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UNIT I THE MACHINE
WHAT IS MACHINE? It is a device that helps you do your work quick and easy. Machines need human intervention in order to work.
Some machines are powered by hand, but most machines today are powered by electricity, or by fuels like gasoline and coal. Some of these electric-powered machines are called electronic machines.
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ACTIVITY 1 Color the machines that use electricity with BLUE, and those that do not need electricity with YELLOW.
UNIT II INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
WHAT IS COMPUTER? A computer is a machine that helps make man’s work fast and easy. It can do a lot of things for us. For example, we can add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers using computer. Computers are also used for drawings, creating invitation and greeting cards. It is also used for playing video games.
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COMPUTER NEEDS ELECTRICITY Computers are electronic machines that need electricity in order to function. Power cable is an electric cord connected at the back of the computer which you need to plug into the power outlet to let the electricity flow into the computer.
POWER SWITCH Powerswitch turns the power of the computer on or off. After plugging the power cable, this switch needs to be turned on. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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The power switch of the CPU is located on its front, while the power switch of the monitor may be located on its front or its sides. Electricity makes the computer system work. Remember, electricity will flow into the computer when the power cable is plugged into the power outlet and the power switch is turned ON.
To protect the computer system from power fluctuations, most computer owners use automatic voltage regulators or AVR. Many people use power surge protectors to protect their computers from sudden power surge. Some people use uninterrupted power supply or UPS to keep their computers powered for a few more minutes during interruptions.
COMPUTER CABLES Some machines have wires just like telephones.
Computers have wires known as cables. These cables are used to connect computer parts.
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INFORMATION CABLE These cables connect all computer parts that need to be accessed to the central processing unit.
They carry data or information from one computer part to another. They differ in size and shape.
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ACTIVITY 2 Color the information cables with BLUE and the power cables with YELLOW.
HOW THE COMPUTER WORKS Some parts of our body act as input, processing and output parts. The ears are used for hearing, the brain for thinking and the hand for writing. Our other senses also take in information for our brain to process.
The computer needs inputs, or instructions and data, to be able to perform its processing job. ďƒż Data – are text (letters, numbers and symbols or characters), images, sounds, and videos that are entered into the computer. It is also known as information. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Input – are data and instructions that are entered into the computer. Process – is what the computer do with the input. Output – is the result of processing the input. Output can be in the form of text, images, sounds or videos. The following illustrations demonstrate input-process-output.
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HOW TO START THE COMPUTER Connect the power cable to the electrical outlet. Turn on the power switches of the CPU and the monitor.
ACTIVITY 3 Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct words from the monitor.
Information Cable Power Cable electricity Computer cables
Data Process Output Input instructions
1. A computer has that connect computer parts. 2. are text, images, sounds and videos. 3. is the result of processing the input. 4. carry data or information from one computer part to another. 5. is an electronic device. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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6. is what you do with the input. 7. Computer needs in order to work. 8. The computer needs to get an output. 9. are data and instructions that are entered into the computer. 10. is an electric cord connected at the back of the computer which needs to be plugged into an electric outlet in order to let electricity flow into the computer.
THINGS A COMPUTER CAN DO 1) It can process data, extremely fast.
2) It can give back correct data or information processed if given with correct data or information.
3) It can store large information.
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4) It never gets tired or bored doing things over and over again.
5) It only do what it is told to do.
THINGS A COMPUTER CANNOT DO 1) 2) 3) 4)
It cannot correct wrong data or instructions. It cannot do creative thinking. It cannot produce creative ideas. It cannot do things it is not instructed to do so. It helps automate processes.
Characteristics of a computer:
It is an electronic machine. It is powered by electricity. It has memory. It can execute instructions and manipulate data.
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It performs logical operations.
ACTIVITY 4 Read the sentences carefully. Color the diskette with PINK if the sentence is correct and with GREEN if it is wrong. 1. Just like you, computer gets tired and bored. 2. It can give back correct processed data if given the correct data. 3. It has no memory. 4. It can correct wrong instructions. 5. It can execute instructions and manipulate data. 6. It can do anything even if no instruction is given. 7. It can store large information. 8. It can process data, extremely fast. 9. It is an electronic machine. 10. It helps automate processes.
