Your English Supplement
Volume 6
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ROBOTS Will they replace us?
DOSSIER: Emotions Tom Hanks · What Makes Us Human · Emotional Language
More than 1 HOUR OF AUDIO to download
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demise2 of humanity. This is not just something that Hollywood scriptwriters3 think about. Such things worry computer-programming expert Jaan Tallinn, co-founder of Skype, Huw Price, professor4 of philosophy at Cambridge,
How to Use Your English Supplement
and Lo Colleg Study Par capaci dicted From telligen ‘the Si beings
SYMBOLS
Each page-long article in the magazine has been created to be used more or less independently so that you can learn and practise even if you only have five or ten minutes free. At the same time, the symbols below allow you to develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare a class or classes around a common theme.
Exercise (at the end of the magazine). Test and consolidate what you have learned.
THE EN
Speaking extension. A question aimed at provoking a group discussion of the topic in question.
Photo by GabboT
to bring about (bring-broughtbrought) – cause 2 demise – end, decline 3 scriptwriter – sb. who writes the script (= text) of a movie 4 professor – (false friend) head 1
Downloadable audio file (see also audio scripts). There are recommendations on how best to use the audio files on p. 87.
This arrow directs you to other related articles in the magazine.
p. 40
6, 22
p. 6
of department at a university, senior academic 5 to set up (set-set-set) – create, establish 6 to arise (arise-arose-arisen) – emerge, occur
p.6
ABBREVIATIONS KEY Listening extension (Internet). Once you’ve learned the basic vocabulary of a topic, why not listen to further discussions? 4 | YES 6
These are the only abbreviations you have to know to use this magazine: sb. = somebody sth. = something swh. = somewhere [U] = uncountable noun [C] = countable noun
Some will be idea: f robots in our gent b octopu experi licate t ity can as dra simply obsole from v 1925, “ but a w
speed from t 9 naïve – 10 to tre 11 scena thetic
7
8
phone antennas. There is little danger of the message being garbled5 – as it is in the game of Chinese whispers6 – because it is so simple: “danger predator”.
FOOTNOTES
The superscript numbers in the text refer to the footnotes at the bottom or at the side of the same page. The footnotes explain the difficult vocabulary as determined by our non-native proofreaders. Like you, these proofreaders are learners so they are able to identify the exact words you need to know to understand the sentence. Definitions are given in English, so that you learn to think in English and these definitions are then checked by the non-native proofreaders to ensure that you will understand them. Some words are defined by pictures: we use these visual stimuli when that is the best way to fix an idea in your memory. Read the definition or look at the illustration and then re-read the sentence in question. By working with English-language footnotes you will rapidly increase your vocabulary and learn how English words relate to each other, all of which will have a dramatic impact on your fluency and self-confidence1 . Some readers find it useful to put their finger next to the word in the article that they are looking for in the footnotes to make it easier to return to the text afterwards. Either way, it shouldn’t be difficult to find your place because the footnotes are numbered and the words are highlighted in bold. Notice that the syllables and words that should be stressed2 are underlined. Red footnotes give extra cultural (rather than linguistic) information, or they refer you to other articles.
PHONEMIC SYMBOLS Here are the phonemic symbols that we use which might cause you problems.
