Environmental Graphic Design People & Places Creative Design Strategy Planning Team
ISSUE. Way-finding Design
LINDA H. YOH
1. Wayfinding Design for Understanding
2. Why? objectives of CITY Trend ‘Walk & Health’
3. Wayfinding Design = EGD Graphic design ‘environmental communication’
1 웨이파인딩의 이해
Wayfinding: Design for Understanding
Wayfinding Definitions
능력
: 인간이 스스로 방향을 설정하고 앞을 향해 나아갈 수 있는 능력
방향 설정하다 .
방향을 향하여 나아가다 .
n. The ability of an animal to orientate itself and to navigate -Wiktionary : 스스로 체크인 , 셀프서비스 , 제품선별 등…
human resources, self-service ordering, self service check-in, surveys, directory services, ticketing, and product selection.”Retail Solutions Online Products : 문화적인 지도를 만드는 작업 “Comark provides both indoor and outdoor kiosk and digital signage solutions, suited for a range of applications, such as wayfinding,
cultural cartography
“Pile and Thrift, seeking to develop an alternative approach to that recognizes the fluidity, ambiguity, and multiplicity of any subject, suggest replacing the notion of mapping with that of "wayfinding," which they describe as "the process of 'visiting in turn all, or most, of the positions one takes to constitute the field ... [covering] descriptively as much of the terrain as possible, exploring it on foot rather than looking down at it from an airplane.” Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique
“Long a challenging environment for even New York's most alert cabbies, truckers and intrepid walkers and bikers, the transformation of Grand Army Plaza continues with a new lane for those coming off of Eastern Parkway, new landscaped pedestrian islands, a new traffic signal and
better signage
and wayfinding.”The Huffington Post: Joel Epstein: Lessons From Brooklyn for the LADOT
“Long Island City—forever the next "it" area—is one of four neighborhoods selected by The Wall Street Journal: The Lost Borough “
Parking lot wayfinding
: 더 나은 사인체계
the city for a "wayfinding system" that will tell people where they are and direct them on how to get to selected places.” : 주차장 시스템
by means of giant, stereoscopic anamorphic ...”Boing Boing
: 보행자 편의와 자전거 길찾기 pedestrian and bicycle wayfinding much easier.” Put The Grid Back Through Seattle Center « PubliCola “I believe Eric Arthur tried to do this with his wayfinding system only partially executed at St George station in the 1960s .”» City Council boards the DRL bandwagon • Spacing Toronto • understanding the urban landscape “Designers fight trench battles to persuade hospitals to use nomenclatures such as “Ear/Nose/Throat” rather than “Otolaryngology” when doing wayfinding systems and I bet more people would know what “Otolaryngology means compared to : 이비인후과 ( 통합적 치료관점 ) “OpenID”.”Does OpenID need to be hard? | FactoryCity “These are problems we've all faced, but they're especially complicated in India, where street names are not commonly known and the typical wayfinding strategy is to ask someone on the street .” Archive 2009-12-01 : 보행자의 동선 개선 “It facilitates improved pedestrian movement, wayfinding, and road capacity .” The real threat is Cul de Sacs « Stephen Rees’s blog “I'd much rather exclude them altogether but make
“The Festival of Maps Chicago is a citywide celebration, made up of more than 30 cultural and scientific institutions, dedicated to exploring and understanding the discoveries and history of wayfinding
space, and cultures” Maps: Finding Our Place in the World “Nick's been working with AIG on the Legible London project ground.”
“They're building on the ideas developed in the
: 시공간과 문화 경계를 넘어
across time,
for some time now, and it's not without a little pride that we see the pilot of the wayfinding system developed for London going into the
wayfinding thinking
: 읽기쉬운 런던시 프로젝트Plot | strategic design & innovation agents: : 웨이파인딩 사고 - 브리스톨
started in Bristol which they did all those years ago.”
Plot | strategic design & innovation agents:
Frutiger is based on Adrian's design for the signage system at Charles de Gaulle might help you choose it for that next wayfinding project and knowing he also designed Meridien might help you choose it as a suitable typeface to mix with it.” : 적합한 문자형태의 조합 “A pretty basic example perhaps, but knowing that
Are all typographers pretentious?
“If you're designing a wayfinding system you need to look at the whole picture and choose a typeface appropriately, not necessarily because it was designed for a specific project.”Are all typographers pretentious? : 총체적 그림 “Even though you can fly, a ramp is still a strong wayfinding mechanism.” Reflexive Architecture by Keystone Bouchard at 2nd Live
Depths
“
increase the wayfinding challenge through
The Image of the Undercity
spatial complexity
and by not providing maps a challenge met by players with add-on maps, quest walkthroughs and guided dungeon runs.”
