YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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UNIT 1 LEARN GRAMMAR AND USAGE SIMPLE SUBJECT AND SIMPLE PREDICATE A SENTENCE is a group of words which expresses a complete thought. The boys played football Everybody is present today. A sentence has two essential parts: subject and predicate. The subject of the sentence tells who or what does something. It is the part talked about. James sleeps early. Our new car is in the garage. The predicate of a sentence tells what the subject is or does. It talks about the subject. It is the verb part of the sentence. Grace studies ballet. Father brought us some presents from his trip. If a group of words does not express a complete thought, then it is not a sentence. It is called a non-sentence or a fragment. The boy inside the room
It has no verb or action word. It does not tell what the boy did.
Opened the package quickly
It has no subject. It does not tell who did the action.
The simple subject is a noun or pronoun. It is the main word in complete subject. The complete subject includes all the words in the entire subject. Complete subject- the kind teacher Simple subject- teacher YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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The simple predicate is the verb (single or with a helping verb) that shows action or being. The verb is a key word in the sentence. The complete predicate includes all the words in the entire predicate. Complete predicate- visited our relatives Simple predicate- visited Practice A. Among the following groups of words some are sentences and others not. On the answer line, write S if the group of words is a sentence, writeNS if not asentence. _____ 1. The largest town in Cebu _____ 2. Teachers are honorable people _____ 3. I can also run very fast _____ 4. Sad songs make me cry _____ 5. One of the tourist spots in the country _____ 6. You and your teammates _____ 7. It is raining again _____ 8. The car down the road _____ 9. He is funny _____ 10. Animals with feathers
B. Divide each sentence with a straight line to identify the complete subject and the complete predicate. Write S above the simple subject and P above the simple predicate. Example: Many families| raise pets. 1. Pets need special care. 2. Many children like to keep dogs and cats as pets. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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3. My sister, Beth sneezes around animals with fur. 4. Dad and my brother love big dogs. 5. Love birds are good pets too. 6. My cat likes fish with boiled rice. 7. Three black monkeys swing happily in the mango tree. 8. The white rabbit roams in the garden. 9. The bird cage is always clean. 10. Those goldfish are colorful and hardy. C. The following are complete subjects. Encircle the simple subject. 1. the steel box in the garage 2. my best friend in school 3. the stars in the bright sky 4. two farm boys 5. the gentle whalesharks in Palawan
D. The following are complete predicates. Underline the simple predicate. 1. met an accident 2. is big and heavy 3. hopped quickly back to its hole 4. enjoy a cruise 5. marveled at the scenic sights
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E. Underline the simple subject and encircle the simple predicate. 1. Tim accidentally hit hits thumb with a hammer. 2. Barbecue is delicious. 3. This thick book belongs to Ann. 4. Our family frequently goes on out- of- town trips. 5. The tourist guide met us at the airport.
EXTEND YOUR SKILLS Complete each sentence with either a subject or predicate. 1. Papayas and bananas _____________________. 2. ______________________ were my classmates last year. 3. ______________________ is my favorite food. 4. Today _________________________. 5. The generous boy ____________________________.
Read each group of words carefully. If it is a sentence, write S on the line before the number. If it is not a sentence, write NS and make it a sentence. Remember to capitalize the first word and end it with a punctuation mark. _______ 1. My cousin hopes to be a successful chef someday _______ 2. Walked slowly home from school _______ 3. There are many visitors in the party _______ 4. Takes care of two love birds _______ 5. A basket of fruits
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Lesson 2: Kinds of Sentences Use of Punctuation Marks There are four kinds of sentences according to use. 1. A declarative sentence tells or states a fact or condition. It ends with a period (.). 2. An interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark (?)> 3. An exclamatory sentence shows surprise or a strong feeling. It uses expressions that express strong feelings called interjections. It ends with an exclamation point (!). 4. An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It ends with a period (.). The subject is understood you, the person addressed. Practice A. Identify the four kinds of sentences. Write on the answer line D for declarative, Intfor interrogative, Imp for imperative, and E for exclamatory. Punctuate the sentences correctly.’ _______ 1. Watch out _______ 2. Is she your neighbor _______ 3. Don’t step on the grass _______ 4. That’s incredible _______ 5. Kindly write your full name _______ 6. What a terrible accident it was _______ 7. The mall closes at nine o’ clock in the evening _______ 8. How did you answer the question _______ 9. Take home this basket of fruits _______ 10. Hurry up
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B. Write a declarative sentence about each topic. Be sure to begin your sentence with a capital letter and end it with a period. (hero )
1. _______________________________
(holiday)
2. _______________________________
(Cartoon character)
3. _______________________________
(favorite place)
4. _______________________________
(family)
5. _______________________________
Write an imperative sentence that you may say in each setting. The sentence may either be a command or request. (swimming pool) 1. _________________________________ (restaurant) 2. _________________________________ (movie house)
3. _________________________________
(park)
4. _________________________________
(hospital)
5. _________________________________
C. Read each sentence, then identify if it is declarative or an imperative sentence. Put on the answer line a (ď ?) check if it is a declarative sentence, draw on the answer line a (ďƒł) star if it is an imperative sentence. _______ 1. Quiet please. _______ 2 Children must observe silence during tests. _______ 3. The test will start anytime now. _______ 4. Greg, close your book now. _______ 5. The day was hot and humid. _______ 6.The played all day. ________ 7. Come early tomorrow. ________ 8. Mark is seldom late. ________ 9. Don plays the guitar. ________ 10. Kindly speak louder. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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D. Identify if each item is an exclamatory or interrogative sentence and punctuate it correctly. Put on the answer line aď‚ if it is an exclamatory sentence and ďƒ? if it is an interrogative sentence. ________ 1. How amazing is that man ________ 2. What is the score ________ 3. How can I reach school on time ________ 4. What a marvelous movie this is ________ 5. Why are you in a hurry ________ 6. Hurray We won ________ 7. Are you coming ________ 8. Does he help you ________ 9. Where are the guests ________ 10. My, what a beautiful painting he bought EXTEND YOUR SKILLS TRANSFORMING SENTENCES Transform each sentence from a declarative sentence to an interrogative sentence to a declarative sentence. 1. Steve is coming with us. ________________________________________________________ 2. Is today your birthday? ________________________________________________________ 3. We shall ride the school bus. _________________________________________________________ 4. I shall reserve this seat for you. _________________________________________________________
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5. Is Carl sitting beside you? _________________________________________________________ Write an interrogative sentence that can be answered by the sentence below. Put a question mark after each question. 1. Q: _____________________________________________________ A. He is Charles Torres, the famous director. 2. Q: _____________________________________________________ A: Our team was declared the champion. 3. Q: _____________________________________________________ A. No, I don’t play the piano. 4. Q: _____________________________________________________ A: I am sorry, but I don’t remember. 5. Q: _____________________________________________________ A: I don’t feel well.
Lesson 3: Compound Subject and Compound Predicate 1. A simple sentence has a compound subject when there are two or more persons, things, or ideas being talked about. They are usually joined by the connective or conjunction and. 2. A simple sentence has a compound predicate, when there are two or more actions that tell about the subject. They are also joined by the conjunction and. PRACTICE A. Read each complete subject below. Write SS for a simple subject and CS for a compound subject. ______ 1. Mother bear and her cubs ______ 2. An excellent hunter YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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_______ 3. Twigs, branches, and dry leaves _______ 4. Wild wolves and coyotes in the jungle _______ 5. An African leopard Read each complete predicate below. Write SP for a simple predicate and CP for a compound predicate. _______ 1.eat ripe fruits like bananas, pineapples, and berries _______ 2. Climbs up a tree and watches for a victim _______ 3. Slowly flies and swoops downon its prey _______ 4. Clings to its mother with its teeth _______ 5. Live in caves and other dark places B. Combine the sentences into one sentence with compound subjects or compound predicates. 1. Cris reads books about adventure. Carl also reads books about adventure. ________________________________________________________ 2. Lisa likes singing. Lisa practices for a singing contest. ________________________________________________________ 3. Mother joined the bazaar. Mother sold her popular butter cookies. ________________________________________________________ 4. Dad planted vegetables in our backyard. Uncle Sam also planted vegetables with Father. ________________________________________________________
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5. Our teacher left school early. Our teacher visited one of our classmates in the hospital. ________________________________________________________ 6. Uncle Ted was born in Palawan. Uncle Ted lived in a wonderful resort there. ________________________________________________________ 7. We must clean our surroundings. We must keep our community clean. _______________________________________________________ 8. Children must do their assignments early. They must sleep early too. ________________________________________________________ 9. Crocodiles eat only meat. Hawks also eat only meat. ________________________________________________________ 10. Our class will go to the museum next week. Science club members will go there also. ________________________________________________________ C. Identify the underlined words. Write on the answer lines for simple subject, SP for simple predicate, CS for compound subject, and CP for compound predicate. ______ 1. My room looks clean and neat. ______ 2.Our store in the market has been closed for a week. ______ 3.My cousins and I plan a party for Grandmother. ______ 4. The baby boy crawled out of bed and hid behind the shelf. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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______ 5. Oranges, bananas, and avocadoes grow in our backyard. ______ 6.Kay and her friends usually walk home with our teacher. ______ 7. The cook scrubbed all the dirty pots and kept them in the cabinet. _____ 8. The fence around our house has a new coat of paint. _____ 9.The football team is playing tonight. _____ 10.Tony and his fellow scouts had a quick shower.
EXTEND YOUR SKILLS Write on the blank a compound subject to complete each sentence. 1. _______________________________ walked to the park in therain. 2. _______________________________are glad to see all of us. 3. _______________________________must work together and submit the project on time. 4. _______________________________are finally going home to the province. 5. _______________________________make good pets. Write on the blank a compound predicate to complete each sentence. 1. Paula and Miles _________________________________. 2. The stranger ____________________________________. 3. In school, James and Ted __________________________________. 4. The strong wind __________________________________________. 5. A funny story ____________________________________________.
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Lesson 4 Compound Sentences A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences put together. They are joined by a comma, and a coordinating conjunction like and but, or, nor, for, so, and yet. PRACTICE A. Read each sentence carefully. Write on the line before the number SS if it is a simple sentence and CS if it is a compound sentence. ________ 1. We sell biscuits, canned goods, and fruit juices in our store. ________ 2. The store is small, but it has many customers. ________ 3. Will you go to the mall, or will you join us for lunch? ________ 4.Dennis or James will be with us. ________ 5. Dad loves to exercise, so he looks very fit. ________ 6.My uncle and aunt also exercise with him. ________ 7. I ran for the bus, but I missed it. ________ 8. My classmates and I always take the bus. ________ 9.Danica sings and dances very gracefully. ________ 10. She will perform in a party, so she needs a new dress. B. Combine the simple sentences to make a compound sentence. Use coordinating conjunctions like and but, or, nor, so, conjunctive adverb for. 1. I need my eyeglasses. The teacher has given us a story to read. ________________________________________________________ 2. I have looked everywhere. I could not find my eyeglasses. _______________________________________________________ YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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3. Maybe, I left it at home. Maybe, I left it in the school bus. _______________________________________________________ 4. I shall try to look for it again in my bag. I shall carefully go over my books and notebooks. _______________________________________________________ 5. I called my mother earlier. Maybe, she would have found it already. _______________________________________________________
EXTEND YOUR SKILLS Read the paragraphs. Underline the compound sentences.
A whale lives in water and it looks like a fish. But do you know that whales are not fish? They are mammals and they feed their young with milk. They have layers of fat beneath their skin, and these are called blubbers. These blubbers keep the whales warm in chilly waters. They must breathe air, so they rise to water surface.
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A sheep is a cud- chewing mammal. It is related to the goat, but it does not have a beard. The sheep is very useful animal. The meat from the sheep can be eaten and it can be cooked like any other meat. It is called mutton. The sheep is regularly sheared for its wool. And this is made into a clothing material.
LESSON 5: NOUNS COMMON NOUNS AND PROPER NOUNS CONCRETE AND ABSTRACT NOUNS COUNT AND MASS NOUNS 1. Nouns name of persons, places, things, ideas, or events. Ex. scientist, market, ruler, love, Rizal Day 2. The different kinds of nouns are as follows: a. Common nouns name any of a class of persons, places, things, events or ideas. Ex. cook, room, bag, celebration, sadness b. Proper nouns name particular persons, places, things, events or ideas. Ex. Atty. Tan, Bicol, Corn Kurls, Thanksgiving Day c. Concrete nouns can be seen or touched. Ex. Wall, palace, marbles, picture d. Abstract nouns cannot be seen or touched. Ex. Anger, kindness, joy, bravery
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e. Count nouns can be counted. Ex. Toys, oranges, mugs, rings f. Mass nouns cannot be counted. Ex. Salt, vinegar, sauce, sugar
PRACTICE a. Underline all the nouns in the sentences. Identify each noun by writing person, place, thing, or idea over it. 1. Our family lives in an old house down the street. 2. My aunt and her family just moved to a new townhouse near the park. 3. Kay and I shall meet at the Luneta and sit on one of the benches. 4. We would munch Crispy Crackers. 5. The children are full of happiness while playing on the slide swing.
B. Read each sentence carefully. Underline the common nouns. For each proper noun, encircle the letter that should be capitalized. 1. The malacaĂąang palace is where the president of our country lives. 2. We filipinos celebrate indepence day every june 12. 3. On Saturday, the torres and tan families will hold a reunion. 4. Do you know that Asian pacific airlines have two flights daily to baguio? 5. My brother, dan, has always wanted to become a pilot and travel in asia.
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Write C for concrete nouns and Afor abstract nouns on the answer lines. _____ 1.hope
_____ 6.kindness
_____ 2.porch
_____ 7.tourist
_____ 3.friendship
_____ 8.sprinkler
_____ 4.Loyalty
_____ 9. simplicity
_____ 5.Wedding
_____ 10. Letter
D. Write C for count nouns and M for mass nouns on the answer lines. _____ 1.Sugar
_____ 6.pages
_____ 2.trinkets
_____ 7.oil
_____ 3.circles
_____ 8. Corn chips
_____ 4.rice
_____ 9.gas
_____ 5.Water
_____ 10. Sand
EXTEND YOUR SKILLS Complete each of the sentences with the correct. You may choose from the words in the box. Then, write above the noun its kind. C-common, P- proper, M- mass, Cn- concrete, A- abstract Night Glasses Salt
championship grandmother milk
Michelle players school
wind letter vinegar
1. The football ___________ in our __________ hope to win the ___________. 2. ______________ is writing a _________ to her _______________ now. 3. I could not sleep last _____________ because the _______________ was blowing very hard. 4. Jane drinks two ______________ of ______________ every day. 5. Mary loves to eat prawn with ____________ and _______________.
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Lesson 6: COLLECTIVE AND COMPOUND NOUNS ï‚· SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORMS OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR NOUNS 1. A collective noun names a group or collection of persons, animals, or things. Examples: pack, team, choir, flock 2. Number is a property or characteristic of nouns. 3. A noun has two numbers: (singular meaning one, and plural meaning more than one. PRACTICE A. Encircle the letter of the correct plural form of the noun. 1. dish
2. Roof
3.Button
4.deer
a. dishs
a. roofes
a. buttones
a. deers
b. dishes
a. roves
b. buttons
b. deeres
c. dishies
c. roofs
c. buttons
c. deer
5. valley
6. Tomato
7.Shela.
a. Valleys
a. tomatos
a. shelfs
b. vallies
b. tomatois
b. shelfes
c. valleys
c. tomatoes c. shelves
8. thief
9. Alley
10. Party
a. thievs
a. allies
a. parties
b. thieves
b. alleys
b. partys
c. thiefs
c. alleyes
c. partyes
B. Underline the correct plural form of each of the nouns on the first column. 1. tooth
toothes
tooths
2. ox
oxes
oxen
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3. sheep
sheeps
sheepes
sheep
4. goose
gooses
geeses
geese
5. cupful
cupsful
cupfuls
cupsfuls
C. Complete the sentences with the plural form of the words inside the box. Man foot tooth potato mouse 1. ___________________ wear barong tagalog on special occasions. 2. I walk on my two _______________. 3. We bite and chew food with our __________________. 4. The cats ran after the _____________________. 5. Mia adds boiled _________________ in her salad dish.
D. Compound nouns: Write the plural form of the following compound nouns. 1. son- in- law
_____________________
2. maid- of- honor
____________________
3. lady- in- waiting 4. mother- in- law
___________________ ____________________
5. hanger- on
____________________
E. Study each sentence. Some nouns are in their plural form. Encircle the noun with the correct plural form and cross out the incorrect ones. Then, write the correct form above this filled with several glasses, dishen, cupes, and platese word. 1. All the houses in our village have porchs and bushes around them. 2. Many mans and womans nowadays have two childs. 3. The kitchen sink is filled with several glasses, dishen, cupes, and plates. 4. All the sandwichs have slices of tomatos, cucumbers, and onions. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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5. Bakerys in citys are full of boxes of pastrys, cookies, and loafs of raisin bread. 6. Moose and deer are found in the forest. 7. A hundred crates of canned salmons were brought to the village on a cart pulled by two oxes.
Lesson 7: SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS IN THE POSSESSIVE FORM Nouns in possessive form may be written in different ways. We add an apostrophe (‘) and s (‘s) for singular common and proper nouns. We also add an apostrophe (“) and s (‘s) for plural common nouns that do not end in s. We add an apostrophe (‘) and s (‘s) for singular common and proper nouns that end in s, x, and z. We add an apostrophe (‘) for plural common and proper nouns that end in s. We use the of- phrase for inanimate objects to show possession.
