Mind the Gap

MIND the [ ] GAP_

2

Chapter Title

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

MIND the [ ] GAP_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Spanning the disconnect between the abstract concepts of circularity and individual lifestyles through interventions by the creative workforce within the context of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area.

Team:

Tutors:

Eva Labrujere Rashid Ayoubi Reza Pradana Selina Abraham Yue Mao

Hamed Khosravi Lei Qu Marcin Dabrowski

3

05

CONTENTS

00

Abstract

6-7

Introduction

9-23

01 02

24 - 33

Introduction Research Questions Circular Economy Creative Industry Metropolitan Landscape Conclusions References

03 04

Approach

34 - 39

Scope Methodology

Analysis

40 - 55

Regional Analysis of Material Flows Regional Analysis of Morphology and Typology Spatial Mapping the Creative Industry

58 - 71

Spatial Strategy Peri-urban Strategy Design Strategy Design Principles Governance Strategy Time-line Project Overview

06

Context Problem Statement Opportunities Problem Statement Strengths Objectives

Theoretical Framework

Strategy

Tactic Library

72 - 87

Project Interventions

88 - 141

Typology Overview Project 1 - To Engage Project 2 - To Demonstrate Project 3 - To Link Cycles Project 4 - To Close Cycles Regional Spatial Impact Map Vision Map

07 08

Reflections

142 - 147

Scientific Contribution Recommendations for Future Research Ethical Reflection

09

Appendix

A: Individual Reflections B: Creative Industry Mapping C: References D: The Team

148 - 163

ABSTRACT The research project seeks to address circular economy and the closing of material flows in the context of the metropolitan region of Amsterdam (AMA). This is done by using the potential of the region’s highly concentrated creative industry to create spatial interventions in the peri-urban regions of the AMA, in order to close material flows, link different cycles, make them visible to create awareness and demonstrate a sustainable lifestyle. The scope of the project was narrowed to address the individual lifestyles of the material cycle, to address the disconnect between the abstract concepts of circularity and the people. The project also seeks to enable and facilitate the creative industry through policies and incentives to retain the workforce in the region. To achieve this, the AMA was analyzed with respect to material flows at a regional scale, regional morphology of the AMA and spatial factors relevant specifically to the metropolitan region. The resultant synthesis was used to identify eight intervention zones, each representing a typology of the peri-urban region. Spatial interventions were proposed, that were relevant to the material flows, stake-holders, the creative industry and the people’s lifestyle. The conclusions of each typology determined square would then be relevant in similar typologies at the regional scale forming a comprehensive regional spatial strategy for the region.

keywords circular economy, sustainability, creative industry, amsterdam metropolitan region, placemaking, sustainable lifestyles

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

9

INTRODUCTION Context Problem Statement Opportunities Problem Statement Strengths Objectives Research Questions

Based on our first impressions, and initial research of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region (AMA), we identified opportunities, problems and strengths to work with.

10

Introduction

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

11

amsterdam metropolitan region The AMA

Image 1. The AMA Source - Author(s) 2017

Fishing Villages

36

Amsterdam Center

The purpose of this research is to design a framework for professionals from the creative industry to achieve sustainable urban development and circularity in the use of resources, buildings and infrastructure which could lead to a regional vision of a more sustainable lifestyle. This is undertaken in the context of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (AMA).

1200s

Zaanstreek

(AMA) is part of larger Metropolitan Network, called the Deltametropolis. The Dutch Deltametropolis [Image 1] is a collection of several small and medium sized cities, with the AMA as one of the most dominant players in the network.

The metropolis is internationally best known for its flat polder landscape, windmills and small villages. The Dutch preference for equalitarian politics and a fear for the ‘big city’ has resulted in a metropolis without a single cosmopolitan center of power and culture. This makes the Deltametropolis very different from other European cities like London and Paris, which typically feature a single metropolitan center. It provides planners with a unique context where the regional landscape is interwoven with the built-up area. Within the Deltametropolis, the Ranstad

and Leiden.

Flevoland

Amsterdam

The AMA fits into the northern part of the Randstad. It is a region consisting of the city of Amsterdam and multiple expansion

Agglomeration of surrounding areas

Haarlememeer

Het Gooi en Vechtstreek

Peri-urban and rural areas

Trade Hub

locations primarily Almere, IJmond, and Haarlemmermeer.

1700s

[Image 2] It is composed of urban, peri-urban and rural areas and includes 36 municipalities. [Image 3] And is located within two provinces – North Holland and Flevoland. (Gemeente-

Image 2. Urban Density in the AMA. Source – Gementee-Amsterdam, 3 Zones - Municipality border, Agglomeration (connected building area), Metropolitan Region Amsterdam Available at: http://www.aebamsterdam.com/ (Accessed 05 March 2017)

Image 3. The 36 Municipalities of the AMA Source - Redrawn by Author(s) based on data from Gemeente-Amsterdam (2016) Metropoolregio Amsterdam in cijfers 2016 - Onderzoek, Informatie en Statistiek, Amsterdam: Gemeente-Amsterdam.

Amsterdam, 2016). Significant features of the region include

Financial Centre

75%

mil

230 1.5 k

companies

jobs

mil

1900s

economic and political player with significant social, economic

2000s Furthermore, the region is home to 2.4 million people, 1.1

Creative Knowledge Economy

2006

Circular Economy

2016

million households, 230 thousand companies and 1.5 million jobs. Coincidentally, of all the creative industry workforce working in the Netherlands, 75 percent of the workforce are located in the AMA region. This characteristic in particular made it suitable to undertake a research project to define a framework for circularity specifically for the creative workforce.

creative industry in NL located in the AMA

Image 4. Statistics for the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region.

Source - Amsterdam-Metropolitan-Area (2016) MRA Agenda 2016-2020, Amsterdam.

Icons from ‘the Noun Project’. Available: https://thenounproject.com

the Schiphol Airport and the Port of Amsterdam. AMA is a key and political institutions based in the region.

Logistics Hub

households

2.4 people

Area

centers are located within smaller university towns like Delft

Waterland +

IJmeer

1.1

Metropolitan

center, and the central seaport at Rotterdam. The technological

Haarlem

Peri-urban and Rural Areas

Amsterdam

the national capital of the Netherlands, Den Haag, the political

Markemeer

IJmond

Agglomeration of Neighbouring Boundaries

the

(ring city) is an agglomeration of three major cities, Amsterdam,

Municipalities

City of Amsterdam Municipality Border

Geographically

Image 5. Development Trends in the AMA Image by Author(s) 2017 Source: Bontje, M., & Sleutjes, B. (2007). The Amsterdam Metropolitan Area: towards a creative knowledge region. Pathways to creative and knowledge-based cities: The case of Amsterdam. ACRE Report, 2.

The AMA’s economic prowess can also be attributed to the creative industries. It delivers 5% (4.3 billion EUR) of additional economical value and 5% (over 90,000) jobs in the region (Amsterdam Economic Board, 2014).

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Introduction

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

13

opportunities a Sustainable Agenda for the AMA

1

The AMA features a very enthusiastic and powerful municipal body. As a part of their joint sustainable agenda, they seek transistion into a circular economy.

The consortium is a key influential stakeholder that forms an opportunity in the region.

2

There are many initiatives taken by the municipal bodies that make up the AMA that show that they are actively implementing Circular Economy in the region. This can be seen in the many visions and agenda’s made by the AMA and it’s municipalities and also in projects where circularity has already been implemented .

‘Circular Amsterdam’ (Circle Economy, 2016) is the municipality of Amsterdam’s vision and agenda for a Circular Economy. It recognizes the city of Amsterdam as a pioneer of Circular Economy and sees great potential

9

in the construction chain and the organic residual stream

3

4

AEB Amsterdam (Afval Energie Bedrijf, or Waste Energy

chain to further the development of a Circular Economy

Company) and an expansion of the district heating grid has

in the city of Amsterdam. This can lead to a saving of

been a main player in sustainable energy production. AEB

900.00 tonnes of bio-mass annually and 500.000 tonnes

Amsterdam annually, converts 99% of the 1.4 million tons

of construction materials by 2040.

of municipal and into sustainable energy and raw materials.

AEB Amsterdam is the main sources of renewable energy on

The AMA agenda 2016-2020 (MRA, 2016)Strives to have

Amsterdam territory (71%) (Gemeente-Amsterdam, 2012).

an AMA region that is internationally competitive but that also has a clean economy. This is to be achieved by preserving the built environment, expansion of thermal networks and upscaling of smart grids.

There are also projects in the AMA region that are already implementing concepts of Circular Economy. The AEB for example is a Waste Incineration plant owned by the city of Amsterdam, that provides electricity for 300.000

5

households and heating for 15.000 households by

6

burning waste from households, businesses and the UK .

10

Buiksloterham is a neighborhood in the north of Amsterdam, is a unique project serving as a “living test bed” for Amsterdam’s broader transition to become a “circular, smart, and biobased city”. However, within Amsterdam, Buiksloterham is a rare case.

7

8

it also has many features that make it a good case study for the transformation of other post-industrial neighborhoods in cities

Multiple plans and documents have been published by the

around the world. (Metabolic et.al., 2014) The development of

AMA and associated organisations on circular economy.

such unique projects have been facilitated in the AMA.

Images 1-10 - Large Scale Incentives in the AMA towards a Circular Economy Sources:1,3,4 - Circular Amsterdam. Available: http://www. circle-economy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/CircularAmsterdam-EN-small-210316.pdf 2 - Amsterdam-Metropolitan-Area (2016) MRA Agenda 20162020, Amsterdam.Icons from ‘the Noun Project’. Available: https://thenounproject.com 5,6 - Gemeente-Amsterdam (2012) Towards the Amsterdam Circular Economy. Amsterdam.

7 - PUMA. Available: http://waag.org/sites/waag/files/public/ media/publicaties/prospecting-the-urban-mines-of-amsterdam. pdf 8. Nederland circulair 2050. Available: https://www.rijksoverheid. nl/binaries/rijksoverheid/documenten/rapporten/2016/09/14/ bijlage-1-nederland-circulair-in-2050/bijlage-1-nederlandcirculair-in-2050.pdf 9 - aebAmsterdam Aeb Facility Amsterdam. [Photograph].

Available at: http://www.aebamsterdam.com/ (Accessed 05 March 2017) 10 - Buiksloterham. Photograph. Author(s)

References Circle Economy,. (2016). Circular Amsterdam. Amsterdam: Gemeente Amsterdam.

MRA,. (2016). AMA agenda 2016-2020. Amsterdam: MRA.

“circular economy is the blueprint for sustainability” (MacArthur, 2013)

14

Introduction

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Problem Statement Despite the large amount of research and projects underway in the area, there is a dissociation between the everyday lifestyle of the people and the processes of circular economy. For instance, compared to other similar cities, Amsterdam lacks in segregation of waste. Amsterdam produces an average of 322kg of household waste per person of which only 19 percent is segregated. Comparable European cities have a

“

During the excursion we visited Buiksloterham, a neighborhood where circularity concepts are fully integrated in the design of the neighborhood. This picture was taken during the excursion and it depicts a sign showing that the trash recycling point is around the building. This inhabitant however decided to place their trash under the sign instead. This picture forms the starting point for this entire project because it sparked the realization that if the the people do not participate, circularity concept that are implemented will not function efficiently.

much higher segregation rate, Vienna manages 45 percent (Gemeente-Amsterdam, 2015). The AMA municipalities aim to achieve 65 to 75 percent segregation by 2020. This can only be achieved by cooperation from the city’s inhabitants

the project seeks to address

the disassociation between the abstract concepts of sustainability and people’s lifestyle

and a change in lifestyle coupled with increased awareness is critical. An analysis of the final end use of energy in the EU-28 in 2014 shows three dominant categories: namely, transport (33.2 %), industry (25.9 %) and households (24.8 %) (Eurostat 2014). While the used amount of electricity in the Netherlands by households between 1990-2013 shows an average increase of 1,7% yearly with a stronger trend the last years. ( CBS, PBL, Wageningen UR, 2014). Energy efficiency can only be achieved by cooperation from the city’s inhabitants. A change in lifestyle coupled with increased awareness is critical. Also the research from the national government, found on the website from the ‘Compendium voor de Leefomgeving’, shows the amount of people aged older than 18, that consider the environment as a

sustainability

relevant societal issue. This has drastically decreased to only 4 percent of the people in 2012.

At present, the environmental and economic aspects of

Image 6 - Unsustainable Practices Photograph Source - Author(s) 2017

sustainability have overshadowed the social aspects of sustainability (See Chaper 2). (Dillard et al., 2008) One of the many ways that this manifests itself is that that the concept of sustainability remains an abstract construct disconnected from people at a personal level.

people’s lifestyles

Data Sources - Voedcentrum Voedselverspilling door consumenten Factsheet (2016), Available: http://www.voedingscentrum.nl/Assets/ Uploads/voedingscentrum/Documents/Professionals/Pers/Factsheets/ Factsheet%20Bewaren%20van%20voedsel_Voedingscentrum_mei%20 2016.pdf - Milieu Centraal en Voedingscentrum (2011). Voedselverspilling: miljarden in de vuilnisbak. Deskstudie in opdracht van Agro & Co, 14 pp.

Eurostat (2014). Consumption of Energy. Available at: ec.europa.eu/ euostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Consumption_of_energy - CBS, PBL, Wageningen UR (2014). Energieverbruik door huishoudens, 1990-2013 (indicator 0035, versie 19 , 29 september 2014 ). www. compendiumvoordeleefomgeving.nl. CBS, Den Haag; Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving, Den Haag/Bilthoven en Wageningen UR, Wageningen.

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Introduction

who constitute economical importance c.i. %

NL

Europe’s creative regions

40.312 90.727

businesses

SME (MKB) I.P.’s (ZZP’ers)

average

(NL5,5)

freelancers

C.I. businesses

starters

why the creative industry? why the creative industry?

many starters few fastly developing businesses

many quitters

trending

63 permanent jobs jobs in C.I. 7% (NL3,5%)

below 21.908 average above average (61%)

‘10 - ‘14

+1% vol.of labor

(0,1%)

arts

creative business services

within c.b.s even 80%

writing & artistic creation movie production

11

22

small-sized small-sizedbusinesses businesses highest rate ==more more flexibility flexibility totochange change

arts

33

media & entertainment

70% >35H

passing passingthrough throughcircular circular advertising principles, principles, carrying carryingout outlifestyle, lifestyle, could couldhelp helpothers otherswith withthat that a acollective collective ofofthem themcould could performing art start startlocal localcircular circularinitiatives initiatives

highly highlyrepresented representedand andvery very visible visiblesector sector ininAMA AMA photography

fashion - digital media - advertising - design

€

37 temporary

industrial design individual individual / community / community

media & entertainment

1p 65%

4,7% 10- 99p

40.312

2,3p

90.727

individual / community passing through circular principles, carrying out lifestyle, could help others with that a collective of them could start local circular initiatives

relevant?

leading:

creative business services

a highly concentrated Creative Industry why are they

why the creative industry?

concentration of CI in AMA with A’DAM as focal area

17,3% (NL10%)

1. A’DAM 2. HILVERSUM 3. HAARLEM 4. ALMERE 5. ZAANSTAD

(2011)

the roles they can play the roles they can play

A’DAM

#14

AMA

ranked

€ 4.300.000.000

added value # businesses # jobs

strengths

the roles they can play

the creative industry?

CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE AMA

of employment

business/educ. institute creative cluster passing through knowledge, events, digital & physical platforms, The AMA consortium acknowledges the importance of through product or their services, placemaking, raising awareness, having a visible process, sharing knowledge, thecircular creative industry for the economy and innovation, therefore has awareness, co-creation and created a strategy; ‘Clusterstrategie Creatieve Industrie’. innovation, placemaking?

Their goal is to upscale the creative industries in the AMA and to bring it in a central position as innovation motor for other sectors. Ranked 14th within Europes

highly represented and very 1 visible sector in AMA creative creativecluster cluster business/educ. business/educ.institute institute

4

creative there is a need to compete in order to closelyregions, connected to people example: Westergasfabriek highest visitation rate

improve that comparison position (Amsterdam Economic Board, 2014). of 140 global passing passingthrough throughknowledge, knowledge, events, events,digital digital&&physical physicalplatforms, platforms, through throughproduct productoror their theirservices, services, placemaking,raising raisingawareness, awareness, small-sized businessesplacemaking, morethe affiliated sustainable values Within AMA,with there is a concentration in the city of having havinga avisible visiblecircular circular process, sharing sharingknowledge, knowledge,innovation, innovation, = moreprocess, flexibility to change awareness, awareness,co-creation co-creationand and Amsterdam. Based on the added value of the creative innovation, innovation,placemaking? placemaking? industries of the cities in the AMA, the amount of bussinesses spill - over on other sectors affects economy as whole and the creative workforce, Amsterdam is largest contributor, high on agenda of AMA followed by Hilversum (being the largest media hub of the

5

2 3

44 55

closely closelyconnected connectedtotopeople people

country), Haarlem, Almere, and Zaanstad. Together they are

example: example:Westergasfabriek Westergasfabriekhighest highestvisitation visitationrate rate ofof140 140global globalcomparison comparison

accountable for generating 27,9% of the total added value of the creative industry in the Netherlands (Gemeente Amsterdam

more moreaffiliated affiliatedwith withsustainable sustainablevalues values

Bureau Onderzoek en Statistiek, 2012). Often mentioned as large factor of the industry’s importance, is the spill-over effect of the creative sector towards other sectors.This especially

spill spill- -over overon onother othersectors sectors affects affects economy economy asaswhole whole highest self-employment high high on on agenda agendaofofAMA AMA rate (71%)

goes for the subsectors of Digital Media and the Creative business services, explaining why these are especially high on the agenda of the AMA (Amsterdam Economic Board, 2014).

largest workforce

Further it is an important notion that the industry seems to be stronger related to sustainable values than other industries.

In the ‘Monitor Creatieve Industrie’ from the municipality who are they

AMBITION PASSION mostly men (within c.b.s even 8/10!)

2/3

many initiatives

of Amsterdam, sustainability is pointed as one of the issues

PRIDE

HONESTY

100%

30% has a degree

mostly hbo or higher

circular and creative lifestyles

holding a growing role in the creative industry (Gemeente Amsterdam Bureau Onderzoek en Statistiek, 2012) (Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Dutch Ministry of Education,

13% many western immigrants mostly in arts (1/6)

15-34

!

35-44

45-64

physical > digital

nerd

bohemian

captain

sector

science, ICT and technology,

languages, humanities, design, communication and arts

music and television production

w/l

works + lives separately

likely to work from home, working and living intertwined.

work from home & sub-office in the city

living

prefers green, attractive suburb or in the countryside

urban environment, in/close to city, urban lifestyle

residences in the countryside

17

With the unique flexibile nature and Culture and Science, 2009). As well stated by Unesco research, the close relation to people’s lifestyle, is that the cultural and creative sector is a driver and enabler we believe that creative workforce can of sustainable development, (Unesco UN System Task Team, be the agents and a catalyst for our 2012) having environmental, social and economical impact. projects to reach the objectives. policy, Delftalso describes how the industries based on creative 1. Romain, A.,Trip, J.J., (2012), People climate - Intangible urban qualities in local economic Hartley 2. MediaLab Amsterdam, (2013), Creative City - Connecting the Creative Scene in Amsterdam 3. Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, content (2009), and new communications technologies are well suited Creative Value - Culture and Economy Policy paper, (2009), Den Haag p. 24, p.26 to environmentally and socially sustainable development, 4. Stam, E., De Jong, J.P.J., Marlet, G., (2008), Creative industries in the Netherlands: structure, development, innovativeness and effects on urban growth, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 90 (2): 119–132 and Bureau are peopled by innovators 5. Urlings, N., Braams, N., (2011), Creatieve industrie in Nederland - Creatieve beroepen, Centraal voor de Statistiek, Den Haag, and entrepreneurs who retrieved from https://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/7C94DCC5-B419-4FC4-A73E-332317917B18/0/2011creatieveindustriecreatieveberoepen.pdf share themelves sympathies with counter-cultural values.

6. Sociaal-Economische Raad en Raad voor Cultuur, (2016), Verkenning Arbeidsmarkt Cultuursector, Huisdrukkerij SER, Den Haag, p.47, p.64 7. Gemeente Amsterdam, Bureau Onderzoek en Statistiek, (2012), Monitor Creatieve Industrie MRA 2012 - Eindrapportage, Amsterdam environment and deal fairly with fellow humans (Hartley. 2005).

8. Amsterdam Economic Board, (2014), Clusterstrategie Creatieve Industrie 2014-2020 - Naar een Europese toppositie door demonstreerbaar leidend te zijn in innovatief en creatief vermogen, Amsterdam 9. Unesco UN System Task Team, (2012), UN System Task Team on the post-2015 UN Development Agenda - Culture: a driver and an enabler of sustainable development 10. Icons from Thomas Helbig from the Noun Project

And eventually become a front-runner and trend-setter of the envisioned sustainable and circular lifestyle in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (AMA).

1.1.Romain, Romain, A.,Trip, A.,Trip,J.J., J.J.,(2012), (2012),People Peopleclimate climate- Intangible - Intangibleurban urbanqualities qualitiesininlocal localeconomic economicpolicy, policy,Delft Delft

18

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Rhein-Ruhr (DE)

Deltametropolis (NL)

N

+

+

Concentric Zone model (Burgess)

arssoiciation, developed a collaborative “The Metropolitan Region of Amsterdam publication - called Blind Spot. The (MRA) is a vibrant metropolis wherethe economic innovations flourish and whose dynamics are of multiple document analyses the identity N Deltametropolis (NL) embedded in acities historical and unique landscape.” using specific criteria. The diagrams

W

Rhein-Ruhr (DE) N

JANDIRK HOEKSTRA, PROVINCIAL LANDSCAPE ADVISOR OF THE PROVINCE NORTH HOLLAND IN KWALITEITSBEELD MRA LANDSCHAP, 2015

draw up the most prominent elements in

S

+

London (UK)

+ Francisco (US)= San

N

Radial Sector model (Hoyt)

the metropolitan landscape that can be

Milan (IT)

W

E

N

Concentric Zone model (Burgess)

“The Metropolitan Region of Amsterdam (MRA) is a vibrant metropolis where reached economic within a time span of 1.5 hours innovations flourish and whose dynamics are N from the region’s main population centers. embedded in a historical and unique landscape.”

