العذراء في التسبحة

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‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺁﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫‪٢٠٠٦‬‬

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‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪٣ ........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪٥ ..........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ‪٨......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻔﺔ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺭ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻡ‪٩..................................................... :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺃﺑﻴﻔﺎﻧﻴﻮﺱ‪١٢ ....................................................................... :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺍﻣﱪﻭﺳﻴﻮﺱ‪١٣ ..................................................................... :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻤﻔﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ ‪ -‬ﺑﻘﻠﻢ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺳﻴﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﱄ‪١٥ .............................................. :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ ‪١٧.......................................................‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ‪١٨ ................................................................... :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﱘ" ‪٢٣........................................................................‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪٢٣ ................................................................ :‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌﺔ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ" ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪٢٥ ..............................:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﰲ ﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﳎﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﺴﺲ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪٢٦ ........:‬‬


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‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﺑﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪ ...‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﳍﺮﻃﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﻃﺌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻗﺪﻳﺴﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪﻳﺴﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻣﺘﻸﻟﺊ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺷﻜﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﲤﺠﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻨﺼﺐ ﰲ ﺗﺴﺎﺑﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻭﺗﻌﻜﺴﻪ ﻛﻨﻮﺭ ﺻﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﱘ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﰲ ﺻﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻒ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺒﻀﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻗﻮﳝﺔ ﺁﺗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﳏ ‪‬ﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺿﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﻮﺡ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﺘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺁﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻧﺴﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺛﻮﺫﻛﺴﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳓﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺸﺮﺡ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﺣﱴ ﳎﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻭﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻭﺓ ﰲ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻛ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻓﺨﺎﺭﺳﺘﻴﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﺑﺢ ﻟﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺍﶈﻴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ "ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻮﺱ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﺪﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺛﻼﺛ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻔﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﹶﻗﹺﺒﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﳚﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻡ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺳﺮ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻣﺘﺠﺴﺪﹰﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﺎﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻭﻋﻄﺎﻳﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﳕﻮﺫﺟﹰﺎ ﳌﺎ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻨﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﳓﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻭﳕﺠﺪﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺣﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﻌﻄﺎﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﳍﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺔ ﻣﺮﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﻴﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﺴﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﷲ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﱂ‬


‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ‪ Theotokos‬ﻷﻥ ﻏﲑﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﺴﺒﺤﺔ ﻛﻴﻬﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻄﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻗﺪ ﳚﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻏﲑﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﳍﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺘﺠﺴﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺔ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻳﻀﻊ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺬﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﻨﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻃﻨﻄﺎ )ﻋﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ‪(١٩٨٢‬‬


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‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺛﻴﺆﻃﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ‪:‬‬

‫"ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻏﺮﲥﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣ‪‬ﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗ‪‬ﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺃُﻛﺜﱢﺮ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺰﺍ�ﻚ ﻭﺗﻨﻬﺪﺍﺗﻚ‬

‫ﲢﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﳏﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮ ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﻌﺘﻘﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺍﻩ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺛﻴﺆﻃﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺑﻨﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻳﻨﺒﻮﻉ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺎﻧﻮﺋﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﺯﺭﻉ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻭﺣﻞ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺟﻨﺴﻨﺎ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺇﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺇﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻭﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﲤﺎﻣﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺡ ﺗﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻷ�ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻠﻚ ﺃُﺭﺟﻊ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭ�ﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺣﺰﳖﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔَ ﺩﻓﻌﺔً ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻚ )ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻚ( ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﺍﻷﺑﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪ ..‬ﻭﻟﺪﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻣ‪‬ﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻠﱢﺼﺖ‪ ‬ﺁﺩﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻨﺤﺖ‪ ‬ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ‪ ‬ﻋﻮﺽ ﺣﺰﳖﺎ" )ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﺪﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ‪.(Tennau‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﳍﺎ ﺟﺬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺟﺪ ﺧﻄﲑ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﹸﻃﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺖ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻲ )ﺗﻚ ‪ (٢٠ :٣‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬


‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ؟ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻐ‪‬ﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﲤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺮﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺗﺴﺎﺑﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﻓﻜﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﰐ ﺍﻷﺭﺛﻮﺫﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻭﺗﺴﺘﺎﻧﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭﻗﻠﺐ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳘﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﲤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺴﺎﺑﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺛﻴﺆﻃﻮﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ "ﻣﺘﺴﺮﺑﻠﺔ ﲟﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻼ‪ ‬ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﺎً"‪ .‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺣﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﳏﻞ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻏﲑ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻬﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻓﺨﺎﺭﺳﺘﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻠﻘﻲ ﻧﻈﺮ ﹰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻴﺆﻃﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﺃ�ﺖ ﻫﻲ ﻗﺴﻂ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌُﺨﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻦ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻭﺳﻄﻪ‬

‫ﺧﺒﺰ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ �َﺰ‪‬ﻝَ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫‪......‬‬