PRACTICE A. Write the nouns in the possessive form correctly. 1. thedaughter of the principal
_______________________
2. the uniforms of the firemen
_______________________
3. the antlers of the deer
_______________________
4. the pen of Jess
_______________________
5. grades of the children
_______________________
6. pages of the notebook
_______________________
7. the car of the Sisons YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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8. voice of the actress
_______________________
9. gift of the teacher
_______________________
10. son of the player
_______________________
B. Write the letter of the correct noun in the possessive form on the line before the number. ______ 1. The father of the boy
a. the boy’s father b. the boys’ father
______2.the parents of the scouts
a. the scouts’ parents b. the scout’s parents
______3.the legs of the chair
a. the chair’s legs b. tha chairs’ legs
______4.the resort of the Rocesses
a. the Rocesses’ resort b. the Roces’ resort
______5.the skin of the ox
a. the oxs’ skin b. the ox’s skin
______6.the building of Bess
a. bess’s building b. Besses’ building
______7.the thimble of the seamstress
a. the seamstress’s thimble b. the seamstresses’ thimble
______8.the cover of the glass
a. the glass’s cover b. the cover of the glass
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C. Put a check before the correct noun in the possessive form. _________ 1.Ox’ feet
_________ 6. Principal’s meeting
_________ 2.Geralds’ jeep
_________ 7. Tess’s house
_________ 3.room’s color
_________ 8.Gonzalezes’ bakery
_________ 4.dentists’ patients _________ 9. Teacher’s table _________ 5.women’s blouses _________ 10. Stewardess’ uniform EXTEND YOUR SKILLS Rewrite each sentence using the correct possessive form of the underlined words. 1. The toy of the child was broken. ________________________________________________________ 2. The party of Maritess was a success. ________________________________________________________ 3. All pet cats of Mely are well taken care of. ________________________________________________________ 4. Angelina is the favorite singer of the people in our town. ________________________________________________________ 5. I am glad to meet the grandson of Mrs. Diaz. ________________________________________________________ 6. The pen of Rex got lost. ________________________________________________________ 7. We gave the invitation to the parents of the students. ________________________________________________________ 8. Please return the mop of the janitress. ________________________________________________________ YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Lesson 8: Gender of Nouns Nouns have gender. Masculine gender refers to males Uncle, son, rooster Feminine gender refers to females Mother, aunt, hen Common gender refers to male or female Principal, artist, scout Neuter gender refers to nonliving things Ring, sky, top Study the chart belos. Masculine Tailor Uncle Janitor Nephew Waiter Prince Gander Bull
Feminine Seamstress Aunt Janitress Niece waitress Princess Goose cow
Masculine Steward Son Groom Brother King Duke Cock Lion
Feminine Stewardess Daughter Bride Sister Queen Duchess Hen lioness
PRACTICE A. Identify the gender of the nouns. Write M for Masculine, F for feminine, C for common, and N for neuter. ______ 1.President Manuel Quezon
______6. Tractor
______2.cousin
______7. Contestant
______3.duke
______8. Tigress
______4.niece
______9. Pilot
______5.police officer
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______10. Ms. Maita Solis
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B. Write the opposite gender of the following nouns. 1. groom
____________________
2. grandmother
____________________
3. prince
____________________
4. daughter
____________________
5. hen
____________________
6. niece
____________________
7. duchess
____________________
8. stewardess
____________________
9. janitor
____________________
10. goose
____________________
C. Identify the person/ animal referred to. 1. mother of your mother
____________________
2. wife of the king
____________________
3. male flight attendant
____________________
4. female police officer
____________________
5. husband of the dutchess
____________________
6. female chicken
____________________
7. wife-to-be of the groom
____________________
8. female tiger
____________________
9. male who acts
____________________
10. brother of your father
____________________
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EXTEND YOUR SKILLS Write the opposite gender of the underlined noun/ pronoun in the sentence, on the answer line below it. Then, read each sentence aloud to make sure that is correct. 1. The bride arrived early at the wedding place. ______ 2. She was accompanied by her maid of honor. ______
____ ___________
3. Her sisters wore very nice clothes. ____ _____ 4. Herfather walked with her. ____ ____ 5. The ladies happily surrounded her _____
___
6. Her niece sang during the ceremony. _______ 7. The prince arrived at the cathedral for his coronation. _____
___
8. He wore formal black attire with his glittering accessories. ___
___
9. Hisson, the young prince walked before him in procession. ____ ____
_____
____
10. Hisgrandmother, the Queen, smiled lovingly at hergrandson. ___ __________
_____
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UNIT II: A HELPING HAND Vocabulary Words: clump- a thick of grouping quivering- shaking slightly and quickly chuckled- laughed quietly or softly drifted- moved/ floated smoothly or effortlessly subsided- sank to a lower or normal level timidly- shyly
Lesson 9: Let Us Go With The Flow! Can helping others earn you friends? “Aaaaahhh…… Kiko, the Cat, exclaimed contentedly as he lay down on the soft green grass right beside the river. He moved closer to the cool waters and let his back catch the late afternoon rays of the sun. He was almost asleep when he felt an unexpected gush of cold water. All of a sudden, he was coughing and struggling to breathe. He was no longer on the bank of the river but in the river itself! Kiko tried to go back on land, but it was useless. Faster and faster, he was carried away from land. Oh no! I should not have stayed too close to the river! He told himself as he struggled to keep his head above water. In the middle of the river, he found a rock and clung onto it for dear life. “Nice day for a swim!” said a cheerful voice, and Kiko looked over his shoulder to find a green creature asked. “I’m t-t-t-t-t-t-rying hard not t-t-t-t-o drown,” Kiko replied, shivering from the cold.” I don’t know how to swim.” Why don’t you hop onto my back? The river’s my home, and I am very good swimmer.” “Oh! T-T-T-Thank you!”Kiko replied, relieved. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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“The rains have been strong upriver, so the river is flooded again. For now, since the current is too strong, we shall just follow the river course. We shall go with its flow!” offered the green creature.”My name is BadongPagong. By the way, you can just call me Badong.” “And I am Kiko!” he responded while climbing onto Badong’s hard turtle shell. The two animals drifted for some time and came alongside a floating log. “What is that?!” cried Badong, pointing at the log. “There is something on that log! It is brown, and it looks soft and feathery. Let us take a closer look.” Badong swam closer, and as soon as they were side by side with the log, Kiko stared at the feathery brown thing. What was it? It is a bird! Badong exclaimed. “The poor creature looks battered and tired.” At the sound of Badong’s voice, the little bird opened her eyes and spoke softly. “Pleeasee help me…. I can barely move my wings, and this log is not safe for a tiny creature like me. Badonganswered.”You can climb on Kiko’s back until we find a safe place. Let us go along with the riverflow!” Kiko reached across, carefully scooped the tiny bird, and placed her on his furry back. Before the little bird fell asleep, she tiredly murmured. “Thank you very much. My name is Ana, and I am a Maya.” “You are most welcome. I’m Kiko, and he’s Badong,” Kiko responded hurriedly. He placed his furry paw near his whisked mouth to signal Badong to be quiet. Ana needed to rest. Badong was not quiet for long though, for only after a few minutes, he shouted,”Do you see that?!” He was pointing at a clump of grass flowing right past them. The blades of grass were quivering in the wind, and on the tip of one blade, there was a tiny creature. “Huuuuoouuuaaaa!” Ana yawned a contented long yawn. “What is it?” she asked.
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“Look at the clump of grass in front of us. There is something there!” Badong yelled excitedly, already paddling closer and closer. “Hmmm… It is red with black circles all over it. What beautiful colors!”Kiko said. “The little creature looks tired.” Ana observed. “Of course, I am tired!” the tiny red and black insect responded. “Have you ever tried holding onto a blade of grass that keeps on moving around? You get very dizzy.” The three of them stared at the tiny creature. “Well, do not just stare; help me!” she commanded. It was Badong who answered first. “You can perch on Ana’s back until we find safe place.” Ana, the Maya, gently plucked the ladybug from the grass and place her feathered back. “Thank you,” the ladybug said. “My name is Ella, it means “beautiful” which, by the way, is quiete suitable to my pretty red and black colors. Ana chuckled. “yes, they are pretty indeed! Well, my name is Ana.” I’mKiko!” And I’m BadongPagong He glanced at the river up and down, and said the current is still strong, so we shall just follow, the river source. We shall go along with the flow!” Thus the four creatures drifted down the river the rest of the day. Little by little the water subsided, and Badong was able to swim to the bank. They were all tired, especially Badong, but they were safe. They slept soundly all through the night. The next day, Ella told Badong.”Thank you once again for your help. I must go now, but if you have time, drop by my garden for some rest.” Off the ladybug flew.” “I have to go, if you are not busy, you can drop by my mango tree some time and listen to my songs. Ana, the Maya, timidly told Badong, then off she went.
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Badong looked at Kiko and said, I suppose you will leave too. Kiko, however smiled and said. If you do not mind, I would like to stay with you for a little while. I have stayed in one place all my life, and I am sure I would love your stories about the places you have visited. Badong’s eyes lit up, and he exclaimed. Better yet, I shall take you to those places. We shall follow the river course. We shall go along with the flow.
How will did you read? 1. Why were Kiko, Ana, and Ella in trouble?
2. How did Kiko, Ana and Ella intend to repay Badong for all his help?
3. Why did Badong urge the other creatures to just follow the river and go with the flow?
4. Based on the story, what rewards could a person get by helping others?
Choose the correct meaning of each underlined word in terms of its use in the sentence and your understanding of the other words in the sentence. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line before each number. __________ 1. Even if I am not rich, I am still content because I have my family and friends with me. a. not wanting more; satisfied b. wanting to gain or earn more _________ 2. It was such a downpour that the streets and the rivers flooded. a. light fall of rain showers b. heavy fall rain YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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_________ 3. I could not understand what he was saying because he was murmuring. a. speaking in a low, unclear voice b. speaking in a loud voice. ________ 4. They were all very tired, so they slept soundly that night. a. restlessly and nervously b. deeply and peacefully ________ 5. Because of the strong rains, all of the small trees and houses were submerged in the flood. a. splashed with water b. covered with water ________ 6. She was walking in the cold rain without an umbrella, and she started to shiver. a. shake or tremble b. run and cry The following questions are about the story, “Let Us Go With The Flow!�. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line before each number. _______ 1. Why did the river overflow? a. There was a storm. b. There was a heavy rain. ______ 2. Why did Kiko cling to the rock in the middle of the river? a. He was afraid he would drown. b. He ;liked staying on rocks. ______ 3. Unlike Kiko, why was it easy for BadongPagong to stay in the river? a. Badong practiced his swimming every day. b. As a turtle, Badong could swim well. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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______ 4. Why did Ana the Maya fall asleep as soon she was placed on Kiko’s back? a. Kiko’s back was comfortable. b. She was very tired. ______ 5. Where was Ella found a rescued? a. She was found in a clump of grass. b. She was found in a clump of coil. ______ 6. Why did Badong, Kiko, and Ana think that Ella was a beautiful? a. Her colors were pretty. b. She had a pretty face. ______ 7. How were the four animals finally able to reach the safety of land? a. Badong swam really hard. b. The river subsided. _______ 8. Why did the animals stay with Badong AS soon as they reach the land? a. They were too tired to fly and walk away. b. They were scared of the night. _______ 9. The next day why did Kiko wish to stay with Badong? a. He wanted to travel with Badong. b. He did not have his own home. _______ 10. How did Badong react to KIko’s request to stay with Badong? a. Badong was unsure. b. Badong was happy.
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Identifying the main idea The details that you have read all support a big idea, and it is called the main idea. The table below contains supporting details (2nd column) and main ideas (3rd column). Identify the main idea that the pair of details support. Write the letter of your answer in the first column. Answer
Supporting Details 1. She taught she was very beautiful. She commanded other animals to help her.
Main Idea a. The river current was strong.
2. He fell in the river.He could not swim. 3. He swam closer to look at the bird on the log.He b. Maya was a gentle paddled near the clump of grass to see the lady bug. creature 4. She carefully plucked Bella from the grass. She spoke softly.
c. Kiko was in a big trouble.
5. It carried away Kiki, Ana, and Ella.Even Badong d. Ella was proud. could not swim against the current. e. Badong was a curious animal. Study Skill Arranging Words Alphabetically The following are the list of words. Arrange each set of words alphabetically, based on their first letters. Example: tree river flower grass Answer: flower grass river tree 1. soft beautiful cool tired ________________________________________________________
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2. cat turtle bird ladybug ________________________________________________________ 3. shell feathers wings coat _________________________________________________________ 4. swim paddle fly dive _________________________________________________________ 5. green black red yellow _________________________________________________________
Analyzing and Restating Information Shared by Others Do you have a pet? If none, is there a particular animal you like? Spend time to think about this animal. Use statements in the box below in the given example as your guide. Give ONE (1) particular reason why you like this animal.Make sure that you explain your reason well.
My favorite pet/ animal is a dog I like this pet animal because she is brave. He/Sheis brave because: 1. She defends her puppies from other dogs. 2. she fearlessly guards the house, 3. she walks with me to school.
Look for a partner and share your answers with him or her. Listen carefully to what your partner is saying, for after the sharing, you will tell in front of the class what your partner has shared. Make sure that you are able to include the main idea and the supporting details of what he/she has said.
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Using Simple Charts, Graphs, and Diagrams.Empathizing with Characters. Recall KIko, Ana, And Ella who were in a difficult situation. What was their problem? What enabled them to escape their difficult situation? Similarly, we encounter difficulties in our everyday life, especially in our studies. Make a survey among classmates and find out which subjects they consider the most difficult. Organize the gathered information in a simple table or chart showing the difficult subjects and the number of people who have difficulty in that subject Show and explain your chart to the class, and afterwards, brainstorm in possible solutions to the problem. What can be done to help the students who have difficulty in the different subjects? Write your suggestions on the board and choose the most effective solutions. Interpreting Information can be organized through diagrams, charts, and graphs to help the reader understand better. Later, your teacher will be reading the simple chart below. It shows how much a person can spend on a cat if he/she intends to give all the care necessary to his/her pet. While your teacher is reading, take down all the information he/she is saying and organize those in a table. Now close your books and listen to your teacher carefully.
Cat Ownership Costs for One Year Cat Needs Vaccines Veterinary Care Food Total
Amount (in Php) 2,000 3,000 7,000 12,000
1. Is your table similar to the one above? If it is different, can your details still be clearly understood? 2. On what cat need do you spend the most? Why do you think is it the most expensive? 3. Which one is the cheapest? Why do you think so?
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Identifying Short Vowel Sounds Recall the short vowel sounds you have learned in Unit I. Let us review them. The underlined letters in the following words represent the short sounds. With the help of your teacher, read each word correctly before proceeding to the activity. Short Vowel Sounds a e i o u Apple Egg Fit Dog Hunt ant nest pin top bus Make the necessary combination vowel and consonants sound to create the correct word for each picture below. Write your answers on the lines provided.
4. 1. 2. j+a+m= __________ l+e+g= _________ 6.
3. b+u+g+ ________ 7.
5. l+i+p= _________
h+a+t= _________
d+o+g= _______
9.
10.
11.
12.
p+u+p= ________
p+e+n= ______
k+i+d= _______
b+e+d= ________
S+o+n= ________ 8.
s+u+n+ ________
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LEARN GRAMMAR AND USAGE Personal Pronouns Personal Pronouns represent specific people, places, things or ideas. Some of the bases for your use of the personal pronouns and number (singular/plural) and the gender (male/female) of the nouns in the sentence. Let us look of the following examples. Here a personal pronoun is used as subject of the second sentence in each set. A. Karen went home. She was sick. (Karen is singular and female) B. Mr. Santos left the room. He had to talk to a teacher. (Mr. Santosis singular and male) The girls woke up early so that they could exercise. The boys woke up later since they slept late. (Both the girls and the boys are plural in number. In such cases when noun is in plural, the distinction for gender is no longer needed. The personal pronoun theyhas been used to refer to both girls and boys.) Read aloud the following sentences. In the second sentence of each set the personal pronoun is used as object or receiver of the action. A. Father helped Jon. Father helped him. B. Aunt Liza kissed Tanya. Aunt Liza kissed her. C. Rene thanked the children. Rene thanked him.
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Personal pronouns have three personsand two numbers.
First Person Second Person Third Person
Subject I You
SINGULAR Object Me You
He, She, It
Him, her, it
PLURAL Subject Object We Us You You they
them
Personal Pronouns replace nouns that name people, places, things, or ideas. Their use depends on the gender and number of the nouns in the sentence. A. Encircle the personal pronouns in the sentences below. Some sentences is more than one personal pronoun. 1. Ramon is hoping he will receive a present. 2. They told us that we were late. 3. It is a sunny day! 4. The dog is restless since it wants to go out of the house. 5. I love fables. I enjoy reading them. 6. I threw the stick and Blackie ran after it. 7. Maria said she was not going to the party. 8. I already scolded him for not sleeping early. 9. Badong saved all of them. 10. Do not tell me that you have already eaten dinner! B. Complete the following sentences by using the correct pronouns. It is guided by the given word in close of the parenthesis after each sentence. Write your answers on the blanks. Example: ________ often sleeps early (Dan) Answer: He often sleeps early. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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1. _______ is playing soccer. (Carlo) 2. _______ is made up of thousands of islands. (Philippines) 3. _______ are on strike. (Workers) 4. _______ is growling. (Dog) 5. It is now up to _________ to choose the class president. (pupils) 6.________ has a new brother! (Carla) 7. You cannot talk to _________ (Mrs. Santillan) 8. _________ are already under the tree. (presents) 9. Noisy students make ________ angry. (Mr. De Leon) 10. I could not control _________. (puppies)
Spell Correctly Irregular Verbs A. Irregular words have letters that do not make their usual sounds. The following are some examples. Listen carefully as your teacher read each word correctly. friend their
many beautiful
come often
could hear
young people early enough said
B. Memorize the spelling of the word in the list by following these steps. Say, Spell, Write, Check. C. Choose the correctly spelled irregular word. Write your answer on the line before each number. ________ 1.
a. their
b theer
________ 2.
a. cood
b. could
________ 3.
a.people
b. people
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________ 4.
a. enough
b. enogh
________ 5.
a. sad
b. said
________ 6.
a. often
b. ofen
________ 7.
a. young
b. young
________ 8.
a. erly
b. early
________ 9
a.heart
b.hert
________ 10.
a. baeutiful
b. beautiful
LESSON 10 My Magical Mom In this life, we cannot do great things. We can only do small things with great love - Mother Teresa My name is Nena and this is the story of how I discovered I also had magic. It all started with a day like any other day. Dad, Kuya, Ate, and I woke up early to find that Mom had already worked her magic. Dad’s pleasantsmelling coffee was on the table. Ate’s and Kuya’sbaon and their bottles of water were in their lunch boxes. Their school uniforms were neatly irons. Mom stood by the table, smiling and looking beautiful as she waits for us to have our breakfast. Then, POOF! They were all gone like smoke off to school and the office. Mom and I left alone together. TRIIING!! Once again Mom used her beautiful magic. She washed, clean, scrubbed and dance her way around the house. I stared at her and wonder she made the house sparkle like diamonds and smell fragrant like strawberries. Soon she was through with her chores she placed me gently on her lap, took me to places I had never wished under the ocean over the mountains in the land of fairies and queen. Her most beautiful magic is her stories.
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Each day was like this. Mom’s magic made all of us happy. One day something happened, she still cooked breakfast but no longer stood and smiled, rested her head on the table. She still dusted and scrubbed but she no longer danced. She shuffled her feet and hunched her shoulders and she told storied has no longer laugh. Mom’s magic was fading. One day we woke up to find, no breakfast, no baon, no coffee and no neatly uniform. Dad said Mom is sick, she was in bed. He said,” I will not go to the office today. I will take care of Mom. We have to work together and do Mom’s task. Ate said she will cook our breakfast and prepare their baon. Kuya said he williron clothes and clean the house before going to school. Me? I went inside Mom and Dad’s room and led Mom to the world of fairies and queens, guided her over the ocean and flew over the mountains. I told her amazing stories. I looked Mom and she was smiling proudly and she said that was magical! From the time on we helped mom cast magic around our home, and that magic has stayed with us forever.
Vocabulary words sparkle- shine/ glitter fragrant- having pleasant odor, pleasant smelling shuffled- dragged or slided hunched- bent magical- delightful or charming
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How well did you read? 1. What were the magic acts Mom did around the house? _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2. Why do you think did Mom become sick? _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3. What brought the magic back inside the house? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ Develop Your Reading Skills Determining the meaning of compound words A compound wordis used as noun is made up of two words. One type of compound words is called open or separate. To know the definition of these compound words you have to understand the meaning of the two separate words. For example, bus stop is a compound word which means “a place where buses stop.� To determine whether a compound words should be written solid (as one word) or separate ( as two words), consult a reliable, up-to-date dictionary.
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Fill in the blanks in the statements in Column A with the correct compound words used as noun listed in Column B. Column A 1. Dad places his shoes in the __________. 2. This is what a pupil wears to school; It looks the same as the clothes of other pupils in the school. It is termed _______________________.
Column B Shoe rack
Tape measure
Swimming pool 3. It is not a half moon; it is a _______________ 4. A large container for water. It is a ____________.
School uniform
5. How tall are you? You can know by using a ________________.
Full moon
6. A room where the people talk about important things called ____________
Washing machine
7. You will surely get wet if you dive in the ____________________.
Water tank
8. You don’t have to wash your clothes by hand because you can wash them in the _______________.
Meeting room
More to Read and Think About ďƒ˜ Comprehension Skills Noting Details Write the letter of the correct answer on the line before each number. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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_______ 1. Every morning, what did Mom prepare for Dad? a. coffee b. newspaper _______ 2. What did Mom prepare for Ate and Kuya? a. baon with bottles of water and umbrellas b. uniform and baon with bottles of water _______ 3. After breakfast, where did Dad go? a. Dad went to visit Lola. b. Dad went to work in the office. _____ 4. What did Mom do when Dad, Ate, and Kuya had already left? a. Mom cleaned the house. b. Mom went to the supermarket. ______ 5. What was Nena’s favorite part of the day? a. bathe time b. storytelling time ____ 6. Why did Nena love Mom’s stories? a. She could visit many places in her imagination. b. She could sit on Mom’s lap and sleep. _____ 7. How did Nena know that Mom’s magic was fading? a. Mom no longer laughed/ smiled. B. Mom no longer spoke. ____ 8. How did Dad, Ate, Kuya and Nena bring the magic back into their home? a. They did Mom’s work. b. They asked Mom to wake up. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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____9. How did the magic in Nenas home stay with them forever? a. Mom was still the only one working in the house. b. Everyone in the house did his/ her task.
Organizing Ideas For this activity you would need the following the cardboard box approximately 5x5 inches (you may use old boxes at home) colored pieces of paper (6 different colors) glue or paste, scissors and marker. First cut the colored paper to fit each side of your box. Using the paste or glue cover each side of your box with the different piece of colored paper. Read the story “My Magical Mom” once again then write your answer to each of the questions on the six different sides of your box. Later on your teacher will ask you to show the different sides of your box. Use a marker in writing in your answers. Characters Who are the characters in the story?
Setting Where and when does the story takes place?
Conflict What is the main problem of the story?
Resolution How is the problem resolved?
Theme What is the topic or subject of the story?
Favorite What part of the story do you like best?
Study Skill Arranging words in alphabetical order according to the Second Letter. In arranging words alphabetically, you also have to look at the second letter if many words begin with the same letter. If that is the case, base the alphabetical order on the second letter of each of the words as shown in these examples: target, tea, toe, trap.
