DESIGN 3 PORTFOLIO by Youssef Hassabo

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH 3554 Architectural Design Studio III

Overview School/Department: School of Sciences and Engineering/ Department of Architecture Sustainability in Architectural Design/ ARCH 3554 / Online: Sunday Section: Sundays [Lecture time 3:30pm – 4:15pm, Studio Feedback is organized in time slots 4:30pm - 8:30pm]. Wednesday Section: Wednesdays [Lecture time 2:00pm – 3:15pm, Studio Feedback is organized in time slots 3:30pm - 7:30pm]. Credits / Prerequisites / Semester offered: 4 hr Credit/Spring 2021 Almost 75% of the course will occur synchronously face to face (eg: Studio feedback sessions and selected lectures via zoom) – the rest will be asynchronously. Contact Information/Office Hours: Name: Khaled Tarabieh, LEED AP, Assoc AIA Title: Associate Professor of Sustainable Design Email address: ktarabieh@aucegypt.edu Online Office Hours: By appointment via email Name: Title: Email address: Online Office Hours:

Sherif Goubran Instructor sherifg@aucegypt.edu By appointment via email

Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs): Mirette Khorshid, mkhorshed@aucegypt.edu Mariam Amer, mariam.a@aucegypt.edu Aya Tarek, ayatarek@aucegypt.edu Mariam El Hussieny, mariam.elhussainy@aucegypt.edu Communication Procedures: Response time: Will respond within 24 hours on weekdays and 48 hours on weekends] Frequency: Students are expected to attend the lectures and Student feedback appointments that will take place in studio weekly on Sundays as shown in the schedule below. Students are required to be on camera LIVE for lecture and studio feedback times from their home office.

Course Information Course Description: Studio on Environment and Sustainability. This studio will allow students to investigate various aspects of the environment and ‘sustainability’ as a force within the architectural profession. Recent increases in global climatic and social pressures have necessitated environmental awareness as well as new architectural design solutions. Using current sustainable design strategies as a foundation, students will analyze and implement their own

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH 3554 Architectural Design Studio III

environmentally responsible analysis and designs. Conservation and recycling of materials and waste management. Field trip to gain hand on experience on the sustainable design and waste management is a requirement. Course Learning Outcomes: • Fulfillment of UIA Objectives 5 and 12): Have the ability to assess environmental issues in a building in relation to sustainability (materials impact, energy consumption, recycling building components and materials, etc). • Fulfillment of UIA Objectives 6 and 9): Appropriately develop abilities to use writing & graphic skills, fundamental design skills, and critical thinking skills in relation to ecological and sustainable concepts. • Fulfillment of UIA Objectives 1,8 and 13): Acquire analytical skills through understanding, evaluating and comparing between existing and historic precedents in relation to sustainable design (western and non-western) utilizing research capabilities • Fulfillment of UIA Objectives 11 and 16): Acquire means of assessing impact on community from a social and ecological stand point. • Fulfillment of UIA Objectives 7): Understand the impact of site conditions on the architectural decision-making process and the ability to apply these criteria to building configuration and form generation. Course Content: • Passive design strategies • Daylighting, Solar Radiation and Energy Simulation and Optimization Studies • Load Bearing Structural Systems • Sustainable Master Planning • IBC and Local Code driven design Course Materials: REFERENCE BOOKS • Aksamija A. Sustainable facades: Design methods for high-performance building envelopes. John Wiley & Sons; 2013. • Bradshaw, Vaughn. The building environment: Active and passive control systems. John Wiley & Sons, 2010. • Clark, Roger H., and Michael Pause. Precedents in architecture: analytic diagrams, formative ideas, and partis. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. • Crosbie MJ, editor. The passive solar design and construction handbook. John Wiley & Sons; 1998. • DeKay, Mark, and G. Z. Brown. Sun, wind, and light: Architectural design strategies. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. • Fathy, Hassan. Architecture for the poor: an experiment in rural Egypt. University of Chicago press, 2010. • Lechner, Norbert. Heating, cooling, lighting: Sustainable design methods for architects. John wiley & sons, 2014. • McDonough, William, and Michael Braungart. Cradle to cradle: Remaking the way we make things. North point press, 2010. • Mills, Criss B. Designing with models: A studio guide to making and using architectural design models. John Wiley & Sons, 2010. • Sinopoli JM. Smart buildings systems for architects, owners and builders. ButterworthHeinemann; 2009.

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH 3554 Architectural Design Studio III

• •

Szokolay, Steven V. Introduction to architectural science: the basis of sustainable design. Routledge, 2014. Yudelson J, Meyer U. The World's Greenest Buildings: Promise Versus Performance in Sustainable Design. Routledge; 2013.

Course Requirements Assessment/Grading Criteria: Grade 1. Research Report Grade 2 Progress Pin Ups Grade 3 Mid-term Grade 4 E-Portfolio [5% review/15% final] Grade 5 Final Jury: [Final Jury Poster Presentation 20% + 3D Model 5%]

20% 30% 5% 20% 25%

All pin ups will be discussed in studio and the students will be graded according to their attendance, participation, and generation of new ideas. The majority of the project grade will be placed on the student’s ability to develop his ideas from concept to finished product, integrating information and critiques at each stage. Students are expected to refer to relevant issues from their discussions, readings and lectures during critiques and throughout assignments. Students must receive a minimum grade of 60% in each of their individual works in order to pass the course, regardless of their attendance, portfolio grade and group work. They must also receive a minimum of 60% in their overall Course Outcome Proficiency assessment as well as 60% of each outcome criteria individually to pass the course. The grades will be assigned according to the following criteria. Grade F: Grade D: Grade C: Grade B: Grade A:

student failed to complete the work for the course and/or failed to meet the minimum required competency in all the required course outcomes student completed the work for the course at a passing level of competency in all required course outcomes student completed the work for the course and illustrated basic acceptable competencies in all required course outcomes student completed the work for the course at a high quality and mastered new skills. Many literal issues from discussions, readings and lectures were applied. student exceeded expectations of the course and applied many of the design issues from their discussions, readings and lectures to their course work.