‫ﻭﺃ�ﺖ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﲪﻠﺖ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨ‪‬ﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺏ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺩ�ﺲٍ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎ�ﺎ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﲔ ﻓﺤﻴﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺑﺪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻭﳓﻦ ﻧﺪﺭﺱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﺑﺢ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ‪ -‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻨﺎﺋﺲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎ ﺷﻨﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻔﲔ ‪ -‬ﲢﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﺃﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﲤﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺨﺎﺭﺳﺘﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﺍﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺇﳝﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺍﻳﺮﻳﻨﺎﻭﺱ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺮﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﻳﻨﺎﻭﺱ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺧﻼﺹ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺮﱘ "ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﱄ ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻚ"‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﺎﻋﺖ‪ .‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻄﻊ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺯﻭﺟﹰﺎ ﳊﻮﺍﺀ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺳﺒﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺕ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﳊﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﱘ ﺗﻌ‪‬ﻴﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﹰﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻇﻠﺖ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻣﺖ‬


‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺳﺒﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﺹ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ‪‬ﺗﺪﻋﻰ ﺯﻭﺟ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻈﻞ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻼ ﺷﻚ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﺮﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ‪ ...‬ﻭﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻟﻦ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺒﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ )ﻣﱴ ‪ .(٣٠ :١٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ "ﻋﻮﺽ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﻮﻙ" )ﻣﺰﻣﻮﺭ ‪ .(١٧ :٤٥‬ﻭﰎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﰒ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺣﻀﻨﻪ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻥ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﳊﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ )‪ ١‬ﻛﻮ‬ ‫‪ .(٢٢-٢٠ :١٥‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻮﻗﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺣﱴ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻭﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻹﳒﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪‬ﺭﹺﺑ ﹶﻄﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺇﳝﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﱠﻠﺖ ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ )‪.(Adv Haer III: 22, 34‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺍﻳﺮﻳﻨﺎﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺍﻳﺮﻳﻨﺎﻭﺱ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻓﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﻠﺖ ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﳓﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﳒﺪ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻴﺘﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﻔﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﳓﻦ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺏ ﺑﺈﺭﺍﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻭﲡﺴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻏﲑ ﺩﻧﺴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺒﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ .‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺮﱘ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﱪﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻼﻙ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ )ﺍﻹﳒﻴﻞ( ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﳛﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻈﻠﻠﻬﺎ ‪ ...‬ﺃﺟﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﱄ ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ )ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ( ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺤﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ" ) ‪Dial :‬‬

‫‪.(100‬‬


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‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺔ ﻣﺮﱘ؟ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﻳﻨﺎﻭﺱ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﻳﻮﺳﺘﻴﻨﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻗﺒﻮﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﳎﺮﺩ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺗﺘﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﺠﺪﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﻳﻨﺎﻭﺱ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺎﺻﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ )ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ( ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ )ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ(‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﹸﺧﺘﲑ ﳍﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﹰﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻏﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺣﺔ ﳒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺰﻭﺝ ﻗﺪ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﹸﻏﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻼﻙ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻭﻫﺮﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻔﺬﺕ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﻙ ﻧﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺣﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻠﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺗﻄﻴﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻋﺼﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻃﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﶈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭﹺﺑ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺺ ﺑﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﰎ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ )ﺣﻮﺍﺀ( ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺕ ﺑﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ‪‬ﺧﹸﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻜﺮ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﻏﹸﻠﺐ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﺔ"‪) .‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ‪.(V : 19‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻴﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻃﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﻘﺐ "ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ" ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﳎﻲﺀ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﳚﻴﻨﻮﺱ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺪﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﺒﺄﺕ ﺃﻟﻴﺼﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﳐﻠﺼﻨﺎ ﺗﻨﺒﺄﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﺟﻨﺴﻬﻦ ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺴﻜﻦ ﺑﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﲟﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺎﺕ” )‪.(In luc Hom VII‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻏﺮﻳﻐﻮﺭﻳﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﺋﱯ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻻ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺤﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻈﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻘﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﻼ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺄﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺧﻀﻌﺖ ﻟﻐﻮﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺴﻠﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﻐﻮﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﻧﻔﺚ ﲰﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳ‪‬ﺒﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃ ‪‬ﺳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﲟﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺔ ﰎ ﺇﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ"‪.(Hom I. PG 20 : 120) .‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻏﺮﻳﻐﻮﺭﻳﻮﺱ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ ﺃﻭﺭﳚﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﻱ ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ ﲣﺠﻠﻲ ﻷﻧﻚ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﻧﻨﺎ‪.‬‬


‫‪٩‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻡ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻳﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﻭﻓﺎﺩﻳﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻼ ﺩﻧﺲ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﺮﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻚ ‪‬ﺩﻓﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺃﹸﻣﻨﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻚ ﲰﺎﺀ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﻜﻦ ﺍﷲ"‪Hom 3: ) .‬‬

