LITERATURE Front STUDY ON : cover CONTENTS: 1. INTRODUCTION. 2. TYPES OF GROUP HOUSING. 3. SCHEMES FORAFFORDABLE GROUP HOUSING IN INDIA. 4. ORIENTATION 5. NBC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES/BUILDINGS. 6. STANDARD DIMENSIONS 7. FORMATION OF CLUSTER 8. FIRE SAFETY 9. EXTERNAL FEATURES 10. CONNECTIVITY OF SPACES 11. SPACE ANALYSIS
PRESENTED TO: AR. SWATI BEHL AR. SHIVANI VERMA AR. BAJINDER KUMAR AR. SAHIL SINGHAL AR. RUPINDER KAUR
GROUP HOUSING
PRESENTED BY: • YOGITA GAIROLA (18079) • AARTI PANDEY (180002) • AASTHA NEGI (180003) • ANSHU RANA (180015) • MANSI SAXENA (180033) • RITESH SHARMA (180044)
GROUP HOUSING INTRODUCTION :
Group Housing means a group of houses for dwelling purposes and may comprise all or any of the following, namely: A dwelling unit; Open spaces intended for recreation and ventilation; Roads, paths, sewers, drains, water-supply and ancillary installations, street lighting and other amenities; or Convenient shopping place, schools, community hall or other amenities for common use;
In an apartment building, the spaces themselves must be single and universal enough to adopt a variety of lifestyles. As far as the movement through the apartment is concerned far more specific criteria can be established relying on basic circulation patterns that are valid for most living conditions. A well-planned apartment provides maximum privacy for various activities and makes movement to any room possible without crossing another. To achieve above various types of circulation, which govern the planning are to be kept in mind.
TYPES OF MULTI-STORIED HOUSING Simplex apartment The simplex is an apartment that has all Its room on one level • Both the living and sleeping activity occur on the same level • The close proximity of two activities, however may disturbing if they are not properly zoned • Major criticism for simplex has been the excessive amount of floor area required in corridors or stairs in order to gain access to the apartment •
THE DUPLEX APARTMENT The duplex is an apartment that is located on two levels • Living room, kitchen, and dining area on one level & sleeping area on the other level connected by an interior staircase • The major economic advantage is the elimination of a corridor & elevator doors on every other floor
TRIPLEX APARTMENT The triplex apartment located on three different levels • Living room, kitchen, and dining area on lower level & sleeping area on the upper levels connected by an interior staircase • This is restricted in high-rise apartment buildings it is supported in the private luxury-type buildings
A. TYPES OF GROUP HOUSING: 1. ROW HOUSING
Row house is, as the name suggests, one of many houses in a row. The style is mostly found in densely populated urban areas, where space is limited. The row house style has flourished for various reasons. For one, as cities grew, space became an issue. Construction methods and financial benefits also contributed to the popularity of row houses, which have been around since the 1600s. Row houses allowed builders to easily create homes, since they built several of them at one time.
2. CLUSTER HOUSING Cluster housing refers to a development in which homes are situated in groupings relatively close together, while larger areas of open space within the development form a buffer with adjacent land uses. Often this is accomplished through small individual lots, with the remainder of the land becoming common ground
B.
SCHEMES FOR AFFORDABLE GROUP HOUSING IN INDIA. •
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) PMAY was launched in 2015 with the goal to provide 20 million housing units to the homeless by March 2022. At the end of its first phase, more than 1 crore such houses were already constructed and allotted to beneficiaries. PMAY is divided into two parts, namely – • PMAY Urban • PMAY Gramin As the names of these schemes suggest, the former aims at helping urban residents acquire proper housing. The PMAY Gramin scheme, on the other hand, is concerned with providing affordable housing solutions to rural area residents.
SOME OTHER SCHEMES ARE : . •DDA Housing Scheme. •Rajiv Awas Yojana. •NTR Housing Scheme. •Tamil Nadu Housing Board Scheme. •MHADA Lottery Scheme.
LIG Housing: People belonging to the low-income group households that are capable of making a gross annual income of rupees 3 to 6 lakhs are categorised under this sub-heading.