University Policies Attendance Policy You are expected to attend all live class sessions and participate in all class activities as directed by your instructor. Students in all courses at the Department of Architecture are required to abide by the University approved Attendance Policy. The following specifics pertain to the course: Students shall attend and participate in all classes except for a pre-authorized excuse from the instructor. Students who have a pre-authorized excuse from the instructor shall

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH 3554 Architectural Design Studio III

coordinate with the instructor the time and place of submitting any missing assignment or taking an in-class missed quiz, test and/or exam. It is the sole responsibility of the student to follow-up with the instructor in this regard. Students who miss more than the maximum three-week equivalent of absences without an authorized approval of the instructor or not in compliance with the University Attendance Policy shall receive an F in the course. Academic Integrity Policy AUC academic fraud and dishonesty includes, but is not limited to, the following categories: cheating, plagiarism, fabrication, multiple submissions, obtaining unfair advantage, unauthorized access to academic or administrative systems, aiding and abetting, impersonation, threatening harm, and copyright infringement. For more elaboration about AUC academic integrity policy, please check the following link Academic Integrity • • •

https://documents.aucegypt.edu/Docs/Policies/AUC%20Acceptable%20Use%20Policy.p df https://documents.aucegypt.edu/Docs/Policies/Code%20of%20Ethics.pdf https://documents.aucegypt.edu/Docs/about_Policies/Reformatted%20disability%20pol icy.pdf

Online Course Requirements Participation requirements: Students must utilize the discussion board on Bb for any class discussions. Students are encouraged to post their questions on Bb for the benefit of the full class and to maximize the benefits of peer-to-peer interaction online. Online Course Components: • Students are responsible for downloading all course material in a timely manner. • This course has an external links section which will link to the university library’s online resources and online tutoring, etc. • Online Announcements will be used throughout this course to share important information using Bb. • Students must sign for a Remote host account to utilize the software installed on the University labs. • Students are responsible for the functionality of their own laptops or desktops, internet connection bandwidth and speed selection. • Google student drive folders will be created by the instructor/TA as “Owner” and the students are expected to upload all their output of [*.PSD, *.DWG, *.RVT, *.PDF, *.DOC] Files to this folder on weekly basis. Course navigation: Will be provided first day of class. Netiquette Guidelines: Communication is very important in this online course. In order to maintain a positive online environment for our class, we all need to follow the netiquette guidelines summarized below.

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH 3554 Architectural Design Studio III

All students are expected to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Show respect for the instructors and for other students in the class. Express differences of opinion in a polite and rational way. Maintain an environment of constructive criticism when commenting on the work of other students. Stay on topic when involved in group discussions or other collaborative activities. Use sentence case in messages. Use of all uppercase in a message is the equivalent of shouting and is considered offensive. Be careful when using acronyms. If you use an acronym it is best to spell out its meaning first, and then put the acronym in parentheses afterward, for example: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs). After that you can use the acronym freely throughout your message. Use good grammar and spelling, and avoid using text messaging shortcuts.

Information and Technology Literacy: Off-Campus library access: When you access one of our libraries' subscription databases from off-campus, you will be directed to a "proxy-screen" which asks you for a username/password to identify you as an AUC Community member. Once you enter your AUC username and password (details below) you will be directed to the database. Student technical assistant: The course GTAs will serve as the student technical assistants for issues related to the course tools. For hardware or Bb issues please communicate with the University UACT Technical help. Technology requirements: Students will need Internet access and a PC computer or a Macintosh with the latest version of a web browser. Students can access Blackboard/ Moodle anywhere Internet access is available. There are some guidelines to follow that will make the learning experience much more productive. Below are some recommendations: • • •

Firefox Web or Google Chrome browser are the browsers that work best with Blackboard and Moodle. If wireless connectivity problems are encountered, it is best to switch to a hardwired connection You should download the latest Autodesk REVIT version on your laptop.

Services for students with disabilities: If you are a student with a disability who requires accommodations, please contact the Office of Disabilities Services during the first few days of the semester. More information can be found at https://www.aucegypt.edu/student/well-being/disability-services

Course Calendar

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH 3554 Architectural Design Studio III

[Include detailed weekly or modular overviews. This can include major topics covered, assigned readings, required learning activities and assessments including due dates, schedule of exams. It is helpful to use a table format so that students can easily read and refer to this calendar. Wk 1

Date 01/31 & 02/03

02/07 & 02/10

02/14 & 02/17

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12

02/21 & 02/24 02/28 & 03/03 03/07 & 03/10 03/14 & 03/17 03/21 & 03/24 03/28 & 03/31 04/04 & 04/07 Make up 04/11 & 04/14 04/18 & 04/21 05/02 & 05/05 Make up 05/09 & 05/12

Studio Activity Introduction to the course requirements Lecture on daylight analysis/ solar radiation (assignment on Design II)

Research Work Research assignment description

Project Work

Research review

Program Confirmation

Lecture on Clay, El Fayoum and CEBs

Project Program and Case Study analysis

Preliminary Conceptual Sketching and Statement

Lecture on Air Flow and Ventilation (Flow Design) Lecture on Site Layout and Graphical Communication

N/A

Pre-Final Research Report inclusive of the Program and Conceptual Statement Final Research Submission (Three A1 Posters + Model)

Studio work: Schematic Design (Floor Plans) Studio work: Schematic Design (Floor Plans) Pin Up 1 Lecture on the Design for Sustainable Development, Studio work: Design Development ((Floor Plans +Sections +Analysis) Mid-term th

April 4 , 2021 is a Holiday – Sunday section make up day is Wednesday April 7th Studio work: Design Development ((Floor Plans +Sections) Pin Up 2 Spring break April 25th – May 2nd Lecture on Environmental Policy & Economics, Studio work: Design Development, Portfolio review 50% completion May 2nd is last day spring break, Sunday section make up day is Monday May 3rd, 2021 Studio work: Design Development 05/12 is a Holiday, Wednesday section make day is Thursday May 13th – Eid El Fetr second day

05/19 & 05/22 05/28 June 1

Final Jury Days (Sunday section on May 19th, Wednesday Section on May 22nd) Portfolio Submission Day (Students may submit earlier as needed) Grading deadline

F2F Days are indicated in RED

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH 3554 Architectural Design Studio III