N

Multiple Nuclei model (Harris & Ullman)

The metropolitan landscape diagrams

JANDIRK HOEKSTRA, PROVINCIAL LANDSCAPE ADVISOR OF THE PROVINCE NORTH HOLLAND IN KWALITEITSBEELD MRA LANDSCHAP, 2015

S

London (UK) N

W

San Francisco (US) E

combine three of the main economic city

Milan (IT)

N

W

E

N

W

models of the 20th century: the Concentric

E

Zone model (Burgess), the Radial Sector model (Hoyt) and the Multiple Nuclei W

E

W

E

S

W

N

N

Toronto (CA)

+

Concentric Zone model (Burgess)

Radial Sector model (Hoyt)

Taipei (TW)

N

E

W

W

E

“The Metropolitan Region of Amsterdam (MRA) is a vibrant metropolis where economic innovations flourish and whose dynamics are embedded in a historical and unique landscape.”

W

W San Francisco (US)

W

90 MIN

Dutch Deltametropolis developed to from compact cities in a wide agricultural landscape “towards an almost continuous urban field interwoven with patches of60agriculture land MIN and green space”. However, there are larger and relatively untouched green entities in this region, for example the

30 MIN

90 MIN

Groene Hart or the Green Heart, a central agricultural feature in the Ranstad, as well as the green agricultural land between

60 MIN

the Hague and Rotterdam. In some areas, agriculture morhped

15 MIN

with 30 MINurban typologies in form of green houses and logistic centers, for example the Greenport. The Deltametropolis is regarded “worldwide as one of the main players in the agro-

urban and rural elements (Nefs et al., 2016).

E

E

90 MIN

Milan (IT) N

W

E

suburbanization and the advent of the auto industry. Slowly the

N

JANDIRK HOEKSTRA, PROVINCIAL LANDSCAPE ADVISOR OF THE PROVINCE NORTH HOLLAND IN KWALITEITSBEELD MRA LANDSCHAP, 2015

S

N

E

the Second World War, Dutch cities, grew due to trends of

have a unique and varied living experience, a meld of both

E

Multiple Nuclei model (Harris & Ullman)

N

W

W

N

London (UK)

and are often disperesed but clustered closely together. After

food sector.” Today, the inhabitants of the Deltametropolis,

N

S

Cities of the Dutch Deltametropolis are relatively small in size

15 MIN

+Taipei (TW) =

S

Paris (FR)

N

Deltametropolis (NL) (Nefs et al., 2016). model (Harris and Ullman)

N

S

Paris (FR) S

Rhein-Ruhr (DE)

E

S

Toronto (CA)

a unique metropolitan landscape identity

E

Multiple Nuclei model (Harris & Ullman)

60 MIN

E

W

30 MIN

E

W

E

W

E

W

E

15 MIN

S

S

S

S

S

Johannesburg (ZA)

Rio de Janeiro (BR)

W

E

E

W

E

E

W

W

E

W

E

W

Lake

River

Wetland

Beach

Mountain

S

S

Ocean

Lake

Ravine

River

Wetland

Beach

Mountain

Ravine

Heathland

Forest

Historic area

W

E

Heathland

Images - DNA Sequencing of the Metropolitan Landscape. Source - Nefs, M., Geuze, A. and Bos, E. 2016. Blind spot. Deltametropolis Association.

N

S

Farmland

Forest

Lake

Peat meadows S River waterfronts MAIN LANDSCAPE FEATURES Beach & dunes Peat(NL) meadows Deltametropolis Polders (farmland) Historical centers River waterfronts Wetlands Beach & dunes Forest

Farmland

N

Built area

W

Historic area

E

S

W

S

River

Wetland

Beach

Mountain

Ravine

S

Heathland

Forest

Farmland

Polders (farmland) MAIN LANDSCAPE FEATURES Historical centers Peat meadows waterfronts Wetlands River Beach & dunes Polders (farmland) Forest E

Built area

S

Ocean

MAIN ECONOMIC SECTORS Logistics & trade Financial services Information technology Biotechnology Agro-food S Marine engineering Government & diplomacy automotive MAIN ECONOMIC SECTORS Nanotechnology Logistics & trade

E

S

Johannesburg (ZA)

N

S

W

E

E

S

Rio de Janeiro (BR) Ocean

W

MAIN LANDSCAPE FEATURES

E

S

S

N

N

W

W

Taipei (TW)

N

N

N

N

S

Deltametropolis (NL)

N

N

N

S

Toronto (CA)Deltametropolis (NL) Paris (FR)

Johannesburg (ZA)

Rio de Janeiro (BR)

S

S

Historic area

Built area

Historical centers Wetlands Forest

19

strengths

Deltametropool, a research and design

=

Radial Sector model (Hoyt)

Chapter Title

S

Financial services Information technology Biotechnology Agro-food Marine engineering Government & diplomacy automotive Nanotechnology

MAIN ECONOMIC SECTORS Logistics & trade Financial Theservices unique meld of Information technology natural landscape Biotechnology with urban built Agro-food environment Marine engineering Government diplomacy makes &the AMA a automotive interesting location Nanotechnology

for place-making projects.

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Introduction

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

21

strengths Landscape Identity and the Creative Industry “Ugly Landscape scares away Talent”

Many metropolises have successfully attracted talent and capital using a strong landscape identity. Not only does high landscape attractiveness draw highly skilled professionals to region, it also increases the quality of

Even more business parks, greenhouses

life for the current inhabitants. While attracting highly

and windmills in the Netherlands: that

skilled professionals, there are three important features

would be disastrous. Also for the economy,

to consider in the metropolitan landscape. Firstly,

according to Adriaan Geuze, ‘the guru of the landscape’.

inner -city interactive environments with mixed use of functions. Secondly, the option of green suburban environments and thirdly, recreational environments.

In the article, he argues that the quality of

At present, the unique Dutch landscape is at risk,

the landscape is an important factor for

because it urban development and infrastructure is

economic succes, as a main attractor of

very fragmented. And, open space is being eaten into,

high-skilled creative and entrepreneurial

by the cities in the Netherlands. And at present the

workers. Geuze is professor of landscape

municipality does not acknowledge the value of the

architecture in Wageningen and founder of West8 in Rotterdam, a bureau for urbanism and landscape design.

Image - Landscape Attractiveness in the Media Source - Dirks, B (2016) Ugly country deters talent, Financial Times [Newspaper Article] Available: http://www.deltametropool.nl/site/ getfile.php?id=600

Landscape identity of the region.

A strong landscape identity not only contributes to the place-making potential of the region, but also to the health and well-being of the inhabitants. Additionally, it draws highly skilled professionals who can contribute to the economy of the region.

1

2

22

Introduction

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

23

objectives Based on our preliminary analysis of the existing condition in the Amsterdam Metropolitan region, coupled with our first

01

02

to use the creative potential to span the disconnect between abstract concepts of circularity and people’s lifestyles

impressions, we postulated a three-fold objective for the

finding methods to intervene in the material flows, spatially

What we mean with our goal regarding a sustainable

design strategy.

Vision A more sustainable way of lifestyle in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region by the year 2050.

lifestyle (visionary version)?

We aim for a more sustainable lifestyle adopted by as many as people possible within the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region by the year 2050.

03

to preserve the landscape attractiveness of the region to attract highly skilled creative professionals and add value to the economy

To avoid misinterpretations of our intention, we will elucidate this. We would like to reach every person who is able to, to an understanding of the concept of sustainability and circularity, its importance, and consequently, the need for change.

Therefore, part of that understanding, includes the awareness of the fact that every person individually also has an impact on the earth, caused by their lifestyle. (The lifestyle of a particular person or group of people is the living conditions,

Image - Mind the Gap Objectives Source - Diagrams by Author(s) 2017

behaviour, and habits that are typical of them or are chosen by them - definition by Collins Dictionary). And, in that extend, feels a certain responsibility regarding the change towards a sustainable society.

Then, from this large group we are aiming for the largest amount as possible that will (from out this responsibility), become willing to, and subsequently indeed change their behaviour in order to contribute to sustainability in a way they feel it suites them. This includes; thrifty use of electricity, water, food, heating, and products, (for example separating waste, switching lights and devices off, less car driving, washing on 30 degrees, buying fair trade food, saving electricity), and possibly also more pro-active actions (starting up green energy initiatives, setting up carpooling, growing own food, educating about sustainable principles in schools).

24

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

25

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Introduction Research Questions Circular Economy Creative Industry Metropolitan Landscape Conclusions References

The Theoretical Framework is a compilation of different theories that defined the basis of the project.

26

Theoretical Framework

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Introduction

Research Questions

Circular economy and the AMA

This research design project seeks to address the disassociation between the abstract concepts of sustainability and circularity, and people’s lifestyles, within the context of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region (AMA). Briefly, the project is determined within the backdrop of the municipal body’s agenda towards a circular economy in the AMA, but statistics at a household and individual scale seem to undermine their efforts [Image 1]. The main objective is to design a framework for professionals from the creative industry to achieve sustainable urban development and circularity in the use of resources, buildings, and infrastructure.

This would lead to a vision of a more sustainable lifestyle at a regional scale and a sense of place linked with circularity and sustainability. For the purpose of this project, it was important to elaborate on a few of the theories that would be used to address the project objectives. Significant potential features of the region to achieve this, is the high concentration of a highly skilled creative industry and a unique urban metropolitan landscape.

1.1

2.1

Main Research Question

What is the AMA?

How can the potential of the highly concentrated

The AMA is a consortium of 36 municipalities within the

creative workforce in the AMA region be used to bridge

north-western part of the Netherlands [Image 2]. It fits

the disconnection between the abstract concepts

into the northern part of the Randstad (literally translated

of circular economy and individual lifestyles through

to ‘the Ring City’), an agglomeration of four major

regional spatial planning and design?

cities – Amsterdam, Rotterdam, the Hague and Utrecht – together forming a deltametropolis [Image 3]. The AMA is not to be confused with the city of Amsterdam,

1.2

Sub Research Questions

it includes additional expansion locations primarily Almere, IJmond, and Haarlemmermeer. It is composed

What is a circular economy? What is the Amsterdam

of urban, peri-urban and rural typologies. (Gemeente-

Metropolitan Region? What are the aspects of circular

Amsterdam, 2016). Significant features of the region

economy that are relevant to a metropolitan region?

include the Schiphol Airport and the Port of Amsterdam.

Why is it important to address individual lifestyles? What

The AMA is a key economic and political player with

role does sustainability play in regional planning?

significant social, economic and political institutions

What is the creative industry? Who constitute the creative

adopted a sustainable policy, in which circular economy

industry, specifically to the Amsterdam Metropolitan

is a central aspect.

causing of wastage

38%

for the creative industry to spatially intervene in the

2.2

Circular Economy in a Metropolitan Region

What is the Metropolitan Landscape? Why is landscape

lifestyle has been defined by a “take-make-dispose”

attractiveness of the region important? Why is it necessary

pattern. This linear process has involved the extraction

to contain urban sprawl and what are the merits of a

of material resources, their transformation, use and

compact city? What is the peri-urban morphology? Why

eventually disposal. This linear process has not only put

is it relevant to the region?

a high demand on our natural resources, but it has also

circular economy. In a circular economy, products are

about the environment ages 18>

yearly

4% ‘86

‘89

‘94 ‘97

19% of Household

designed for reuse, refurbishments and disassembly.

MUNICIPALITY IS targetting

standardization of components and purer material

WASTE is SEPARATED

and their electricity use

‘82

Markemeer

Zaanstreek

‘06 ‘10 ‘12

65-75% separation rates

Image 1. Data on un-sustainable lifestyle Choices Source - Redrawin by Author(s) a) Eurostat (2014). Consumption of Energy. Available at: ec.europa.eu/euostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Consumption_of_energy [accessed March 13, 2016]. b) CBS, PBL, Wageningen UR (2014). Energieverbruik door huishoudens, 1990-2013 (indicator 0035, versie 19 , 29 september 2014 ). www.compendiumvoordeleefomgeving.nl. CBS, Den Haag; Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving, Den Haag/Bilthoven en Wageningen UR, Wageningen. c) Gemeente-Amsterdam (2012) Towards the Amsterdam Circular Economy. Amsterdam.

Waterland +

IJmond

Haarlem

Flevoland

Amsterdam IJmeer

increased production costs. This has resulted in interest

24,8% -HOLDS 1,7%

Image 2. The Ranstad - a deltametropolis Source - Author(s) 2017

Since the advent of the industrial economy, our

HOUSE

RISES

Rotterdam

material flows?

90-13

BIGGEST WASTER

Utrecht

Region? Why are they relevant? What are the possibilities

CONCERN

end use of energy

The Hague

based in the region. At present, the consortium has

for companies and governments to move towards a

the consumer

AMA

Haarlememeer

Het Gooi en Vechtstreek

At its core lies the “improvement of material selection, flows”. In contrast, eco-efficiency (conventional recycling), where material flows are still linear, but the end products are recycled. In this case, the waste is downgraded to reduce the toxicity of the material flows.

But in a circular economy, the objective is to generate cyclical metabolisms, that enables materials to maintain their status as resources and their value increases by upcycling.

Image 3. The 36 Municipalities of the AMA Source - Redrawn by Author(s) based on data from Gemeente-Amsterdam (2016) Metropoolregio Amsterdam in cijfers 2016 - Onderzoek, Informatie en Statistiek, Amsterdam: Gemeente-Amsterdam.

27

28

Theoretical Framework

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

The MacArthur Foundation, states that “circular economy

making and by the availability of opportunities for

terms of spatial quality. These criteria included, a social

for 40,312 businesses and 90,727 jobs (Gemeente-

is the blue-print for sustainability” (MacArthur, 2013).

decision making” (Dillard et al., 2008).

climate of tolerance and openness, diversity, specific

Amsterdam

amenities, liveliness, and culture. These concepts of

2012). Considering the relevance of the creative industry

The consortium of municipalities in the Amsterdam have

and

29

Bureau_Onderzoek_en_Statistiek,

the roles they can play

identified six material flows relevant to a metropolitan

Hence, sustainability cannot be a rigid set of rules that

creative economy and creative industry, offered a new

to the regions economy, AMA consortium has already

region. These are the cycles of heat, energy, water,

can be forced on the public. It needs to account people’s

focal shift for city development and became popular

created a strategy; ‘Clusterstrategie Creatieve Industrie’

waste, food and phosphate (Gemeente-Amsterdam,

needs in different spectra. Sustainable policies can only

amongst urban policy-makers worldwide including

to upscale the creative industries in the AMA. They also

2012). Today many metropolitan regions like London,

succeed when people are involved in a collaborative

Dutch cities e.g., Amsterdam and Rotterdam (Romein

seek to prioritize the creative industry and as innovation

Hamburg, Rotterdam and Amsterdam, all have ambitions

manner, where they can have a say in the transformation

and Trip, 2012).

to embed circular economy into their urban operations.

of the built environment (Dillard et al., 2008). People

trigger for other sectors and subsequently improve the business/educ. instit

But how can we consolidate local ambitions and global

need to be at the center of any successful sustainable

supply chains (Van Bueren, 2017). At a metropolitan

urban development, critical a regional scale project.

3.2 the roles they can play the roles they can play

Social Sustainability

reconcile three conflicting interests – namely economic

€

projects in the built environment are undertaken at the

differentiating them will help to stipulate the objective

cost of the social aspects of sustainability (Campbell,

of this project.

90.727

A’DAM

#14

In the 1970s-1980s, a shift in the economy from large

construct disconnected from people at a personal level

scale to small scale production in European and

(Dillard et al., 2008). For the purpose of this paper, we

American cities, led to the emergence of creative cities SMEcity (MKB) (Caspers, 2013). The concept of creative is based on

businesses

that that the concept of sustainability remains an abstract

the theory that anyone can create exceptional things, I.P.’s (ZZP’ers)

average

needs based approach, human development, and the

within the right conditions (Landry, 2005).

The concept freelancers C.I. businesses (NL10%) 17,3% did not necessarily account for people working in the starters 4,7% creative industry, but depicted a transition from an 10- 99p

freedoms approach. Basic needs approach considers

industrial production many starterseconomy to a creative production

the fulfillment of essential human support systems, such

and service economy or creative economy. Richard

can be defined with three basic constructs – a basic

few fastly developing businesses

Florida (Florida, 2002) further elaborates on these terms,

approach considers an environment that enables the

emphasizing on the importance of the creative class as a

people, beyond basic needs. It includes people’s choices

critical component to be nurtured in a creative economy.

63 permanent He argues that, rather than the conservative industrial 37 temporary conception of “people follow jobs”, the appropriate

in all categories – social, economic, cultural, and political spheres. The Freedoms approach further unfolds the concept of social sustainability. It considers enables the people to sustain themselves and their capacity to effect change or transform their surroundings. This freedom is “facilitated by the processes that enable decision

jobs

as nutrition, water, shelter, etc. The Human Development

new notion

jobs be in C.I.“jobs should 7% (NL3,5%)

follow people”. Florida ‘10 - ‘14 labortalent +1% vol.of emphasizes the importance of promoting creative (0,1%)

trending

2,3p

(NL5,5)

1p 65%

40.312

many quitters

12.387

22

small-sized small-sizedbusinesses businesses ==more moreflexibility flexibilitytotochange change

exam

33

spill spill- -over overon onother other sectors sectors industrial affects affectseconomy economyas aswhole whole design high highon onagenda agendaofofAMA AMA

creative business services

arts

17.008

media & entertainment

10.917

€

below 21.908 average above average (61%)

3

44 55

leading:

fashion - digital media - advertising - design

>35H rather than businesses in the local economic policy. To 70% within c.b.s even 80% attract “creative talents”, he90.727 proposed a set of criteria, in

11

Statistiek, 2012, p. 10). visible visiblesector sectorininAMA AMA

concentration of CI in AMA with A’DAM as focal area

1996). One of the many ways that this manifests itself is

Social sustainability with a people-centric development

clos

5

2

3. HAARLEM 4. ALMERE (Gemeente_Amsterdam and Bureau_Onderzoek_en_ 5. ZAANSTAD highly highlyrepresented represented and andvery very

why the creative industry? why the creative industry?

without compromising the environment. Often, most

will only elaborate on social sustainability.

4

of 14 individual individual/ community / community CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE AMA segments - arts (including performing arts, creative 3.1 What is a Creative Economy? passing passingthrough throughknowledge, knowledge, events, events,digital digital&&physical physicalplatforms, platforms, passing passingthrough throughcircular circular through throughproduct productoror their theirservices, services, placemaking,raising raisingawareness, awareness, economical importance c.i. % small-sized businessesplacemaking, principles, carrying carrying outlifestyle, lifestyle, arts, cultural heritageprinciples, and other arts out and heritage), having havinga avisible visiblecircular circular process, sharing sharingknowledge, knowledge,innovation, innovation, mor = moreprocess, flexibility to change could couldhelp helpothers otherswith withthat that media & entertainment (including broadcasting, print Considering that the project seeks to use the creative awareness, awareness,co-creation co-creationand and a acollective collective ofofthem themcould could innovation, innovation, placemaking? placemaking? start start local local circular circular initiatives initiatives media, film, gaming, music industry, publishing and industry as a catalyst to bridge the gap between the spill - over on other sectors 1. A’DAM (2011) 4.300.000.000 addeditvalue live entertainment), creative business services (for abstract concepts of sustainability and people, is critical affects economy as whole 2. HILVERSUM high on agenda of AMA # businesses 40.312 example fashion, architecture, design, and advertising)“ to define the term and the associated terminologies like,

ranked Europe’s # jobs creativeeconomy’, ‘creative industry’, and ‘creative city’, ‘creative regions ‘creative class’. Although these terms are interrelated,

growth, promoting social justice, and simultaneously

highly represented and very 1 institute visible sector in AMA creative business/educ. business/educ.institute creativecluster cluster

material is key...” These are categorized under three

AMA

For sustainable urban development, a planner has to

where creation, production and exploitation of symbolic

NL

2.3

awareness, co-creat innovation, placemak

of the Amsterdam Economic Board, a “... sector is one

The Creative Industry

why the creative industry?

achieve a circular economy for metropolitan regions.

could help others with that a collective of them could start circular initiatives 3.3 Importance of local the Creative Industry

the term “creative industry”, using the same definition

to an efficient reuse and recycle model is closely linked people’s lifestyles and behavior patterns is intrinsic to

through product or th

principles, carrying out lifestyle, economy (Amsterdam-Economic-Board, 2014). having a visible circu

Who constitute the Creative Industry?

For the purpose of this project, we further elaborate on

scale, the transition from consume and discard model with living patterns (MacArthur, 2013). Hence, changing

individual / community

through kno continental ranking inthrough the development of a passing creative passing circular

closelyconnected connectedtotopeople people closely example: example:Westergasfabriek Westergasfabriekhighest highestvisitation visitationrate rate ofof140 140global globalcomparison comparison

more moreaffiliated affiliatedwith withsustainable sustainablevalues values

Based on our studies, the creative industry is relevant

advertising

to this project for five main reasons. Firstly, their large numbers, make them highly visible and well represented

performing art

sector in the AMA. Secondly, these range from small scale to mid-size business, who are more flexible than large-

writing & artistic creation

scale multi-national companies (Amsterdam-EconomicBoard, 2014). Thirdly, there is a tendency of the creative

movie production

sector to overlap with other sectors. This causes a spillphotography

over effect that is very prominent in the subsectors of

Image 4. Who Constitute the Creative Industry?

