UNIT I: Music: A Universal Language Theme: Tempo Subject: Mapeh Grade: 7 Get Set Let us sing the song Sitsiritsit, Tagalog folk song. Cruising On Tempo, an Italian word which means time, refers to the speed at which a piece of music is played or is meant to be played. It is usually indicated at the beginning of a musical composition Music moves in slow, moderate, or fast speed, and in varying degrees. However, the tempo may change within the composition. Differences in tempo add explicit value to music. The tempo is indicated accurately by metronome marks which shows the number of beats per minute. The composer usually indicates by words (usually in Italian or English) by metronome marks the proper tempo of the song or a musical composition. An inappropriate tempo can ruin a composition. Music does not move in regular pace or speed. The more beats occur when the tempo is faster. The lesser beats a composition have, the slower the tempo. A musical composition or a song may get faster or slow down. Below are the most commonly used tempo Largo Lento Adagio Andante Andantino Maestoso Moderato Allegretto Allegro Vivace Presto Prestissimo Accelerando Ritardando
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the slowest tempo mark a tempo between andante and largo slow, leisurely moderately slow and easily flowing; slower than allegretto a little faster than andante in a majestic, disguified style; slower than andante moderate tempo or speed quite lively, but not as fast as allegro lively, brisk, rapid lively, equal, or faster than allegro fast, rapid, faster than allegro very fast gradually faster gradually slower
Listen to the of Johann Sebastian Bach, considered one of the greatest composer who ever lived. The music you will hear is the last movement of Bach‘s Brandenburg Concerto No. 2, scored for four different solo instruments, which are accompanied by strings and harpsichord. A movement is one of several sections of a longer composition. What words would you use to describe this music? The beat is strong and steady. The tempo is fast except at the very end of the piece, when the tempo gets slower. The music is lively, not severe. The solo instruments are the violin, trumpet, flute, and oboe.
Lesson Review Tempo refers to the speed at which a piece of music is played or is meant to be played. The tempo is indicated accurately by metronome marks which shows the number of beats per minute. Largo, lento, adagio, andante, andantino, maestoso, moderato, allegretto, allegro, vivace, presto, prestissimo, accelerando, and retardando are the most commonl used tempo in musical compositions. Answer the following questions 1. What is tempo? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. Does tempo remain constant in a musical composition? Why or why not? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. Where is tempo indicated? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 4. What indicates tempo? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 5. Which among the commonly used tempo do you prefer? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Listen to the recording of Let There be Peace on Earth. Read the text then look through the music to encircle the commonly used tempo in the composition. Then, tell what each tempo means. Play the recording again. This time, the students will follow with the music score, noting how changes in tempo reflect the meaning of the words of the song. When the students already know the melody, let them sing with the recording, paying particular attention to the tempo markings in the music.
Lesson 2: Sounds and Music The Power of Music “ Music has become a hot and priceless universal commodity in the 21 st century. It commands power intrinsically, as it did traditionally, but more than ever, it can now hook you up if you are not in control.” --- Rem. Nalundasan Abijan
How Sounds Affect Us When we first walked on this planet earth, sounds have already been embedded all around, as if by design. Creatures make sound. Nature has sound. The wind whistles and the rain drizzles. The ocean waters hiss and the waves send a splashing sound to the shorelines. Sounds are all around us. Do we hear all these sounds? Ordinarily, we don‘t only listen to those that attract our attention. Unlike the poets, most of us can only listen with limitation. Poets do have an extraordinary listening capacity. They can ever hear the whisper of a rainbow and the crackling of the morning light in the radiance of a fresh golden sun. Different sounds evoke different feelings. 1. Some sounds are joyous. 2. Some sounds are sad. 3. Some sounds are thrilling. 4. Some sounds are frightening. 5. Some sounds are annoying. 6. Some sounds are soothing. Can you add some more to this list?
Activity: Music No. 1 Sheet No. 1 Sounds Directions: 1. Give examples of feelings that sounds can evoke. Paste pictures to portray the source of each sound. Examples: 1. Joyous ---- the laughter of a kid playing 2. Annoying- the cement mixer
2. Observe the following and produce the pattern of the sound as you heard them. 1. a sewing machine 2. a train arriving 3. a tractor 4. a fire truck siren 5. a computer printer 6. a cock crowing 7. a cat meowing 8. raindrops falling
Lesson 3: How music is Formed? Music is made up of sounds. It starts with patterns of sounds artistically arranged in a form or structure so that they convey ideas and/ or emotions. While poetry has words as its raw materials, music has sounds. When patterns of sounds are organized in certain ways and produced instrumentally or vocally on purpose, they become music. Noise or Music? Sound is produced by vibration. When the vibration is set evenly or regularly, a musical tone results. When the vibration is irregular or uneven and does not sound pleasing to the ear, the resulting sound is noise. The great debate today is whether modern music is characterized by radically irregular beats, veering away from the western classical models of some centuries back. Many bold experimentations have been occurring in the long process of evolution and development, bringing rhythmical patterns and musical forms into totally different shapes now. Today, music as an art is like fashion designs in our wardrobes: they both undergo radical changes from time to time in order to express the new feelings, imaginations and aspirations of the times and of the newer generation. Music Sheet No. 2 Music Or Noise Name: _____________________
Date: _____________
Directions: 1. Listen to these two types of musical pieces from your cassette tape: 1. 1 The soundtrack from the motion picture ―Evita‖ or any music similar to it. 1. 2 The rock music of your favorite band group or rock star. 2. Reflections: 2.1 What feelings and images come to you when you heard the first musical piece? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ The second one _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2.2 What movements are you likely to do with each type of music? Demonstrate. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Lesson 4: Listening to Music Music plays a very important role in our daily lives. It is a form of personal expression of thoughts and emotions. Many people in their desire to express themselves uniquely have created lots of musical types and we find them today recorded for entertainment, for dancing and relaxation, for concert music, for informative purposes, and for praise and worship in religious settings. There is music on cassette tapes, compact discs, laser discs, on radio, on television, and on all other types of moods, to different worlds you can imagine for varied purposes to meet your different needs. Listening is a skill that is developed in any language learning. As music is a language learning. As music is a language, with a literature of its own, listening skills are very necessary in order that one may enjoy music. Like literary forms music, has a number of compositions that deliver stories colorfully to the listeners. Explore the language of music. Get yourself acquainted with the types of music across cultures or across time dimensions. Listening Activities Consider the following musical pieces/ vocal renditions: 1. The Lord‘s Prayer 2. The best of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Viennese Classical Orchestra) or The classical pieces of Beethoven 3. The Rock ‗n‘ Roll music or the American Jazz 4. Any popular ballad or pop music of the 90‘s 5. Ako ay Pilipino 6. Any Philippine ethnic music
Preparatory Activities Before attempting to listen to these pieces, make a research and study the background or social milieu on which these pieces were written, arranged or performed. Read the background of the composer, as in the case of Mozart or Beethoven. Read about the background of rock ‗n‘ roll and the American jaz music. Comprehend the diversity of Filipino culture in order to appreciate the essence of each ethnic music. SINGING The human voice is the foremost source of music. Musical instruments came later as culture developed. Human beings were not contented with the ordinary conversations to express their feelings. They needed a more powerful expression because words were not enough. Music came along and set varied moods of voice expressions, exploring the tonal quality present in the human voice. The Range of Human Voices 1. Soprano
4. Tenor
2. Mezzo Soprano
5. Baritone
3. Alto
6. Bass
Learn to sing the songs printed in the following pages. You may sing- along with the tapes if they are made available to you. 1. Let us Break Bread (A Negro Spiritual) 2. Ang Bayan Ko 3. Lulay (Filipino folksong)
Lesson 4: Musical Instruments
Aside from the vocal chords, musical instruments also produce sounds. Musicologists are people who study music as field of knowledge or research. The Sachs- Hornbostel System is a system of classification based solely on the way the sounds of musical instruments are produced. The aerophones, idiophones, chordophones, membranophones, and electrophones are five basic categories of musical instrument in the SachsHornbostel System. Aerophones are instruments that produce sound from vibrating string stretched between two points.
Membranophones are instruments that are drum- like and produce sound by the vibration of a head or a membrane that is tightly stretched. Electrophones are instruments that produce sound by electronic means. The orchestra, band, rondalla, combo, and ethnic are five groups of instrumentals ensembles. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble using ablend of stringed instruments. Woodwind instruments produces tones by a column of air vibrating within a pipe that has a little holes in the tides. The stringed instruments are the ―heart of the orchestra‖ because of their versatility and usefulness. The violin, viola, violoncello, contrabass, and guitar are stringed instrments. The flute, piccolo, oboe, English horn, clarinet, bass clarinet, bassoon, contrabassoon, and saxophone are woodwind instruments. Brass instruments can be used in playing melodies, sustaining harmony, sonority, and rhythmic accent for massed tone that contributes to a musical climax. The trumpet, cornet, French horn, trombone, and tuba are brass instruments. The percussion instruments are considered the ―battery of the orchestrat.‖ They are divided into percussion instruments with definite pitch and those without definite pitch. The xylophones, timpani or kettledrums, marimba, and chimes are percussion instruments with definite pitch. Keyboard instruments make complete music and has the same arrangement of keys. The piano, pipe organ, harp, and synthesizer are keyboard instruments. The harp is the oldest of the musical instruments. The pipe organ is the largest of all musical instruments.
Answer the following questions 1. Why are stringed instruments called ―the heart of the orchestra‖? ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What is embouchure? __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Why are percussion instruments called ―battery of the orchestra‖? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
4. Why are keyboard instruments all the same? ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Identify what kind of instruments the following are. Write A for aerophones, I for idiophones, C for chordophones, M for membranophones, and E for electrophones. ______ 1. Bagpipes ______ 6. harp ______ 2. bells ______ 7. Snare drum ______ 3. Japanese koto ______ 8. electric guitar ______ 4. timpani ______ 9. cymbals ______ 5. keyboard ______ 10. Whistles Activity 2 Tell what family these instruments belong to. Write S for stringed, W for woodwind, B for brass, P for percussion, and K for keyboard. _____ 1. guitar _____ 2. piano _____ 3. Flute _____ 4. flute _____ 5. xylophone _____ 6. Tuba _____ 7. harp _____ 8. castanets _____ 9. trombone _____ 10. synthesizer Activity 3
_____ 11. trumpet _____ 12. marimba _____ 13. Electric guitar _____ 14. cymbals _____ 15. contrabass _____ 16. tuba _____ 17. gong _____ 18. viola _____ 19. chimes _____ 20. Timpani
Listen to the following recordings. 1. Soundtrack of Miss Saigon 2. American Salute 3. Sonata in F by Handel 4. Allegro from Quartet in G Minor by Beethoven 5. Hotel California by the Eagles 6. A CD album of any local or foreign rock bband. Be able to identify the instruments heard in each recording. Activity 4 1. The class will be divided into four groups. 2. Each group will be assigned instruments to demonstrate. 3. Using voices, body movements, and objects the groups will be interpret the sounds and features the instruments. 4. Let the class guess the instruments.
Chapter II: RHYTHM AND MELODY Lesson 1: Rhythm
Rhythm may be defined as the organized arrangement of sound and silence. Beat, accent, meter, and time signature are the basic components of rhythm. Beats are regular pulsations felt when music is sung or played. Accent is the stress or emphasis placed on a note. Accented or strong beats are beats which are stronger than others. Meters are organized rhythmic pulses or patterns. Duration is the length of time a tone is sounded. Simple and compound rhythms are kinds of meters. Duple and triple meters are the simple rhythms. Quadruple and compound triple meters are the compound rhythms.
Answer the following questions 1. What are accented or strong beats? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. How are meter marked off? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. How is duration shown? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. What is a rest? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Activity 1 1. Form groups of fours. 2. Choose a song that each group will interpret. 3. Interpret the song creating movements based on the song‘s message. 4. Perform the song interpretation in class. Activity 2 Give examples of songs with duple meter, triple meter, quadruple meter, and compound triple meters.
Lesson 2: TIME SIGNATURE   
Time signature or meter signature refers to the two numbers found at the beginning of the musical score after the G clef. The upper number refers to the number of beats in a measure while the lower number refers to the kind of note that receives a beat. Measure is indicated and divided by a vertical line called a bar line.
Answer the following questions 1. What do the numbers of the time signature represent? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 The students will follow the musical score of Rain as they listen to the recording. The time signature changes throughout, shifting from
to meter.
Rain is an old German folk song composed in the twentieth century. Tap the beat and try singing it.