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Arrange the following words alphabetically based on their second letter. Write the correct order in the line below each number. 1. shoes
strap
sandals
soda
_________________________________________________________ 2. book
bag
bug
bed
_________________________________________________________ 3. eggplant
elephant
enjoy
ear
_________________________________________________________ 4. computer
crayon
chocolate
cardboard
_________________________________________________________ 5. zigzag
zebra
zoo
zap
Making predictions and Logical Conclusions 1. Earlier in the evening, Mom went to sleep early. Later Nena heard her coughing and coughing. What do you think will happen in the morning? a. Mom will not be able to prepare breakfast. b. Mom will still be healthy and strong. 2. Since Mom was too sick to go to the clinic, Dad went to the phone and talked to someone. Who do you think will be arriving later this afternoon? a. the town mayor b. the doctor 3. Mom clapped her hands and smiled after Nena had told her a story. Mom held out both her hands towards Nena. What do you think would she do next? a. She would hug Nena. b. She would tell Nena to keep quiet. 4. When Mom was already feeling better, dad put on his polo and slacks. He took his briefcase and went out the door. Where was Dad going? a. dad would go to the office, b. Dad would go to the supermarket. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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5. Ate left in a hurry and forgot to bring her homework. What do you think would happen next? a. Ate would not get a good score in class. b. Ate Would get a good score in class. FOCUS ON PHONICS AND WORD RECOGNITION Blending Letter Sounds to Form a Word Say each of the following words carefully, then blend them together to identify the word. Write the word on the space after each set of sounds. Use the list of long and short vowel sounds in Lesson 9 to help you in sounding out the letters. Example: b + o + th = both 1. d + a
= ____________________
2. r + â + w + s
= ____________________
3. m + a + w + s
= _____________________
4. e + r
= _____________________
5. s + î + ng + k
= ______________________
6. c + û + k
= _____________________
7. j + I + y + â + n + t
= _____________________
8. b + r + ê + d 9. n + û + t 10. k + ô + l + d
= _____________________ = ______________________ = ______________________
Possessive Pronouns show ownership. These are: mine, ours, yours, his, hers and theirs. They tell you who or what owns something. The possessive pronouns, my, our, your, his, her, its and their are used as limiting adjectives to qualify nouns. They come before nouns. Examples I lost my bag.
We cleaned our room.
Is that your book?
Your books are here.
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His shirt is blue.
Their mother sings well.
Her pet loves meat.
Their tails are long.
The lion feeds its cubs. The second group of possessive pronouns mine, ours, yours, his, hers and theirs can stand alone without a noun.
Examples That bag is mine.
The cleanest room is ours.
Is that book is yours?
Those books are yours.
The blue shirt is his.
The songbook is theirs.
That pet is hers.
The new pens are theirs.
1. Possessive Pronouns show ownership. They tell who or what owns something. 2. The possessive pronouns that are used as limiting adjectives to qualify nouns come from before nouns. 3. There are also possessive pronouns that can stand alone without a noun. They replace nouns in a sentence. Activity: A. Encircle the possessive pronoun in each sentence. 1. Marie carried her new bag to school. 2. The blue shirt is his. 3. Our school is near the church. 4. Your coat fits you well. 5. The dog wagged its tail. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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B. Rewrite the following sentences by replacing the possessive nouns with possessive pronouns. 1. I shall follow Ms. Santos’s instructions.
2. Why do you play with John’s toys without asking permission? ________________________________________________________ 3. Today is the guards’ day off, so they are going to the mall. ________________________________________________________ 4. The storm’s strong winds destroyed almost every house in my town. ________________________________________________________ 5. During autumn, the trees’ leaves fall. _______________________________________________________ 6. Luckie is Jon’s favorite pet. ________________________________________________________ 7. George’s shoes are new. _________________________________________________________ 8. The children’s books were all destroyed by the rains. _________________________________________________________ 9. The Queen’s palace is huge. _________________________________________________________ 10. The cat’s kittens are lost. _______________________________________________________
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Two-Word Compound Words A. Study the spelling list in the box.
High school Car wheel Apple tree
seat belt coffee Christmas tree sewing machine
shop first cousin train station road map
B. Memorize the spelling of the words in the list by following these steps: Say, Spell, Write, and Check C. Match each part of the word with the missing letter or letters. Look at the letters clues below. Write the missing letter or letters on the blanks. 1. c ___ r wh ___ ___ l
6. ro __ __ ma __
2. h __ __ hsch __ __ l
7. __ eat bel __
3. cof __ __ e sh __ p
8. f __ __ st c __ __ sin
4. se __ __ ng ma __ __ ine
9. ap __ le t __ __ e
5. tr __ __ n stat __ __ n
10. Chr __ __ tmas T __ __ ee
Ai R P fe
Ou Ch ad ig
re a o s
p ir Oo wi
t Io Is Ee
Coffee Kid Do you take some things around you for granted? What beverage does your mother or father drink? Do you know of any coffee shop? What is this drink they call coffee? More and more Filipinos are starting to drink coffee, but did you know that there is a story behind this drink? Even if you cannot yet YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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have a sip of coffee, I think you should know the story of coffee here in the Philippines, for it is also involves children like you. I am part of a family that grows coffee. Because coffee, there is food on our table and my Manong* and I are able to study. My name is Ben and I am a coffee kid. My grandmother started raising coffeee when she was still young and we have been growing coffee trees ever since. Manong and I go to school, but after school and during weekends, we help in the planting, cultivating and processing of coffee. The work is very difficult, for we live in the Cordilleras. The land we till is rugged, and we live far from the places where coffee is bought and sold. It is quite sad, but many of our coffee plants do not survive. During rainy season, the plants are battered by typhoons or covered during landslides. Likewise, pests like ants and worms destroy the coffee plants. Some worms can even bore and cut the coffee plant. When the plant does live, we have to wait for three to four years it bears fruit. The coffee flowers start to blossom is October, then the flowers turn to green coffee cherries. When the green coffee cherries turn redn they ready to be harvested. during this time, we need all the help we can get,m for we have to pick the tiny cherries carefully one by one. Also, coffee trees cn grow very tall,so Manong and I work as a team. Since I am smaller, I gather the cherries that flourish at the bottom of the plant, and Manong picks those at the top. The work does not stop after the harvest.I have to help Nanang soak the YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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coffeee cherries in water and remove the outer skin with the use of machine that Tatang made. Afterwards, the coffee cherries are dried under the sun for two to three days. The dried beans are pounded to remove the second skin. The dried second skin and the coffee beans are separated through sifting. Then, the beans are roasted continously over a slow fire. Nanang stands by the fire for hours, stirring the beans nonstop to make sure that they do not get burned. After being roasted, the beans are ground, ready to be sold. Selling the processed coffee is not easy. People who visits coffee shops in the sity usually pay 100 pesos for each cup of coffee. Most of the people who buy coffee beans from us pay 60 pesos per kilo. each kilo of coffee beans make 150 to 200 cups of coffee. nanag and Tatang know they should be paid more, but they have no choice. Not many people buy coffee from us, for coffee shops in the city get coffee from other places like Indonesia and Brazil. Thus, even if coffee pays for our food and even our schooling, what we earn is not enough. Often times, we have to walk for hours to get to school because we do not have money to pay for our fare. I wonder who can help the coffee farmers. Fortunately there are people who know and understand our coffee story. I am hopeful, like Nanang and Tatang, that more and more people in the city will realize that the coffee we grow is one of the best in the world. Vocabulary words: beverage- any liquid that is drunk for food or for pleasure sip- to drink in smal amounts processing- actions done one after the other in making of a product battered- damaged or hit heavily pounded- stricken repeatedly and forcelly sifting- process of separating particles through a utensil ground- past tense of grind; crushed or turned into powder
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How Well Did You Read? 1. Why is coffee important to Ben and his family? ________________________________________________________ 2. How does Ben help his family in growing coffee? ________________________________________________________ 3. Ben and his family are not earning enough in growing and selling coffee. Why? ________________________________________________________ Determining the Meanings of Hyphenated Compound Words In a phrase or sentence, write the meaning of the individual word in each answer ( run, ail, thru, between, aunt). Afterwards, identify the correct definition of the compound word based on this meaning. Encircle the correct answer. 1. run : __________________________________________________ runner- up:
a. one who wins second place b. one who runs up the stage
2. mail: ________________________________________________ e-mail:
a. any message b. a message sent electronically
3. thru: ___________________________ drive-thru: a. driving through a very long highway b. driving up to a window of a store to buy something 4. between: __________________________ go-between:
a. one who acts as a messenger between two sides b. one who likes staying in the middle
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5. aunt: _________________________ great-aunt: a. the sister of a parent c. the sister of a grandparent Comprehension Skills Identifying Big Idea and the Small Ideas There are three sentences in each number below. One sentences expresses a BIG idea, and the other two contain small ideas that support the big idea. Identify which sentence has the big idea and which two sentences have the small ideas. Write the letters of your answers on the third column. 1. a. He harvest coffee with his family. b. Ben is very helpful. c. He peels the coffee cherries with his Nanang.
Big Idea: ________ Small Ideas: ________________ _________________
2. a. They are able to buy food. b. Ben and his Manong can go to school. C. Coffee is important to Ben and his family.
Big Idea: ________ Small Ideas: ______________ ______________
3. a. Many coffee trees are destroyed. b. Coffee trees are eaten by ants and worms. c. Some trees are destroyed by strong typhoons 4. a. The coffee cherries have to be soaked and peeled. b. It is difficult to process coffee cherries. c. Coffee beans have to be roasted for many hours. 5. a. Only a few people by coffee from Ben’s family b. Those who buy coffee from Ben’s family do not pay the right amount. c. Ben and his family do not earn much from growing coffee.
Big Idea: _________ Small Ideas: ________________ ________________ Big Idea: ________ Small Ideas: _________________ ________________
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Big Idea: ________ Small Ideas: _______________ _______________
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Classifying Words According to Category In the table below are five categories. From the list after the table, identify the three (3) words that should belong under each category. Write your answers on the spaces under each category. Category Parts of a Plant
Insects
Farm Animals
Worker
Drink
goat
cow
root
ant
stem
leaf
fly
driver
farmer
vendor
coffee
ladybug
juice
chicken
tea
Reading Orally Certain Passages from a Selection Go back to the selection, “Coffee Kids.� Which part of the process of raising coffee was most interesting to you? Read that part in front of the class and explain why you found that part interesting. ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________
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Recalling Main Ideas and Identifying Key Themes The following is another of Ben’s stories about coffee. The teacher will read aloud three paragraphs in the story. When she/he stops after each paragraph you must tell him/her what the paragraph is about, using one sentence only. Now, close your books and listen carefully to your teacher. 1. One day, several people arrived in our barangay. They introduced themselves as volunteers who would help us harvest coffee beans. There were many of them. nanag said that they had their own jobs. They were teachers, artists, office workers, doctors, and many others. Even if they were busy in their work, they set aside their weekend to come and help us. Because of our big number, we finished the harvest more quickly than when there were only four of us.
2. The next day, the volunteers returned, bringing books, art materials, and prizes! They gathered all of us coffee kids and taught us dancing and some arts and crafts. Did you know that coffee could be used for painting too? We took the morning’s leftover coffee and used it as our paint. we had so much fun! We also played games taught by the volunteers, and some even read stories from the books they brought. I lovreading very much, and I was glad when they gave us the books.
3. Nanang and Tatang have been hopeful that more and more people will appreciate coffee grown in the Philippines, and it seems that their prayers have been answered. The same volunteers are part of a group called Coffee AID, which does not only help us plant coffee trees and harvest coffee beans but also buys coffee from us at the right price. Now, Manong and I can reach our school without having to walk, and Nanang and Tatang can afford to buy more books for us. Segmenting Letter Sounds in a Word For this activity, you need to listen carefully to your teacher. He or she will read each of the following wodrds, first quickly and then slowly ant
hat
egg
/
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bag
sack
hot
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What letter sounds make up each word above? Your teacher will say the different sounds in the first three words. ant= /â//n//t/
hat= /h//â//t/
egg= /ê//g/
Now it is your turn. Say the different letter sounds that make up the last three words in the list above. Practice more on the following words. 1. nuts 6. spots 2. nest 7. tent 3. hiss 8. pan 4. can 9. cup 5. sick 10. doll Demonstrative Pronouns A demonstarative Pronoun points to, identifies,and specifies a noun as to its number and distance from the speaker. The four demonstrative pronouns are shown in the table below. Singular Near far
This that
Plural these those
Demonstratvie pronouns point to nouns. The demonstrative pronouns this and these identify nouns and pronouns that are near the speaker. That and those refer to nouns and pronouns that are farfrom the speaker. This and thatrefer to singualr nouns while theseand those refer to plural nouns.
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This is my pencil.
These are my books.
That is her pencil.
Those are his books. A. Encircle the correct demonstrative pronoun that should be used in each sentence. 1. Did you see the hamsters in the pet shop? (Those/These) are the pets I like. 2. Mr. Santos gave a test last week. (These/That) was a very difficult test. 3. Have you tried harvesting coffee cherries? (That/Those) are very difficult to pick. 4. Here, eat your sandwich. (This/These) might get colder. 5. Are (this/these) your socks? Yikes! I should not have worn them. 6. Today is my birthday! (This/That) is my favorite day of the year! YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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7. Why did you throw away your shoes? (That/Those) were still new. 8. Please help me with my Math problems. (These/This) are very difficult. 9. Yum! These cupcakes are delicious! Did you bake (this/these)? 10. I failed the test this morning. (These/This) is the worst day of my week.
B. Fill in the blank with the correct emonstrative pronoun.
1. _____________ are very high mountains.
3. ____________ is a red jacket.
2. _______________ is difficult!
4. _____________ are coffee kids.
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5. ____________ is a beautiful drawing.
6. __________ are coffee farms.
8. __________ is used to grind coffee. 7. ________ are coffee beans.
9. Is _____ hard to do?
10. No _______ is easy.
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Hyphenated Compound Words A. Study the spelling of the following words. x-ray T-shirt double-check father-in-law self-service get-together mother-in-law vice-president half-moongreat-uncle
B. Memorize the spelling of the words in the list by following these steps: Say, Spell, Write and Check. C. Match the word in Column A with another word in Column B to come up with a hyphenated compound word. Make sure that you place the hyphen (-) in the proper place. Column A Father Double X Half Vice Mother Self T Great get
Column B Ray Shirt Service In-law Uncle President Together Check In-law moon
Hyphenated Compound Word 1. _____________________________ 2. ______________________________ 3. _______________________________ 4. ________________________________ 5. ________________________________ 6. ________________________________ 7. _________________________________ 8. __________________________________ 9. ___________________________________ 10. __________________________________
The Dog in the Ditch Animals need our help too. Yehey!!! John and Pepe exclaimed as they climbed onto their bicycles and pedaled into the street. John and Pepe lived in Barangay New Agutaya in San Vicente, Palawan. They loved their barangay, for even if the houses were not big, each one had a beautiful garden. The fences around each house stood straight, and not a single piece of garbage could be found. The streets too were swept clean every day by residents.
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Yes! We have a full day of playing! No homework, no tests! John said excitedly. Let’s make the most of this day, for tomorrow we have to go to church and visit Lola. What do you want to do? Pepe asked John as their bicycles sped down the path, their bicycle tires scattering tiny clouds of dust. Well we can look for Mario, Ren, and Tino first. Then we can play basketball at the plaza. Come on lets take the shortcut. John raced on ahead taking the roas that passed by the barangay’s drainage system. Be careful there! Pepe called out John. You know what our teacher told us! Let us not get too close to the canal! But John was already close to the ditch, looking down something below. When Pepe came near, he heard a small and pitiful whine. What is that? Pepe asked. Come and take a look, John responded Make Predictions:What do you think was in the ditch? Turn the page afterwards and try continue the story based on the pictures.
Vocabulary Words Drainage system- a system of drains to carry off excess water Ditch- a canal; a long, deep line on the ground How Well Did You Read? 1. Why were John and Pepe excited for the day? ________________________________________________________
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2. Why did the two boys love their barangay even if it was small and simple? _______________________________________________________ 3. Did John and Pepe play right away? _______________________________________________________
 Building your Vocabulary Using Prefixes and Suffixes A prefix is a group of letters placed at the beginning of a word to add or change its meaning. For this activity, we shall focus on three prefixes.
Prefix RePre-
Meaning of the Prefix Again Before
Example Rewrite Preschool
Bi-
two
bicycle
Meaning of the New Word Write again Before elementary school A vehicle with two wheels
A suffix is a group of letters placed after a word to add or change its meaning. For this activity, we shall focus on three suffixes. Suffix -er -ful -ness
Meaning of the Suffix Doer Full of State of being
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Example teacher Beautiful Happiness
Meaning of the New Word One who teaches Full of beauty State of being happy
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Take note that the word to which a prefix or suffix is added is called a root word. For example, in the word happiness, -ness is the suffix, and happy is the root word. Guess the words being defined below. Write your answers on the spaces after the given meaning. 1. twice a week
________________________
2. cook in advance
________________________
3. to look over or view again
________________________
4. state of being sad
________________________
5. someone who hunts
________________________
6. full of pain
________________________
ďƒ˜ Comprehension Skills Noting Explicit and Implied Details What are explicit and implied details? Let us begin with examples. The following are descriptions of the barangay where John and Pepe live. Explicit Detail Implicit Detail Each house had a beautiful garden. The barangay is clean and orderly. the fences around each house stood straight and not a single piece of garbage could be found What did you notice? An explicit detail is specific, clear and is already written in the story. An implied detail is a detail not clearly stated or written in the story. Explicit details.Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions. Go back to the story to check if your answer is correct. ________ 1. In the barangay, who swept the streets? a. The streets were swept clean every day by the residents. b. The streets were swept clean every day by the street sweepers. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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_______ 2. When Pepe and John left their house, what did they first decide to do? a. They decided to go and look for their playmates first. b. They decided to go and play basketball in the plaza. Implied details. What do the following sentences imply? Choose the correct answers. ______ 1.Yehey! John and Pepe exclaimed. a. They were sad. b. They were happy. ______ 2. Yes! We have a full day of just playing! No homework, no tests! John said excitedly. a. John did not like homework and tests. b. John liked homework and tests. _____ 3. We had a better make the most of this day, for tomorrow we have to go to church and visit Lola. a. It was Saturday. b. It was Monday. _____ 4. Be careful there! Pepe called out to John. You know what our teacher told us! Let us not get too close to the canal! a. The canal was safe. b. The canal was dangerous.
Predicting outcomes To predict an outcome is to guess what will happen next, based on what is read or seen. Predicting Outcomes then means that you make an intelligent guess.
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For example, when you see a man step on a banana peeling, what do you think will happen to him? How do you know that will happen to him? You have probably seen it happen in movies or in pictures before or perhaps it even happened to you! Try to predict outcomes on your own. 1. Anna sat on a chair, waiting for her turn. She was very nervous. Her tooth was aching the whole week but only now did she have the courage to visit the dentist. Then, someone called her name, Anna? It’s your turn. What would happen next? a. The dentist would examine and treat her teeth. b. The dentist would just talk to her. 2. Look at the pictures below. What do you think will happen next?
_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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3. Go back to the pictures in the story, The Dog in the Ditch. If there were a fourth picture box, what do you think would it contain? On a short bond paper, draw what you think will happen, based on the three previous pictures. Using the Internet, find out more about Barangay New Agutaya in San Vicente, Palawan. In your notebook, list down five (5) facts about Barangay New Agutaya. At the bottom, make sure that you write down the source of your information. - Name of website: - url (A url is the address of the website. Note the example on the right)
http://lacrax.blogspot.com/2011/06/que-es-la-una-urlque-son-las-url.html Say It! Engaging in a Conversation Was there ever a time when you saved an animal from danger? Have you heard of stories of people saving animals? Share these stories with a group. Each member of a group should share his or her story. What kind of animals was in trouble? What happened to the animal? What did you do or the person you read about do to save the animal?
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View and Write Observing Illustrations
Literary Appreciation
Look at the picture. What do you think happened to the cat? Who was the person helping the cat? What was his job? What was he doing to the cat? How did you know what he was doing to the cat
Recognizing Sensory Impressions When you wake up in the morning, what do you hear first- the alarm clock or the crowing of the rooster? What do you smell when you move into the kitchen- your mother’s lonnganisaor your fathers coffee? How does your breakfast taste- salty or sweet? When you take a bath to get ready for school, do you feel the water running down your back? Do you prefer hot water or cold water for your bath? When you are on your way to school, what do you see around you- billboards advertising all kinds of products, jeepneys and buses, rice fields and mountains? You understand the world around you through your five senses: sight, hearing , smell, taste, and touch. It is the same thing with reading. You understand more what you read by understanding what the characters in the story see, hear, smell, taste, and touch. Now, read the following paragraph. What sense is shown in each underlined word? The Dog Story The sun was hot. I had been in the ditch for hours and no one was coming to help me. I was very afraid. The water in the ditch was very smelly. It was also green, so I knew the water was not clean. I wanted to get out of that smelly ditch! Then, I heard voices. They sounded very excited. Their voices very loud. Then the two boys appeared. They were going to help me! one boy held on to his companion while the other reached out to me. At last! I was free! They were really good boys, because when I was free, they even fed me. That adobo was really delicious! 1. hot
– sense of _____________
2. smelly
– sense of _____________
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3. green
- sense of _____________
4. loud
- sense of ________________
5. delicious
– sense of ______________
Listen! Answering How-, Why- and What if- Questions In your everyday life you asked many questions, and you must know how to answer properly and correctly. What are your usual answers to how- whyand what if- questions? Let us look at the examples below. Question How did you get here? Why did you come here? What if I wasn’t here?