Graph Source - Author(s) 2017 highest rate Data - Gemeente_Amsterdam andofBureau_Onderzoek_en_Statistiek employment (2012) ‘Monitor Creatieve Industrie MRA 2012 - Eindrapportage’.

creative business arts The creative in the AMA. highestrelevant self-employment servicessector is extremely rate (71%)

digital media and the creative business services, showing potential to influence multiple stakeholders in the region (Amsterdam-Economic-Board, 2014). Fourthly, products of the creative industry have a direct relation to or ability to influence the public. And lastly, the creative industry

In 2011, it added approximately 4.3 billion euro to the has predominantly inherent values of sustainability, media & 1. Romain, A.,Trip, J.J., (2012), People climate - Intangible urban qualities in local economic policy, De 2. MediaLab Amsterdam, Creativeand City -influential Connecting the Creative Scenein in Amsterdam making them(2013), a friendly stakeholder the regionalentertainment economy, which amounts to 5% of the total largest workforce

3. Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, (2009),

Creativeregion Value - Culture and Economy Policy paper, (2009), Den Haag p. 24, p.26 (Olivera et al., 2013). value or bruto regionaal product of the AMA. It accounts

4. Stam, E., De Jong, J.P.J., Marlet, G., (2008), Creative industries in the Netherlands: structure, development, innovativeness and effects on urban growth, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Ge 5. Urlings, N., Braams, N., (2011), Creatieve industrie in Nederland - Creatieve beroepen, Centraal Bu retrieved from https://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/7C94DCC5-B419-4FC4-A73E-332317917B18/0/2011c 6. Sociaal-Economische Raad en Raad voor Cultuur, (2016), Verkenning Arbeidsmarkt Cultuursector, 7. Gemeente Amsterdam, Bureau Onderzoek en Statistiek, (2012), Monitor Creatieve Industrie MRA 2

30

Theoretical Framework

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

3.4

The Creative Industry in a Circular Economy

For the purpose of the project, the creative industry

intervene in the material flows, with the potential to

does high landscape attractiveness draw highly skilled

within a typological construct, can be shown to have a

close, link and create awareness about the material

professionals to region, it also increases the quality of

large-scale regional impact.

flows.

life for the current inhabitants. While attracting highly skilled professionals, there are three important features

needed to be studied with respect to two main objectives. Firstly, the spatial intervention in the material

Metropolitan Landscape Identity

flows and how the creative industry can meet the project goals - of changing public attitudes towards circularity

4.1

What is a Metropolitan Landscape?

and sustainability. Placemaking would play an important

4.3

Compact City – Sustainable Urban Form

to consider in the metropolitan landscape. Firstly, inner -city interactive environments with mixed use

In the urban expansion following the Second World War,

of functions. Secondly, the option of green suburban

Dutch policy makers feared the encroachment of the

environments and thirdly, recreational environments.

natural landscape. Several policies were introduced to

role in this. Secondly, locating the creative industry within

The metropolitan landscape is not limited to rural-

The Dutch Landscape features these qualities, and is a

encourage clustered dispersal. But in the later 1980s,

the region was crucial, so it was important to understand

green areas, but also includes peri-urban, urban areas,

unique meld of built and natural environments. There is

these policies came under heavy criticism, forcing

the spatial factors relevant to mapping the creative class.

heritage zones, water bodies, infrastructure, and

a polarity in the Ranstad, between the Rotterdam-The

planners to adopt a compact city model (Nabielek

brownfields. In the past, the metropolitan landscape

Hague area and the northern Amsterdam – Utrecht

et al., 2013). The compact city has the potential to

has been predominantly about resource production

region for highly skilled professionals, with the former

emulate sustainable urban form, it reduces dependency

and urban expansion. However, in recent times, the

reportedly suffering from a “brain drain” due to heavy

on agricultural land, less expansion, less strain on

Placemaking is the shaping of the public realm to

value of an urban landscape for a regional identity

urbanization of the landscape over the last few decades.

infrastructure, etc. (Burton et al., 2003) Hence, further

maximize shared value (PPS, 2016). This is undertaken

has increased. The development and protection of

(Nefs et al., 2016).

expansion of the city, and the future of the peri-urban

by integrating diverse opinions into a cohesive vision,

metropolitan landscapes is a crucial investment in the

and subsequently translating that vision spatially and

knowledge economy. It could in fact be more favorable

functionally to ensure the sustainable implementation

than increasing infrastructure in the region (Nefs et al.,

of the plan (PPS, 2009). Placemaking is a place-led,

2016).

a. Bridging the Disassociation through Placemaking

region is a key consideration in this project.

4.2

Peri-urban Regional Typology 5.

Conclusion

The Dutch Metropolitan region, is particularly unique,

community-based process through ‘Lighter, Quicker,

due to the prominence of a peri-urban regional

To conclude, the relevance of circular economy and

Cheaper (LQC)’ solutions (Reynolds, 2011). As indicated

Many metropolises have successfully attracted talent

typology. The peri-urban area is the zone immediately

sustainability at a regional metropolitan scale needs to

from above, Placemaking approach can contribute

and capital using a strong landscape identity. Not only

around dense urban areas. It is unique, in the sense

address change in people’s behavior. This would not

greatly to the bottom-up process in AMA region’s

that it offers people options to live outside of the city

only lead to a sustainable lifestyle, but would enhance

way towards circular economy. The comparatively

and simultaneously falls within the sphere of urban

large scale policies by the government. This trend

small scale and LQC solutions in Placemaking projects

influence. However, the peri-urban region is often seen

towards a circular economy, can be enhanced by a

enhance efficiency in both economic and practicing

as subsidiary to cities. And in the Netherlands, more

creative economy. The creative industry has an immense

way for the municipality, make the implementation of

people reside within peri-urban regions than in central

potential to act as a catalyst while linking, closing, and

circular economy continuous and sustainable, stimulate

urban cities. Though it is predominantly neglected in

creating awareness about material flows. For example,

potential of smart and creative solutions from the civil

spatial planning discourse. These peri-urban zones

by using placemaking projects. Spatially, the unique

society and creative workforce and above all have

are of high value to planners, as they can become fully

peri-urban typology is a potential hotbed for research by

influence on people’s lifestyle.

integrated into an urban network or take a more rural

design projects within this framework. Subsequently, the

categorization (Hornis and Van Eck, 2008).

notion circularity can enhance the existing metropolitan landscape identity of the region, contributing to a new

b. Spatial Mapping Exploration of the Creative Industry But largely, the term peri-urban is ambiguous. For To maximize on the efficiency of the creative industry,

the purpose of this paper, we have derived eight sub-

we need to determine favorable spatial characteristics

categorizations within the peri-urban typologies by

of existing creative industries and subsequently factors

reflecting on the spatial nature of the AMA, based on

to determine future clusters. Key elements and their

a paper published by the PBL (or The Netherlands

main characteristics were derived and developed based

Environmental Assessment Agency). The sub-typologies

on the study by Romein, A. and J.J. Trip (Romein and

are natural-scapes, rural, urban fringe edge, commercial/

Trip, 2012). Three key elements with potential spatial

business parks, recreational, large scale suburban

implications were - representation/identity, amenities,

residential development, large mono-functional zones

and physical clusters (creative clusters).

Using these spatial criteria, it is possible to develop a methodology to use the creative industry to spatially

(like the Port of Amsterdam/Schipol Airport) and

Deltametropolis Landscape

Image 5. Dutch Metropolitan Landscape Source - Nefs, M., Geuze, A. and Bos, E. 2016. Blind spot. Deltametropolis Association.

Railways

Forests

Highways

Heterogeneous agricultural areas

Continuous urban fabric

Scrub and herbaceous vegetation

Discontinuous urban fabric

Open spaces, beaches, rocks

Industrial, commercial and transport

Wetlands

Transport infrastructure

Inland waters

Green urban areas

Marine waters

Arable land, permanent crops Pastures

greenhouse zones (Nabielek et al., 2013). By defining these sub-categories, intervening in specific zones

regional identity.

31

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Theoretical Framework

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

6. References Amsterdam-Economic-Board (2014) ‘Clusterstrategie Creatieve Industrie 2014-2020 - Naar een Europese toppositie door demonstreerbaar leidend te zijn in innovatief en creatief vermogen’. Available at: https://www.amsterdameconomicboard.com/publications/clusterstrategie-creatieve-industrie-2014-2020.

Burton, E., Jenks, M. and Williams, K. (2003) The compact city: a sustainable urban form?: Routledge.

Campbell, S. (1996) ‘Green cities, growing cities, just cities?: Urban planning and the contradictions of sustainable development’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(3), pp. 296-312.

Caspers, M. (2013) Chances for creative talent in Parkstad Rotterdam: Urban regeneration in Rotterdam-Zuid based on the development of a vital local creative economic cluster.

Masters Thesis, TU Delft, Delft.

Dillard, J., Dujon, V. and King, M. C. (2008) Understanding the social dimension of sustainability. Routledge.

Florida, R. (2002) ‘The rise of the creative class, and how it is transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life’, New York.

Gemeente-Amsterdam (2012) Towards the Amsterdam Circular Economy. Amsterdam.

Gemeente-Amsterdam (2016) ‘English Summary: The Amsterdam Metropolitan Area’, Plan Amsterdam.

Gemeente_Amsterdam and Bureau_Onderzoek_en_Statistiek (2012) ‘Monitor Creatieve Industrie MRA 2012 - Eindrapportage’.

Hornis, W. and Van Eck, J. R. (2008) ‘A Typology of Peri‐Urban Areas in the Netherlands’, Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 99(5), pp. 619-628.

Landry, C. (2005) ‘Lineages of the creative city’, Creativity and the City, Netherlands Architecture Institute.

MacArthur, E. (2013) ‘Towards the circular economy’, J. Ind. Ecol.

Nabielek, K., Kronberger-Nabielek, P. and Hamers, D. (2013) ‘The rural-urban fringe in the Netherlands: recent developments and future challenges’, Spool, 1(1), pp. 101-120.

Nefs, M., Geuze, A. and Bos, E. 2016. Blind spot. Deltametropolis Association.

Olivera, C., Catalno, E., Ruijter, J., Dijk, M. v., Riphagen, M., Kojima, M., Sanchez, N. and Mallick, S. (2013) Creative City Connecting the Creative Scene in Amsterdam, Amsterdam: mediaLab-Amsterdam.

Projects for public spaces (PPS), (2009). What is Placemaking?

Retrieved from: https://www.pps.org/reference/what_is_ placemaking/ Projects for public spaces (PPS), (2016). PLACEMAKING - What if we built our cities around places? Retrieved from: http://www.pps.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/

Oct-2016-placemaking-booklet.pdf Reynolds, E. (2011) ‘Interwhile uses’, Journal of Urban Regeneration & Renewal, 4(4), pp. 371-380.

Romein, A. and Trip, J. J. (2012) Key elements of creative city development: An assessment of local policies in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos of Madrid.

Van Bueren, E. 2017. 4413UEINFY - Sustainable Urban Environments and Infrastructures - Lecture on Urban Systems and Governance Delft: TU Delft - Industrial Ecology.

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

35

APPROACH Scope Methodology

01

02

03

06

05

04

36

Chapter Title

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

37

Scope

material flows and the

creative industry?

Circular Economy for a Metropolitan Region

G-Star Raw is a creative jeans brand based in Amsterdam,

This RAW Responsibility section outlines how their approach

founded since 1989. For them, perfecting their product goes

is put into practice within G-Star. It is embodied in the four

further than only look and continues in the consideration

pillars;

given to its social and environmental effects. This enables the company to evolve over time and maintain their position as a

- Responsible Supply Chain

forward looking company.

- Sustainable Product - Sustainable Operations

Doing research, we found that many material flows have

- Community Involvement

a continental and global relation and impact.

G-Star Raw is a good example how the sustainability concept

But when we look at the meaning of circular economy for

of a company can function as global pipeline reaching out in

a metropolis, it also becomes evident seeing the flows

a worldwide way. The global impact is basically conducted

at the actual use and consumption part of the (lineair)

in

processes.

aspects. One is through community programs in their

manufacture countries such as India, China and Vietnam.

Another one is using only orgaic cotton for production. As

As we believe that the people and their lifestyles are

reflected from their strategy consultant Textile Exchange, this

crucial towards the transition to a more sustainable

principle is very well conducted currently.

economy, we decided to take a scope focusing on scales

Because most material flows have a global impact, we decided to consider, that for a metropolitan region, circular economy at a local or a household level, as the most relevant at this regional scale.

that could impact people and their lifestyles.

In the end, they are a huge consuming mass, so making a substantial change here would make huge differences for this transition to actually happen through all scales.

Thereby, we hope to improve the efficiency of the attempts concerning large projects, undertaken by the municipal body towards a circular economy.

Images - Community Programs Map (Worldwide) Material example: Organic cotton map (Worldwide) Sources https://www.g-star.com/nl_nl/about-us/ responsibilty/raw-responsibility http://www.gsrdfoundation.com/ http://textileexchange.org/publications/

38

Chapter Title

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

39

methodology

Analysis Analysis Synthesis Synthesis

Material Material Flows Flows

The AMA The AMA Regional Regional SpatialSpatial Analysis Analysis

The The Squares Squares

Local Local Interventions Interventions

Material Material Flows Flows

A Strategy A Strategy Plan for Plan for the AMA the AMA

Creative Creative Industry Industry Potential Potential ImpactImpact on on Interests Interests Urban Urban Lifestyle of Localof Local Lifestyle Stakeholders Stakeholders

SpatialSpatial Mapping Mapping of of Creative Creative Industries Industries

2

1. First Impressions of the AMA

2. Regional Mapping

3. Synthesis

To provide a regional strategy of the AMA, we had to

To intervene in the site, we had to undertake three types

The resultant synthesis provided us with points of

design modules and tactics created for the initial project

analyse the region first. To begin with, our first impression

of detailed analysis.

interventions to propose design projects. Each zone we

squares can be subsequently replicated throughout the

termed as a square.

region based on the relevant typology.

4. Local Interventions at the Squares

With the resultant network of squares, we would have

of the region was through a class excusion, where we had the opportunity to see key features of the region,

Firstly, as we were addressing circular economy, we had

and meet a few relevant stake holders.

to be study the material flows of the region, understand the relevant stakeholders, the specific requirements,

Based on a preliminary analysis, we identified problem

and the closed or open nature of these material flows.

Each square would feature a local intervention. These

values represented in the local interventions. These

squares would be analysed to understand specific local

interventions would subsequently result in a more

Secondly, to develop a spatial strategy, we firstly needed

conditions - like the most prominent material flows,

sustainable way of living in the AMA region.

to understand the spatial structure of the AMA. We

influential actors at a local scale, the actors representing

undertook this study by developing a typology analysis

the creative industry and lastly, the most impact on the

of the region.

people’s lifestyles. Based on this analysis we would

statements, opportunites and strengths to create goals and objectives for our project.

a regional strategy, that represented the core design

propose projects that specifically address these factors Thirdly, as our objective featured the creative industry,

at the local scale.

we had to identify spatial factors that were relevant to

1

the physical placement of the creative industry.

5. Regional Strategy

These studies and analyses were done on the basis of

Each square is chosen based on the regional typologies,

theoretical framework addressed in Chapter 2.

identified in the spatial analysis of the region. The

Image 1. First Impressions - Excursion in the AMA Source - Photograph by Author(s) 2017 Image 2. Diagram of Project Methodology Source - Author(s) 2017

40

Chapter Title

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

ANALYSIS

41

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

process production

Via restaurant and retails Consumed by people

before inceneration, so that as much raw aterial as possible can be used -dwellers help to sort their waste Maximize the value of waste

Mapping regional flows of Materials

Residual waste to be incenerated for clean energy Packaging waste CO2 emission

outlets

potentials

Residents produce food at home or in surrounding area Recover nutrients in the waste Regional sesonal production

Electricity

Food

Food

Package

Nuon

consumption

Nuon for energy WZI for cleaned water CDW for renovation

Food

Import or plant, packaging, transportation and distribution

Builky waste

aterial, sorting, maximize value

Plastic, carton

ernet, RWZI, AEB, Nuon

Other waste

Local food, waste recover, packaging

AEB

keywords

Waste

Residual waste

part of Cities the Magazine Project) material bank BAMB

Phosphate

Ahold, Gerkens Cacao, Nestlé, ADM Cocoa, Heineken, Quality Bakers, Cargill, Kerry, Bio Science, United Biscuits, Duyvis, Incotec and McCain Foods University of Amsterdam, VU University and Wageningen UR Seed valley, Foodlogica (part of Cities the Magazine Project)

stakeholders

Import

CE

waste, energy, water through logistics waste, water, phosphate through production

cycle intersections how does cycle affect daily life

ste is used in infrastructure construction t on soil and subsurface if we don’t do it

mostly through consumption process of production and waste is not visible for most people Unless through urban farming or tourism

RWZI

Surface: potential of agricultural landscape view influence infrastructure through logistics Subsurface: soil quality and underground water

impact on landscape

ype of aimed material of recycle and reuse educational instructions from institutes, plastic (a frequently mentioned kind)

XS/S: urban faming S/M: aggloment farming in suburban M/L: agriculturaltourism less requirement of logistics on smaller scale

adjustability to small scale flows

placemaking potential? physical material? smell?

tial on construction and demolitiion material is

relation with creative industries/class?

six material flows relevant to the metropolitan region,

the cycles along with relevant actors and subsequently

as identified by the municipal consortium. These were

mapped them on the AMA region. We concluded that

namely - waste, food, phosphate, water, electricity

most flows were relevant to the peri-urban typology.

Water

flexible but need cooperation in architectural design, policy and multiple stakeholders Material can be low-cost, sometimes smells

Consume

Waste

Food

Phosphate

Local

medium close. landscape designers, foodd, industrial design, hospitality

Phosphate

Water

Electricity

Heat

B AE

still taken by AEB, RWZI and Nuon, ustrial design, fine art, food

and heat. We primarily studied the different parts of

at He

Water

needed technology, sometimes less flexible exchange of (wasted) materials ell separated before, less smell

Export

To study the material flows in the region, we mapped

Water

Water

nd recycle, but not very aware of the consequence

Food

mostly get in touch with food through consumption thus not aware of the impact of food industry in logistics, waste and im/export precess

knowledge gap

ergy, food, phosphate, electricity

Logistics

Waste

‘openness’ of circle

owledge of househould recycle, but no idea of ste such as construction and demollition waste, track the recycle and reuse by material

direct or less direct? could be spatial?

Yes. Zaanstad as food logistics center, Aalsmere and Almere as new production center with wageningen, HvA... as strong research support

uniqueness for AMA

pplication on medium/smaller scale decentralizaiton is urgent.

Not extremely urgent, but lots of knowledge institutes are working on it in a long term

urgency?

Phosphate

Water

heat

waste

food

electricity

water heat

phosphate waste

food

unpurified water

electricity

water

phosphate

drinking water

process production

bulky waste, Plastic waste and beverage carton, resicual waste small toxic waste, textile,paper and cardboard, glass, electrical devices, asbestos, construction and demolition waste, wood, garden waste Collected through points, sent to AEB or other partners Inceneration into energy Few raw material is reused in the process

residual heat waste to energy - incineration by AEB and Nuon imported gas and biogas

Nuon for energy RWZI for cleaned water CDW for renovation

outlets

potentials

improve energy efficiency of buildings, agreements being struck with housing corporations to improve their housing stock - create zero energy houses increase houses connected to district heating

Pre-separation before inceneration, so that as much raw material as possible can be used City-dwellers help to sort their waste Maximize the value of waste

Raw material, sorting, maximize value

keywords

Waternet, RWZI, AEB, Nuon

32 Partners involved - amsterdam economiic board

stakeholders

Wastedlab (part of Cities the Magazine Project) material bank BAMB

‘openness’ of circle

Partially Closed - system efficiency will increase with better waste segregation by people, reduce dependency on finite natural gas resources

knowledge gap

big gap; process flows and urgencies invisible create Awareness amonst people for waste segregation

CE

Energy source (residual) from river power water stations in the outskirts Fossilwater Fuel -out Natural GasBoard - Cleanest fuel on earth of Water Dunesfossil (n) Zandvoort Slochteren Gas from fieldsBethune - depletePolder by 2030 - small amounts seepage water (Vecht lakeland area) import from Russia, Iran

Electricity from fossil fuels - imported inputs Electricity produced by AEB and other private companies

process production

Import or plant, packaging, transportation and distribution

Via restaurant and retails Consumed by people

68kJ/Capita 60000 Houses connected to district Heating heat lost in transfer from consumer to producer

consumption

Imported food from the world through ports Local food production according to the livestock map

purification processes the colour and taste improvement residual heat decalcification waste to energy - incineration by AEB and Nuon imported gas and biogas storage in reservoirs

distribution (pumps + main system) to consumer 68kJ/Capita

16350 TJconsumption of electricity consumed annually High consumption by data grid

Residual waste to be incenerated for clean energy Packaging waste CO2 emission

Residents produce food at home or in surrounding area Recover nutrients in the waste Regional sesonal production

central sewage treatment plant (RWZI) decontaminated water North Sea Canal

Smart grids potentials to immprove efficiency of usage Increase dependency on wind farms in the region and make it easy for homeowners and building owners to adopt solar energy, proposal to increase from 9MW to 160MW in 2020 (950000 sqm of solar panels)

Local food, waste recover, packaging

CE

medium gap: in general, people have heard about relevance of green big gap; process flows and urgencies invisible medium gap; relatively familiar with the importance of water energy. Questionable is whether they know about the urgence and knowledge gap create Awareness amonst people for waste segregation ending resources. Also not very aware of where their energy comes from; and possibly about appropriate use. probably less about its processes presumption of the Dutch about green energy is very incorrect.

impact on landscape

adjustability to small scale flows

adjustability to small scale flows

placemaking potential? physical material? smell?

placemaking potential? physical material? smell?

relation with creative industries/class?

relation with creative industries/class?

direct or less direct? could be spatial?