Activity 2 The students can perform patterns that have changing or irregular meter following the movement sequence below. 1. Sway to one side, putting three beats with both hands on the leg that corresponds to the direction of the sway. Repeat the movement on the other side. 2. Sway to one side, putting four beats with both hands on the corresponding leg. Repeat the movement on the other side. 3. Do a three- beat pattern to one side, then a four beat pattern to the other side. Continue alternating the patterns. Activity 3 Research on a musical piece with irregular or changing meter.
Lesson 3: Rhythmic Patterns
A combination of notes and rests found in one measure of a given time signature is called rhythmic pattern. Syncopation is the shifting of the irregular musical accent with the occurrence of accented notes on the weak beat.
Answer the following questions 1. Can you create your own rhythmic pattern? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. What is syncopation? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Activity 2 Let us listen to a song from American history. To feel its marching beat; chant the following pattern softly as you listen to the music. Pretend to be drum majors and majorettes keeping the beat with your batons. To further their creativity, the students must choose an accompaniment for singing this marching song. “When Johnny Comes Marching Home.” Words and music by Patrick S. Gilmore Activity 2 Casey Jones was known for the speed at which he could make a train travel and for the wonderful sound he could get out of the train whistle. Follow the words of the song as you listen to the music. Keep the steady beat by doing a tap toes- clap pattern. Activity 3 Look for the song ―The Wandering Bird‖. Look for the even and uneven patterns in measures 1-5 of the melody.
Clap the steady beat Clap the even eighth notes Clap the melodic rhythm, calling attention to the dotted eighth and sixteenth note pattern:
The class will be divided into three groups Group one will clap the steady beat. Group two will clap the even eighth- note pattern. Group three will clap the uneven dotted eighth and sixteenth note patterns.
Activity 4 Do a pat toes- clap hands pattern as you listen to this song a Christmas spiritual. Join in the chorus parts when you can. Lesson 4: Melody
All musical pieces have melody. Melody is the succession of tones having different pitches and duration. Rhythm, dimensions, register, directions, and progression are the properties of melody. Melody cannot exist without rhythm, but rhythm can exist without melody. The two dimensions of melody are length and range. Range refers to the distance between the highest and lowest notes in a melody. Register is the highness or lowness of the total number of notes in a melody. Different directions a melody may appear are going up, going down, skipping, and chromatic. Progression refers to the interval between the notes of a melody. The progression of melody may be described as conjunct or disjunct.
Answer the following questions 1. Describe melody. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. DO all musical pieces have melody? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Why can‘t melody exist without rhythm? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Differentiate narrow, moderate, and wide ranges. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. When is melody said to have a high register? A low register? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Activity 1 Follow the melody of ―Every Morning‖. Then answer the following questions. 1. Does melody begin at a high register or a low register? 2. How does the melody end- in a high register or in a low register? 3. Find the range of the song by calling the lowest note 1. 4. Describe the song‘s range. To find out, count the notes from the lowest to the highest.
Lesson 5: Scales
A scale is a series of musical tones going up or down in pitch, spanning an octave. There are two basic types: major and minor.
Answer the following questions 1. What is the basis of most melodies? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Differentiate the major and minor scales.
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Identify the following scales.
Chapter III: TEXTURE AND HARMONY Lesson 1: Key Signatures
Key signature is the musical symbol that is written after the clef at the beginning of the staff to help us find the key or scale in which a musical piece is to be played. The keys of C major and A minor have no flats or sharps. Is another signature symbol for meter.
Answer the following questions 1. What does a key signature contain? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What keys do not the flats or sharps? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 3. Which helps us find the key or scale in which a musical piece is to be played? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Notate the following key signatures on a staff. 1. Key of A
______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 2. Key of D ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Key of Eb _________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 4. Key of Cb ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 5. Key of E __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Activity 2 Summarize the number of sharps and flats of the given keys by making a chart.
Lesson 2: TEXTURE
Texture is an element of music which refers to the simultaneous sounding of pitches in a given time. There are four principal types of musical texture: Monophonic texture is a single melody without accompaniment or any added part. Homophonic texture is a single melody accompanied by chords, or a variation of chords. Polyphonic texture has two or more melodies that are sounded together simultaneously without supporting chords. Nonmelodic texture is music constructed for special effect when harmonic sounds darken or exclude the melody. Round, descant, partner songs, and ostinato are some ways to create harmony. Round is a manner of singing in succession, each voice intertwined with other voices at a certain period of time. Descant is a melody which is usually higher of lower than the main melody it accompanies. Partner songs are two or more songs that are designed originally to be sung independently, but which can be sung simultaneously to create harmony. Ostinato is a phrase of rhythmic pattern repeated in immediate succession to accompany a musical piece or a section of musical piece.
Answer the following questions 1. Why is texture called the ―characteristic is disposition‖ of music? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 2. What is nonmelodic texture? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 3. When does the texture of music become thicker? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Matching type. Match the terms in column A with their definitions in column B. Draw the symbols of your choice in the given blanks before the numbers. A ______ 1. Texture ______ 2. Monophonic texture
B a manner of singing in succession, each one interwined with other voices at a certain time ☺two or more songs to be sung originally independently, but which can be sung simultaneously to create harmony
______ 3. Homophonic texture ______ 4. Polyphonic texture
______ 5. Nonmelodic texture
______ 6. Round ______ 7. Descant ______ 8. Partner songs
______ 9. ostinato
a melody which is usually higher or lower that the main melody it accompanies a phrase of rhythmic pattern repeated in immediate succession to accompany a musical piece or a section of a musical piece an element of music which refers to the simultaneous sounding of pitches in a given time a single melody without accompaniment or any added part a single melody accompanied by chords or a vibration of chords has two or more melodies that are sounded together simultaneously without supporting chords ∞ music constructed for special effects when harmonic sounds darken or exclude the melody
Lesson 3: Harmony Harmony is the vertical combination of notes, while melody is the horizontal combination of notes Harmony may be light, heavy thin, or thick in texture. A chord is a group of four or more tones sounded together. Concords are combinations of chords which sound good. Discords or dissonance are combinations of chords which do not sound good. A group of three notes sounded together is called riad. A triad is made represented as I, IV, and V are the so called primary chords. The triads up of a root, a third, and a fifth. Answer the following questions 1. When is music said to be in harmony? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. Why is harmony added to melodies and rhythmic patterns? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Activity 1 Notate the triads of I, iii, v, IV, V, in C. write the answers in your notebook. Activity 2 1. Play the chords I, IV, and V at the piano or guitar. 2. Make a simple composition using these primary chords.
Chapter IV: FORM AND STYLE Lesson 1: Forms of Music
Form refers to the structure or framework of a musical composition which gives order to music. Tone is the smallest unit of a musical composition. A figure is the smallest characteristic group of tones. A motive is a group of tones that may be identified with a musical composition. A phrase is a succession of tones arranged in such a way as to come up with a musical pattern. A period is a complete musical thought composed of two phrases in question and answer. A section is a combination of periods. A cadence is a pause in the flow of a melody. There are strong and weak cadences.
Answer the following questions 1. What is the significance of form? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Differentiate a strong cadence and a weak cadence. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. What is free from? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Activity 1 Describe the forms of music in Lupang Hinirang. Sing each.
Lesson 2: Binary Form
Two basic forms are the strophic and the binary or two- part form. Strophic is the simplest form in music. Binary form consists of two different ideas in a musical composition. Its parts are A and B.
Activity 1 Sing the folk song Santa Clara. Identify its form.
Activity 2 Afterworld has its place in virtually all religious traditions. Because life on earth was so difficult for the Black people, heaven was particularly important--- it gave promise of better times to come. Naturally, the best way to assure into heaven was to lead a good life and to stay away from temptation. In other words, to keep in the middle of the road. Sing this lively black spiritual. Identify its form. (Keep in the Middle of the Road by Black Spiritual) Lesson 3: Ternary Form
The ternary form, also called the three- part song form, has two basic ideas and ends with the repetition of the first idea. Its pattern is A- B- A. The rondo is another form similar to ternary form, except that it features a main theme which returns are recurs several times in alteration with other themes. Its pattern is ABACA or ABACADA.
Activity 1 Identify which song the ternary is from or in the rondo form. The folk song ―Blow the Wind Southerly by Nurthumrian Folk Song‖ tells about the lone and lonely wait for a sailor‘s return from the sea. Feel the gentle rocking motion in the music as you listen to this song of the sea.
UNIT II: Arts and Philippine Culture Theme: Art and the aspects of Life Subject: Mapeh Grade: 7 Art education is very crucial to the molding of one‘s mind, especially the young mind, and to the development of the people of a country. The soul of a country is its culture and art is the expression of the soul. Art and culture are one. Traces of the country‘s cultural past are revealed in its arts. Artwork are the bases of what a country‘s culture is all about. Art is synonymous to human existence. Almost all aspects of our lives are revealed in art. Art can be found everywhere, anytime, and in everything people do. It is everywhere –in the houses where we live, the clothes we wear, the furniture and appliances we use, the utensils we use, the building we see, the small facade –all these are designed by gifted artists, each excelling in his chosen field. Everyone of us lives with art. Art is the visual evidence and document of a country‘s culture. At the end of the unit, the students are expected to: 1. acquire insights into artworks; 2. define and explain art; 3. differentiate art from nature; 4. determine the relationship of art to life, religion/belief, economics, politics, geography, and technology; 5. enumerate and explain the functions of art; 6. obtain knowledge on the ways by which Philippine art is expressed; 7. identify, locate, and explain artworks in the community; 8. recognize and value the contributions made by arts to society; 9. be able to produce simple artworks; 10. sketch things they see in nature;
Lesson 1 Get Set What is art? Everywhere people speak art. Art originated from the Latin word ars, meaning ―skill‖ and the Greek word, techne. It does not apply to craftsmanship, but to the expertise in performing an activity. Sensory and intellectual perceptions are required in the understanding of art. If one is able to comprehend how an artwork is made, why it was done, and what came before and after it, then his or her appreciation of art is heightened. How an artwork is made refers to the process utilized; why it was done implies the reason or the reasons for the making of it, and what came before and after it refers to the history of the artwork. Art and Life Art is as old man. Prehistoric men‘s attempt to reveal their innate feelings, emotions, and thoughts is evident in their painting on the walls of caves.
The ethnic group in the Philippines performs the rituals in almost all of his everyday activities –farming, harvesting, birth, death, and others. There is art in these rituals. In contemporary and modern times, the few-loving Filipinos celebrate almost every occasion (birthday, fiestas, anniversaries, reunions, graduations, victory, and even death) colorfully and lavishly. It is on these occasions that the Filipinos‘ artistic inclinations are maximized. Art and Religion/Belief Art was used as an instrument of religion/belief. Christians built churches as their places of worship‘s honored saints and other religious figures and icons by freestanding sculpture, recognized significant Biblical events in the picture designs of the stained glass windows, sang hymns and songs of praises in their rituals, and installed altars in their homes to inspire a feeling of devotion and to worship. Muslims built mosques for worship and for important gatherings. The use of symbolic images and anitos is a ―must‖ in the rituals of our early ancestors which are done on important occasions like baptismal, marriage, war, planting, harvesting, healing, death, and others. The tribal leader composed chants and yells that form into songs. These are accompanied by dances, rhythmical body movements, accompanied by indigenous musical instruments. Art and Economy Filipino art opened the Philippines to the international market. The application of the principles and elements of art kike geometrical forms and rhythm, the unique designs of clothes, bags, blankets, furnitures, and other products, wood carved furnitures, and decorative goods gains the interest of the foreign traders. These products were made possible through the natural resources in almost all places in the country. Our ancestors gained the respect of the world market by being honest traders. Art and Politics The community or barangay of ancient times was headed by an elderly, a powerful and influential person. His responsibility is to make the community or barangay prosperous. He also imitates unity and cooperation among the members of the barangay or the community. He renders wise decision and fair judgment to those who do wrong. He tries to acquire territories by conquering new lands leading to tribal wars. Weapons and shields decorated with ethnic designs were produced from a stone to metal products by the competent blacksmith of the barangay. Art and Geography A comfortable and suitable home, as well as the livelihood ofpeople, was determined by the availability and use of the natural resources in a pacific place. Our ancestors built tree houses to avoid enemy attacks or wild animals attacks. Nipa houses made of bamboo floors and walls are built providing their inhabitants with goog ventilation. Nipa houses were known as ―breathing house‖ or ―basket house‖. People living in the mountains built houses with only small windows or no windows at all.
