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demise2 of humanity. This is not just something that Hollywood scriptwriters3 think about. Such things worry computer-programming expert Jaan Tallinn, co-founder of Skype, Huw Price, professor4 of philosophy at Cambridge,
How to Use Your English Supplement
and Lo Colleg Study Par capaci dicted From telligen ‘the Si beings
SYMBOLS
Each page-long article in the magazine has been created to be used more or less independently so that you can learn and practise even if you only have five or ten minutes free. At the same time, the symbols below allow you to develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare a class or classes around a common theme.
Exercise (at the end of the magazine). Test and consolidate what you have learned.
THE EN
Speaking extension. A question aimed at provoking a group discussion of the topic in question.
Photo by GabboT
to bring about (bring-broughtbrought) – cause 2 demise – end, decline 3 scriptwriter – sb. who writes the script (= text) of a movie 4 professor – (false friend) head 1
Downloadable audio file (see also audio scripts). There are recommendations on how best to use the audio files on p. 87.
This arrow directs you to other related articles in the magazine.
p. 40
6, 22
p. 6
of department at a university, senior academic 5 to set up (set-set-set) – create, establish 6 to arise (arise-arose-arisen) – emerge, occur
p.6
ABBREVIATIONS KEY Listening extension (Internet). Once you’ve learned the basic vocabulary of a topic, why not listen to further discussions? 4 | YES 9
These are the only abbreviations you have to know to use this magazine: sb. = somebody sth. = something swh. = somewhere [U] = uncountable noun [C] = countable noun
Some will be idea: f robots in our gent b octopu experi licate t ity can as dra simply obsole from v 1925, “ but a w
speed from t 9 naïve – 10 to tre 11 scena thetic
7
8
phone antennas. There is little danger of the message being garbled5 – as it is in the game of Chinese whispers6 – because it is so simple: “danger predator”.
FOOTNOTES
The superscript numbers in the text refer to the footnotes at the bottom or at the side of the same page. The footnotes explain the difficult vocabulary as determined by our non-native proofreaders. Like you, these proofreaders are learners so they are able to identify the exact words you need to know to understand the sentence. Definitions are given in English, so that you learn to think in English and these definitions are then checked by the non-native proofreaders to ensure that you will understand them. Some words are defined by pictures: we use these visual stimuli when that is the best way to fix an idea in your memory. Read the definition or look at the illustration and then re-read the sentence in question. By working with English-language footnotes you will rapidly increase your vocabulary and learn how English words relate to each other, all of which will have a dramatic impact on your fluency and self-confidence1 . Some readers find it useful to put their finger next to the word in the article that they are looking for in the footnotes to make it easier to return to the text afterwards. Either way, it shouldn’t be difficult to find your place because the footnotes are numbered and the words are highlighted in bold. Notice that the syllables and words that should be stressed2 are underlined. Red footnotes give extra cultural (rather than linguistic) information, or they refer you to other articles.
PHONEMIC SYMBOLS Here are the phonemic symbols that we use which might cause you problems.
Consonants
Meanwhile9, a study from Anglia Rus sity has found that African elephants plan on cropland11 to coincide with the new m raids are more frequent and more substa the nights are darkest. This suggests that stand that darkness lowers the risk of bei farmers12. Or perhaps they know that hu less and more lightly13 when there is a fu
MY NAME IS FLI
Dolphins have a signature whistle14 whi identify themselves and to identify others hear a familiar whistle they will repeat it b acquaintance15, which they don’t do for whistle. Moreover, a study from the Unive cago has now found that dolphins remem signature whistles14 after more than 20 gesting they have the best memory in the Photo by Ikiwaner
NOT-SO-CARNIVOROUS CROCS7
Research from the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Charleston, South Carolina, has confirmed decades of anecdotal reports: over half the existing crocodilian species supplement their diet with fruit. It seems that at least 13 of the 23 species of crocodiles and alligators in the world today eat fruit as well as meat. warning (adj.) – alarm to bang – beat, hit to pick up – receive 4 to relay – resent 5 garbled – incoherent, meaningless 6 Chinese whispers (UK English) – broken telephone (US English) 7 croc – (colloquial) crocodile 8 full moon – when the complete disc of the moon is visible 1
(associated with werewolves) meanwhile – at the same time raid – surprise attack 11 cropland – arable farms 12 farmer – agriculturalist 13 more lightly – less deeply 14 signature whistle – high-frequency sound that identifies an individual 15 acquaintance – known individual, (in this case) friend
2
9
3
10
2
1
self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’) to stress sth. – emphasize, underline
2
/ʧ/ as in church, watch /ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action /ʤ/ as in judge, gesture /ʒ/ as in measure, vision /j/ as in yes /θ/ as in thick, path /ð/ as in this, breathe /ŋ/ as in sing
Pure Vowels
/æ/ as in cat /ʌ/ as in cut /ə/ as in occur, supply, aroma /ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn /ɔ:/ as in court, warn
Dipthongs
/iə/ as in ear, here /eə/ as in air, there
YES 9 | 5
CURRENT AFFAIRS
This section of the magazine offers short news stories organized thematically:
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION 10 14 22
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
UK News - stories from around Britain. US News - matters arising in the great United States. EU News - what’s happening in the European Union. Language News - the latest information about names and tattoos Language News - the latest news about the use of language Science: Health News - five steps to live longer Science: Psychology - the latest advances in our understanding of the mind EXERCISES 2, 19 The Science of Love - what scientists are saying about human affections EXERCISE 4
20 21
Economics: the Perfect Valentine’s Present? - should you let your lover choose by buying a gift card? Economics: Want to Get Rich? Get Married! - the financial benefits of marriage Economics: the Economics of Being Single - the economic implications of not tying the knot EXERCISES 20, 25
22 23
Internet: Finding Love On-line - advice on using internet dating services Internet: Modern Romance & Cyberspace - Second Life and your love life EXERCISE 28
19
6 | YES 9
View some of the hilarious tattoos collected by Veritas Language Solutions at: http://goo.gl/okeKUx Watch: Helen Fisher gives a TED talk about the neurology of love: http://goo.gl/c90Lqk Speak: is the internet a help or a hindrance to the heart?