Student Resources Centers University Writing Center: Provides a place where all University students, faculty, and staff are welcome to discuss their writing with trained writing consultants. The AUC serves online students. More information can be found here, https://www.aucegypt.edu/academics/mohamed-taymour-writing-andcommunication-center/writing-center-reservation-system University Learning Commons: Students are encouraged to use the Learning Commons as a hub in which to work quietly with friends, to catch up on the news, to update social media and more. When listening to music or watching videos, please remember to be respectful of those around you and always use headphones. The Learning Commons is a collaborative study space that provides AUC students with the support and resources they need to excel their coursework. http://schools.aucegypt.edu/library/about/Pages/L-Commons.aspx University Career Center Services: The American University in Cairo’s Career Center offers a variety of services to help students and graduates identify their career goals and paths, as well as gain work experience while studying at AUC. https://caps.aucegypt.edu/students/index.htm

Title: “Resilient farms and Agro-ecology: A proposal to deliver a Sustainable Agro-Farm model in Fayoum” Agro-ecological approaches are inspired by natural ecosystems. They focus on the interactions between plants, animals, soil organisms, people and the environment. This means that they optimize the use of natural resources, enhance biological processes in the soil, and improve biomass, nutrient, carbon and water cycles. This allows producers to reduce external inputs and costs, while improving the health and resilience of plants and animals. Different types of farming systems are using agro-ecological approaches. Some of these focus on diversification, including agroforestry, mixed crop livestock systems, or crop rotation and diversification to increase productivity and resource efficiency and create new market opportunities. In this project, you are expected to explore further this notion of agro-ecology to drive your inspiration for designing a sustainable farm in Fayoum, Egypt. Within the current efforts of expanding agricultural and animal production, this project aims to envision how Fayoum’s history and traditions, local knowledge, and modern sustainable agricultural practices can be merged – to create a more resilient future. You are expected to explore agro-ecological approaches, and identify one or more can be applied in Fayoum. Your program has to present symbiotic and synergistic interactions between different species of animals, birds, and/or plants as well as other natural resources. An example of this includes the use of closed loop fish and crop production systems, where the ammonia of fish waste acts as nutrients for plants. In this case, the facility will be focused on both fish and plant production.

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH 3554 Architectural Design Studio III

The project’s architecture is also expected to not only contain, but enhance the ecosystem required for your farm to flourish. You should design your facility to act as a local-economic development platform for residents, and as a teaching tool for its visitors about agro-ecology and sustainable development in the region. Moreover, your building has to embody local knowledge and tradition in construction, reflect the essence of the place, and be conceived as a model that can be replicated across the region. Location: New agricultural and desert-reclamation development in Fayoum General components of the program: • The project should have 7 key components: o Industrial structure for growing food (students to explore this program and the details of it) o Agro-processing facility: state of the art handling of produce, processing and packaging, including logistics and distribution zones (students to explore this program and the details of it). o Residence for workers o Retail space o Administration offices o Multi-purpose facility for young learners, and knowledge exchange spaces (for educating visitors such as young students or families) o Additional Program elements, depending the industrial program may include: Greenhouse (for production), Clinic for workers & veterinary clinic You are expected to: • Explore structures that inform the industrial typologies • Use Load bearing structural systems using stone, compressed earth blocks, rammed earth walls – in non-industrial zones (at the minimum) • Fish processing is recommended. (as a sustainable protein option integrated in Hyrdoponic or Aquaponic systems) • Utilize Innovative passive techniques in Architectural Design • Align the project goals with SDGs: students focus on one goal (SDG# 2) and align their projects with it. Explore the synergy that could happen between SDG 2 & SDG 12 looking at the end result which is food related. Sample references: • SEKEM: https://www.sekem.com/en/about/ • Nawaya: https://www.nawayaegypt.org/ • Engazaat: http://www.engazaat.com/Home • https://winrock.org/solutions/resilient-agriculture/ Detailed Project Program: The production space requirements and program will be the outcome of your research. The detailed program for supporting functions (admin, residence, learning-spaces and will be issued soon. [Copyright © American University in Cairo, 2020]

January 31st, 2021 ARCH 3554 – Sustainability in Architectural Design (Spring 2021) Research requirements: • • • • •

•

Definition of the term Vernacular citing actual references Select and analyse three research papers relevant to the topic of sustainability and vernacular architecture. Identify examples of earth architecture made with waste and recycled materials. Identify commercial products of building blocks made of recycled and up-cycled waste that can be utilized in new wall typologies Research the load bearing structural system, describe the span limitations, aspect ratio of wall thickness to height of wall, u-value of the composite walls and the different u-values of the wall layers. Select a case study from the works of Hassan Fathy or Wissa Wassef and detail the materiality issues, wall thickness, structural system. Build the model on REVIT and perform some analytical functions such as daylight analysis. Please obtain approval of the case from the instructor as the case cannot be duplicated between the different student groups.

Group formation: 3-4 students Rubric: • • •

Data collection and analysis (5 points) Case study building modelling and analysis (10 points) Poster design: Three A1 sheets with compiled information (5 points)

Research Phase The American University in Cairo Spring 2021 Arch Design Studio 3 (Sustainable) ARCH 3554/453 Dr. Khaled Tarabieh

Fares Yasser 900171872 Hend Bazeed 900171664 Manar Abou-Hussein 900182426 Youssef Hassabo 900170261

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Vernacular Deﬁnition

Analysis of 3 research papers

Relevant to topics of vernacular & sustainability

Earth Architecture Examples

Made with waste & recycled materials

Recycled and upcycled waste that can be utilized in new wall typologies

Load Bearing Structural System

Commercial Products of Building Blocks

Fathi Farm Case Study Analysis

DEFINITION 3

What Is Vernacular Architecture?

Vernacular Architecture Deﬁnition ➔

Vernacular architecture is a type of local or regional construction using traditional materials and resources from the area where the building is located.

➔

The architecture is closely related & strongly influenced by the context, the specific geographic features and the cultural aspects of the surroundings. Therefore, they are unique to different places in the world becoming means of reaffirming an identity.

References: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Vernacular_architecture

Example: ➔

Great Mosque of Djenne, Mali

This mosque celebrates the use of natural resources and is entirely made of mud brick allowing it to be the largest adobe structure in the world References:

https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/know-your-architects/a1627-10-stunning-exampl es-of-earth-architecture-around-the-world/

ANALYSIS 5

Analysis of 3 Research Papers

Paper 1: Sustainability and vernacular Architecture: Rethinking What Identity Is. AIM -

Sustainability and conserving the cultural identity are key points in Architecture. Describing vernacular architecture as unpretentious, simple, indigenous, traditional structures made of local materials and well-tried forms and styles.

