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YOUR INVOLUNTARY BODY
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CROATIA The Land of Game of Thrones Are you learning English or Effle? Essential restaurant English What goes wrong in translation
WILL SMITH From Prince Charming to King Midas
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GENERAL CONTENTS
YES Volume 4
This page should help you to navigate the magazine in general. Notice that on pages 6, 20, 66, 87 and 111 there are more details for each section of the magazine.
4
How to Use Your English Supplement
6 7 10
Current Affairs Contents News, Language News and Names News Science News including archaeology, health and physiology Internet: digital vs. real-life connections + smartphones Society: masculine eclipse Economics: marketing to Gen Y
14 16 17 20 21 25
46 48 49 50 52 54 58 62
Culture Contents Croatia: speaking English in the newest EU State Language: are you learning English or are you learning Effle? Sports: assess the ref INVOLUNTARY BODY FUNCTIONS DOSSIER: everything you need to know about hiccupping, burping, yawning, sneezing, laughter, smiling, frowning, farting, itching, scratching and blushing Art: celebrity in painting Religion: religious bodies HAIR FEATURE: baldness, beards, wigs and extensions Body language: a body of lies Music: a cappella of the derrière Food banks Explorers: Sir Vivian Fuchs Literature: in search of Sylvia Plath Poetry: Tennyson’s The Lady of Shalott Cinema: Will Smith What goes wrong in translation
66 67 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84
Grammar Contents Euphemisms: body functions Word Building: -body and body- words English in Context: essential restaurant talk Grammar Focus: false comparatives Etymology: an unfinished science Phrasal verbs: body functions and phrasal verbs False friends: nationalities Idioms: the ancients in English expressions Pronunciation: euphonization Phonetics: turned script a
85 86
Subscription Information Picture Description
87 88
Audio Scripts Contents Audio Scripts
28 30
16
21
30
41
50
54 To download the audio files for this issue, please go to the 'Downloads' page on www.yes-mag.com for instructions. You will need the code given above to access the files. www.yes-mag.com // facebook.com/YesZine // @yeszine
39 40 41
111 Exercises Contents 112 Exercises 134 135
Staff and contact addresses In next month’s issue YES 4 | 3
of the Dead
The Tube can also be macabre...
How to Use Your English Supplement
Death on the Tracks
Metro systems the world over1 attract the suicidal. Underground workers use the euphemism ‘a one-under’ to refer to someone who has thrown himself or herself under a Tube train. 2 King’s Cross and Victoria stations attract the most suicides.
There was in North L ging4 unde – hundred Black Deat
SYMBOLS
Each page-long article in the magazine has been created to be used more or less independently so that you can learn and practise even if you only have five or ten minutes free. At the same time, the symbols below allow you to develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare a class or classes around a common theme.
Spectral
Photo by Tzortzis
Exercise (at the end of the magazine). Test and consolidate what you have learned.
The Grea
Speaking extension. A question aimed at provoking a group discussion of the topic in question.
Meanwhil ghosts. Th at Farringd pieces by h Sarah Whi Philip, was searching said to vis death11 in a noisy –bu
Follow
the world the world in New Yo macabre; ‘track pizz 3 to be mea posed to b 4 to dig (dig 5 to run into – encounter 6 plague pi 1
2
Downloadable audio file (see also audio scripts). There are recommendations on how best to use the audio files on p. 87.
This arrow directs you to other related articles in the magazine.
Photo by Sunil060902
69-70
23
6
ABBREVIATIONS KEY Listening extension (Internet). Once you’ve learned the basic vocabulary of a topic, why not listen to further discussions? 4 | YES 4
These are the only abbreviations you have to know to use this magazine: sb. = somebody sth. = something swh. = somewhere [U] = uncountable noun [C] = countable noun
Metro systems the world over attract the suicidal. Underground workers use the euphemism ‘a one-under’ to refer to someone who has thrown himself or herself under a Tube train. 2 King’s Cross and Victoria stations attract the most suicides.
FOOTNOTES
Photo by Fish Gravy
The Great Pestilence There was meant to be3 a Tube station at Muswell Hill in North London. Unfortunately, when they started digging4 underground they ran into5 a massive plague pit6 – hundreds of skeletons of people who had died of the Black Death.