Science
THE SCIENCE OF LOVE Love is only the dirty trick1 played on us to achieve2 continuation of the species. W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM
Photo by David Osado
ADDICTED TO LOVE
‘Love’ describes a variety of apparently different states. First there is motherly3 love, which is the most intense form and the most ubiquitous4 in the animal world. Then there is romantic love, which we tend to associate with monogamy. However, monogamy is shockingly5 rare 6 amongst7 animals – fewer than 5% of mammalian species are monogamous, and true sexual fidelity is even rarer. Finally, there is brotherly love, which we associate with altruism and a feeling of oneness8 with the world. However, science tells us that English 9 is right to lump all these different feelings together10 under the ‘love’ umbrella11; romantic love and brotherly love seem to be adaptations of the basic maternal love instinct. Motherly love is based on chemical addiction. The exertion12 of labour13 triggers14 a release15 of oxytocin, which causes the mother – be she a mouse or a human – to become addicted to the smell of her infant. Love activates the dirty trick – manipulative subterfuge, clever stratagem 2 to achieve – get, accomplish, obtain 3 motherly (adj.) – maternal 4 ubiquitous – found everywhere, universal 5 shockingly – scandalously 6 rare – infrequent, uncommon 7 amongst – among, (in this case) for 1
14 | YES 9
8 9
oneness – unity, empathy in contrast to the English language, some languages have distinct words. Ancient Greek, for example had storge for parental love, agape for pure love (‘of the soul’), eros for ‘love of the body’, philia for ‘love of the mind’ and xenia for hospitality (love of guests).
same dopamine reward circuit16 that is artificially stimulated by cocaine and heroin (though love is a much healthier17 option!). Romantic love is an evolutionary adaptation of the mother-infant bond18 to keep men and women together, at least until any resulting offspring19 reach20 a minimum age to survive without paternal protection (around the age of seven in evolutionary terms).
THE LOVE DRUG
The hormone oxytocin certainly seems to be our primary love drug. Oxytocin levels increase in men when they are sexually aroused21 and in women during orgasm, so they definitely connect sex and love. But they are also increased simply by touch and massaging. Oxytocin is an important stimulator of trust22, allowing23 us to connect with others, in part by reducing fear-related activity in the amygdala. Oxytocin also makes us less judgemental, less able to see the negative aspects of others. to lump together – combine, aggregate 11 umbrella – (in this case) general category 12 exertion – effort, strain 13 labour – (in this case) childbirth, parturition (technical) 14 to trigger – provoke, activate 15 release – emission 16 reward circuit – neural system of recompense 10
healthier – more salubrious bond – attachment, nexus 19 offspring – children 20 to reach – get to, arrive at 21 to arouse – excite 22 trust – belief/confidence in others 23 to allow – permit, enable 17
18
4
p. 6
CULTURE
This section of the magazine offers... 25 26-29
Biography: the world’s most famous living scientist EXERCISE 9 Travel: The Seven Wonders of Antrim, Northern Ireland EXERCISE 23
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION Speaking: describe your favourite coastline. You can watch a short comical promotional video about the Antrim Coast at: http://goo.gl/dUksmY 26
30
Speaking: should alcohol we controlled like tobacco and marijuana?
40
Speaking: is deciding not to have children a legitimate life choice or an act of decadence?
30-33
Society: the Truth about Booze – alcohol, civilization and decadence
Watch: a scene of The Dead Poet’s Society (1989) is dedicated to Herrick’s poem. You can watch it at: http://goo.gl/aVJTGR
34-38
History: the Bluestockings – the female intelligentsia of the 18th Century EXERCISE 5
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Politics: the Rise of Older Women – the emergence of ‘granny power’ EXERCISE 3
40-41
Psychology: the Death of Motherly Love – choosing to be childless
42-45
Poetry: Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May by Robert Herrick EXERCISE 22
46-47
Language: Can You Speak Jamie? – Mockney & the World’s Favourite Chef EXERCISE 35
48-49
Education: Moocs Revisited – the limits of artificial intelligence
50-53
Art: William Orpen: the Last Victorian – painting glamour and carnage EXERCISE 29
54-57
Fashion: Manolo Blahnik – “Better than Sex” EXERCISE 32
58-61
Cinema: Katharine Hepburn EXERCISE 16
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Sports: 15-love – Scoring in Tennis EXERCISE 31
24 | YES 9
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Pronounce: learn to speak with a glottal stop with 4-year-old Pepper at: http://goo.gl/20HC3y Watch this video about how one of Orpen’s paintings became briefly famous on British television in 2012. http://goo.gl/dOQqWO
View this slide show of a couple of dozen of Orpen’s works at: http://goo.gl/GHCdxb
54
Watch this interview with Mr Blahnik at: http://goo.gl/8Mpt4s
Travel
The Seven Wonders of
Antrim The Antrim Coast occupies much of the seashore1 between Northern Ireland’s two cities: Belfast and Derry. Not only is this some of the most beautiful countryside in the whole of the British Isles but this land of legends also offers an impressive variety of world-class wonders2.