‫‪.(PG 20:139 - 142‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺷﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ )ﺣﻮﺍﺀ( ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺧﺪﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻏﱪﻳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺣﺔ‪.(Catech 12 : 15) .‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺴﻰ ﻟﻴﺘﻮﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺷﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫" ‪‬ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﹰﺎ ﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺟﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﷲ"‪.(Catech 2 : 9) .‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﻧﻘﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻔﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺍ ﹸﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺘﺠﺪﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟ ‪‬ﺪﺩ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﺑﺘﺠﺴﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺮﻯ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻏﺮﻳﻐﻮﺭﻳﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﲡﺴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹲﺓ ﲡﺪ ﺗﱪﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﺎﳋﺸﺒﺔ )ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ( ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﻄﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﺸﺒﺔ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﲪﻠﺖ ﲦﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺔ" )‪.(Catech 3 : 9‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﻔﺔ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺭ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻡ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﻗﻘﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺭ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻡ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﰐ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺎﺩﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺑﻴﺢ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺠﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻻﻫﻮﰐ ﻳﻌ‪‬ﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺧﱪﺓ ﺭﻭﺣﻴﺔ ﻻ ﲣﻀﻊ ﳌﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻭﻫﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﳍﻴﺔ‪.‬‬


‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺇﺧﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻟﻨﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺃﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﻠﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻧﻄﻔﺄ ﲨﺎﻝ ﻭﳎﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲟﺮﱘ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﻏﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻫﻮ ﻳﻨﺒﻮﻉ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻘﺎﺋﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻨـﺰ ﻓﺮﺣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﱘ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻟﺴﲔ ﻗﺪﳝﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺴﺪ ﻋﻤﻴﺖ ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻇﻠﺖ ﻧﻘﻴﺔ ﻧﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﳘﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﺎﺀ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻮﺀﺓ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﱘ‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺩﻉ‬ ‫ﹶﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻏﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺫﲝﻨﺎ ﻛﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﹸﻠﺼﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻜﺮﻧﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻘﻮﻟﻨﺎ‬


‫‪١١‬‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻔﻴﻔﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﹸﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ ﻗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻀﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺍﺟﻮﻥ )ﺇﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﲔ(‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺣﺮﺝ ﻭﻳﺒﺸﺮ ﲟﺠﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﻏﻄﺖ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺟﺴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺄﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﳋﺠﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻣﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻏﻄﺖ ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻗﻤﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﺩ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﱘ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﻟﺬﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻛ ﹲﺔ ﻫﻲ؛ ﻷﻧﻚ ﻛﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻘﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﲏ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ؛ ﻷﻧﻚ ﺳﻜﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻗﺪﺱ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﺱ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ‪‬ﻋﺸﹰﺎ ﻭﻛﻬﻔﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﻜﻨﺖ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺧﺒﺰﹰﺍ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﱘ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺱ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﺱ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻂ ﺍﳌﻦ ﺍ ﹸﳌﺨﻔﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﺒﺰ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺧﺒﺰﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺘﺠﺴﺪﻙ ﺻﺮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺴﻨﺎ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬


‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫)‪.(Opp. Syriae. Vol 2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺃﺑﻴﻔﺎﻧﻴﻮﺱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﺮﺯﺕ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﲡﻬﻞ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺘﻮﺭﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺻﺎﻍ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺑﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺃﺑﻴﻔﺎﻧﻴﻮﺱ ﺗﺸﺮﺡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺑﻴﺢ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺭﻣ ‪‬ﺰ ﻟﻠﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ‪ -‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺭﻣﺰﻳﺔ ‪ -‬ﻟﻘﺐ "ﺃﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻲ"‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﻘﺐ "ﺃﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻲ" ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ "ﺗﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﺩ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻘﻮﻃﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﱘ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ "ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ" ﳐﱢﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻣﺮﱘ "ﺍﳊﻲ" ﻭ"ﺍﶈﻴﻲ" ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺗ‪‬ﺪﻋﻰ "ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺣﻲ"‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺗﲔ ﻗﻴﻞ "ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺣﻜﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﺵ" )ﺃﻳﻮﺏ‬ ‫‪ ٣٦ : ٣٨‬ﺱ(‪ .‬ﻓﺤﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﲝﻜﻤﺔ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﻵﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﳍﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻜﻤ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﳎﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﺄﻣﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﺮﱘ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﲝﻜﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺑﻔﻀﻴﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ‪ -‬ﺛﻴﺎﺏ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﳛ ‪‬‬‫ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻟﻨﺎ "ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﲟﻴﻼﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺧﱠﻠﺼﺖ ﺍﳊﻴﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﳌﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ‪ -‬ﺭﻏﻢ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺧﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀﺗﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺑﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ "ﺃﺿﻊ ﻋﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻧﺴﻠﻚ ﻭﻧﺴﻠﻬﺎ" ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﳍﻴﺔ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ"‪Adv. Haer ) .‬‬

‫‪.(78:7 - PG 42:728‬‬


‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﻘﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﲡﺴﺪ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﷲ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﳓﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲤﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ "ﺃﻡ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ"؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﺗﺘﺼﺪﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻛﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻴﻔﺎﻧﻴﻮﺱ ﻫﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﺪ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﻠﺒﺴﻮﻥ ﺛﻴﺎﺏ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﻴﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺍﻣﱪﻭﺳﻴﻮﺱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻳﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻣﱪﻭﺳﻴﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﺮﱘ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭ ﹸﻃ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲡﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺁﺩﻡ ‪ ..‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﻭﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ‪ ..‬ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ"‪.(Expocit. in Luc. IV:7) .‬‬ ‫"ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻛﺴﺒﺖ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪﻙ ﲝﺪﻳﺜﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ؟ ﺃﱂ ‪‬ﺗﻬﺰﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ؟‬ ‫ﺃﱂ ‪‬ﺰﻣﻚ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲪﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎﻓﺮ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﱘ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ"‪.(De obitt. Theodosii 44-46) .‬‬ ‫"ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺗﻤﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﻄﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﺔ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺧﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻃﻔﺄ ﻋﻄﺶ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻃﺮﺩ ﻧﺘﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ" )‪.(De Imstit Virg XIII:81-84‬‬