USES OF COMPUTER Computers are used in hospitals. They are used for admitting patients, diagnosing diseases and maintaining medical histories. Computers are used in banks. They are used for bank transactions, for transferring of accounts, automated teller machines (ATMs), and for accounting transactions. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Computers are used in schools. They are used for learning activities such as doing assignments, making projects, and even for computing grades. Computers are used in department stores and supermarkets. They are used for getting the prices of goods and total amount of what were sold. They are also used for inventories.
COMPUTERS ARE USE FOR ENTERTAINMENT They are used in video game machines, sound system, and television sets.
COMPUTERS ARE USED IN COMMUNICATIONS Computers are used in mobile phone and radios. Personal computers are used for e-mailing, chatting and video-conferencing.
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ACTIVITY 5 Put a checkmark ( ) before each sentence that tells about the use of computer. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Computers are used by conductors when giving bus tickets. Computers are used to send mail to a friend who is in other country. Computers are used for listening to music. Computers are used in admitting patients in hospitals. Computers are useful in cooking delicious food. Computers are used for turning ON/OFF the lights. Computers are used for bank transactions. Computers are used for taking a bath. Computers are used for ticket reservations. Computers are used to diagnose diseases.
UNIT III PARTS OF THE COMPUTER A monitor is a television-like output device. It is the most-used output device of a computer system. The display provides instant feedback by showing you video, text, graphic images, as you work and play. Frames – encases the computer screen.
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Screen – is the part of the monitor where the output can be viewed.
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Power Switch – turns the power of the monitor on and off
Swivel Base – is where the monitor stands.
Function Buttons – used to adjust the appearance of the picture on the monitor.
ACTIVITY 6 Color the monitor and its parts.
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CPU CASE A CPU case houses the central processing unit or CPU. The CPU is the brain of the processing and operations of the computer. The CPU case also contains the motherboard where the CPU and other computer parts are installed.
Optical Disk Drive
Reset Button Power Button
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Descriptions of the visible parts of the CPU case. 1) Optical Disk Drive – is where optical disks are being inserted. 2) Light Emitting Diodes – are the lights that turn on or blink to indicate that devices are “ON” or working. 3) Power Button – turns ON/OFF the power of the computer. 4) Reset Button – is a switch which restarts the computer. 5) Casing – is used to protect the parts inside the CPU.
ACTIVITY 7 Matching Type. Match each visible part of the CPU case in column A with the corresponding function in column B. Write the answers on the space provided.
A 1. reset button
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B a.
turns ON/OFF the power of the computer Page 16
2. light emitting diodes
b.
restarts the computer
3. optical disc drive
c.
is used to protect the parts of the CPU
4. power button
d.
small lights blink when drives are working
5. casing
e.
where optical discs are being inserted
MOUSE A mouse is a common input device. It is used to move the pointer around the screen. It helps move the cursor from one point to another easily and quickly. It helps direct what operations the computer should do. It is also used for drawings.
Mouse Cable Net Scroll Wheel Left and Right Buttons Palm Rest
How the Mouse Works The pointer comes in different shapes. The mouse and the pointer work together.
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Place your hand over the mouse. Move the mouse gently. Push it around. As you move the mouse, the pointer on the screen also moves. When you roll or drag the mouse to the left, the pointer also moves to the left. The pointer follows any direction the mouse goes. The mouse helps a quick change of pointer location.
How to operate the mouse 1) Plug a Plug and Play mouse. 2) Put your hand over the mouse. 3) Put your index finger on or near the left mouse button, and your palm gently over the body of the mouse.