Answer First, I rode a jeepney; then I transferred to a tricycle. I wanted to see you. I would have gone back home.
Selection It had been raining for days in Cuttack City India. What had once been a street now became a river of deadly brown water. One man was ready to leave his home and head for higher ground. When he was packing his few belongings, he hears a very loud Meow! it went on continuously. It was a mother cat. She was very upset because her kittens were being carried away by the flood and she could not do anything. All she could do was cry out. Luckily, this man heard the mother’s cat cries. He ran outside, grabbed a basket floating by, and swam after the four kittens. He grabbed them one by one and placed them in his basket. He saved the kittens. Answer the following questions. 1. Why was the mother cat upset? _________________________________________________________ 2. How did the man save the kitten?
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3. What if the man did not hear the mother cat’s cries? What could have happened? ________________________________________________________ Pronouncing Words with the Long Vowel e Sound How do you pronounce the following words? Listen to your teacher first then, say again what she has pronounced. leaf
sea
bee
eel
What have you noticed? the vowels are pronounced similarly. The twoletter-combinations ea and eeare read as one vowel—the long vowel sound of e, “eeeeee!”When you say it, your lips stretch into a slight smile. Now, try pronouncing the following words.
tea
team
seal beat
weed
Seed
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feet
jeep
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Learn Grammar and Usage Interrogative Pronouns The root word of interrogative is “interrogate,” which means to ask.” Thus interrogative pronouns are used when you need to ask a question. The following table shows the most common interrogative pronouns and for what they should be used. Who, whom What Which Whose
Person Thing Person/thing Person/thing (possession)
Let us look at some examples. Sample Questions Who ate my cookies? To whom did I gave it to the dog. What time is it? Which is your book? Who among our classmates won? Whose are these? To whom does this leash belong?
Sample Answers I did. You give the cookies? It is already 2 o’clock in the afternoon. The blue one is mine. Trisha won. Those are mine. It is the dog’s leash.
1. Interrogative pronouns are used in asking questions. 2. The interrogative pronouns who and whom are used to refer to people. 3. The interrogative pronoun what is used to refer to animals and inanimate objects. 4. The interrogative pronouns which and whose are used to refer to people, either animals, or inanimate objects.
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PRACTICE A. Encircle the interrogative pronouns in the following sentences. 1. Who was saved from the ditch? 2. From whom did the warning come? 3. What is your name? 4. Which of the stories have good lessons? 5. Whose is that dog? 6. Who gave you a reward? 7. Which of your projects is completed? 8. What made Pepe and John happy? 9. Whose was the food that was eaten? 10. To whom did the two boys return the dog?
B. Add an interrogative pronoun to complete each question sentence. 1. _____________________ of the books is your favorite? 2. _____________________ can be the explanation of the incident? 3. _____________________ would you like to do today? 4. To ___________________ was the letter sent? 5. ______________________ is celebrating his/her birthday today? 6. ______________________ is the title of the song you have sung? 7. ______________________ did you read yesterday? 8. ______________________ is going to the zoo today? 9. ______________________ of the dresses do you like? 10. _____________________ is the new principal of our school?
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Extend Your Skills For this activity, you will need a piece of paper for you to write on and a pen. On a piece of paper, write four questions utilizing the interrogative pronouns. Make sure that you make your questions as a varied as possible. Then, form a group of four to five each. Form a circle. Place the pen in the middle of the circle and spin it. If the writing tip of the pen points to you, you will pick out a question from your list and ask the person to whom the bottom of the pen points. Repeat this process until everyone in the group is able to ask and answer a question.
SPELL CORRECTLY WORDS with PREFIXES and SUFFIXES A. Study the words in the list. Preheat Sweetness helper
cheerful builder
redo blueness remakeBinocular helpful
B. Memorize the spelling of the words in the list by following these steps: Say, Spell, Write, and Check. C. Read the definition of the scrambled words with prefixes and suffixes. Write the correct word on the answer line. 1. do it again:
dreo ____________________
2. one who builds:
uidlber ___________________
3. full of cheer:
hcerelflu __________________
4. make again:
keamer ___________________
5. one who help:
perleh ____________________
6. full of help:
fluelhp ____________________
7. state of being sweet:
eswetnsse _________________
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8. state of being blue:
lusenbes __________________
9. two small telescopes:
aouibnclr __________________
10. to heat something early:
heparte ___________________
UNIT III: The Deer and the Leopard Do you know why leopards have black spots on their bodies?
Once there lived in a village a bear and his two dear friends: a leopard and a deer. Bear was a great farmer. He had a big farm that produced much food. Every evening, he called his friends for dinner. But one day, as he was walking in his vegetable garden, he noticed something different. There were empty spaces in the garden. Something was missing, he thought. Where was the cucumber that was here yesterday? he asked himself. This thought of the loss of some vegetables continued day after day so that he became restless. At first, he tried not to mind the unpleasant feeling. The farm was very big. He must have been mistaken. The next day, he noticed that the big pumpkin which he used to see from afar was also gone. Oh my! This is too much, he cried. And I am supposed to pick the vegetable today to make pumpkin soup for my friends. Bear began to check his garden carefully. He started the cucumbers, pumpkins, tomatoes, gourds, and corn cobs. he told Leopard and Deer about tne problem and they all laughed at him. When his vegetables continued to disappear, he went to deer’s hut. He confronted him. Were you stealing my vegetables? he demanded. No Deer answered back. You have been very good to me! You call for me every evening for a free dinner. Why would I steal in your farm? YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Bear Said. I never like stealing, you know I wish you were not the one. And he turned his back disappointed. Then he went to Leopard, Please be honest with me. Have you been stealing vegetables from my garden? No! You know I prefer meat. Besides I really do not like vegetables. I only eat them because you invite us. But the vegetables continued disappearing and Bear became really furious. He continued to confront his friends but both refused to admit they had something to do with the missing vegetables. Bear thought of an idea. He was going to test deer’s and leopard’s honesty. He offered to share the money earned from his vegetable garden with anyone who could catch the thief. Bear’s offer reached deer. He went to see bear the next day. I did not invite you for dinner! cried bear. Hey don’t be mad at me. I came here to help your catch the thief. Go and dig a deep hole in front of the entrance garden. Start a fire in the hole with chunks of wood and covered it with plenty of dry twigs and leaves. Let it burn for the night. The thief would fall in the fire and shout in surprise and pain. You can catch him right on the spot,deer continued. So Bear left dug a hole and lit a wire in the bottom. He let the fire burn down to red hot coals. He then covered the hole with dry branches just as deer said. Deer went to leopard’s house. Bear has been very good to us. Go and comfort him now. Besides, he said he wanted to talk to you. So Leopard ran to see bear. When he went through the entrance to the garden, leopard fell into the hole and started to get burned. Meanwhile deer passing from the back door ran to see bear. Dear friend, he cried come; the thief has just been trapped. Yes, I heard someone cry earlier, said bear. Let’s go and catch him. To bear’s surprise they saw leopard trying to get out of the hole. He shouted, so you were the thief! You had been stealing from my garden all these times. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Why have you been lying to me? Bear cried. Every time I asked you, our insisted you were not the one. Now you are trapped! I don’t know what you are talking about, snapped back leopard. Let me get out of this fire. And leopard leaped high and out he was of the hot hole. Well what will you say, my friend? You are a traitor! I am glad that Deer has thought of this, said Bear. Oh! No! You tricked me, shouted Leopard as he faced deer. You told me bear wanted to see me. What? Did he say that? asked bear. Bear looked at the dear with disbelief. Now it became clear to him that deer had been lying. It was deer who had been stealing his garden. You are a thief! Cried bear. Look at what you have done! See the black spots on my body? My skin has been burned, he cried as he tried to grab the deer. But deer was able to escape from him. Since that day all leopards have black spots all over their bodies. And the leopard and deer never got along well again. Answer the questions. 1. Why did bear easily notice the missing pumpkin in his garden?
2. What trick did deer suggest to solve the problem of the stolen vegetables?
3. Did Deer succeed in fooling bear?
4. Where and how did Leopard get the black spots on his body?
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Vocabulary Words Empty- containing nothing Restless- uneasy, disturbed Pumpkin- a squash-looking fruit of a vegetables vine Gourds- hard g shelled fruits of a vine related to pumpkins, melons Cobs- kernels of corn on hard, woody core Confronted- faced angrily Disappointed- a feeling of having failed Furious- fierce, extremely mad Chunks- short, thick pieces of wood Twigs- small branches Coals- pieces of burning, charred wood Confront- cheer up; give encouragement Trapped- caught, captures Leaped- jumped up or off the ground Traitor- a person who betrays or becomes unfaithful
HOMOGRAPHS Homographs is a words that have the same spelling but different meanings. Sometimes they are pronounced differently. Read each sentence carefully. Write the letter of the correct meaning of the words in italics. You may refer to the given list. ____________ 1. The bark has many uses. ____________ 2. I can hear my dog bark. ____________ 3. I stood very close to our test. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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____________ 4. Make sure to close all the windows. ____________ 5. You may wind the string around the box. ____________ 6. The strong wind blew away our roof. ____________ 7. Who will tear the paper into tiny pieces? ____________ 8. A tear rolled down his face
Using appropriate action words for different situations Mike a grade 3 pupil. He is very active boy both at home, in school and in the community. These action words state that what he does. This is a picture shows on verbs or action words.
eat---- shop---- walk--- buy
read--- write—look—work
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Swim—play—run—throw
slide—laugh—play—swing
Now do your own word, on a sheet of bond paper. Make a simple drawing of a mall, beach, library, and park. Write your name in the middle of the circle. What do you do in these places? Write the action words. Comprehension skills Making predictions Predicting is telling what you think will happen next, based on something that has already happened. Read the sentences carefully. Tell what is likely to happen by continuing the sentence. 1. The whole family was looking forward to spending the weekend in the beach. But that Friday evening, my sister, Jessie had a slight fever. Mom gave her medicines right away. Fortunately, _________________________________________________________ 2. The day was sunny and bright. We had an early breakfast of pancakes and juice. We put on our swimsuits. Mom packed sandwiches, juice, and drinking water. We brought along our plastic balls and floaters. Now, ________________________________________________________ YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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3. We all hopped into the car. We were singing along the way. The road was clear and we were enjoying the countryside. Suddenly the car stopped. Dad tried to restart it but failed. Luckily, _________________________________________________________ 4. We all hoped back into the car and went on with our trip. This time, we were all very quiet. We hoped we would not encounter any problem along the way. Then the car started to slow down and it passed through a colorful welcome arch. Our eyes lit in excitement. We _________________________________________________________ Making Predictions about the Text Read he sentences. Tell what likely happened in the story. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line. _______ 1. There was plenty of food from the farm. a. Bear invited his friends for a free dinner every evening. b. Bear sold all his produce in the market. _______ 2. Bear watched the big pumpkin grow in size. a. The pumpkin could get a good price in the market. b. Bear was going to make pumpkin soup for his friends. _______ 3. Bear was restless with the continuous disappearance of the vegetables in the farm. a. Bear called for a fortune teller. b. Bear offered a share in profit from his farm to anyone who can could catch the thief. _______ 4.Leopard and deer denied stealing the vegetables in the farm. a. Bear was disappointed with them. b. Bear stopped seeing them.
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_______ 5. Bear was the real thief. He was wise and sly. a. Deer convinced bear to lay a trap to catch the thief. b. Deer suggested bearing to leave money in the garden. _______ 6. Bear dug a hole, lit a fire in the bottom, and covered it with dry twigs and leaves. a. The coals continued. b. The coals dimmed and burned off. _______ 7. Leopard passed by the gate entranced to talk the bear. a. Leopard fell into the hole. b. Leopard passed by the covered hole safely. ______ 8.Leopard fell into the hole. a. His skin get burned and left black spots on his body. b. He was able to jump out of the hole. _______ 9. Bear revealed that the trap was Deer’s idea. a. Leopard realized Deer had fooled both of them. b. Deer denied the accusation. _______ 10. Leopard was very mad at deer. a. Deer asked for forgiveness. b. Deer ran away to escape Leopard’s anger. ______ 11. Leopard never caught up with deer. a. Until this day, the leopard and the deer have never got along well. b. Until this day, the leopard has been running after the deer. Using a simple chart to report data
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A chart presents information that is organized in columns and rows.. It contains words, numbers, or symbols. A chart is an effective way of presenting facts and information. Below is a chart of the schedule of activities this weekend in the Activity Town Center. Study the chart and answer the questions that follow. Weekend Schedule Date Saturday 8:00- 10:00 a.m 10:00- 12:00 n. 1:00- 3:00 p.m 3:00- 5:00 p.m Sunday 8:00- 11:00 a.m 1:00- 4:00 p.m
Activities
Teams
Practice Elimination Practice Finals
Basketball
Finals Finals
Volleyball Basketball
Volleyball Badminton
1. The schedule posted is for ______________________________. 2. The activities are going to be held in the ______________________. 3. What is the scheduled activity on Saturday, 3:00- 5:00 p.m.? ______. 4. When will be the finals for volleyball? ____________. 5. What teams will practice on Sunday, 1:00- 4:00 p.m.? __________. 6. What will be the activity on Saturday, 8:00- 10:00 a.m.? ________. 7. How many activities are scheduled on Sunday? _____________. 8. When will be the elimination for tennis? __________. 9. How many hours are allotted for the basketball finals? __________. 10. Is there a scheduled activity after Sunday, 4:00 p.m.? __________.
Make your own schedule of activities on Saturday or Sunday. Start from the time you wake up to the time you retire for bed. Include activities with your family. Do it in a separate sheet of paper.
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Have you heard about the Hot Air Balloon experience? Hot air balloon is the new sport of the country. It is the main event in the Philippine International Hot Air Fiesta a yearly festival held in Clark Airfiled Angeles City, Pampanga. Clarkfield is considerate the most ideal venue because of its open areas, wide spaces and favorable flying weather. It has also all the amenities to attract tourists, like hotels, resorts, villas, restaurants, and shopping centers. The festival features multicolored hot air balloons of different sizes and with amazing designs. Some are designed like ice cream cones, cars, sunflowers, cartoon characters and even cakes. These balloons re propane-powered. They float with the wind. They rise in the air because hot air is lighter than cool air. Hot air balloons usually fly in the morning and late in the afternoon. During these times of the day the wind is calmer. The festival hopes to increase awareness and the desire of flying among the young and the old. A to air balloon ride is very beautiful experience. Anyone from age ten and above can go for a hot air balloon ride. An hour before sunrise and after a short briefing the passengers can start with this unforgettable experience. Imagine the thrill when you are up, up, up in the air, feeling the cool breeze and overlooking the beautiful scenery. The festival happens during the months of January and February. It attracts thousands of local tourists and foreign tourists as well. For three to four days, people witness these “flying bubbles� floating in the air. Throughout these days, cars and people come trekking to Clarkfield, causing traffic jam in the area.
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Answer the following questions. 1. Describe the Hot Air Balloon Festival. ________________________________________________________ 2. When and where is the festival held? ________________________________________________________ 3. What does the festival aim to achieve? _______________________________________________________ 4. What is the minimum age requirement for the ride? _______________________________________________________ 5. When is the best time to ride the balloon? ______________________________________________________ 6. How are these balloons called? ______________________________________________________ 7. Why do you think a short briefing is needed before the flight? ________________________________________________________ Identifying Long and Short Vowel Sounds A. Compare the long and short vowel sounds. /ā/ /ă/ mad made tap tape ran rain can cane bat bait /ŏ/ /ō/ cot coat got goat rod road not note hop hope
/ĕ/ bed hell met net set /ŭ/ cut hug tub cub
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/ē/ bead heel meet neat seat /ū/ cute huge tube cube
/ĭ/ bit win kit fin mill
/ī/ bite wine kite fine mile
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B. Practice saying the phrases. sit on my seat keep the net neat
lit the light slid on the slide
a cot for kate ran under the rain
walked a mile to the mill hug the huge teddy bear
C. Read the pairs of words. Then complete each sentence with the proper words. still- stole 1. Despite the sign, _____ Ben _____ some colored shots of the zoo animals. not- note 2. Do _____ write anything on the _________. can- cane 3. Grandma _________ walk with a _____________. met- meat 4. The mayor ________ with the ___________ vendors. grin- green 5. I saw you _____ at the lady in ______________.
VERBS and THEIR KINDS REGULAR VERBS SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT A verb is a word that tells what a noun is or what the noun does. 1. Jennie bakes delicious cakes. The verb bakes tells what the noun, Jennie, does. The verb bakes is an action word. 2. Phil and Ed played with a new ball. The verb played tells what Phil and Ed did. The verb played is an action word. 3. Phil and Ed are basketball players. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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4. They are energetic. Phil and Ed are: players (n), energetic (adj.) Verbs maybe classified in a variety of ways. One way is to group them as action words as shown in Sentences 1 and 2. The other kind will include no action words as indicated in sentences 3&4. Another way of classifying verbs is to look at how they form their past. Regular verbs are forms that form their past by adding –d or –ed to their base form. Irregular verbs form their past in different ways. The following are examples of regular verbs: call-called; talk-talked; save-saved. Examples of irregular verbs are: sing-sang; see-saw; buy-bought. This lesson focuses on regular verbs. These verbs in the present tense should agree with their subjects in the third person in number. The following rules will guide us in observing proper agreement between subjects and verbs. If the noun subject is singular (means only one) we add –s or –es to the base for the verb. The rule includes the pronouns he, she, it. Examples: Liza crosses the street. singular subject: Liza base form: cross + es crosses She folds her clothes after washing. singular subject: She base form: fold + s If the noun subject is plural (more than one) we use the base form of the verb. The rule includes the plural pronouns we, they. Examples Liza and her friends cross the street. plural subject: Liza and her friends base form: cross YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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They fold their clothes after washing, plural subject: they base form: fold If the subject is I or YOU we use the base form of the verb. I observe the rules in school. subject: I base form: observe You return the book on time. subject: YOU base form: return
1. A verb is a word that tells what a noun does or what it is. 2. A regular verb forms its past by adding –d or –ed to its base form. 3. A regular verb in the present tense agrees with its subject in the third person in number. A. Look each picture. Identify on the answer line the action illustrated in each.