EXAMPLES -

Arab countries have begun to re-examine their own traditions in the search for their own unique values and principles. This process had an impact on the production of contemporary architecture and eventually triggered an intense debate on how "localism" should be created other than the copying of fragments from the past.

IMPORTANCE -

Sustainability in architecture is a key element in determining the identity of architectural regionalism. Hidayatun, Prijotomo, and Rachmawati argue that: "Identity is of a permanent nature, perpetuity is supported by both natural and cultural environments, such as natural topography, material and cultural views 6 and habits. All of this is set out in the sustainable criteria.

Dr. Maha Salman, Yorkville University, Canada , Nov 2018

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330948349_Sustainability_and_Vernacular_ Architecture_Rethinking_What_Identity_Is

The use of traditional shading elements to shade the interior and decrease interior sun exposure

Paper 1: Sustainability and vernacular Architecture: Rethinking What Identity Is. EXAMPLES -

One of the most successful developments in architectural thinking that have emerged in the last three decades is the changing perception of tradition and innovation and the growing realization of their interdependence. Making connections between existing but previously unrelated concepts is now understood to be as much a part of the creative process as having a free and vivid imagination.

EXAMPLES -

In traditional societies and for centuries, people have lived in harmony with nature; they grew their food from surrounding region and developed their lifestyle in accordance with the available resources. They have construct buildings using the local building materials available in the surrounding environment using their hands. Developing building techniques afﬁliated with the physical characteristics of these materials. Traditional societies realized that their survival required them to sustain balance with lifecycle around them. In other words, traditional societies were the real pioneers of sustainable development over time in the perspective of natural and built environment.

Inspiration from environmental solutions in vernacular architecture within modern urban context-Masdar City-Abu Dhabi-UAE (Source: Salman, Maha).

Paper 2: Understanding Sustainable Architecture A REVIEW -

It must be based on a cohesive theoretical framework. This book sets out to provide the framework for this. The aim of this book is to be transformative by promoting understanding and discussing the commonly ignored assumptions behind the search. for a more environmentally sustainable approach to development. It is argued that design decisions must be based on both an ethical.

THE AIM -

Siwa Mud Brick Houses

To promote understanding and discuss the commonly ignored assumptions behind the search for a more environmentally sustainable approach to development. It is argued that design decisions must be based on an ethical and in an ethical position. That sustainability has always been a factor in design

THE EXAMPLE 8

Past architecture did not sustainability since they already encouraged sustainable material by Helen Bennetts, Antony Radford, Terry Williamson , London 2003 https://www.kobo.com/us/en/ebook/understanding-sustainable-architecture-1

Syria Beehive mud house

Paper 3: Sustainable Features of Vernacular Architecture: Housing of Eastern Black Sea Region as a Case Study AIM -

Analyzing how vernacular architecture can contribute to improving sustainability in construction. A vernacular housing in Turkey was analyzed in order to gather ﬁndings for the research.

FINDINGS -

When seeking more sustainable buildings, you should revisit the past in order to understand sustainable features of vernacular architecture. In this example, they have efﬁciently used the natural resources and materials provided by nature and have created their own environments by using local materials that are easily accessible in the nearest environments. Instead of treating nature as an obstacle to ‘cope with’ as modern technology does today, they made use of the best out of nature. Those materials are sustainable in the context being used and still represent the vernacular architecture of the context as well Reference: Burcu Salgın, Omer F. Bayram, Atacan Akgün and Koﬁ Agyekum, August 2017 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319155914_Sustainable_Features_of_Vernacular_Architecture_Housing_of_Eastern_Black_Sea_Region_as_a_Case_Study

Paper 3: Sustainable Features of Vernacular Architecture: Housing of Eastern Black Sea Region as a Case Study TECHNIQUES USED -

Environmental: Use of high thermal mass materials (wood) Environmental: Building within the greenery context so vegetation could act as a shading strategy and cool down the surrounding in hot weather Use of tilted roofs to help drain rain water Use of stone to act as a strong foundation base

USEFULNESS -

Climatic conditions of the site should be well evaluated in order to choose the most suitable material through the locally available materials such as used in the example with wood.

It is smart to use abundant and available materials while designing.

EXAMPLES 11

Earth Architecture Examples

Earth Architecture Examples ◂ Identiﬁcation of Earth Architecture examples made with waste and recycled materials: ◂ DEFINITION?

One of the most original and powerful expressions of our ability to create a built environment with readily available resources.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? -

Less economic Recycable Sustainable Environmentally friendly

EXAMPLES OF EARTH ARCHITECTURE ? -

Rammed Earth Mud Bamboo Wood

- GrassCrete - HempCrete - Mycelium - Cob

Earth Architecture Examples ◂ RAMMED EARTH ◂

A method used in small projects. The layering of soil inside a wooden framework that is rammed with a wooden rammer.

COMPONENTS: -

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7288123/#:~:text=Rammed%20earth%20is%20a%20sustainable,a nd%20then%20water%20is%20added.

50 - 70% of gravel and sand 15 - 30% of silt 10-20% of clay

TECHNIQUE 13 -

A soil sample will be collected and returned to the lab for testing Three tests were conducted to determine the strength - Sedimentary Moisture - Compressive Strength Excavation of the soil Preparation of the mixture Insert mixture in the formword Compaction

Advantages - Low Cost - High durability - provide excellent protection from extremes in climate - Rammed Earth is non-toxic - Non-polluting Disadvantages (Surface) - Cracks - Loss of adhesion - Peeling - Flakes - Disadvantages (Structural) - Bulging; abrasión dam - Low level erosion at base of wall - Structural cracking (overload) - Loss of adhesion

Earth Architecture Examples ◂ EARTH HOUSE/ EARTHLAB STUDIO (RAMMED EARTH) ◂

ARCHITECT: Tatiana Bilbao Year: 2010 location: Jalostotitlan, México The architect used rammed earth to build thick insulated walls to protect the house from the climate changes and provide an optimal temperature control. Rammed earth was used

Building with earth creates harmony between vernacular and modern architecture, tradition and technology, past and present/ With combination of earth and a conventional material like concrete the old and the new work together

in14 this building to reduce the general cost as it is extremely efﬁcient as a load bearing structure thus there will be no extra insulation costs added to the project.

The rammed-earth walls are the heart of the house, they create a free space that receives guests between massive soil structure and the Mexican brick vault.