The Causeway Coast The Antrim Coastline (plus a bit of the Derry Coast that faces directly onto the Atlantic) is known in the tourist brochures3 as ‘The Causeway Coast’. The name refers, of course, to The Giant’s Causeway, a World Heritage Site4.
1. The Legend Irish hero, Finn McCool, fell in love with a Scottish giantess named Una. He therefore built a land bridge from Ulster to Scotland so that he could bring her back to his native land. The couple fled across 5 the causeway6 and arrived safely in Antrim. Unfortunately, the jealous Scottish giant Benandonner followed them across the land bridge, intent on7 bringing Una back to Scotland. seashore – coast wonder – marvel, spectacular sight 3 brochure – publicity magazine 4 World Heritage Site – place that is considered of global cultural importance by the UNESCO 1
2
26 | YES 9
to flee across sth. (flee-fledfled) – cross sth. to escape 6 causeway – land bridge 7 to be intent on – have the intention of 8 to defeat – beat, triumph over 9 to devise – dream up, conceive 10 cunning – astute, clever 5
Photo by Raoul Franklin
Section of the causeway at Antrim
When Finn saw the size of the Scottish giant, the Irish hero knew he could not defeat8 Benandonner using brute force. However, he devised9 a cunning10 plan. He dressed up as11 a baby and, when Benandonner approached Una, she showed him Finn claiming12 he was McCool’s infant. When the Scottish giant saw such a large13 baby he surmised14 that the father must be enormous, and became afraid. Benandonner fled back to15 Scotland and, as he did so, he destroyed the causeway6 behind him. This is why you can now only see part of the structure in Antrim and another part on Staffa Island in Scotland. Of course, geologists don’t accept that story and they will tell you that the 40,000 hexagonal columns of basalt, which are obviously manmade16, were formed naturally by cooling17 lava some 60 million years ago. Believe whoever you choose.
2. Bushmills Three kilometres inland from the Giant’s Causeway you come to Bushmills, which contains the world’s oldest whiskey distillery. Even many whiskey-lovers from Scotland and the Republic of Ireland will admit that Bushmills is probably the best whiskey in the world. Outside July, when the distillery is closed for maintenance, you can watch the ‘water of life’18 being made. Bushmills is connected to the Giant’s Causeway by a picturesque tramway19. to dress up as – put on the clothes of 12 to claim – say, declare 13 large – (false friend) big 14 to surmise /səˈmaiz/ – deduce, infer 15 to flee back to swh. – return swh. to escape 11
manmade – artificial cooling – that is becoming colder 18 the literal meaning of ‘whiskey’ in Gaelic 19 tramway – line for a tram, light railway 16 17
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History
Women Writers in the 18th Century In 1750 there were essentially no women publishing their written work in Britain. 50 years later there were literally thousands of British women writing novels.1 How did this explosion in women’s novels come about2? The Rise3 of the Female Novelist Georgian Britain4 had a very clear idea about what was appropriate and respectable for ladies to do. Their mental ability for attention to detail meant that they could paint flowers, but their incapacity for abstract thought meant that they couldn’t produce historical paintings. They could write letters, diaries and conduct books5 but they were not suited for6 intellectual writing like poetry and history. Then, in 1741 Samuel Richardson wrote the hugely7 successful novel Pamela about a servant girl’s ultimately8 successful attempts9 to preserve her ‘virtue’ in the face of a predatory10 employer. The book did two things. First, it began to make novel-writing respectable; most novels until 1750 – Moll Flanders (1722), Fantomina (1725) Fanny Hill (1748), Tom Jones (1749) had been pretty11 salacious12 and ‘unsuitable’ 13 for ladies (as readers or writers). Secondly, by more or less inventing the epistolary novel, Richardson took the genre into female according to Peter J. Kitson in English Literature in Context [Cambridge, 2008] 2 to come about (come-camecome) – occur, happen 3 rise – (in this case) advance, progress 4 1714-1830 5 conduct book – book that tries to educate the reader about social norms 1
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to be suited for – be right/ appropriate for 7 hugely – enormously, (in this case) very 8 ultimately – (false friend) in the end 9 attempt – effort 10 predatory – rapacious 11 pretty (adv.) – rather, quite, surprisingly 12 salacious – titillating, obscene, 6
Frances Burney Photo by National Portrait Gallery London
territory – letter writing. Indeed14, what inspired Richardson to write Pamela was a conduct book he was preparing, and this as we have said was another permitted area of female writing.