1. ___________________________
2. ______________________________
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3. _____________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ____________________
6. _______________________
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7. __________________________
8. ___________________
B. Read each sentence carefully. Encircle the verb or the word that expresses action. Underline the verb that does not show action. 1. Dad cleans the car every morning. 2. The line to the ticket booth is long. 3. The family prays before meals. 4. Arthur and Alex are twins. 5. Jess waters the plants every day. 6. The class secretary checks the attendance every morning. 7. The children play hide and seek. 8. Today play hide and seek. 9. The doorman opens the door for the hotels guests. 10. Mom attends a yoga class every Saturday. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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C. Using the sentences in Exercise B, pick out four (4) regular verbs. Opposite each verb, write its past form. 1. ____________________
_______________________
2. ____________________
_______________________
3. ______________________ __________________________ 4. ______________________ __________________________ 5. ______________________ __________________________ Extend Your Skills Read each sentence carefully. Underline the verb that agrees with the subject. 1. Our school ( train, trains) athletes for interschool competition. 2. My grandparents carefully (climbs, climb) the stairs. 3. My older brother (paint, paints) our gate. 4. Dad (remembers, remember) all our birthdays. 5. My classmates (walk, walks) to school. 6. Jenny and her friends (enter, enters) the library together. 7. The ambassador (invites, invite) more tourists to come. 8. My cat (love, loves) to play with me. 9. Rex (walk, walks) with his dog around the park. 10. Dad and Mom (plan, plans) a big party for Grandma. Compound Words
1. railroad
4. starfish
7. pancake
2. suitcase
5. landlady
8. shoelace
3. spotlight 6. highway
10. playhouse
9. eyeball
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Identify the compound word being described. ________________ 1.woman who owns a house rented to another ________________ 2.gadget that gives strong light ________________ 3.part of the eye ________________ 4.long stretch of road for vehicles ________________ 5.string to tie a shoe ________________ 6.tracks where trains pass ________________ 7.container for clothes when travelling ________________ 8.small house for children to play in ________________ 9.star-shaped sea creature that stings ________________ 10.thin flat cake cooked in a pan Lesson 18: The Wind Have youever played an outdoor game during windy day? What was the game you played? I saw you toss the kites on high And blow the birds about the sky And all around I heard you pass, Like ladies’ skirts across the grassO wind a-blowing all day long, O wind that sings so loud a song! I saw the different things you did. But always you yourself you hid, I felt you push, I heard you call, I could not see yourself at all-
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O wind blowing all day long, O wind that sings so loud a song! O you that are so strong and cold O blower are you young or old? Are you a beast of field and tree, Or just a stronger child than me? O wind a –blowing all day long, O wind that sings so loud a song. -Robert Louis Stevenson
Toss- throw here and there, backward and forward Blower- one that produces a stream or gush of air Beast- a large four- footed animal
How Well Did You Read? Answer the questions. 1. Who is talking in the poem? 2. What does he wonder about? 3. What does he know about the wind? Build Your Vocabulary Identifying Root Words/ Forming New Words A root wordis the basic word from which other words are formed. Sail is the root word of sailed, sailor, sailing. Happy is the root word of happily, happiest, happiness. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Write the root word of each of the following words. 1. cleaned, cleaner, cleaning
_____________
2. darker, darkness, darkest
_____________
3. farmer, farming, farmed
_____________
4. loveliness, loving, loved
_____________
5. helping, helped, helper
_____________
6. colorful, colored, colorless 7. jumper, jumped, jumping 8. replay, player, played
_____________ _____________ ______________
9. sweetly, sweetener, sweetness
______________
10. careless, careful, caring
______________
Form two new words with each of the root words below. 1. blow
_________________
_______________
2. listen
________________
________________
3. obey
_______________
_________________
4. strong
______________
5. box
________________
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Using Words with Multiple Meanings Some words have multiple meanings or have more than one meaning depending on their use. The dictionary has all the information about words. The word call may be a verb or a noun. call kol v. 1. shout or cry out
called,
calling
2. read aloud like a list of names 3. summon 4. telephone n. 1. a loud cry or shout 2. a short social visit Fill in the blanks and answer the questions. The word call may be a ____________ or a ____________. If it is a verb, how many definitions are listed? _____________ How many definitions does it have if it is a noun? ____________ Write the number of the correct meaning of “call� in each of the following sentences. The accident victim called for help. ___________ The principal called for all class presidents. _____________ Please call me when you reach home. ______________ pin
pin
pinned,
pinning
n. 1. a piece of metal or wood, pointed at the end to fasten or put things together ____________ 2. a decoration fastened to clothing like a brooch______________ 3. one of the wooden pieces to be struck by a ball in bowling_________ YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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v. 1. fasten or make secure as in a pin_____________ 2. hold on Sentences Mom came to put my pinduring the scout investiture. How is the word pin used in the sentence? ___________ What is the meaning of pin? ___________________ We have to pin the edges of the cloth. Is the word pin used as a noun or verb? ______________ What does the word pin mean? ______________ Comprehension Skills Asking Relevant Questions to Comprehend the Text 1. What is the wind compared to in the poem? a. typhoon
b. story
c. song
2. Read the poem silently. Try to image you are the boy in the illustration. Encircle your answers to the questions. Can you feel the wind?
Yes
No
Can you see it?
Yes
No
Can you hear it?
Yes
No
Can you touch it?
Yes
No
Explain your answers. ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3. Even if you do not see the wind, you can feel it. What do you feel if the wind is like a soft gentle breeze? _________________________________________________________ YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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What do you feel if it is a very strong wind?
Lesson 1 Sentences A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. Every sentence has a subject and a predicate. The subject names a person, a things, or an idea. The predicate tells what the subject is or does. It expresses an action or a state of being. Complete Subject
Complete Predicate
Sue
ate two pretzels
The pretzels
were hard and salty
To find the subject, ask yourself who or what is doing something or being some way. To find the predicate, ask what is the subject doing or how is the subject being. To find a sentence, make sure there is a subject and a predicate. Which of these word groups are sentences? A. B. C. D.
The tall apple trees The apple tastes good My sister picked apples Were left in the bowl
You are right if you said that B and C are sentences. Each one expresses a complete thought. Each has a subject and a predicate. A and D are not sentences. They do not express complete thoughts. A doesn’t have a predicate. D doesn’t have a subject. Exercise 1 Tell which of these word groups sentences are. Tell which not sentences are. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Our class enjoyed its visit to the zoo A huge gray elephant Eating food from a bucket The lion was chewing a bone
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5. A cub is a baby lion 6. We couldn’t count the leopards spots 7. The giraffes’ long legs 8. The keeper fed the seals 9. Swimming under the water 10. I liked the monkeys best Exercise 2 Match a group of words in Column A with a group of words in Column B to make a sentence. Column A 1. 2. 3. 4.
Column B
At the circus, clowns Eight brown horses Several acrobats A baby elephant
a. galloped around the ring. b. wore funny costumes. c. raised its trunk d. walked on their hands
Practice Power Choose three of these topics. Write a sentence about each. a. b. c. d. e.
Clowns Tigers Crowd Lion tamer Acrobats
Lesson 2
Statements and Questions
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with punctuation mark. Some sentences tell things. A telling sentence is called a statement. A statement ends with a period. (.). There are many animals in the zoo. The lions are sleeping under a tree.
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Some sentences ask things. An asking sentence is called a question.A question ends with a question mark (?). Do you like to o to the zoo? What do the lions eat? Exercise 1 Rewrite the sentences. Add periods at the end of the statements. Add question marks at the end of questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Many people work at a zoo. What does a zoo veterinarian do Veterinarians take care of sick animals Do zookeepers feed the animals They feed the animals and clean the cages How do volunteers help at a zoo Some volunteers lead tour groups through the zoo Would you like to be a zookeeper
Exercise 2 Make statement or questions by matching the words in Column A with the words in Column B. Column A 1. 2. 3. 4.
Column B
How many uses Many people A lot of candy Peanut shells
a. enjoy peanut butter. b. are there for peanuts? c. can be used to make kitty litter. d. contains peanuts.
Exercise 3 Write an answer for each question. Make sure your answer is a complete sentence. Begin with My or I, as shown after each question. Put a period at the end of each sentence. Example: Do you like corn on the cob? (I) I like corn on the cob. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
How old are you? (I) Do you have any brothers or sisters? (I) What is your favorite sport or activity? (My) What is your favorite kind of ice cream? (My) Do you like pizza? (I) Do you have a pet? (I) How do you get to school? (I) What is your favorite holiday? (My)
Practice Power Write sentences about yourself. Tell about these things. The sentences may be statements or questions. 1. 2. 3. 4.
your favorite TV show a good book you’ve read a food you like a food you dislike
Lesson 3 Question Words A question- a sentence that asks for information-often starts with a question word. Some question words are who, when, where, what, why, and how.
Who is the president of the United States? When was the president elected? Where does the president live? What did the president say in the speech? Why is a president elected for four years? How do we elect a president?
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Exercise 1 Read each statement. Complete the question after each statement. Use who, what, when, where, why, or how. 1. The president lives in the White House. ________ lives in the White House? 2. The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. _______ is the White House located? 3. The first wedding at the White House was in 1812. _______ was the first wedding held in the White House? 4. Central heating was installed in the White House in 1835. ______ was installed in the White House in 1835? 5. The White House needed to be repaired because it was in bad condition. ______ did the White House need to be repaired? 6. By fixing only the inside of the building, workmen around 1950 kept its original look. _______ did workmen keep its original look? Exercise 2 Write a question for each of these statements. Begin with the word or words given after each statement. Put a question mark at the end of each questions. 1. The president and the cabinet meet in the Cabinet Room. (Where do) 2. John Adams and Abigail were the first residents of the White House. (Who) 3. The White House was first called the President’s House. (What was) 4. First Lady Abigail Fillmore started a library in the White House in 1850. (When did) 5. Presidents entertain important guest by holding state dinners. (How do) 6. Theodore Roosevelt hung moose heads in the State Dining Room. (What did) 7. The Oval Office was built in 1909. (When was) 8. Theodore Roosevelt built the West Wing. (Who) 9. The president’s staff works in the West Wing. (Who) 10. President Franklin D. Roosevelt named his Scottish terrier Fala, a Scottish word. (What did)
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Practice Power Think of a famous place, such s the George Washington Memorial, the Statue of Liberty, or the National Air and Space Museum. What would you like to know about that place? Write four questions. Use who, what, where, when, why, or how.
Lesson 4
Commands
Some sentences tell people what to do. These sentences are called commands. Directors for playing a game are examples of commands. Take your turn. Select a card. Roll the number cube. Go to the next green square. The subject of a command is you. The subject is not stated in most commands. A command end with a period (.). When you give a command, it is polite to use person’s name and please. Please do your homework, Katy. Open the window, please. Have seat right there. Follow me. Which of these sentences is command? a. b. c. d. e.
Have some ice cream, Gilly. He finished his cake. Unwrap your gift. Please blow out the candles. Are we going to play games?
You are right if you said that A, C, and D are commands. They tell someone what to do. Sentence B is a statement. Sentence E is a question. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Exercise 1 Change each sentence into command. Example: You can learn how fast water evaporates from a fruit. Learn how fast water evaporates from a fruit. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
You need to get three apples, a balance scale, and some weights. You have to leave one apple whole. You should peel one apple. You have to cut the third apple into slices. You should leave the three apples out on the table. You need to weight the apples every day for a week. You will find out how much water evaporates. You can try the experiments with other kinds of fruit.
Exercise 2 Write two commands for each of these three scenes. Remember to start each sentence with capital letter and end it with a period. 1. You are the owner of a pet store. Tell a customer how to care for a pet. 2. You are an art teacher. Tell the class how to draw a house. 3. You are a crossing guard. Tell the younger children how to cross the street safely. Practice Power Think of a game you like to play. Write four directions for playing the game. Use commands.
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Lesson 5 Exclamations Some sentences express strong or sudden emotion. These sentences are called exclamations. Exclamation express feelings such s wonder, respect, surprise, happiness, worry, or fear. What a lovely butterfly that is! How noisy the parrots are! Those tangled vines look like snakes! An exclamation ends with an exclamation point (!). Which of these sentences are exclamations? a. b. c. d. e.
What lives in the rain forest Mammals such as monkeys and jaguars live there This rain forest is amazing I’d love to live there Name two animals that live in the rain forest
You are right if you said that sentences C and D are exclamations. Each shows strong feeling. Sentence is question. Sentence B is a statement. Sentence E is a command. Exercise 1 Tell which sentences need exclamation points. Tell what punctuations marks the other sentences need. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
What a magical place the rain forest is Please stay on the path Kapok trees can grow 150 feet tall Oh, snakes really scare me Did you see that butterfly flutter How colorful the flowers are Can you hear the chirping birds We must save the rain forest
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9. Hurry, its starting to rain 10. Oh, no, I tripped on a root Exercise 2 Imagine you are an actor. Read each sentence aloud twice, once after the first stage direction (a) and again after the second stage direction (b). 1. What a huge banana split this is! a. You are very hungry. b. You just finished a big meal. 2. How friendly the kitten meal. a. You love cats. b. You’re allergic to cats. 3. Don’t go in the basement! a. You know there is a snake there. b. You don’t want your sister to see the surprise. Practice Power Think of these things that caused you to have strong feelings. Write a statement and an exclamation for each one. Start the exclamation with how. I passed the math test. How happy I was! I can’t find my puppy. How worried I am!
Lesson 6
Kinds of Sentences
What are the four kinds of sentences? A sentence can be a statement, a question, a command, or an exclamation. Kinds of Sentence What It Does Statement Tells something Question Asks something Command Give a direction Exclamation Expresses a strong or a sudden feeling
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End Mark Period (.) Question mark (?) Period (.) Exclamation point (!)
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Each of these four sentences is different kind of sentence. Can you name what kind each is? a. b. c. d.
Do you like cake Chocolate comes from cocoa beans Mix the batter What a delicious cake you made
You are right if you said that sentence is a question. It asks something. Sentence B is statement. It tells about something, chocolate. Sentence C is a command. It tells what to do. Sentence D is an exclamation. It expresses strong emotion-joy Exercise 1 Tell what kind each of the following sentences is. Tell what punctuation mark is needed at the end of each sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I like to make cookies Do we have chocolate chips We have all the ingredients What hard work stirring the dough is Don’t touch the hot stove When will the cookies be done The cookies smell great Please share the cookies with your sister
Exercise 2 Change each sentence to make it into sentence, a question, command, or an exclamation. 1. The banana bread is in the oven. a. Question b. Command 2. Wash your hands. a. Statement b. Question 3. Can you eat that huge slice? a. Command b. Exclamation
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Practice Power: You want tell a friend how to make cupcakes. Write four sentences, one of each type. Use the correct punctuation to end each sentence.
Lesson 7 Subjects A sentence has a subject and a predicate. The subject is who or what the sentence is about. The simple subject names the person, place, or thing that is talked about. The simple subject is usually noun. A complete subject is the simple subject and words that describe it or give more information about it.
Complete Subject
Complete Predicate
Mr. Aquino
dived into the water.
The swim team
practices Tuesday.
In the first sentence Mr. Aquino is the simple subject and also the complete subject. In the second sentence team is the simple subject. The swim team is the complete subject, because The and swim tell more about team. What is the complete subject in each of these sentences? a. b. c. d.
The boy did the backstroke Water splashed. The excited students cheered loudly. Our team’s swimmers won the meet.
Did you find these subjects? If so, you are correct. a. b. c. d.
The boy Water The excited students Our teams’ swimmers
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What is the simple subject of each of those sentences? If you said boy, water, students, and swimmers, you are correct. Each subject names a person or a thing. Exercise: Tell what the complete subject is in each sentence. 1. The swim team practiced every day. 2. Sarub wanted to join the team. 3. The coach watched Sarub in the pool. 4. The determined boy finished his last lap. 5. Other swimmers patted him on the back. 6. The team members welcomed him. 7. Athletes need to train for meets. 8. The crowd roared for our team. 9. Our team won! 10. A win always feels good. Exercise 2 Complete each sentence with a subject. Example: My friend clapped for the other team. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
____________ led the cheer. ____________ finished in first place. ____________ blew a whistle. ____________ looked nervous. ____________ was too close to call. ____________ swam two laps of the pool.
Practice Power: You are at a swimming pool. Write five sentences that describe what you see. Underline the complete subjects. Example: The children paddle in the shallow pool.
Lesson 8
Predicates
A sentence has a subject and a predicate. The predicates tell what the subject is or does. The simple predicate is a verb, which is the word or words YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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that express an action or a state of being. A complete predicate is the simple predicate and any words that describe it. Complete Subject Complete Predicate The twins cleaned their room. Kate folded all the laundry. In the first sentence cleaned is the simply predicate. In the second sentence folded in the simple predicate. What is the complete predicate in each of these sentences? a. b. c. d.
Mom dusted the shelves. Dad and Joseph washed the dishes. Maggie put her toys away. The house looked nice.
Did you find these predicate? If so, you are correct. a. b. c. d.
dusted the shelves washed the dishes put her toys away looked nice
What is the simple predicate of each of these sentences? You are correct if you said dusted, washed, put, and looked. These words tell what the subjects are or do. Exercise 1 Tell what the complete predicate is in each sentence. 1. Luis helps at home. 2. His dad gives him a list of chores. 3. Chad’s sister has jobs too. 4. She makes the beds. 5. The vacuum broke. 6. Mom fixed it. 7. Chad dusts the furniture. 8. He finds coins under the couch sometimes. 9. The house smells of lemons. 10. The family clears every week. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Exercise 2 Complete each sentence with predicate. Example: I take out the trash. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
I ________________. We ______________. Grandmother ___________. My friends ______________. The cleaning company ______________. Our kitchen _____________.
Practice Power: Do you help with chores/ write five sentences about what you do. Underline the complete predicates. Example: I wash windows.
Lesson 9 Combining Subjects and Predicates Two or more sentences in a paragraph may give information about the same subject. When this happens, you can often use the subject once and combine the predicates to make a single, smoother sentence. Two predicates joined by and, but, or or are called compound predicate. My tabby cat sits in the sun. my tabby cat purrs softly. These sentences give information about the same subject-My tabby cat. The predicates, however, are different-sits in the sun and purrs softly. The two sentences can be made into one sentence by using the subject only once and combining the two predicates with the word and. My tabby cat sits in the sun and purrs softly. You cn also combine two sentences when they have different subjects but the same predicate. My tabby cat plays with string. My kitten plays with strings. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Exercise 1 Combine the predicate to make one sentence. 1. The dogs barked. The dogs howled. 2. The doctor petted Rex. The doctor spoke quietly. 3. Rex looked sick. Rex rested his head on his paws. 4. The dog looked out of its cage. The dog barked at the cat. 5. The vet examined Rex. The vet gave him a shot. 6. Rex barked. Rex put his head down. Exercise 2 Combine the subjects to make one sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Rex was sick. Sparky was sick. Two dogs were in the waiting room. Two cats were in the witting room. A boy held big cape. A girl held big cage. Dr. Smith gave Rex a treat. I gave Rex a treat. The medicine helped Rex. Rest helped Rex. The vet checked on Rex. I checked on Rex.
Practice Power Use the words listed below to write two sentences. Each sentence should have either two subjects or two predicates. You can add words as needed. Subject:
dog
cat
parrot
canary
Predicates: growl
bark
purr
hiss
Chew
sing
chatter
fly
Perch chirp
lick
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Lesson 10
Combining Sentences
Combining sentences and sentence parts can help your writing read more smoothly. You use conjunctions when you combine sentences. Study the chart below to know when to use the conjunctions and, but, or or. and- connects ideas that are alike in some way but- connects ideas that are different or- connects ideas that give a choice What two sentences were combined to make these compound sentences? I’ll study music, or maybe I’ll play ball instead. The first word in the second part of the compound sentence does not being with capital letter unless it is I or the name of a person or place. For example, in the compound sentence above maybe does not start with a capital letter. Exercise 1 Match each sentence in Column A with a related sentence in Column B to make a compound sentence. Column A
Column B
1. Nonfiction books have facts, but a. people tidy still love to tell or red them. 2. Biographies are stories of people’s lives, and b. fiction books are made up. 3. Adventure stories have lots of action, and c. they are nonfiction books. 4. Folktales re old, but d. the action is often scary. Exercise 2 Combine each pair of short sentences with comma and the word andorbut to form compound sentence. 1. This book has many pages. I read it in a week. 2. Alex red Super Fudge. The funny story about two brothers made him laugh. 3. The mystery was exciting. Jenny couldn’t stop reading. 4. Katie likes horse. The Black Stallion is good book for her to red. 5. Rosa like reading mysteries. Cam Jansen is one of her favorite characters. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Practice Power: Think about a book you have read. Write five sentences about that book. Then combine two or more short sentences into compound sentences. Lesson 11 Avoiding Run-on Sentences A run-on sentence is one in which two or more sentences are put together the proper connector. Run-on sentences sometimes happen because two complete sentences are separated with only a comma. A run-on is fixed easily by adding and, but, or, or so after the comma to make a compound sentence. Run-on sentence: Compound sentence:
It rained, I stayed inside. it rained, so I stayed inside.
Which sentence is run-on? a. The sun came out, and I went outside. b. I have a raincoat, it is yellow. c. My umbrella is large. It keeps me dry. You are right if you said B. sentence B has two complete sentences run together and joined by only a comma. Sentence A is two sentence linked together with comma followed by the word and. Sentence A is correct because both the comma and the word and are included. C is correct because there re two separate sentences that have proper punctuation. Each sentence ends with a period. Exercise 1 Tell whether each sentence is a run-on or correctly combined sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Rain clouds rolled in, the sky turned dark. The teacher looked out the window, she frowned. The children must stay inside during recess, and they are sd. There is more to do outside, it is more fun.
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5. Some students play kickball, and some swing. 6. It’s not raining hard, we have raincoats. 7. You will get wet, you might catch cold. 8. It will be sunny tomorrow, and we will o outside. 9. I like sunny days best, Eric like rainy days. 10. In fact, Eric likes cold days, and he doesn’t like warm days. Practice Power: Rewrite the following long run-on sentence as several compound sentences. Write the sentences with capital letters and correct punctuation. The thunder clapped loudly, it shook the house, the little boy began to cry, and his mom said it was only a storm, he didn’t like the dark, she turned on a lamp, and the boy fell asleep, the light kept his brother awake.