Consonants
Meanwhile9, a study from Anglia Rus sity has found that African elephants plan on cropland11 to coincide with the new m raids are more frequent and more substa the nights are darkest. This suggests that stand that darkness lowers the risk of bei farmers12. Or perhaps they know that hu less and more lightly13 when there is a fu
MY NAME IS FLI
Dolphins have a signature whistle14 whi identify themselves and to identify others hear a familiar whistle they will repeat it b acquaintance15, which they don’t do for whistle. Moreover, a study from the Unive cago has now found that dolphins remem signature whistles14 after more than 20 gesting they have the best memory in the Photo by Ikiwaner
NOT-SO-CARNIVOROUS CROCS7
Research from the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Charleston, South Carolina, has confirmed decades of anecdotal reports: over half the existing crocodilian species supplement their diet with fruit. It seems that at least 13 of the 23 species of crocodiles and alligators in the world today eat fruit as well as meat. warning (adj.) – alarm to bang – beat, hit to pick up – receive 4 to relay – resent 5 garbled – incoherent, meaningless 6 Chinese whispers (UK English) – broken telephone (US English) 7 croc – (colloquial) crocodile 8 full moon – when the complete disc of the moon is visible 1
(associated with werewolves) meanwhile – at the same time raid – surprise attack 11 cropland – arable farms 12 farmer – agriculturalist 13 more lightly – less deeply 14 signature whistle – high-frequency sound that identifies an individual 15 acquaintance – known individual, (in this case) friend
2
9
3
10
2
1
self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’) to stress sth. – emphasize, underline
2
/ʧ/ as in church, watch /ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action /ʤ/ as in judge, gesture /ʒ/ as in measure, vision /j/ as in yes /θ/ as in thick, path /ð/ as in this, breathe /ŋ/ as in sing
Pure Vowels
/æ/ as in cat /ʌ/ as in cut /ə/ as in occur, supply, aroma /ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn /ɔ:/ as in court, warn
Dipthongs
/iə/ as in ear, here /eə/ as in air, there
YES 6 | 5
CURRENT AFFAIRS This section of the magazine offers short news stories organized thematically: 7
News & Anecdotes - stories from around the world.
8
Technology News - tech stories from around the world.
9
Language News & Anecdotes - light-hearted linguistic stories from around the world.
10 11 12 13
Science News: Archaeology & Anthropology - keep up with the past! Science News: Robotics - the latest news from robotic research labs Science News: Health - salubrious stories! Science News: Animal Behaviour - zoological surprises EXERCISE 2
14 Internet News: - safer authentication is on its way EXERCISE 28 15 Internet News: - don’t let your smartphone ruin your love life 16 Technology: the Technocene – our robotic future - will robots make us happy or simply replace us? EXERCISES 6, 22 18 Economics: the upside of conflict at work - how arguing can be good for business 19 Economics: are you sabotaging your financial success? - the sky is the limit if you change your behaviour 20 Economics: it’s all in the mind - there’s only a recession because we think there’s one EXERCISE 27
6 | YES 6
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION
Watch a National Geographic report about the ‘Llullaillaco Maiden’: http://goo.gl/sVHwXB
15
Speak: do you get mobile etiquette wrong? Do cellphones create conflict in your society?
16
Watch The Singularity is Near, a 2-hour documentary about our robotic future: http://goo.gl/KQ8M6R
10
Speak: does the robotic future scare you or fill you with hope?
Language news
OED PUTS ITS FOOT IN IT13, LITERALLY
Britain is up in arms14. After decades of letters to The Times and even books (Quite Literally and Literally the Best Language Book Ever), The Oxford English Dictionary has accepted that ‘literally’ doesn’t just mean ‘verbatim’ or ‘precisely’ but can be used as a vague word of emphasis.
VULGARITY, NOT BLASPHEMY
Photo by Marco Sacchi
THE LANGUAGE OF RECESSION
The International Herald Tribune has been looking at the influence of the EU recession on European languages. To start with, economics has become a subject for postprandial1 discussion2 like never before. Ordinary conversation in southern Europe is now peppered with3 ‘the risk premium’, ‘the troika’, ‘competitive shock’, ‘market bubbles’4 and ‘bonuses’. Italian has adopted new terms in semi-English such as spreaddite and downgradare. Indeed5, the Herald Tribute claims6 that Italians now track7 the spread8 between German and Italian bond yields9 “with a passion once reserved for soccer”. The prestige of economics is at an all-time low, just when we have all become economists. Maybe it is due to10 all the unemployment. Galbraith 11 once said, “Economics is extremely useful as a form of employment for economists”. Unemployment has spawned12 a generation of ‘nei-nors’ (i.e. ni-nis) in Spain, who neither work nor study. They are called ‘the distressed generation’ in Portugal. However, the best bit of linguist irony comes from Greece where they talk about the ‘nouveaux pauvres’ (neoptohi) in contrast to the Greek word for the nouveaux riches (neoplouti). postprandial – after lunch, after dinner 2 discussion – (false friend) conversation, debate 3 to be peppered with – be full of 4 bubble – situation in which market prices are unsustainable 5 indeed – (emphatic) in fact 1
2
to claim – say, state to track – monitor, follow 8 spread – (in this case) difference 9 bond yield – sum returned to the owner of a bond 10 due to – because of 11 John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006) US Keynesian
6 7
A vicar in Cambridgeshire, the Reverend Alice Goodman has been criticized by members of her congregation for a bumper sticker15 on her car which reads, “WTFWJD?”. It stands for “What the fuck would Jesus do?”. The Revd. Goodman has defended the use of the sticker saying it is vulgar but not blasphemous.