Money Motives Why would women want to write? Well, for the same reason most men wrote novels – to earn money. ‘Respectable’ employment for women was highly15 restricted in the 18th Century. One of the few options was to be a governess. However, a governess – who gave up16 her freedom in many aspects of her life – was lucky to earn £20 a year. When you realize17 that Frances Burney earned £2000 from Evelina (1778) it is not hard18 to see the attraction of novel writing for impecunious19 ladies. Moreover, women could submit20 novels to publishers anonymously, a big bonus in a world in which writing fiction was still not wholly respectable. We now consider the novel as the primary form of literature. It is ironic to think that women came to dominate English literature21 because novels were considered barely22 serious literature in the 18th Century and therefore appropriate for women. indecent unsuitable – inappropriate 14 indeed – (emphatic) in fact 15 highly – very 16 to give sth. up (give-gavegiven) – relinquish sth., renounce sth. 17 to realize – (false friend) become conscious 18 hard – difficult 19 impecunious – having little or 13
no money to submit sth. – send sth., present sth. 21 think Jane Austen, Mary Shelley, the Brontës, George Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Iris Murdoch, etc. 22 barely – hardly, not really 20
5
Psychology
The Death of Motherly Love
Hewlett appeared and exposed the myth of women who have it all; most women who were trying to juggle 5 career, husband and family were miserable6. Their relationships were failing7 and they felt regrets8 over either not having children or failing to be effective mothers.
There is no boredom9 like that of an intelligent woman who spends all day with a very small child.
The Sacred Responsibility When Mary Wollstonecraft – the founder of feminist philosophy – wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) she still saw childbearing1 as a sacred2 responsibility for women. Feminist attitudes gradually changed over the following two centuries as birth control gave women choice over how many children they would have. Even so, until a generation ago, a woman who had no children was an object of pity3. Women could focus on their careers4 but they should try to “have it all” – career, husband and family. 15 years ago there were iconic ‘superwomen’ such as Nichola Horlick, a City fund manager who balanced her high-flying career with being a mother of six. Then Baby Hunger (2002) by Sylvia Ann
Dr Mae C Jemison: the first AfricanAmerican woman in space
DORIS LESSING
Briefcases Before Babies The current cohort10 of young professional women grew up watching their mothers trying to have it all and making themselves deeply unhappy. This has provoked a sea change 11 in attitude. Now 57% of professional women in Britain aged 40-45 are childless12 and three-quarters of them do not feel they sacrificed their families for their careers. They simply chose with their partners13 not to have children. Moreover, the stigma, the pity14, has largely15 gone. As Hewlett observes, “If half of the people you know don’t have children, you’re not the oddity16 any more”. The tipping point17 is also related to contact with one’s extended family. Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine found that women who are in close contact with extended family are more likely to18 become pregnant, even after controlling for19 income20, education, religion and ethnicity. As families become more nuclear, the family pressure to reproduce declines.
Middle-aged women in the UK are twice as likely to21 be childless as the previous generation. Now 20% of 45-year-old women have never had children.
Photo by NASA
childbearing – having babies 2 sacred – sacrosanct, venerable 3 pity – compassion, condolence 4 career – (false friend) professional trajectory 5 to juggle – 1
40 | YES 9
miserable – (false friend) very unhappy 7 to fail – not function, be a fiasco 8 regrets – remorse, self-condemnation 9 boredom – tedium 10 cohort – group of people of a similar age 11 sea change – profound transformation 6
to be childless – have no children 13 partner – (in this case) significant other, husband, boyfriend, lover 14 pity – commiseration, condolence 15 largely – mostly, in general 16 oddity – freak, eccentric 17 tipping point – point of 12
inflection to be more likely to (+ infinitive) – have a greater probability of (+ -ing) 19 to control for – take into consideration 20 income – earnings, salary 21 to be twice as likely to (+ infinitive) – have double the probability of (+ -ing) 18
24
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Cinema
Katharine Hepburn
A New Perspective ‘A foggy1 night in Los Angeles in May 1947, and the 30,000 people crammed into2 Gilmore Stadium were getting restless3. “Wallace in ’48!” they chanted4. But instead of5 the former6 vice-president – an ardent liberal many suspected of being a socialist, who was considering a run for7 the White House – a thin woman in a bright red dress walked out onto the stage... Katharine Hepburn. The crowd8 went wild. That a movie star of her magnitude would show up in support of9 a man being pilloried10 as a socialist by both Democrats and Republicans seemed unbelievable.’ 11 Hepburn & the HUAC The witch-hunt12 driven by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) had started and Hepburn wasn’t going to sit back and watch as the freedom of American people and above all13 the independence of foggy – characterized by fog (= atmospheric effect that reduces visibility, similar to mist but typically near the sea) 2 crammed into – packed into, filling 3 restless – nervous, agitated 4 to chant – shout repeatedly in unison 5 instead of – rather than, in place of 1
58 | YES 9
former – exa run for – (in this case) being a candidate for 8 crowd – multitude 9 in support of – to back 10 to pillory – attack, crucify 11 Kate: The Woman Who Was Katherine Hepburn by William J. Mann [Faber, 2006] 12 witch-hunt – persecution of a group who have unorthodox
6 7
Bringing Up Baby
US culture were eroded: “I want to speak to you about the attacks on culture... I speak because I am an American and as an American I shall always resist any attempt14 at the abridgement15 of freedom... The artist, since the beginning of time, has always expressed the aspirations and dreams of his people. Silence the artist and you have silenced the most articulate voice the people have.” She compared President Truman with the “police of imperial Japan”, compared the State Department with Hitler for censoring American paintings abroad16. She condemned segregationists who tried to silence actor Paul Robeson17.