The superscript numbers in the text refer to the footnotes at the bottom or at the side of the same page. The footnotes explain the difficult vocabulary as determined by our non-native proofreaders. Like you, these proofSpectral Stations readers are learners so they are able Meanwhile7, four stations are all said to be haunted8 by to identify the exact words you need ghosts. The ‘Screaming Spectre’ of Anne Naylor appears to know to understand the sentence. at Farringdon Station. She was murdered and cut into Definitions are given in English, so that pieces by her mistress9 in 1758. Bank Station is home to you learn to think in English and these Sarah Whitehead’s ghost. She was a nun10 whose brother, definitions are then checked by the Philip, was executed in 1811. Her phantom is supposedly Photo by Tzortzis non-native proofreaders to ensure that searching for him. The spirit of actor William Terriss is you will understand them. Some words said to visit Convent Garden Tube. He was stabbed to are defined by pictures: we use these death11 in 1897. Finally, Elephant & Castle is said to have visual stimuli when that is the best way a noisy –but invisible– ghost. to fix an idea in your memory. Read the definition or look at the illustration Follow-on: www.underground-history.co.uk and then re-read the sentence in question. By working with English-language 1 the world over – all around for victims of the Bubonic footnotes you will rapidly increase the world Plague 2 7 your vocabulary and learn how English in New York they are more meanwhile – at the same time 8 words relate to each other, all of to haunt – (of ghosts) frequent macabre; the term there is 9 mistress – (in this case) ‘track pizza’! which will have a dramatic impact on 3 to be meant to be – be supfemale boss, lady in whose 1 your fluency and self-confidence . posed to be house one works as a servant Some readers find it useful to put 4 10 to dig (dig-dug-dug) – excavate nun – religious woman who 5 their finger next to the word in the to run into (run-ran-run) typically lives in a convent 11 to stab sb. to death – kill sb. – encounter article that they are looking for in the 6 plague pit – common grave with a dagger/knife footnotes to make it easier to return Photo by Sunil060902 to the text afterwards. Either way, it YES 1 | 37 be6 difficult to find your place 69-70 shouldn’t 23 because the footnotes are numbered and the words are highlighted in bold. Notice that the syllables and words that should be stressed2 are underlined. Red footnotes give extra cultural (rather than linguistic) information, 1 self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’) 2 or they refer you to other articles. to stress sth. – emphasize, underline
PHONEMIC SYMBOLS Here are the phonemic symbols that we use which might cause you problems.
Consonants
/ʧ/ as in church, watch /ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action /ʤ/ as in judge, gesture /ʒ/ as in measure, vision /j/ as in yes /θ/ as in thick, path /ð/ as in this, breathe /ŋ/ as in sing
Pure Vowels
/æ/ as in cat /ʌ/ as in cut /ə/ as in occur, supply, aroma /ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn /ɔ:/ as in court, warn
Dipthongs
/iə/ as in ear, here /eə/ as in air, there
YES 4 | 5
CURRENT AFFAIRS
This section of the magazine offers short news stories organized thematically:
7 News - a couple of serious news stories from around the world 8 Language News - news from the world of linguistics and language learning 9 Names News - some interesting bits of information that have emerged recently regarding names 10 Science News: Health - the results of the latest medical research 11 Science News: Physiology - the most recent physiological discoveries as a lead-in to pp.30-38 12 Archaeology News - keep up with the past! EXERCISE 3 14
Internet News - is e-connection replacing face-to-face interaction? How smart are Smartphones?
16
Society: A Masculine Eclipse? - the crisis of Western manhood EXERCISE 28
17
Economics: the Birth of Consumer Research - How a Viennese laundry changed the way we do business Economics: Marketing to Gen Y - rip up the marketing rule book! Behavioural Economics: it’s all about experience - the psychology of the Gen-Y consumer EXERCISE 27
18 19
6 | YES 4
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION 7
What should the minimum age for using a lethal weapon be?
8
For more on the lady pirates watch: http://goo.gl/XE4FU What’s the most embarrassing mistake you’ve ever made?
9
How important is a company’s name to its success in your country?
