YING KAI CHEN STUDIO EARTH: EARTH BOOK

STUDIO EARTH BOOK YING KAI CHEN |834103 | KATE HARRISON|2017

Content 1.0 Three Relationships Point, Line, Plane Mass Frame and Infill

1- 10 11- 16 17- 26

2.0 Secrets of Herring Island Site Analysis Something Like a Pavillion Design Development

29 - 32 32 - 36 37 - 42

3.0 Final Design On and Above Ground Underground

45 - 52 52 - 56

4.0 Reflection

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5.0 Bibliography

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1.0 Point,

Line,Plane Melbourne recital Centre Australia Architect: Ian McDougall 2009

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Point, Line and Plane This Techtonic represents the natural progression of design elements: Points, Lines and Planes into architectural form.

The point is a singularity of which all design begins. A point is non-dimensional, shapeless and are not concerned with direction or movement. Points serve as visual markers and can be used to define the origin of a design. Progressing from the point, line is 2-Dimensional and possess the ability to convey direction and movement from their points of origin. Lines can be dynamic or static and are infinitily manneable in the in style. Line can also used to create enclosed shapes in order to create area and Planes. Being 2 Dimensional in nature, multiple planes can be combined together to create 3-Dimensional form.

Ponit and Line art by Gertrud Goldschmidt.

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Point, Line and Plane Precedent 1 Moneo Brock Glass Pavillion The aspect of this pavillion that struck me the unique usage of point line and plane which I thought was very abstract and intriguing. The alternating use of the frame and glass as well as the panels in the upper shades. The frames of the building are pivotal in the structure of the pavilion as it not only makes up the supports of the buildings themselves but also the upper triangular shelters of the pavillion. The pavillion blurs the line between point line and plane by having combining all three elements in the roof strcuture ratehr than a very clear definite progression.

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Point,Line,Plane Precedent 2

Vasilj Godzh Line Drawing.

Abstrast drawing consisting of overlapping lines and planes. The lines all converge at certain points signifying the beginning or the end of the lines. The converging lines really reminded me of two point perspective drawings as the straight lines would all converge on various vanishing points. The lines intersect and leave empty black voids which are the planes. One thing that I found really intriguing was how the points and subsequent lines all originated out of the black planes thus demonstrating that point line and plane systems don’t always have to progress in that exact order.

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Point,Line,Plane Precedent 3

Fuel Station + McDonalds / Giorgi Khmaladze Blending line and plane togther, this building by Khmaladze uses point line and plane simulataneously without losing any of the elements of the three elements.

Point and line make up the triangular tessilated exterior pattern, the glass panel cladding creates the overall form of the building.

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Design Development Drawing inspiration from the precendent research, a new series of sketches were done in order to further the development of my design thinking. The the new ideas of progressing from mixing up the order of point line and plane was taken from the Godzh’s line drawing in order to assist in development of the the stucture. Furtheremore the idea of playing with two point perpective views of Godzh’s work was also very inspiring and was an idea that I had wanted to explore. Moreover, blending the three elements together was taken from the precendents of brocks glass pavillion and Khmaladze’s building.

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Angled top panel of the structure in order to enhance the the depth of the structure when observed from a perspective viewpoint.

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Point,Line,Plane Design Thinking The design begins at points along the horizintal of the ground while then transitioning into lines which further connect and precede into the development of flat planes. The plates forms the faces of the super structure which in turn create a 3-Dimensional form. While transtitiioning from Point-Line-Plane, previous elements of the design are not lost but are instead built upon to progress into the next stage.

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“In 11 architecture volume can be seen to be either a portion of space contained and defined by wall, floor and ceiling or roof planes or a quantity of space displaced by the mass of the building.” ― Francis D.K. Ching

MASS Deer Cave in Mulu National Park Malaysia

Mass is volumetric and containing length, width and depth. Mass Through Mass architecture is used to create an emotional experience for all visitors evoking the senses of sight, hearing, smell and touch.

The contrast between light and shadow places emphasis on the concept of figure - ground in which the space and scale of a room can be distorted. Contrasting light and dark has parallels in temperature (heat and cold) granting a dynamic experience through such spaces.

Sound through echoes also enforces the scale and scope of the space further perpetuating a unconscious and emotion response to unique experience.