: 공간적 복합화
“To clear things up, the airport brought in a team from Carter & Burgess Inc., a consulting firm based in Fort Worth, Texas, whose specialties include "wayfinding.”
environmental graphic design, also known as
The Wall Street Journal: To Clarify Sloppy Signage,
“And wayfinding specialists are considering the next wave of sign technology:
talking signs and video signs.” The Wall Street Journal: To Clarify Sloppy Signage,
“With the increase in the older adult population, there will be more drivers that have reduced senses and wayfinding abilities to
: 환경그래픽디자인 : 말하는 사인과 비디오사인의 새로운 물결의 사인기술 : 도시경관을 다 항해 할 수 있는 능력
navigate the urban landscape.”
The Globe and Mail - Home RSS feed
도시활성화 전략으로 확대
Way-finding 의 주요흐름
1960’
사람 & 장소
1970’-
BORN MODERN 모던그래픽디자인
WAYFINDING Kevin Lynch
Alvin Lustig 1915 – 1955 Alvin Lustig (1915-1955) trained at the Art Center School of Design in Los Angeles and also briefly studied with Frank Lloyd Wright. His career highlights include numerous book jackets for New Directions and Noonday Press. The Alvin Lustig Collection was donated to RIT in 1986 by his widow, Elaine Lustig Cohen. -- K.H.
present
Way-finding Designers (Women) deborah sussman
SIGNAGE Paul Arthur
EGD
ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHIC DESIGN
Jane Davis Doggett
ann dudrow
•
he claimed to have coined the word “signage”; and he wrote or cowrote several books, including Way-finding: People, Signs and Architecture (Arthur & Passini 1992).
legibility
John V. Follis,
그래픽 디자인회사
graphic designer whose signs and symbols included the logos for the Los Angeles Bicentennial and Disney World, has died. He was 71.
Graphic Design Expert Witness Lance Wyman
2004 Lance Wyman
Ivan Chermayeff Tom Geismar Rudolph de Harak Lella and Massimo Vignelli
환경그래픽디자인 회사의 출현 PENTAGRAM F.H.K Henrion
- INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
1970’-80’
1990’-2000’
Streets for People(1969) : “Altogether, cities correspond closely to the ideas and ideals of their inhabitants. They are the tangible expression of a nation’s spirit, or lack of spirit.” – Bernard Rudofsky (writer)
Visual Display (1983) of Quantitative Information
Information Anxiety(1989) Information Architecture(1996) : Wurman
: 1976 architect Richard Saul Wurman
서로 작용하다 , 교류하다 Interact between People & Places
정보 불안증
데이터의 시각화 Wurman’s Idea
도시와 거주민들은 모두 밀접한 관계의 아이디어이며 이상이다 . 그 둘은 국가의 혼의 실체적 표현 이다 .
Information anxiety To really experience a city fully, you have to acknowledge confusion_ Richard Saul Wurman 시간은 없고 따라잡아야 할 정보는 감당하지 못할 만큼 늘어나는 데서 오는 초조함 매일 쏟아져 나오는 책 , 신문 , 잡지 , 수십 개의 텔레비전 채널과 라디오 , 눈만 돌리면 보이는 전광판과 벽보 , 하다못해 지하철 안까지 들어온 스크린 . 인터넷…정보의 홍수 속에 또 필요한 정보들…
도시정보 시각화 이슈 !
- INFORMATION DESIGN
Map design
모든 사람의 문화 , 지적인 , 경제적인 , 정치적인 추구가 묻어난 역사적인 연대 기록
공중 교통망 , 대중교통체계 , 디지털 정보기술 반영 된 표지판과 핸드폰으로 점차 연결
Symbol design 가장 보편적으로 빠르게 의사소통 할 수 있는 역할
‘environmental communication’
BORN MODERN WAYFINDING DESIGN SIGNAGE SYSTEM DESIGN CITY IDENTITY DESIGN
Wayfinding evolution
- 모던그래픽디자인 - 도시디자인 - 사인체계디자인 - 도시정체성디자인
• 의사 / 결정 - 결정 / 수행 • 총체적 디자인철학
다양한 사람들을 돕는 언어적 시각적 단서 제공
• 공간적 문제해결 프로세스
의사결정 결정수행 결정 관련 정보화 과정
Way-finding Design Issue
People & Places 사람의 공간 지각 반영 - 시각적 접근을 통한 문맥의 이해 건물과 구조들 간의 신호가 어떻게 방향설정을 잡을 수 있는가에 대한 섬세한 접근
- 총체적 관점 Holistic view 이러한 프로세스를 통하여 총체적 관점에서의 사람들의 이해를 돕고 그들이 방문한 공간에서 즐거움을 갖도록 하는 역할이다 . “How to help people understand and enjoy the spaces they visit”
- 시대적 트랜드 User Interface
소비자 중심의 제품 설계에서 비롯된 유저인터페이스와의 일맥상통 User interface design has come into common use relatively recently!