12
For more on English cannibalism in Virginia, watch: http://goo.gl/eEr7b
16
There’s an interesting mini-documentary on The Feminine Mystique at: http://goo.gl/FvKOc
Science news | HEALTH
A FOOLPROOF1 DIET
In Yes2 we presented you with 10 scientifically proven ways to lose weight. Now a team from the University at Buffalo, New York, and the University of Vermont has found an even better way to diet. The secret to the ‘dull2 diet’ is deceptively3 simple: monotony. Identify a balance meal and then eat the same thing every day. In tests people whose diet was monotonously boring ate 100 fewer calories per meal than they otherwise would. In evolutionary terms the human diet was presumably rather4 repetitive. We probably evolved to guzzle on5 unusual food because it would offer nutritional benefits. Unfortunately, the same mechanism can lead to6 obesity in a society in which endless varieties of food exist.
cannabis users have a lower risk of developing diabetes than those who do not smoke the drug. In part, this may be because potheads15 are on average16 slimmer17 than those who don’t smoke dope18, though an active ingredient in cannabis – tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) – may prove useful in future anti-diabetes treatments.
LESS FIZZ7 & MORE BUZZ8 TO AVOID DIABETES
Research from Imperial College London suggests that drinking just one fizzy9 drink a day can significantly increase the risk of suffering from late-onset diabetes10. The research which analyzed the habits of 28,000 Europeans found that those who drank a can11 of carbonated soft drink a day or more had a 22% greater probability of developing type-2 diabetes than those who drank one can a month or fewer. Even when the weight gain caused by the consumption of fizzy drinks was taken into account12, those who drank a can a day or more were 18% more likely to suffer13 from diabetes later in life. It seems that sugary drinks alter our resistance to insulin. Meanwhile14, a US study has found that Photo by Simon Cousins foolproof – infallible dull – boring, monotonous 3 deceptively – misleadingly, (in this case) surprisingly 4 rather – quite, surprisingly 5 to guzzle on – eat a lot of 6 to lead to (lead-led-led) – result in 7 fizz – bubbles in drinks 8 buzz – feeling of euphoria from 1
2
10 | YES 4
taking narcotics fizzy – carbonated 10 late-onset diabetes – type-2 diabetes 11 can – 12 to take into account (take-took-taken) – take into consideration 13 were 18% more likely to suffer – had an 18% higher
9
Photo by David Osado
LIVING THE HIGH LIFE
Research from Switzerland has found that those who live on the ground floor19 of tower blocks are 40% more likely to die20 of lung21 cancer and 35% more likely to die of heart disease22 than those who live on the eighth floor or higher. Since23 most modern blocks have lifts24, the difference is probably due to25 air quality. The only form of death that was more likely for those living high up was suicide. probability of suffering meanwhile – at the same time 15 pothead – sb. who consumes marijuana 16 on average – typically 17 slimmer – thinner, less fat 18 dope – pot, marijuana 19 ground floor – storey at street level 20 are 40% more likely to die 14
– have a 40% greater probability of dying 21 lung (adj.) – pulmonary 22 heart disease – coronary illness 23 since – (in this case) given that, as 24 lift (UK English) – elevator (US English) 25 due to – because of
3
CULTURE
This section of the magazine offers...
21-24 Travel: Croatia – Lois visits the EU’s newest member and finds out that the Croatians have an excellent grasp of English EXERCISE 33 25-27 Language: are you learning English or are you learning Effle? What’s wrong with classroom English? EXERCISE 30 28 Sports: assess the ref - some of the greatest refereeing failures in the history of sport EXERCISE 7
INVOLUNTARY-BODY DOSSIER 30 Hiccupping: one man’s life sentence 31 Burping: cultural myths 32 Yawning: more contagious than Ebola! 33 Sneezing: don’t look into the light 34 Laughter: some serious benefits 35 Smiling & Frowning: from the cradle to the grave 36 Flatulence: farting laws and fish that use farting to communicate 37 Scratching & itching: pleasure and pain 38 Blushing: mixed messages EXERCISES 2, 6 39 Celebrity in painting: why is the Mona Lisa so famous? EXERCISE 22 40 Religious bodies: faith, flesh and food
FEATURE: HAIR
41 History: a brief history of hairstyling EXERCISE 20 42 Baldness: what it says about you 43 Beards: the strange case of the US facial-hair terrorist EXERCISE 12 44 Wigs: the rise and fall of the hairpiece 45 Hair extensions: stealing from the poor
20 | YES 4
46 Psychology: a body of lies – the misinterpretation of body language 48 Music: Joseph Pujol at the Moulin Rouge 49 Food Banks: a sign of the times 50 Explorers: Sir Vivian Fuchs – the Antarctic Fox EXERCISE 23 52 Literature: in search of Sylvia Plath 54 Poetry: Tennyson’s The Lady of Shalott EXERCISE 34 58 Cinema: Will Smith EXERCISE 18 62 What goes wrong in translation? EXERCISE 26
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION 45 Watch this excellent documentary – Hair India – on how inequality is reflected in the world of hair extensions: http://goo.gl/VnVGD 46 Here’s an interesting TED talk on body language: http://goo.gl/VWKtN 49 There’s loads on food banks on YouTube but this short documentary from the US is a good place to start: http://goo.gl/2tKkw
Hair
The Bald Truth1 F
or many men over the age of 30 (and some quite a bit younger) baldness2 is the issue3 of their lives. To be bald means to be middle aged, over the hill4 . But is all the trauma justified? Certainly, slapheads 5 face some discrimination. There is a myth in Anglo cultures that baldies don’t get elected to public office – despite the fact the Churchill and Roosevelt were bald – and Putin manages to get ‘re-elected’ again and again and again!