―Butterfly roofing‖ a roofing style of the house, was built by farmers in the agricultural lands they till. Houses in the sea or coastal homes were built by fishermen and by those whose sources of livelihood were near the sea. Art and technology Our ancestors gave priority to their safety. So, they built houses using whatever materials they could gather in their environment. Ropelike stems and rattan were used to tie the materials they gathered. The discovery of fire improved pottery is now heated in fire rather than dried under sunlight Designs were than on pots while the jars are still soft. The installation of water irrigation systems down the hills increased palay production. New agricultural machines made possible the increase in volume of agricultural products thereby generating massive income. Functions of Art All arts have functions. An artist does artwork because of the general function of satisfying his or her personal need for self-expression; the social need for communication, celebration and display; and the physical need for objects and structures that are useful. Personal Function It is through art that an artist channels his feelings. The feelings of happiness, serenity, peacefulness, and being overwhelmed by a situation are expressed in art. Clothing and jewelries are worn as personal accessories and as status symbols. Human experiences are captured by cinema, drama, and literature. These art forms make us feel imagine, and think of events which transpired. They help us to better comprehend human nature and environment. Composers express their feelings and emotions through their musical compositions of love songs and sad songs. Music relaxes our tired nerves and muscles. It has also a therapeutic effect. Homes, offices, schools, and public places use paintings and sculpture as decorations. Physical Functions The operational function of a building determines its design. Hence, a home is designed for a family to live in. A school is built to house students who thirst for knowledge. an office building is designed for business transactions A place of worship is made for such purpose. Social Function Man‘s social life is closely related to the arts. Literature as form of art contains political and ideological expressions of the times. Society and its manners are shape by these. One literary work that shape society in the 19th century was Fr. Modesto de Castro‘s Urbana at Felisa, a novel which became a code of ethics used as a guide on how to appropriately conduct oneself in social gatherings, at home, in school, and in church.
Humanitarian concern is expressed by artists who desired to promote social change through their artworks. The focus of humanitarian concern is the plight of the working class. Man‘s inhumanity to man was reflected in Juan Luna‘s Spolarium. Plazas, parks, government buildings, and schools have statues of heroes and noted people in society. Important historical events and ideals of leadership and heroism are featured in commemorative works like commissioned paintings of rulers, leaders, and events. The arts have been used by religion to spread belief, to convert nonbelievers, and to sustain and reinforce faith of their congregation. Statues in the Cordilleras and other mountainous regions serve as places of refuge of dead ancestors and continue to be with their families. The striking designs, lively colors, and catchy of commercial art and advertising art influence and persuades the social behavior of consumers. A number of activities unite people in celebrating an important chapter in life. Birthdays, weddings, graduations, class reunions, and even death and wedding anniversaries are celebrated lavishly and colorfully. Public celebrations, festivals, and fiestas also utilize art. Colorful and socially relevant floats are dressed artistically. Personages are also dressed in expensive designers‘ clothes and accessories. The streets are lined up with bamboo arches, buntings, and colorful posters. Religious processions employ decorated and lighted ―carozas‖ of saints. Big and small Christmas lanterns adorn the city‘s busy streets during Christmas. Malls compete with relevant displays to win customers. Face masks and body paintings are used during the Moriones Festival in Marinduque and Ati-Atihan in Kalibo, Aklan. Lesson Review Art is life, the nature of human existence. It brings out the thoughts, ideas, feeling, and emotions of humanity. Sensory and intellectual perceptions are required in the understanding of art. Art is connected to all aspects of life, belief, religion, economy, politics, geography, and technology The function of satisfying an artist‘s personal need for self-expression; the social need for communication, celebration, and display; and the physical need for objects and structures that are useful are some of the functions of art. Answer the questions 1. What is the importance of art education? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. Why is art synonymous to human existence? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. Prove that art is as old as man. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 4. What are the functions of religious icons? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 5. How is the design of a building determined?
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Write TRUE or FALSE on the blanks. ___________ 1. Art and culture are one. ___________ 2. Art is synonymous to Human existence ___________ 3. Not everyone lives with art. ___________ 4. The soul of a country is its art. ___________ 5. Art limits man‘s intellect. ___________ 6. Sensory and emotional perceptions are required in the understanding of art. ___________ 7. Art applies to craftsmanship and not to the expertise in performing an activity. ___________ 8. Art is seen in every aspect of life. ___________ 9. People living in the mountains built houses with big windows and lots of windows. ___________ 10. All arts have functions. Activity 2 Collage: Cut and Paste Materials:
white cartolina Paste or glue Magazines, newspapers Colored pencils, pentel pens, or crayons
Procedure: 1. Think of your favorite or dream place. 2.Cut out appropriate pictures from magazines or newspapers. 3. Paste these cut out pictures in the white cartolina according to your style. 4. Think of an appropriate title for your collage, relating it to an aspect of life. Activity 4 Cut and Paste Letters Materials:
oslo paper Cut out letters from magazines Colored paper Paste or glue
Procedure: 1. Think of your own definition of life. 2. Using the cut out letters from magazines or newspapers, and colored paper, form your own meaning of life. 3. Paste your formed meaning in an oslo paper. Lesson 2: Expressions of Art Visual arts, architecture, literature, drama or theater arts, cinema, music, and dance are the seven different forms of art. The visual arts consist of paintings and sculptural works. Painting is a two- dimensional work of art wherein viewers see only the design and the background.
Sculpture is a three- dimensional work of art wherein viewers see the working all angles. Architecture is an art form that answers the needs and satisfaction of shelter. Literature is the form of art which is the production of written works having excellence of form or expression and dealing with ideas of permanent interst. Drama or theater arts is a performing art that conveys themes and relevant issues with the combination of songs, dances, and literature. The Idigenous Form Period, Spanish Period, American Period, and Contemporary Period are four periods in Philippine drama. Cinema is a form of art wherein ideas, attitudes, feelings, dreams, and fantasies are expressed o the audience through a series of images. Music is an art form which combines sounds of varying pitch to produce a musical composition expressive of ideas, thoughts, drama, feelings, and aspirations that are pleasant to hear. Dance is a form of art which consists of a succession of movements and steps with or without counting or musical accompaniment.
Answer the following questions 1. What is the role of the different art forms? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. What determines the fad, model, and style to be used in architecture? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Why is cinema the most popular art form? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. What is the function of dance in early times? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5. Why was the vertical expansion or the tall building adapted? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Read and arrange the letters correctly. Write your answers on your notebook. 1. EPESOXRSIN - an outward showing of ideas, thoughts, feelings, emotions, dreams, fears, observations, and aspirations which reflects an artist‘s distinct perception of the world. 2. LUIASV ATSR – consist of paintings and sculptural works 3. PITNANIG- a two- dimensional art work wherein viewers see only the design and the background 4. SUPUECLTR- a three- dimensional art work wherein viewers see the work in all angles. 5. ACIETRRHTCUE- an art form that answers the needs and satisfaction of shelter
6. LTRTRIEAUE- a form of art which is the production of written works having excellence of form or expression and dealing with ideas of permanent interest 7. DAAMR- a performing art conveys themes and relevant issues with the combination of songs, dances and literature 8. CNMIEA- a form of wherein ideas, attitudes, feelings, dreams, and fantasies are expressed to the audience through a series of images 9. MSCUI- an art from which combines sounds of varying pitch to produce a musical composition expressive of ideas, thoughts, dreams, feelings, and aspirations that are pleasant to hear 10. DNEAC- a form of art which consists of a succession of movements and steps with or without counting or musical accompaniment Activity 2 Who am I? Identify who is being described. ____________ 1. He is the architect of the massive and monumental buildings of the Marcos regime. ____________ 2. He wrote Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. ____________ 3. He wrote the drama Tanikalang Ginto. ____________ 4. He is the Father of Philippine movies. ____________ 5. He is a well- known Filipino lyricist. ____________ 6. She contributed to the advancement of folk dances. ____________ 7. He is the pioneer of modern architecture. ____________ 8. She wrote Kwento ni Mabuti. ____________ 9. He wrote the drama sa Bunganga ng Pating. ____________ 10. He wrote the zarzuela Dalagang Bukid which was made into a silent movie. Activity 3 Enumeration Kinds of visual arts 1. 2.
Four types of literature 3. 4. 5. 6.
Indigenous forms of drama 7. 8. 9. 10. Lesson 3: Art is Everywhere Art is everywhere Rizal Province is the home of Carlos ―Botong‖ Francisco, Rafael Pacheco, Jose ―Pitok‖ Blanco, Vicente Reyes, and Lucio San Pedro. The petroglyph was discovered by Carlos ―Botong‖ Francisco in Angono. It is an image recorded on stone by means of carving by the ancient Filipinos thousands of years ago
Answer the following questions 1. Prove that art is everywhere. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. Why is Rizal Province a haven of national artists? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. What artworks have played significant roles in Philippine history? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 4. Why are flowers abundant in Baguio? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 5. What determines the artwork that is produced in a place? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Lesson 4: Weaving Weaving is an artistic or industrial artwork which is formed by interlacing warp and filling threads. The Philippines is rich in natural resources like abaca, anahaw, rattan, bamboo strips, pandan, buntal, pineapple leaves, coconut leaves, and buri leaves that are used in weaving. The eight basic styles of weaving are: over one- under one, over two- under two, over three- under three, over four- under four, hexagon, octagon, Vshape, and X- shape. Answer the Following 1. Look around you and list down twenty products which are products made from weaving using indigenous materials. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. How does weaving contribute to Philippine economy? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Why is weaving very simple? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Activity 1 Weaving Materials:
bond paper Scissors Art paper
Procedure: 1. Have students fold the bond paper and art paper in half. 2. Cut them into parallel slits to within about 1 inch from the edge of the paper which makes a paper frame that holds the parallel strips (the warp) in place. 3. Then cut strips of paper (the weft) in a variety of colors to be woven in and out of the warp strips in the paper frame. 4. The finished products will be tacked to the wall so they may be appreciated as art. Activity 2 Materials:
Pocket Weaving cardboard rectangles, 4 x 6 inches Ruler Pencils String Yarn: a wide selection of colors and weights Large- eyed beads, shells, feathers, charms
Procedure: 1. Cut a cardboard rectangle, 4 x 6 inches for each student. 2. Using a ruler, mark off an evenly spaced series of dots about ¾ inch apart and about ½ inch from the top of the cardboard. 3. Punch a hole in each dot with a large, sharp needle. 4. Thread a needle with string and sew in and out of the holes, front and back, filling in all spaces between them. Chapter II: PAINTINGS DURING THE SPANISH OCCUPATION, BEFORE THE REVOLUTION, DURING THE AMERICAN PERIOD, and POST WORLD WAR ERA OBJECTIVES The student will: 1. Research on the Filipino artists who lived during the different historical periods and show samples of their works with detailed descriptions for presentation. 2. Draw portraits following the style of our artists during the Spanish period, and paint a landscape following the style of contemporary artists. 3. Choose a painter and write about the influences in his life and his art. Define the styles he tried and the style he is known for. ART VOCABULARY tipos al pais – or genre paintings; of the local scene and scenery
miniaturismo- a style of portraiture when the artist painted a miniature portrait of a person usually meant for a locket or a small frame. Symbolism - when drawings and paintings had images or secret symbols only certain groups understood portrait - a drawing, painting or print of a person ART ELEMENTS, PRINCIPLES shapes and colors of faces – there are different shapes of faces; skin and hair of persons are also unique. Texture – landscapes show texture of places and buildings. Harmony – when the artist uses colors, shapes and lines that are complementary, the painting or drawing has harmony. MATERIALS different kinds of paper – bond, craft, newsprint, oslo, watercolor paper canvas, textile or wood or any surface (bilao , banig, wooden panels) to paint on different kinds of drawing tools – pencils, crayons, pens different kinds of paints - watercolor, poster paints, acrylic, oil PROCEDURE MOTIVATION (1 session) Look at the examples of Philippine painters in the Learning Guide (Overview), and read about the historical background of the reasons why and how our local painters had specific styles of painting to answer the need of the times (Spanish Period, Revolutionary, American Period, Post World War period and the present times). How did the paintings and drawings serve as the visual history of the Philippines? Have a creative presentation of the paintings showing a timeline of the art works. PROCESS: DRAWING and PAINTING (2 sessions) 1. Choose a particular Filipino painter during the Spanish period and emulate his style of doing portraits. 2. After it is done, display your portraits and let your classmates name the artists whose style you emulated. What are the characteristics of this style? 3. Choose a Philippine landscape and render it in watercolor or acrylic, poster or oil .Select complementary colors to create your landscape.