‫ﻭﻃﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﺇﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﻮﺭ؛‬ ‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻄﻴﺔ ‪ ctinouvi‬ﻭﻃﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﻄﺮ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﱪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻄﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ – ﻃﻨﻄﺎ – ‪.١٩٧٥‬‬


‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫"ﺗﺄﻣﻠﻮﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﹸﺃﻣﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﲟﻴﻼﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﳎﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻴﺘﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﱘ ﳝﺴﺢ ﺫﻧﻮﰊ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺮﻣﻚ ﻭﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻮﺑﻚ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺼﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻮﻟﻴﺔ"‪.(Exhortotio Virgin IV:26) .‬‬

‫"ﻟﻴﺲ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻓﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺃ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﱘ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺃﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺧﻼﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﲦﺮﺓ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ"‪.(In Luc III: 17 - PL 17:1640) .‬‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫"ﺑﺄﻱ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺃﲢﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺖ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻴﻜ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺏ ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﺮﺃ "ﺣﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻞﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﲢﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪.(Ep. 63:33‬‬ ‫"ﺍﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺣﺒﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻮﺱ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﹸﺃﻋﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺏ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺣ ﱠﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺎ ﲦﺮﺓ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺪﻧﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺗ‪‬ﺰﺭﻉ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﳏﺮﺍﺛﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻄﺮﹰﺍ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻓﹸﻘﺪﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﹸﻋﻴﺪﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺑﺈﻏﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ )ﺣﻮﺍﺀ( ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﺰﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ؟ ﺍﲰﻌﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﻫﺰﳝﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺸﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ .‬ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺁﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﹸﻏﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺸﺒﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ‪ ..‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺣﻜﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﻫﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ ‪ ..‬ﻭﺧﺸﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﻫﺰﳝﺘﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻵﻥ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﻧﺎ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﱘ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺪﻝ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺕ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ"‪.(Hom In S. Pasch. II 52:767) .‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻄﻲ "ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﳌﺮﱘ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻠﺤﻬﺎ ﻓﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﺟﹺﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳊﻦ ﻗﺒﻄﻲ ﻗﺪﱘ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪.‬‬


‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﺸﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻟﻜﻲ ﳛﻮﳍﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﳚﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﻋﺼﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻠﻘﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺷ ﱠﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺑﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺘﻮﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺨﺎﺭﺳﺘﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺗﺴﻮﺩ ﺣﱴ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺬﻭﻕ ﺣﻼﻭﺓ ﻭﻋﻤﻖ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﻤﻔﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ ‪ -‬ﺑﻘﻠﻢ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺳﻴﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ؟ ﻫﻞ ﳓﻦ ﻻ ﻧﺰﺍﻝ ﻧﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳌﻠﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻐ‪‬ﻴﺮ؟ ﻫﻞ ﳓﻦ ﻻ ﻧﺰﺍﻝ ﳏﺎﻃﲔ ﺑﺄﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻗﺎﻡ؟ ﻟﻨﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺳﻴﻮﺱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻧﺺ )ﻟﻮﻗﺎ ‪ (٢٢ :١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﻳﻮﺳﻴﲔ ﻭﺳﻘﻄﻮﺍ ﻭﲢﻮﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﻮﺀ ﻗﻠﺒﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ‪) ...‬ﻟﻮﻗﺎ ‪ ،(٢٢ :١٠‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻻ ﲣﺺ‬ ‫"ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺩ‪‬ﻓﻊ ﺇ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻹﳍﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﺪﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ‪ ..‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻻﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ "ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ..‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺴﻘﻄﺘﻪ ﺩﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻣﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ )ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ ‪ (١٤ :٥‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻟﻌﻨﺖ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻓﻤﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﻫﻴﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﺴﺪ ﻭﲢﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ )ﻣﺰﻣﻮﺭ ‪(١٢ :٦٩‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻔﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺄ ﺍﷲ ﲟﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﻳﺼﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ " ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﹸﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻷﺟﻠﻨﺎ" )ﺃﺷﻌﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،(٨ :٦‬ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ‪" :‬ﻫﺎﺃﻧﺬﺍ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﲏ"‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻵﺏ "ﺍﺫﻫﺐ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﳚﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻛ ‪‬ﻤﻦ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺸﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻀﺔ ﻭﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻨﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻟﻜﻲ ﳚﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﻥ ﲡﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ ﲢﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻧﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻧﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﹸﻓﺘﺢ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ ﹸﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺘﺤﺖ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻵﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺩﻭﻡ )ﻣﺰﻣﻮﺭ ‪ - ٧ :٢٤‬ﺃﺷﻌﻴﺎﺀ‬


‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪.(In III a D Z) .(١ :٥٣‬‬

‫ﻭﻃﺒﻌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﲦﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﹸﻟﻌﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺧﺒﺰ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﱂ‪ .‬ﻭﲦﺮﺓ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻫﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺤﺔ ‪..‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﳜﻠﻖ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﳍﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻵﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻟﺪﺭﺳﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻋﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﻘﻘﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻭﻣﻴﻼﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺮﱘ‪.‬‬


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‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪٤٣١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﱄ ﺑﺎﳉﺴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺆﺭﺗﻪ ﲤﺎﻣﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺷﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺛﻮﺫﻛﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ؟ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﹰﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺷﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻳﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﺻﺮﺍﺣ ﹰﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺴﻄﻮﺭ )ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻳﻘﲔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺣﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ﹰﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲢﺎﺩﻩ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﺎﺳﻮﺕ ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﹰﺍ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﹰﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺳﻮﺗﹰﺎ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﻓﻀﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﲡﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪﺗﺎ ﺑﻈﻬﻮ ﹴﺭ ﺇﳍ ﹴﻲ ﺑﻼ ﺟﺴﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﱂ ﲢﺒﻞ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻠﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﻮﺗﻮﻛﻮﺱ ‪ Theotokos‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻳﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﺪﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﺯﱄ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻧﻜﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﻼﻫﻮﺕ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺳﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﲔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺇﻟﻮﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﻟﻶﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻠﻦ ﺃﺯﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺍﻵﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻐﺎﱄ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻵﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ‪ -‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲡﺴﺪ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺛﻴﺆﻃﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺛﻮﺫﻛﺴﻲ ﰲ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‪:‬‬


‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﱠﺢ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ �ﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﺸﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻮ‪‬ﺱ"‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺩ‪‬ﻟﱠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇ�ﺴﺎ�ﺎً‪ :‬ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﻓﱰﺍﻕ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‪ :‬ﻻﻫﻮﺕ‪ ‬ﻗﺪﻭﺱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻟﻶﺏ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭ�ﺎﺳﻮﺕ‪ ‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻐﲑ ﺯﻭﺍﺝٍ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻭٍ ﻟﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺪﺑﲑ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻨﻚ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺪ�ﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﲢﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺄﻗﻨﻮﻡ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻄﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻠﲔ ﻭﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻮﺍ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺆﻃﻮﻛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻳﻀﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﺳﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺫﺍﺋﻞ ﺑﻔﻀﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ )ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻬﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺹ ‪ .(٨٠٣‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻔﺴﺮﹰﺍ ﺁﺧﺮﹰﺍ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﺃ�ﺖ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻬﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫"ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻤﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺸﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﻭﻃﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ"‪.‬‬ ‫"ﺍ‪ ‬ﳐﻠﺼﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲡﺴ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺍ�ﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻄﻖ ﲠﺎ"‪.‬‬ ‫"ﺣﻞ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﲑ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﻳﻌﻠﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺆﻛﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻠﻦ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﲡﺴﺪ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﲟﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺿﺪ ﻧﺴﻄﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ‬


‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﻘﺪﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﲡﺴﺪ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﻄﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺑﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻐ‪‬ﻴﺮﹰﺍ ﰲ ﻻﻫﻮﺕ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐ‪‬ﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ﲤﺎﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺰﻋﺰﻉ ﺻﻔﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺷﻬﺪ )ﺍﻹﳒﻴﻠﻲ(‬ ‫ﻼ "ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺳﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲡﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺮﺡ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺣﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﲑ ﻭﺣﺮﺱ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻱ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﺴﺪﹰﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﲢ ‪‬ﻮﻟﺖ ﻭﺗﻐ‪‬ﻴﺮﺕ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻭﳓﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻨﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﳍﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻔﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻺﳝﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻵﺏ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺇﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺣﻀﻦ ﺍﻵﺏ‬ ‫)ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ ‪ ،(١٨ :١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻪ ‪‬ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻗﻨﻮﻣﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﻫﻮ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﻃﻮﻋﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺻﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺑﲑﻳﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺧﻮﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ )ﻋﺐ ‪ (١٧ :٢‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻡ )ﻋﺐ ‪:٢‬‬ ‫‪ .(١٤‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺬﺍﺗﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳕﺎ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺪﺍﻳ ﹰﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ "ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻜﻲ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻪ )ﺃﻑ‬ ‫‪ (١٠ :١‬ﻭﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﲦﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﺴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﲏ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺮ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻏﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻟﻜﻲ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﰲ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﲢﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻗﻨﻮﻣﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺩﻓ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﺟﻠﺴﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ )ﻛﻮﻟﻮﺳﻲ ‪ ١٢ :٢‬ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺴﺲ ‪.(٦ :٢‬‬

‫ﻭﳝﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺆﻛﺪﹰﺍ ﺇﻟﻮﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﻟﻶﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻼ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻘﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺋ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻀ ﹴﻦ )ﺃﻑ ‪:٥‬‬ ‫"ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﺎﻭﻣﻮﻥ ﲨﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺪﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﲔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ (٢٧‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳏﺎﻭﻟﲔ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺴﺎﺩﻫﻢ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻼ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﻈﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﻳﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﺋ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﻧﺼﹰﺎ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫"ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﳍﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺣﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻵﺏ ﲡ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﲢﺪ ﺃﻗﻨﻮﻣﻴﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﳉﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﲢﺪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪،‬‬


‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﳉﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻀﻊ ﻟﻨﻮﺍﻣﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ "ﺇﻥ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺑﻠﻮﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺻﺨﺮﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻖ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺟﺴﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻵﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﻧﻴﲔ "ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺒﺤﺜﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻴﺒﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﳌﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺜﺒﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﲣﺎﻑ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﲔ ﻟﻠﻘﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺐ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﲡﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﱪﻭﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎ ﹰﻻ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﺻﺮﳛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﻧﻮﺋﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳓﻦ ﺑﺼﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﻘﻮﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺴﺪ ﻭﺗﺄ‪‬ﻧﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﱠﰎ ﲡ ‪‬‬ ‫"ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﹰﺎ ﺑﺴﺒ ﹴ‬ ‫‪ αρκωσις ηγυν ενανερω πησις‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﻠﻨﺎ ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺮﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻘﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺮﺭ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﻗﻒ ﻗﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻧﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻴﻞ ﳍﺎ "ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻠﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ" )ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ‪.(١٦ :٣‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﻛﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﲰﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﳛﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﳚﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﺮ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻗﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻫﻮ ﺭﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻴﻠﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺛﻴﺆﻃﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺛﻴﺆﻃﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻄﻲ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﲑﻟﺲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﳔﺘﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻧﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻭﻗﻠﻨﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬ ‫"ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻣﺘ ‪‬ﻮﺟ ﹰﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ "ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ"‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺍﺭﹰﺍ )ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ ‪ .(١٩ :٥‬ﻭﰲ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻋﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ "ﺗﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ‪ .(١٩ :٣‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﺎﻟﺖ ﻏﲎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻠﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻻﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻔﻮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺋﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ "ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﻛﺘﻚ" )ﻫﻮﺷﻊ ‪ ١ - ١٤ :١٣‬ﻛﻮ ‪.(٥٥ :١٥‬‬


‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﺣﻘﹰﺎ ﱠﰎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﹸﺑﻴﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺃﻟﻴﺼﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺒﺄﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺱ "ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳐﺘﺮﻉ ﻭﺃﺏ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻫﻲ ﲦﺮﺓ ﺑﻄﻨﻚ" )ﻟﻮﻗﺎ ‪ .(٤٢ :١‬ﻣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﻹﳍﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺭ ﻳﻔﺘﺨﺮ ﲟﺎ ﺣ ﱠﻞ ﺑﻨﺎ ﳓﻦ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻃﻨﲔ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺍﺕ ﳏﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲦﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺛﻘ ﹲﺔ ﺑﺎﷲ؛‬ ‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﺭ ﳍﺎ ﺭﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺔ "ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺁ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ )ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ ‪) "(٣٠ :١٤‬ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﲡﺎﺩﻳﻒ ﻧﺴﻄﻮﺭ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪.(١ :‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻟﻴﺼﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﲡﺪ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻧﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﺍﻵﰐ ﺑﺮﺑﻨﺎ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﲡﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻟﻴﺼﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌﺔ �ﻌﻤﺔ ‪."..‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻦ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ﻹﳒﻴﻞ ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﻧﺼﹰﺎ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﺪﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻣﻌﱢﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﲟﺮﱘ ﺍ‪‬ﺪﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﺇﻥ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺍ‪‬ﺪﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﻤﻠﺖ ﺧﻼﺹ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺣﺎﻁ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺍ‪‬ﺪﻟﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﹸﻛﻠﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﲟﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺘﻀﺎﻋﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻓﺮﺻ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺡ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺑﺎﳊﻜﻢ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ‪‬ﻳﻐﹶﻠﱭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﻥ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ "ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻥ ﺗﻠﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ" )ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ‪ .(١٦ :٣‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﺿﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺰﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺻﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺣﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻵﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺘﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺮ ﺑﺎﳋﲑ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﺑﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺰﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﺑﺼﻌﻮﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﹸﺃﻡ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻹﳒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺩﻳﻨﺖ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ –‬ ‫ﺸﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﶈ ‪‬ﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﱘ ﺍ‪‬ﺪﻟﻴﺔ – ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﳐﻠﺼﻨﺎ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺑﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﳜﱢﻠﺺ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﳌﺮﱘ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺩﻣﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﺰﻥ ﻭﺣﺮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺰﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺠﺰﺓ ﻗﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ؟ ﰲ "ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻬﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺴﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻘﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺴﻴﺔ" ﺹ ‪ ١٥٤‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ – ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺴﻲ – ﳎﻠﺲ ﻛﻨﺎﺋﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ – ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪.١٩٨٠‬‬


‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫"ﻣﺎ ﺃﲨﻞ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳋﲑﺍﺕ" )ﺃﺷﻌﻴﺎﺀ ‪ .(٦ :٦٣‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ‪ -‬ﺃﻱ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﲨﻴﻠﺘﲔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺒﺸﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﲑﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﻏﻮﺕ ﺃﺑﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻌﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﻲ ﺑﺸﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﲔ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﺺ "ﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﻲ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻭﺑﺸﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ‬

‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ" )ﺃﺷﻌﻴﺎﺀ ‪.(١)(١١ :٢٧‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﺎﻭﻱ ‪ -‬ﺁﻻﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺇﳒﻴﻞ ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﺪﺭﻱ – ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻹﺻﺤﺎﺣﺎﺕ ‪– ٢٠ – ١٨‬‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ‪ .٤ :‬ﺹ ‪ -١٠٢‬ﺍﺑﺮﻳﻞ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬


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‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﱘ"‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻞ ﺛﻴﺆﻃﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑـ "ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‪ ‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ" ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺎﺋﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻣﺆﻛﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻗﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﺹ "ﻭﲡﺴ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻗَ َﻠﺐ‪ ‬ﺣﺰ�ﻨﺎ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺿﻴﻘﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﺡ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭﲥﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻨﺴﺠﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻭ�ﺮﺗﻞ ﻷﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ "‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻨﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻭﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻫﺎﺑﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻟﻴﺸﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﺬ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﺶ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ؟‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﻙ ﻟﻠﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ "ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ‬ﻟﻚ‪ ‬ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌﺔً �ﻌﻤﺔً" ﻫﻲ ﻧﺺ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻻ ﻣﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﳚﻴﻨﻮﺱ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻼ ‪‬ﻙ ﻣﺮ ‪‬ﱘ ﺑﻠﻐ ‪‬ﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﱂ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺹ ﻻ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ" ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻼﻙ "ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻬﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺷﺨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺧﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪﻳﺴﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻧﺒﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺘﺄﻣﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺩﻫﺸﺖ ﻭﺗﻌﺠﺒﺖ ﻭﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﻼﻙ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺿﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ "ﻻ ﲣﺎﰲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻷﻧﻚ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺳﺘﺤﺒﻠﲔ ﻭﺗﻠﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﺪﻋﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ"‪.(Hom VI In Luc) .‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﳚﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﻧﺪﺭﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺔ ﻣﺮﱘ ﳑﺘﻠﺌﺔ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃﺣﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ "ﳑﺘﻠﺌﺔ �ﻌﻤﺔً" ﺗﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ "ﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍ ﹸﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ" ﻫﻮ ﺗﻄﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﻄﺮﻑ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻜﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﰐ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻱ ‪ Farrar‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﳒﻴﻞ ﻟﻮﻗﺎ ﻻ ﻣﺜﻴﻞ ﳍﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻔﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﰲ )ﺃﻑ ‪ (٦ :١‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪ χαρτω‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﲏ ﻓﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ‬


‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻦ ﳎﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﳝﺪﺣﻪ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﱐ ‪ χαιρω‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ‪ χαρα‬ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺡ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﱢﻠﺺ ﺑﻪ )ﻣﺰﻣﻮﺭ ‪ .(٣ :٨٣‬ﻓﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮﺡ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ )ﻣﺰﻣﻮﺭ ‪- ١٦ :٤٠ - ١ :٣٣ - ١١ :٣٢ - ٩ :١٦ - ٢ :٩ - ١١ :٥‬‬ ‫‪ - ١١ :٦٣‬ﺃﺷﻌﻴﺎﺀ ‪ .(١٨ :٦٥ - ١١ :٥١ - ١٠ :٣٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺡ )‪ ٢‬ﻛﻮﺭ ‪ - ١٦ ،٩ :٧‬ﻓﻴﻠﱯ ‪ ٢ - ١٠ :٤‬ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ‪ ٢‬ﻛﻮ ‪- ٩ :١٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﱴ ‪ - ١٠ :٢‬ﻟﻮﻗﺎ ‪ ٨ :٢٣‬ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ ‪ - ٢٠ :٢٠‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪.(٢٣ :١١‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ‪ χαρειν‬ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻛﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ "ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﺥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ ﻳﻬﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻼﻣﹰﺎ" )ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٣ :١٥‬ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪ - ٢٦ :٢٣‬ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ‪ ١ :١‬ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻛﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺮﻳﺔ )ﻣﺮﻗﺲ ‪ - ١٨ :١٥‬ﻣﱴ ‪:٢٦‬‬ ‫‪ - ٤٩‬ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ ‪ ،(٣ :١٩‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻀﻮﻉ ﻭﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﱐ ﺑﺘﻤﲏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻳﺘﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﲟﺠﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﲡﺴﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﱢﻠﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ "ﺍﺑﺘﻬﺠﻲ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﻭﺭﺷﻠﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺫﺍ ﻣﻠﻜﻚ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‪ .‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺩﻳﻊ ﻭﺭﺍﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺤﺶ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫)ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ‪ .(٩ :١٠‬ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﺧﺎﺹ ﲟﺠﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻣﺘﺠﺴﺪﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻭﺭﺷﻠﻴﻢ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﺭﺷﻠﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺻﻔﻨﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ "ﺗﺮﳕﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺮﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﻬﺠﻲ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻗﻠﺒﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﺷﻠﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻜﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‪ .‬ﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﻋﺪﻭﻙ‪ .‬ﻣﻠﻚ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻄﻚ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻈﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﺮﹰﺍ" )ﺻﻔﻨﻴﺎ ‪.(١٤ :٣‬‬ ‫"ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺃﻭﺭﺷﻠﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺒﺘﻬﺞ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻣﺘﺠﺴﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﺻﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺣﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﲢﺎﺩﻩ ﲜﺴﺪﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺯﺍﻝ ﻋﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺛﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﺼﻜﻮﻙ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺟﻠﺴﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﺃﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻭﻙ" )ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺻﻨﻔﻴﺎ ‪ ١ : ٣‬ﻟﻠﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ‪ Luonnet‬ﳚﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻌﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﱐ ﻹﳒﻴﻞ ﻟﻮﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﳎﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﳎﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ‪.(The Expositors Greek Testament, vol I, 463) :‬‬


‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻮﻫﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ‪ .‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻘﺎﻩ ﻟﺬﺍﺗﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻘﺪﻩ )ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﱴ ‪ - ١٣ :١٠‬ﻟﻮﻗﺎ ‪ .(٦-٥ :١٠‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﳓﻦ ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻷﻥ ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﻄﺊ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻄﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻄﻴﺔ ‪ <ere‬ﺇﱃ "ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ"؛‬ ‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺣﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻔﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ‪.‬‬

‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌﺔ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ" ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻣﲔ ‪ Migne‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻳﻐﻮﺭﻳﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﺋﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪ -‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻚ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻣﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺮﺡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ "ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫"ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﳋﻔﻲ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﲢﺮﻛﺖ ﲝﻨﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺹ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﻔﻘﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻓﺴﺪﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﺧﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷ ‪‬ﻮﻩ ﺍﳉ ‪‬ﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻘﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻼﻙ ﺍﳌﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﰐ‪ .‬ﺃﻓﺴﺪ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﺘﻪ ﻳﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻏﱪﻳﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺮﱘ‪ .‬ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ "ﺃﻋﻤﺎ ﹲﻝ ﳎﻴﺪ ﹲﺓ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ )ﻣﺰﻣﻮﺭ ‪ .(٣ :٨٦‬ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺼﲑ ﲰﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳋﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻐﻴﻮﺙ ﻣﻄﺮ ﳎﻴﺌﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍ ﹸﳌﻌﺪ ﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺭﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺮ ﻭﺗﻜﱠﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺃﹸﺫ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻮﻑ ﹸﺃﻭﻟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺮ‪‬ﺗﺐ ﱄ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﲏ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ‪‬ﺗﺮﻋﺐ ﻭﻻ ﹸﲣﻴﻒ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﺮﱘ‪ .‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺳﻲ ﻭﺳﱢﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗﻞ ﳌﺮﱘ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻴﺔ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ"؛ ﻷﻧﲏ ﻣﺰﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﹸﻋﻠﻦ ﺭﲪﱵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻘﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻼ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟ ﹶﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﻠﻔﻪ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﱠﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﻗﺎﺋ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻚ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻣﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻼ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻦ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻒ ﺿﺪﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﺟﺮﺡ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺡ ﳑﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺩﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺮﺯ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﲜﺮ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﲔ ﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺧﱪﹰﺍ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺫﺍﻥ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻭﺣﺪ ‪‬ﻙ ﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻘﺒﻠﲔ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﹸﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺇﳍﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ‪ .‬ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻷﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﰲ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻼﻙ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺔ ﻣﺮﱘ‪:‬‬


‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫ﻚ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﻑ ﳛ ﱢﻞ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻣﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ )ﻋﺐ ‪ .(٣ :١‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺟﺴﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺠﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﲨﺎﻝ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ‪" ..‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻚ‪ .‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺭﺏ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻧﺢ ﻭﻣﻮﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ .‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﻓﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎ ﹶﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺿﻠﻊ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻣﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠﺪ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻗﻮﺗﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻠﲔ ﻣﻌﻪ "ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺤﺺ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻼﻙ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺒﺢ ﻭﳕ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﺣﲔ؛ ﻷﻧﻚ ﺗﻌﺎﻳﻨﲔ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻚ"‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻣﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻚ‪ .‬ﺭﺏ ﺍ‪‬ﺪ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻓﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﲑ ﻛﻞ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ )ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻴﺢ(‪.‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻗﺔ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺑﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺯﻫﺮ ﹰﺓ ﻋﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﺬﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺡ ﻧﻔﻮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﺮﻡ‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﺑﻄﻨﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹰﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻔﱠﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺖ ﲦﺮﹰﺍ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺍﺕ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻭﺣﻞ ﻓﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛ ‪‬ﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺸﺎﺀﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻛﲑﻟﺲ ﰲ ﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﳎﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﺴﺲ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲨﻌﻨﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻨـﺰ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻛﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﱂ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺝ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻔﺊ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻛﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻮﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﺛﻮﺫﻛﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﻨﻘﺾ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻹﳒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻴﺪﻋﻰ "ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻵﰐ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺏ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻮﻳﺖ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺘﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺸﺎﺀﻙ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﺔ‬


‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻳﻜﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﱄ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺱ‪ .‬ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻮﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺤﺘ ﹶﻔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻚ ﺗﻔﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﺴﺮ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﺭﺅﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻙ ﻫﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻃﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟ ‪‬ﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻚ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺭﹺﺑ ﹶﻄﺖ ﺑﺴﻼﺳﻞ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ ﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻇﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻭﺃﺧﱪ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻩ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲞﻼﺻﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﳛﻜﻤﻮﺍ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺱ‪) .‬ﻋﻈﺔ ‪ ٤‬ﰲ ﻣﺪﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﳎﻠﺪ ‪.(٩٩٢ : ٧٧‬‬


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