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BUILDING RULES AND REGULATIONS
Building Height & Set back • •
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The maximum height up to which any building be built shall not exceed the width of abutting road or street plus the width of the set back The width of front and rear set backs, if left at any point of the building, shall be equal to one-fourth of the height of the building (minimum 2m) & the width of the side back if left at any point of the building shall be equal to one-fifth of the height of the building (minimum 1.5) Given permissible height = 20m
Minimum height of the room, verandah & ventilation •
The height of a habitable room shall not be less than 2.70m and the mean height of a water closet bathrooms, store room, gallery, Verandah and mezzanine floor shall not be less than 2.25 and the clear headroom in Area any case shall not be less than 2.25m Ground Coverage • •
Lot coverage is defined as the amount of structure that is covering the ground, or the “footprint” The area of projection shall not be counted towards the covered area • Given coverage area = 40% (max.) = 16,000 sq. m
Parking The total area under parking is not to be less than 10% of the area of the site plus 10% of the area of the covered area on all the floors
Staircase • • •
Every multi-stored building shall have provided with at least two staircase having minimum clear width of 1.20m No staircase in a building shall have a riser more than 22cm and tread of less than 23cm The width of the landing shall not be less than the width of the staircase
Light & Ventilation •
•
For daylighting of habitable rooms require at least one window opening or at least 10% of the floor area of the room. The percent of the area that will be openable ranges from 20 to 50 percent. The most common specification us 45%
Building Drawings Site plan
• •
1:400 for site measuring more than 4,000 sq. m The site plan shall be shows the boundaries, roads, tress, lamp posts, outline of the proposed building, levels of the site, courtyard, Open spaces and other features
Plans, Sections & Elevations
• • •
Scale is not less than 1:50 up to 1800 sq. m The plinth level of the building to the proposed street at the front of the building Level of courtyard and open spaces
ORIENTATION Orientation of building is to design building in such a way as it receives maximum ventilation and natural light in all climatic conditions. It provides comfortable living conditions inside the house/building and saves energy bills also
NBC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES/BUILDINGS. RESIDENTIAL USE ZONE :Good planning practice for designs of residential areas should include:• Light and air in the building • Protection against noise, dust and local hazards; • Open space for various family needs; • Easy circulation and access, safety from accidents; • As far as possible regular shape of plots; and • A logical arrangement of residential plots by size and shapes.The translation of these requirements into actual planning practice would vary with design relation and density patterns. PLOT COVERAGE SHOULD BE AS FOLLOWS:
The minimum area of plotted development within jurisdiction of urban local bodies shall be 5 acre and it shall be 4000 Sq. meter in case of Group Housing and commercial use. However, development norms of local Body in terms of set-backs, parking, height, ground coverage, FAR etc. shall be applicable. Frontage and Road width for Commercial Complexes/ Group Housing projects within and outside the local bodies limit shall be as follows:-
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NBC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES/BUILDINGS. SETBACKS: • • • • •
Building height below 24m the set back from all four sides is less than 6m. Building height between 24 35m the set back from all four side shall not be less than 9m. The formula of set back is 1/3rd of the building height. No construction in the set back area of the building. We can design a parking or any parking or any public health services related area like STP (Sewerage Treatment Plant, Gen set, Waste disposal or Rain Water Harvesting Pit.)
OPEN SPACE AROUND THE BUILDING
PARKING SPACE ECS ECS (EQUIVALENT CAR SPACE) • The ECS is 01 on each 100sq.m area. • If the area is more than 100 150sqm then the ECS is to be 1.25. • If the area is more than 150sqm then the ECS is 1.5 5/20/21
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NBC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES/BUILDINGS.
Guidelines related to building sites In case of damp sites, the surface of the ground and space between the walls has to be declared damp-proof, to the satisfaction of the authority. Building sites should be away from electric lines .
Guidelines for staircases in residential buildings •For group housing, where the floor area does not exceed 300 sq metres and the height of the building is not over 24 metres, a single staircase may be acceptable. In buildings that are identified in ByeLaws No 1.13 VI (a) to (m), a minimum of two staircases are compulsory. •In a residential low-rise building, the minimum width for the stairways is 0.9 metres. •For flats, hostels, group housing, guest houses, it is 1.25 metres. Guidelines on open areas in residential structures •Every room, habited by people, should open into an exterior or interior open space or verandah. •Open spaces should be counted in the FAR, as per the master plan. •These areas should be free of erections of any kind, except cornice, chajja or weather shade that is not more than 0.75 metres wide. •Every interior or exterior or air space should be maintained for the benefit of such building exclusively and shall be entirely within the 5/20/21 Add A Footer 11 owner’s own premises.