Earth Architecture Examples ◂ COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCK ◂

A Unique earthen construction technique that combines the sustainability beneﬁts of using dirt for our homes’ walls while signiﬁcantly improving the aesthetics and structural integrity and strength of earthen structures

COMPONENTS: -

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509516300420#:~:text=Typically%2C%20CEBs%20are%2 0formed%20using,or%20hydraulically%2C%20to%20form%20blocks.

40-70% angular sand aggregate 30-60% clayey soil 4-10% cement 8-12% water

TECHNIQUE 15 -

CEB can be compressed in many different shapes and sizes Soil is screened through ¼ inch mesh Add the proper amount of water Dirt the raw material for pressed earth blocks The brick set with a mortar to form a wall Four hands speeds up the blending Finally Ocotillo is added

Advantages - Sustainable for homes (cooler in summer and warmer in winter) - Adaptable to complex design - Easily available all over - Load bearing (can do whatever you want with the walls) Disadvantages - Proper soil identiﬁcation is required - A skilled labour is required - Not suitable for high buildings

Earth Architecture Examples ◂ PRIMARY SCHOOL IN BALAGUINA (CEB) ◂

ARCHITECT: Joop van Stigt Area: 420 m2 Year: 2012 location: Balaguina The building withstands the climate of both hot sunlight and heavy rainfall. The stones are produced on the spot from locally mined. 16

The architecture of the school building is a search for a connection with the local traditions of culture and architecture. Through the use of a newly developed hydraulic-compressed earth block. The ﬂoors are made of compressed earth blocks of 4 kilos, half thickness. To prevent termites for damaging the building, the ground is sprinkled with salt.

The roof of compressed earth blocks, instead of corrugated sheeting, veranda’s on both sides and ventilation pipes contribute to a comfortable inside climate.

Earth Architecture Examples ◂ CLAY BLOCKS ◂

Can be transformed into blocks that are later used in building structural walls.

The technique is very easily learned method that is used by the communities to build their own structures.

COMPONENTS: -

https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=tasr.2014.574.587#:~:text=By%20weight%2C%20bricks%20basicall y%20consist,1.

Silt Clay Water

TECHNIQUE -

Adding water on the silt Compressing the component till it becomes sticky and malleable 17

Advantages - Provides Thermal mass - Absorbs heat when in excess - High durable - Releases heat when needed Disadvantages - Difﬁcult in installation - Requires drying period before ﬁnishing - Slow in construction

Earth Architecture Examples ◂ THE FREE DOME (CLAY) ◂

ARCHITECT: Adel Fahmy Area: 300 square meters Year: 1997 location: Lake Qarun, Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Building materials: Clay and natural stones. Building construction: Bearing walls, rooﬁng by domes and vaults. 18

The main concepts applied in the construction of the project: 1) Using the natural building materials in the area (clay and Taﬂa bricks). 2) Integration of the inner-court system. 3) Covering the roofs with domes and vaults. 4) Demonstration of an example of 6.25m dome, built by the clay bricks. 5) Practical training of the local masonry for the improved method of building a large dome.

Earth Architecture Examples THE DEBRIS HOUSE IN PATHANAMTHITTA, INDIA AIM -

Inspire the Town to ﬁnd their own language

MATERIALS USED -

Rammed Earth Recycled Materials like Mud Wood Concrete & Coconut Shelves

Earth Architecture Examples THE MACHA VILLAGE CENTER/ ONEARTHARCH ARCHITECT AIM -

Construction with earthen materials, as one of the oldest traditional technology, which was widely employed over China during the past thousand years.

MATERIALS USED 20

Brick Masonry Cob Rammed Earth Wooden Structure

Earth Architecture Examples CHIRATH BY WALLMAKERS

AIM -

Mud and recycled materials make up this sustainable kerala home

MATERIALS USED -

Waste steel Recycled Wood Mud

Earth Architecture Examples GREAT MOSQUE OF DJENNE

AIM -

Create one of the world largest earthen building in Africa

MATERIALS USED 22

Straw Bricks Baked mud Palm woods Wooden Structure Sun baked earth-bricks Torón Palm sticks

Earth Architecture Examples HAKKA HOUSES,CHINA

AIM -

Communal living structures in Southern China Designed Predominately for Defensive Purposes

MATERIALS USED -

Timber Rammed Earth

Earth Architecture Examples FIRED CERAMIC ‘GELTAFTAN’ BUILDINGS AIM -

Creating ceramic houses based on the notion that permanent, water and earthquake-resistant houses could be erected with the application of the four elements: earth and water to attain the forms, and ﬁre and air to ﬁnish them.

MATERIALS USED -

Clay Ceramic

Earth Architecture Examples COB HOUSE ON MAYNE ISLAND

AIM -

Designing the ﬁrst Cob house in Canada that goes through the building permit process

MATERIALS USED -

Clay Sand Straw Cob

Recycled Material 27

What falls under the umbrella of "recycled building materials"? This is a pretty broad category, and it encompasses any materials that came from another building site or another initial usage altogether. The term reused is a synonym

Recycled Plastic 28

Availability: -There are 1.3 million tonnes of plastic waste ending in open sites each year in Egypt - There are multiple factories that are responsible for recycling plastic. The closest one is an hour and half which makes it easy to transport.

Usages :

1. Rooﬁng Tiles ● Lighter material ● Easier, quicker installation ● Lower carbon footprint 2. Concrete ● Extreme versatility and ability to be tailored to meet speciﬁc technical needs. ● Lighter weight than competing materials reducing fuel consumption during transportation. 3. Indoor Insulation ● Easy installation ● Durability ● Long-term energy savings

4. PVC Windows ● Longer lifetime (up to 40 years) ● Surplus of production material ● Same insulation quality as regular plastic

5. Structural Lumber By using plastic to make lumber instead of wood, you no longer have to spray wood with toxic preservatives to protect it from aspects such as weather. 6. Bricks Recycled bricks can be put together in a LEGO-like way, making a home’s building time much quicker than it would be with traditional brick. This plastic product can also be ﬁre-resistant, is cheaper, and, of course, is more eco-friendly.

7. Fences ● Longevity (can be exposed to many weather elements without rotting) ● Durability ● No need for paint (color can be added in during recycling process) 8. Floor Tiles ● Easy installation process ● Easy to clean ● Quiet and warm ● Affordable 9. Ceiling Tiles ● ● ● ● 30

Low maintenance (no painting, varnishing, or additional coats required once installed) Long lasting Affordable Great insulation material

Beneﬁts : They are often cost neutral.