Lesson 12 Nouns A noun is a word that names a person, a place, or a thing. If you were taking a trip, you might see many different persons, places, and things. Persons passengers pilot Mrs. Garcia
Place runaway shop Idaho
Things airplane tickets baggage
Which of these words names a person? 1. flight attendant 2. suitcase 3. East Coast You are right if you said A. flight attendant is noun that names person who works on an airplane. Suitcase is a noun that names a thin. East Cost is noun that names a place. In the following sentence can you tell whether each noun names a person, a place, or thing?
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Richard bought ticket to Los Angeles. You got it right if you said that Arnold names a person, ticket names a thing, and Los Angeles names a place. Can you think of other persons, places, and things? The words you think of re nouns. Exercise 1 Make three columns on a sheet of paper. Write Persons t the top of the first column. Places t the top of the second column, and thing at the top of the third column. Write each noun in the correct column. 1. propeller 2. travel agency 3. restaurant 4. guidebook 5. Los Angeles 6. tour guide 7. map 8. Janine 9. bus driver 10. food 11. captain 12. hotel 13. city 14. boat 15. museum
Practice Power: Pretend you are going on a trip. Write one sentence for each of the following: (1) Name a person who would go with you. (2) Tell about a place you would visit. (3) Describe something you would take. Underline all the nouns.
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Lesson 13 Common Nouns and Proper Nouns A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing. A common noun names any one member of a group of persons, places, or things. In these two lists, which are common nouns and which are proper nouns? Column A
Column B
teacher
Mrs. Filippo
student
Javier
day
Monday
holiday
Labor Day
book
The Giving Tree
town
Chicago
planet
Jupiter
The noun in Column A name one member of a group of person, places, or things. They are common nouns. The nouns in Column B bane specific persons, places, or things. They are proper nouns. Many proper nouns have more than one part, such s Elm Street and the Poppy Popcorn Company. Generally, every part of proper noun begins with a capital letter. Exercise 1 Tell whether each of the following nouns is a common noun or a proper noun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Benjamin Franklin president Atlantic Ocean athlete Richard Aquino river
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7. Ireland 8. state 9. confident 10. Mickey Mouse 11. Abraham Lincoln 12. TV show 13. Sesame Street 14. country 15. inventor 16. Indiana Exercise 2 Name a proper noun for each common noun. Example:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Common noun
Proper Noun
neighbor
Mrs. Ahmed
friend state movie grandmother street restaurant song country
Practice Power Write sentences with nouns to answer these questions. Follow the directions. 1. Where do you live? Tell a fact about your town. 2. What street do you live on? Describe how it looks.
3. What is the name of a neighbor? Tell one interesting fact bout that neighbor.
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Lesson 14 Singular Nouns and Plural Nouns A singular noun tells about one person, place, or thing. A plural noun tells about more than one. I have one book. (singular) Our library has many books. (plural) The plural of most nouns is formed by adding –s to the singular. Singular
Plural
chapter
chapters
house
houses
Ford
fords
The plural of noun ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh is formed by adding –es to singular. Singular
Plural
Singular
glass
glasses
peach
box
boxes
buzz
buzzes
Plural peaches
wish
wishes stitch
stitches
Which of these nouns are plural? a. Bushes
b. frogs
c. bug
You are right if you said that bushes and frogs are plural nouns. Bushes means more than one bush. Frogs means more than one frog. Bug is singular and means one bug.
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Exercise 1 Tell whether each underline word is a singular or a plural noun. 1. The family went to the ocean. 2. They liked visiting beaches. 3. The waves were really big. 4. Mom read a magazine 5. John built castles in the sand. 6. A gull flew overhead. 7. Shells washed up on the shore. 8. Lily put them in a box. 9. She put the box in her room. 10. The box sits by her jar of coins. Exercise 2 Write the plural for each singular noun. 1. pencil 2. dish 3. grape 4. ditch 5. guess 6. mix 7. race 8. mitten 9. match 10. Monday 11. ring 12. pillow 13. June 14. ax 15. watch Practice Power Write four sentences about oceans. Underline all the nouns and tell if they are singular or plural. Write a 5 above singular noun and a P above each plural noun YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Lesson 15 More Plural Nouns To make most nouns plural, you only need to add –s or es to the singular form of the nouns. Some nouns that end in y are different. To form the plural of noun ending in a consonant followed by y, change the y to I and add –es Singular
Plural
baby
babies
country
countries
sky
skies
galaxy
galaxies
What is the correct plural form of the word puppy? a. puppys b. puppies c. puppyes If you said B, you are correct. The word puppy ends in a consonant followed by y. to make it plural change the y to I and add-es Singular
Plural
monkey
monkeys
day
days
Kelley
Kelleys
boy
boys
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Exercise 1 Find the noun in each sentence. Tell whether each noun is singular or plural. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Puppies frequently try to catch their own tails. My kitten likes to play with a mouse. That bunny has a fluffy tail. Guppies swim in the pond. Our cats like to sit on the couch. The bluebird eats the wild blackberries. Dad told stories about his many animals. Jamie called the dog.
Exercise 2 Write the plural for each singular noun. Example:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Singular
Plural
army
armies
country hobby Frey key cherry play daisy toy
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
Practice Power Use each of these words in a sentence. puppies
cities
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Lesson 16
Irregular Plural Nouns
The plurals of some nouns look somewhat different from their singular forms. These irregular plurals are not formed by adding –s or –es to the singular forms. You should memorize their irregular plurals. If you forget how to spell an irregular plural, you can look it up in a dictionary.
Singular
Plural
ox
oxen
child
children
tooth
teeth
foot
feet
mouse
mice
woman
women
goose
geese
Some nouns that have irregular plurals have the same form in the plural as in the singular. Singular sheep
Plural sheep
deer
deer
fish
fish
Chinese
Chinese
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Exercise 1 Tell whether each noun is singular or plural. Some nouns may be both singular and plural. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
geese child mouse teeth oxen sheep deer women
Exercise 2 Complete each sentence with the plural of the noun in parentheses. 1. They _____________ went to the nature center. (child) 2. They fed the _________________. (goose) 3. Some animals had sharp __________. (tooth) 4. The _______________ pulled a cart. (ox) 5. We saw ______________ roaming in a field. (deer) 6. The _____________were white and woolly. (sheep) 7. A dozen ______________ shared a cage. (mouse) 8. Several ____________ fed the animals daily. (woman) 9. There are four nature ___________ in our city. (center) 10. When I grow up, I want to take care of _________ in my job. (animal) Practice Power Use the following words to write a short story about a make-believe situation. mouse
mice
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children
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Lesson 17 Singular Possessive Nouns The possessive form of a noun shows possession, or ownership. I walked to a neighbor’s house. Flower grows in Amy’s garden. To form the singular possessive, which is ownership by one person or thing, add an apostrophe and the letter s (-s) to a singular noun.
Singular
Singular Possessive
friend
friend’s
Pat
Pat’s
bird
bird’s
Mr. Storm
Mr. Storm’s
Tess
Tess’s
What is the correct way to show that the following things belong to Susan? rake
hose
seeds
You are right if you said Susan’s rake. Susan’s hose and Susan’s seeds. By adding apostrophe and s (-‘s) to the noun Susan, you show that the rake, the hose, and the seed belong to her. Exercise 1 Rewrite each of the following to show possession. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
The gardener planted a flower. Mr. Shim has a rake. The helper found a watering can. The bee has a sting. A butterfly has colors. The rabbit was given a carrot. The child has a hoe. Gary bought roses.
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Exercise 2 Write the singular nouns in parentheses in their possessive forms. Tell what the owner possesses. Example: Rabbits ate ______ lettuce. (mom) mom’s lettuce 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
We helped dig ______________ garden. (Peter) I picked my _________________ strawberries. (grandmother) ____________ vegetables grew quickly. (Buzz) The _____________ rays beat down. (sun) The __________ plants grew tall. (gardener)
Practice power: Look around you. What things do you see? Write five sentences telling who owns those things or what they belong to. Use singular possessive nouns in your sentences.
Lesson 18 Plural Possessive Nouns A plural possessive shows that more than one person owns something. To form the plural possessive of most nouns, first make the singular noun plural. Then add an apostrophe after the –s of the plural form. Mom washed the girls’ bicycles. Daddy tripped over the babies’ toys. Singular
Plural
Plural Possessive
girl
girls
girl’s
baby
babies
Smith
Smiths
babies’
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Which is the plural possessive of sister? My ________ bedroom is full of toys. a. sister b. sister’s c. sisters’ You are right if you said that C is the plural possessive. When an apostrophe is added to the word sisters,, it means the bedroom belong to two or more sisters.
Exercise 1 Complete the chart with the plural form and the plural possessive from for each noun. Singular 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
boy Mann student gerbil puppy fox
Plural
Plural Possessive
_______________ ________________ pets _______________ ________________ homes _______________ ________________ gerbils _______________ ________________ wheel _______________ ________________ food _______________ ________________ cage
Exercise 2 Write the possessive from of each underlined plural noun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
The fans applause was loud. Theplayers uniforms were blue and gold. The runnerstop speeds were amazing. The vendors hotdogs were very good. The cheerleaders voice could be heard throughout the gym. All the marching bands performances were great! The drummers drums were really huge! The singers voices rang out clear and strong.
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Practice power; Write the plural possessive forms of the following nouns. Use each possessive word in a sentence. astronaut lady
bee
Lesson 19
swimmer
Irregular Plural Possessive Nouns
The plural forms of irregular nouns do not end in –s. Words such as men, women, and children are irregular plurals To form the plural possessive of irregular nouns, add an apostrophe and the letter s (-s) to the plural form of the word. Singular
Plural
ox
oxen
oxen’s
mouse
mice
mice’s
man
men
men’s
goose
Plural Possessive
geese’s
geese
woman
women
women’s
man
men
men’s
Exercise 1 Write the plural form of each irregular noun in parentheses. Then make the plural form into a plural possessive. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
____________________ _______________ cheese (mouse) ____________________ _______________ enamel (tooth) ____________________ _______________ tails (ox) ____________________ _______________ tracks (deer) ____________________ _______________ uniforms (policewoman)
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Exercise 2 Write each group of words. Insert missing apostrophe to show plural possession. Be careful! Some words are regular plurals, and some words are irregular plurals. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
womens purses ladies dresses childrens backpacks scarves from sheeps wool mens suits jackets filled with geeses feathers boys shoes girls hats
Practice Power: Draw a map of one floor of a department store. Put labels on the different section. Use apostrophes in your labels. Use the phrases in Exercise 2 to help you.
Lesson 20
Collective Nouns
A noun that names a group of things or people is called a collective noun. A flock of geese is flying overhead. The collective noun flack names a group of animals considered together as a unit. Here are some common collective nouns: audience
club
flock
pack
army
crew
group
pair
band
crowd herd
class
family
swarm litter
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A collective noun usually uses an action word that ends in –s in the present tense. The band plays Our club runs. The class takes field trips. Which sentence include collective nouns/ a. My family is large. b. The judge spoke loudly. c. The crowd rushed forward. You are right if you said sentence A and sentence C. family and crowd are collective nouns. Each names a group. Judge names one person. Exercise 1 Find the collective noun or nouns in each sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
The class wrote a play. The drama club made some scenery. A flock of birds was painted on a curtain. A small band played music before the play. The family was lost in the woods. A pack of wolves howled in the distance. A group of scouts led the family to safety. The audience stood and applauded at the end of the play.
Practice Power: Choose three collective nouns from page 354 and write a sentence for each. Example: The team won the race.
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Lesson 21 Nouns as Subjects A noun may be used as the subject of a sentence. The subject tells what the sentence is about. It tells who or what does something.
Artists draw and paint picture. Points can be messy. Zoe is an artist.
In the first sentence artists is a noun that tells who draws and paints. In the second sentence paints is a noun that tells what can be messy. In the thirds sentence Zoe is a noun that tells who is an artist. Which noun is the subject in this sentence? Zack takes photos. What noun is the subject in this sentence? His photos include animals. You are right if you said that Zack is the subject of the sentence. Zack tells who takes photos. Photo is a noun, but it is not the subject. Exercise 1 Find the noun subject in each sentence. Ask who or what is doing the action to help you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
The teacher announced the start of art period. Sam looked happy. Anita traced shapes on paper. Many children used easels to support their drawing pads. One spilled on the floor. Paint spilled on the floor. Towels soaked up the mess. The children displayed the completed pictures on the bulletin board.
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Exercise 2 Complete each sentence with noun. You may use other words likea orthe. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
_______________ took us to the art museum. _______________ hung on the walls. _______________ told us about some of the paintings. _______________ had a chance to draw pictures. _______________ did a lovely drawing of a tree in pencil. _______________ is a good artist.
Practice Power: Write a sentence for each topic below. Use a noun as the subject of each sentence. Underline the subject. a game to play
a movie to see
what to eat for lunch
a favorite color
Lesson 22 Words used as Nouns and Verbs Many words can be used both as noun and as verbs. Check closely how a word is used in a specific sentence. The word walk, for example, can be used as a noun or as an action word, a verb. I walk to the store Let’s go for a walk. In the first sentence walk is used as a verb. It shows action. In the second sentence walk is used as a noun. It is a thing. Tell how the word talk is used in these sentences. In which sentence is it a verb? In which sentence is it a noun/ a. Can we have a talk? YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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b. We talk on the phone often. You are right if you said talk is used as a noun in sentence A and as a verb in sentence B. in the first sentence talk is a things. In the second sentence talk is an action. The word sails is another word that can be used as a noun or verb. Can you tell which is in these sentences? a. My uncle sails in the navy. b. The sails filled with air. You are right if you said it is used as a verb in sentence. A and as a noun in sentence B. Exercise 1 Tell whether the underline word is used as a noun or as a verb. 1. Will you watch the baby? 2. The watch has a leather band. 3. Birds fight over a worm. 4. The children had a fight over the game. 5. Joggers run everyday 6. He went for a run. 7. A crowd gathered around the accident. 8. The fans crowd the singer. 9. The class is putting on a play. 10. Some students play astronauts. Practice Power: Think of other words that can be used as nouns and as verbs. Choose one word that hasn’t been used in Exercise 1 or 2. Write two sentences, one using the word as a noun and one using it as a verb.
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Lesson 23 Pronouns A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. A personal pronoun refers to the person who is speaking or to the person or a thing is spoken to or about. Study the list of personal pronouns and read the sentences below them. I she he it
me mine we us ours her hers they them theirs him his you its
Fred watches the bears. He watches the bears. In the second sentence the pronoun he takes the place of the subject Fred.
Pronouns help to avoid repeating nouns, and they make your writing sound smother. Read this paragraph.
Black bears are one kind of bear. Black bears weigh about 300 pounds. The largest black bear ever sighted was in Wisconsin. The largest black bear weighted 802 pounds. Now read the paragraph with pronouns. What pronouns can you find? What word does each pronoun replace? Black bears are one kind of bear. They weight about 300 pounds. The largest black bear ever sighted was in Wisconsin. It weighed 802 pounds. You are right if you said that they in the second sentence takes the place of black bears in the first sentence and tat it in the fourth sentence takes the place of black bear in the third sentence. Exercise 1 Find all the personal pronoun in these sentences. Some sentences have more than one pronoun. 1. You can see bears at Yellowstone national Park. 2. They are called grizzly bears. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I saw one grizzly bear when I was hiking. We watched it from far away. The park ranger told me that the bears could be dangerous. He said to avoid them. I listened to him. A bear’s strength is music greater than ours.
Exercise 2 Use personal pronouns to take the place of the underlined word or words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Polar bears live in the Arctic. A polar bear can weight more than 1, 000 pounds. Richard, Michael, and Dennise saw polar bears at the zoo. The zookeeper, Eva, gave a fish to the biggest bear. Richard gave another fish to a baby bear.
Practice Power: Tell about bears you have seen at zoo, on TV, or in the movies. Write four sentences. Use a pronoun in each one.
Lesson 24 Subject Pronouns Some personal pronouns may be used as the subject of a sentence. These are called subject pronouns. I dance. He dances. We dance. In these sentence, I,he, and we are subject pronouns. The subject tells what the sentence is about. It tells who or what does something. Here is a list of the subject pronouns. Singular I you he, she, it YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Exercise 1 Find the subject pronoun in each sentence. 1. Greta and I take jazz dance lessons together. 2. She dances on her toes. 3. We danced the Hokey Pokey. 4. It is a fun dance! 5. He taps his feet. 6. They clap to the music. 7. Does he dance well? 8. I like dancing.
Exercise 2 Use a subject pronoun to take the place of the underlined word or words. 1. The students know many dances. 2. Mrs. Kim planned a dances-from-around-the-world day. 3. Richard can do the polka. 4. Margarita and I did the Macarena for the class. 5. Max danced the czardas, a Hungarian folkdance. 6. Hannah showed an Indian dance called kathak. 7. Eillenand Patrick did a jig. 8. Greta waltzed to pretty Vienese music.
Practice Power: Think about a time when you danced or saw people dancing. Write four sentences about dancing. Use subject pronouns in one or more sentences. Underline the pronouns.
Lesson 25 Object Pronouns Some personal pronouns may be used after an action verb in a sentence. They are called object pronouns. The teacher asked David a question. The teacher asked him a question. the noun David comes after the action verb. It is an object in the sentence. It can be replaced with the object pronoun him.
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Here is list of the object pronouns. Singular Plural me us you you him, her, it them Which one of these sentences uses an object pronoun? a. He is interested in the stars. b. They are interesting. c. The stars interest me. You are right if you said sentences C. Me is the object of the sentence. It comes after the action verb, interest. Me is an object pronoun. Which pronouns can take the place of the underlined words in these sentences? a. The guide told Jane about the star map. b. She hung the map on the wall.
You are right if you said her in the first sentence and it in the second sentence. Exercise 1 Find the object pronoun in each sentence. 1. Mr. Kovach told us about the features of the moon. 2. My friend lent me a telescope. 3. I borrowed it for the lunar eclipse. 4. Tell us about the eclipse. 5. The eclipse amazed him. 6. Swamis gave them a report on the eclipse. 7. The class liked it. 8. They told her about the nature of a lunar eclipse. Exercise 2 Use an object pronoun to take the place of the underlined word or words. 1. Tell Jonah and me about the moon landing. 2. Neil Armstrong reached the moon’s surface. 3. A small ship took Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the moon. 4. People watched the moon landing on television. 5. People saw Neil Armstrong on the moon. 6. Astronaut’s interest Chelsea. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Practice Power: Write four sentences about the moon or the astronauts. Use objects pronouns in some of your sentences. Underline the object pronouns you used. Lesson 26 Possessive Pronouns A possessive pronoun shows who or what owns something. A possessive pronoun takes the place of a noun. It takes the place of both the person who owns the thing and the object that is owned.
Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs are the possessive pronouns. Noun Phrases My bicycle is here. Our bicycle is here Your bicycle is here. Brandon’s bicycle is here. Nina’s bicycle is here That is Lisa’s bicycle.
Possessive Pronouns Mine is here. Ours is here. Yours is here. His is here. Hers is here. That is hers.
In each sentence above, the noun and the person or thing that possesses it are replaced by a possessive pronoun. Possessive pronouns can be used as subject, and they can be used in other parts of a sentence. Exercise 1 Find the possessive pronoun in each sentence. 1. Hers is the red one. 2. What color is yours? 3. Mine has a bell. 4. Yours is bigger than my bicycle. 5. We keep ours at the bicycle rack during school. 6. Theirs are 10 speeds. 7. His is a mountain bike. 8. They rode theirs on the path.
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Exercise 2 Change each sentence so that it has a possessive pronoun. Use the pronoun in place of the underlined words. Example:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Malia’s bicycle is missing. Hers is missing.
My bicycle has a basket. The tandem is Mickey and Mary’s bicycle. Where is your lock? My bicycle and my sister’s bicycle have flags. Doug’s bicycle is the fastest.
Practice Power: Choose three objects of varying types, either in the classroom or at home. Write sentences with possessive pronouns for each of the subject. Underline the possessive pronouns. Example: My sister and I have raincoats. Mine is red. Hers is blue.
THE WORLD IN WHICH I LIVE The Legend of Ha Long Bay What is a legend? How do stories help explain about places?
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A long time ago, the people of Vietnam had to defend their land from invaders. They were powerless against their enemies, to the Jade Emperor sent Mother Dragon and her children to save Vietnamese. The dragons flew swiftly down from heaven, creating strong winds that roared against the ears of enemy. Mother Dragon and her children spat out pearls and emeralds that fell into the sea. These precious stones immediately turned into many mountains and hills that serve as wall. The enemy ships could
not pass through, and many were smashed against the sides of the mountains. The invaders fell into the deep, cold sea never to bother the Vietnamese people again. When the battle was over Mother Dragon and her children decided to stay for they liked the beautiful green islands that they had created. They loved the fresh scent of the sea air and the taste of the salty fish they caught. The place where Mother Dragon stayed was called Vin Ha Long or Ha Long Bay (Bay of the Descending Dragon) and the place where the children stayed was called BaiTu Long.