Select a contemporary landscape and make a painting of it. Compare this painting with the earlier landscape painting you did. Describe the differences. 4. Select a Philippine myth or legend, and create a storyboard illustrating it. (Research on artists like Botong Francisco or Fernando Amorsolo and describe The myths or legends that they painted). APPRECIATION and ASSESSMENT 1. Have an exhibit of your drawings nd paintings and hold it in a public space in your school or community. Give an art appreciation session for your viewers. 2. Make a written comment about the paintings and drawings on display: a. which portrait is similar in style to a particular artist? b. which portrait is original in style? c. which photograph of a person is most expressive ? Why? 3. Invite a local artist and let him talk about his art, show some of his paintings and watch him as he paints. The experience of being with a painter as he works (even if he does not talk, is a great learning experience for students). a. describe how the artist works b. what is the style of the artist? c. what do you appreciate about his style? 4. Let students do the Activity pages and write his/her comments in the Reflection pages of the module. Lesson 1: Elements of Visual Arts Line, form, space, light, value color, and texture are the elements of art. Line is a path left by a moving point. There are two kinds of lines according to direction—straight or curved. There are four kinds of straight lines—horizontal line, vertical line, diagonal line, and jagged line. There are four kinds of curved lines- scroll or S- line, spiral, convex, and concave lines. Wide, narrow, thick, and thin are some characteristics of line. Lines can also be divided into static and dynamic lines. Form is the structural element, plan, or design of a work of art. Space is a dynamic visual art element that interacts with the other elements of art to give the meaning. A two- dimensional space has only height and width, but no actual depth. A three- dimensional space has height, weight, and depth. Perspective is the system for depicting the illusion of three- dimensional space on a two- dimensional surface. Atmospheric perspective, isometric perspective, and linear perspective are the three kinds of perspectives. Vanishing point is a point on the horizon line where parallel lines seem to converge and meet where they disappear.
Light is responsible for shadows and reflections on their surfaces and gives solidity and depth to forms. Value refers to the relative degree of lightness and darkness of an object, whether colored or in black and white. Chiaroscuro is a technique of value contrasts used in drawing and painting. The value scale ranges from the lightest color to the darkest color. Color is a property of light. White, black, and gray are neutrals. Red, yellow, and blue are called primary colors. Orange, green, and violet are called secondary colors. A tertiary colors results in the mixture of a primary color and an adjacent secondary color. Hue is the basic name or identity of colors. Value indicates how light or dark a color is. Intensity repairs to the brightness or dullness of colors or their relative purity. Color harmony is the combination of colors or the selective use of two or more colors in a single composition. The harmonies of colors are related and contrasting. Monochromatic and analogous are related harmonies. Complementary, double complementary, split complementary, double split complementary and triad are contrasting color harmonies. The optical effects of color include warm hues, color hues, simultaneous contrast, ―still life,‖ and after image effect. Texture refers to the quality of a surface when we felt or touched. The three classifications of texture are tactile, artificial and visual. The impasto technique is used painters, referring to the use of thick layers of paint laid in such a way that some areas are thicker than the other, making it appear that paintings have actual surface textures.
Answer the following questions 1. How do lines portray spaces? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. How is the illusion of light created on two- dimensional art? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. When can you identify the color harmony of a work of art? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. How is an instant ―still life‖ created by colors? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. Give some ways in which people apply texture in their clothing. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Lesson 2: Principles of Design
Design is the organization of all art elements. The principle of design refers to the concepts that guide the process of developing significant form or meaning in an artwork. Rhythm, balance, proportion, variety, variation, emphasis, harmony, and unity are the principles of design. Rhythm is an organized movement which guides viewers from one unit to another with ease and pleasure. A common way of achieving movement is repetition. The following techniques are used in variation: parallelism, radiation, alternation, and sequence. Balance is a feeling of equality in weight, attention, or attraction of the various elements of art. There are two kinds of balance—formall or symmetrical and informal or a symmetrical. Proportion refers to the relationship of the parts to a whole and to one another. Variety implies diversity with variety. Variation may be achieved by using an element which differs or contrasts to prevent monotony. Emphasis is the dominating effect of a part to a whole in terms of weight, attraction, and importance. Harmony is the most important principle of design. Unity is achieved by an organized work of art from the effective combination of variety and harmony.
Answer the following questions 1. How do you practice the principle of design in your life? Explain. __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. What ways can be applied to a work of art to provide emphasis? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Give an example wherein the principle of design is achieved. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Activity 1 Design a sala or living room using the principles of design intelligently and properly. Illustrate on a bond paper your design Activity 2 Realistic Drawing Materials:
a variety of drawing pencils A variety of sizes and textures of papers An assortment of colored pencils, crayons, and others Resource books with clear, visible photographs of people, animals, buildings and others to be used as references for what things really look like.
Procedure: 1. Let the students work individually. 2. Have them choose their own materials for drawing. 3. Allow them to draw the subjects of their choice using the principles of design. 4. Have them provide a critique of their own artwork. Lesson 3: Theme and Purpose of an Artwork
The theme is the subject or topic of an artwork. The purpose is what the artist hoped to relay to the viewers and what he wants to achieve. The context is simply the message communicated by a work of art and what an artist wishes to express. Composition is how the artwork was put together. Iconography is the ―story‖ within an artwork. Realism, distortion, and abstraction are ways of representing a subject. Realism is a true and faithful way of depicting things as they would normally appear in nature. Distortion is a technique utilized by an artist to dramatize the shape of a figure to create an emotional effect. Abstraction is done when objects and elements are recognized or simplified according to the demands of artistic expression. Portrait, historical painting, religious painting, genre, domestic interiors, nude, landscape/ city scape/ urban scenes, seascape, and still life are the classifications of paintings.
Answer the following questions 1. What determines the manner of representing subject matter? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Is an artwork an accurate copy of what is existing in the natural world? Explain your answer. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Which among the classifications of paintings did you find the most interesting? Why? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Unscramble the letters to spell out the word being described. Write the answers on the blanks. 1. MEETH _______________________________________________________________ ď Ž The subject or topic of an artwork 2. PROEUPS _______________________________________________________________ -
What the artist hoped to relay to the viewers and what he wants to achieve
3. CNETOTN ________________________________________________________________ -
The message communicated by a work of art and what an artist wishes to express
4. CMOIINOPSTO ________________________________________________________________ -
How the artwork was put together
5. IOORPYCNGAH _________________________________________________________________
-
The ―story‖ within an artwork
6. RAIMELS _________________________________________________________________ -
A true and faithful way of depicting things as they would normally appear in nature
7. DSOTIOTRIN ______________________________________________________________ -
A technique utilized be an artist to dramatize the shape of a figure to create an emotional effect
8. ASRCINBTATO _________________________________________________________________ -
Objects and elements are recognized or simplified according to the demands of artistic expression
9. PRRIOTAT ________________________________________________________________ -
Its purpose is to capture the basic physical likeness of a subject
10. GNEER ________________________________________________________________ -
Its subject are people in moving every day situations
11. NDUE ________________________________________________________________ -
Common subjects of Western art
12. SILTL LFIE _________________________________________________________________ -
― natura morta‖
13. DMSIOETC ITROSNEIR _________________________________________________________________ -
Portrays a part of a structure
14. LNSAEADCP _________________________________________________________________ -
Depicts nature
15. HSOIAITRCL _________________________________________________________________ -
Kind of painting with the purpose of strengthening the moral fiber of a country
Activity 2 Visit an art museum or gallery. Choose an artwork then give its theme and purpose. Comment on it. Artwork: ____________________________________________________________ Theme: _____________________________________________________________ Purpose: ___________________________________________________________ Comments: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Lesson 4: Sculpture: A 3-D Art
Sculpture is a three- dimensional art work meaning it can be viewed from the top, sides, and bottom.. There are two kinds of sculpture: free style and relief style. The bas- relief and the high relief are two kinds of relief style. The two techniques in sculpture are the additive and subtractive techniques. Casting, modeling, welding, molding, pottery, construction, fabrication, papier mache, hammered sculpture, and mobile are the additive techniques in sculpture. Carving is the only subtractive technique in sculpture. Sculpture masterpieces worth mentioning are bronze casting, body forms, mobile, welded sculpture, and assemblage.
Answer the following questions 1. Why is carving a difficult process? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. How did our ancestor consider sculpture? __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ 3. What were the themes of sculptured works in modern times? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the best additive technique of sculpture in your opinion? Explain. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Lesson 5: Painting A 2-D Art Visual arts have components: two- dimensional art and three- dimensional art. Painting is a two- dimensional artwork because there are only two things in painting: the theme or the focus of the design and the space that serves as the background of the design. The subject, medium, style, and technique are the elements of painting. Painting in the Philippines can be described in four periods—the Indigenous Painting period, the combination of Indigenous and Foreign Perspective period, the Westernized Visual Arts period, and the Modern and Contemporary period. Genre painting is a style of painting in which everyday subjects are treated realistically. Answer the following questions 1. Why is painting a two- dimensional art? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe painting in the Indigenous Painting Period. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What is genre painting? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Why is the modern and contemporary period called art with ―gusto‖? __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Lesson 6: Medium and Techniques in Visual Arts Visual arts are classified into two kinds according to medium: twodimensional arts and three- dimensional arts. An artist communicates his or her ideas, thoughts, and feelings through a medium. Technique is the skill and control of an artist of his or her medium to achieve an aesthetic effect in an artwork.
The following are used as mediums for painting: oil, watercolor, tempera, fresco, encaustic, stained glass, mosaic, pencil, crayons, charcoal, ink, and pastel. Wood, steel, stone, brick, concrete are the mediums in architecture. Wood, bamboo and palm leaves, and brass are the mediums in folk arts. Stone, brick, and tiles, lime, bone and ivory, and clay are the mediums in architecture during the Spanish period.
Answer the following questions 1. Where does the choice of medium depend upon? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Why is oil a very flexible medium in painting? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Why is watercolor not a flexible medium in painting? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. What is easel painting? _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Chapter III: Dance, Theater, Cinema, Photography, and Printmaking Lesson 1: Dance and Its Elements
Dance is considered both as an art and as a recreation. Dance is an art when it narrates a story, sets a mood, or expresses an idea, thought, feeling, and emotion Dance is considered a recreation when it is perceived as fun, releasing energy and tension, and expressing a joyous milestone in one‘s life. Content (theme), movement, music, and spectacle are the elements of dance. Primitive, ritual, social, folk dance, ballet, and modern are the different forms of dances.
Answer the following questions 1. When is dance considered as an art? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. When is it considered a recreation? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Does a dance always tell a story?
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. Why are music and dance inseparable? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 5. Describe briefly the evolution of dance in the Philippines? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Write on the blanks the period when the following dances emerged. ___________ 1. foxtrot ___________ 2. polka ___________ 3. balitaw ___________ 4. boogie woogie ___________ 5. folk dancing ___________ 6. rigodon ___________ 7. Pinoy rock ___________ 8. polka ___________ 9. mazurka ___________ 10. rock n‘ roll
Activity 2 Group yourselves into four‘s. Choose a modern dance and present it in class. Lesson 2: Philippine Theater
Drama is a composition in prose that tells a story recreated by performers on stage in front of an audience. Theme, pilot, characters, language or dialogue, climax, music and specracle, and scenery and lightning are the elements of drama. Some traditional names of drama are the karilyo, dallat, daling- daling and dullot, dung- an, bayok, and pamanhikan. The komedya, senakulo, moro- moro, duplo, juego de prenda, salubong, bulaklakan, dalit, and moriones are the dramas during the Spanish period.
The bodabil opera, sedisyon, and zarzuela are the drama forms of the American period. The bodabil was the only form of drama that the Japanese approved. Drama in the modern or contemporary time are the dramas of reality and expressionism.
Answer the following questions 1. Describe drama during the Spanish period. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Why was the power of drama as seen by the Spanish friars? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Why was the zarzuela considered a powerful medium of nationalism? _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Why was Tagalog the medium used in drama during the Japanese regime? __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. Which among the dramas of contemporary times do you like most? Explain. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Is life a drama? Write a short composition. ______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Activity 2 Watch an ongoing drama at the Cultural Center or in any venue. Make a critique bearing in mind the elements of drama. Lesson 3: Philippine Cinema
Cinema/film or motion picture is the most popular form of entertainment and art. The positive after image (the retention of visual image of the eye) is the founding principle of cinema. Jose Nepomuceno is the ―Father of Philippine Cinema.‖
Movies in the Philippines began in 1897 when two Swiss businessmen introduced film shows. Harry Brown, an American, made the film La Vida de Rizal in 1912. Filipinos started moviemaking in 1919. The mainstream and the alternate are the two kinds of movies. The 1950‘s- 1970‘s were considered the Golden Age in Philippine cinema. Script, direction, cinematography, editing, production design, and sound/ music scoring are the elements of cinema.