4) Gently move the mouse around the mousepad or table. As you do this, the pointer will also move around the monitor screen. 5) Choose or activate a program command by clicking the left button once, when the pointer is right on top of an icon or name. This is called clicking. 6) Move objects by pressing and holding the left button and then move the mouse to move the object. This is called dragging. 7) Double-click an icon on the desktop to activate a program. 8) Make a right-click on any icon or name on desktop or any program to choose other commands. This is called double clicking.
ACTIVITY 8
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KEYBOARD A keyboard us a device for entering information into a computer. It uses a set of keys resembling that of an ordinary typewriter, with additional keys for specialized functions.
The standard layout of letters, numbers and punctuation is known as QWERTY keyboard because the first six keys on the top row of alphabet keys spells QWERTY. Basically, a typical keyboard has four parts. TYPING KEYS – is the section of the keyboard that contains the letter keys, laid out in the same arrangement as that of common typewriters.
NUMERIC KEYPAD – is a set of keys which contains the number keys similar to that of a calculator, and the mathematical operation symbols, which are, + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division). YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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CURSOR-MOVEMENT KEYS – allow you to move a cursor around the screen. The cursor is the small blinking vertical line on the screen when you are using programs such as Word, Excel or PowerPoint. The cursor can be moved using the keys with left, right, up, and down arrows. The arrows keys on the numeric keypad can also be used if the Numlock is off.
FUNCTION KEYS – are the special function keys labeled F1 to F12. They are lined at the top of the keyboard.
What can other keys on the keyboard do?
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The spacebar key can make spaces before, between, or after words or other characters. The enter key is the key that you press to tell the computer, or to tell the computer the options that you chose. When doing word processing, pressing the enter key tells the computer to add or start a new line below the line you are working on. The backspace key erases the character on the left of the cursor. Use it to erase typing mistakes. The delete key erases the highlighted text or object that the pointer is on to. Use it to erase typing mistakes. When the control key and/or the alt key are/is pressed at the same time with another key, a different action or function will be executed by the computer. The capslock key is used to make all letters capital or uppercase letters. Pressing it once it turns it ON and pressing it again turns it OFF.
The escape key is usually used to close most programs. Press it to stop whatever you are doing.
The shift key lets you type capital letters or upper characters by pressing it together with the letter keys and other keys.
ACTIVITY 9 Label the parts of the keyboard. Color the numeric keypad with YELLOW, the typewriter area with PINK, the function keys with BLUE and the cursor keys with GREEN. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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UNIT IV How to Use the Keyboard Keys
Sitting Position When Typing
1. Sit erect, with your back resting on the chair’s back support. 2. Center body with the computer. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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3. Relax shoulders, let arms and elbows hang comfortably close to the body. 4. Place feet apart and braced firmly on the floor.
Do you want to type without looking at the keyboard? If so, study and learn the letter assignment for each finger.
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Home Keys Home keys are the keys where your fingers stay at rest when typing. These are the home keys:
How do you use the Home Keys?
1. Place the left pointer finger or left first finger on the F key. Can you feel the “mark” on this key? 2. Place the rest of the three fingers at the left of the left pointer finger on keys A, s and D to complete the A, S, D, F position. 3. Place the right pointer finger or right first finger on the J key. Cn you feel the “mark” on this key? 4. Place the rest of the three fingers at the right of the right pointer finger on keys K, L and ; to complete the J, K, L, ; position. 5. The left thumb is pulled close to the pointer finger. It is not usually used. 6. The right thumb must be placed on the spacebar. The right thumb is used to press the spacebar. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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ACTIVITY 10 Hands-On-Drill
Do the following: 1. Position your fingers. Use the spacebar after 3 characters 2. First fingers fff jjj fff jjj fff fff jjj fff jjj fff
jjj jjj
3. Second fingers ddd ddd
kkk kkk
ddd ddd
kkk kkk
ddd ddd
kkk kkk
4. Third fingers sss
lll
sss
lll
sss
lll
sss
lll
sss
lll
sss
lll
aaa aaa
;;; ;;;
aaa aaa
;;; ;;;
5. Fourth fingers aaa aaa
;;; ;;;
6. All fingers YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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asdf asdf
jkl; jkl;
asdf asdf
jkl; jkl;
asdf asdf
jkl; jkl;
How to Reach for G and H
From F, left first finger reaches for G, then back to F. From J, right first finger reaches for H, then back to J.