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How well did you read? 1. Why did the Vietnamese need help from the Jade Emperor? _________________________________________________________ 2. What solution did the family of dragons come up with to help the Vietnamese? ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 3. Why do you think did the invaders want to take over the land of the Vietnamese? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Supplying Words that fall Into Conceptual Categories In the table below write two (2) words that fall under category. An example has been given for each category. Mythical Creatures Example dragon Your own examples 1. ___________ 2. ___________
Body of water
Sailing Vessel
Nationality
Example sea Your own examples 1. ___________ 2. ___________
Example ship Your own examples 1. __________ 2. ___________
Example Vietnamese Your own examples 1. __________ 2. __________
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Giving an appropriate Ending In “The legend of Ha Long Bay” the children of Mother Dragon stayed in BaiTu Long. This is the same place where Mother Dragon parted with her offspring. What is the meaning of the phrase, parted with her offspring? You may use your dictionary to find out the meaning of the difficult words. Once you know the full meaning of the sentence answer the following question. How do you think did the story end? What would Mother Dragon do? What do you think would happen to her children? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ____________. LEARN GRAMMAR AND USAGE Adverb of Time Adverb of Time tells when an action or event happened. It may also tell how long an action or event happened. Adverbs of time that answer the question “When?” can indicate whether an action is in the past, present, or future or it can be indefinite. WHEN Past Yesterday Last year The other day Last week Long ago
Present Now Today Tonight At present Currently lately
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Future Tonight The day after Tomorrow Soon Next Saturday
Indefinite Before After Early Late As soon as possible
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The following are examples of adverbs of time that show how long since an action has occurred. All day For a w eek
How Long not long for a while for several years
since for a long time
Adverbs of time tell when an action happens or how long since an action has happened. Examples: 1. I shall rest at home today. 2. Tomorrow, Mother will bring me to the doctor. 3. I have been coughing all day. PRACTICE A. Identify the adverb of time in each sentence. The adverb of time may or may not be found in the tables of examples given previously. 1. A long time ago, the people in Vietnam were threatened by invaders. 2. For a long time, they could not do anything. 3. During these days times, their crops and houses were destroyed. 4. Mother Dragon stayed with her children and left after. 5. Mother Dragon stayed in the island for a while. 6. Mother Dragon left her children at BaiTu Long and she has not been since. 7. We had a very difficult test last week. 8. I returned your notebook the day before yesterday. 9. Next year, I shall be in fourth grade! 10. Have I seen you before? B. Fill in the blanks with the correct adverbs of time to make sentences complete. Choices in the box below are to be used only once.
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Today Soon
now early
lately as soon as possible this summer for a week since then tonight
1. I shall see you _________________________. 2. Can we go _________________________? 3. Is it your birthday __________________________? 4. I need to finish my homework _____________________________? 5. My grandmother has been very sick _____________________. 6. I borrowed his book and I have not see him ____________________. 7. I went to school ____________, and the classroom was not yet open. 8. I shall watch cartoons _____________________ after I finish my homework. 9. Mr. Ramirez has been absent _____________ since he is sick. 10. I am so excited! We shall go to Disneyland ____________________!
LITO LEARNS A BIG LESSON What are the “little things” we do that harm our planet? LitlleLito was happy-go-lucky little boy. All he wanted to do was play. At home he did not doing chores. “Lito please go and throw out the garbage. “his mom would say everyday. Make sure that the green bag goes into the the black waste bin. Are you listening? This is important! YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Yes, yes, he would say but his mind was full of his computer games. He would not care that he had placed all the bags in the same waste bin. When one bag fell on the side of the road, he would not even bother to pick it up. Then the stray dogs would come and tear the bag apart like prey. In school he did not like listening to his science teacher. You can do your part in protecting earth. You can start by recycling and planting trees. Pooh! Little Lito would say. What can one small person do for a large place like Earth? So during one tree- planting activity, he hid instead behind the
stool shed and played his PSP. Everywhere he went, he threw his candy wrapper anywhere! Hey little boy the street sweeper said, you should look for a garbage can or just place the wrapper in your pocket. Little Lito just laughed and ran away while the street sweeper was left to clean his mess. Little Lito simply did not care.
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Aaahh..but he did not know that he was being watched. Someone saw everything that he did, and she was getting hurt. She was also starting to get angry. She tried talking to Lito through his parents, his teachers and even street BUT Lito WAS deaf. One night when Lito was sleeping in his garbage dump of a room, he had a dream. He was crossing a river, carrying a garbage can marked with three white arrows forming a triangle. He could not remember what the sign meant, even if they had learned it in Science class. The bin was getting heavier, so he dumped all the garbage into the river. See he said to himself. Nothing happened why should I care about how and anywhere I dump my garbage? He starts to walk away, but then he heard a mighty rush of water. The river was alive! It had the face of an angry Mother Earth. You have given clean water to drink and fresh air to breath and et this is how you treat me?. You had been taught the people around you, but you did not listen! she said angrily, she roared and she engulfed Little Lito with her cold wet hands. Nooooooo!!!! Little Lito sat up in his bed, breathing heavily. He knew it was not just any dream. He knew he had to change. He decided to start the next day when he would throw out the garbage. How well did you read? 1. What were the things that Lito did which were harmful to Earth? ________________________________________________________ 2. What do you think does the sign with three white arrows forming a triangle mean? ________________________________________________________ 3. Do you believe that the small things people do have a great effect on what happens to Earth? Provide some examples to prove your point. ________________________________________________________ YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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IDENTIFYING AND USING LANGUAGE CLUES THAT SIGNIFY CAUSE- EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS In the box below are different events. Organize these events to come up with the right pair of cause- effect relationships. The grass turned brown The building fell down The cat is very thin
CHOICES Its owners had not fed it for days. It was not built properly. It had not rained for many weeks
Cause
Effect
1. 2. 3.
LEARN GRAMMAR AND USAGE ADVERBS OF LOCATION An adverb of location answers the question, “WHERE?” It is usually found at the end of the sentence, but sometimes it is also located at the beginning of the sentence. The following sentences make use of adverbs of location. 1. He walked downstairs. 2. I shall read my book outside. 3. She will go there. 4. My neighbors vacation everywhere. 5. Here are the tickets. 6. There it was. The following is a list of adverbs of location
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About east, north, etc. OnAbove elsewhere out Abroad far outsideEverywhere here over Away in thereBack indoors under Behind inside up Below near upstairs Down nearby upstairsdownstairs PRACTICE A. Encircle the adverb of location in the following sentences. 1. My mother will soon be here. 2. It is raining, so we shall stay inside. 3. It is a good thing there is a grocery nearby. 4. The car is parked far from here. 5. Please come here. 6. Don’t worry; your computer is safe upstairs. 7. The balloon went up. 8. Card games are usually played indoors. 9. He can go everywhere he wishes. 10. My house is located east. B. “My Strange Adventure.” Below is a story about how a little boy met a friend. The paragraph however is not complete. You will need to place the correct adverb of location in order that the story may make sense. Use the words in the box below to fill in the blank. CHOICES Near away
everywhere down
downstairs inside
below outside
there Around
I woke up one day in a very strange way. To my gloom, I was not in my room! My fright I could not hide, because I was ___________! YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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I walked ________________. Oh what a nightmare! Then I met a bunny who handed me a carrot, Put it _____________ please” he said while pointing at a basket. He hopped towards me and I jumped _________ scared, surelY Come _____________ don’t fear , he said. I am a friendly rabbit. Would you like to see where I live? I looked at the camp ground, but there was no house ___________. Silly you and your stares, he said of course it’s __________________! Come with me. Don’t worry! Walk down these stairs and leave all your cares. It’s safe and warm ____________! I followed him ________ and I saw a nice little room with a little fire glow. Sit _______________ and sleep my friend, the rabbit said for no harm do I intend. And so I did I woke up suddenly instead to find myself in bed. C. Choose the correctly spelled adverb of location. Write the letter of your answer on the line before each umber. _________ 1.
a abroad
b. abrod
_________ 2.
a. anywere
_________3.
a. nowere
b. nowhere
_________ 4.
a. somewhere
b. somwhere
_________ 5.
a. undergrond
b. underground
_________ 6.
a. norh
b. nurth
_________ 7.
a. evrywhere
b. everywhere
b. anywhere
________ 8. a. neer
b. near
________ 9. a. downstairs
b. dawnstairs
________ 10.
a. around
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SPOT THE DIFFERENCE How much do you know about other places in the world?
Study the Christmas card. What is wrong with the Christmas card? Well a polar bear and a penguin could never be side by side on the ice unless they swim thousands and thousands of kilometers to meet each other. The truth is these two creatures are literally on opposite ends of the globe. Polar bears live in Arctic, while penguins live in the Antarctic. Where are these places located? The Arctic and the Antarctic are on the two poles of Earth. The Arctic or the North Pole is the northernmost part of the globe. The Antarctic on the other hand is the South Pole and is in the southernmost part of the globe. these two places have tons of ice, but they are actually very different.
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We already have begun talking about polar bears and penguins. Now let us mention the other critters that call these subzero places home. Seals, walruses, owls, and caribous live in arctic. On the other hand the Antarctic has seals and lots of penguins and not much else. So why are there moving living things in the Arctic? The Arctic is cold, but the Antarctic is much colder. The average Arctic temperature is -34 °C. On the other hand the average Antarctic temperature is -49°C and can get to be as low as -80°C! Brrr!! One more thing the Arctic is an ocean surronded by land, while the Antarctic is a continent completely covered by ice. These two places also differ in terms of the number of people you meet. The Eskimos that you often see on TV and in movies build their igloos in the Arctic. If you are the type o fperson who loves meetibng people, however I suggest you steer clear of the Antarcric. It can be a lonely place with only the YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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seals and penguins for company. If you are in luck, you get see scientists doing research once in a few months… or years. How well did you read? 1. In what way are the Arctic and the Antarctic similar? ________________________________________________________ 2. Enumerate three differences between the Arctic and the Antarctic. 3. Which place do you prefer visiting--- the Arctic or the Antarctic? Explain your choice. ________________________________________________________ A. Choose the best title for each of the paragraph indicated below. 1. Paragraph 3 a. Polar Bears and Penguins b. Polar Bears Live in the Arctic c. Where Do Polar Bears and Penguins Stay? 2. Paragraph 4 a. Arctic and Antarctic c. Antarctic on the South Pole 3. Paragraph 5 a. Animals b. Seals and Penguins c. Animals in the Arctic and the Antarctic 4. Paragraph 6 a. It’s Cold in the Arctic! b. Temperature in the Arctic and the Antarctic c. The Average Temperature in the Atarctic is -49°C YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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5. Paragraph 8 a. Meeting Other People b. It Is Very Lonely in the Antarctic c. People in the Arctic and the Antarctic LEARN GRAMMAR USAGE Adverb of manner answers the question “HOW?” It tells how an action is done or should be done. Adverbs of manner can be easily formed throgh the following ways. 1. by adding – lyat the end of an adjective Example: careful + ly= carefuly 2. changing – y to –ily Example: lucky= luckily 3. changing –able to –ably Example: adorable- adorably The following are some examples of adverb of manner. Angrily Beautifully Cheerfully Doubtly Easily Foolishly
gently hungrily innocently joyously kindly lazily
madly noisily obediently painfully quietly really
sadly truthfully unexpectedly victoriously wildly wisely
Adverbs of manner that end in –ly can come either before or after the verb. Examples: She gently carried her baby. She sings beautifully. There are some adverbs of manner, however that do not end in –lyand are always placed after the verb. These adverbs are well, hard, fast. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Examples: Lina danced well. I prayed hard that I would not fail. I can never run fast. PRACTICE A. Transform into an adverb the adjective found in the first sentence of each number. Write this adverb on the blank to complete the second sentence. 1. Yaya Auring is careful. She bathes the baby ____________________ 2. The turtle is slow. It walks __________________________. 3. Penguins are fast. They swim ______________________. 4. My classmates are quiet. They are studying ___________________. 5. John was happy. He skipped _______________ a while ago. 6. Rita is poor in Math. She does ______________ in the long exams. 7. The teacher is angry. She is talking _______________________. 8. Ron is naughty. He behaves _________________ before his neighbors. 9. Carl is hungry. He is looking _________________ at the cake. 10. Sean is quick. He _______________________ dresses up for school. B. All the words end in –ly so all you have to do is unscramble the base word. 1. RVBAE
_________________LY
2. SBIU
_________________LY
3. OTNEHS
________________LY
4. ETAN
________________LY
5. IOELTP
________________LY
6. INSIO
________________LY
7. DOPRU
_________________LY
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8. KUIQC
________________LY
9. GETN
________________LY
10. SWIE
_________________LY
THE LITTLE MERMAID How much are you willing to give up for the people you love? Once upon a time in the deepest part of the ocean there was a splendid palace where an old sea king lived with his five beautifl mermaid daughters. Sirenetta, the youngest daughter had a beautiful voice and loved to sing for all the sea creatures. What she loved the most however was to go up to the surface of the sea. On her fifteenth birthday she was finally allowed by her father. Before she went up, her father warned he. What you see up there is not our worls. You can only watch the men, but do not talk to them. They will only bring bad luck! Yes father, she said and with a flick of her tail , Sireneta shot up to the surface of the sea. Oh! It was beautiful! She saw the great sky and the red sun as it went down. She saw a start glimmering in the sky like jewels. Then she heard voices. She turned and saw a ship! The men were all exclaiming, Happy birthday!. By the light of the lamp SIrenetta saw the man celebrating his birthday. He was tall and handsome, and Sirenetta fell in love instantly. Later in the evening, SIrenetta noticed that the sea was becoming angrier. Look out! Sirenetta shouted, but no one heard her. She watched helplessly as all YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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the men including the one she had fallen inlove with, fell into the deadly sea. Sirenetta swam towards him and lifted his head out of the water. Sirenetta struggled for hours, and she was already getting tires. Finally, at dawn she spotted land and pushed the man safely towards the shore. She did not know what to do, but then she heard voices and she had to swim to deeper water. Who is it? Oh! It’s Pronce, she heard the three ladies cried when they saw the man lying on the beach. When the prince opened his eyes the first thing he saw was the lovely face of the youngest of the ladies. Thank you thank you for saving my life he said. Swimming back home, SIrenetta felt sad, for the prince did not know that she had saved his life. She also knew that a mermaid could never marry a human. But she had to go back and see him again. Only the witch of the Deep could help her. You want to get rid of your tail, eh? I suppose you want a pair of woman’s legs? the witched roared. It will not be eeasy for you, I warn you. every single step you take with those legs will be very painful. It doesn’t matter, Sirenetta cried as long as I could be with him.
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Of course in exchange for this spell, I want your voice. You will never be able to speak or sing again. the witch said. And by the way if the man you love marries another you can never turn back into mermaid. You will just turn into foam and disappear. This scared Sirenetta even more, but she remained brave and received the jar of potion. Sirenetta went back on shore and drank the potion. She felt so much pain that she fainted. When she woke up, she was in the palace. The prince was taking a walk at the beach rescued Sirenetta. From on, Sirenetta lived a new life. She staryed in the castle and spent much time with the prince. The prince grew fond of her, but he did not love her. All he could remember was the beautiful lady he was when he was rescued. One day a great ship arrived, and both the Prince and Sirenetta went down to the dock to greet the guests To the Princes joy, the lady who stepped out of the ship was the one he had always dreamed of. He ran towards her happily and when Sirenetta saw this she knew that all hope for her was lost. Only after a few weeks, the Prince ans the lady were married. Sirenetta’s heart was broken and she could not even tell anyone. She went down to the same beach where she first became human. She stepped into the water ans she slowly turned into foam. Just at the moment when she thought she would disappear forever, she felt herself lifted up and she heard voices. Come with us SIrenetta! Who are you? She asked finally regaining her voice. Where am I? You are with us in the sky. You will not disappear and be lost forever. Because of your great sacrifice of love, your reward is to be with us, the fairies of air. Greatly touched! she looked down the castle where her prince was and said good-bye.
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How well did you read? 1. Why was Sirenetta willing to feel pain and to lose her voice? ________________________________________________________ 2. Why was SIrenetta given a reward in the end? ________________________________________________________ 3. Why do you think sis Sirenetta not tell the Prince that it was she who had rescued him? ________________________________________________________
USING ENGLISH TO DESCRIBE PERSONS, PLACES AND EVENTS The words in the box below describe the characters, setting and scenes from fairy tale,”Little Mermaid”. Find out what each of the words mean. Smitten Courageous
deadly
moving
scenic
cheery
scary
1. Sirenetta: __________________________________ 2. Prince: __________________________________________ 3. Witch: ___________________________________________ 4. Sea: ______________________________________________ 5. Beginning of the story: _________________________________________ 6. Ending of the story: ________________________________________________
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USING GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS IN COMPAIRING AND CONTRASTING Jacob First child Librarian Studied law Never married Teacher Died of a sickness
Wilhelm Librarian Got married Died of an infection Second child Studied law teacher
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING MEDIA SOURCES SUCH AS BOOK AND FILM VERSIONS OF A STORY
LITTLE MERMAID BY THE GRIMM BROTHERS DIFFERENCES ___________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
LITTLE MERMAID (DISNEY VERSIONS) ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
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SIMILARITIES ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ _______________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ _______________________________
READING AND SPELLING ONE- TO TWO-SYLLABLE WORDS WITH COMSONANT TRIGRAPHS (SPL, SPR, STR) spl splash split splees splendid splurge
spr Sprain Spread Spree Sprout spry
str Strain Strand Stress Stroll strum
Think of other words that start with spl, spr, and str. Write your answers the table below. spl 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________
spr 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________
str 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________
LEARN GRAMMAR AD USAGE Adverbs of Frequency answer the question “How often?” Adverbs of frequency may be definite or definite. Definite means “exact” and indefinite means “not exact.”
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Here are some examples of definite and indefinite adverbs of frequency. Definite: daily monthly
weekly
yearly
everday
every second
hourly
once
twice
twice a year
once a minute
three
times Indefinite: often seldom
sometimes
rarely
always
frequently
never regularly
Sample Sentences 1. My family and I watch a movie every week. 2. I visit the dentist regularly.erb of frequency in the right place. Write 3. I never watch horor movies.
A. Put the adverb of frequency in the right place. Write your complete sentence on the line provided. 1. He watches television. (often) _________________________________________________________ 2. He reads a book. (sometimes) _________________________________________________________ 3. Sheila likes cooking, so she helps her mom in the kitchen. (usually) _________________________________________________________ 4. Do you know that it rains in the Atacama Desert?(never) _________________________________________________________ 5. The weather is bad in June. (always) _________________________________________________________
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6. We go abroad. (yearly) _____________________________________________________ 7. Mrs. Cruz gives a quiz. (every day) _________________________________________________________ 8. I like playing soccer. (every Saturday) _________________________________________________________ 9. When Jim is allowed by his parents, he stays up at all night.(sometimes) _________________________________________________________ 10. I have been at the hospital. (once) ________________________________________________________
B. How often do you usually accomplish your routines? How Often Do You…..?
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Arrange the following adverbs based on frequency. Choices Rarely Seldom Usually Occassionally Always Never Frequently Sometimes often
Percentages
Answers (adverb of frequency)
1. 100% of the time 2. about 90% of the time 3. about 80% of the time 4. about 70% of the time 5. about 50% of the time 6. about 40% of the time 7. about 20% of the time 8. about 10% of the time 9. about 00% of the time
MAKING MUSIC IN THE DESERT What can music do for us? Do you like listening music? Who are your favorite bands or singers? Why do you like listening to their music? In relation to music, YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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have you heard of the names Tuareg, Ibrahim Ag Alhabib, and Tinariwen? have you heard the place called Mali? Mali is a country in Africa and within Mali is a huge beautiful desert. This is where our story about Tinariwen begins. Many years ago, in a small town in Mali, a four year- old boy named Ibrahim Ag Alhabib lost his father in a war, and he became very lonely. One day Ibrahim was watchng a movie about cowboys and one of them was carrying a guitar. Ibrahim then built his own guitar, using astick a tin can and wire. He did not care that it was not a real guitar. He started playing the songs of his people, the Tuareg. Music became his comfort. It turned out that he would need the comfort of his music even when as he grew older. Ibrahim and his fellow Tuareg had to leave their country because too much fighting in their land. Ibrahim then grew up as a refugee in other countriess, and he missed his desert home sorely. Away from home Ibrahim met other people who loved music just like him. They started playing for parties and weddings and the people called their group Kel Tinariwen, which means “people from the desert.� Because Ibrahim and his fellow musicians wanted to preserve their Tuareg culture they became rebels themselves fighting against powerful people who wanted to take over their land. For many years the mebers of the band Tinariwen alternately held a gun and a guitar. They fought for their country and they sang about what they had experienced too. Ibrahim returned to his beloved desert- 26 years after he ahd left it. Ever since 1992, Ibrahim and his band Tinariwen have focused on music only. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Nowadays Tinariwen is known alal over the world. They travel to different countries to share their experiences and their love for their desert home through music. Recently the band won an award during the 54th Grammy Awards
How Well did you read? 1. How did music help Ibrahim through difficult times? _________________________________________________________ 2. Why did Ibrahim and his band mated have to become rebels? ________________________________________________________ 3. Why do you think is the desert special to Ibrahim and the Tuareg? _______________________________________________________ A. Complete the following sentences by providing the words asked for. 1. Tinariwen plays ___________________ (adjective) music. 2. The ________________ (proper noun) are people who live in the desert. 3. Ibrahim made __________________ (pronoun) first guitar. 4. Other than your voice you need ________________ (common noun) to make music. 5.Tinariwen has _______________________ (verb) in other countries. 6. By practicing _______________________ (adverb) Ibrahim was able to learn quickly how to play the guitar.