AMERICAN MESSIAHS
A judge16 in Tennessee has changed a baby’s name from ‘Messiah’ to ‘Martin’. Judge16 Lu Ann Ballew was deciding which of the parents’ surnames the boy was to use but took advantage of17 the opportunity to order that his first name be changed too. She states that there is only one Messiah “and that person is Jesus Christ”. In fact, Judge Ballew is wrong; over 700 babies were christened18 Messiah in the USA last year. Meanwhile, the most popular names given to babies in Britain last year were Harry and Amelia. The most popular boy’s name in London was Muhammad. economist to spawn – generate 13 to put one’s foot in it (put-putput) – make a serious error 14 to be up in arms – be very angry and indignant 15 bumper sticker – adhesive sign put on the back of a car 12
judge – to take advantage of (taketook-taken) – use 18 to christen – baptize 16 17
YES 6 | 9
CULTURE
This section of the magazine offers...
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION 38 39
22-25 Travel: Visiting the Limeys – an American in the UK EXERCISE 23 26-27 History: the Mau-Mau Uprising 28 Language: does accent matter? 29 Language: the problem with English EXERCISE 15
THE EMOTIONS DOSSIER 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Fear is a man’s best friend Living without fear Time to be Timid Shyness & cultural placebos Anger & its audience How to clear your head – emotions under control Heartbreak – dying from a broken heart The politics of disgust Money can buy you happiness In pursuit of happiness EXERCISE 5
40 Art: Artificial creativity – the rise of machine art EXERCISE 32 43 Song: Forever You’ll Be by Track Dogs EXERCISE 24 44 Names: names for movements that were originally insults 46-49 Sports: the Ashes: ungentlemanly conduct on the cricket pitch EXERCISE 11 50-53 Fashion: Naomi Campbell – black is beautiful EXERCISE 7 54-57 Poetry: Keats’s To Autumn – coming to terms with death EXERCISE 31 58-61 Cinema: Tom Hanks – the all-rounder EXERCISE 18 62-63 True Crime: Sweden’s Hannibal Lecter EXERCISE 21
40 43
Watch Michael Norton talking about experiences vs. stuff: http://goo.gl/ruZZs3 Watch Martin Seligman talking about positive psychology: http://goo.gl/vb4bS6 Watch this video about the artificial creativity of the Painting Fool: http://goo.gl/1aveh2 Watch Track Dogs playing Forever You’ll Be live at: http://goo.gl/bbwTMa Check out all their videos on their YouTube channel (trackdogsvideo): http://goo.gl/nY0YH0
Watch this long docudrama about the ‘bodyline’ series: http://goo.gl/MWEhKo
54
Listen to this recital of Keats’ To Autumn: http://goo.gl/yWPsVX
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Watch this Australian report about the Thomas Quick case: http://goo.gl/C3T0BZ
46
21 | YES 6
Feature
Anger & its Audience
Photo by Kenny Louie
U
ncontrolled anger – and, let’s face it1, ‘controlled’ anger is simply acting – is a bad thing. It breaks up marriages, ruins families and loses people jobs. However, the impact of anger depends very much on who is angry and who is listening.