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MASS

PRECEDENT 1

Deer Cave in Mulu National Park The vast space provided by the mulu cave create a very atmospheric experience for all those moving through the underground passage. The sheer scale of the caves demonstrate the weight and mass of the earth as well as the insignificance of humans to the earth. The contrast in the light and shadows helps to exemplify the size of the space, as well as13 creating contrasting emotional responses for all visitors.

MASS

PRECEDENT 2

Church By Tadao Ando The church of light by Tadao Ando utilizes the light shining through the cross shaped opening in the wall. The light shining through from the cross illuminates the entire room no matter where you stand which really suits the idea of the Lord’s light shining down on all in the room.

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Design Development iThe ideas that the precedent cases gave me was a unique way of using natural lights to help with the illumiantion if underground spaces. I decided to place my own drawing in an undreground cave like space in order to exemplify the sheer maginitude of the earth and of the planet. From the precendent of Ando’s church of light, my idea was allow the constrast between light and dark to envoke contrasting emotions for the vistors.

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MASS

MASS

This mass structure depicts a journey through the earth through the contrast between light and dark. Users will travel the layers of the ground as it gets darker and dark the deeper down they go. In the areas of light, people would feel enlightened and confident with the ability to see and be aware of their surroundings. In addition the areas under the light are illuminated with a tint of orange which is a warm colour, this gives the user a feeling of comfort beneath the ground. As the user travels further and further down the dimmer the light gets until the bright warm orange is flushed out and replaced with darkness and blue shadows.

In the dark the users are to be more careful due to presence of overhead stalagmites and uneven ground as they are required to crouch and crawl as they rely on their senses other than sight.

The need to have to duck and get low also emphasises the weight of the earth as the presence of the stalagmites and the lack of light requires the people feel heavy and move slowly. People move through 16 their the underground then make way back up through to the surface.

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Frame and Infill Frame and Infill is a intellectual system that combinesthe permanent being the frame and the temporary being the Infill together as mentioned in the lecture by Alex Selenitsch.

Unlike Mass which places a heavy emphasis on gravity and weight, Frame and Infill systems appeal to transparency and being lightweight which is often demonstrated through the use of specific construction materials.

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Frame and Infill PRECEDENT 1 German Fachhallenhaus The traditional German Fachhallenhaus houses, demonstrate how frame and infill was used in the pre-modern era of housing. The brown wooden frame which can be seen on the outside is surrounded by white brick infill. The wooden frame is illustrates and determines the basic form of the building which is independent of the solid infill elements of the building.

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Katsura Imperial Villa The entirety of the inside of the Katsura Imperial Villa is made up entirely out of Frame and Infill systems whether it be in the floor and ceilling but also in the sliding doors and walls. What I thought was very interesting was how the frame is very consistemt and is made up of the same wooden beams, the infill is varied and is made up of different materials based on the function and placing of the infills.

Frame and Infill PRECEDENT 2

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Dominous Winery The Dominous Winery by Herzog & de Meuron offers an very interesting take on the frame and infill system. What I found really interesting was how the frame system was made from thin lightweight wire frame while the Infill was made up of heavy stones. This example really contrasts my previous conceptions of frame always being the stronger permanent element while the infill was always the lightweight element.

Frame and Infill 21

PRECEDENT 3

Frame and Infill PRECEDENT 4

Prostho Museum Research Center This Structure by Kengo Kuma utilisies the ideas of frame in an very unique and interesting way. Although the use intersecting wooden beams in the form of a large towering structure may seem very simple. the straight beams are not always gonna be aligned with one another depending where the structure is viewed from. Thus the structure changes its form based on where the building is being viewed from.

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Design Development After conducting precedent research, design work in the form of sketching was done in order to help create a strcuture that would help to create a frame and Infill structure. The precedents that I found to be the most useful in developing my concepts was the idea of using various different forms of infill similar to the Katsura Imperial Villa to emphaisis the dynamic nature of infill elements while also highlighting the idea of permanence in the frame structure. Another prominent idea I had wanted to explore was the idea of having multiple and shifting perspectives in the frame structure similiar to the example shown with Kengo Kuma’s Prostho Museum Research Center. In addition I had also wanted to explore the idea of using mass as an Infill element like in the Dominus Winery.

Solid Mass suspended by

Differing 2-Dimensional planes within framing systems.

Multifold plane supported with frame systems.

23 Experimentation of triangular and parallelogramic framing system in order to explore the idea of shifting perspectives.