16350 TJ of electricity consumed annually High consumption by data grid

river bethunepolder

Residents produce food at home or in surrounding area Recover nutrients in the waste Regional sesonal production

pumpstations

Open - high dependency on fossil fuels

nitrogen

sludge + biogas

RWZI

phosphate

via retail trade people as consumers (of food or another product)

and nitrogen

sludge and biogas to AEB for incineration heat + electricity

20%

accumulates in agricultural soil (largely ends up at ocean floor)

partly recovery (struvite) at sewage treatment plant & reused in chemical fertilizer industry; Green Deal Phosphate Recycling Chain Agreement (2011) 20 parties; potential alternative local sources of phosphate in the Westpoort zone

high quality water; low price; efficient main system;

very scarce; geo-political risks; surplus in NL; environmental effects (algae); downward trend of accumulation in farmland

water loss by behaviour Waternet, AEB, Port of A’dam, Farms (agri industry)

Food industry, Fertilizer industry, (ICL Fertilizers, Cargill), Wageningen university, heat Association of Regional Water Authorities

Partially closed

Mostly open - high losses

wastewater

large gap: knowing about phosphate is not common

waste; heat; (electricity; phosphate)

everywhere: shower, cooking, drinking, food, toilet, cleaning

everywhere: shower, cooking, drinking, food, toilet, cleaning

Pumps, prepurification stations, small impact on landscape. distribution: subsoil. RWZI’s, AEB: larger plant = impact on landscape. in daily means: invisible till it comes out the tap: after it draines, invisible again

Pumps, prepurification stations, small impact on landscape. distribution: subsoil. RWZI’s, AEB: larger plant = impact on landscape. in daily means: invisible till it comes out the tap: after it draines, invisible again

doable. but, when out of the main system, has to be constructed a complete local system, house to street scale

industrial and consumer waste via the sewers and incineration

collecting/use of rainwater; (now drains to closest surface water and in centre mixed withdistribution wastewater); collaboration systemRWZI +AEB; thermal energy recovery; innovations needed to recover more base materials from wastewater

medium gap: in general, people have heard about relevance of green medium gap; relatively familiar with the importance of water energy. Questionable is whether they know about the urgence and ending resources. Also not very aware of where their energy comes from; and possibly about appropriate use. probably less about its processes presumption of the Dutch about green energy is very incorrect.

recovery

food; waste; water

food-processing and agricultural industries.

80%

Waternet, Dunea, Oasen, PWN RWZI’ s, AEB

Mostly open - high losses

waste; heat; (electricity; phosphate)

North Sea Canal

decontaminated water

AEB

organically fixed form

distributed within agricultural sector

wastewater both black grey

water phosphate purificationdecontaminatedreservoirs

Smart grids to immprove efficiency of usage Increase dependency on wind farms in the region and make it easy for homeowners and building owners to adopt solar energy, proposal to increase from 9MW to 160MW in 2020 (950000 sqm of solar panels)

Ahold, Gerkens Cacao, Nestlé, ADM Cocoa, Heineken, Quality Bakers, Cargill, Kerry, Bio Science, United Biscuits, Duyvis, Incotec and McCain Foods University of Amsterdam, VU University and Wageningen UR Seed valley, Foodlogica (part of Cities the Magazine Project)

large gap: knowing about phosphate is not common

distribution (pumps + main system) to consumer

central sewage treatment plant (RWZI)

Local food, waste recover, packaging

Waternet, AEB, Nuon(agri industry) Waternet,heat AEB, Port RWZI, of A’dam, Farms Food industry, Fertilizer industry, (ICL Fertilizers, Cargill), Wastedlab (part of Cities the MagazineWater Project) Wageningen university, Association of Regional Authorities material bank BAMB

fertilizer manufacturers incorporate it into chemical manure

storage in reservoirs

Via restaurant and retails Consumed by people

very scarce; geo-political risks; surplus in NL; Raw material, sorting, maximize value environmental effects (algae); downward trend of accumulation in farmland

import P2O5 China, Israel, the Western Sahara, South Africa import of biomass (animal feed and food for human consumption)

purification processes the colour and taste improvement decalcification

Residual waste to be incenerated for clean energy Packaging waste CO2 emission

dunes

river water water out of Water Board Dunes (n) Zandvoort seepage water from Bethune Polder (Vecht lakeland area)

food; waste; water

doable. but, when out of the main system, has to be constructed a complete local system, house to street scale

very suitable (wastewater may have larger implications though)

very suitable (wastewater may have larger implications though)

hospitality, food industries, landscape designers, industrial design

hospitality, food industries, landscape designers, industrial design

direct or less direct? could be spatial?

uniqueness for AMA

Electricity

urgency?

very high, since the Dutch main gas resource is running out

yes; water is a typical asset in landscape and technology for NL in general also the drinking water system is very efficient, concerns high quality water, low price direct risks is running out very high, since medium the Dutchhigh; mainnogas resource

yes; water is a typical asset in landscape and technology for NL in general also the drinking water system is very efficient, concerns high quality water, low price

Heat

medium high; no direct risks

heat

electricity

y from fossil fuels - imported d by AEB and other private companies

WASTE

Better systems and methods to separate waste at an individual scale inputs

Energy source (residual) from power stations in the outskirts Fossil Fuel - Natural Gas - Cleanest fossil fuel on earth Slochteren Gas fields - deplete by 2030 - small amounts import from Russia, Iran

process production

Food

AEB

f electricity consumed annually consumption by data grid - residual heat that can be reused

residual heat

dependency on fossil fuels

40%

people have heard about relevance of green s whether they know about the urgency and wareness about energy sources is limited

district heating grid, sorting, maximize value

32 Partners involved - amsterdam economiic board

Partially Closed - system efficiency will increase with better waste segregation by people, reduce dependency on finite natural gas resources

‘openness’ of circle

cycle intersections

loss of electricity in transfer

ape in the region for wind and solar farms

Port

Imported Fossil Fuels

how does cycle affect daily life

the incineration of waste to produce energy has eliminated landfills in the region, potential to revitalize old landfills

adjustability to small scale flows

small scale interventions linked to waste flow - improving systems and methods for waste separation

with as a zero waste and mazimised wable energy region

placemaking potential? physical material? smell? relation with creative industries/class?

direct or less direct? could be spatial?

urgency?

Elect.

power grid and factories - using residual heat for heating houses

HEAT

waste, electricity, water

impact on landscape

Individual sustainable lifestyle uniqueness for AMA to reduce wastage of electricity

40%

Solar farms separation of wastesurface can improve the effeciency 950,000 sqm of of the waste to energy processes, separation of organic material is also critical extra solar farms

ape interventions has high potential for placemaking

Increased awareness about the limit fossil fuels - urgency as the national gas fields at Slochteren will be depleted by 2030

Fossil Fuels - dependency on natural gas fields

big gap; process flows and urgencies invisible create Awareness amonst people for waste segregation

knowledge gap

more conscious about switching off when not in use, consciousness about the onsume, reduced electricity bills

Biomass as a potential source of energy

improve energy efficiency of buildings, agreements being struck with housing corporations to improve their housing stock - create zero energy houses increase houses connected to district heating

keywords

aste, heat, water

Food AEB

68kJ/Capita 60000 Houses connected to district Heating

power gridstakeholders

Elect.

Better systems and methods to separate waste at an individual scale

heat lost in transfer from producer to consumer Biomass as a potential and at level used by the people source of energy

potentials

Fossil Fuels - dependency on natural gas fields

WASTE

waste to energy - incineration by AEB and Nuon imported gas and biogas

consumption outlets

mmprove efficiency of usage ency on wind farms in the region homeowners and building owners to osal to increase from 9MW to 160MW sqm of solar panels), biomass

gas fossil fuel resources expected to be depleted by 2030

partly recovery (struvite) at sewage treatment Pre-separation before inceneration, so that asplant much raw & reused in chemical fertilizer material as possible canindustry; be used Green Deal Phosphate Recycling Chain Agreement City-dwellers help to sort their waste (2011) 20 parties;Maximize potential the alternative sources of value oflocal waste phosphate in the Westpoort zone

electricity

impact on landscape

nd farms have the potential to become region - contribute to identity of place

via retail trade people as consumers (of food or another product)

Electricity from fossil fuels - imported Electricity produced by AEB and other private companies

Import or plant, packaging, transportation and distribution

accumulates in Nuon for energy industrial and consumer agricultural soil waste via the sewers RWZI for cleaned water (largely ends up at ocean floor) CDW for renovation and incineration

Partially Closed - system efficiency will increase with better waste Partially closed segregation by people, reduce dependency on finite natural gas resources

how does cycle affect daily life

ual house rooftops for solar energy

sludge and biogas to AEB for incineration heat + electricity

food-processing and agricultural industries.

20%

Waternet, Dunea, Oasen, PWN economiic board 32 Partners involved - amsterdam RWZI’ s, AEB

stakeholders Open - high dependency on fossil ‘openness’ of fuels circle

cycle intersections

d farms, solar farms

80%

high quality water; low price; efficient main system;

keywords

how does cycle affect daily life

urgency?

distributed within agricultural sector

improve energy efficiency of buildings, being surface struck with collecting/use of rainwater; (now agreements drains to closest housing corporations improve their housing stock - create zeroRWZI energy water and in centretomixed with wastewater); collaboration houses +AEB; thermal energy recovery; innovations needed to recover increase houses connected to wastewater district heating more base materials from

cycle intersections

uniqueness for AMA

phosphate and nitrogen

Imported food from the world through ports Local food production according to the livestock map

fertilizer manufacturers organically Collected through points, fixed form incorporate it into chemical sent to AEB or other partners manure Inceneration into energy Few raw material is reused in the process

60000 Houses connected district Heating wastewater both blacktogrey heat lost in transfer from consumer to producer

outlets

Ahold, Gerkens Cacao, Nestlé, ADM Cocoa, Heineken, Quality Bakers, Cargill, Kerry, Bio Science, United Biscuits, Duyvis, Incotec and McCain Foods University of Amsterdam, VU University and Wageningen UR Seed valley, Foodlogica (part of Cities the Magazine Project)

wastewater

bulky beverageSahara, carton, South resicual waste importwaste, P2O5 Plastic China, waste Israel,and the Western Africa small toxic waste, textile,paper and cardboard, glass, electrical importasbestos, of biomass (animal feed food forwaste, humanwood, consumption) devices, construction andand demolition garden waste

al resourc natur es

Energy source (residual) from power stations in the outskirts Fossil Fuel - Natural Gas - Cleanest fossil fuel on earth Slochteren Gas fields - deplete by 2030 - small amounts import from Russia, Iran

inputs

loss of heat

Port

Imported Fossil Fuels

loss of heat - energy ineffecient houses

loss of heat - energy ineffecient houses

rebranding the AMA with as a zero waste and mazimised renewable energy region creation of art projects to inform people about the impact of waste separation and the critical situation of finite fossil fuel availability creation of a recyclable material website for designers to use in smal scale projects, retrofitting of buildings to reduce loss of heat/energy

offshore wind farms at a national level AEB facility - has the potential to become a landmark for the region first full integration of a

wind farms in the AMA very high, natural gas fossil fuel resources expected to be depleted by 2030

43

material flow analysis

Electricity

Imported food from the world through ports Local food production according to the livestock map

inputs

Waste

Water

waste and beverage carton, resicual waste extile,paper and cardboard, glass, electrical uction and demolition waste, wood, garden waste

Collected through points, nt to AEB or other partners Inceneration into energy material is reused in the process

Analysis

food

Heat

42

district heating NOW

district heating FUTURE

60,000 houses connected to a district heating grid

200,000 houses connected to a district heating grid

44

Analysis

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

heat

heat

heat heat

waste

waste

wastewaste

food

food

food food

electricity

electricity

electricity electricity

water

water

water water

phosphate

45

phosphate

phosphate phosphate

Energy source (residual) from power Energy stations source in the (residual) outskirts from power stations in the outskirts Energy source (residual) from power stations in the outskirts

Imported food from the world Imported portsfood from thefood world through portsthrough Imported from the world ports bulky waste, Plastic waste and beverage bulky waste, carton, Plastic resicual waste waste and beverage carton, resicual waste bulky waste, Plastic waste and beverage carton, resicual wastethrough Electricity from fossil fuels - imported Electricity from fossil fuels imported Electricity from- fossil fuels - imported river water river water import river water P2O5 China, Israel, the Western import Sahara, P2O5import China, South P2O5 Israel, Africa China, the Western Israel, the Sahara, Western South Sahara, Africa South Africa inputs inputs Fossil Fuel - Natural Gas - Cleanest Fossil fossil Fuel fuel- Fossil Natural on earth Gas - - Natural - Cleanest fossil fuelwaste, onfossil earth - on earth Fuel Gas - Cleanest fuel - cardboard, Local production according toLocal the livestock food production mapfoodaccording toElectricity the livestock maplivestock Local production according to the small toxic textile,paper and small toxic waste, glass, textile,paper electrical and cardboard, glass, electrical small toxic waste, textile,paper andfood cardboard, glass, electrical produced

by AEBmap and other Electricity private produced companies byproduced AEB and by other private companies Electricity AEB andout other privateBoard companies water of Water Dunes (n) water Zandvoort out of Water water out Board of Water DunesBoard (n) Zandvoort Dunes (n) Zandvoort

import of biomass (animal feed and import foodoffor biomass human import (animal consumption) of biomass feed(animal and foodfeed for and human foodconsumption) for human consumption) seepage water from Bethune Polder seepage (Vechtwater lakeland seepage fromarea) Bethune water from Polder Bethune (VechtPolder lakeland (Vecht area) lakeland area)

Slochteren Gas fields - deplete bySlochteren 2030 - small Gas amounts fields - deplete by 2030 - small amounts Slochteren Gas devices, fields - deplete by 2030 - small amounts asbestos, construction and devices, demolition asbestos, waste, construction wood, garden andwaste demolition wood,waste, gardenwood, wastegarden waste devices, asbestos, construction andwaste, demolition import from Russia, Iran import from Russia, Iran Russia, Iran import from

processprocess production production

Collected through points, Collected through points, Collected through points,Import or plant, other partners sent to AEB or other partners packaging, residual heatresidual heatsent to AEB or other partners sent to AEB or Inceneration into energy IncenerationInceneration into energy into energytransportation and waste to energy - incineration by AEB wasteand to energy Nuon - incineration AEBFew andraw Nuon waste to energy - by incineration by AEB andisNuon distribution material reused in theFew process raw material is reused in the process Few raw material is reused in the process imported gas and biogas imported gasimported and biogas gas and biogas residual heat

68kJ/Capita

68kJ/Capita 68kJ/Capita

consumption consumption 60000 Houses connected to district 60000 Heating Houses connected district Heating 60000 Housestoconnected to district Heating outlets outlets

Nuon for energy heat lost in transfer from producerheat to consumer lost in transfer producer to consumer heat lostfrom in transfer from producer to consumer RWZI for cleaned water and at level used by the people and at level used the people and atbylevel used by the people CDW for renovation

Via restaurant and retails Consumed by people

Import or plant, Import or plant, packaging, packaging, transportationtransportation and and distribution distribution

purification processes purification processes purification fertilizerprocesses manufacturers improvement the colour and taste improvementthe colour and thetaste colour and taste itimprovement incorporate into chemical decalcification decalcification decalcification manure storage in reservoirs

storage in reservoirs storage in reservoirs distributed within agricultural sector

organically fixed fertilizer formmanufacturers organically fertilizer manufacturers organically fixed form fixed form it into chemical incorporate itincorporate into chemical manure manure food-processing distributed and within food-processing food-processing and distributed within and agricultural industries. agricultural sector agricultural industries. agricultural industries. agricultural sector

80% 80% 80% Via restaurant retails and retails Viaand restaurant distribution (pumps + main system) to consumer distribution (pumps + main system) to consumer distribution (pumps + main system) to consumer via retail trade via retail trade via retail trade Consumed by people by16350 Consumed peopleTJ of electricity consumed 16350 annually TJ of 16350 electricity consumed TJ of electricityannually consumed annually people as consumers (of food or another product) people as(of consumers (of foodproduct) or another product) people as consumers food or another High consumption by data grid High consumption by data grid by wastewater wastewater both black grey High consumption data grid both black grey wastewater both black grey

20% plant 20% accumulates central sewage treatment (RWZI)plant central sewage treatment plant (RWZI) central sewage treatment accumulates in (RWZI) 20% industrial in industrial andindustrial accumulates in Nuon for energy Nuon forResidual energy waste to be inceneratedResidual and consumer consumer and consumer for cleanwaste energy to be incenerated clean energy Residual waste to be for incenerated for energy electricity gridclean - residual heat thatelectricity can be reused gridelectricity - residualgrid heat that canheat be reused - residual that can be reused agricultural soil agricultural soil agricultural RWZI for cleaned RWZIwater for cleaned water Packaging waste waste via thesoil sewers waste via thewaste sewers via the sewers Packaging waste Packaging waste decontaminated water phosphate sludge and biogas decontaminated water phosphate sludge decontaminated and biogas water(largely phosphate sludge and(largely biogas ends(largely ends up at ocean floor) ends up at ocean floor) up at ocean floor) CDW for renovation CDW for renovation and incineration and incineration and incineration CO2 emission CO2 emission CO2 emission North to Sea Canal nitrogenandtonitrogen AEB for incineration North Sea Canal and nitrogen AEB North for incineration Sea and Canal to AEB for incineration heat + electricity heat + electricity heat + electricity

partly recovery (struvite) sewage partly treatment recovery partly plant (struvite) recovery at sewage (struvite)treatment at sewage plant treatment plant improve energy efficiency of buildings, improve agreements energy being efficiency struck ofwith buildings, being struck with improve energy efficiencyagreements of buildings, agreements being struck with Pre-separation before inceneration, Pre-separation so that asPre-separation much before rawinceneration, so that asproduce much raw beforeResidents inceneration, so that as at much rawResidents immprove efficiency of usage grids to immprove of efficiency usage of rainwater; food home or in surrounding produce area foodproduce at homefood or inatSmart surrounding area Residents homegrids or intosurrounding area Smart Smart grids toefficiency immprove of usage (now drains potentials potentials collecting/use of surface rainwater;of(now drains to closest surface collecting/use to closest collecting/use rainwater; (now drains to closestatsurface housing corporations to improve theirhousing housingcorporations stock - create tocorporations improve their housing stock -material createstock housing to improve their housing - create can be used material as possible as possible be used can materialcan as possible be used Recover nutrients in the waste zero energy houses zero energy houses zero energy houses City-dwellers help to sort their waste City-dwellersCity-dwellers help to sort their helpwaste to sortRegional their waste sesonal production increase houses connected to districtincrease heatinghouses connected to connected district heating increase houses to district heatingthe value of waste Maximize Maximize theMaximize value of waste the value of waste

& reused in chemical industry; & reused incollaboration chemical fertilizer & reusedfertilizer in chemical fertilizer industry; Increase Increase in thedependency region on windwater farms inwind the region Recover nutrients in the waste independency Recover nutrients the waste on wind farms Increase dependency onand farms in the region in centre mixed with wastewater); water and incollaboration water centreand mixed inRWZI centre with wastewater); mixed with wastewater); collaboration RWZI RWZIindustry; Green Phosphate Chain Agreement Green needed Deal Phosphate Recycling Chain Deal Agreement Green DealRecycling Phosphate Recycling Chain Agreement and sesonal make it easy for homeownersand andmake building it easy owners for homeowners toit easy for homeowners and building owners to recovery; Regional sesonal production Regional production and make and building owners innovations to +AEB; thermal energy recovery; innovations to recover +AEB; thermal energy needed +AEB; thermal to recover energy recovery; innovations needed to recover (2011)local 20 parties; alternative sourceslocal of sources of (2011) 20from parties; potential alternative sources (2011)potential of 20 parties; potentiallocal alternative adopt solar energy, proposal to increase adopt solar fromenergy, 9MW solar toproposal 160MW to increase 9MW tofrom 160MW adopt energy, proposalfrom to increase 9MW to 160MW more base materials from wastewater more base materials more base from materials wastewater wastewater the Westpoort phosphate in the Westpoort zonephosphate inphosphate in thezone Westpoort zone in 2020 (950000 sqm of solar panels), in 2020 biomass (950000 sqm(950000 of solar sqm panels), biomass in 2020 of solar panels), biomass

Local food, waste recover, packaging Local food, waste packaging Local recover, food, waste recover, packaging high quality water; low price; efficient highmain quality system; water; high quality low price; water; efficient low price; very main scarce; efficient system; geo-political main system; risks; surplus very scarce; in NL; very geo-political scarce; geo-political risks; surplusrisks; in NL;surplus in NL; fossil fuels, wind farms, solar farms fossil fuels, wind district heating grid, sorting, maximize districtvalue heating grid,heating sorting,grid, maximize Raw value material, Raw material,Raw sorting, maximize value district sorting, maximizesorting, value maximize value material, sorting, maximize value fossilfarms, fuels, solar wind farms farms, solar farms environmental effects (algae); downward environmental trendenvironmental ofeffects (algae); effects downward (algae);trend downward of trend of accumulation in farmland accumulationaccumulation in farmland in farmland

keywords keywords

Ahold, Gerkens Ahold, Gerkens Cacao, Nestlé, ADMNestlé, Cocoa,ADM Heineken, Cocoa, Heineken, Quality Ahold, Gerkens Cacao, Cocoa,Quality Heineken, Quality Waternet, RWZI, AEB, Nuon Waternet, RWZI, AEB, Nuon Waternet, RWZI, AEB,Cacao, Nuon Nestlé, ADM Waternet, Dunea, Oasen, PWN Waternet, Dunea, Waternet, Oasen, Dunea, PWN Waternet, Oasen,AEB, PWNPort of A’dam, Farms Waternet, (agri industry) AEB, Waternet, Port ofAEB, A’dam, Port Farms of A’dam, (agri industry) Farms (agri industry) Bakers, Kerry, Bio Science, United Biscuits, Duyvis, Bakers, Cargill, Kerry, Bio Science, UnitedCargill, Biscuits, Duyvis, Bakers, Cargill, Kerry, Bio Science, United Biscuits, Duyvis, economiic Fertilizers, Foods,industry, FoodFertilizers, industry, Food Fertilizer Cargill), industry, industry, Fertilizer (ICLindustry, (ICLCargill), Fertilizers, Cargill), 32 Partners involved amsterdam economiic 32 Partners board involved amsterdam economiic board 32 Partners involved - amsterdam 32 Partners board involved - amsterdam board 32 Partners involved amsterdam economiic board 32 Partners involved economiic - amsterdam economiic boards, AEB RWZI’ s, AEBRWZI’ RWZI’ AEB Fertilizer industry, (ICL stakeholders stakeholders Wastedlab (part of Cities the Magazine Wastedlab Project) (part of Cities(part the of Magazine Project) Wastedlab Cities the Magazine Project) Incotec and McCain Foods Incotec and McCain Foods Incotec and McCain Foods Wageningen university, Association Regional Water Authorities Wageningen university, Association of Regional Wageningen Water Authorities university, of Association of Regional Water Authorities material bank BAMB material bankmaterial BAMB bank BAMB University Amsterdam, VU UniversityVUand Wageningen UR University of Amsterdam, VU University andofWageningen University ofUR Amsterdam, University and Wageningen UR Seedthe valley, Foodlogica (part of Cities(part the of Magazine Project) Seed valley, Foodlogica (part of Cities Magazine Project) Seed valley, Foodlogica Cities the Magazine Project) Partially Closed - system efficiency will Partially increase Closed with -better system waste efficiency will efficiency increase with better waste Partially Closed - system will increase with better waste Open - high dependency on fossil fuels Open - high dependency fossil fuelson fossil fuels Partially closed Partially closed Mostly open - high losses Mostly open -Mostly high losses Open - highon dependency Partially closed open - high losses le‘openness’ ‘openness’ of circlebyofpeople, circle segregation reduce dependency segregation on finite bysegregation people, naturalreduce gas dependency finite natural by people, reduceon dependency ongas finite natural gas resources resources resources

CE

medium gap: in general, people havemedium heard about gap: medium inrelevance general, people of in green have heard of green gap: general, peopleabout haverelevance heard about relevance of green mostlywith getfood in touch with consumption food through consumption get touch through consumption get in touch through People have basic househould recycle, no idea of mostly People haveand basic knowledge of househould People have recycle, basic but knowledge no idea ofofknowledge househouldofmostly recycle, butinno ideawith ofbutfood big gap; process flows and urgenciesbiginvisible gap; process flowsprocess and urgencies invisible big gap; flows urgencies invisible

medium relatively familiar with and the medium importance gap; medium relatively of watergap; familiar with the importance large gap: water about is notgap: common knowing aboutknowing phosphate is not commonis not common relatively familiar with theofknowing importance of phosphate water large large gap: about phosphate Questionable is whether know about Questionable the urgency is whether and they know about the urgency energy.