Sexism & Anger Both men and women find anger more acceptable in men than in women. A woman’s emotional outburst2 tends to be attributed to her character, a man’s to external circumstances. 3 This is in part because women’s voices tend to go to a higher pitch4 when they are angry – making them sound shrill5 – while men’s goes go to a lower pitch – making them sound dominant. let’s face it – if we are honest outburst – eruption 3 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, volume 80, p. 86 4 pitch [U] – tone, frequency 5 shrill – high-pitched and hysterical 6 row /rau/ – quarrel, argument 7 tiff – (colloquial) quarrel, argument 1
2
34 | YES 6
partner – lover aggro – (British informal) aggression 10 to carry out – perform, do 11 scowl – frown, glower, glare 12 snarl – angry exhibition of one’s teeth 13 sneer – disdainful smile 14 whereas – by contrast 15 just – (in this case) simply 16 builder – constructor 8
9
East is East A study from the University of California found that angry outbursts2 can gain concessions if one is negotiating with Westerners but won’t if one is negotiating with Asians.
Trouble at Home Domestic rows6 can be ugly but they are also healthy, according to a study from the University of Maryland. People who suppress their anger in tiffs7 at home die younger than those who don’t. On the other hand, when both partners8 in a relationship express their anger, they both live significantly longer.
Lego Aggro9 If you associate Lego with constructive play, think again. A study of 6000 Lego figures carried out10 at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand has found that the faces of most Lego figures are angry, anxious or frustrated. When the figures were first introduced in 1975 most of the faces were smiling. However, scowls11, snarls12 and sneers13 now predominate. Part of the problem is that the Lego figures increasingly reflect pre-established stories of conflict (Harry Potter, the Hulk, etc.) whereas14 earlier figures were just15 happy builders16, etc. The researchers postulate that the negativity may affect the way children play. 5
70, 79
Cinema
TOM HANKS There’s1 two people warring2 inside Tom, and the one would definitely laugh and poke fun3 at the other. - ACTOR AND FRIEND, PETER SCOLARI
T
he first decade of Tom Hanks’s career4 in which he played the clown 5 in (very) light comedies 6 is now a distant memory. Since then he has displayed7 his versatility in roles of deep pathos8. 9 However, you never have the feeling with this great actor that life is a tragedy because – be it10 in comedy or drama – he always transmits hope and the idea that things can change or at least we can change ourselves. He is somebody one would want to meet because his effortless amiability is transparent on screen11.
Tom Hanks 1989
Photo by Alan Light
Small Tom Hanks was born on 9th July, 1956 in Concord, California. His father, Amos, was a chef and the son of British immigrants, while his mother, Janet, was a hospital worker of Portuguese descent12. Tom was the third child of four. Unfortunately, Amos and Janet Hanks divorced when Tom was five. After the divorce Jim, the youngest went to live with his mother while Tom and his older siblings13 stayed with his father.
Tomfoolery14 Amos Hanks was constantly on the move15 looking for work. As a result, Tom got used to16 regular change but it also meant he had difficulties in establishing close17 relationships. Perhaps to compensate, Tom played the fool18. Tom would say that he was the second funniest member of the family; he claimed19 that his brother Larry – four years older and now an entomologist20 – was funnier than him. However, Larry stated21 that Tom was the clown22. there’s – (informal) there are warring – in conflict 3 to poke fun at sb. – ridicule sb. 4 career – (false friend) professional trajectory 5 to play the clown22 – act in a comical way 6 such as Splash (1984), Bachelor Party (1984), The Money Pit (1986) and Big (1988) 7 to display – show, (in this case) 1
2
58 | YES 6
demonstrate of deep pathos – able to evoke pity and sadness in the audience 9 such as Andrew Beckett (in Philadelphia, 1993), Forrest Gump (1994), Capt. John Miller (in Saving Private Ryan, 1998), Charlie Wilson (in Charlie Wilson’s War, (2007) and Thomas Schell (in 8
Extremely Loud Incredibly Close, 2011) 10 be it – irrespective of whether it is 11 on screen – in movies 12 descent – ancestry 13 siblings – (in this case) brother and sister 14 tomfoolery – buffoonery, silliness 15 on the move – itinerant
to get used to (get-got-got) – become accustomed to 17 close – intimate 18 to play the fool – play the clown22 19 to claim – say, state, declare 20 entomologist – zoologist who studies insects 21 to state – declare, say 22 clown – buffoon 16
18
GRAMMAR
This section of the magazine offers...