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Frame and Infill This frame and infill structure possess a 2Ă—2 parallelogram bay system. The unique qualities of the parallelogram mean that the different angles of view of give off very different sights. When viewed front on, the structure looks like a cuboid structure. However, as the view moves around the structure their perceptions of the building will alter and change.

The Infill elements contain both transparent and opaque, folded and flat elements similar to the various infill screens found in the katsura imperial villa. Mass is another infill element implemented into the frame element. The variety in infill demonstrate the temporal aspect of infill as it is the maluable aspect of this techtonic and can be changed.

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Above: The changing

g views of the building when viewed at different perspectives.

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Secrets of Herring Island

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Herring Island: Site Analysis Herring island is a an made island situated a bend in the Yarra River located in the inner suburb of Richmond. The island is only 3.2 hectares in size and is only 3km away from the CBD. The island features many art sculptures that are constructed out of natural materials that help them blend into the surronding landscape, thus acting as secrets for visitors to find.

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Site Analysis of Herring Island Foliage:

Public Spaces:

Heavily forested areas are located in areas of more varying elevation offer a great opportunity for a hidden site to be located.

Large open areas that are relatively flat and would offer a good location for the potential pavillion to be situated as it would be easy to access for the public.

Waterways:

The extra channel on the Burnley end was created to disperse the strong flows of the yarra river. Since the main line is shorter and wider however more water flows through the main line rather than the Burnley Channel thus creating more tidal variation in the southern tip of the island.

As a result the southern end is some times unaccessible due to the tide being too low.

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Site Location

For My Pavillion I had decieded to explore the waterways surronding the island, as such I chose the southern tip of the island as my site.

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I decided to take advantage of the slope on the southern most tip of the island as it is the most prominent are of the Low tide on Herring island.

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2.0

Something like a Pavillion

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Concepticle Idea From observations and research conducted on the rising and falling tides of the southern end of the island, the idea of hiding a secret within the water was one that was brought to my attention.

The initial design concept was based on the idea of an iceberg, in which only the tip of the iceberg would be visible to views wjen observed from the mainland during high tide. However once the tide lowered, more and more of the structure would be revealed. As such I had thought of making the shape of a pyramidnSnot only to reflect the iceberg concept but also to create a solid structure in hopes of envoking feelings of Mass in the interior of the Pavillion for those in the pavillion.

The extra triangular elements separate from the concepticle were used to further add to the hiden aspect of the structure, and would be completely hidden during high tide to slowly be revealed once the tide lowered. As such the lower the tide the more of them would be visible to those on the mainland. The triangular structure would be in the shape of triangular prisms and the intention was for them to each reveal an artwork or an interesting aborinal artwork as more is revealed.

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Pavillion being slowly revealed as the water level lowers.

Entrance Development Development of underground entrance from the ground surface of the pavillion. The entrance was to be a located on the mainland of the island right next to the large hill south of the large picnic area, and was to be visble to those who visit while not being too overpowering in its presence. As such a simple geometric shape was thought of in order to serve as a passage from the island to the undergroud space of the floating pavillion.

The Tunnel connecting to the mainbody of the pavillion under water.

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Idea of placing skylights in the roof of the tunnel in order help provide limited lighting to ease peoples passage through the underground, as tunnel of the length required to connect the pavillion with the mainland would be dark and uninviting.

Public Toilets

Male, Female toliets

Entrance on the island main land.

Disabled toliets

West Elevation

The toilets are located not too far away from the pavilion entrance and share the same architecture language as it also possesses a very angular and geometric form. The toilets are hidden in the forested areas of the island as a way to not distract from the pavilion itself.

Plan

East Elevation

South Elevation

North Elevation 36

Design Development The feedback recieved from the tutor rotation brought up the sugguestion to use the geometric and angular structures from the previous point, line and plane as well as the ideas of playing on perpectives from the frame and infill task in order to better take advantage of the unique reflective qualities of the waters of the Yarra river.

In order to explore the ideas of using geometric shapes in my pavillion design, I had decided to draw some inspiration from the native australian river lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera). The choice of using a river flower was done as I had believed that only a river flower would be appropriate in the context of the site being located in the middle of the yarra river.

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Development Sketches Transforming the organic and curvaceous petal elements of the flower into a more geometric form into to assist in the development of the flower into the design of the pavillion.

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Development Sketches

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The Sundial Bridge by Santiago Calatrava,acts as a sundial casting a differring shadow depending on the time of the day. I saw my blade like pavillon structures would be able to explore this idea.