Questionable is whether theygap; know aboutand the urgency notimpact aware ofenergy. the impact of in food industry in theyenergy. not aware of the food industry thusdemollition not aware ofdemollition the impactwaste, of foodthus industry in thus other lager such asand construction and other lager amount wasteamount such aswaste construction waste, otheramonst lager amount waste such as construction and demollition waste, knowledge knowledge gap gap amonst people forcreate create Awareness wasteAwareness segregation people for waste segregation createamonst Awareness people for waste segregation andenergy possibly about appropriate and probably possibly lessabout about appropriate its processes probablyuse. less probably about its less processes and possibly aboutuse. appropriate about its processes resources.

Awareness aboutending energyresources. sources isAwareness limited sources is limited ending resources.about Awareness about energy sourcesuse. is limited logistics, wasteending and im/export precess logistics, waste and im/export precess waste and im/export precess nothe wayrecycle to track thereuse recycle and reuse by material toand track and bylogistics, material and no way to track the recycle and and reusenobyway material

waste, electricity, water s cycle intersections cycle intersections

through logistics waste, energy, water through logistics waste, energy,waste, waterenergy, throughwater logistics food,electricity phosphate, electricity water, energy, food, phosphate, electricity water, energy,water, food, energy, phosphate, waste, electricity, water waste, heat, water waste, electricity, water water, phosphate through production waste, water, phosphate through production waste, water, waste, phosphate through production

waste, heat, water waste, heat, water waste; heat; (electricity; phosphate) waste; heat; (electricity; phosphate) food; waste; water waste; heat; (electricity; phosphate)

peopleconsumption need to be more conscious about peopleswitching need to off be more conscious about switching off switching off people need to be more conscious about through mostly through consumption mostly throughmostly consumption how does howcycle does ofcycle separation waste can improve theseparation effeciencyofofseparation waste the waste can to improve the of the waste toof thePeople of waste caneffeciency improve the effeciency waste to People basic sortingbut andnot recycle, but not very awareand of the consequence People do basic sorting and recycle, but notdo very basic aware sorting ofdothe and consequence recycle, very aware the consequence fixtures when not in use, appliances consciousness and fixtures about when thefixtures not in use, consciousness aboutcooking, the about appliances and when not in use,shower, consciousness the process of production andvisible wasteand is not visible for most people process ofofproduction waste is not process visibleoffor production most people and waste isappliances not for most people everywhere: drinking, everywhere: food, toilet, shower, cleaning cooking, drinking, food,drinking, toilet, cleaning everywhere: shower, cooking, food, toilet, cleaning energy processes, separation of organic energy material processes, is also separation critical of organic material is also critical energy processes, separation of organic material is also critical affect daily affect lifedaily life energy they energybills they consume, reduced electricity billselectricity bills energy they consume, reduced Unless farming or consume, tourism reduced electricity Unless through urban farming or tourism Unless through urbanthrough farmingurban or tourism Surface: potential of agricultural landscape view potential of agricultural landscape Surface:view potential of agricultural landscape view incenerated is used inSurface: infrastructure construction incenerated waste is used in infrastructure incenerated construction waste is usedwaste in infrastructure construction the incineration of waste to produce the energy incineration has eliminated waste to produce energy has eliminated theofincineration of waste to produce energy has eliminated

Pumps, prepurification stations, smallPumps, impactprepurification on landscape. stations, smallstations, impact on landscape.

Pumps, prepurification small impact on landscape.

uselogistics of open landscape for wind of open andlandscape solar in the region for wind and solar farms use offarms open landscape in the region for wind and solar farms influence infrastructure through logisticsin the region use influence infrastructure influence infrastructure through distribution: subsoil.

RWZI’s, AEB: larger distribution: plant =subsoil. impact on RWZI’s, landscape.

AEB:RWZI’s, larger plant impactplant on landscape. distribution: subsoil.

AEB:= larger = impact on landscape. negative on soil andif we subsurface don’t do it through logistics negative impact on soil and subsurface negative if we don’t impact doon it soilimpact and subsurface don’t do ifit we ape impact impact on landscape on landscape landfills in the region, potential to revitalize landfillsold in landfills thelandfills region, in potential to revitalize the region, potentialoldtolandfills revitalize old landfills Subsurface: quality and water underground water Subsurface: soil quality and underground Subsurface: water soil quality andsoil underground XS/S: urban faming

in daily means: invisible till it comes out in daily the tap: means: after it draines, till itinvisible comes again outtillthe tap: after draines, invisible againinvisible again in invisible daily means: invisible it comes out itthe tap: after it draines,

XS/S: urban faming XS/S: urban faming

depends the type of aimed material recycle and reuse depends on the type ofon aimed material of recycle andofreuse depends on the type of aimed material of recycle and reuse small scale interventions linked to waste smallflow scale - improving interventions to wastelinked flow to - improving small scale linked interventions waste flow - improving adjustability adjustability doable. but, when out of the main system, doable.has but,towhen be constructed outbut, of the mainoutsystem, has tosystem, be constructed doable. when of the main has to be constructed S/M: aggloment farming in suburban S/M: from aggloment farming in suburbanS/M: aggloment farming in suburban mostly needsinstructions educationalfrom instructions institutes, mostly educational institutes, mostly needs educational instructions from needs institutes, use of individual house rooftops for solar use ofenergy individual rooftops for solar energy usehouse of individual house rooftops for solar energy systems and methods for waste separation systems and methods for waste separation systems and methods for waste separation a complete local system, house to street a complete scale local system, local housesystem, to streethouse scaleto street scale a complete M/L: agriculturaltourism M/L: agriculturaltourism M/L: agriculturaltourism wsto smalltoscale smallflows scale flows especially in plasticmentioned (a frequently mentioned kind) especially in plastic (a frequently mentioned especially kind) in plastic (a frequently kind) lessofrequirement logistics on smaller scale less requirement of logistics on smaller lessscale requirement logistics onofsmaller scale

flexible but needincooperation architectural design, flexibleless but need cooperation in architectural flexible but design, need cooperation architecturalindesign, depends the neededsometimes technology, sometimes less flexible depends on the needed technology,depends sometimes on less the needed flexibleontechnology, flexible rebranding the AMA with as a zero waste rebranding and mazimised therebranding AMA withthe as aAMA zerowith waste mazimised rebranding thepotential?

AMA with as a zero waste rebranding and mazimised therebranding AMA withthe as aAMA zerowith waste mazimised as and a zero wasteexchange and mazimised as and a zero waste and mazimised ntial? placemaking placemaking potential? very suitable very suitable very suitable policystakeholders and multiple stakeholders and multiple stakeholders policy and multiple need exchangematerials of (wasted)policy materials need of (wasted) materialsneed exchange of (wasted) renewable energy region renewable energy regionenergy renewable energy region renewable energy regionenergy region renewable renewable region may have larger implications (wastewater (wastewater though)may have larger (wastewater mayimplications have largerthough) implications though) Material can be low-cost, sometimes smells Material can be low-cost, sometimes Material smells can be low-cost, sometimes smells if well separated before, less smell if well separated before, less smell if well separated before, less smell ? smell? physicalphysical material? material? smell? smell? creation of art projects to inform people creation aboutofthe artcreation impact projectsofoftowaste inform people about people the impact of waste art projects to inform about the impact of waste

largeclose. scale landscape interventions has largehigh scale potential landscape interventions high potential for potential for largefor scale landscape has interventions has high medium close.medium most workbyisAEB, still taken AEB, RWZI andmedium Nuon, close. mostfuel isfossil still taken

by AEB, RWZI most andwork Nuon, is still taken RWZIbyand Nuon, ive relationrelation with creative with creative separation and the critical situation ofseparation finite fossiland fuel the availability criticaland situation of finite fossil availability separation the critical situation ofwork finite fuel availability placemaking placemaking placemaking landscape designers, foodd, industrial design, hospitality landscape designers, landscape design, hospitality designers, foodd, industrial design, hospitality hospitality, food industries, landscape hospitality, designers, food industrial industries, design landscape industrial design hospitality, food industries,designers, landscape designers, industrial design industrial design, food foodd, industrial industrial design, fine art, food fine art, design, art, food creation of a recyclable material website creation for designers of a recyclable to use smalwebsite for designers to industrial use in smal creation ofmaterial ainrecyclable material website for designers to usefine in smal industries/class? industries/class? spatial? direct or lessdirect direct? or less could direct? be retrofitting spatial? could of bebuildings spatial? scale projects, scale to reduce projects, loss retrofitting of heat/energy of buildings losstoofreduce heat/energy scale projects, retrofittingtoofreduce buildings loss of heat/energy

Zaanstad food logistics Yes. Zaanstad as foodislogistics center, Yes. ZaanstadYes. as food logistics center, water is aintypical asset and in landscape andfortechnology for NL in general yes;the water ishave a typical asset in to landscape yes; water and technology is ayes; typical for asset NL landscape general technology NL in general solarasfarms and windcenter, farms have thesolar potential farmstoand become wind farms potential tothebecome solar farms andhave wind farms potential become focus andconstruction potential onand construction and demolitiion The focus and potential on construction Theand focus demolitiion andThe potential material on is demolitiion material is material Almere as new Aalsmere and Almere as new production Aalsmere center andAalsmere Almere asand new production center landmarks of production the region -center contribute landmarks to identity ofofplace the region -ofcontribute place landmarks the regionto-identity contribute to identity of system place is very alsowater the drinking is very efficient, also theofdrinking water also efficient, the drinking systemwater is verysystem efficient, with HvA... wageningen, HvA... as strong research support with wageningen, HvA... as strong research with wageningen, support as strong research support high quality water, low price concerns high quality water, low price concerns highconcerns quality water, low price

AEB facility - has the potential to become AEB facility a landmark - has the the potential region a landmark region for the region AEBfor facility - hastothebecome potential to becomefora the landmark MA uniqueness uniqueness for AMAforfirstAMA full integration of a first full integration of integration a first full of a

very high, natural gas fossil fuel resources expected togas be fossil very high, natural gas fossil fuel resources expected togas be fossil very high, natural fuelgas resources expected to beexpected very high, natural fuelgas resources expected to beexpected to be very high, natural fossil fuel resources be very high, natural fossil fuel resources extremely urgent, Not extremely urgent, Not extremelyNot urgent, Little on medium/smaller scale Little application on to medium/smaller scaleapplication Little onapplication medium/smaller scale depleted by 2030 2030 depleted by 2030 depleted by 2030 depleted by 2030 decentralizaiton is urgent. depleted by 2030 medium high; no direct risks lots of knowledge institutesonareit in working itdepleted in a longbyterm but lots of isknowledge it inbut a long term but lots on of knowledge institutes are working a long on term decentralizaiton urgent. institutes are working decentralizaiton is urgent.

urgency? urgency?

medium high;medium no directhigh; risksno direct risks

food; waste; water food; waste; water

46

Analysis

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

mapping the creative industry

01

Methodology

Suitability Analysis Mapping

02

In order to do this exploration, key elements and their main

Identifying Relevant Criteria

3

Landscape Features

LF

An Attractive Landscape

AL

Historic Value

HV PS

Cycle friendly pathways

CY

Socio Cultural Facilities

SC

Parks and Sports Facilities

PS

Education Facilities

characteristics are derived and developed based on the study

by Romein, A. and J.J. Trip (2008). Although this study did not specify the spatial manifestation of the key elements and their characteristics, some of them reflect spatial manifestations and therefore possible to be mapped. Three key elements that are chosen to be mapped are: representation/identity; amenities, and clusters (creative clusters). These key elements are then each defined by their characteristics and then mapped based on the available data and from reference studies (see table on the appendix).

I

Expanded from McHarg’s suitability analysis method, the basic idea is to find the potential location or catchment area (e.g.,

ED

x radius from the location) of each key elements with their characteristics. For example, for the identity element, one of

A

the factor that we choose is landscape attractiveness. Based on the research by Lankhorst (2011), spatial mapping of the

3

To reflect the spill-over advantages of the creative industry in the regional spatial structure of AMA region, exploration through spatial mapping is needed. This exploration’s objective is not only to find existing clusters/places where creative industries are located, but also to find potential places to create a new clusters/ places.

Diversity of Cafes and Restaurants

CF

Affordable Live/ Work Spaces

AF

Retrofitting Old Industrial Buildings

OL

assumption of reachable by walking and cycling).

Existing Workspaces

WS

After specifying criteria for each factor for all the three

Existing Creative Clusters

CC

suitability analysis is the attempt in creating synergy e.g.,

urban

expansion

development program (one of the project mentioned is highway expansion) and the natural system. In the project mentioned by McHarg, the suitability analysis is used to find the most suitable location for highway expansion with the intention to minimize the bad effect to the nature reserve. The analysis produced a set of matrixes of measurable compatibility criteria (Image 1) complemented with a suitability map (Image 2).

2 Image 1. McHarg Matrix Source - https://suzanneodonovan.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/7_ mcharg-staten-island.jpg Image 2. McHarg Suitability Map Source - https://sonjadogg.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/pic5-1.jpg McHarg, I.L. and Mumford, L., (1969). Design with nature (pp. 7-17).

New York: American Museum of Natural History.

to AMA region, the suitable location is not on the attractive

elements (identity, amenities, and clusters), these key elements

As with McHarg’s framework, the basic idea behind system

as one of the identity element that attract creative workforce

C

landscape itself, but on the catchment radius of 500 m (with

method (McHarg, 1969) is adapted for the project.

human

attractive landscape is done. We think of attractive landscape

Image 3. Relevant Criteria for the Creative Industry Source - Diagram by Author(s) 2017

To find intervention zones, the suitability analysis

between

47

Image 3. Circular Creative Cluster - Cruquius Source - Photograph by Author(s) 2017

3

layers will be overlaid, and areas that intersect all the three key elements are considered the most suitable potential areas for creative industry to intervene in this project.

48

Analysis

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

49

mapping the creative industry Overlays

Synthesis For the first key element – identity, the characteristics mentioned in the study is ‘DNA of the city as a while or specific intra-city areas’. We interpreted this DNA into three main factors, namely landscape attractiveness, cycling

culture,

and

old

buildings.

Landscape

attractiveness are mapped from the study by Lankhorst (2011). We only included the most attractive landscape (score

8.5-9.5).

In

addition,

landscape

features

are mapped from the landuse map e.g., water for recreational, forest, dry natural area, and wetlands uses.

Identity

Cycling culture is mapped from the national, regional, and local cycling paths. Building age are mapped from the maps.amsterdam.nl website with criteria of the year between 1620-1950 that can be considered as old building.

For the second key element – amenities, the

Amenities

characteristics mentioned in the study are quite straight forward mentioning specific important uses e.g., cultural festivals, outdoor sporting facilities, parks, education facilities, and cafes/restaurants. Location for each use are derived from the landuse map and manual mapping. The last key element – clusters, the characteristics mentioned in the study are affordable spaces and old industrial buildings. We then added the

Physical Clusters

new characteristic of current location of creative clusters.

Affordable spaces are derived from the property value (maps.amsterdam.nl) and old industrial buildings are derived from the vacancy map (maps.amsterdam.nl).

Current creative clusters are derived from research

by ABF. Catchment areas are then specified for each component with assumption of reachability by walking and cycling.

Image 1. Overlay of Spatial Factors relevant to the Creative Industry Source - Synthesis - Author(s) 2017 Original Data - maps.amsterdam.nl

50

Analysis

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

51

mapping the creative industry Synthesis

From the synthesis, we see that the darker areas are suitable for creative industry to intervene based on the criteria that we chose (identity, amenities, and clusters).

Though the most suitable areas are located in the city centre (illustrated with light transparency in the map - Appendix B) within the Amsterdam municipality.

However, focusing on the peri-urban area of the AMA region, we isolated the peri-urban based on the predefined map by the REPAiR research team. To conclude, there are suitable areas in the peri-urban area for creative industry to intervene, contrasting the notion that only the city centre as the preferable area for the creative industry to be located.

52

Analysis

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

53

spatial structure Existing Infrastructure

54

Analysis

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

55

spatial structure

Regional Typologies

To understand the spatial structure of the region, we mapped four categories of regional typologies.

This was based on density and urban boundaries (like highways, municipal lines and water bodies).

56

Analysis

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

57

spatial structure

Peri-Urban Sub-Typologies

Within

the

peri-urban

typology

we identified eight sub-typologies based

on

framework

the

theoretical

(Chapter

2).

These

were natural and rural landscapes, large scale suburban residential neighbourhoods, landscapes,

large

recreational mono-function

types, commercial and business parks, green houses and the urban fringe.

58

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

59

STRATEGY Spatial Strategy Project Strategy Peri-urban Strategy Design Principles Governance Strategy Time-line Overview

60

Strategy

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

The Impact Zone

Spatial Strategy The Legend - High concentration of the creative industry is located here. It is important to strengthen and create favourable conditions for them.

- Large population density, high impact to affect people’s behavior.

- The expanding urban city boundaries or the sprawl need to contained

The Incubator Zone

The flows of materials are highly prominent in the peri-urban zone, making it suitable for addressing the circular economy - Close proximity to the other two zones, make it ideal for design interventions that draw from the features of both zones - Large potential for placemaking projects

The Value Zone

Regional Typologies

Assigning Roles for the Legend - Important to preserve the landscape to maintain the

Images - Spatial Strategy Source - Author(s) 2017

Based on our analysis of the spatial structure of the AMA,

Based on our analysis of the region, we distributed

attractiveness of the Region

we identified four regional typologies. The first being

roles for each category that we identified in the spatial

- Recreation and Leisure activities can be located in this

the dense urban pockets, these included the urban

analysis. The dense urban pockets would act as the

zone.

centers of the city of Amsterdam, the city of Haarlem

zone of Impact. The two levels of peri-urban region

- High potential to create awareness about

and Almere in Flevoland. We also identified two levels of

would be the incubator zone, the ideal category for any

sustainability and form the basis for the sustainable and

peri-urban regions, one with more predominant urban

interventions. And the rural=natural landscape, was an

circular identity of the region.

features and the other with more natural green or rural

important aspect to the identity of the AMA. Hence,

features. This category had more ambiguous features.

this was categorized as the Value Zone. This would be

The last category was the Rural-Natural type.

preserved, and strengthen the identity of the region.

Hence, the incubator zone would be the ideal location for the projects

61

62

Strategy

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Project Strategy

Design Principles

Peri-urban Area

Incubator Zone

Principles based on the Objectives

Existing Spatial Structure

Spatial 8 Typologies

Local Actors

Tactic Library

CI

Policy

Proposed Spatial Impact

Regional Network of Interventions

Four Focus Areas

Implementation Strategy

Project

Use the existing resources

Creative workforce as agents

As part of the circular economy principles, we will use

To bridge the disassociation of sustainability concept

resources that are available in the area, specifically

to the people, we will use creative workforce as agent

for each typology e.g., vacant office buildings, vacant

harnessing the spill-over advantages of the creative

greenhouses, and former ship

industry.

Promote compact city

Enforce regional identity

Aligned with the objective to use the landscape to

With the intention to affect people’s lifestyle, regional

contain by urban sprawl, we will promote a compact city

identity will be enforced with the identity of sustainability

concept to guide future development of the AMA and

and circularity, specifically with the distinct character of

maintain the landscape attractiveness.

creative industry.

Within the AMA, the peri-urban typology will act as an incubator zone for which we developed principles, based on our objectives.

These principles would be realised through design tactics that consider spatial impact, stakeholder interest and creative industry potential and implemented as either policy or project - in the four focus zones, and these would be subsequently replicated in the region based on typology.

63

64

Strategy

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Peri-urban Strategy

The Natural Landscape we choose to

The greenhouse typology would be

Large suburban residential developments

The urban fringe is suitable for exposing

preserve.

intervened to close material flows.

we chose to densify

the material flows and engaging people.