Un-American Activities Was Hepburn – the most recognizably upper-class accent in Hollywood – a Communist? Not by any objective measure18 but she was a progressive liberal intellectual and that was in reality a bigger ‘crime’ 19. McCarthyism, the witch-hunts and the postwar backlash 20 weren’t really against communism – there were precious few committed revolutionaries in the USA and even fewer in Hollywood. The real target21 of the HUAC was the social democratic liberal intelligentsia22 who had held power23 during the Roosevelt years (1933-45). ideas above all – most importantly 14 attempt – effort 15 abridgement – curtailment, reduction, restriction 16 abroad – overseas, in foreign countries 17 (1898-1976) the greatest African American actor of the mid-20th Century 18 by any objective measure 13
– in any objective sense crime – (in this case) offence, transgression 20 backlash – reactionary counterattack 21 target – (false friend) objective 22 intelligentsia – intellectual and cultural elite 23 to hold power (hold-heldheld) – be in control
19
16
GRAMMAR
83
Read more unfortunate shop and other commercial names at: http://goo.gl/aFDlN4
This section of the magazine offers...
AUDIO SCRIPTS EXTENSION
THE LANGUAGE OF LOVE DOSSIER 64 66 68 70 72 74 78
Loved-up: romantic phrasal verbs EXERCISE 26 The Grammar of ‘Love’ EXERCISE 27 English in Context: Lonely-Hearts Ads EXERCISE 11 False Friends: Terms of Endearment EXERCISE 17 Etymology: infantalization Idioms: love expressions EXERCISE 34 Pronunciation: Turned ‘v’ - love a duck! EXERCISE 12
81
Writing: subscribers’ corrections
82
Translation: Eatery Error Detectives EXERCISE 24
83
Signs: Unfortunate Business Names
84
Word Building: Amorous Morphology EXERCISE 33
85 86
Subscription Information Picture Description
Track 1
Conversation point Under what circumstances do you take a day off work?
Track 2
Conversation point Should the Olympics be settled in Greece?
Track 3
Conversation point Do you expect any great cryptozoological discoveries in your lifetime?
Track 5
Conversation point Which natural and manmade wonders would you most like to see before you die? Do you think you will?
SPEAKING EXTENSION 68
Speak: under what circumstances would you use a lonely-hearts column or an internet dating service? Is there any stigma attached to these services in your culture? If so, why?
72
Watch a short, clear and damning presentation on the infantalization of women in advertising at: http://goo.gl/w4hnJU
YES 9 | 63
Phrasal Verbs
Loved-Up Romantic Phrasal Verbs
ask sb. out = invite sb. on a first date10: - Ken asked Chika out to a new Korean restaurant. open up = become more receptive and open. The allusion is presumably to a flower. Notice that in a military context to open up means to start shooting: - Chika was very shy11 at first, but she gradually opened up and began to trust12 Ken. take to sb. [take-took-taken] = start to like - Chika took to Ken because he was very romantic and handsome.
Like any other aspect of life, love has its phrasal verbs in English. Photo by Gnlogic
Loved-Up The informal phrasal verb ‘to love sb. up’ means ‘to cuddle1 sb.’ - She loves him up whenever she can. The adjective ‘loved-up’ is only indirectly related to the phrasal verb. It has two meanings, which are largely2 determined by context: a. high on drugs3, especially ecstasy4 b. amorous or enamoured “What’s the connection?” you may well ask. Well, apparently people who are high on ecstasy tend to feel euphoric and amorous. - The loved-up clubbers5 were having a ball6. - Here come the loved-up couple –cooing7 at each other as usual.
take sb. out [take-took-taken] = take sb. to different types of entertainment and pay for it: - Ken took Chika out to all the best restaurants and theatres in town. get off with sb. [get-got-got] = kiss and touch sb. sexually for the first time: - He finally got off with her one evening while they were watching her favourite chick flick13. get on/along with sb. [get-got-got] = have a good relationship, be friends - They got on very well for the first year.
A Whirlwind8 Romance
It is possible to base an entire romance from beginning to end on phrasal verbs:
Falling in Love fall for sb. [fall-fell-fallen] = fall in love with sb., be attracted to sb.: - Ken fell for Chika 9 the moment they met; it was love at first sight. to cuddle – hug, embrace affectionately 2 largely – primarily, mostly, more or less 3 high on drugs – stoned, under the influence of narcotics 4 ecstasy – methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), ‘E’, 1
64 | YES 9
the love drug clubber – sb. who frequents nightclubs (= discothèques) 6 to have a ball (have-had-had) – enjoy oneself greatly, have a lot of fun 7 to coo – (in this case) whisper sweet nothings (= speak softly 5
Photo by Marina Carresi
to sb. in a private romantic conversation) 8 whirlwind – rapid and impulsive (like a tornado) 9 a Japanese girls’ name meaning ‘scattered flowers’ 10 date – romantic encounter, intimate meeting
shy – timid to trust – have confidence in 13 chick flick – romantic movie (considered to be especially attractive for a female audience) 11
12
26
LEARN TO
WRITE IN
ENGLISH
EXAMPLE
Do you need to be able to write well in English? YES is introducing a new service for subscribers. Each week anyone who has subscribed to the print, digital or app version of the magazine has a right to send us a text of up to1 120 words and we will correct it and return it. It’s as simple as that. You’ll be amazed2 how quickly your writing improves with weekly practice and correction.
‘most’ is wrong. It should be either “the greatest number of people” or “more people”. This expression is ambiguous. I think you mean “given the growth in international trade” or “given the drive towards globalization”.
The world speaks English and if you want to reach most of people, you need to write in English the best you can. If you work in a company, given the expansion happening in the business world , you probably have to write emails constantly to talk about your
We’d say “from around the world”, not “from everywhere”
product or to answer emails from everywhere . If you have friends in on facebook Facebook or you want your opinions in on twitter Twitter to be known outside your country, you need the English language to make them yourself understood.