No Time for Baldies The most hair-obsessed of ancient peoples were the Assyrians, who are considered the inventors of hairstyling6.7 However, they had no time for slapheads 5 since 8 they associated baldness with weakness and impotence; it was associated with eunuchs. This is ironic because castration is an effective – if a tad9 radical – cure for baldness. 10
Sexy Slapheads
Patrick Stewart
Photo by Cadet Patrick Caughey
the bald truth – the basic/unadorned truth baldness /ˈbɔ:ldnəs/ – having no hair on top of one’s head 3 issue – (in this case) problem, question 4 to be over the hill – be past one’s prime, be in decline 5 slaphead – (informal/offensive) bald man 6 hairstyling – hair aesthetics 7 see exercise 21 on p. 124 8 since – (in this case) given that 9 a tad – a little, somewhat, rather 1
2
42 | YES 4
Photo by Marina Carresi
Bald men are cleverer and better fathers.
However, the idea that the baldheaded are past it11 is clearly wrong. Some psychologists believe that women find bald men attractive because their lack of12 hair suggests maturity, they’ll hang around13 and take care of14 the kids15. Meanwhile, Frank Skinner in The Times has suggested that baldness helps keep ‘male pattern’ baldness is caused by testosterone 11 to be past it – be over the hill4, be too old 12 lack of – absence of 13 to hang around (hang-hung-hung) – stay, not abandon one’s family 14 to take care of (take-took-taken) – care for, look after 15 kids – (colloquial) children 16 on average – typically 17 to rub – scour, scrape, scratch, abrade 10
families together by making men feel less attractive. Bald men are on average16 cleverer, richer and more virile than those men who have hair on their heads. Silverback gorillas are usually bald and young male gorillas have been seen to rub17 their heads against trees, presumably in an attempt18 to get balder.
The Bad Side of Bald On the downside 19 , Japanese research 20 suggests that bald men are between 30% and 70% more likely to21 suffer from heart disease 22 than hirsute 23 men. In any case, the cold comfort 24 for men going bald is that they are men. 30% of women start to experience hair loss by the age of 40 and baldness is far more25 traumatic for them.
attempt – effort on the downside – on the negative side, on the other hand 20 research – scientific investigations 21 are more likely to – have a greater probability of + -ing 22 heart disease – coronary illness 23 hirsute – hairy, who have hair 24 cold comfort – inadequate consolation 25 far more – much more
18
19
GRAMMAR
This section of the magazine offers...
SPEAKING EXTENSION 70 Here is an old Efl classic restaurant sketch: http://goo.gl/SXGUR
AUDIO SCRIPTS EXTENSION Track 1 Does psychiatry work for people or for Big Pharma? 67 Euphemisms: how not to talk about involuntary body functions EXERCISE 5
Word Building: compound words formed from -body and bodyEXERCISE 29
70
English in Context: Essential Restaurant Talk EXERCISE 8
68
Track 2 In Britain 45% of first marriages end in divorce. However, only 31% of second marriages do. Meanwhile, parents often don’t get married, while other couples choose not to have children. Is the traditional family becoming extinct? If so, does it matter? Track 3 Tomorrow belongs to her – do women hold the keys to the future of the West? Track 5 Describe your perfect home.