Reaching the Upper Keys
From F, left first finger reaches up for R, then back to F. From J, right first finger reaches up for U, then back to J.
From F, left first finger reaches up for T, then back to F. From J, right first finger reaches up for U, then back to J.
From D, left second finger reaches up for E, then back to D. From K, right second finger reaches up for I, then back to K.
From S, left third finger reaches up for W, then back to S. From L, right third finger reaches up for O, then back to L.
From A, left fourth finger reaches up for Q, then back to A. From ; , right fourth finger reaches up for P, then back to ;. Reaching the Lower Keys
From F, left first finger reaches down for V, then back to F. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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From J, right first finger reaches down to M, then back to J.
From F, left first finger reaches down for B, then back to F. From J, right first finger reaches down for N, then back to J.
From D, left second finger reaches down for C, then back to D. From K, right second finger reaches down to , (comma) , then back to K.
From S, left third finger reaches down for X, then back to S. From L, right third finger reaches down for . (period) , then back to L.
From A, left fourth finger reaches down for Z, then back to A. From ;, right fourth finger reaches down to / (slash), then back to ;.
ACTIVITY 11 Hands-On-Drill Enter the following using the keyboard.
1.
dad
dad
dad
dad
dad
2.
all
all
all
all
all
3.
lad
lad
lad
lad
lad
4.
sad
sad
sad
sad
sad
5.
ask
ask
ask
ask
ask
6.
bus
bus
bus
bus
bus
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7.
may
may
may
may
may
8.
fix
fix
fix
fix
fix
9.
bad
bad
bad
bad
bad
10.
ban
ban
ban
ban
ban
The SHIFT Key
Shift is used together with the typing keys on the keyboard. When it is pressed together with a letter key, you get a capital letter or upper case characters. For example: 1. Pressing
2. Pressing
will enter r.
+
will enter R.
Typing the Symbol Above Another Symbol on a Key
Some characters on the keyboard also need another key to display them on the screen. Look at the number keys below.
What will you do if you want to use the characters on the upper portion of the keys?
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If you hold down , and then press a number key, the symbol or character indicated above the number on that key will appear on the screen.
UNIT V Disk Drives and Computer Care
Optical Disk Drive An optical disk drive is another peripheral device which allows you to write to and read from optical disks.
An optical disk is a fairly simple piece of plastic about 4.75 inches in diameter. Optical disks, like CDs and DVDs, are high capacity storage devices. It may be a write-only disk, which means you cannot erase its content, or may be a rewritable disk, which means, you can save information on it or delete information from it.
With the improvements in technology, the prices of optical disk and optical disk drives have become very affordable now. This made optical disk very popular to computer users. The main difference between a diskette and an optical disk is the size of storage capacity. A CD alone can contain the equivalent of more than a hundred diskettes.
How to insert optical disks into the drive.
1. Press the eject button to open the drive. 2. Gently place the optical disk on the tray, making sure that the CD label is on topside. 3. Press the eject button again to close the drive. How to remove optical disks from the drive
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1. Make sure that the drive’s activity light or LED is off. 2. Press the eject button once to open the drive. 3. Pull out the optical disk and return it to its envelope or case. 4. Press the eject button again to close the drive. How to Handle Your Computer Properly 1. Always clean your computer and its surroundings. Use a clean dry rag. You may put ordinary alcohol on the rag. 2. Cover your computer with a piece of cloth when not in use to protect it from dust and dirt. 3. Avoid eating near the computer. 4. Do not place heavy objects on your computer. 5. Avoid exposing your computer to too much sunlight. Things that may Harm Your Computer 1. Dust and Dirt 2. Food particles and drinks 3. Too much heat 4. Bumping the computer ACTIVITY 12 Draw a smiling face if the sentence is correct and a sad face if the sentence is incorrect.