Answer the following questions 1. Why was the 1950‘s- 1970‘s considered the Golden Age in Philippine cinema? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Why was Philippine cinema‘s growth impeded? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Do a film analysis of a film of your choice taking into consideration the elements of cinema. ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Activity 2 Form groups of four‘s. Act out certain portions of some recent local films. Chapter IV: Art and Society Lesson 1: The Filipino Cultural Heritage
The Philippines has a very advantageous location. The Philippines is a blending of the East and the West thus creating a multiculture. Tese foreign cultures and traditions have been shaped, modified, and refined to come out with a unique Filipino culture. The Filipino tribal minority groups are the pride of Philippine culture. The government is attempting to unify Filipinos in spite of topographical, distance, geographical, and varied beliefs/ religion. In times of disasters and calamities, the unity of the Filipinos is evident.
Answer the following questions 1. Why does the Philippines have a very advantageous location? ___________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. What comprises the multi- culture of the Philippines? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. How did the government attempt to unify Filipinos in spite of topographical, distance, geographical, and varied religious beliefs? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. When is the unity of the Filipinos evident? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 In your opinion, how can Filipinos be united? Make a composition or illustrate?
Activity 2 Make an accessory from indigenous materials of your choice. Present it in class. Lesson 2: Being Proud of One’s Cultural Identity
There are seven distinct elements of Filipino culture—values, personality, social unit, politics, economics, technology, and ecology Every Filipino is proud of his cultural identity
Answer the following questions 1. How can you be proud of your cultural identity? ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. How can you attract the world to appreciate Filipino culture?
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. Is it right for Filipinos to be proud of their cultural identity? Explain. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Paste pictures of Filipino talents who are world class performers. State their fields of expertise. Use another sheet of paper. Lesson 3: Foreign Influences in Arts and Culture
Foreign cultural influences are woven in the fabrics of Philippine society. The Pygmies, Indonesians, and Malays were the three different races who inhabited the Philippines before the Spaniards came. The culture and beliefs of the Filipinos underwent significant changes in the coming of the Spaniards who introduced European culture and arts. The Chinese, Hindus, Arabs were the groups of traders.
Answer the following questions 1. Which among the foreign cultural influences had the most impact in your life? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What is in store for Philippine art in the future? __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Write on the blanks the foreign influence who contributed the following. ___________ 1. European culture and arts ___________ 2. superstitious beliefs ___________ 3. Islam religion ___________ 4. education ___________ 5. English language ___________ 6. monuments for heroes ___________ 7. cremation ___________ 8. use of capiz as alternative for glass ___________ 9. love and respect for the family ___________ 10. public school system
Activity 2 Illustrate a foreign influence on Philippine arts and culture. Label.
Lesson 4: Indigenous Art   
Locally available materials were used by the natives during the precolonial period for their particular needs and purposes. Wood from narra, adda- an, and lutum trees compose the predominant materials in the indigenous adt of the Cordilleras. The sarimanok and the naga are the recognizable stylized decorative motifs in Muslim art.
Answer the following questions 1. How do Ifugaos, Bontocs, and Ibalois present the human form? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the fundamental element of Muslim art? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the status symbol of the Maranaos? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe a traditional Muslim house. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Activity 3 Wood Materials:
smooth, precut wood scraps Wood glue Containers for glue Brushes for glue Masking tape Paint Paintbrushes Things to add to the wood: wallpaper, upholstery, Rug samples, metal lids, modeling wax
Procedure: 1. Cover tables with newspaper. 2. Since glue is used, it is a good idea to find a large piece of wood to serve as a base. 3. Glue should be literally brushed on the edges of both pieces to be glued together. 4. After gluing a piece at a right angle to the base, glue a narrow strip of wood along the inside seam to provide support. 5. Masking tape can hold the pieces in place until dry. 6. Some of the wood constructions can be trees, ships, people, guitars, shelves, cars, and most of all, houses. Lesson 5: Philippine Art in Different Historical Periods
There already exists an ancient Philippine culture and lifestyle as early as the prehistoric period. The earliest container was made of bamboo, and its surface was engraved with the first linear designs. The Manunggul burial jar is the queen of Philippine prehistoric artifacts. The pre- Spanish period, the Spanish period, the American regime up to Japanese Occupation, and the Post- War Period to the Present were the different historical periods of Philippine Art. Painting was at a standstill during the Japanese occupation. The search for a Filipino identity and its depiction in artworks was the trend among artists in the 1950s and 1960s.
Answer the following questions 1. Where is pre-colonial art evident? __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ 2. How did the Spaniards use artworks? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did movie companies close during the four years of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Write on the blanks what historical period the following covered. _________ 1. linear designs in pottery _________ 2. comedias _________ 3. zarzuela _________ 4. abstraction in sculpture _________ 5. shells, leaves, flowers, and plumage for jewelry _________ 6. easel painting _________ 7. new materials in construction _________ 8. international style in architecture _________ 9. Manunggul burial jar _________ 10. moro- moro _________ 11. neo- classical architectural style _________ 12. environmental and situational sculptures _________ 13. bamboo ladders for houses _________ 14. Introduction of wood cuts _________ 15. barioque style of architecture _________ 16. semi- abstraction _________ 17. James Bond films‘ _________ 18. high- rice buildings _________ 19. search for a Filipino identity _________ 20. sex films
UNIT III: PHYSICAL EDUCATION: FITNESS AND WELLNESS Lesson 1: The Concepts of Fitness and Wellness
Fitness has to do with all aspects of your lifestyle, such as your attitude, outlook and how you treat yourself. The fitness Continuum is a diagram which deals with fitness as a process, not as a product based on one‘s lifestyle. Physical activity is any bodily movement produced by the skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. Kilocalories (Kcal) or kilojoules (Kj) measures energy expenditure (1kcal= 4. 184 kj).
TEPA, TEF, RMR, and AT are the categories which consist a one- day energy and vitality. Physical fitness is the ability of a person in a dynamic state of energy and vitality to perform regular daily activities without undue fatigue and with sufficient energy for enjoying leisurely pursuits and to meet unforeseen emergencies. The two measurable components of physical fitness are health- related fitness component and the skill- related fitness component. The health- related fitness component refers to the body‘s total functioning, including the cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. The skill- related fitness component refers to the quality of movement of an individual‘s skill, including agility, balance, coordination, power, and speed. Wellness refers to good health. Looking good, feeling good, enjoying life, and meeting emergencies are the benefits of fitness and wellness.
Answer the following questions 1. Explain the Fitness Continuum. 2. When does the TEF rise? 3. What happens when you stretch more? 4. What is the composition of the body mass? 5. Give the value of stretching. 6. How are fitness and wellness interrelated? Activity 1 Write a paragraph explaining why a person needs to build a lifetime fitness program early in life. __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
Lesson 2: Exercise Exercise improves the quality and extends the length of life of a person. The basic principles of exercise are the principle of overload, the principle of progression, the principle of specificity, the principle of frequency, the principle of warming up, and the principle of cooling down. The principle of overload is the most basic law of exercise.
The principle of progression involves gradually increasing the intensity and duration of exercise. The principle of specificity involves choosing an exercise or activity that provides the desired benefit. The principle of frequency involves how often you engage in an exercise program. The principle of warming up involves three to five minutes of activity where the muscles and joints are ready to do more exercises. The principle of cooling down involves at least three to five minutes of reduced exercise. The FITT formula for exercise stands for frequency, intensity, time, and type. Frequency refers to how often you perform a physical activity. Intensity refers to how you perform a physical activity. Time refers to the duration a physical activity is done. Type refers to the type of physical activity done to build a specific part of fitness or to gain a specific benefit. Warm- up, workout, and cool down are the segments of exercise. A warm- up is a series of activities or light rhythmical exercises performed at slow pace that conditions the body for more vigorous physical activities and helps prevent injury. A workout is the part of the physical activity program during which activities are done to improve fitness. A cool- down is an activity done after a workout to have the body recover from the demands of physical activity.
Answer the following questions 1. Enumerate the benefit of exercise. 2. Identify and describe the basic principles of exercise. 3. Describe the FITT formula for exercise. 4. Identify and describe the segments of exercise. 5. What are the factors to consider in choosing the exercises for workout?
Lesson 3: Health- Related Components of Fitness The assessment of the health- related fitness components are as follows: 1 kilometer walk/ run for cardiorespiratory endurance, partial curl- ups for abdominal strength ad endurance, right angle push- ups for arm strength muscles, shoulder stretch for flexibility of shoulder points, and trunk lift for flexibility and strength of the lower back. To get the correct data for the assessment of the health- related fitness components, follow strictly the correct procedure.
To prevent accidents and injuries, follow strictly safety/ precautionary measures.
Answer the following questions 1. Why is the assessment of the heath- related fitness components vital? 2. What is the purpose of the Physical Fitness Testing? Lesson 4: Skill- Related Components of Fitness
The skill- related fitness testing is used to identify potential athletes in different sports evets. The vertical jump to measure leg power, the shuttle run to measure agility, and the 40- meter sprint to measure speed are the measurements of the skillrelated fitness components. The proper procedure and accurate recording of data are necessary to get the correct assessment.
Chapter 2: Laro ng Lahi Lesson 1: The Concept of “Laro ng Lahi”
Laro ng Lahi are games of our ancestors and forefeathers which promote fitness and competition, cooperation, coordination, and teamwork, and socialization. Games are sets of activities which are done for recreation, encouraging fitness and competition, and help in developing health fitness programs to enhance vigor, flexibility, agility, and endurance. Single or indivisual games, dual games, and group games are the types of Laro ng Lahi. Jack and Poy or Bato- Bato Pick, lottery draw, or Bunutan, and toss Coin or taob or tihaya are ways to start the games
Answer the following questions 1. How can games promote physical fitness? 2. Name some Laro ng Lahi which are still popular. Lesson 2: Piko (Hop Scotch)
An individual game is the simplest and easiest activity in Laro ng lahi. Piko or hop scotch is a famous individual game for girls. Piko encourages flexibility, agility, and a well- balanced body. The skills developed in piko are jumping, hopping, and galloping.
The fitness components developed in piko are muscular strength, flexibility, power, and agility.
Answer the following questions 1. What skills are developed in playing piko? 2. What fitness components are developed in playing piko? Lesson 3: “Culliot” (Rope Pulling)
Culliot or rope pulling is considered one of the favorite dual games of men to test their physical strength, team work, strategies, and patience. The main objective of culliot is to display teamwork and coordination among team members. Arm strength, balance, and coordination are the skills developed in culliot. Muscular strength, muscular endurance, balance and flexibility are the fitness components developed in culliot. Teamwork, sportsmanship, and coordination are the values enhanced in culliot. The objective of culliot is to pull the rope that is wrapped around the waist of the player to get him off the circle. Culliot is similar to the ―tug of war.‖
Answer the following questions 1. In what way is Culliot similar to Tug of War? 2. What skills does culliot develop among players? Activity 1 Form 2 groups composed of boys. Play culliot following the proper procedure. Lesson 4: SIpa (Kicking Lead with partner and Luksong Tinik (Hurdling Thorns)
Sipa (Kicking lead with partner) and luksong tinik (hurdling thorns) are games that require players to have powerful legs and muscular endurance, proper leg and body coordination, balance, and flexibility. SIpa, a popular game for boys and girls, used to be an individual game but has become a group gggame. Luksong tinik‘s objective is for every member of the group to successfully jump over an obstacle consisting of hands and feet of the taya at different heights or levels.
Answer the following questions 1. What is sipa?
2. Differentiate luksong tinik from luksong lubid. Activity 1 Form groups and play sipa and luksong tinik following the proper procedure in playing the games. Lesson 5: Luksong Lubid (Jumping Rope) Dinoron (Pushing with bamboo), and Patintero
Luksong lubid (jumping rope), dinoron (pushing with bamboo), and patintero are group games for recreation. Luksong lubid develops rhythm, timing and body coordination. It also develops fitness components such as flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and balance.
Answer the following questions 1. What physical fitness components are developed in playing dinoron? 2. What is the objective of patintero? Activity 1 Divide the class into groups. Follow of the games strictly in playing jumping rope, dinoron, and patintero. Activity 2 Make a list of the physical skills common to the Laro ng Lahi games. Chapter 3: Team Sports Lesson 1: Basketball
The only major team sport that is completely American in origin in the history of sports is basketball. Dr. James Naismith invented basketball in 1891. The objective of basketball is to shoot the ball into the loop. Basketball‘s first 13 rules and regulations were made by Naismith in 1897. The first basketball game was played in January 20, 1892 in the girls division of YMCA school. Basketball became an official event in the Olympic Games in 1936.
Answer the following questions 1. How was basketball invented? 2. Name some of the popular basketball players in the Philippines at present.
Lesson 2: Basketball’s Fundamental Skills
Basketball requires total movement of the body and these movements must be executed properly. Footwork refers to the feet‘s movements when dribbling or when putting up defense. Defensive stance refers to the feet and hands movements in coordination with the body in cylindrical position as part of a player‘s defense.