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B. Identify whether each is reality or fantasy. Write R if it is reality and F if it is fantasy. ____________ 1. I saw a lungfish in the desert. It buried itself in the mud. ____________ 2. The camel looked at Jim and said,”Hop on!” ____________ 3. The kangaroo rat survive in the desert without drinking water. ____________ 4. I opened my eyes and I saw a deer with wings flyng in to rescue me from the seset. ____________ 5. During winter, the ountains in the Sahara desert are covered with snow. ___________ 6. Camels can go for days without food or water. ___________ 7. At night, when desert still , the desert spirits start wandering around.
LEARN GRAMMAR AND USAGE Most frequently used prepositions to indicate time Apreposition connects noun to other words in the sentence and shows the relationship between them. A noun always comes after preposition. Prepositions of Time USED TO INDICAE
AT
IN
ON
An exact time
Months, years Centuries, and Long periods
Days and dates
EXAMPLES:
At 1 o’ clock At noon At night At the moment At dawn At sunset
In March In summer In 2012 In the 20th century In the past In the future
On Saturday On March 26 On July 12, 1984 On Christmas day On your birthday On Mondays
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Other prepositions of time include for, until, during, and since followed by a noun of time or event. Prepositions of Time Used to Indicate….. Examples:
For
Until
A period of Length of time time For six years Until noon For two hours For a week
During
Since
An event
A period of time Since yesterday Since 1986
During Christmas holidays
PRACTICE A. On the blank in each sentence below, write the prepositions in, on, or at. 1. I talked to my sister working abroad _________ Tuesday. 2. We usually start classes ____________ the beginning of June. 3. My birthday is __________ August 6, 2002. 4. Vacation starts ___ March. 5. We woke up ___________ dawn to watch the sunrise. 6. _____________ summer I usual help Mother watch our store. 7. I still study ____________ weekends. 8. __________ the beginning there was only one man and one woman. 9. I can still hear the crickets ________ night. 10. I finished my homework __________ eight o’ clock last night. B. On the blank in each sentence below write the prepositions for, until, during or since. 1, Shiela will stay at her aunt’s place ___ three weeks. 2. I might study _________ tomorrow. 3. Someone was very noisy ___ the film viewing. 4. We have been waiting for the teacher ___ recess. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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5. Please come and visit me, for I shall be at home ___ next week. 6. Mother has been working in Italy _____ 2005. 7. I shall stay in a Boy Scout camp ____ five days! 8. _______ the war Ibrahim and his friends had to leave their home. 9. I was very hungry ____ our Science class. 10. I shall always love watching cartoons ___ I grow old.
I DO NOT WANT TO LOSE MY HOME How does it feel to lose one’s home?
My name is Anna and I live in one of the most beautiful places in the world. Every night I go to bed with the sound of the wves lulling me to sleep. Every morning a beautiful sunrise greets me. I can swim at the beach anytime I want, and eat fresh seafood when I wish. I feel really blessed to live by the sea. My island home is called
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Kiribati (pronounced ki-ri-bas). Actually you and I share the Pacific Ocean because Kiribati lies to the right of Pacific Ocean If you haven’t heard about my country it is probably because we are very small nation made up only of very small islands. Those tiny dots that you see on the globe make up Kiribati. We are not as large as China or America, where there are long and wide streets and tall buildings. Still I love my country and when I grow up I want to stay and work here. Lately, however we have been experiencing trouble. You see my family and I have moved our house three times already. We have move further and further inland because water is rising and land is being ended. The place is being eroded. The place where our first house used to stand is now covered with water. Father and Brother are outside right now trying to build a sea wall. A sea wall is made up of rocks and corals that the people in my town build around the houses so that sea water will not come inside during high tide. Mother is very worried that we may no longer have another place to move to once the seawater rises again. Many people in my country feel the same, even our President is very worried. Maybe you are asking, Why don’t you move to a higher place? Well, you see that is one bif problem about my country. For me to explain let us try to compare. The highest point in your country the Philippines is 9,692 feet. In Kiribati it is only 266 feet. These so-called high places are also very ver few. We do not have highlands like you have. We cannot run to a place like Baguio or Tagaytay. Scientists say that in 50 or more years, a big part of Kiribati will be underwater because of climate change and rising sea water. I feel very sad and afraid because when that time comes, I do not want to leave the place where I have grown up. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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How well did you read? 1. Why does Anna think that Kiribati is beautiful? _________________________________________________________ 2. Why is Anna feeling sad and worried about Kiribati? _________________________________________________________ 3. What do you think will happen to Anna and her family? _________________________________________________________ Describing Characters ANNA
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Pictorial Graphs (Pictographs) A pictograph is a way of showing information through symbols STUDY TIME Pedro
Juan
Rene
= 1 hour How long did each person study? Who studied the longest? Who studied the shortest?
MAPS Maps make use of symbols too. These are called map keys and they help us understand what the places in the maps are.
gas station
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park
sweets and candies stall
clothes stall
Food stall
1. Explain how many stalls there are and what they sell. 2. If you buy from the food stall, where will you most likely eat the food you have bought? LEARN GRAMMAR AND USAGE Prepositions Indicating Place Prepositions indicating place indicate the location of objects. The most common prepositions of place are in, on, around, near, beneath and below.
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PRACTICE A. Complete the sentences below by writing the correct prepositions of place on the blanks. 1. Mother keeps her jewelry _____________ a safe place. 2. I always place my mobile phone ________ my pillow. 3. Do you place your tooth ________ the pillow for the tooth fairy? 4. Don’t place your dirty socks ________ the dining table! 5. Bugoy, the pet dog, sat ______ his pet bed obediently. 6. We live on the floor _____ the people with noisy footsteps. 7. Dad built a strong fence ____ the farm all by himself. 8. I always cannot concentrate when she is ___ me. 9. He placed a lot of butter ______ his pancakes. 10. Many creatures actually live ___ Earth.
B. Complete the sentences below with the correct prepositions of olace. Base your answers on the picture. 1. The sea lies ______ the sky. 2. Because of the strong storm, many ships struggled ________ the sea. 3. The mighty waves splashed all _____ the vessels. 4. Many of the passengers ________ the decks were awakened by the strong winds. 5. Luckily, no one was hamed because the ships were ______ the harbor.
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Several pairs of words in the English language are contracted. To contract means to shorten, and its done by writing two words as one word and making use of an apostrophe (‘) to replace the deleted word or words. Here are some examples. Word Pair Do not Will not I am Weshall/will He is/ she is It is
Contraction Don’t Won’t I’m We’ll He’s, she’s It’s
Word Pair Have not Is not I would I have
Contraction Haven’t Isn’t I’d I’ve
A. Write the correct contraction for each pair of words 1. we shall/ will
_____________________
2. he is
_____________________
3. she will
____________________
4. you are
____________________
5. you will
____________________
6. they will
____________________
7. has not
_____________________
8. we have
____________________
9. they had
_______________________
10. he would
_______________________
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LONESOME GEORGE How does it feel to lose something precious?
Have you ever lost something valuable and then found it but then you lost it again? How did you feel? Conservationalists probably felt the same when Lonesome George died. Conservationalists are people who work to protect plant, animals, and the rest of the environment from beibng destroyed or from disappearing. Lonesome George is a giant tortoise. But wait, I am getting ahead of myself. Let me go back years before, at a time when even your grandparents have not been born yet. Far away in the Pacific Ocean is an island called Pinta. A long time ago, thousands of giant tortoises lived here. Tortoises are animals which look like turtles, but they live on land, and their feet look more like elephant’s feet. Sailors and pirates discovered them on the island, and they were hunted for their meat and their oil. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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For hundred years giant tortoises wereh hunted until they became extinct. There were still other tortoises on other islands, but the Pinta Island tortoises were no more‌or so the scientists thought! In 1971 a scientists was taking a walk in Pinta Island, and he came across a Pinta Island tortoise! For its safety it was taken to another island and put in a research station a place where scientists did their study.
The scientists were very happy! They named the tortoise Lonesome George because he was only one left of his kind. They thought that if he was last then he should have baby tortoises which would live on when he died. They introduced him to two female turtles. The females hatched eggs ( yes, baby tortoise comes from eggs!) but they never become baby tortoises. Lonesome George was still alone. Many people said that he was the rarest creature on Earth. This made the scientists very worried. Lonesome George was becoming older and weaker. In the morning of June 24, 2012, Fausto Llerena, Lonesome George’s caretaker and friend for 40 years went to visit Lonesome George. What he found made him very very sad for the worlds rarest creature was no longer alive. He was 100 years old. Although this has made the conservationalists very sad, they say that there are still other animals in danger of extinction, and they will do their best to protect them.
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How well did you read? 1. Why is Lonesome George important to the scientists? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2. How are we affected by what conservationists are trying to do? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 3. Why do animals become extinct? ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
Identifying Irrelevant ideas in a Passage Underline the two sentences that are not related to each of the paragraphs below. 1. Pinta Island is part of a group of islands called Galapagos Islands. These islands are in the pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean covers almost half of the earth. The Galapagos Islands are part of the country of Ecuador. ecuador is in South America. It is very hot in the Galapagos Islands.
2. Because of humans the Galapagos tortoises are in danger. A tortoise can weigh as mush as 250 kg. Many years ago before humans came to the islands there were hundreds of thousands of tortoises. When the humans arrived on the islands they hunted the creatures for meat. They also brought animals like goats, YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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cows, and horses that ate the plants supposedly for the tortoises. Many farmers took care of goats, cows, and horses. Now there are very few tortoises.
SEQUENCING EVENTS Arrange the events according to when they have happened. Write 1 for the first event and 2 for the second and so on. _________ In 1971 a scientist found a Pinta Island tortoise. _________ The Pinta Island tortoises were hunted for food. _________ Lonesome George died at 100 years old. _________ The tortoise was named Lonesome George. ________ Tortoises were discovered in Pinta Island by sailors and pirates. _______ The hunters could no longer find tortoises in Pinta Island. _______ Lonesome George could not have baby tortoises.
DISTINGUISHING LITERARY TYPES FICTION Fairy tale- a story about magic creatures Legend- a story from the past that is believed by many people but cannot be proven true
Nonfiction Biography- the story of a person’s life written by someone else Autobiography- a story of a persons’s life written by himself or herself
Realistic fiction- a story that is make Information- a piece that gives real believe but is based on real people facts and events mainly to inform and real events others Poem- a literary form written in stanzas and lines and it usually contains figures of speech.
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Identify the type of each literary piece.Explain your answers. 1. The Legend of Ha Long Bay 2. Little Lito Learns a Big Lesson 3. Spot the Difference 4. All Things Bright and Beautiful 5. The Little Mernmaid 6. Making Music in the Desert 7. I do not want to Lose My Home 8. Lonesome George
LEARN GRAMMAR AND USAGE Prepositions Indicating Direction and Movement Some prepositions like through, along, toward, past, by, into, to, and inside show direction and movement. To, into and toward are used to show movement towards something or someone. PRACTICE A. Encircle the correct preposition in each sentence. 1. Do you know that man who has walked right (by, through) us? 2. He jogged (inside, past) the hill. 3. I shall go (to, along) the mall tomorrow and buy shoes. 4. He walked (inside, into) a trap. 5. The tortoise’s head drew back (through, inside) its shell. 6. We hiked (through, into) the cave to get to the other end of the island. 7. The horse ran (inside, along) the riverbanks. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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8. The children walked ( along, into) the shore of the island. 9. The ball fell (into, to) the well. 10. The plane flew (toward, through) the landing strip.
A TRIP TO REMEMBER Do you like going an adventure? April 4, Monday I am in Sagada! My muscles are sore and my behind hurts from the 14 hour bus trip from Manila but I am finally here! Mom, Dad ,Kuya and I will have a delicious breakfast, overlooking the majestic mountains. Since we are all tired from the trip, we shall just stroll around the town today. We’ll probably visit the cemetery and look for William Henry Scott’s grave. Dad said he was an American who came to the Philippines and stayed in Sagada. He said Mr. Scott had written many things about the Igorot’s. April 5, Monday We just had a tiring but wonderful adventure! Our guide led us through some charming rice terraces. We went so far down that our knees were already shaking when we got to the bottom. It was all worth it! At the bottom of the rice terraces, we saw a beautiful Bood-ok Waterfalls. Although the water was freexing, we just took a deep breath and plunged in! After that we did not need towels to dry ourselves with because the warm sun did just that on our way up in the rice terraces. I learned something important today. Our guide told us that the word Igorot YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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simply means “people from the mountains.” I’ll go to sleep now. We’ll have to wake up early tomorrow for another big day! April 6, Monday I think this is my favorite part of our stay here in Sagada. We went spelunking! I was afraid at first because I had never tried it before. It turned out to be quiet exciting! When we arrived at the mouth of Sumaguing cave. I was very surprised to find a really wide opening. I felt like a dwarf! What a surprised even more was the stack of wooden coffinsnon the side of the cave. That gave me the chills!This used to be the locals cemetery but now they are not allowed to place the dead here. So off went! We slid through rocks, climbed on topp of them, hugged them tightly as we tried to cross to the other end… oh it was marvelous! There were waterfalls inside too, and dozens of funny- shaped stalactites and stalagmites. I ws covere with mud and bat guano when we finally came out at the other end, but I was very proud. That was not an easy thing to do, and yet I was able to do it. The proud smile on Mom and Dad’s faces made it all worth it. I wish we could visit this place again in the future.
How well did you read? 1. What difficulties did the writer go through during her trip? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2. Why didn’t she mind these hardships? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________
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3. Based on what you have read, will you also go on an adventure trip to Sagada? Why/Why not? ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ When you going to adventure you will have to prepare many things.Below is a list of some of these things. Place each item under the correct heading to help you organize the things you need. soap Medicine sunblock
hat Sleeping bag food
tissue Hiking pants Hiking shoes
T-shirt Backpack Small towels
Water Shorts repellant
Gear
SUpplies
Clothes
Personal Care Items
Protection (from natural elements)
Organizing the phrases in the box below. Place the correct phrase on its proper line n the blank outline. The events should be arranged according to when they happened. Swim in the cold water Hiking to Bomod-ok Falls Have breakfast Going around town See waterfalls inside Appresiate stalactites and stalagmites Look for William Henry Scott’s grave Spelunking at Sumaguing Cave Look at wooden coffins Pass by beautiful rice terraces
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I. _________________________________________________________ A. _______________________________________________________ B. _______________________________________________________ II. _________________________________________________________ A. _______________________________________________________ B. _______________________________________________________ III. _________________________________________________________ A. _______________________________________________________ B. _______________________________________________________ C. ________________________________________________________
LEARN GRAMMAR AND USAGE FREQUENTLY OCCURING PREPOSITIONS Preposition with
Between
Definition or Use Accompanied by or in the same direction as something or someone In the time or space that separates two people things or events
Above Beside
At a higher level At the side of; next to
Across
From one side to another
Behind
At the back of something or someone
from
The point at which a motion, journey, or action starts.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Examples I shall go with you. Just go with the flow. I sat between my mom and dad. He rests between studying and playing. The sun above is too warm. My house is beside a lake. My dog walked beside me. I walked across the street. He was put behind bars. The shy girl hid behind her mother. He performed well from start to finish. The letter came from Anna. Page 182
A. Write the correct preposition on each blank. 1. The stars ________________ twinkle beautifully. 2. I shall bring my laptop ______ me during the field trip. 3. I could not see the small tree that stood _____________ the house. 4. Niko loves to sit on the beach _____________ the tree because the trees give him shade. 5. We rode a plane _______ Manila to Palawan. 6. Place the cheese _____________ the two slices of bread. 7. Don’t worry! I will help you. I am _________________ you all the way! 8. The brave man sailed _____________ the wide ocean. 9. Greetings all the way __________________ the USA! 10. A helicopter flew _____________ the school while we were having classes. B. Draw an example of the use of each of the following prepositions. With
Between
Behind
Beside
From
Above
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To
across
UNIT REVIEW A. Identifying Cause and Effect The following sentences are a reciew of the stories and essays you have read in this unit. Write the cause and the effect for each sentence. 1. The Vietnamese were being attacked so dragons rescued them. Cause: _________________________________________________________ Effect: _________________________________________________________ 2. Mother Earth spoke to Lito in his dream because Lito did not take care of the environment. Cause: _________________________________________________________ Effect: _________________________________________________________ 3. Ibrahim saw a cowboy on TV playing the guitar and he became interested in music. Cause: _________________________________________________________ Effect: _________________________________________________________ 4. Lonesome George died because he was already old. Cause: _________________________________________________________ Effect: _________________________________________________________ 5. Sagada is a beautiful and interesting place so many people visit it. Cause: _________________________________________________________ Effect: _________________________________________________________
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B. Read the following paragraphs carefully. Afterwards draw a check mark (ďƒź) on the correst column in the following table. Crocodiles and alligators are reptiles. They have rough, scaly skin and they are cold- blooded. This means their body temperature is similar to the temperature of the environment.s Alligators and crocodiles bury their eggs in the sand or mud until they hatch. The baby alligators and crocodiles eat insectand worms until they grow bigger when they can eat larger animals. Despite these similarities crocodiles and alligators look different for each other. A crocodile has a narrow snout that is pointed at the tip. The alligator’s snout, on the other hand, is broad and rounded at the tip. Also when a crocodile closes its mouth the fourth lower tooth still sticks out, while alligators does not. Alligators and crocodiles can also live in different places in the planet. Crocodiles live in Africa, Australia, Asia, Madagascar, and South America. Alligators live in the southeastern United States and in the Yangtze River Valley in China. crocodiles
alligators
both
1. They have broad snouts. 2. They have tough, scaly skin. 3. The fourth lower tooth cannot be seen even if the mouth is closed. 4. They live in more places on Earth. 5. They hunt other animals. 6. They have narrow snouts. 7. They bury their eggs in the sand or mud until they hatch. 8.They are cold- blooded. 9. The fourth lower tooth can be seen even if the mouth is closed. 10. They are found only in two places in the world
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C. Spelling Consonant Trigraphs Correctly Trace a line between letters in the boxes below to spell the word being defined. Afterwards, write the word on the blank box. Clue: All the words start with S. Example; (shroud) D H
R
O
S
U
SHROUD
1. A thin sharp piece of wood S R
L P E
I N T
S ___________________
2. A large white surface on which movies are shown. E
R S E
N C
S __________________
3. A plant that looks like but it smaller than a tree. S ___________________ S U H R 4. To grow or develop; to produce new leaves. B
P T
R U S
S _____________________
O
5. To bend your knees and lower your body. Q
U
S ___________________________
T S
A
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D. Using Adverbs Correctly Complete the sentences with the correct adverbs given below. Fast well seldom now everywhere 1. I wish I could finish this test _____________________. (adverb of ime) 2. He is a traveler; he has been _______________. (adverb of place) 3. My little brother dances ___________________. (adverb of manner) 4. People in fast food chains serve food ____________________. (adverb of manner) 5. I __________________ read books books. (adverb of frequency) E. Using Prepositions Correctly Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions given below. Toward past on near under 1. I did not find wallet because it wad __________________ the sofa. 2. I walk to school because it is __________________ my house. 3. The guard walked ________________ the blanks. 4. The jeepney I hailed drove ______________________ me, 5. The cake ____________________ the table looks delicious. F. Spelling Words with Suffixes (1-2) and Contracted Words (3-5) Combine the following pairs of words. 1. compete + ion =
_____________________
2. comfortable + ly =
___________________
3. should + not =
______________________
4. I + have =
________________________
5. they + are =
_______________________
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