The Rural Landscape we choose to

The Commercial Typ we chose to

The mono-function type was ideal for

Recreational Landscape will be integrated

preserve.

demonstrate circular lifestyles

linking different material flows

with renewable energy farms

65

66

Strategy

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

governance

Buro Broedplaatsen

AMA

The Fix-the-Gap Board

Buro Broedplaatsen

Kerngroep Creatieve Kerngroep Industrie

AMA

Creatieve Industrie

To implement the strategy, an organizational body or

fix-the-gap board fix-the-gap

private sector

board

research and knowledge research bank

Top Down Policies private sectorhousing corporations housing corporations

Amsterdam Smart City

Amsterdam Smart City

and knowledge bank

A’dam Economic Board

hospitality

A’dam Economic Board

networks

Amsterdam Creative Industries Network creatief MKB

networks

creative industries

creative industries

hospitality

Amsterdam Creative Industries Network creatief MKB

stimulators

1. The natural-rural landscapes identified in the analysis, are preserved as a part of the landscape protection guidelines.

2. The municipal body will not issue new construction permits, till the building vacancy in the region is addressed

schools

the Fix-the-Gap (FTG) Board, an organisation involved in

introducing

top-down

policies,

coordinating,

supporting, facilitating, stimulating, and managing the time and progress of the various pilot projects. They will also deal with the expansion of the local level projects to a regional strategy.

The board would develop strong connections to the local community (irrespective of the creative industries).

They are aware of different actors, projects and trends in the region. This is important, so that the strategy

events

incubators

businesses

events

businesses

4. Every supermarket or food chain, are required to have a left-over food resell-pick point

incubators

5. Densification of sub-urban areas to address housing demand, no permits for new housing projects that require expansion or urban city limits

three managing coordinating platforms of the AMA Platform Regionaal Economische Structuur (PRES)

three managing coordinating platforms of the AMA

coordinates the economic activities of the cooperating governments in AMA. 4x p/y concerns industrial and office locations (Plabeka), tourism policy, education and employment and knowledge & innovation. regional authorities in Amsterdam Economic Board work closely with business/industry and educational and research institutions.

Platform Regionaal Economische Structuur (PRES)

coordinates the economic activities of the cooperating governments in AMA. 4x p/y Platform Ruimtelijke Ordening (PRO)

concerns industrial office locations (Plabeka), tourism policy, education and employment and knowledge & innovation. coordination of regionaland development and spatial planning.

4x p/y regional authorities in Amsterdam Economic Board work closely with business/industry and educational and research institutions. regarding sustainability, metropolitan landscape and urbanization.

Platform Bereikbaarheid Metropoolregio Amsterdam (PBM)

Platform Ruimtelijke Ordening (PRO)

extensive formal and informal network of contacts with the creative industries and related actors. They also seek to maintain a good relationship with the AMA consortium and related boards (the Creative board, Amsterdam Economic Board). Also, representatives of the FTG will work independently in each municipality, to include local interests and stakeholders.

The board also works together with Amsterdam Smart City project, because of its similar goals, and contributes

of different actors belonging to the creative industry

Platform Bereikbaarheid Metropoolregio Amsterdam (PBM)

is generated for future projects. An inventory of other

coordinates all activities related to traffic and transport projects. concerns (international) accessibility, major infrastructure and development strategies. 4x p/y

Building Vacancy

conditions. With time, the board will establish an

through research by design.. Simultaneously, a database

regarding sustainability, metropolitan landscape and urbanization.

https://vervoerregio.nl/pagina/20160123-metropoolregio-amsterdam-

https://vervoerregio.nl/pagina/20160123-metropoolregio-amsterdam-

6. Promotion of up-cycling centers, incentives for enterprises with annual zero-waste output.

can be changed based on specific time and resource

to the already existing build up of knowledge, updated

coordinates all activities related to traffic and transport projects. coordination of regional development and spatial planning.

4x p/y strategies. 4x p/y concerns (international) accessibility, major infrastructure and development

Landscape Guidelines

a specialized task-force is required to realise the end goals and make the project feasible. Thus introducing,

3. The energy efficiency of the green-houses have to be increased, owners updating the technology to receive tax rebates

stimulators

schools

67

relevant actors, from the private sector (like developers,

Advertisement Campains

housing co-operations, hospitality industry) will be generated. .

68

Chapter Title

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Strategy Timeline The GAP - The disassociation between people and abstract concepts of sustainability and circularity

Preparation

Test Projects

04

To Demonstrate

To Close

GAP_

A New vision for the AMA!!!

To Link

2019 2020

Task Force

like Defining Protected Landscapes

Negotiations with relevant stakeholders for top-down implementation like Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment Local Municipalities

Procuring investments for the project

Regional Level

Preparation

11

Identifying the interested municipalities to host the pilot projects Inviting planners and urban designers to develop, design and oversee for the pilot projects

To Engage 3.0

% households twt

To Demonstrate 2.0

Vacancy Rate

% households twt

100%

To Demonstrate3.0

Vacancy Rate

To Close 2.0

To Close 3.0

Sustainable Greenhouses

Sustainable Greenhouses

80%

40%

To Link 2.0

Upcycling

30%

Indicators

Indicators

2024

Upcycling

60% 10

2030 06

03

To Link 3.0

Upcycling

10%

Vacancy Rate

0%

0%

Sustainable Greenhouses

2023

02

At the Level

85%

20%

2017

Introducing the Fix-the-Gap (FTG) Board, a body that oversees the implementation of the strategy

To Engage 2.0

% households twt

30%

02 MIND THE

MIND THE GAP_

Review

19%

Advertising the Vision to garner interest and invite relevant stakeholders

00

Neighbourhood Level

At the Level To Engage

01

05 Preparation

Review

Identifying the interested municipalities to host the pilot projects

Identifying the interested municipalities to host the pilot projects

Inviting planners and urban designers to develop, design and oversee for the pilot projects

Inviting planners and urban designers to develop, design and oversee for the pilot projects

2050 07

09 08 Sustainable Lifestyles

MIND THE GAP_ Targets Achieved!!!!

Advertising the Vision to garner interest and invite relevant stakeholders showing successful interventions

A network of intervention at different locations, repeated based on policy

69

Strategy

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Overview

71

Overview TACTICS

LEGEND

URBAN

concentration of consumption high density

SPILLZONE MONOF.

maintain the creative industry while connecting it to the network of the incubator zone as well as creating relations between the lifestyles here and the other 2 zones to make the spill-over effect as large as possible

GREENH. transition zone: relates to 2 sides unique to AMA lower density > more space

PERIURBAN

more complex structures by combinations of typologies important infrastructural points within material flow cycles (production)

INCUBATOR ZONE intervening within specific locations using its creative industries and workforce with different techniques to make flows locally visible (>awareness) and to make flows linked and circular (>sustainability) growing toward a network of projects and communities that contribute to the regions identity of sustainability

USE THE EXISTING RESOURCES CONNECT TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE INSTITUTIONS TAPPING ONTO EXISTING MUNICIPAL VENTURES, EXISTING C.E. INITIATIVES , EXISTING CLUSTER NICHES

URB.FR.

COMPACT CITY; PREVENTING URBAN SPRAWL POLICY: ALL NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS WILL ONLY BE APPROVED IF THE PROPOSED FUNCTION CANNOT BE REHABILITATED IN EXISTING VACANT BUILDINGS

RES.SUB-U

BRANDING THE REGIONS IDENTITY REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS) REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

FACILITATING FEATURES RELATED TO THE CI (&CW) BY PROVIDING AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTER

open spaces

ecological value health

RURAL

attracts creatives attracts tourists

VALUE ZONE maintaining its attractiveness of the opens space and its qualities, whilst offering recreation in a way that increases awareness about sustainable concepts and thereby contributes to the regions identity of sustainability

COMM.

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

LOCATION SPECIFIC EXAMPLES: IMPLEMENTATION

VISIBILITY THROUGH MUNICIPAL CONNECTION

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY NATURAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT LOCAL FOOD MARKETS/ SHOPS /RESTAURANT-CAFES DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE UPCYCLING POINTS (NEIGHBOURHOOD POINTS TO DISTRICT FACTORY) LEFT-OVER FOOD PICK-UP POINTS OR SHOPS ADJUST PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

DEMONSTRATING COMMUNITY BUILDING

RECREAT.

GLOBAL PIPELINE CONNETIONS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I. PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W. PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.? WHICH?

ATTENTION: PROMOTION, EXPOSURE

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

IMPROVING PUBLIC GOODS

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS (DIG)

NATURAL

not dense, few people living

RURAL

COWORKING SPACES WORKSHOP SPACES NEIGHBOURHOOD SPACE/COMMUNITY

circular lifestyles by work&live creative cluster

business park A’dam south Bijlmer & ArenA area

KNOWLEDGE & INNOVATION SPILL-OVER

PLACEMAKING, RAISING REAL ESTATE VALUE

attracts other people (day visitors)

production - process - comsumption

TYPOLOGY STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS: SET OF TACTICS

USE VACANT LAND

FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE INST. TO PROMOTE INNOVATION ON CE

clean air green-blue structures

STAKEHOLDERS’ INCENTIVES

TYPOLOGIES GENERAL

concentration of creative industries + workforce

PRINCIPLES

FLOWS

concentration of people (>lifestyles)

ROLE IN OBJECTIVE

CI/CW

OBSERVATIONS

VISIBILITY, PEOPLE,LIFESTYLES

70

CLOSING a specific flow in innovative ways, using existing structures creatively

LINKING flows by creative industries by combining design and production

greenhouses A’dam Greenport

monofuntional A’dam Port

CREATIVE SOLUTIONS (e.g. for business)

CREATE LANDMARKS ART PROJECTS PLACEMAKING PROJECTS (SEE UNFOLDED ACTIVITIES WHERE?)

EXPOSING REACHING OUT TARGET AUDIENCE

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS EXPOSED FLOWS ON STREET SCENE DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

NON SPATIAL SPATIAL

SPACES (WORK, LIVE, PLAY, ETC)

flows to raise awareness and engaging people

urban fringe A’dam West

72

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

73

TACTICS LIBRARY

Tactics

1 Image 1. Brainstorm Session while developing a set of strategies of “Tactics� for the Squares Source - Photograph by Author(s) 2017 Image 2. Tactics Methodology Source - Diagram by Author(s) 2017

A set of tactics were created to apply on the square - based on the theme and design intentions for each typology

Stakeholder Interests

Squares

2

74

RESEARCH AND OWLEDGE

OOD UPCYCLING POINTS

CANT BUILDINGS

Tactic Library

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

Tactic 1

FUNDING RESEARCH AND LOCAL MARKETS KNOWLEDGE

COWORKING SPACES

COWORKING SPACES SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

Tactic 3

.

Use vacant buildings (re-use, or transform + use)

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD FUNDING RESEARCH AND PLACEMAKING PROJECTS PICK-UP POINTS KNOWLEDGE

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY COWORKING SPACES C.W

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

CREATING LANDMARKS

ART PROJECTS

USE VACANT BUILDINGS EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

Image 1. Paley park, an example of pocket park, New York

LANDMARKS PROVIDE CREATING AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

PLACEMAKING PHYSICALLYPROJECTS EXPOSED MATERIAL LOCAL MARKETS FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

CREATING LANDMARKS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

BRANDING ARTCLUSTERING PROJECTS CREATIVE INDUSTRIES EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

ART PROJECTS

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

CREATING LANDMARKS

.

Natural quality improvements

PROVIDE AMENITIES C.W.?

WORKSHOP SPACES DIGITAL PROMOTION AND FOR ADVERTISING

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES CENTER PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING NEIGHBOURHOD SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W BRANDING DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL ADJUSTINGFLOWS PUBLICWITHIN PART OFTHE THEPUBLIC SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY SPACE CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

Image 5. Bike path in Ruhrgebiet, Germany

Image 2. Postbahnhof, train station into event hall, Berlin USE VACANT BUILDINGS

Tactic 4

.

Improve accessibility USE VACANT LAND/SPACE KNOWLEDGE SHARING PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR PLATFORMS C.W.?

ART PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

75

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY LEFT-OVER MANIFESTATIONS FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD USE VACANT LAND/SPACE PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OFPLACEMAKINGNATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTSPROVIDE AMENITIES PROJECTS FOR C.W.?

OF DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY LOCAL MARKETS CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIALPICK-UP NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTSADJUSTING PUBLIC ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE POINTS C.W CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS) DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

Tactic 2

.

Use vacant land

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

BRANDING

DISTRICT UPCYCLING BRANDING FACTORY

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

BRANDING WORKSHOP SPACES REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS

CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS) BRANDING THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRO

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

DIGITA

WORKSHOP SPA

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

Image 6. Westergasbabriek park, Amsterdam CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

Image 3. Larkin Square, food truck events, and the “Live at Larkin” concert series, New York

Image 4. Tropicana, swimming pool into mushroom greenhouse, Rotterdam

Image 7. Erasmus Bridge connecting Rotterdam north and south, Rotterdam

Image 8. Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Yorkshire, UK

Statement

Statement

Statement

Statement

Creative urban activists have been transforming vacant land into community green space for decades, such projects continue to be prevalent in many cities and are often operated through multiple organizations. One common strategy is to transform a vacant plot into green spaces like community gardens, urban farmland or even forests. A second common strategy for developing vacant land centers on generating a special event or experience.

In Amsterdam the amount of unused building sites is as large as IJburg, and there are 1.25 million m2 of unoccupied office space. This is a problem as well as an opportunity for officials, politicians, developers and residents in the context of after economic crisis time. Creative change of vacant buildings involve academic researchers and volunteers to test their knowledge to improve the public health.

Creative work force are found through study prefer to live in the city center, where more amenities and resources are better connected.

Accessibility is not only about mobility. Instead of simply attempting to maximize the total amount of movement, accessibility places primacy on the ability to reach a chosen destination, which in our case, is the sustainable creative clustering.

Ugly land scares the talent away. More business areas, greenhouses and windmills in the Netherlands is disastrous for the economy.

The quality of the environment is decisive . Nature and beautiful landscapes in and around metropolitan areas are crucial for attracting highly skilled, creative and entrepreneurial knowledge.

Reference

Reference

Paley Park in New York provides a quiet escape from the city in Midtown Manhattan. It’s popularity is due to its central location and design that makes it easily accessible and visible to passer-bys on the street.

In Buffalo’s Larkinville neighborhood, the site of a long-demolished soap manufacturing plant now houses a verdant square that hosts the annual Live at Larkin series of summer concerts. The increased pedestrian traffic and vibrancy in the area has spurred the emergence of related activities at the site.

Postbahnhof Berlin is a railway station in service between 1907 to 1997, the facilities of the Postbahnhof at the Ostbahnhof are listed under monument protection and are now used as venues.

Tropicana Rotterdam Tropicana was a leisure resort on the Maasboulevard in Rotterdam , commissioned in 1988, close in 2010. Since early 2013, a number of entrepreneurs proposed to amend the zoning. In the 5 year period between building is used as a mushroom farm, stadskas and catering facility.

The Erasmus Bridge (Dutch: Erasmusbrug) is a combined cable-stayed and bascule bridge in the centre of Rotterdam, connecting the north and south parts of this city. The bridge is frequently featured in events such as film making, perfomances, The World Port Days and 2010 Tour de France.

Westergasfabriek park attached to Westergasfabriek, offers diverse spatial and temporal experiences and highlights the project’s placement between city and nature.

Yorkshire Sculpture Park is an open-air gallery in West Bretton, showing work by British and international artists. The ‘gallery without walls’ has a changing exhibition programme.

Source

Source

Source

Source

Evidence Matters, (2014), Temporary Urbanism: Alternative Approaches to Vacant Land. Retrieved from https://www.huduser.gov/ portal/periodicals/em/winter14/highlight4.html

Jeffrey Hou, (2014), Now Urbanism: The Future City is Here

Daniel Nairn, (2010) , From a mobility to an accessibility orientation.

Retrieved from http://discoveringurbanism.blogspot.nl/2010/02/ from-mobility-to-accessibility.html Erasmusbrug, (2017), Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Erasmusbrug

Adriaan Geuze, (2016). Lelijk land schrikt talent af. Retrieved from https://blendle.com/i/de-volkskrant/lelijk-land-schrikt-talent-af/bnl-vkn-20160618-6578022?verified=true&sharer=eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjoiMSIsInVpZCI6Inl1ZW1hbyIsIml0ZW1faWQiOiJibmwtdmtuLTIwMTYwNjE4LTY1NzgwMjIifQ%3D%3D

Image source: http://pkdf0tgenk-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/places/files/2015/07/Tree-Canopy.jpg https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/em/winter14/images/em_winter13_4_1.jpg

Image source: http://postbahnhof.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/aerztekongress-460x234.jpg Image source: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ojZKSjyX9Iw/maxresdefault.jpg

Image source: http://meurers.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Ruhrgebiet-Essen-Radfahren-Erzbahn_1919.jpg Image source: http://broer.no/bro/b/b4_2.jpg

Image source: https://createyourownlife83.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/11-07-02-wgfzomer-0331.jpg Image source: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AjJrgdr6GUQ/TaLocHO8nEI/AAAAAAAAACg/ nXXn-FllrvQ/s1600/YSP+1-b.jpg

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARK

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

76

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

Tactic 5

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

OD UPCYCLING POINTS

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS USE VACANT BUILDINGS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS COWORKING SPACES CREATING LANDMARKS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

LOCAL MARKETS ART PROJECTS

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

BRANDING REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS) DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

Tactic Library

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

.

Digital platform marketplace materials CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

BRANDING REGIONS BRANDING SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS) (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER CENTRE

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

WORKSHOP SPACES

.

Upcycling points (neighbourhood to district factory)

Image 11. Local Food market impression CREATING LANDMARKS

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES ART PROJECTS

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

WORKSHOP SPACES PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

Image 9. Wastedlab waste plastic workshop, Amsterdam DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

Image 13. Oogtkaart, online recycling material map by Superuse DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS Studios NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

Image 15. Repaired Clothing from Patagoni

Image 12. Café De Ceuvel in Amsterdam

Image 10. Extra City workshop in Kunsthal, Antwerpen

Image 14. Bouw Beurs, construction material platform hosting the largest annual material exhibition in the Netherlands

Image 16. Old bike parts are transformed into new products

Statement

Statement

Statement

Statement

By relating local food closer to the daily lifes of people, it would help rising the notion of the value of food, its origin, and making it less self-evident.

Besides, it costs less transport, and shorter time before it is consumed, so less means are needed to preserve. Also the Dutch Government stimulates the development of local products. Stated is that the sustainable impact mostly is reached when there is methods involved to educate people.

Creative design and production center helps to upcycling material and thus close the flows. The center itself can also function as agency to engage community, bring and spread creative solutions to neighborhoods.

The form of center can either be flexibily inserted neighborhood hubs or attachments of big public amenities such as museums.

Material market, especially reused material market, stimulates creative solutions of recycling in the construction section. Dynamically and flexibly designed buildings can be incorporated into a circular economy – where materials in buildings sustain their value. That will lead to waste reduction and the use of fewer virgin resources. Digital platforms such as BAMB enable regional even global impact of these solutions.

Upcycling is when materials from an old product are used to make a new product without being turned in to raw materials first as would happen in the recycling process.

The creative industry, designers specifically can play an important role in upcycling as they can come up with unique new fuctions for old products. Creating value by design Upcycling points are places where wasted products and materials are assebled to be repurposed by the creative industry

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

De Ceuvel is an experiment in urban sustainability: everything is built out of local recycled materials, every roof is full of solar panels and every office cleans it’s own discarded water. In the middle is their cafe: it serves all kinds of delicious, organic and local food and drinks.

Wastedlab is a neighborhood laboratory for plastic waste upcycling based in Amsterdam north, creating a traveling lab of small-scale, self-designed machinery for plastic upcycling.

Extra City is a Kunsthal that finds inspiration in the city for depicting different visions of our future, by encouraging new links between contemporary (inter)national art and artists, researchers, and citizens.

Patagonia is a clothing company that has the worn wear program, in this program customers can return their old clothing to the patagonia store and they will repair the clothing and give it a new life while also giving the clothing item a unique touch. They have been doing this since 2005

Source Groen Kennisnet, (2015) , Regionaal Voedsel, from http://www. groenkennisnet.nl/nl/groenkennisnet/dossier/dossier-regionaal-voedsel.htm Ruiter, de, H., (2016), Blog: Lokaal voedsel of wereldhandel?, from http://youthfoodmovement.nl/blog-lokaal-voedsel-wereldhandel/ Algorhythm, (n.d.) The Ceuvel, from http://algorhythm.nl/ceuvel/

Source Martha Rosler, (2011) , Culture Class: Art, Creativity, Urbanism, Part IIJoost Peters. Retrieved from http://www.e-flux.com/journal/23/67813/culture-class-art-creativity-urbanism-part-ii/

Harvestmap (Oogstkaart in Dutch) is an online marketplace for redundant and second hand materials. Harvestmap allows companies or individuals to make an inventory of their supply of materials, components or even buildings to superusers.

The EU funded BAMB project brings 16 parties throughout Europe together for one mission – enabling a systemic shift in the building sector by creating circular solutions and creating ways to increase the value of building materials.

Image source: http://exploremiamisburg.com/miamisburg-farmers-market/ Image source: https://www.amsterdamenergie.nl/biogasboot-bij-de-ceuvel/

DISTRICT UPCYCLING

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

KNOWLEDGE SHARIN

Tactic 8

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS THE WASTEQUALITY TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION NATURE IMPROVEMENTS

77

WORKSHOP SPACES

Tactic 7

.

Creative design and production centre

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

Tactic 6

.

Local Food Project (markets, shops, restaurant/cafe)

ESEARCH AND WLEDGE

ANT BUILDINGS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

Image source: http://www.wastedlab.nl/media/cms_page_media/9/Photo%20Jul%20 10%2C%2018%2052%2021%20copy.jpg Image source: http://extracitykunsthal.org/ECK13/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/small_arewe-changing-the-world-extra-city-kunsthal-2005-workshop11.jpg

Source European Commission, (2014). Moving towards a circular economy through industrial symbiosis. Retrieved from http://cordis.europa.eu/ programme/rcn/664555_en.pdf

Source Worn Wear. (2017). Patagonia. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from http:// www.patagonia.com/worn-wear.html

Image source: https://www.oogstkaart.nl/

Image source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BSurjC8BFDi/?hl=en&taken-by=wornwear

Image source: http://www.bamb2020.eu/

Image source: http://www.theupcycle.nl/shop/upcycle-gear/pants-up/bicyclebelt/

CREATING LAND

78

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

ING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

RHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

COWORKING SPACES

LOCAL MARKETS

Tactic 9

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY USE VACANT BUILDINGS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS CREATING LANDMARKS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE ART PROJECTS

CREATING LANDMARKS

ART PROJECTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE CREATING LANDMARKS DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

Image 17. Too Good to Go, leftover food ordering App.