SPEAKING EXTENSION 83
Watch this short video about identifying mushrooms: http://goo.gl/dPtcCr
AUDIO SCRIPTS EXTENSION
US vs. UK: trans-Atlantic differences in the language of emotion EXERCISE 12
66
Translation: The Paris-Hilton Problem EXERCISE 26
68
Metaphor & Phrasal Verbs: a useful approach? EXERCISE 17
70
English in Context: the art of being irritable EXERCISE 5
Track 4-5
72
Grammar Focus: Feel EXERCISE 3
74
Word Building: emotional word families EXERCISE 29
76
Emotional False Friends EXERCISE 19
78
Idioms: emotional expressions EXERCISE 14
82
Etymology: coincidence
83
Visualizing Vocabulary: mushrooms EXERCISE 4
84
Phonetics: open o: phonetics for skinheads
85 86
Subscription Form Picture Description
65
Track 1 Track 2
Track 3
Conversation point: do you know any songs based on true stories? If so, explain what they are about. EXERCISE 24
Tracks 6-10 Conversation point: what games did you play as a child? EXERCISE 30 Track 12 Track 14
64 | YES 6
Conversation point: should mammoths be resuscitated? Conversation point: the logical implication of globalization is the free movement of labour worldwide – do you agree? Conversation point: is Germany too strong in the EU? EXERCISE 10
Conversation point: do you consider a pet to be ‘part of the family’? Conversation point: if you were to go to a fancy dress party with your ‘significant other’ what would you go as? EXERCISE 25
English in Context
The Art of Being Irritable English has honed1 irritability into a fine art.
My thesis is this: English has a richer, more varied vocabulary for irritability than for any other emotion. Indeed2, I believe that English is unique among languages3 in finding the nuance4 in annoyance.
Mild Irritation The standard word to describe somebody suffering from mild5 irritation is annoyed. Other words for this transient6 state caused by things not going according to plan are bothered and irked. An Elizabethan word that has made an unlikely7 comeback over the last decade or so in youth culture8 is vexed. Some people – I mention no names – tend to be irritable when they wake up9. We would tend to describe such a person (though not to his or her face) as cranky, though ‘cranky’ can also describe general irritability. Crankiness is cured with coffee (or tea). ‘Cranky’ comes from an old Scots word meaning ‘distorted’ 10.
The Irritation of Youth
Stroppy
Model Arturo Pozo, photo by José Miguel Serrano
to hone – perfect, refine indeed – (emphatic) in fact 3 among(st) languages – as a language 4 nuance – subtle distinctions 5 mild /maild/ – minor 6 transient – transitory 7 unlikely – improbable, (in this case) surprising 1
2
70 | YES 6
Mothers are cross. It is a somewhat old-fashioned word (motherese 11 usually is) and implies the sort of controlled anger and moral superiority that mothers tend to wield12. Stroppy describes the very different form of irritability that characterizes teenagers. It implies bloodyminded13 irritability. ‘Stroppy’ seems to be a corruption of ‘obstreperous’, an arcane14 word meaning ‘noisy and youth culture – the language and culture of young people 9 to wake up (wake-woke-woken) – stop sleeping 10 distorted – out of shape, deformed 11 motherese – maternal language 12 to wield – (in this case) have 13 bloody-minded – uncooperative and 8
Grumpy
difficult to control’. Another word for adolescent irritability is bolshie. This is ultimately15 a diminutive of Bolshevik and tells us something of the British attitude to the Russian Revolution.
Grumpy Old Men The sort of self-important irritability that we might associate with middle-aged men can be reflected in surly. The natural state of many old men is irritability – a fact known since at least the times of Seneca, who included angry old men in many of his plays. Old age has its own variety of irritability. Angry old men can be described as grumpy, crotchety or cantankerous. ‘Crotchety’ comes from the old meaning of ‘crotchet’ (= whim16), so the idea is an old person (usually a man) who gets irritable when he doesn’t get what he wants. It has been suggested that ‘cantankerous’ is a fusion of ‘contentious’ 17 and ‘rancorous’. Irritable older men in the USA are grouchy. This comes from ‘to grouch’ (= complain18). difficult arcane – mysterious, little known 15 ultimately – (false friend) in the final analysis 16 whim – caprice 17 contentious – controversial, likely to cause an argument 18 to complain – protest, object 14
5
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AUDIO SCRIPTS
The following pages contain the transcriptions of what is spoken on the audio files.
SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPS
Spoken English is significantly different from the written language: A more limited vocabulary is generally used and it is, by definition, more colloquial. Moreover1, spoken English uses many more incomplete or badly constructed sentences. On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech.
YES NO. 6 TRACK LIST Mini-debates (27m32s) 1. Resuscitating Mammoths (6m44s) 2. A Free Market for Labour (9m06s) 3. Is Germany Too Strong in the EU? (11m41s) 4. Interview with Garrett Wall (10m08s)
HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTS
Follow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts: 5. Song: Forever You’ll Be (3m17s)
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8
Before you listen we recommend that you read through the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself). This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen.
Monologues: Childhood Games (21m27s) 6. Monologue 1 [US English] (3m32s) 7. Monologue 2 [US English] (5m38s) 8. Monologue 3 [UK English] (3m55s) 9. Monologue 4 [South African English] (3m51s) 10. Monologue 5 [UK English] (4m30s)
When you listen the first time, don’t expect to understand everything; listening practice should not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much meaning you can extract from the recording. Listen more times going back to the footnotes to integrate the information you have.
11. Phonetics: Open O (1m06s) Mini-dialogues (13m58s) 12. Dog in Boots (3m03s) 13. Cell Hell (7m16s) 14. The Party (3m38s)
Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise.
Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again. 15. Picture Description (3m44s) Stop each time you get lost or encounter a structure that interests or confuses you.
Total time: 1h21m14s
Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you.
Two or three days later, listen to the text again without reading to see if your understanding has improved5.
This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy!
moreover – what’s more, furthermore footnotes – notes at the bottom of the page (in this box) 3 subject (n.) – (in this context) theme 4 painful – (in this context) arduous, unpleasant 5 to improve – get better 6 eventually – (false friend) in the end 7 to relate – associate, connect, link 1
2
YES 6 | 87
AUDIO SCRIPTS
Mini-debates 1. Debate 1: Resuscitating Mammoths (6m44s) Should we clone mammoths?
Englishman (EM): OK. First question. Should we clone mammoths? American man 1 (AM1): I think we should, why not? I mean1, they’ve recently found a well-kept specimen in Siberia with actually2 liquid blood3. I think the only problem is that it’s going to be quite expensive and most likely4 will turn out 5 – kind of6 – like… what was the name of the sheep? American man 2 (AM2): Dolly. AM1: Dolly… that they cloned. If she does survive7. I mean1, she was sterile, so. AM2: And the purpose? AM1: Because we can, why not? South African woman (SW): Because there’s8 a lot of other things that could be done with the money to save existing species that are in danger of becoming extinct as we speak. EM: OK, but if a private enterprise can do that with their own money. I mean1, we spend ridiculous amounts9 of money on football players and arms and things like that. SW: That’s not necessarily good either. EM: Yeah but if it’s private money, I mean – (pause filler) y’know, like, sort of, kind of 2 actually – (false friend) really 3 blood – red liquid typically found in veins and arteries 4 most likely – most probably 5 to turn out – end up, be... in the end 1
88 | YES 6
if they can recoup10 the money. I mean1, the thing about that type of genetic research is that they learn so much in the process of reproducing, of doing something whacky11 like creating a mammoth perhaps. AM2: Well – y’know12 – I can see maybe – y’know12 – some animals if it’s to the better good if you can say that, for example, like wolves13. If wolves disappeared I would be all in
(27m32s) favour of trying to clone them and bring them back because they serve an environmental purpose. Y’know12, if there’s some type of purpose that they’re going to serve to benefit us, why not. But some of this… EM: OK, but there is a theory that the megafauna of the last Ice Age was made extinct by a species called Homo sapiens sapiens, that we were responsible for wiping out14 the mammoths, wiping out the woolly rhinos15… AM2: We’re responsible for wiping out most animals, y’know12! SW: But that’s only a theory. That hasn’t been proven either. And I think there are different better ways of
Photo by Steve, Jurveston
kind of – (in this case) more or less does survive – (emphatic) survives 8 there’s – (colloquial) there are 9 amount – quantity, sum 10 to recoup – recuperate, regain 11 whacky – foolish, ludicrous, bizarre 12 y’know – (pause filler) I mean, kind of, sort
6 7
of, like wolf (plural ‘wolves’) – 14 to wipe out – exterminate 15 woolly rhino – 13
10
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EXERCISES
PAGE 122
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PAGE 112
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EXERCISE 1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can identify most of the objects and actions illustrated in the footnotes of this issue. 2. Title Tag: can you match these alternative titles to the news and science articles on pp. 7-13? 3. Grammar Focus: replace the ‘feel’ structures in these sentences (pp. 72-73). 4. Visualizing Vocabulary: a couple of quick questions about mushrooms (p. 83).