72 Grammar Focus: False as... as... Comparative EXERCISE 4 74 Etymology: an unfinished Ssience Should we accept all etymologists’ conclusions? 76 Body Functions & Phrasal Verbs EXERCISE 24 78 False Friends: nationalities EXERCISE 19 79 Ancient Peoples in English idioms and expressions EXERCISE 14 82 Pronunciation: Euphonization EXERCISE 32 84 Phonetics: turned script a 85 Subscription Form 86 Picture Description
66 | YES 4
English in Context
Essential Restaurant English Whether1 you go on holiday abroad2 or you work over the summer in a hotel, the place you are most likely to need3 English is in a restaurant. Fortunately, the conversations between waiters and diners4 are highly predictable.
Magic Words
Photo by Marina Carresi
A cursory5 look at the sentences below should convince you that the secret to interacting in a restaurant in English is saying ‘please’, ‘thank you’ and ‘sorry’. There is a reason for this. When we interact with strangers6, Anglos generally prefer respectful but formal relations between equals. The biggest mistake made by non-Anglo diners is to think they are in a position of superiority over their waiter; the biggest mistake made by non-Anglo waiters is to be overly7 informal. Of course, you should judge each interaction separately and behave8 accordingly, but respectful formality is the best starting point.
First Contact First impressions count and you will put the other person at their ease9 if you show you understand English during your initial contact:
Photo by Usien
whether – irrespective of whether (= ‘if’ – but ‘if’ cannot be used before ‘or’) 2 abroad – overseas, in a foreign country 3 are most likely to need – have the greatest probability of needing 4 diner /ˈdainər/ – (in this case) 1
70 | YES 4
customer in a restaurant 5 cursory – quick, superficial 6 stranger – (false friend) sb. one does not know 7 overly – excessively 8 to behave – act, conduct oneself 9 to put sb. at their ease (putput-put) – make sb. feel relaxed
Waiter: Good evening.10 Waiter: Is that a table for four? Waiter: How many will that be, please? Diner: There’s four of us. Waiter: Would you follow me please? Diner: We’d like to sit near the window, please. Waiter: How’s this table for you?11 Waiter: I’ll just get you some menus.
Ordering Clarity when the order is being taken can avoid all sorts of problems later on: Waiter: Are you ready to order? Diner: Could we have a little longer12? We’re not quite ready yet. Waiter: Of course, sir. Waiter: Can I recommend the lemon sole13? Waiter: How do you like your steak? Diner: Rare14/medium rare/well done, please. Diner: Are there any nuts15 in this? I’m allergic. Waiter: I’m sorry but it seems there’s no lasagna left. Is there anything else you would like instead16? Waiter: And what would you like to drink? Diner: A bottle of mineral water, please. Waiter: Still17 or sparkling18? Waiter: So, that’s two beers, a Coke and a sparkling mineral water. notice that, however late it is, we only say ‘good night’ when we or other people are leaving 11 how’s this table for you? – would this table be satisfactory for you? 12 a little longer – a little more time 10
lemon sole – (Microstomus kitt) a common flatfish 14 rare – fried/grilled very little 15 nuts – 16 instead – in substitution for that 17 still – with no bubbles 18 sparkling – fizzy, with bubbles 13
8
15
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AUDIO SCRIPTS
The following pages contain the transcriptions of what is spoken on the audio files.
SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPS
YES NO. 4 TRACK LIST
Spoken English is significantly different from the written language: A more limited vocabulary is generally used and it is, by definition, more colloquial. Moreover1, spoken English uses many more incomplete or badly constructed sentences. On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech.
Mini-debates (33m10s) 1. Is psychiatry inventing spurious disorders? (12m19s) 2. What is a family? (10m58s) 3. Is the West experiencing a ‘masculine eclipse’? (9m52s)
HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTS
4. Pronunciation (4m02s)
Follow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts:
1
Before you listen we recommend that you read through the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself). This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen.
2
When you listen the first time, don’t expect to understand everything; listening practice should not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much meaning you can extract from the recording.
3
Listen more times going back to the footnotes to integrate the information you have.
4
Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise.