E VACANT BUILDINGS

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR PLACEMAKING PROJECTS PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING BRANDING ART PROJECTS C.W EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I. REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS) DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

BRANDING REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE WORKSHOP SPACES

Tactic Library

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

USE VACANT BUILDINGS CREATING LANDMARKS BRANDING PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL SPACES THE WASTEWORKSHOP TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. SPACE FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC CREATIVE DESIGNCLUSTERS) AND PRODUCTION CENTRE (AMENITIES, IDENTITY,

ART PROJECTS NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

EVENTS, FESTIVALSMARKETPLACE AND EXPO’S MATERIALS DIGITAL PLATFORM

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

WORKSHOP SPACES NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

Image 21. The Creative Factory, Rotterdam

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

Image 20. Colored and Labled Waste Seperation Bins

Image 24. Organic waste is put in the blue bin

Image 22. Affordable working spaces in The Creative Factory

Statement

Statement

Statement

Statement

Left over food from Supermarkets, restaurants and households are collected and sold for a low price or given away for free to the public instead of throwing it away.

An important part of getting the public to participate in the circular economy is to make it easy for them to do so. By designing products and spaces that can largely contribute to circularity with public participation in a way that it’s clear for the users what they have to do to be circular, can effect the efficiency of the circular economy.

An innovative solution to locally transform waste into value.

This installation, from the company called The Waste Transformers, is founded in 2012 by Lara van Druten. Organic waste is processed, electricity is produced and water is recovered, while even residual heat is used for the heating of water for the participating parties.

Lack of affordable small-scale business spaces is one of the main reason that hamper the growth of creative industry in Amsterdam. Therefore, to attract creative industries to settle in a certain place, it is critical to provide affordable spaces for them to work. Apart from affordability, flexibility is also important in choosing working space with their unique characteristic of being able to work in a flexible condition.

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Currently 40% of food is thrown away without being eaten.

Too Good to Go is an app in the UK where users can order leftover food from restaurants that would otherwise throw it away, at a low price.

The hangbag is a design for a shopping bag that after use can be easily folded by the user into a hanger to hang clothes thus extending the life span of the bag.

The Waste Transformers have placed a couple installations throughout the world so far. One of them is actually up and running in Amsterdam. The facilities at the Westergas terrain in Amsterdam West are collecting their organic waste to get energy back from it, while the recovered water is brought back to the Westerpark.

Source

Source

App Lets You Buy Leftover Food From Restaurants And It’s Really Cheap. (2017). The Huffington Post.z, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/app-lets-you-buy-leftover-food-from-restaurantsand-its-really-cheap_us_57aa4469e4b0ba7ed23dff1a

A Paper Shopping Bag That Transforms Into a Hanger Back Home.

(2013). Gizmod. Retrieved from http://gizmodo.com/a-paper-shopping-bag-that-transforms-into-a-hanger-back-1472792848

Source

Source

Peters, J., (2016) , Hoe een duurzame afvalverwerker een oer-Hollands exportproduct wordt

Image source: http://gizmodo.com/a-paper-shopping-bag-that-transforms-into-a-hangerback-1472792848 Image source: http://www.constructionweekonline.com/pictures/recycling-bins_1.gif

Image source: http://jeanpierrejans.nl/the-waste-transformers/

Caspers, M. (2013). Chances for creative talent in Parkstad Rotterdam: Urban regeneration in Rotterdam-Zuid based on the development of a vital local creative economic cluster.

Image source: http://www.boredpanda.com/public-street-fridge-for-homeless-india/

PLAC

.

Provide affordable working spaces for creative workforce

Image 19. Restaurant puts fridge outside to give homeless leftovers

Image source: http://toogoodtogo.co.uk/

79

Tactic 12

Image 23. TWT installation at the Westergasterrain BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE

.

The Waste Transformers installation

Image 18. Instructions on the hangbag PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

Tactic 11

.

Adjust public part of the system to circularity (waste sep. bins, green street lighting, furniture)

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD USE VACANT BUILDINGS PICK-UP POINTS LOCAL MARKETS

COWORKING SPACES

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

Tactic 10

.

Left-over food pick-up points or shops NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

Image source: https://www.mt.nl/dossiers/made-in-nl/hoe-the-waste-transformers-oer-hollands-exportproduct-wordt/527111

Examples of affordable working spaces are The Creative Factory in Rotterdam-Zuid. The building was a former silo and located strategically near the metro station. As of 2013, the building is accommodating 70 creative workforces. The strategy is to accommodate working space in a large open space so that the worker can rent a single space of more, therefore making it possible to have a relatively low rent

Image source: https://stedenintransitie.nl/plek/creative-factory Image source: http://www.placemarketing.nl/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/100_0044.jpg

CLUSTERIN

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

80 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS COWORKING SPACES

PLATFORMS

CTORY

RKS

COWORKING SPACES

LOCAL MARKETS

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING LOCAL MARKETS SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

Tactic 13

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

.

Provide amenities for creative workforce/industries

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR PROJECTS PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

USE VACANTPLACEMAKING BUILDINGS CREATING LANDMARKS IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR ART PROJECTS PLACEMAKING PROJECTS PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

C.W C.W

.

Clustering creative industries WORKSHOP SPACES

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

.

Funding research and knowledge institutions to promote innovation on circular economy

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

CREATING LANDMARKS ART PROJECTS

ART PROJECTS EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES BRANDING PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

BRANDING THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION THEFOR WASTE REGION AS HOTSPOT C.I. TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

Image 25. Strijp-S, Eindhoven

Image 26. Westerpark near the Westergasfabriek, Amsterdam

Image 29. Google office in Silicon Valley, California

Image 30. LDE-Centre for Sustainability website

Image 27. Interior of a loft apartment in Strijp-S, Eindhoven

Image 28. Example of meeting space in Lloyd Hotel, Amsterdam

Image 31. Westergasfabriek Creative Hub, Amsterdam

Image 32. The Green Village, one of the initiative from by LDE

Statement

Statement

Statement

Statement

Creative workforces prefer to settle in neighbourhoods with availability of affordable housing. Uniquely to the creative workforce, the living and working environments are usually intertwined, hence combined space for both living and working with intention to make it more affordable is a good proposition for them. This is especially the case with the creative start-ups and freelancers that have high flexibility in their activities.

Easily accessible amenities are one of the key elements of the creative city. Amenities here can constitute as cultural festivals; outdoor sporting facilities; parks; education facilities; and diversity of cafes and restaurant. These kinds of amenities cater the daily need of the creative workforce and their households. Apart from that, the other type of amenities required are facilities that linked to their business activities e.g., meeting room, print shops, and accountancy.

Creative industries should be clustered together to maximize the potential of vertical and horizontal (competition and complementary) dimension of the cluster and to achieve the economy of scale. By clustering the creative industries, circular economy concepts can be implemented through knowledge exchange within each firm and intra firm, as the new trend that will be followed by other sectors/firms and will be perceived by the consumer/people.

There are studies about the importance of the role of knowledge institution in the creative industry. Apart from that, there are plausible interrelations among primary task of knowledge institutions with the three ‘pillars’ of creative economy, namely technology, talent, and tolerance. We think of these interactions as opportunity to foster the innovation of the knowledge in implementing the circular economy concept through creative industry.

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Strijp-S in Eindhoven is one of the examples of affordable housing catered for the creative workforce. As former office, the working spaces are transformed into both affordable living and working space. With the unique quality of an office complex, this building attracts many creative workforce and creative events.

Westerpark in Amsterdam is one of the finest example of a park as amenity that constitute closely to the creative hub Westergasfabriek. Example of facility constitute to business activities of the creative workforce is Lloyd Hotel in the Eastern Docklands Amsterdam. This facility provides meeting and exhibition spaces for the creative workforce.

Example of the physical clustering of the creative industries is Silicon Valley, California, USA. The ‘buzz’ of innovation and creativity are perceived by the surrounding regions or even become the identity of the nation. With similar goal, our aim is to create this ‘buzz’ for the AMA to be the Silicon Valley of circular-creative economy. Another example that is located in the AMA region is the Westergasfabriek.

Example of this interrelation is LDE-Centre for Sustainability as collaboration of several universities in the Netherlands namely TU Delft, Leiden University, and Erasmus University with private organisation, and other initiatives. This collaborations are operating and funded under the flag of the European Institute for Technology.

Source

Romein, A. & Trip, J.J. (2010). The creative production and consumption milieu. Delft: OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment http://www.leiden-delft-erasmus-nieuwsbrief.nl/from-the-leidendelft-erasmus-centres-ii-2/

Romein, A. & Trip, J.J. (2010). The creative production and consumption milieu. Delft: OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment

Caspers, M. (2013). Chances for creative talent in Parkstad Rotterdam: Urban regeneration in Rotterdam-Zuid based on the development of a vital local creative economic cluster.

Romein, A. & Trip, J.J. (2010). The creative production and consumption milieu. Delft: OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment

Image source: https://www.metatronics.nl/wp-content/uploads/Gebouw-Gerard-3.jpg

Image source: http://www.iamsterdam.com/en/visiting/areas/amsterdam-neighbourhoods/ westerpark/westerpark

Image source: http://www.bygg.nl/loft-at-strijp-s/

Image source: http://www.lloydhotel.com/meeting-spaces-1/meeting-spaces.htm

Source

DIGITAL

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFOR

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER MARKETPLACE MATERIALS DIGITAL PLATFORM

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

Source

81

Tactic 16

Tactic 15

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC WORKSHOP SPACES EVENTS, PHYSICALLY FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S SPACE SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I. FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

Tactic Library

BRANDING BRANDING REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS) DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

Tactic 14

.

Provide affordable housing for creative workforce DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD USE VACANT LAND/SPACE PICK-UP POINTS PICK-UP POINTS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., & Maskell, P. (2004). Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in human geography, 28(1), 31-56.

Image source: http://www.digitaltrends.com/web/diversity-is-still-a-problem-in-tech-google-admits/ Image source: http://www.westergasfabriek.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Westergasfabriek-overview.jpg

Source

Image source: https://kumu.io/LDE-CfS/lde-centre-for-sustainability#lde-circular-economy-topic/biocatalysis Image source: https://www.thegreenvillage.org/projects/roadlab

CREATING LANDMARKS

82

Tactic Library

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

COWORKING SPACES FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

Tactic 17

Tactic 18

.

Knowledge sharing platforms (digital) NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF LOCAL MARKETS ACTIONS DIGITAL AWARENESS

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING LOCAL MARKETS KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS COWORKING SPACES

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD USE VACANT LAND/SPACE PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS DISTRICTDIGITAL UPCYCLING FACTORY PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING LOCAL MARKETS SPATIAL FOOD MANIFESTATIONS OF LEFT-OVER NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS C.W DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS COWORKING PICK-UP SPACES POINTS

COWORKING SPACES

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

CREATING LANDMARKS

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

CREATING LANDMARKS

ART PROJECTS

ART PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S USE VACANT BUILDINGS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

BRANDING NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THELAND/SPACE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY USE VACANT

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

CREATING LANDMARKS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CREATING LANDMARKS

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I. ART PROJECTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

ART PROJECTS

LOCAL MARKETS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

BRANDING PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.? NATURE REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

C.W DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING (AMENITIES, CLUSTERS) SPACES TOIDENTITY, WORK FOR C.I.

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE

.

Workshops (& workshop space)

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.? BRANDING FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

WORKSHOP SPACES IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE

WORKSHOP SPACES

WORKSHOP SPACES

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS

Tactic 20

.

Physically exposed material flows within the public space

KNOWLEDGE

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

BRANDING REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS) DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

Tactic 19

.

Coworking spaces

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

WORKSHOP SPACES

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

Image 33. TransformCIty as knowledge platform initiative

Image 34. CO-working space in Barcelona

Image 39. Waste as public furniture Image 40. Electricity

Image 35. Inform stage of the TransformCIty initiative

Image 36. Co-working space also provide amenities to the users

Image 41. Water square Rotterdam

Statement

Statement

Statement

Statement

At nowadays social media and digital era, it is important to think about the knowledge sharing not only with physical clustering (see Tactic 15), but also in a digital way. The idea is to engage and reaching out the target audience to make the intended development as collaborative as possible.

Apart from to the target audience, collaboration with other industry locally, regionally and globally is also important, as one of the advantage of clustering is also to develop ‘global

Co-working space is a physical working space that emphasize the concept of sharing working environment. Sharing in this term means sharing facilities like meeting room, working table, kitchen, etc. People that works here are usually from different company. By providing co-working space as a flexible working environment, the issues of high rental cost and rigidity of a conventional office space can be tackled.

Part of the reason that the use of materials in our daily life has become such an obvious natural matter, is that the largest part of the processes that materials undergo are hidden. We only see them when we consume: after that they ‘disappear’ and neglecting problems becomes more easy for us. Making material flows literally visible, exposed within the street scene or public space, would rise questionmarks, open discussions and rise awareness.

Raising awareness in an active way, by workshops. By workshops interest can be awoken, awareness can be rised, as well as the educational aspect plays a large role. A large variety of people can be reached by offering a range of different workshops having to do with sustainability for example: waste recycling, how to grow your own food, trash bin painting,

Reference

Reference

Example of digital knowledge sharing platform is TransformCity that was developed by Saskia Beer in Amsterdam.

This platform is intended to open-up the planning process by making an integral and actionable urban transformation platform - ‘an online dashboard with a strong local identity’.

TransformCity makes data interactive and actionable by combining open and user-generated data.

Example of co-working space in Netherlands is Het Paleis live-work environment in Groningen. Het Paleis is a former chemistry laboratory that has been transformed partially for co-working space. This facility includes fabrication laboratory, course room, and accommodation for temporary artist-in-residence like kitchen, reading room and café.

Source

Romein, A., Trip, J. J., & Zonneveld, W. A. M. (2012). Creative City Challenge: policy measures and applications.

Image source: http://barcelonanavigator.i5me33nlgv.maxcdn-edge.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/betahaus-Barcelona.jpg Image source: http://lifeedited.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/hub-zurich-event-space. jpg

Image 38. Workshop recycling wasted materials - Madrid

Reference Reference Examples of how this can be done, is at a larger scale The water square at the Benthemplein in Rotterdam. When there has been rainfall, it functions as temporary storage. The design of the square invites different uses when this is not the case.

Source

Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., & Maskell, P. (2004). Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in human geography, 28(1), 31-56. http://www.transformcity.com/

Image source: http://www.transformcity.com/

Image 42. OOZ project Emscher Park

Image 37. Example of a workshop space

Source Lee, C.; Moudon, A.V. (2008) Neighbourhood design and physical activity. Building research & Information, 36(5), 395-411 Image source: http://inhabitat.com/tetris-shaped-trash-filled-street-furniture-encourages-recycling-in-argentina/designo-patagonia-tetris-recyclable-public-furniture-10/ Image source: https://www.robertharding.com/ Image source: https://stimuleringsfonds.nl/nl/actueel/nieuws/180/waterplein_in_rotterdam

The project called “The Barley Field” or “El Campo de Cebada” located in Madrid and started in 2010.

Residents of the La Latina neighbourhood took over a site earmarked for the construction of a public facility, converting it into a meeting place for a wide-ranging series of events for which we now use the example of workshops. The one shown was about creating street furniture out of recycled materials giving rise to more “handmade temporary urban design” workshops.

Source CCCB, http://www.publicspace.org/en/works/g362-el-campo-decebada Image source: https://unittwelve.wordpress.com/2012/09/04/studio-space-available/ Image source: http://www.publicspace.org/en/works/g362-el-campo-de-cebada

83

TS

TRIES

84

ACCESSIBILITY Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing CircularIMPROVE Lifestyles

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

Tactic Library

WORKSHOP SPACES

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

Tactic 21 21

Tactic 22

.

Multifunctional neighbourhood space/centre BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

PROVIDE FUNDING RESEARCH ANDAFFORDABLE HOUSING FORKNOWLEDGE SHARING PLACEMAKING PLATFORMS PROJECTS COWORKING SPACES PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD C.W KNOWLEDGE

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

Tactic 23

.

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

CREATING LANDMARKS

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

ART PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS WORKING PROVIDE AFFORDABLE

WORKSHOP SPACES

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CREATING LANDMARKS

BRANDING

LEFT-OVER FOODREGION NEIHBOURHOOD AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. PICK-UP POINTS IDENTITY, CLUSTERS) (AMENITIES,

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

ART PROJECTS

CREATING LANDMARKS

ART PROJECTS

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER FOR PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING C.W

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

Image 45. LAX light installations in Los Angeles, Sun Dial in China

Image 49. Cloud Crash - Artist duo HeHe for Cape Farewell

Image 47. Urban Coffee Farm and Brew Bar by HASSELL Melbourne

Image 44. Community initiative in Malaysia

Image 46. Salvation Mountain

Image 50. ‘What is missing?’ video art on Times Square

Image 48. De Luchtsingel Rotterdam

Statement

Statement

Statement

Statement

A space for social gathering, that functions as a central meeting place in the neighbourhood, being also location for small events or activities.

Could position a key role for hosting other tactics.

Landmarks that carry out a message can contribute to both the expresssion of the regional identity as the rise of attention towards sustainable practices.

Art projects that arise the notion of the environmental challenge, human impact and how to make change.

Placemaking plays a large role for our objective because it is about specific places (spatial) and about ‘things to do’ in these places (activities/ use of space). In our strategy it means that the place and activities are used to educate, expose flows, raise awareness, and contribute to the identity and sense of belonging.

An example of these activities: residents of Taman Sungai Besi Indah in Seri Kembangan (Malaysia) gathering on a public holiday for a gotong-royong with a twist — sorting and separating garbage they had collected.

The programme called Green Unity Walk was organised by the Zone 24 residents committee (JKP) under the Subang Jaya Municipal Council (MPSJ), in collaboration with Tzu Chi Foundation Malaysia.

Salvation Mountain in Niland, California is an ambitious folk art landmark composed of recycled materials and thousands of gallons of paint. The place has a hypnotic, psychedelic, apocalyptic vibe that is related with being ‘pure California’.

U.S. Sen. Barbara Boxer called it “a unique and visionary sculpture…a national treasure…profoundly strange and beautifully accessible, and worthy of the international acclaim it receives.”

Source

Source

Chan, J., (2014), All for a greener neighbourhood, http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2014/11/06/all-for-a-greener-neighbourhood-residents-work-together-in-cleanup-and-recycling-effort/

Compagno, N., (2016), Bizarre Bests: Southern California Venues and Attractions, http://www.smartmeetings.com/hotels-resorts/91393/ bizarre-bests-southern-california-venues-attractions-challenge-status-quo

Image source: https://www.metatronics.nl/wp-content/uploads/Gebouw-Gerard-3.jpg Image source: http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2014/11/06/all-for-a-greenerneighbourhood-residents-work-together-in-cleanup-and-recycling-effort/

Image source: http://blog.theecoexperts.co.uk/10-landmarks-you-didnt-know-used-solarpower Image source: http://ednixon.dreamwidth.org/38476.html Image source: http://www.smartmeetings.com/hotels-resorts/91393/bizarre-bests-southern-california-venues-attractions-challenge-status-quo

Cape Farewell is a collective of artists, designers, filmmakers, and other creatives to address societies’ biggest challenge: climate change. Their main goal; change the way people think about climate change. Mainly they use art projects (in all sorts) in urban settings to draw attention, to the effects of climate change, to engage and inspire.

Maya Lins’ ‘What is Missing’ shows use of permanent sound and media sculptures, travelling exhibits, a Times Square video billboard and website, displaying videos and stories, to create awareness of mass extinction and what we can do to reduce emissions.

These are examples of new forms of artistic activism that have opened up critical dialogue between curators, critics and the public focused on instigating environmental learning through art (Inwood, 2016).

PROVIDE AMENITIES

PROVIDE AFFO TO WORK FOR

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

Image 43. Interior impression of neighbourhood centre

Reference

PROVIDE AFFO C.W

.

Placemaking projects

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

Reference

85

Tactic 24

.

Art projects

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

LOCAL MARKETS

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING FLOWS WITHINLAND/SPACE THE PUBLIC SPACE USE VACANT

PICK-UP POINTS

Create landmarks NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

For example: guiding tours, workshops (like recycling), trash bin painting, no plastic day, neighbourhood scoregame and opening festival, neighbourfood market, community farming/gardens, neighbourhood competitions, thrift markets, water cycling,

Reference An theoretical explanation of the relevance of placemaking is stated in chapter 2 of this report.

Source

Inwood, H., (2016) Leveraging Environmental Arts for Education and Sustainable Futures, Toronto, https://www.thenatureofcities. com/2016/06/16/environmental-arts/

Source

Image source: http://www.capefarewell.com/projects2/current/lovelock-2016-hehe.html

Image source: http://www.archdaily.com/339637/urban-coffee-farm-and-brew-bar-hassell

Image source: http://www.mayalin.com

Image source: http://dagvandearchitectuur-rotterdam.nl/de_luchtsingel.html

BRAND REGION AS HOTS (AMENITIES, IDENT

86

OD UPCYCLING POINTS

CANT BUILDINGS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing CircularLEFT-OVER Lifestyles PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

Tactic 25

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES WORK FOR C.I. LOCALTO MARKETS

ART PROJECTS EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS COWORKING SPACES

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

.

Digital promotion and advertising BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS) DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

CREATING LANDMARKS

ART PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER BRANDING

FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS REGIONSCOWORKING SUCCESFUL SPACES IMPLEMENTATION OF ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY KNOWLEDGE

LOCAL MARKETS NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS

CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

Image 53. Spatial manifestations of digital campaigns

Image 51. Illustration USE VACANT BUILDINGS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

87

WORKSHOP SPACES

Tactic 27

.