They can help win tenders.

A wide and ever growing range of applications are catered for.

Products are widely available in small or large quantities.

They help demonstrate your business's commitment to sustainability

Using them stimulates demand for more recycled raw materials.

A PLASTIC BOTTLE HOUSE – BOLIVIA By Ingrid Vaca Diez

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A house built out of plastic bottles. The walls are made of discarded bottles filled with mud and sand. Ingrid thought that such construction could solve both the homelessness and the recycling problems in Bolivia.

The result of this project was a house with a modern design, which looks as if it were built out of more expensive materials. 32

Recycled Car Tyre 33

Availability: Egypt creates 20 million waste tyres annually and barely 10 percent of those are recycled - Mit Al harun is A village in Egypt has been earning a living off recycled tyres for decades and 3 hours away .

Usages:

1.Gravel Substitute Anywhere gravel is used, chances are that tire chips can be used instead. Applications include: sub-layers for roadways, aggregate for drainage ditches, and highway embankment backﬁll. Tire chips can limit frost penetration, when used under roads in cold climates. They are nearly three times as light as gravel, which on its own can produce incredible savings in labor, equipment costs and time. Tire chips are used under light rail tracks that run adjacent to homes and businesses, to reduce vibration and noise mitigation from passing trains.

2.Crumb Rubber Crumb rubber is ﬁnely ground rubber produced from waste tires. Steel and tire cords are removed from discarded tires, and the remaining rubber is reduced to a granular consistency. Some applications for crumb rubber include: rubberized asphalt, playground ﬂooring, welcome mats, anti-fatigue mats and vehicle mud guards.

3.Landfill Medium Shredded or chipped tires can be used as both a liner and/or a cover for landfills. Tire chips can be used as a thermal insulation between primary and secondary landfill liners to reduce temperatures. They also provide a great alternative to coal or incinerator ash, since both are permeable. Finally, tire chips can be used as an efficient and cost-effective landscaping medium for landfills 4.Wall Tires make an inexpensive solution that requires no concrete, wood or steel. The proper construction of a tire retaining wall involves filling the tires with dirt that’s compacted with a sledgehammer or a pneumatic tamper.

Beneﬁts : Economy

Increase energy efﬁciency

Sustainable

Minimal waste material

Strong and durable

CAR TYRE HOUSE IN BRUSNICA, SERBIA By Bojan Jovanovic and Smilja Ignjatovic ➔

An example of a car tire house built according to the Earth ship method can also be found in Serbi. In addition to car tires, about 300 of them, the house also consists of glass bottles, aluminium cans, earth mortar, straw, wood, concrete, and bricks. Old glass will be used to build the greenhouse. This Earthship house has a green roof and a composting toilet, i.e. a toilet bowl without a flushing system and without a cesspit. All household waste water is purified naturally.

An example of a car tire house built according to the Earth ship method 37

Recycled Aluminium 38

Availability: 8.7 million tonnes are paper, cardboard and soda bottles and cans - Egyptian solid waste management is an hour and half away making it easy to access and transport materials for construction

Usages:

Aluminum is used in external facades, roofs and walls, in windows and doors, in staircases, railings, shelves, and other several applications. ex. used as sand replacement in concrete. The use of these materials not only helps in the natural resources such as sand, aggregate, cement and other building. However, it also helps in reducing the manufacturing cost of the concrete.

Beneﬁts : Economy

Creating strong, weatherproof buildings

Sustainable

HOUSE BUILT OF RECYCLED MATERIALS, DENMARK

➔

The load bearing structure of the house comprises two prefabricated shipping containers with insulated exteriors. The roof and the façade are built out of aluminium soda cans. The kitchen floor consists of used bottle corks, while the bath tiles are made from recycled glass. Walls and floors are covered with OSB-panels containing pressed wood-chips. House design is based on the principle of passive solar architecture in terms of house orientation, temperature zoning, natural lighting optimization, shading, and natural ventilation.

The result of this project was a house with a modern design, which looks as if it were built out of more expensive materials. 41

Recycled Paper/Cardboard 42

Availability: -Egypt produces an estimated 12 000 tonnes of waste paper every day - There are multiple factories that are responsible for recycling plastic. The closest one is an hour and half which makes it easy to transport.

Usages: Because of its lightweight nature, as-yet-unidentiﬁed durability in buildings and the general belief that it is a low cost material, the most common application of cardboard in buildings is for temporary structures and low cost shelters, intended for a short life span 1.walls 2.Roof panel 3.cardboard tubes

Beneﬁts : Economy

Weight is very desirable for transport and handling during assembly.

Manufacturing are available in a wide range of thicknesses and proﬁles

Sustainability

Strength “evolved wood”

colour printability

TINY HOUSE MADE FROM RECYCLED MATERIALS BEGINS CONSTRUCTION IN BALI ➔

A new prefabricated tiny house made out of recycled Tetra Pak cartons. As outlined, the Tiny Tetra House is built using wood, glass and recycled materials. Stilt Studios uses corrugated sheets made of recycled Tetra Pak beverage cartons to establish the roof and walls. To lessen the occuring waste problem Tetra Pak developed poly roof panels that are made of 25% plastic and aluminium from their package cartons. The aluminium layer on top helps to ensure a 100% waterproof material. The design of the sloping roof channels rainwater through the designed structural system which is then stored for further use, including watering the surrounding garden.

Designed to promote local, circular economies 45

STRUCTURE 46

Load Bearing Structural System

Load Bearing Structural System What is a load bearing structural system? ➔

➔ ➔

➔ 47

➔

A structural system where loads of buildings (weight of building itself) plus the live loads get transferred to the ground through walls. Walls bear the load of roofs, ﬂoor and of course self weight. Most constructive use of this system is seen in a range of functions such as supporting of loads, subdividing the space (creating room), providing thermal and acoustic insulation to structure, as well as ﬁre and weather protection, which normally in a framed building has to be accounted for separately by means of walls. The thickness of walls at bottom increases to a considerable extent. Hence masonry structures are found to be very uneconomical beyond 3 to 4 stories. Reference: https://gharpedia.com/blog/difference-between-load-bearing-structure-and-framed-structure/

Walls bear the load of roofs, ﬂoor and of course self weight.