114
5. Word Search: find words relating to emotions (pp. 30-39, 70-71).
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6. Prepositions: fill the gaps in this text about the word ‘robot’ with the correct prepositions (pp. 16-17). 7. Match the fashion words from the article on pp. 50-53.
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125
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EXERCISE 17. Phrasal Verbs Round-up: how many new phrasal verbs have you learned this month? 18. Cinema: a quiz relating to Tom Hanks (pp. 58-61). 19. False Friends: test how well you have understood pp. 76-77. 20. False Friends Round-Up: review the false friends identified in the footnotes. 21. Homophones: replace the homophones so that this excerpt from the True Crimes article (pp. 62-63) makes sense. 22. Internet Listening: test your listening comprehension of this fascinating talk about robots (pp. 16-17). 23. Reading comprehension: an exercise relating to the Travel section (pp. 22-25). 24. Listening comprehension relating to the interview with Garrett Wall (audio track 4, pp. 96-99). 25. Dialogues: a listening comprehension on tracks 12-14 (pp. 106-110). 26. Translation: correct these real examples of broken English (p. 66).
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8. Crossword for general vocabulary revision.
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9. Sentence transformation for general syntax revision of structures in this issue.
118
10. Debates: listening comprehension for audio tracks 1-3 (pp. 88-96).
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29. Word Building: complete these sentences with emotional words from the families on pp. 74-75.
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11. Too many words: find the unnecessary words in this extract from the Sports section (pp. 46-49). 12. US vs. UK: practise what you learned on p. 65. 13. US vs. UK: fill the gaps in the chart. This relates to the whole magazine.
129
30. Listening comprehension for the monologues (audio tracks 6-10, pp. 99-105). 31. Poetry: use the rhyme scheme to complete these stanzas from the poem analysed on pp. 54-57.
14. Idioms: complete the sentences to form ‘emotional’ expressions from pp. 78-81. 15. Pronunciation round-up: review the difficult words from the footnotes.
130
120
121
27. Economics: a varied exercise relating to pp. 18-20. 28. Wordplay: another word game relating this one to the Internet article on p. 14.
32. Cloze exercise: fill the gaps in this article about machine art (pp. 40-42).
131-133 ANSWERS
16. Word game: test your vocabulary and understanding of English morphology.
YES 6 | 111
11. Internet. Read the article on pp. 14-15 and answer the following question: Below we reproduce part of the first paragraph of Colman’s article on the 1932-33 ‘bodyline’ cricket tour (p. 46). However, in this version, there is an unnecessary word in each line. Identify it and write it on the right. Don’t look back at the article until after you have finished the exercise: In July of 1931 the MCC appointed Douglas Jardine to lead England to Australia. From that moment outwards the thin-lipped businessman, cricket amateur and the old Winchester boy had been mulling over how to stop off the fabulous Australian batsman Don Bradman from humiliating to England yet again. The memory of how Bradman on his maiden overseas tour in year 1930 had decimated all of England’s bowlers still rankled her. That summer the ‘Don’ had come within 40 of recording 3000 runs, had made up 10 centuries and, even more of a concern for Jardine, had made himself an aggregate of 974 runs in the five-match Ashes test series. Jardine had not only been in that England team but he was nevertheless determined to prove that this team was skippered by him would neutralize Bradman, outmanoeuvre the Australians too and in the process regain the coveted Ashes.