The phrase “because of the distance” is ambiguous. We would express this idea by adding “long-distance” earlier in the sentence.
If you want to develop a long-distance friendship or a romantic relationship with a foreigner through via emails or facebook Facebook or another any other of the means technology offers you because of the distance , English is fundamental.
RULES AND GUIDELINES
>> This correction service is only open to current subscribers to Yes in any of its three formats. >> The right to the correction of a 120-word text is not cumulative. In other words if you don’t submit3 a text one week, this does not give you the right to submit a 240-word text the following week. >> We will try to return your corrected texts as soon as possible but you should expect a delay4 of at least 48 hours between submitting3 your text and receiving your corrections. Photo by Tiffany Dawn Nicholson
of up to – of a maximum of to be amazed – be astonished, be pleasantly surprised 3 to submit – (in this case) send 4 delay – (in this case) waiting period, interval 1
2
YES 9 | 81
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AUDIO SCRIPTS
The following pages contain the transcriptions of what is spoken on the audio files.
SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPS
Spoken English is significantly different from the written language: A more limited vocabulary is generally used and it is, by definition, more colloquial. Moreover1, spoken English uses many more incomplete or badly constructed sentences. On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech.
HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTS
YES NO. 9 TRACK LIST Mini-debates (23m37s) 1. Sickies (9m18s) 2. Should the Olympics Stop Moving Around? (7m25s) 3. Cryptozoology (6m54s) 4. Pronunciation: Turned v (1m49s)
Follow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts:
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Before you listen we recommend that you read through the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself). This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen. When you listen the first time, don’t expect to understand everything; listening practice should not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much meaning you can extract from the recording. Listen more times going back to the footnotes to integrate the information you have.
Monologues: Natural Wonders (19m54s) 5. Monologue 1 [US English] (3m05s) 6. Monologue 2 - Part 1 [British English] (4m15s) 7. Monologue 2 - Part 2 [British English] (4m21s) 8. Monologue 3 [British English] (2m39s) 9. Monologue 4 [US English] (2m10s) 10. Monologue 4 [British English] (3m24s) Dialogue Improvisations (12m01s) 11. Raising the Grade (7m21s) 12. Sparks Fly (4m40s)
Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise. 13. Mockney (0m07s) Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again.
14. Picture Description (3m39s) 15. Dictation (5m35s)
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Stop each time you get lost or encounter a structure that interests or confuses you.
16. Poem: To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time (0m52s)
Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you. Total time: 1h07m34s Two or three days later, listen to the text again without reading to see if your understanding has improved5.
This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy!
moreover – what’s more, furthermore footnotes – notes at the bottom of the page (in this box) 3 subject (n.) – (in this context) theme 4 painful – (in this context) arduous, unpleasant 5 to improve – get better 6 eventually – (false friend) in the end 7 to relate – associate, connect, link 1
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AUDIO SCRIPTS
2. Should the Olympics Stop Moving Around? (7m25s) Englishman (EM): The Greek government in their wisdom 89 have spent… have for some time been suggesting that the Olympic Games should not… should stop being itinerant and should have a fixed home in Greece. What do you think about that? American man (AM): I think I like the idea. I don’t know about the idea of having it in Greece. I guess 90 they’re trying to lay claim to 91 it because they had the first Olympics, right?
Jiang Yuyuan
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Photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen
paying off. EM: 30 years paying it off. AM: And Greece… I think a lot of people blame98 partly what the economic crisis in Greece on what they… the excess of spending that they did. I think I really like the idea of having the Olympics in a fixed place. I don’t see Greece as being the ideal place. Could you have both winter and summer Olympics in Greece? I don’t think so. EM: Well, who watches the winter Olympics anyway? AM: I do. I enjoy them. Irishman (IM): But, yeah, I know they exist. AM: I would say, for example, either you get an island that you can have both winter and summer Olympics on and have it – kind of99 – under the auspices of United Nations or use Switzerland, which has been historically, a historically neutral country. EM: Yeah, let Switzerland earn more money! EW: But also I think… no, carry on100. IM: Wasn’t the original idea of the five rings of – like101 – having the
Photo by Boman
in one’s wisdom – used ironically to suggest that sth. has not been fully considered 90 I guess – I suppose 91 to lay claim to sth. (lay-laid-laid) – declare one’s right to have sth. 92 rather – (in this case) quite a lot 93 to hold (hold-held-held) – (in this case) 89
EM: Well, it was there for 800 years. They’ve done rather92 more than the rest of us. Englishwoman (EW): But... and do they want to pay for it all or do they want contributions? EM: Well, why… the Olympics goes around the world ruining cities’ economies because they have to build all the infrastructure. EW: Yes. EM: The only two Olympics which have been profitable I think are the two that had been held 93 in Los Angeles because they already had the infrastructure. AM: And they used volunteers as well94, so they saved a lot of money. EM: But isn’t that normal to use volunteers nowadays 95? I think there was a lot of volunteering in London, well anyway. AM: Yeah, well it didn’t help them there, did it? EM: But I mean2, once you… Well, did they lose a lot of money in London? AM: I don’t know about losing, but I think they went way over budget96. EM: Yeah, well, they always do. But I mean2, the… if you’ve got… I don’t know what I was going to say. AM: As you were saying, I think the only… Los Angeles and I think one or two others have been the only Olympic Games to be profitable. You had the games in Montreal which I think that they just now97 have finished organize as well – too, also 95 nowadays – these days 96 to go way over budget (go-went-gone) – spend much more than one planned to 97 just now – (emphatic) very recently 98 to blame – hold responsible 94