Design Cue 사람과 장소 관계
legibility
사람들이 도시의 일부를 쉽게 인지할 수 있도록 인식될 수 있는 유형으로 정리 How easy can the parts of the cityscape be organized into a recognizable pattern
l) 식별성 - 구별되어 쉽게 인지 ll) 가독성 - 활자를 읽을 수 있는
【 Noun 】 I. distinctness that makes perception easy Reference discernability II. a quality of writing (print or handwriting) that can be easily read Reference readability
Way-finding Design Process •
머리 속 퍼즐 , 방향설정을 강조하는 생각 Think through the underlying mental puzzle of orientation
•
기획과 실시설계를 엮는 디자인 솔루션 Codify the steps to planning and implementing a design solution
•
프로젝트의 시작과 끝을 위한 공공의 과정을 탐색 실마리 And navigate the public process of initiating and successfully concluding a project
Collectively engaging People+Place Contexts 사람들이 공간을 둘러보며 방향을 찾아 갈수 있도록 돕는 디자인가이드 Scan the space to figure out!
2 왜 웨이파인딩인가 ? Why Wayfinding: GOOD WAYFINDING PROMOTES HEALING
Objectives of city wayfinding & signing:
Mayor of LONDON Transport for London
“ 문제해결 전략적 접근 프로세스 구현 “ SURVEY Static
- 타당근거 제시
MENTAL MAPPING
STAKE HOLDERS
USER NEEDS
40% 이상의 사람들이 걸어서 다닌다는 조사결과 etc. 1. 설문조사 Cognitive map Mental map 2. 이론조사
인지 / 멘탈 맵 방식을 활용 ( 웨이 파인딩 기원적 접근 ) - 문제점 파악 및 해결책 접근 전략 컨셉 도출 1.City walk every day journey 2.Walking map, living map
WALK& HEALTH
Legible City ID
Walking Nodes Map Area-Villige- Neighborhood
3.Multi use siganage system 그래픽적 접근 •London’s “tube map”
•지도를 통한 웨이 파인딩 그래픽시스템 구축의 효시
2010 Honor Award Legible London Planning and Design Applied
The Origin of Way-finding
1960’
Kevin Lynch: Kevin Lynch, born in 1918, was a significant contributor to
city planning and city design in the twentieth century. Kevin Andrew Lynch was educated at Yale University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and most notably, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At MIT, he went on to gain Professorship in 1963, and eventually earned professor emeritus status. Aside from research and teaching, Lynch was consultant to the state of Rhode Island, New England Medical Center, Boston Redevelopment Authority, Puerto Rico Industrial Development Corp., M.I.T. Planning Office, and other organizations. Throughout Lynch's outstanding career, he produced seven books. In his most
a five-year study that reveals what elements in the built structure of a city are important in the popular perception of the city. In his experimenting, he used Los Angeles, famous work, Image of the City (1960) Lynch describes
Boston, and Jersey City as case studies. By analyzing the results of this work, Lynch figured he would be able to observe specifically what about a city's built environment is important to the people who live there.
City Elements Create Images in Our Mind, 1960 paths, the streets, sidewalks, trails, and other channels in which people travel; edges, perceived boundaries such as walls, buildings, and shorelines; districts, relatively large sections of the city distinguished by some identity or character; nodes, focal points, intersections or loci; landmarks, readily identifiable objects which serve as external reference points.
paths, the streets, sidewalks, trails, and other channels in which people travel; edges, perceived boundaries such as walls, buildings, and shorelines; districts, relatively large sections of the city distinguished by some identity or character; nodes, focal points, intersections or loci; landmarks, readily identifiable objects which serve as external reference points.
Visitor -Walker’s Knowledge -현 위치 -도착 목적위치 -가는 경로 연결지점지역표시 -Node: wfs 목표출발도착지점
CASE 사람과 장소 관계 - 도시 Active CITY I walk NY
Health & Green CITY WALK CITY Wayfinding System
I walk NY
CASE 사람과 장소 관계 - Denmark, Copenhagen City
Life of quality CITY WALK& Bike CITY Public Communities
3 웨이파인딩 디자인은 ? WHAT IS WAYFINDING DESIGN?
‘environmental communication’
It’s a management system.
“… instead of the engineering department handling signs, information technology handling information disseminated at kiosks and on the Web, and marketing turning out brochures and on-site user guides and maps, one organizing group manages a complete and consistent wayfinding system.” (Cooper, 2009 p 25) a management approach to wayfinding incorporates all employees, including help desk personnel and interpreters (Cooper, 2009 p 25) wayfinding design requires a team approach (Cooper, 2004, p 24)
Universal design barrier free :
NY ,Long Island
Content + Identity+ Way finding