1................................................................................. 2................................................................................ 3................................................................................ 4................................................................................ 5................................................................................ 6................................................................................ 7................................................................................ 8................................................................................ 9................................................................................ 10............................................................................. 11............................................................................... 12..............................................................................
12. US vs. UK. Read the article on p. 65 and try to memorize the terms. Then, without looking back at that page, see if you can complete this chart with the missing terms: UK English
US English
1
brassed off
t_______________ off
2
ch________________ off
teed off
3
browned off
s___________________________
4
p__________________ off
bent out of shape
5
randy
s___________________________
13. US vs. UK. Throughout the magazine we highlight variety-specific vocabulary in the footnotes. See if you can complete this chart with the missing terms: UK English
US English
page/footnote reference
1
Chinese w_________________
broken telephone
(p. 13, n. 6)
2
bellboy
bell______________
(p. 59, n. 14)
3
country b____________________
hick
(p. 45, n. 9)
4
dr________________t
draft
(p. 73, n. 4)
5
underground
s___________________
6
dr________________s
checkers
(p. 100, n. 234)
7
Cluedo
Cl___________
(p. 100, n. 235)
8
get a word in edgew_____________
get a word in edgewise
(p. 108, n. 453)
9
s________________ boat
sailboat
(p. 110, n. 502)
(p. 97, n. 183)
YES 6 | 119
STAFF Anglo Files, S.L. (publisher) Nicholas Franklin (editor) nick@yes-mag.com Marina Carresi (artistic director and photography, proofreading) marina@yes-mag.com Nathan Burkiewicz (sub-editor, page-design, webmaster) nathan@yes-mag.com Fabiola Vieyra (promotion) Josh Tampico (sound engineer) Gonzalo Cohen (legal)
WRITERS, VOICES, INVALUABLE SUPPORT & HELPING HANDS Douglas Jasch, Prof. Raoul Franklin, Colman Keane, Almudena Cáceres, Susannah Jones, Rod Musselman, Lois Humphrey, Garrett Wall, Dave Mooney, Howard Brown, Bea Alzona, Saskia Eijkins.
PHOTOGRAPHY Cover photos: ‘Robot’ by Humanrobo; ‘Emotions’ by Alex from Ithaca; ‘Tom Hanks’ by Donna Lou Morgan. Leonardo L. Carresi, Almudena Martín, Almudena Cáceres, Sara L. Carresi, David Osado
134 | YES 6
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Published by Anglo Files S.L. C/ Bronce 27, 11-B, Madrid 28045 Depósito legal: M-9788-2013 // ISSN: 2255-5676 PVP: 9,95€ VAT included/incluido IVA // Printed in Spain All rights reserved. Neither all nor part of this magazine can be reproduced, recorded in or transmitted by any information-recovery system by any means, be it mechanical, photochemical, magnetic, electronic, photocopies or any other method or used for commercial purposes without prior written permission from the publisher and in accordance with the Intellectual Property Law. Any violation of these terms and conditions will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.
In the Next Volume of Your English Supplement
ZOMBIES vs. LAWYERS Feature
Zombies: a modern obsession Why is the West fixated on the living dead?
Travel
Thailand: Sojourn in Siam
Psychology Our fascination with death
History Nell Gwyn: England’s most famous royal mistress Photo by Kevin Decherf
THE LANGUAGE OF LAW
All you need to know to speak legalese Expressions
Literature The Gothic tradition: from Shakespeare to modern horror movies
Sports Shelly-Ann Fraser: goddess of the running track
Mythology Thor through the Ages: from Viking god to Marvel hero
Legal Merisms
US vs. UK Transatlantic legal vocabulary
False Friends The faux amis of legalese
Plus loads more stuff on economics, internet, science, news, language etc. which we haven’t decided yet!