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NBC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES/BUILDINGS.
NBC guidelines related to kitchens •Every kitchen must have provision for washing utensils, with proper connection to drainage. •The kitchen must be provided with an impermeable floor. •The kitchen must open into an interior or exterior open space and should not be less than one sq metre. •The kitchen should not open into a shaft. •No chutes to be used in buildings above 15 metres. NBC guidelines related to bathrooms •One of the walls should have an opening to the open air. Minimum ventilation or window space should be provided measuring up to 0.37 sq metres. •A bathroom must always be over another bathroom or washing place or the terrace space and not over another room. Watertight floors can be an exception to this rule. •The seat should be made of non-absorbent material. •Bathrooms should be enclosed by partitions/walls, provided with an impervious surface with a height prescribed as not less than one metre. •The floor covering should be impervious too but sloping towards the drain and not towards any other room or balcony space. •A room provided with a water closet is to be used as a toilet only. These rooms must be provided with flush cisterns. •If there is a toilet on the terrace with a height of 2.2 metres, it should be counted in the Floor Area Ratio (FAR). •In the absence of a sewage outlet, a septic tank must be provided. NBC guidelines related to lofts •Apart from shops, lofts are permitted in residential 5/20/21buildings only. Add A Footer
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MINIMUM CARPET ARE REQUIREMENS IN RESIDENTIAL APARTMENTS ACC. TO NBC
MINIMUM BUILT UP AREA REQUIREMENT IN RESIDENTIAL APARTMENTS ACC. TO NBC • •
It is the carpet area plus the thickness of outer walls and the balcony. Permissible maximum ground coverage area is 40% in housing.
STILT FLOORS FOR PARKING
It means ground level portion of a building consisting of structural column supporting the super structure done without any enclosures and not more than 2.5m in the height from the ground level for the purpose of parking vehicles, scooters, cycles etc. •If the area is used for other purposes then the floor should be counted in F.A.R. 5/20/21
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STANDARD DIMENSIONS •
LIVABLE ROOM :MIN AREA 9.5 sq .m BREATH 2.4M MIN HEIGHT OF CEILING 2.75M. HEIGHT UNDER THE BEAM MEIN 2.45M •
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KITCHEN:MIN, AREA 5.0sq.m AND BREATH 1.5M. HEIGHT OF KITCHEN 2.7M
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KITCHEN USED AS DINNING ROOM , MIN AREA 9.5sq.m AND MIN WIDTH 2.4m.
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EXTERNAL CIRCULATION Vehicular & Pedestrians Circulation • On housing sites it is important to plan for easy and direct movement of pedestrians and vehicles • Convenience of circulation and safety must be considered & planned together • Pedestrians generally prefer to walk in direct, straight lines • Access & circulation for fire-fighting equipment, furniture moving vans, fuel trucks, garbage collection must be planned for efficient operation • Walking distance from the main entrances of buildings to the street, driveway, or parking court must be less than 100 ft.
Accessory Parking • Parking should never be more than 200ft from the dwellings it serves • Paved parking areas and courts must be provided • Dimensions of parking areas must be convenient use for occupant parking • Where necessary to provide for bumper clearance and earth beam for suitable screen planting, parking facilities must not to be Nearer than 5 ft. to any street
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EXTERNAL ELEMENTS
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FORMATION OF CLUSTERS
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CONNECTIVITY OF SPACES
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CONNECTIVITY OF SPACES
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SPACE ANALYSIS
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SPACE ANALYSIS
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SPACE ANALYSIS
SERVICE FLOOR :- (MEZZANINE FLOOR) FOR THE USE OF PIPES SERVICE DUCTS, ETC USED IN MULTISTOREY BUILDING, MAX HT 1.75M INC BEAM
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SPACE ANALYSIS
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FIRE SAFETY
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