5
Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again.
6
Stop each time you get lost or encounter a structure that interests or confuses you.
7
Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you.
8
Two or three days later, listen to the text again without reading to see if your understanding has improved5.
Monologues: My Perfect Home (12m46s) 5. Monologue 1 [US English] (2m47s) 6. Monologue 2 [Irish English] (3m38s) 7. Monologue 3 [Anglo-Welsh] (3m58s) 8. Monologue 4 [British English] (2m21s) 9. Phonetics (1m19s) Mini-dialogues (19m51s) 10. The Anniversary Trip (5m31s) 11. The 2x4s Ain’t 4x4 (9m43s) 12. Home Delivery (4m35s) 13. Euphonization (0m55s) 14. Picture Description (4m25s) 15. Essential Restaurant Talk (2m23s)
This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy!
Total time: 1h15m13s
moreover – what’s more, furthermore footnotes – notes at the bottom of the page (in this box) 3 subject (n.) – (in this context) theme 4 painful – (in this context) arduous, unpleasant 5 to improve – get better 6 eventually – (false friend) in the end 7 to relate – associate, connect, link 1
2
YES 4 | 87
AUDIO SCRIPTS
Mini-Debates 1. Debate 1 (12m19s)
Is psychiatry inventing spurious1 disorders2? The psychiatric profession stands accused of making up3 mental illnesses so that pharmaceutical companies can sell more drugs4. Are we popping too many pills5?
Englishman (EM): Right, well, the American Psychiatric Association have just recently6 published the latest7 version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder2 which is a sort8 of bible of psychiatric care. This book has a – sort of9 – interesting history because it was… in the 1950s it was ringbound10 thing with a – y’know11 – couple of entries and now it’s huge great big12 tome with thousands and thousands of illnesses. And, I mean13, there’s a number of new ones again this year in the new volume. And according to the last volume, one in six Americans was mentally ill, 48 million, presumably that will jump up14 now with the new illnesses. Are these illnesses? I mean13, if you get to a point where 50% of the population can be defined as mentally ill, does mental illness have any meaning? American man (AM): Well, I think this manual that they have and that
spurious – bogus, false disorder – (in this case) psychological problem 3 to make up (make-made-made) – invent 4 (pharmaceutical) drugs – (in this case) pharmaceutical products 5 to pop pills – take tablets 6 just recently – (emphatic) recently 7 latest – most recent 8 sort – kind, type 9 sort of – (pause filler) kind of, like, I mean, y’know
they publish themselves, they have people who are psychologists 15 that invent – I would say – these new illnesses, they invent them so that they can use them to diagnose patients and have more patients and in order to sell more drugs4. Apparently, if an illness is not defined in this manual then they cannot diagnose someone with that illness… EM: Oh, right. AM: …and therefore they can’t prescribe drugs4 to them. Englishwoman (EW): But can they actually16 invent an illness or do they just basically17 define a condition? EM: Well, let’s have a look at some of the new ones that have gone into the latest book. There’s hoarding18 disorder2, which means that you find it difficult to get rid of19 possessions, you’re addicted to having stuff20. There’s21 also television programmes to back that one up22. I’m not quite sure what the pills are for that, but…
ring-bound – y’know – (pause filler) kind of, sort of, I mean, like 12 huge great big – (emphatic/colloquial) enormous 13 I mean – (pause filler) like, y’know, kind of, sort of 14 to jump up – increase significantly 15 he means ‘psychiatrists’ 16 actually – (false friend) really 17 just basically – (emphatic) basically
1
10
2
11
88 | YES 4
(33m10s)
EW: But different… I mean13, everybody has… there’s a line, isn’t there? EM: It’s a continuum. EW: That you can have a little bit… EM: Sure. EW: But do they actually16 define what is… when it’s a serious… EM: I don’t know the details. I’ll just23 give you a couple more. There’s internet disorder2… Irishman (IM): I’ve got that. EM: …which is being addicted to computers. Yeah, fine, OK. There’s binge-eating24 disorder2. EW: I’ve got that. EM: There’s hyper-sexual disorder2, which means you’re addicted to sex. I don’t know what pills they have for that. AM: But these are new? EM: These are new ones apparently for this latest edition. Y’know11, you’d think they probably already had those in there. But I mean13, you get 48 million Americans as mentally ill even without those new ones. AM: Well, those numbers are good for them and good for the pharmaceutical business. I mean13, the more patients you have the more money you make. IM: It’s basically a racket25. EM: But, so what is mental illness? AM: Very good question.