Answer the following questions 1. Have you ever played basketball? 2. Did you follow the fundamental skills in playing basketball? Lesson 3: Dribbling and Passing
Dribbling and passing are two important skills in basketball which should be taught accurately with emphasis on the proper body position and footwork. Dribbling is the successive tapping or bouncing of the ball with the palm of the hands towards the floor with full control and follow through. The objectives of dribbling are (1) to advance the ball; (2) to break for a basket; and (3) to maneuver out of a difficult situation. The types of dribble are the cross- over dribble, between the leg dribble, spin or turn dribble, behind the back dribble, and on side right (left) dribble. Passing is the act of throwing the ball towards a teammate using any of the types of pass with correct body position or stance. The types of pass are chest pass (push or two- handed pass), baseball pass (one- handed pass), one handed pass, bounce pass, underhand pass, overhead pass, and two- handed overhead pass. Another very important fundamental skill in playing basketball is catching or receiving.
Answer the following questions 1. Differentiate dribbling from passing 2. Characterize each type of dribble. 3. Name the kinds of passing. Lesson 4: Shooting
Shooting is the act of throwing or putting the ball inside the goal or the ring. The jump shot, lay- up shot, set shot, and dunk shot are the types of shots. Pivoting and feinting are the other skills in basketball.
Answer the following questions
1. What is shooting? 2. Differentiate each kind of shot. 3. What are the other skills you need to learn in basketball? Lesson 5: Defensive Skills and Strategies
A defense is a counterattack for a good offense. There are three offensive strategies that are commonly applied in playing basketball: 2- 3- 2 of zone defense, 1- 2- 2 straight half court man- to- man defense, and 1- 1- 3 full court man- to- man full court trapping defense.
Answer the following questions 1. What are the different defensive skills and strategies taught by coaches to players? 2. Differentiate the different defensive skills and strategies in playing basketball. 3. Why is the zone defense considered the most famous defense of all times? Activity 1 1. Form groups to execute the different defensive drills. 2. Execution of the defensive strategies must be accurate and proper. Activity 2 Pretend you are a coach of the Philippine team. What defense strategy would you use? Lesson 6: Volleyball
William G. Morgan invented the game mintonette in 1895. A.G. Spalding created a ball suitable for mintonette. Dr. Alfred S. Halstead suggested to change the name of mintonette to volleyball in 1932. The name volleyball was derived from the nature of tossing or volleying the ball or hitting it with the hands and arms before it touches the ground. The Americans introduced volleyball to the Philippines in 1910. The YMCA, spearheaded by its director, Elwood S. Brown, brought volleyball to the barrios and towns in the Philippines. The Filipinos introduced the spike hit, one of the skills in volleyball, where the ball is hit close to the net with tremendous force. In 1964 at the Tokyo Olympics, volleyball and two other sports became an Olympic sport for men and women.
The ―libero‖ or universal player wears a different uniform among the members of the volleyball team. Volleyball is played in a rectangular court 9 m- wide and 18 m long using a spherical shaped ball weighing 260- 280 g. 6 players occupying a specified position compose a volleyball team. Proper and comfortable uniform and shoes are worn by players during a volleyball game.
Answer the following questions 1. How is volleyball different from basketball? 2. Why should players wear uniform in playing volleyball? Lesson 7: Basic Skills in Volleyball
Volleyball is also a physically demanding game just like any other sports. There are also warm- up exercises in volleyball, consisting of stretching and flexibility exercises to warm- up the body. A variety of drills to develop the skills in volleyball include footwork, arms and hands positions, and a combination of two.
Answer the following questions 1. Have you ever played volleyball? 2. Would you say it is a physically demanding game? Why? Activity 1 Perform the warm- up exercises in volleyball to warm- up the body. Activity 2 Execute the basic stance and positions of volleyball properly. Lesson 8: Receive and Pass
Receive/ receiving in volleyball is the act of controlling or getting the ball with the arms or with other body parts that can clearly direct or totally control the ball in preparation for team‘s offensive attack. The spike receive and the service receive are the two types of receive. A pass is the act of hitting or controlling the ball by hitting it preferably with the arms or a different body part intentionally or unintentionally (coming from a service) The dig pass and the overhead pass are the types of pass.
Answer the following questions 1. Differentiate receive from pass. 2. Explain how to properly execute a dig pass. 3. How do you execute an overhead pass? Activity 1 Identify. Write the answer on the blanks. ___________ 1. the act of hitting or controlling the ball by hitting it preferably with the arms or a different body part intentionally or unintentionally. ___________2. the act of controlling or getting the ball with the arms or with other body parts that can clearly direct or totally control the ball in preparation for a team‘s offensive attack. ___________3. a hard driven receive done by defensive players from a powerful hit coming from the offensive team ___________4. the most basic and common type of pass for beginners ___________5. a kind of pass used to redirect the ball with the most accuracy. ___________6. a soft driven receive usually done when receiving a service from the offensive player ___________7. another name for pass Lesson 9: Spike and Block
Spike and block are considered the more advanced skills in playing volleyball. Spike/ spiking is an offensive attack in volleyball with a powerful force over the new towards the court of the opponent to gain points. Approach is the basic or fundamental step towards hitting the ball. The 1- 2- 3 approach and the 1- 2- 3- 4 approach are the basic spiking approaches. Block/ Blocking is a defensive strategy in volleyball which involves one or more members of the defensive (receiving) team forming a screen of arms and hands near the net to block a spike on a hit executed by an offensive player. The basic steps for effective blocking techniques are the side step and the cross step. To improve his or her blocking ability, a volleyball player should practice the following:
(1) Read the ball; (2) Have perfect timing with the ball; and (3) Body coordination. Answer the following questions 1. What is a spike? 2. What is a block? 3. Name and explain the basic steps for blocking. Lesson 10: Volleyball’s Defensive Strategies
Volleyball is a game of defense because a good defense earns a point. 3- 2- 1 defense and the 2 – 4 or ―C‖ defense are the defensive strategies of volleyball. The 3- 2- 1 defense is commonly used when the spike on the hit by attackers is a long ball flight.
Answer the following questions 1. Explain why defense is essential in volleyball. 2. Why does the 3- 2- 1 defense need a high leaper? 3. What is the purpose of the ―C‖ defense? Activity 1 Defense Drill Form groups of six players. Each group will utilize one of the defensive strategies of volleyball. They will properly execute each defensive strategy. Chapter 4: Dance Lesson 1: The Basic Concepts of Dance
Dance is defined by Richard Krauss (1997) as an art performed by individuals or groups of human beings, existing in time, space, face, and flow, in which the human body is the instrument, and movement is the medium. The universal characteristics of dance are as follows: the use of the human body, has movement, style and form: serves to communicate, accompanied by rhythm, extends through time; exists in space; and exists in force. The basic forms of dances are the ballet, modern dance, classical dance, folk dance, ethnic dance, exercise dance, dance drama, allied movement form, popular dance, and ballroom dance. The functions of dance may vary according to society, class, age, sex, and religious affiliation to which the dancers belong.
Answer the following questions 1. Where did the word dance come from? 2. What are the characteristics of dance? 3. Name some colorful dances of the Chinese. 4. What is the Kabuki Theater? Activity 1 Choose one dance form. Make a report about it. Show some illustrations. Activity 2 Write a paragraph on the importance of dance. Lesson 2: Dance Fundamentals
The dance fundamentals are basic to all types of dances. One is able to perform and appreciate any type of dance when he or she learns the five fundamental positions of the arms and feet. The basic dance formations are the simple circle formations, double circle formations, triple circle formations. These formations tell where the dancer may be positioned during dancing. Some common dance terms and positions are of Tagalog, Visayan, Ilocano, and Ibanag origins. Other terms and positions have Spanish and American origins.
Answer the following questions 1. How important are the fundamental positions of the arms and feet in folk dancing? 2. Why is dance formation needed in folk dancing? Lesson 3: Dance Steps in
Time Music
One must know the step pattern, noe or rhythm pattern, and the corresponding counts in learning a dance step. Simple dance step combinations may eb created. The change step, cross change step, habanera step, plain polka, hop polka, contraganza, heel and toe polka, slide polka, haplik, and heel and toe change step are dance steps with counting‘s, step patterns, and rhythmic patterns in 2/4 time music.
Answer the following questions 1. Name some dance steps in 2/4 time music. 2. Why should one know the sep patterns in learning a dance step? 3. Name the different dance steps in 2/4 music.
Activity 1 With the help of the teacher, execute the basic dance steps in 2/4 time music. Activity 2 Perform the following dance step combinations in 2/4 time music a. plain polka, slide polka b. Cross- change, heel- toe change step Lesson 4: Dance Steps in ¾ Time Music
The waltz step, waltz balance, cross waltz, step swing hop, step brush swing, hop, mazurka, redoba, sangig, engano with a close, engano with a waltz, sway balance with a poit, sway balance with a brush, sway balance with a hop, sway balance with a raise, sway balance with a close, sway balance with a walts,, kuradang, bacui are the dance steps in ¾ time music. Blocking, close step, touch step, parallel tortillier, opposite tortillier, mincing, and shuffling are dance steps that can be danced in both 2/4 and ¾ time music.
Answer the following questions 1. Why is there a need for dancers to master the step patterns and counting‘s of the steps in ¾ time music? 2. Name the dance steps in ¾ time music.
UNIT IV: HEALTH: SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES AND PERSONAL HEALTH Lesson 1: School Health Services
School health services is a kind of service which is composed of different ways aimed at determining the health of students and other school personnel. Health forecast, preventive aspect, and remedial aspect are the aspects which compose school health services. Health forecast deals with the assessment or measurement of the present health situation of students and school personnel. A yearly medical examination is done by the school physician with the help of a nurse or a teacher to determine whether the health of the students and school personnel are normal. Dental examination is conducted by the school dentist for oral and dental care of the students. An eye examination is one way of assisting students with eye defects. The Snellen test is an eye examination done in school.
There are symptoms and signs of eye defects which are observable before conducting the eye examination like frequent rubbing of the eyes, nodding of the head, difficulty in reading, nearsightedness, blurred vision, headache, vomiting, and being cross- eyed. An ear examination is done to determine who among the students have ear defects. Height and weight are important indicators of the growth and development of a student. A growth chart or a 6- foot ruler is used to measure height. A weighing scale is used to measure weight. The preventive aspect of school health services includes treatment of illnesses, injuries, and accidents which happen in school; giving of referrals to specialists, hospitals, and health agencies; home visit to sick students and school personnel; and follow- up of those patients who were brought to hospitals
Answer the following questions 1. What is important in creating a stable and progressive country? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Give the relevance of a health forecast. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Discuss the whisper test or talking in whispers test. ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. How is height measured? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. How is weight measured? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 6. How does the school show care for children with physical disabilities? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Conduct a walking tour to the school clinic. Get to know your school‘s health team. Activity 4 Submit yourself to a health appraisal- height and weight taking, vision testing, and fitness testing.
Lesson 2: Good Personal Hygiene and the Skin
The skin is the largest organ of the body. The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers are the three layers of the skin. The epidermis is the skin‘s top layer. The dermis is the layer just below the epidermis, carrying nutrients and heat to the skin‘s surface. The subcutaneous layer insulates the body from changes in temperature and connects the skin to the body. Pores are small openings located in the epidermis. The melanin is the substance that causes suntans which protects the skin from the sun‘ ray. Oil glands keep the skin soft, waterproof, and moist. Sweat glands produce sweat that regulate the body‘s temperature. The nerve sends messages to the brain. Body odor, athlete‘s foot, acne, foot odor, ringworm, warts, boils and carbuncles, impetigo, psoriasis, and scabies are some skin problems. To much exposure to the sun causes wrinkles, sunburn, and skin cancer. We should take care of the skin by observing personal hygiene, taking a bath, washing the face, hands, and feet several times a day with soap and water to remove dirt, bacteria, and excess oil, and wearing the proper clothing to suit the weather.
Answer the following questions 1. Give the functions of the epidermis and the dermis. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. Differentiate an antiperspirant from a deodorant. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. Differentiate blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. Why should you never prick or squeeze pimples? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 5. Why is it advisable to have two pairs of shoes to wear alternately? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 6. What is the cure of warts?