Sundial shadow casting

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PROGRESSION Through the study of precedents as well as looking back and gaining inspiration from my previous design tasks, Several changees were made to the original design presented in the concept. As the idea of having a pyramid in the middle of the Yarra wasn’t really appropriate for the typology of the island as well as the sugguestion from the tutor rotation to utilise the previous ideas explored in the previous point line and plane exercise.

PLAN 1:500 1. Plan view of the initial concept idea.

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2. First Implementation of the geometric blade like pavillion structures atop a circular “lily pad” platform.

3. Circular platform is altered in order to allow for a more unique experience for users both on the surface as well as underground.

4. Final design idea with differing surface structures in order to suit differing audiences and fulfilling different roles. One of the Pavillions remains the same in order fulfill the idea of being a sundial structure.

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3.0

Final design

1:100 43

West Elevation 1:500

North Elevation 1:500 44 East Elevation 1:500

1:1000

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East Elevation 1:500

ENTRAN CE

TOILETS

1:200 46

Functions The design features three separate smaller pavillion structures which are each designed to serve different roles. The structures are made from glass as this gives the pavillions the ability to blend into the sky and water as well allowing light to pass through and into the underground space below.

The first pavillion which is also the smallest of the three is the sundial pavillion. This pavillion possess only a single blade and can be used to cast a shadow on the platform depending on the time of day as well the position of the sun. This Pavillion is also contains a audio recording and is also designed as a small place for children to gather and play.

1:200 The Western Pavillion is the second largest of the three glass structures, and is designed for a small group of people, this pavillon lacks an audio player and serves as an ambient area to relax.

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1:200

The Southern Pavillion or the main pavillon is the largest of the three pavillions and is large enough for a family to gather, this pavillion is designed as a larger get togther space and can be a host to what ever activity the group insode desires.

1:200

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Secrets Revealed

8am High Tide 49

2pm Lowest Tide

4pm Tides increase covers platform

8pm High Tide 50

UNDERGROUND SPACE For the underground experience my goal was to create an experience similar to the one achieved in my previous mass drawing. The darkness evokes feelings of claustrophobia and a cold discomfort while the areas under the light bring about an air of confidence in the user. The access point to the pavilions above are through the series of spiral staircases which would be very bright and would help to entice anyone under ground. Ascending the stairs would empower people as it gives of the idea of ascending into the sky like walking up a stairway to heaven. This idea is also strongly enforced by the glass of the pavilions which blend in with the sky.

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The underground space is lit up using natural light from the glass pavillions on top. The circula r patterned skylight in the middle of the pavillions. The circular skylights in the middle create a pattern on the underground when tide is low. At hide tide the water washes over the platform dimming but not erasing the lights.

ABOVE GROUND

ON GROUND

Storage Space

UNDER GROUND

LIght Plan 1:200

Underground Plan 1:200

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“A room is not a room without natural light”.

-Louis Kahn

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4.0 Reflection Overall, Studio Earth was very interesting, insightful and above all enjoyable experience. From the very beginning, I felt like learning about the three principles was what really drove me forward in my learning experience, since after understanding those core concepts early on really allowed me to push myself in coming up with my final design.

Conducting precedent research was a fundamental part of my design process and learning through the semester. Precedents were not only inspiring, allowing me to broaden my horizons but they also really helped me when I stuck such as when ever I needed help understanding a particular concept.

Although tiring and stressful at times, I found the design process to be most engaging part of the studio, as it allowed me to explore the various different methods of presenting my work. While working through the design process I constantly found myself working with and discovering different design ideas, some useful and others not so, however in doing so I was taught important lessons in idea generation and how to progress ideas to the next step.

Feedback from my tutor and guest tutors was something that really helped me learn and progress in this studio. By providing valuable insight, they were fundamental in guiding me towards the direction I had ended taking and I had learn’t a lot from their comments alone. Furthermore I also found in class discussions with classmates and tutors alike to be very helpful, as I was not only able to receive feedback from the perspective of another student, but also provide them with my own comments.

Studio Earth really was first step into architecture and although the first step of the journey is always the hardest, it was worthwhile and look forward to the rest of the journey.

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5.0 Bibliography Ching, F (2007), Architecture: Form, Space, & Order. Third edition. New Jersey, United States of America: John Wiley & Sons.

Schielke, T. (2013). Light Matters: Louis Kahn and the Power of Shadow. Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/362554/light-matters-louiskahn-and-the-power-of-shadow

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