hoarding – the excessive accumulation of things 19 to get rid of (get-got-got) – discard, throw away, eliminate 20 stuff – (informal) possessions, belongings 21 there’s – (informal) there are 22 to back sth. up – support sth., make sth. more convincing 23 just – (in this case) quickly 24 binge-eating – eating an excessive quantity of food in one meal, compulsive eating 25 racket – fraudulent scheme, swindle 18
11
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EXERCISES PAGE
EXERCISE
112
1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can identify most of the objects and actions illustrated in the footnotes of this issue. 2. Following on from the article on p. 33, here is a Victorian rhyme for predicting the future from your sneezing! See if you can fill the gaps.
113
3. Title Tag: can you match these alternative titles to the news, language and science articles on pp. 7-13? 4. Grammar Focus: fill the gaps in this falsecomparatives exercise (pp. 72-73). 5. Euphemisms: match the euphemisms to their meanings (p. 67).
PAGE
EXERCISE
122
17. Phrasal Verbs Round-up: how many new phrasal verbs have you learned this month? 18. Cinema: a quiz relating to Will Smith (pp. 58-61).
123
124
125
114
6. Word Search: find words relating to involuntary body functions (pp. 30-38).
115
7. Homophones: replace the homophones so that this excerpt about the history of football referees makes sense (pp. 28-29). 8. See how well you absorbed the English in Context material about essential restaurant English (pp. 70-71).
126
127
116
9. Crossword for general vocabulary revision.
117
10. Sentence transformation for general syntax revision of structures from this issue.
118
11. Debates: listening comprehension for audio tracks 1-3
119
12. Too many words: find the unnecessary words in this extract about beards from p. 43. 13. US vs. UK: fill the gaps in the chart. This relates to the whole magazine.
128
129
130 120
121
14. Idioms: complete the sentences with names of ancient peoples from pp. 79-81. 15. Pronunciation round-up: review the difficult words from the footnotes. 16. Word game: test your vocabulary and understanding of English morphology
19. False Friends: test how well you have understood p. 78. 20. False Friends Round-Up: review the false friends identified in the footnotes. 21. Prepositions: fill the gaps in this text about Assyrian hairstyles with the correct prepositions (p. 41). 22. Internet Listening: test your listening comprehension of this fascinating talk about art (p. 39). 23. Reading comprehension: an exercise relating to pp. 50-51. 24. Phrasal verbs: revise the multi-word verbs from pp. 76-77. 25. Dialogues: a listening comprehension on tracks 10-12 (pp. 102-109) 26. Translation: correct this real example of broken English from Lisbon. 27. Economics: a varied exercise relating to pp. 17-19? 28. Wordplay: another word game relating to the Society article on p. 16. 29. Word Building: complete these sentences with compound ‘body’ words from pp. 68-69. 30. A multiple-choice reading-comprehension exercise relating to pp. 25-27. 31. Listening comprehension for the monologues (audio tracks 5-8, pp. 98-102). 32. Pronunciation: practise your euphonization. (pp. 82-83). 33. map exercise: a bit of topography relating to the travel article (pp. 21-24). 34. Poetry: use the rhyme scheme to complete these stanzas from the poem analyzed on pp. 54-57.
131-133 ANSWERS
YES 4 | 111
12. Facial Hair. Read the article on p. 43 and answer the following questions: 1. What, according to the article, does the popularity of beards represent? 2. Why would we therefore expect the Ancient Greeks to favour beards? 3. Why did Alexander the Great’s soldiers and Roman soldiers shave their beards? 4. Why were beards banned in the British army in World War I? ii. Below we reproduce the last section on p. 43: ‘The US Hair Terrorist’. However, there is an unnecessary word in each line. Indentify it and write it on the right. Don’t look back at the article until after you have finished the exercise: When Lincoln was being elected in 1860 he was the first bearded US President. A Democrat named with Valentine Tapley had sworn that he would never shave himself again if Lincoln became president and, by the time of Tapley’s death in 1910, his own beard was around four metres long. The USA hasn’t had a new bearded President for 120 years despite of a series of them in the second half of the 19th Century.