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 7. Do you get sunburn only during sunny days? _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 8. How do you take care of the skin? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Directions: Read the situations below. Give your opinion on how you would deal with the following situations. 1. Your classmates try to avoid your best friend because of her offensive body odor. How would you tell her about this? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. Your friend is convincing you to swim between 9:00 am to lunchtime. Would you go with her? Why or why not? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. Lovie wears thick clothes during sunny weather. Is this proper? Why or why not? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Lesson 3: Care of the Hair, Teeth, Gums, and Nails Care of the hair, teeth, gums, and nails contributes much to an attractive and healthy appearance. Males and females both have the same amount of hair in the scalp and the underarms, but differ in other parts of the body. Hair growth, color, and coarseness are determined by pigment and heredity. Hair is also important to our health. Dandruff and head lice are some hair and scalp problems. Dandruff is whitish scurf on the scalp that comes off in small scales. Head lice are parasites living in the scalp and hair. The crown, neck and root are the three parts of the tooth. The crown is the visible part of the tooth above the gum. The neck is just below the gum
line. The root is a soft tissue that contains blood vessels and nerve endings. Enamel is considered the hardest substance in the body. We all have two sets of teeth during our lifetime. Twenty baby teeth or primary teeth is what we have at the age of three. A grown- up person has thirty – two permanent teeth. The incisors, canines or cuspids, premolars, and molars are the four types of permanent teeth which play important roles in preparing the food for use in the body. A dental cavity results from a tooth decay. Tooth decay is brought about by tiny food particles remaining in the mouth. Plaque is formed from the combination of food particles with bacteria and saliva and coats the teeth with every thin film. Acid is produced by the bacteria in plaque, and eats up through the enamel. Bad breath is the result of plaque, decayed teeth, and gums and throat infections. Gum disease starts with the build- up of tartar or calculus near the gums. Tartar or calculus is simply plaque that has hardened. Poor alignment occurs when the top teeth do not fit exactly over the bottom teeth. Effective dental care involves not only the proper brushing of teeth, but also eating nutritious foods, proper teeth flossing, and a regular dental check- up. Nails arise from the live roots within inner epidermal layers and die when grown out of the roots. Fingernails and toenails are hard, horny cells that develop into keratin tissue, a fiberlike material which fills the epidermis are outer cells and makes them tough and strong. Cuticles surround the fingernails and toenails.
Answer the following questions 1. How is black and brown or light brown hair produced? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 2. Explain the importance of hair to one‘s health. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. Why should you not use hot water to wash hair? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4. What does having a dry, dull, and brittle hair connote?
________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5. How would you know if you have head lice? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 6. Why can mouthwash worsen a mouth or throat infection? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 7. What is the first sign of gum disease? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 8. Describe effective dental care. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 9. How are toes and fingers protected? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 10. Why should the nails be cut across, not rounded? _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Lesson 4: Reaching the World Through the Five Sense Organs The sense of vision is the most delicate of all the five sense organs. Astigmatism, myopia or nearsightedness, hyperopia of farsightedness, amblyopia, strabismus, style, and sore eyes or conjunctivitis are the most frequent visual defects. The most common visual acuity test to evaluate a person‘s vision acuity is the Snellen‘s Chart. The sense of hearing provides information about the environment in the form of sounds, noises, and danger signals and gives us the senses of balance and equilibrium. Central hearing loss, conductive hearing loss, and sensorineural hearing loss are the major classifications of hearing impairements. Earache, ringing (tinnitus), and discharges are some common ear problems. The skin is the most visible protection of the body against infection The skin has sensory receptors that provide the sensations of pain, cold, heat, and pressure. Body odor, acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples, warts, and athlete‘s foot are common skin problems. The senses of taste and smell enhance each other and are closely related.
The taste buds are the sensory receptor cells within the papillae (lumps on the tongue). There are about 9000 taste buds. Rhinitis or the common cold is the most common nasal problem. Sore throat is due to lack of fluids and prolonged mouth breathing, cold virus, excessive use of voice, smoke and dust, cold drinks, and low body resistance.
Answer the following questions 1.Give the importance of the five sense organs. _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. How are the moods of people affected by the size of the pupils? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What does a yellowish sclera imply? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the sense of hearing? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. How are the senses of taste and smell closely related? ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Write a composition on how the five sense organs give you pleasure. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Activity 2 Choose a topic from the following to research in the library or surf in the Internet. 1.) Taste Buds 2.) Third Eye 3.) Runny Ear 4.) Reception Cells 5.) Color Blindness
Lesson 5: Posture Check Posture refers to the position or bearing of the body or one of its parts while the body is standing, walking, sitting, or lying. Posture differs with the individual‘s age, sex, and body type. The proper positioning of the feet is the basis for the entire body posture. Posture evaluation may be done through formal and informal observation and with measurement devices. The posture check method has two methods of recording: the individual form and the class form. Answer the following questions 1. What does a good posture reflect? How about poor posture? 2. What does correct feet positioning imply? 3. What happens when a person toes out? 4. How can posture evaluation be done? 5. What is scoliosis?
Chapter 2: Growth and Development Lesson 1: Puberty: Bodily Changes in Boys and Girls
Puberty or adolescence is the time when an individual experiences physical, mental, emotional, and social changes in his or her being. The age of puberty is influenced by heredity, body weight, nutrition, and social factors. Adolescences vary in their physical growth and development. The pituitary hormone starts the physical development in boys. The hormones released from the pituitary glands trigger physical changes in girls during puberty. Physical changes occur earlier in girls than boys, but boys rapidly change in physical appearance in their late teens. The common physical change which occurs to both boys and girls during adolescence is a marked increase in appetite.
Answer the following questions 1. When does an individual‘s growth and development start? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
2. What is the common physical change that occurs to both boys and girls during puberty? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Fill in the chart below with the physical changes that occur during puberty on males and females. MALE
FEMALE
Activity 2 Write the physical changes that you are presently undergoing as a teenager. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Lesson 2: The Endocrine Glands
The endocrine system consists of special organs called glands. A gland is a body organ that makes and stores fluids that the body needs. Endocrine glands are also called ductless glands because they have no tubes for their secretions to flow through. A hormone is a chemical substance that controls the growth and development and other body functions The hypothalamus gland, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, thymus glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and the gonads or sex glands are the endocrine glands. The hypothalamus gland serves as the sleep center, temperature regulating center, and appetite and hunger center of the body.
The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it produces seven hormones that control the function of the other glands. The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located near the center of the brain. The thyroid glands are butterfly- shaped glands located in the neck.. The parathyroid glands are four small glands in the neck. The thymus gland is an organ found in the chest. The adrenal glands are two small organs each found on the top of the kidney. The pancreas is a gland formed in the abdomen near the stomach. The Islets of Langerhans are a group of cells that are found in the pancreas which secrete its hormones. The ovaries and the testes are known as the gonads or the sex glands. The hormones estrogen and progesterone are also called the female sex hormones. The hormones secreted by the testes is responsible for stimulating the production of sperm cells. Retardation, dwarfism, giantism, acromegaly, hypothyroidism, goiter, diabetes, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia are common disorders of the endocrine system. The endocrine glands should be kept healthy to assure its normal function because the normal functioning of the body becomes affected if they do not function well.
Answer the following questions 1. Why is the pituitary gland commonly called the ―master gland‘? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the role of adrenaline in the body. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. How can goiter be prevented? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Why is the thymus gland important to the immune system of the body? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. How can you keep your endocrine glands healthy? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
Activity 1 Research on why people living far from the sea are more likely to develop goiter. Report to the class. Give some possible solutions. Lesson 3: Other Changes During Adolescence
Teenagers experience social, psychological, and mental changes during adolescence or puberty. The intelligence quotient or IQ is the measurable development which occurs during puberty. Heredity plays an important role in transmitting physical and mental characteristics from parents to children. Technological advancements in science and medicine and improved nutrition affect growth and development to children. Rebellion, sexual curiosity, drug abuse, self- starvation, and compulsive eating are some problems teenagers experience during puberty.
Answer the following questions 1. What are the social, psychological, and mental changes teenagers undergo during puberty? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the role of heredity in puberty? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the role of the environment in puberty? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Identify and describe some problems teenagers encounter during puberty. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 React to the following situations. 1. Ann‘s father insists that she follows curfew hours at home but Ann disagrees. What would you advise her to do? -______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. George sees an adult magazine in the sala. What would you do if you were in his place? __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Marlon‘s peer group were jamming together, passing a cigarette stick around. If you were Marlon, would you puff? Why or why not? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. Belinda is often teased by groupmates as a ―fat- so.‖ If you were Belinda, would you engage in excessive dieting? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. Gina is so depressed due to personal reasons. She engages in compulsive eating. What would you advise her? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Activity 2 Write on the paper column things which are beneficial or harmful to a teenager. BENEFICIAL
HARMFUL
Activity 3 Think of a problem that teenagers like you are likely to experience on the puberty stage. Use the skills that can be considered in making good, sound, and responsible decisions. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
Lesson 4: Coping Up With Changes During Puberty
Various information on sex and sexuality can be found in all forms of media. Teenagers can gain the trust and confidence of their parents and elders by obeying house rules, asking their permission before leaving home, telling them about their whereabouts, introducing their friends to them, being open regarding their personal feelings, and studying hard. Personal hygiene is a ―must‖ during puberty. Parents, the school, and the community play roles in providing correct health information and other querries. Good, sound, and responsible decision- making should show respect for yourself and others, safe, law- abiding, and adherence to your parent‘s will.
Answer the following questions 1. How does the Filipino youth today view sex and sexuality? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. How can teenagers gain the trust and confidence of their parents and elders? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe why personal hyienne is a ―must‖ during puberty. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe a good, sound, and responsible decision- making. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Write a composition on one of the following topics. 1. My Peer Group 2. My Craving for Independence 3. Adjusting to changes Brought About by Puberty 4. Enjoying puberty 5. How to gain the trust and confidence of y parents Activity 2 Write or illustrate on a bond paper about your ideas and feelings about being a teenager. Give an appropriate title to your work. __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Activity 3 Write below the things that would help you become a man or a woman during puberty. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER III: SAFETY AND FIRST AID Lesson 1: First Aid
First aid is the immediate and temporary emergency measure given to victims of sudden injury or illness at home school, or community with sufficient and skillful application of treatment. The purposes of first aid are: (1) to ease the pain and anxiety of the victim; (2) to prevent the worsening or deterioration of the victim‘s condition; and (3) to prevent death before the arrival of medical help. The urgent and priority measures in first aid are: (1) the assessment and maintenance of an airway. (2) placing the patient in recovery position; and (3) mouth- to- mouth resuscitation. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a life- saving procedure to restore normal breathing after cardiac arrest that includes the clearance of air passage to the lungs, mouth- to mouth method of artificial respiration, and heart massage by the exertion of pressure on the chest.
Answer the following questions 1. What is first aid? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What exact information should be given when calling for emergency assistance? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What should be determined in the assessment and maintenance of an airway? __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe placing the patient in recovery position. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
5. Describe mouth- to mouth resuscitation. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. How will a victim bleed to death within minutes? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7. How soon will a victim die when breathing ceases? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 8. How can a person be poisoned? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Read the situations presented. How would you address the following emergency situations? 1. Upon coming home from class, you found your sister‘s nose bleeding. She is left alone. How will you help her? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Your brother came home and slipped at the toy your sister left along the stairways. What would you do to help him? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Your classmate has cut her upper arm accidentally. What would you do? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Your big brother experienced muscle strain from playing basketball. What must you do? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Your best friend fell from the bicycle she was riding. What must you do? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Activity 2 Write why it is important to have a first aid kit at home. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________. Activity 3 Draw the contents of your first aid kit in a bond paper. Color and label them.
Lesson 2: First Aid for Wounds and Severe Bleeding
The kind of bleeding and the kind of wound sustained should first be identified to give the first aid treatment. The three kinds of bleeding based on the vital organs of the body are capillary bleeding, venous bleeding, and arterial bleeding. The two kinds of bleeding according to occurences are external bleeding and internal bleeding. A wound is any break in the continuity of a tissue of the body. There are two kinds of wounds: open wound and closed wound. Applying direct pressure, elevation of wounded part, use of the pressing point technique, and use of the tourniquet are some ways to stop bleeding in open wounds. An injury to the nose, a cold, a disease, or a strenuous physical activity cause nose bleed.
Answer the following questions 1. Why do you bleed when you cut yourself or sustain wound? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the four steps to follow in applying first aid for wounds? ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Differentiate the three kinds of bleeding. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Differentiate the two kinds of bleeding according to occurrence. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Differentiate the two kinds of wounds. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
6. What are the important points to be considered by the first aider in treating wounds? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 7. Why should stopping blood flow flow through a wound be a priority? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 8. Describe each way to stop bleeding in open wounds. a. applying direct pressure b. elevation of wounded part c. use of pressing point technique d. use of the tourniquet __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 9. Why is the use of the tourniquet a last resort to stop bleeding? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 10. Describe the first aid treatment for closed wounds. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 11. How do you know if a wound has already been infected? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Activity 1 Role play the first aid technique you will use in one of the following: 1. severe bleeding 2. wounds
Lesson 3: Causes and First Aid for Unconsciousness
Unconsciousness may be caused either by fainting and not related to an injury, or it may be related to an injury- related shock, convulsions, headinjury, respiratory failure, sudden illness, or drug use. A diminished supply of blood to the brain results in fainting. A heart attack is an acute episode of heart muscle.