___1. Keep your computer clean. ___2. Expose your computer to too much sunlight. ___3. Eat while using the computer. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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___4. Use the computer parts, especially the keyboard, gently and carefully. ___5. Avoid putting heavy objects on your computer. ___6. Cover your computer with a piece of cloth when not in use. ___7. Too much heat or sunlight is helpful to the computer. ___8. Computers are useless. ___9. Dust and dirt may harm your computer. ___10. Bumping the computer is good.
UNIT VI Other Computer Devices
Printer A printer is an output device that prints text and graphics that you see on the monitor screen, on a sheet of paper or other printing media, such as transparency sheet and tarpaulin. The printed copy of your text and graphics is what you call a hardcopy.
Different text-and-graphics printers like dot matrix, inkjet, and laser printers can reproduce all manner of images on a paper, a cardboard, a cloth, a transparency sheet, tarpaulin and other media.
A trackball is a computer device that resembles the function of a mouse, except that, it is just stationary, instead of being rolled on a flat surface.
When the trackball is rotated by, the pointer on the screen will also move correspondingly. A joystick is a computer device used for playing video games. It is used to move an indicator on a monitor screen. The indicator is used to select one of a number of actions or instructions displayed as a menu on the screen. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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A modem is a device that connects a computer to the internet through a telephone line. The modem allows a computer to communicate with other computers. Modem stands for modulator- demodulator.
A flatbed scanner is a device that optically scans image, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and creates its digital image.
ACTIVITY 13
Draw a line to match the items in Column A with the items in Column B.
Column A
Column B
1. Keyboard
a. Contains the CPU or brain of the computer
2. Monitor
b. Displays the output of the computer
3. Printer
c. A small hand-held device used to move the pointer on the computer monitor screen
4. Mouse
d. A device used for printing a hardcopy of what you see on the monitor screen
5. CPU case
e. An input device with letter, number symbol keys
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UNIT VII Windows XP What is a Window? A window is a rectangular, on- screen frame where you can see the drawings you are making, or the text you are typing, or the games you playing.
Windows XP Windows XP is an improved operating system or set of programs that control the basic function of a computer. Unlike the earlier versions of Windows, Windows XP has more programs, more user-friendly, operates faster, and more stable. Performance is at an all-time high. It is very dependable.
Some Features of Windows XP Creates documents Draw objects Performs mathematical calculations Designed for music and video enjoyment Designed for accommodate different video games Browses the internet Parts of the Windows Desktop
Windows Desktop
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- refers to the main window of Windows which displays icons, dialog boxes, and where other windows appear. It is the first window that appears when you turn on your computer if you are using a Windows operating system. Page 33
Icons
- are the small graphics that represent programs.
Taskbar
- is the long bar located at the bottom of the screen where the Start button is located and where running program icons are displayed.
Start Button
- a virtual button at the bottom-left of the desktop; click the button to display the Start menu that contains the list of programs.
After using your computer, always turn it OFF properly.  Click the Start button.  Click Turn Off Computer and the Turn off computer dialogue box will appear. ACTIVITY 14 Box the word or words inside the parentheses being describe in each item.
1. Small graphics that represent programs.
(Icons, Desktop)
2. Displays the menu that contains list of programs.
(Taskbar, Start button)
3. The main window of Windows on which icons, dialog boxes appear and other windows appear.
(Desktop, Taskbar)
4. Located at the bottom of the screen where the Start button is located.
(Taskbar, Icons)
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5. Background of the Windows Desktop
(Screensaver, Desktop Background)
UNIT VIII Introduction to the Internet
What is the Internet? Internet is a global network of computers that communicate using a common language. It is simply called “NET.”
It is a computer-based information system. The internet is composed of many interconnected computer networks.
