
119
11. Too many words: find the unnecessary words in this extract from the Mythology article (pp. 34-35). 12. US vs. UK: practise what you learned on p. 65. 13. US vs. UK: fill the gaps in the chart. This relates to the whole magazine.
PAGE
123
124
125
126
127
120
14. Idioms: complete the sentences to form law-related expressions from pp. 78-81. 15. Pronunciation round-up: review the difficult words from the footnotes.
121
16. Word game: test your vocabulary and understanding of English morphology.
122
17. Phrasal Verbs: how many new phrasal verbs have you learned this month? This exercise tests both the article on pp. 66-68 and the phrasal
128
129
130
EXERCISE verbs in the footnotes in the rest of the magazine 18. Cinema: a quiz relating to zombie movie titles (pp. 62-63). 19. False Friends: test how well you have understood p. 77. Then, see if you remember the false friends marked in the foot notes throughout the magazine. 20. Improvisation: an open-question listening comprehension on audio track 11. 21. Prepositions: replace the prepositions so that this excerpt from The Castle of Otranto (p. 43) makes sense. 22. Internet Listening: test your listening comprehension of this talk about legalese and plain English (pp. 16-17). 23. English in Context: complete these clichĂŠd exchanges from courtroom dramas (pp. 70-71). 24. Listening comprehension relating to the interview with Rod Musselman (audio track 4, pp. 100-103). 25. Travel: answer these questions about Rainy-day London with Kids (pp. 22-25). 26. Translation: correct this real example of broken English (p. 69). 27. Internet: a varied exercise relating to pp. 14-15. 28. History: a vocabulary exercise in relation to the article on Nell Gwyn (pp. 36-39) 29. Wordplay: another word game relating to the Economics articles on pp. 18-20. 30. Word Building: complete these sentences with pronominal adverbs from p. 75. 31. Sports: complete these sentences with expressions from the article on pp. 26-29. 32. Listening comprehension for the monologues (audio tracks 6-9, pp. 104-107). 33. Poetry: use the rhyme scheme to complete these stanzas from the poem analysed on pp. 48-53. 34. cloze exercise: fill the gaps in this article about zombies (pp. 56-61).
131-133 ANSWERS YES 7 | 111
27. Internet. Read the articles on p. 14 and fill the gaps in the following text: The ________________________ is going to replace _________________________ on the £5 note with ________________________. In three years’ time it will replace __________________________ on the £10 note with __________________________. Two men have been arrested for sending threatening Tweets to __________________________________. Now read the article on p. 15. Try to answer the following questions without referring back to the article: 1. What proportion of British children have allegedly been bullied on the internet? 2. How many users does Ask.fm have? 3. How old was Hannah Smith when she committed suicide? 4. How many people in the British Isles have committed suicide over the last 12 months allegedly as a result of bullying on Ask.fm? 5. How old is Paige Chandler? 28. History. Read the article on pp. 36-39. Then, see if you can complete these sentences with expressions from the article: 1. The city streets were a_______________ with Christmas lights. 2. Apparently, the drink he had poured her had been d_____________________ and she woke up in a field with no idea at all about what had happened. 3. Our house b__________________ onto a cricket ground so we occasionally get balls flying into the garden! 4. She has been s____________-s______________ since she was a little girl and her ambition was always to be an actress. 5. The corridors of parliament were a______________ with rumours about the Prime Minister’s imminent resignation. 6. If she manages to pass this exam she will be a f____________-f________________ engineer. 7. He’s well known within the field but he’s hardly a h________________________ name. 8. Her husband has a r_________________ eye and he will try to flirt with anything in a skirt. It’s almost pathological! 9. I refuse to play second f__________________ to such an incompetent manager. Either you move me to another department or I’m quitting. 10. He became s______________________ the first time he saw her and I think he’s been secretly in love ever since. 29. Wordplay. Read the Economics article on pp. 18-20. Then, without looking at the article, find six words from the article. Use the clues and the numbers; each number represents a letter: 1
2
3
4
5
6
6 (adj.) unemployment, unemployed
3
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15 insolvency
16
2
10
5
14
4
2
6
5 take possession of mortgaged property
7
14
17
18
5
19
5
20
5
8
13 accomplishment
14
7
10
5
5
10 professional trajectory
5
8
21
7
21
5
20
5
8
13 commitment, dedication YES 7 | 127
STAFF Anglo Files, S.L. (publisher) Nicholas Franklin (editor) nick@yes-mag.com Marina Carresi (artistic director and photography, proofreading) marina@yes-mag.com Nathan Burkiewicz (sub-editor, page-design, webmaster) nathan@yes-mag.com Fabiola Vieyra (promotion) Josh Tampico (sound engineer) Gonzalo Cohen (legal)
WRITERS, VOICES, INVALUABLE SUPPORT & HELPING HANDS Douglas Jasch, Prof. Raoul Franklin, Colman Keane, Almudena Cáceres, Susannah Jones, Rod Musselman, Lois Humphrey, Hamish Binns, Irene Tremblay, Howard Brown, Bea Alzona, Saskia Eijkins.
PHOTOGRAPHY Cover photos: ‘Zombie’ by Gianluca Ramalho Misiti (grmisiti.businesscatalyst.com); ‘Dossier’ by A Vjoska; ‘Poe’ by Cuatrok77. Irene Sanz, Sian Griffiths, Almudena Cáceres, Sara L. Carresi, David Osado
134 | YES 7
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Published by Anglo Files S.L. C/ Bronce 27, 11-B, Madrid 28045 Depósito legal: M-9788-2013 // ISSN: 2255-5676 PVP: 9,95€ VAT included/incluido IVA // Printed in Spain All rights reserved. Neither all nor part of this magazine can be reproduced, recorded in or transmitted by any information-recovery system by any means, be it mechanical, photochemical, magnetic, electronic, photocopies or any other method or used for commercial purposes without prior written permission from the publisher and in accordance with the Intellectual Property Law. Any violation of these terms and conditions will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.
In the Next Volume of Your English Supplement
RELIGION SPECIAL
Photo by Bblvc
Travel
Poetry
Nepal: Buddhism on top of the world
The Windhover by Gerard Manley Hopkins Britain’s genius Jesuit poet
Politics Islam’s Impending Civil War
Feature Bible Facts & Bible Fictions
History The Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) England’s Catholic Revolution
Society Let’s get creative in the war over niqabs
Technology Graphene: Should you be excited?
Translation Pitfalls in Bible Translation
False Friends Religious false friends
Interview with James McDonald about his book Beyond Belief Photo by Zaminamina