kind of – (pause filler) sort of, like, y’know, I mean 100 to carry on – continue talking 101 like – (pause filler) y’know, I mean, sort of, kind of 99
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AUDIO SCRIPTS
Blood Wedding
this is not to place that many people would have as a natural wonder169 in Almeria but for me it was. I like literature and I like to go to places that are connected to things I’ve read in literature. In this case it was to do with204 the Bodas the Sangre 205 , Lorca’s play Bodas de Sangre and, in fact, the incident that inspired Lorca to write that play had taken place206 in a small town in Almeria. Not really a town, it was in un cortijo 207 there in Almeria. So the plan was to go there. That was the outing208 for the day and we drove up209 to where we knew roughly210 where it was and stopped at the nearest village, we thought was the nearest village anyway, and asked the way. People weren’t particularly keen211 to tell us how to get to212 it and… but eventually213 we did cajole214 people to tell us how to get there and we got there. There was a dirt track215 leading up216 to it and there it was lying in ruins and I thought to myself, “Y’know39 – if this had been in, say217, another part of to be to do with – be related to (1933) also known as ‘Blood Wedding’ in English 206 to take place (take-took-taken) occur, happen 207 an Andalusian farm 208 outing – excursion 209 to drive up (drive-drove-driven) – ascend in a vehicle 204 205
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Photo by Pablo Scorcelli
Spain, I thought of Cataluña as being the people who would know how to sell something well, that would’ve been a tourist attraction.” But not in Almeria, there it was deserted, abandoned and the reason, one of the reasons behind it, it turned out218 was that the relatives219 of the people involved in Bodas de Sangre in the real event still lived not too far away and they didn’t like be reminded of what had happened. So, that was Almeria.
a silly reason and that was Tikal. If you’re thinking of monuments there, your Mayan in Guatemala, you think of Tikal. We were there back in the 1970s with a group of British volunteers and Tikal every time you heard Tikal mentioned it was – sort of6 – tourist, it was a tourist route – flying in flying out – and to be perfectly honest you just4 did not want to go to Tikal. But I would like to go to it and to go back47 there in the company of Guatemalan friends that we knew at the time221 and they are still around, still living, to get up there to see Tikal. Of all the manmade 168 wonders169 the one that most took my breath away222 was here in Spain and that was the Alhambra. And just4 seeing it there, I’ve only been back twice 223 and both occasions when
7. Monologue 2: Part 2 (British English) (4m21s) Another place I would like to see with people and places I’ve spent time in during my live in Guatemala and there was one place there I never got to see220 and the reason was maybe roughly – approximately keen – enthusiastic 212 to get to (get-got-got) – reach, arrive at 213 eventually – (false friend) in the end 214 to cajole – persuade 215 dirt track – gravel road 216 leading up – that ascended 217 say – for example 218 to turn out – become clear... in the end 210 211
Cortina d’Ampezzo
Photo by BriYYZ
relatives – relations, members of the extended family to get to see (get-got-got) – see, have the opportunity to visit 221 at the time – back then 222 to take sb’s breath away (take-took-taken) – astonish sb., impress sb. 223 twice – x2, two times 219
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EXERCISES PAGE
EXERCISE
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1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can identify most of the objects and actions illustrated in the footnotes of this issue.
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EXERCISE
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17. False Friends: test how well you have understood pp. 70-71. Then, see if you remember the false friends marked in the footnotes throughout the magazine. 18. Improvisations: an open-question listening comprehension on audio tracks 11-12.
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2. Title Tag: can you match these alternative titles to the news, language news and science articles on pp. 7-13? 3. Cloze: answer the questions about the article on the Rise of Older Women (p. 39).
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4. Word Search: find words relating to love (pp. 14-18).
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5. Prepositions: replace the prepositions in this text about the Bluestockings (pp. 34-38).
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6. Crossword for general vocabulary revision.
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7. Sentence transformation for general syntax revision of structures in this issue.
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8. Debates: listening comprehension for audio tracks 1-3 (pp. 88-95).
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9. Too many words: find the unnecessary words in this extract from the biography article on p. 25. 10. US vs. UK: fill the gaps in the chart. This relates to the whole magazine. 11. English in Context: decipher these lonely-hearts messages (pp. 68-69).
12. Pronunciation: turned v and homophones. (pp. 78-80) 13. Have you learned the pronunciation of the words highlighted in the magazine?
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14. Word game: test your vocabulary and understanding of English morphology.
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15. Phrasal Verbs: how many new phrasal verbs have you learned this month? This exercise tests for the phrasal verbs in the footnotes. 16. Cinema: a quiz about Katharine Hepburn’s movies (pp. 58-61).