Through the internet, one can be able to: Send and receive electronic mails and text messages Share information, pictures, music, and games Exchange chat messages Watch movies How to start using the Internet: Click the Start button. Point to the icon of the Web browser installed in your computer and click it. The most commonly used internet browsers today are, the Internet Explorer and the Mozilla Firefox. Another way to access the Internet is by clicking the icon of the browser installed on desktop. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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UNIT IX Electronic Mail What is an Electronic Mail? Electronic Mail (E-mail)is one of the services offered by the Internet. It allows a computer to send and receive electronic mails to and from another computer. It is a fast and efficient way of communication.
E-mail address: Each e-mail user is allotted with an e-mail address. Each e-mail address should be unique, in order to distinguish a certain e-mail user from other e-mail user.
Example: gelonorona@yahoo.com Where: a. gelonorona is the username. The username can be your real name or it can be a variation of letters and numbers, or any name that identifies you. b. @ sign separates the name of the user and the domain name. c. yahoo.com is the domain name. The domain name is like an internet address.
List of Zonenames or Domains Zonename or Domain
Abbreviations
Commercial
com
educational
edu
Non-profit organizations
org
networks
net
government
gov
military
mil
international
int
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How to register for an e-mail account 1. On the Location Address bar, type the web address of the e-mail provider you want to register with. When the website is opens look for the Sign Up and click it. 2. Accomplish the registration form, then click Submit. 3. The e-mail provider will inform if you have successfully registered or not. How to activate the e-mail Step 1: Open the website of your e-mail provider. Then, open or go to the Sign In page by clicking the Mail button or the Sign In button. Step 2: Type the username and password Step 3: Click Sign In
Make sure that the username and password are typed correctly. Otherwise the e-mail would not open.
ACTIVITY 15 Read each incomplete sentence then fill-in the blanks afterwards.
1. ______________________is one of the services offered by the Internet that allows you to send and receive electronic mails to and from other computers. 2. The name of the user and the domain name is separated by _____________________ sign. 3. The __________________ is like an internet address. 4. An e-mail address contains ___________________and domain name. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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5. _____________________ is an example of domain name.
GLOSSARY Backspace - is a keyboard key used to erase the character on the left of the cursor. Capslock – a keyboard key which, when pressed with any letter key, will produce capital letters. Central Processing Unit – the brain of the computer. Click –refers to the act of pressing a mouse button. Optical Disc – a flat and round storage device which is 4.75 inches in diameter. Computer – an electronic device that performs computing task, including addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, and logical operations. Data – are letters, numbers and symbols that are entered into and are processed in the computer. Delete (Del) – is a keyboard key used to erase the highlighted characters or objects. Desktop – refers to the background of the screen on which windows, icons and dialog boxes appear. Diskdrive – a computer device where a storage disc, like a diskette or an optical discs. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Double –click – refers to theclicking of a mouse button twice. Drag – refers to the act of moving of the mouse along a flat surface. It also refers to the moving of an object or icon on windows. Electronic Mail (E-mail) – an electronic form of mail which can be sent and received from one computer to another through the internet. Enter – the key on the keyboard, which when pressed, tells the computer to execute he specified instruction by the user. This key is also being used to start a new line when using a word processor. Escape (Esc) – a keyboard key, which when pressed, closes or stops the program in use. Hardcopy – a printed copy of what you have done in the computer. Icons – refers to the small graphics that represent programs. Input – data and instructions that are entered into the computer. Internet – a global network of computers that communicate using common language. Joystick – an input device used for playing games. Keyboard – an input device used for entering information into the computer. Machine – a device that helps you do your work quick and easy. Modem – a device that connects a computer to the internet through a telephone line. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Monitor – a television- like output device. Mouse – an input device used to move the cursor or pointer around the monitor quickly and easily. Optical Disc Drive – a peripheral device that reads optical discs or writes an optical disc. Output – the result of processing the input. Printer – an output device that makes a hardcopy of from the computer using paper or other printing medium, text and graphics medium. Process – is the execution of operation on the inputs. Shift – the keyboard key used together with other letter keys to produce capital letters and uppercase characters. Spacebar – a keyboard key used to make spaces between numbers, and just empty spaces.
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