1.............................................................................................. 2............................................................................................. 3............................................................................................. 4............................................................................................ 5............................................................................................. 6............................................................................................
In February of 2013 an Amish leader in Ohio, Samuel Mullet, was jailed for 15 years prison for organizing the kidnapping of dissident members of his community and too cutting their hair and beards off. 15 of Mullet’s followers were jailed up for lesser terms for carrying out his orders. The married Amish men are expected to grow beards, so that the attacks were a symbolic castration.
7............................................................................................. 8............................................................................................ 9............................................................................................ 10.......................................................................................... 11............................................................................................ 12...........................................................................................
13. US vs. UK. Throughout the magazine we highlight variety-specific vocabulary in the footnotes. See if you can complete this chart with the missing terms: UK English 1
US English
crayfish
page/footnote reference (p. 8, n. 4)
2
elevator
(p. 10, n. 24)
3
fetus
(p. 30, n. 4)
4
laughter lines
5
blusher
(p. 35, n. 10) (p. 38, n. 32)
6
wait in line
(p. 39, n. 12)
7
name sth. for sb.
(p. 48, n. 4)
bodysuit
(p. 69, n. 4)
8
full stop
9 10
(p. 65, n. 6)
behaviour
11
(p. 77, n. 10) Holstein cow
(p. 79, n. 7)
12
cooker
(p. 98, n. 182)
13
smack-bang
(p. 99, n. 197)
14
zucchini
(p. 101, n. 238)
15
cutlery
(p. 103, n. 286)
16
a tin
(p. 104, n. 295)
17
gaol
(p. 104, n. 296) YES 4 | 119
STAFF Anglo Files, S.L. (publisher) Nicholas Franklin (editor) nick@yes-mag.com Marina Carresi (artistic director and photography, proofreading) marina@yes-mag.com Nathan Burkiewicz (sub-editor, page-design, webmaster) nathan@yes-mag.com Fabiola Vieyra (promotion) Josh Tampico (sound engineer) Gonzalo Cohen (legal)
WRITERS, VOICES, INVALUABLE SUPPORT & HELPING HANDS Douglas Jasch, Prof. Raoul Franklin, Colman Keane, Almudena Cáceres, Susannah Jones, Robbie Jones, Lois Humphrey, Julie Davies, Adrian Hall, AmyJo Doherty, Hamish Binns, Ruth Hellema, Garrett Wall, Dave Mooney, Howard Brown, Bea Alzona, Saskia Eijkins.
PHOTOGRAPHY Cover photo: ‘Will Smith’ by Vanessa Lua. Leonardo L. Carresi, Lois Humphrey, José Luis López, Almudena Cáceres, Sara L. Carresi, David Osado, Rocío Puy, Alex, Josh Tampico, Raúl Puy and Irene Sanz
134 | YES 4
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Published by Anglo Files S.L. C/ Bronce 27, 11-B, Madrid 28045 Depósito legal: M-9788-2013 // ISSN: 2255-5676 PVP: 10,00€ VAT included/incluido IVA // Printed in Spain All rights reserved. Neither all nor part of this magazine can be reproduced, recorded in or transmitted by any information-recovery system by any means, be it mechanical, photochemical, magnetic, electronic, photocopies or any other method or used for commercial purposes without prior written permission from the publisher and in accordance with the Intellectual Property Law. Any violation of these terms and conditions will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.
In the Next Issue of Your English Supplement
Let’s get cerebral:
YOUR BRILLIANT BRAIN How to be Intelligent: - Emotional intelligence, - Artificial intelligence and - The benefits of stupidity The process of thrombosis: - Jill Bolt Taylor’s Stroke of Insight Aware of being conscious: - What is consciousness and do we really have it? - My brain made me do it – criminality and consciousness - Are animals conscious? The first sign of madness: - Talking to ourselves: the conversation in our heads Left hemisphere, right hemisphere: - Does your brain determine your politics?
Cinema
Poetry
Charlize Theron – the South African chameleon
Blake’s The Tyger: children’s poem or revolutionary philosophy?
This is the end: - Thoughts after death Plus loads more stuff on economics, internet, science, news, language etc. which we haven’t decided yet!
SUDÁN DEL SUR, 2012 © SHANNON JENSEN