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19. Homophones: replace the homophones so that this text about the Roma makes sense. 20. Internet Listening: test your listening comprehension of this fascinating talk about the secrets of marriage. 21. Monologues: a true-false listening comprehension on audio tracks 5-10. 22. Poetry: use the rhyme to complete the poem from p. 43. 23. Travel: fill in the names on this map of the North Channel (pp. 26-29). 24. Translation: correct this real example of broken English (pp. 82-83). 25. Economics: test your knowledge of terms from the economics articles (pp. 19-21). 26. Phrasal verbs: have you learned the multi-word love verbs on pp. 64-65? 27. Grammar Focus: find out how much you’ve learned about the grammar of ‘love’ on pp. 66-67. 28. Wordplay: another word game – relating to the Internet articles on pp. 22-23. 29. Art: fill the gaps to form expressions from the article on Orpen on pp. 50-53. 30. Etymology: reading comprehension. Answer these questions about infantilization (pp. 72-73) 31. Sports: interpret these tennis scores (p. 62). 32. Fashion: a varied exercise relating to the article on shoe-designer Manolo Blahnik on pp. 54-57. 33. Word Building: practice the morphology from p. 84. 34. idioms: fill the gaps in this exercise relating to pp. 74-77 35. Mockney: test your understanding of Jamie-isms with this listening exercise, relating to pp. 46-47.
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5. Prepositions. Read the article on the Bluestockings on pp. 34-38. Below we offer an article about these 18th-century women from www.basbleu.com (slightly adapted). However, we have removed all 44 prepositions in the text. See if you can replace them so that the text makes sense. In some cases there is no correct preposition and the gap should remain empty: 1____ the 1700s, wearing warm-and-woolly dark blue worsted stockings – rather than the black silk stockings 2____ formal, citified fashion – was the equivalent 3____ wearing jeans today. It was the common denominator 4____ casual dress. But how did the term bluestocking come to mean ‘a literary woman’? Scholars tell 5____ us that the relationship 6______ society and stockings goes as far back as the 1400s, when an elite salon 7____ learned Venetians were labeled della calza (literally “of the stocking”) because 8____ their elaborately embroidered leg coverings. 9____ the late 1500s, the fashion had spread 10____ Paris where the term bas bleu (bas = stocking; bleu = blue) emerged to describe women 11_____ literary aspirations. The English term ‘bluestocking’ meaning a literary woman evolved 12____ the mid-to-late 1700s. Women 13____ society were beginning to express their boredom 14____ being sent 15____ to do their embroidery, rather than being invited to engage 16____ conversation 17____ the men. Elizabeth Carter wrote: “As if the two sexes had been 18____ a state 19____ war, the gentlemen ranged themselves 20____ one side 21____ the room, where they talked their own talk, and left us poor ladies to amuse each other, 22____ conversing as we could. 23_____ what little I could overhear, our opposites were discoursing 24____ the old English poets, and this subject did not seem so much beyond a female capacity.” 25____ about 1750, Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu and her friends founded the first official bluestocking society 26____ England. They invited learned men to gather informally 27_____ them to talk 28_____ books, literature, art and architecture, as well as places and events that interested 29____ them. The story goes that this literary salon wore more practical country clothing, most notably their blue worsted stockings. Hence, the term ‘bluestocking’. Perhaps to show off their knowledge of French, the members 30____ the club often referred 31____ themselves as “Bas Bleu”. James Boswell, the renowned biographer 32____ Dr. Samuel Johnson and contemporary 33____ Mrs. Montagu, wrote: “... the fashion 34____ several ladies to have evening assemblies, where the fair sex might participate 35____ conversation 36____ literary and ingenious men... were denominated Bluestocking Clubs.” Although many prominent men 37____ letters frequented the early bluestocking gatherings – and, 38____ fact, Mr. Benjamin Stillingfleet is said to be the first person to have worn blue stockings 39____ a meeting – Bluestocking came to be associated 40_____ women. The term’s connotation is often less than positive: bluestockings are sometimes pictured as unfeminine, pedantic, humourless, and self-important. But the letters 41____ the original Bluestockings paint a distinctly different picture. R. Brimley Johnson concludes 42____ the introduction 43____ his 1926 book, Bluestocking Letters: “Always ladies, never pedants, they regarded life 44_____ intelligence and common sense, formed their own opinions, followed their own tastes.”
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WRITERS, VOICES, INVALUABLE SUPPORT & HELPING HANDS Douglas Jasch, Prof. Raoul Franklin, Colman Keane, Almudena Cáceres, Susannah Jones, Robbie K. Jones, Jim Trainor, Hamish Binns, Lois Humphrey, Julie Davies, Irene Tremblay, Dave Mooney, Howard Brown, Bea Alzona, Saskia Eijkins.
PHOTOGRAPHY Cover photo: Leila Amat Ortega www.flickr.com/manifestedeyeux Sara L. Carresi, Leonardo L. Carresi, Rocío Puy, Raoul Franklin, Sara Sanz, Jaume Carbonell, Irene Sanz, Almudena Cáceres, Robbie K. Jones, Adrian Hall
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Published by Anglo Files S.L. C/ Bronce 27, 11-B, Madrid 28045 Depósito legal: M-9788-2013 // ISSN: 2255-5676 PVP: 9,95€ VAT included/incluido IVA // Printed in Spain All rights reserved. Neither all nor part of this magazine can be reproduced, recorded in or transmitted by any information-recovery system by any means, be it mechanical, photochemical, magnetic, electronic, photocopies or any other method or used for commercial purposes without prior written permission from the publisher and in accordance with the Intellectual Property Law. Any violation of these terms and conditions will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.
In the Next Volume of Your English Supplement
Feature:
THE NIGHT Science The Science of Sleep
Photography Snapping spirits: Ectoplasms, orbs, pareidolias and more
Psychology Hallucinations
Photo by Josh Tampico
Literature The Knights who Killed the Middle Ages
Cinema Secrets of the Movie Industry
False Friends Literary false friends
Idioms Things that go bump in the night
Travel Bali: Island Paradise ...and much more. Photo by Bill Cooley