Load Bearing Structural System Properties ➔

➔

Aspect ratio of wall thickness to height of wall ◆

Thickness of masonry walls in a building is designed based on loads and other factors.

◆

The thickness of load bearing masonry wall should be at least 304.8 mm (1 ft.) thick for maximum wall height of 10.668m (35 ft.).

◆

Moreover, the thickness needs to be increased by 101.6 mm for each successive 10.668m height or fractions of this height measured from the top of the masonry wall.

Span Limitation Description ◆ In case of a load bearing structure, large span areas are not possible so span limitations reaches a room size i.e: 12 feet

Reference: https://theconstructor.org/building/thickness-masonry-walls-buildings/18538/

Load Bearing Structural System Materials and U-Values ➔

Materiality ◆ Could either be made of heavy masonry of brick or stone or even built out of natural materials such as clay, rammed earth or compressed earth blocks

➔

U-value of the composite walls ◆ ◆

➔ 49

The best insulating materials have a U-value of close to zero – the lower the better. Insulated load bearing wall with thickness at about 345 mm has a U-Value of 0.63 W/m2K

Different U-values of wall layers ◆

Solid brick wall: 2 W/m²K

◆

Insulated wall: 0.18 W/(m²K).

Reference: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319155914_Sustainable_Features_of_Vernacular_Architecture_Housing_of_Eastern_Black_Sea_Region_as_a_Case_Study/citation/download

Load Bearing Structural System Disadvantages

Advantages

●

Structure (being masonry) has high durability

●

Structure (being masonry) possesses a high ﬁre resistance

●

Masonry may be used for aesthetic purposes as it gives an

●

involves more human interaction than other methods ●

attractive ﬁnishing look and is available in different colors and

●

Load bearing masonry construction process is slow as it The construction involves more labor than other construction processes

textures

●

Low thermal insulation

Tools used for masonry construction are cost effective and

●

Less strength in comparison to other structural systems

simple to be used

●

Material is usually far away from construction site so might

Masonry units are relatively low cost and have a high durability 50

Reference: https://gharpedia.com/blog/difference-between-load-bearing-structure-and-framed-structure/

involve transportation costs

FATHI FARM 51

Case Study Analysis Architect ; Hassan Fathy Location: Ad Daqahliyah Date: June 1940

QUOTE

“Build your architecture From what is beneath your feet. Any housing that involves paying for industrially produced building materials and building contractors is doomed to certain failure. If houses are to be built at all, in sufﬁcient quantity, they must be built without money .” —Hassan Fathy

GF PLAN

SITE PLAN

ELEVATION 1

ELEVATION 2

SECTIONS

ANALYSIS

Courtyards increase the passive cooling effect by taking and trapping cool air. Then transporting the cool air to the surrounding spaces.

Main Courtyard

Secondary Courtyards 58

ANALYSIS The Excessive blue means that there is not enough light entering the spaces. While yellow shows the courtyard and secondary courtyards while having excessive light enter through the windows. Red and green are not that prominent. However, they are most required outcome when it comes to designing.

MATERIALS

Sun-dried Mud Bricks and Straw Workmen simply dig a small hole in the clay and turn in the water, straw is worked into the mud by stamping it with bare feet. After the mud is tramped to the proper degree of firmness it is shoveled into open moulds and packed down.

Fire Bricks

Workmen simply dig a small hole in the clay and turn in the water, straw is worked into the mud by stamping it with bare feet. After the mud is tramped to the proper degree of firmness it is shoveled into open moulds and packed down.

STRUCTURE

The use of the Nubian Vault at the entrance of the building.

Hassan Fathy’s building the Fathy Farm consists of 25cm-30cm wall

The use of load bearing structures at the double height area of the plan

March 15th, 2021 Spring 2021: ARCH 3554-01-02 Sustainability in Architectural Design Dr Khaled Tarabieh (Coordinator - instructor), ktarabieh@aucegypt.edu Dr Sherif Goubran (Co-Instructor), sherifg@aucegypt.edu Pin Up 1 - Requirements and order of class for the F2F/Online Presentations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The pin up will run in two concurrent sessions led by each instructor and it will take place both in Rm P118 and CP39. Dates/ times: ● Section 3554-01 Sunday, March 21st, start time 3:30pm ● Section 3554-02 Wednesday, March 24th, start time: 2:00pm Locations: ● Section 3554-01 Sunday: F2F locations: Plaza studio P118 or CP39, Online location: https://aucegypt.zoom.us/j/97650270731

● Section 3554-02 Wednesday: F2F location, Plaza studio P118 or CP39, Online location: https://aucegypt.zoom.us/j/98223441550

Allowed time for presentation/ student:

7 mins (not to exceed)

Jury Feedback time/ student:

10 mins

Mandatory upload on Mural: You should have received invitations to a Mural Room, with pin-up murals for both sections. Please upload your posters in the preset space created for you. Mandatory upload on the student google drive: Please reach out to your TA or email the faculty if you are unable to locate your google drive student folder. Students should upload all associated files with the pinup: *.rvt, *.psd, *.pptx and *.pdf. Students are encouraged to and responsible for the backup copy on the drive. All documents used in your presentation should not exceed 25 MB. In the event of loss of files on the student laptop or hard drive, it will accordingly be the student responsibility. ● Section 3554-01 Sunday - backup link on the drive: <https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1CxUfa6h1_f0AVbFGJJvwFeo2FGTZWLyD?usp=sha ring>

● Section 3554-02 Wednesday - backup link on the drive: <https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1bWG0EMpJ7sHmdVPAYYGFHmwedY2hKIdb?usp=sha ring> For all students - we will use Mural as the primary platform for presentation, or Zoom as a second option. All posters must be uploaded on the drive and on Mural no later than Sunday 2:00pm (for Sunday section) and 12:30 PM Wednesday (for Wednesday section). The Course TAs will organize. Student choice of presentation (F2F on campus or Online): Please check your preferred option on the following link no later than Thursday, March 18 noon time: <https://drive.google.com/file/d/1D61RH9kgeAl8S7Lws3E1aQgaaEWBPYjG/view?usp=sharing> We will publish later the order of presentations both for F2F and Online. F2F Instruction: Please follow the AUC return to campus guidelines for safe attendance on campus. Technology: For those who will attend online. It is the absolute responsibility of the students for the functionality of their equipment and to secure the proper environment to attend the pinup which has a functioning and steady internet connection. Students who have a history of prior equipment failures should secure proper equipment or attend on campus. In the event of a catastrophe “Nation/ Citywide” problem - the teaching team will advise accordingly with further instructions. Jury Organization: In the event of a no-show up or delay of more than 2 minutes, your jury will be automatically considered as silent and you will not be allowed to actively present your work. Feedback will be provided to you through the recording. The following are the requirements for Pin Up 1: 1- A conceptual statement that clearly describes your design approach and unique idea 2- analysis of the target groups and their aspirations and needs 3- A program breakdown in a table with the areas 4- Relevant precedents to the topic – ranging from functional and architectural precedents (showing how they influenced your work) 5- Bubble diagrams for the site relationships (living, productivity and agro-hub), and its resulting