A stroke occurs when a clot restricts circulation or a blood vessel in the brain ruptures.
Answer the following questions 1. Why does a person faint? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Enumerate the signs of a possible heart attack. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What are some symptoms of a stroke? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4.How would you determine if the victim is truly unconscious? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. What would you apply to continue first aid? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Lesson 4: Common Injuries
Bruises and wounds are skin injuries and underlying tissue injuries. Abrasion, incision, laceration, avulsion, and puncture wounds are several types of open wounds. Abrasion is the scraping of the superficial layer of the skin caused by accidental falls. A small but deep wound that could possibly penetrate the internal organs is called a puncture. A blister is a raised area of skin containing watery fluid. Sharp objects like knives, blades, broken ceramics, and glasses cause incision. Unsharp objects like animal teeth and irregular edges of metal roofings can cause laceration. Bleeding , disfigurement, and infection are the results of avulsion. A blister is a raised area of skin containing watery fluid. A loose object in the eye, an embedded object in the eye, a chemical burn, and a direct blow to the eye are the causes of eye injury. A splinter sound is a result of deeply embedded pieces of materials in a wound.
Answer the following questions 1. How can you reduce the pain and swelling of bruises and minor wounds? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the type of open wound commonly commonly encountered by children? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. When do you apply an antitetanus injection to an incision? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. How would you stop the severe bleeding o a laceration‘s infected area? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 5. How do body tissues tear? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 6. How is puncture conducive to infection? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7. How is the growth of microorganisms in a puncture enhanced? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 8. How do you pull out a splinter? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4: RESPONSIBLE USE OF DRUGS Lesson 1: The Nature of Drugs
A drug is any substance that causes bodily changes when injected, inhaled, swallowed, or applied. Drugs are taken for the following reasons: (1) to relieve boredom and satisfy curiosity; (2) to escape from problems; (3) peer pressure; (4) to rebel against authorities; and (5) to satisfy the feeling of belonging or being accepted. Drug misuse is the inappropriate taking of drugs occasionally or periodically. There are two kinds of drugs- prescription drugs and nonprescription drugs or over- the- counter (OTC) drugs. Prescription drugs are those prescribed by doctors. Non prescription or over- the- counter (OTC) drugs can be bought even without a doctor‘s prescription. Prescription drugs are available to: (1) prevent illness; (2) treat diseases; (3) relieve symptoms; and (4) control chronic conditions.
Becoming tolerant of, dependent on and addicted to drugs are among the factors that must be considered in using drugs. Dependence is a condition in which individuals become used to a drug that they think or feel they cannot function without it. Addiction is the compulsive need for and use of a habit- forming substance (as alcohol, heroine, or nicotine) characterized by well- defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal. Tolerance is the body‘s ability to become more responsive over time to a drug. Systematic drug action means that a drug is absorbed into and distributed by the bloodstream through the body. The major actions and effects of drugs with systematic action are as follows: (1) therapeutic action; (2) stimulation; (3) selective action; (4) depression; (5) cumulative action; (6) hypersensitivity; (7) idiosyncrasy; (8) antagonistic drugs; (9) side effect; (10) untoward effect;(11) tolerance; and (12) synergism, potentiation, and addiction. Synthetic, overdose, illegal, and legal drugs are the kinds of drugs. A synthetic drug is a drug made in the laboratory by combining chemicals. An overdose drug is a drug which is a dose in excess of the amount prescribed by the doctor. An illegal drug is a drug which is forbidden and its intake is punishable by law. A legal drug is a drug that is considered useful and could be sold. People become drug dependent due to relief of uneasiness and level of drug use.
Answer the following questions 1. Why are some drugs prescribed? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Why is important to read the labels of drugs? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3.What is the withdrawal syndrome? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. When does a person begin to take a drug more and more often? ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. When does a person develop physical and/ or psychic dependence on a drug? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
Lesson 2: Drugs and the Central Nervous System
The classification of drugs according to their effects on the central nervous system are the psychoactive drugs and nonpsychoactive drugs. Psychoactive drugs are drugs that have defects on the brain, producing a change of state of mood, perception, consciousness, and activities in the centrasolventsl nervous system. A substance like a psychoactive drug is capable of disrupting the normal functions of the nervous system. Stimulants, depressants, psychedelic hallucinogens, inhalants/ volatile solvents, and marijuana/ hashish are the five kinds of psychoactive drugs. Occasional users, thrill seekers, and addicts are the three kinds of drug users. Drug misuse refers to the taking of a drug for its intended purpose, but not in the appropriate amount, frequency, and manner. Drug abuse refers to the taking of a drug not for its intended purpose and in a manner that can result in damage to a person‘s health or his ability to function.
Answer the following questions 1. How do messages travel through your body? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Can the senses pick up different stimuli all the same time? Prove it. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Why are depressants the most commonly used and abused drugs? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Why are psychedelic hallucinogens never prescribed? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. Why do inhalants/ volatile solvents pose danger to children? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 6. Prove that people are drug- oriented. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
Activity 1 Tell what kind of drugs are the following (stimulant, depressant, psychedelic hallucinogens, or inhalant/ volatile solvent.
_______________ 1. lysergic acid diethylamide (LCD) _______________ 2. gasoline _______________ 3. caffeine _______________ 4. barbiturate _______________ 5. cocaine _______________ 6. pheusycyclidine (PCD) _______________ 7. nicotine _______________ 8. glue _______________ 9. morphine _______________ 10. Amphetamine Activity 2 Make a poster on DRUGS: NEVER USE! Be creative. Choose your own materials. Activity 3 Compose a song against drugs. Work in groups of four‘s. Lesson 3: Marijuana/ Hashish
Marijuana is akind of hallucinogen which is known for its mind- altering and intoxicating effects and which originated from the female Cannabis plant. Marijuana is dried and consumed in various ways like eaten, chewed, smoked, or sniffed in powdered form. Hashish is a concentrated resin made from the dried leaves of Cannabis and its purified and extracted from the marijuana plant. It is stronger than marijuana. The dangers of hashish include muscle spasms, cramps, and death The immediate effects of marijuana are dictated by the potency of the plant sources, the quantity and the user expectation. Marijuana has also immediate physical, mental, and emotional effects, as well as long term effects
Answer the following questions 1. When is marijuana quickly absorbed? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What dictates the immediate effects of marijuana? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Enumerate the following a. immediate physical effects of marijuana b. immediate effects of hashish c. immediate mental effects of marijuana d. immediate emotional effects
e. long- term effects of marijuana 4. Differentiate the effects of marijuana to males and females. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Whys is marijuana a prohibited drug? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
Activity 1 Research on current scientific research and studies being undertaken to determine the medicinal value of marijuana. REPORT IN CLASS. Lesson 4: Cigarette and Tobacco Use
The particular phase the gaseous phase describe cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoke. Nicotine, water, and tar are included in the particular phase. Tar is a thick dark sticky fluid that is produced when cigar or tobacco is burned. The gaseous phase of cigarette, cigar and pipe smoke is made up of variety of physiologically active compounds that include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia,, hydrogen cyanide, isoprene, acetaldehyde, and acetone. It is colorless, odorless and very poisonous gas formed by the incomplete burning of carbon. Carbon monoxide is the most damaging compound. Nicotine is the colorless oily compound which is the addictive element in cigarettes. Social acceptability, ignorance, rebellion, satisfying curiosity, relieving boredom, weight control, addiction, and pleasure are factors which lead people to smoke. Smoking have lots of ill effects. Passive (involuntary) smoking occurs when nonsmoker smokes the side stream smoke of a cigarette stick. Anxiety, irribitability, changes in mood and performance, severe discomfort, and cravings are the withdrawal symptoms of smoking. Cigarette advertisements associate smoking with good health and successful living.
Answer the following questions 1. Why does one‘s alertness increase when or he or she puffs a cigarette? _________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Give some more reasons why people smoke. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Why do some people become addicted to smoking? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Explain what passive (involuntary) smoking is. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. Mention one cigarette advertisement. Make an analysis. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
Activity 1 Form groups of four‘s. make an advertisement on cigarettes. Be creative. Create your own jingle. Activity 2 Make your own collage of quitting smoking. Give a title to your work.
Lesson 5: GROWING HEALTHY Attaining holistic health should be everybody‘s goal. At this point of your life you have many health concerns that need to be addressed. You need to develop all dimensions of your health. You also need coping skills to be able to face the challenges of adolescent life. Correct health information, a positive attitude, healthy practices and desirable coping skills will help you attain and maintain holistic health. Pre test Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer. A. The health dimensions are interrelated. However, some activities develop a specific dimension more than others. What dimension of health does each activity develop most? Write: 3
P for Physical health S for Social health MS for Moral-spiritual Health E for Emotional health M for Mental health
1. Telling the truth 2. Jogging around the park 3. Listening to mood music 4. Reading your favorite books 5. Getting enough rest and sleep 6. Eating a balanced diet regularly 7. Going out with family and friends 8. Respecting your parents and elders 9. Sharing jokes with family members 10. Playing chess, checkers, and Math games B. There are changes that happen to boys and girls during puberty. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ 1. Girls are taller than boys. 2. Girls‘ hips become broader. 3. Voice change occurs among boys. 4. Boys become more aggressive than girls. 5. Muscle growth is faster in girls than in boys. 6. Boys reach the age of puberty earlier than girls. 7. Girls and boys experience rapid mental growth. 8. Boys and girls like to be alone more than to be with friends. 9. Changes that happen to boys and girls occur in all dimensions. 10. Menstruation and enlargement of breast occur at the same time. C. Encircle the letter of your answer. 1. What will you do when you make a mistake? A. Cover it up. B. Admit your mistake. C. Pretend nothing happened. D. Hope that no one will find out. 2. How can unpleasant body odor due to active secretion of sweat glands be
prevented? A. Change clothes more often. B. Shave the hair of the armpit. C. Use perfume to hide the odor. D. Take a bath regularly and use deodorant. 3. When seeking social support to cope with problems, which of the following will NOT help? A. Stay alone inside the room. B. Talk to a friend who can help. C. Ask advice from a responsible adult. D. Talk to someone to know more about the problem. 4 4. What coping skill is applied when you say, ―I know I can do it‖? A. Self-talk strategy B. Solving the problem C. Avoiding and denying D. Seeking social support 5. What skills will help you get along well with other people? A. Coping skills B. Decision-making skills C. Problem-solving skills D. Social and communication skills
6. Saying you are sorry when you hurt someone, means you _____. A. do not have to pay back. B. want the person to forgive you. C. want the person to feel satisfied. D. are too proud to accept your mistake. 7. A healthful way to show your friend you are angry is to _____. A. ignore him/her. B. stay away from him/her. C. tell others you are angry with your friend. D. tell your friend what he/she said made you feel angry. 8. The avoiding coping strategy should be used ______. A. as a last resort. B. for long-term issues. C. for short-term issues. D. as a substitute for other coping skills. 9. Moodiness among boys is often due to changes in the level of their_______. A. adrenaline. B. testosterone. C. growth hormone . D. estrogen hormone .
10. Poor posture among adolescents is due to_______. A. eating less healthful food. B. doing strenuous exercises. C. slouching due to their height. D. playing computer and video games. practice or habit and (X) if it does not ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ clinic
1. I monitor my heath status. 2. I monitor the status of my weight. 3. I monitor any change in my posture . 4. I go to the dentist for a regular dental checkup. 5. I visit my doctor once a year even if I am not sick. 6. I undergo a screening test to know my health status. 5 7. I tell my health problems to my parents/health personnel. 8. I undergo a scoliosis screening in my school/barangay clinic. 9. I report unusual changes in my body breast to a responsible adult. 10. I take advantage of the health services in our school/barangay health
Evaluate your answer. How many did you check? The number of items you checked describes your health habits and practices: 9-10 - Excellent Keep it up! 7-8 - Very satisfactory 5-6 - Satisfactory 3-4 - Fair 1-2 - Need improvement—you need to change and correct your health habits and practices. E. Directions: The following are practices of adolescents in managing things. Write A if you Agree with the practice and D if you Disagree.
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1. Set attainable health goals. 2. Change your plan if you get frustrated. 3. Study a problem and plan how to solve it. 4. Adjust your goal if it is not possible to reach. 5. Take responsibility for something you did wrong. 6. Prioritize things when you have many things to do. 7. Think of strategies to change unhealthful practices. 8. Attend only to your own task, even in doing group work. 9. Work only with schoolmates whom you are comfortable with. 10. Reflect on what you have done when you‘re not sure it‘s right.