site level zoning 6- Massing studies on site taking the shading, wind and solar orientation into consideration. 7- Bubble diagrams for the Agro-hub and the farmer’s market 8- Outline floor plans for the Agro hub (showing the different zones, their relationship and architectural character) No. of Posters: A minimum of two A1 posters. Students can use additional posters as needed. Poster format: All posters have to be set up as landscape to fit with the digital screen. During the presentation you will not be allowed to zoom in and out (since the presentation will be happening on a large projector screen) Hardcopies: None. All presentations and submissions are paperless - “electronic”. Grading rubric: GRADE SCALE

A-

Performance

Excellent

B+

B-

Very Good

C+

C Good

C-

Fair

Unacceptable

10% Conceptual statement and target groups

Identifying concept drivers, main theme, ideas and approach, and its fit within the rural/agricultural site. Highlighting the resulting target groups (their profiles, aspirations and needs)

20% Program

A well developed and articulated space program, with spaces that embody the conceptual statement and reflect the needs of the selected target groups.

10% Precedents

Fitting selection of previous projects informing the functionality and the architectural design.

30% Spatial relationships and zoning

A well-articulated spatial relationship and zoning for: 1. The overall site (the living, agro-hub and productivity zone) 2. The agro-hub and farmer market in details

15% Massing

A concrete exploration of the massing for the site (considering the environmental and logistical realities of the site).

15% Schematic Plans

A fitting schematic architectural translation in plans based on the proposed program, zoning and massing

Admi n

Wor k s hop

Admi n Admi n

Wor k s hop

At r i um

S e c ur i t y

S or t i ng Cout r y ar d Le ar ni ng Room

Cl e ani ng

c l i ni c

S or t i ng Col l e c t i ng

w. c

Car di ng

Re s i de nt i al

Di s t i l l e r y Room

Gr oundFl oor

of f i c e of f i c e

Me e t i ng Room S e c ur i t y

S t or age Manage r Room

S t or age Pac kage

Qual i t y Cont r ol

Maki ng Yar d

Re s i de nt i al Pac kage S t or age

Lab Ex t r ac t i ng

Qual i t y Cont r ol

Fi r s tFl oor

Fares Elkallaf 900171872 Individual Project: Sustainable Agro-Farm model in Fayoum

Concept statement: economic project the main aim of profit making and boosting the local Economy.

Focus:

Aromatic Plants

Farm for food

Wool

Project Breakdown (Space requirements) •

Industrial structure for growing food

1. Farm Animals 2. Greenhouse 3. Farm for food and vegetables

•

Agro-Processing facility

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Production line for animal products Packaging room Distillery room Lab room Preservation room

• • • • • •

Administration offices Residence for workers Retail space Restrooms Storage room Residence for workers

•

A design which will allow building the house in stages according to the availability of finances. Flexibility in the arrangement of rooms to allow for alternative use and future expansion. A kitchen large enough to allow for space-consuming activities such as preparation of homegrown vegetables, etc. A separate entrance from the backyard into the kitchen area. A small verandah at the rear of the home where some of the kitchen work can be done and perhaps farm clothes can be stored. A verandah large enough to allow for activities such as eating, resting, visiting, etc. The veranda, along with windows and ventilation openings, may need to be protected against insects with mosquito netting. ·A separate office for larger farms, while a storage cupboard and the dining table will be sufficient for small farms. ·A place to store dirty farm clothes and shoes combined with washing facilities, if possible. ·A room for guests if it is likely to be needed.

• • •

•

• • •

Example of spaces:

Overview of Agro-farm project Agro Farm is a golden opportunity for those who dream of having their own farming business while staying in nature and all at affordable cost and at reachable. My main objective here is to focusing on the local economy by producing elements and industrialize it rather than exporting it to other countries.

Amenities: • • • • •

Sufficient roads Water availability throughout the year Separate light connection for each plot Water recycling Rain water harvesting

The use of Aromatic Plants

The use of Wool:

Using a combination of seaweed and wool to make bricks even stronger. This is an eco-friendly option that is not only better for the environment, but also affordable.

The benefits of wool are: • • • • • •

Natural and Renewable Safe Breathable Durable Easy-care Biodegradable (When a natural Merino fiber is disposed of it takes only a few years to decompose and can be used to put fertility into soil for crop growing.)

A proposal to deliver a Sustainable Agro-Farm model in Fayoum Program Elements (4,000 m2 Built up area): 1 Agro-processing facility (To be determined by the student) 2 Industrial structure for growing food (to be determined by the student) 3 Residence for workers (600m2) 4 Retail space (200 m2) 5 Administration offices (100 m2) 6 Multi-purpose facility for young learners, and knowledge exchange spaces (300 m2) (for educating visitors such as young students or families) Additional Program elements, depending the industrial program may include: 7 Greenhouse (for production), Clinic for workers & veterinary clinic may include: Greenhouse (for production), Clinic for workers & veterinary clinic (200m2)

Ground (1,200m2 max) Green house Farm Packaging room Administrative Retail Services (40%): corridors, MEP rooms, stairways, etc. Barn Preservation storage Park Area Sub-Total

First (1,200 m2) Administrative Labs Services (40%): corridors, MEP rooms, stairways, etc. Distillery Room Processing

Total

Number

Area

200

100

45 200

300

1 1 1 1

100 50 50 100

3 1

15 100

45 100

400

1 2

100 100

100 200

Sub-Total

Second (1,200 m2) Storage Residence Services (40%) Outdoor Planting Processing Room Sub-Total

1 1 1 1 1

50 300 350 100 75

Third (400 m2) Residence Services (40%) Sub-Total

1 1

300 100

300 100 ??

Total

4000

2600

1400