Spatial manifestations of digital awareness actions

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

Tactic 26

.

Events, festivals and expositions

CREATING LANDMARKS FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

Image 55. promoting a sustainable event

CREATING LANDMARKS

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

ART PROJECTS

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

DIGITAL PROMOTION ADVERTISING CREATIVE DESIGN ANDAND PRODUCTION CENTRE

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

Image 54. Organic waste is put in the blue bin

Image 56. National Dutch campaign ‘Plastic Heroes’

Statement

Statement

Statement

Reaching a diverse public to make an impact through organizing small scale or larger events that carry out certain messages regarding circularity and sustainability.

Raising awareness through digital means can be enforced by creating identifiable, spatial manifestations.

Most people nowadays are in several ways active online; internet is everywhere, social media is very present (facebook for example, has 9.200.000 users in the Netherlands).

This means that by using digital techniques, the reach of the public drastically increases. Also, logically, the not spacebound aspect of it means that we can also reach far outside of the AMA.

Reference Pakhuis de Zwijger is a creative innovation hub in Amsterdam; ‘independent platform for inspiration, creation and innovation’. They host several events, programmes and run initiatives and projects about relevant topics.

An example is the orange bins and airballoon figure of the ‘Plastic Heroes’. Repeating the orange color of the campaign all over contributes to establishing a certain identity related to their core message.

Digital promotion and advertising as a campaign to promote sustainable behaviour, is for example done by the Dutch National Government by ‘Plastic Heroes’, that aims to get more people to separate their plastic waste.

Source http://www.marketingfacts.nl/statistieken/channel/social_media_ marketing

Source Image source: https://dezwijger.nl/agenda/

Image source: http://www.ddw.nl/evenement/498

Image source: https://www.uu.nl/en/events/sustasty-food-festival

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

BRANDING REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

WORKSHOP SPACES

Image 52. Precedent

Reference

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

Image source: http://eckraus.com/blog/a-convenient-truth-sustainable-brewing

Image source: http://www.packonline.nl/nieuws/milieu-en-recycling/is-plastic-afval-scheiden-te-veel-gedoe

Image source: http://www.alblasserdamsnieuws.nl/wordpress/2012/09/08/wethouder-plaatste-eerste-plasticcontainer-hennie-van-weenen-de-rest/

Image source: hhttp://www.darebin.vic.gov.au/Discover-Darebin/Events/EventsListing/ EventDetail?id={65E739BB-F313-4A0B-8E70-706A190D1D25}

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEME

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATER FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC S

NEIGHBOURHOD CEN

88

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

89

PROJECT INTERVENTIONS Typology Overview Project 1 - To Engage Project 2 - To Demonstrate Project 3 - To Link Cycles Project 4 - To Close Cycles Regional Spatial Impact Map Vision Map

90

Interventions

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

91

Typology Overview

Squares in the Peri-urban Type

The features of the eight different peri-urban typologies have been identified and illustrated with the chosen zones of interventions. The features are generic and are not site specific. They are relevant to other squares in the same region of the same peri-urban typology.

The Urban Fringe

Rural Zones

km 4

What is the Square?

The square represents an zone of 4km x 4km area for analysis and intervention. Though, study and impact of the intervention is not limited to the boundary of the square.

Large Monofunctional Zone

Natural Landscapes

0 0

The Final Focus Zones

Commercial /Business Parks

Greenhouses

Recreational Zones

Large-scale Residential Suburb

km

4

92

Interventions

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

93

Typology Overview Mapping Criteria To study each target zone, the categories identified as relevant to the creative industry (Chapter 03) were used to study each typology

The Legend Amenities_ For the second key element – amenities, the characteristics mentioned in the study are quite straight forward mentioning specific important uses e.g., cultural festivals, outdoor sporting facilities, parks, education facilities, and cafes/restaurants. Location for each use are derived from the landuse map and manual mapping

Identity_ The characteristics mentioned in the study is ‘DNA of the city as a while or specific intra-city areas’. We interpreted this DNA into three main factors, namely landscape attractiveness, cycling culture, and old buildings. Landscape attractiveness are mapped from the study by Lankhorst (2011). ). In addition, landscape features are mapped from the landuse map e.g., water for recreational, forest, dry natural area, and wetlands uses. Cycling culture is mapped from the national, regional, and local cycling paths. Building age are mapped from the maps.amsterdam.nl website with criteria of the year between 1620-1950 that can be considered as old building.

Cluster_ The last key element – clusters, the characteristics mentioned in the study are affordable spaces and old industrial buildings. We then added the new characteristic of current location of creative clusters. Affordable spaces are derived from the property value (maps.amsterdam.nl) and old industrial buildings are derived from the vacancy map (maps.amsterdam.nl). Current creative clusters are derived from research by ABF. Catchment areas are then specified for each component with assumption of reachability by walking and cycling.

94

Interventions

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Urban Fringe Westergasfabriek

Large Mono-Function Type Port of Amsterdam

Commercial Bijlmer (Business Park)

Amenities_

Amenities_

Identity_

Identity_

Cluster_

Cluster_

Synthesis_

Synthesis_

Rural Landscape Purmerand

95

96

Interventions

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Large Residential Suburbs Hilversum

Greenhouses Greenport

Recreational Landscape Almere

Amenities_

Amenities_

Identity_

Identity_

Cluster_

Cluster_

Synthesis_

Synthesis_

Natural Landscape Twiske

97

Interventions

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles TYPOLOGY URBAN FRINGE LOCATION SQUARE: AMS WEST

Target

Significant Actors

Potential Features Potentials are the local existing creative

ATTITUDE (Y)

EXPOSE & ENGAGE

Context

HOUSEHOLDS

8

6

7 11 10

1 westergasfabriek 2 foodcenter 3 farms 4 households 5 wastecollection point Seineweg 6 Paco packaging company 7 Prodock creative workspaces 8 creative bureau X 9 Albert Heijn 10 festival organisators 11 thriftshop Rataplan 12 mediacollege 13 municipality of Amsterdam

13

2

3 4

55 12

9

Square location: Amsterdam West

Stakeholders Cube PO

hub on the Westergas terrain, using specific port industries to develop creative circular processes, using the larger functions (like the Food Center and the waste collection point and the Thuishaven Festival terrain) to reach the public, using the neighbourhood with

(Z)

R WE

daily functions like supermarkets to affect

1

lifestyles, the potential of the infrastructure to increase the audience of spatial interventions, the potential of the The Waste Transformer installation (explained in the Tactic Library),

RE

ST

the potential to include the gardens and farms (X)

into the local food cycle, and the potential to form collaborations with colleges nearby.

Potential Map PORT waste collectionpoint

Most Prominent Material Flows

farms and gardens

P.T. ACCESS

RESIDENTIAL AREA

both connecting the area while causing barriers within.

Combined with the fact that the urban form still offers physical space for interventions, makes the typology suitable for engaging the public locally and affecting people’s lifestyles.

Considering the typology, and the local stakeholders, the cycles of food and waste were most relevant here.

waste waste (products) (products) water

water

heat

heat

energy

energy

waste (products) waste (products) food

food

food waste

flow outside square flow outside square food waste

people

flow inside square people flow inside square

food

food

AEB

AEB

WESTERGASTERREIN

SUPERMARKETS WESTERGASTERREIN

GARDENS

HOUSEHOLDS

HOUSEHOLDS

FOOD CENTRE

NS STATION FOOD CENTRE SLOTERDIJK

NS STATION SLOTERDIJK

RATAPLAN

VACANT RATAPLAN

VACANT HOTEL

PORT HOTEL

PACO PORT

PACO

current current

receiving

or industrial functions, and big infrastructural elements

AEB

distribution

of residential areas, in combination with larger commercial

AEB

receiving

The characteristics of this typology include a large presence

The main objective for this typology is to use neighbourhood interventions and placemaking projects to expose material flows through creative installations in order to engage people in circular processes.

WASTECOLLECT

Objective

WASTECOLLECT MEDIACOLLEGE

WASTE

FARMS SUPERMARKETS

daily functions: supermarkets, schools

MEDIACOLLEGE VACANT

FOOD

CREATIVEHUB

infrastructural boundary <> connecting element

distribution

Typology Urban Fringe

DIVERSE INDUSTRIAL/EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS

many vacant buildings

Westergasfabriek

image source http://www.looselab.nl/eten/restaurant-westergasterrein-amsterdam/

GARDENS FARMS

Neighbourhood with Food Center

FESTIVALS

thriftshop

LARGER FUNCTIONS

THUISHAVEN FESTIVALTERRAIN

TE

THUISHAVEN FESTIVALTERRAIN

IN

VACANT

98

99

Interventions 101

100 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

EXPOSE & ENGAGE

THUISHAVEN FESTIVALTERRAIN

RATAPLAN THRIFTSHOP

- furthermore, all other upcycled products (and products from the latter that could be only temporary used) will go the Rataplan thriftshop. In that way they will find a way to new users. This is also accompanied by a digital platform (which is built upon a now existing app of the municipality., iKringloop).

PACO PACKING

With the identified key points and flows, together with the potentials of the key stakeholders, is defined an alternative scenario through connecting the cycles that appeared most useful for our concept; waste (as in, non-organic waste, like bulky waste, products, furniture) and food.

PORT

Map

!! !!

Waste

proposal proposal

LEGEND TWT

digital visibility awareness through public space/placemaking

waste (products) upcycling process pickup

upcycled waste (2nd life (’new’) products) pickup

distribution

receiving

distribution receiving

270

W/GAS 540

1080

the WasteTransformers installation

water heat energy materials

AEB AEB

m 0

physical visibility of material spots

up!

!!

N

3rd life products food

foodfood

FARM TWT TWT

HOUSEHOLDS

THUISHAVEN FESTIVALTERRAIN THUISHAVEN FESTIVALTERRAIN

WESTERGASTERREIN

WESTERGASTERREIN

SUPERMARKETS

SUPERMARKETS

FARMS

FARMS

GARDENS

GARDENS

HOUSEHOLDS

HOUSEHOLDS

!!

FOOD CENTRE

SUPERMARKETS

!!

!

up!

TWT TWT !!

!

waste waste (products) (products)

FARM GARDENS

C.I. DESIGN

SEINEWEG WASTE COLLECT

!!

!!

AEB AEB

FOOD CENTRE

NS STATION SLOTERDIJK NS STATION SLOTERDIJK FOOD CENTRE

RATAPLAN

HOTEL

TRANSFORM HOTEL DWELLINGS TRANSFORM DWELLINGS RATAPLAN

PORT

PORT

PACO

AEB AEB

PACO

WASTECOLLECT

MEDIACOLLEGE WASTECOLLECT

C. INDUSTRY X MEDIACOLLEGE

C. INDUSTRY X

New sections

The upcycled packaging material, as said, will be used at the Food Center and supermarkets, designed by the new creative cluster in a way that it sends a message towards the consumers.

In collaboration with the Albert Heijn (in first phase, later followed by other supermarkets) there will be established a left-over food shop, next to it. Also the Food Center and the companies on the Westergasterrain will have a left-over food pick-up point. Hereby food waste is reduced. Food that after all will be thrown away, will actually create value, by placing ‘The Waste Transformers’ installations. Organic waste is collected here and transformed into electricity (given back to the households and Food Center), and recovered water (leaded to the surface water). As well the residual heat is used to warm up water for the Food Center. Also a Local Food Project will be initiated by the board, to stimulate the gardens and the farms to produce for the new shops at the Food Center front, for local markets, the new Creative Corner (explained later), and possibly for supermarkets, the Westergasfabriek and the Festivals on Thuishaven as well.

MEDIACOLLEGE

FOOD Currently, the waste from all users is brought to the waste collection point where it mostly gets transported to AEB. In the new situation, a selected part of the waste goes to the Packaging company, that forms a new collaboration with another, interested creative party like a design or artistic bureau that would be manifested in one of the many vacant buildings around. Together they form a small upcycling team. Supplemented by materials from the port if needed. Students of the Media college nearby, are invited to promote the whole and raise awareness also by digital means. So selected waste gets upcycled here, and from there is defined several new purposes for these new products, throughout the square: - products for packaging will go mostly to the food center, a large distribution hub, to be used within that cycle again.

Additionally they will be distributed along local supermarkets or shops.

- objects will be used for placemaking, for example along the road that connects the keypoints, making an educational route out of it, as well as giving it a place in the creative hub at Westergasterrain, or within the festival and entertainment industry, starting with being exposed at the near Thuishaven festivalterrain.

organic (food) waste leftover food pick-up/shop

Elaborating on the changes of flows and ‘engaging and exposing’ by zooming in on the specific highlighted area.

Interventions 103

102 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

EXPOSE & ENGAGE

Design Proposal DIGITAL PROMOTION DIGITAL AND PROMOTION ADVERTISING AND ADVERTISING ADJUSTING PUBLIC ADJUSTING SYSTEM PUBLIC TO CIRCULARITY SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

Reaching the people - Spatial interventions around keypoints of the flows draw attention in order to raise awareness. As mentioned, along the Haarlemmerweg, at the Westergas, at the Wastecollection point, at the Festivals, and along the canal is used upcycled art projects (that has different forms and is used also in participative activities for the neighbourhood set up by the new Creative Corner).

PILOT #2

p p ho ho ifts n ifts n thr apla thr apla rat rat

LOCALFOODPROJECT LOCALFOODPROJECT PLACEMAKING: PLACEMAKING: RECYCLE WORKSHOPS RECYCLE WORKSHOPS GUIDING TOURS GUIDING TOURS

GUIDING TOURS GUIDING AROUND TOURS TWT AROUND TWT SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY WORKSHOPSWORKSHOPS GAME OPENING GAME NBH OPENING FESTIVALNBH FESTIVAL COMM. FARMING COMM. AT FARMING PARC AT PARC NO PLASTIC DAYS NO PLASTIC DAYS TRASH BIN PAINTING TRASH BIN PAINTING WATER PLAY SQUARE WATER PLAY SQUARE WATERCYCLEBOATS WATERCYCLEBOATS

o tec

s

ve ve ati er e ati er e crelustcycl crelustcycl c up c up

km

km

2.7

dirk

km

food

food waste

SUPERMARKETS

creative route

WESTERPARK

FARMS

GARDENS

- With the park functioning as extension of that central spot and its new activities, (initiated by the Creative corner) like the small festival when the Game is opened, or the monthly local food market in collaboration with the Food Center and Local Food Project (farms and gardens). leftover pickup

AEB

PORT

AEB

HOUSEHOLDS

people

palcemaking project

leftover pickup receiving

distribution

food (organic) waste

space, starting point of guiding tours along the installations and the route towards the Westergas).

FOOD CENTRE

multifunctional creativecorner

food

multifunctional creativecorner

water

energy

PORT

palcemaking project

LEGEND

DE RIJPGRACHT PARK

energy

WESTERGASTERREIN

district heating

heat

New Section - zoomed in

ah

WESTERPARK

ah

water

localfoodproject

dirk

3.6

AEB

creative route

ah

s

wa

WESTERGASTERREIN

FARMS

ah

ct

lle

o tec

2.7

SUPERMARKETS

km

3.6

GARDENS

HOUSEHOLDS

FOOD CENTRE

DE RIJPGRACHT PARK

ople

ct

lle

wa

od (organic) waste

T.W.T INSTALLATIONS T.W.T INSTALLATIONS LEFT-OVERLEFT-OVER FOOD POINT FOOD POINT

GAME (SCOREPOINT) GAME (SCOREPOINT) * COMPETITION * COMPETITION

- the more open Food Center front with its shops accompanied by local product of the Local Food Project, and the new Creative Corner in extension to that, that becomes a central multifunctional place for the residents (coworking space, meeting place, local restaurant-café, (sustainability) workshop

od

LFP: LOCALLFP: LOCAL (TRANSFORM (TRANSFORM BUILDINGS)BUILDINGS) FOOD SHOPS FOOD SHOPS F.C. SHOPSF.C. SHOPS

EXPOSED FLOWS EXPOSED FLOWS LOCAL (F) MARKETS LOCAL (F) MARKETS FESTIVAL/EVENTS FESTIVAL/EVENTS PLACEMAKING PLACEMAKING IN PUBLIC SPACE IN PUBLIC SPACE PROJECT* PROJECT*

- This is accompanied by the engaging competitive element of the ‘neighbourhood game’ between the two installations (neighbourhood and Albert Heijn against the large Food Center), with the interactive scoreboard making it inviting to bring your waste.

ergy

LFP: LOCALLFP: FOOD LOCAL FOOD NBH CENTER NBH CENTER WORKING WORKING SPACE WORKSHOP SPACE WORKSHOP SPACE LEFT-OVER SPACE LEFT-OVER FOOD PICK-UP FOOD PICK-UP CAFE-RESTCAFE-REST

UPCYCLEDUPCYCLED USE VACANT USEBUILDINGS VACANT BUILDINGS ART PROJECTS ART PROJECTS

- The TWT installations, that draw attention in itself, but also through placemaking around it, with the exposed flows used in the public space, (where is the (recovered) water in the playsquare when no waste is brought?), pink elements creating recognizition, also for all mobile people passing on the road alongside that is connecting to the centre.

at

PILOT #2

en en av rain av rain ish lter uish lter u th tiva th tiva fes fes

CLUSTERING CLUSTERING CREATIVE CREATIVE CREATIVE CREATIVE COWORKING COWORKING SPACES SPACES INDUSTRIES INDUSTRIES UPCYCLING UPCYCLING POINT POINT

- At the supermarkets, since a large public goes here daily, is where visibility of recycled material comes in by the recycled packaging, and the established leftover pick-up shops.

ter

CREATIVE CORNER (MULTIF.NBH SPACE)

DIGITAL PLATFORM DIGITAL PLATFORM EVENTS, FESTIVALS EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S AND EXPO’S MARKETPLACE MARKETPLACE MATERIALSMATERIALS

CREATIVE CORNER (MULTIF.NBH SPACE)

LEFT-OVERLEFT-OVER FOOD SHOP FOOD SHOP

localfoodproject

- From this new lively spot, carrying out the message of the value of waste and food, exposed flows and art objects continue along the canal, establishing a route towards the existing creative hub at Wester and vice versa, to attract crowds there also towards the new area.

Food Center

104 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

CIx

Creative Industry X

MC

MC = Media College

MU

Municipality Amsterdam

WP

Wastecollection Point Seineweg

PA

Paco packaging company

NBH

EXPOSE & ENGAGE

LEGEND

Timeline

creative projects upcycling

projects

URBAN FRINGE AMSTERDAM WEST DEMONSTRATING LINKING

creative upcycling

CI

policy LEGEND

policy

The Waste Transformers

F

local farms

Food Center

T

Thuishaven festivalterrain

P

Prodock workingspace

R

Rataplan thriftshop

Albert Heijn

CIx

Creative Industry X

MC

MC = Media College

MU

Municipality Amsterdam

WP

Wastecollection Point Seineweg

ASC CuC CC

Paco packaging company

NBH

neighbourhood

BO

building owner

BO PREPARATION TRANSFORM VACANT B. PREPARATION FTG

AWARENESS ACTIVITIES AT SEINEWEG WASTEPOINT

MC

INVOLVE MC

FC CIAH WG MU

food

R+E

new creative upc. cluster new creative corner

multifunctional neighbourhood center, local food restaurant/cafe, meeting place, working space

LFP = local food project HL-WEG = Haarlemmerweg between Westergas and Wastepoint

CC

The construction of the timeline (for the whole square) follows the 3 corresponding phases.

Amsterdam SmartCity new creative upc. cluster new creative corner

multifunctional neighbourhood center, local food restaurant/cafe, meeting place, working space

CI ATTRACT X POLICYCI X ATTRACT LEFTOVERCI FOOD P PRODOCK USE USEWORKING PRODOCKSPAC WORKING SPAC T.W.T INSTALLATIONS

For the first phase; From 2019 till 2021: TWT installations will be placed, food left-over shops or pick-ups established by a policy, neighbourhood game and according opening event would be organised together with the local residents, the preparation for the collaborative creative upcycling takes place, as well as preparations with the local farms and gardens for the Local Food Project.

From 2021 until 2024: placemaking projects are taking form (at the Rijpgracht Park, and the Seineweg wastepoint), the Local Food Project will be running, the transformation of the Food Center front and Creative Corner takes place. The art route along Haarlemmerweg is taking form. As well the adjustment of bins to waste separation bins takes place.

LFP = local food project HL-WEG = Haarlemmerweg between Westergas and Wastepoint

REALISATION PARC /GAME BO TRANSFORM VACANT B. VACANT B. TRANSFORM EXPOSE FLOWS IN STREET

G NBH

MC

CuC

PA INVOLVE PACO INVOLVE PACO DIGITAL PROMOTION

PA

PTWT

ASC

WP

Amsterdam SmartCity

most relevant stakeholder most relevantPstakeholder Prodock workingspace most appropriate incentive most appropriate incentive R Rataplan thriftshop

ATTRACT CI X USE PRODOCK WORKING SPAC

P

WPF

food

relevantLEGEND stakeholder

NBH most

PA

BO

INVITE IN LFP AWARENESS ACTIVITIES AT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES AT WP GARDENS INVITE FARMS IN LFP SEINEWEG WASTEPOINT SEINEWEG WASTEPOINT NBH GAME OPENING FESTIVAL

MC INVOLVE MCINVOLVE MC

DIGITAL PROMOTION DIGITAL PROMOTION 0% FC AH WG

FC AH WG

TWT MU

TWT MU

F

G NBH

R+E

digital action

building owner local gardens

TWT

PA

strategic action

CLOSING EXPOSING & ENGAGING

neighbourhood

G

most appropriate incentive spatial intervention spatial intervention TYPOLOGY URBAN FRINGE TYPOLOGY URBAN FRINGE G local gardens PREPARATION FTG strategic action strategic action F SQUARESQUARE AMSTERDAM WEST WEST AMSTERDAM local farms digital action digital action T Thuishaven festivalterrain EMPHASIS DEMONSTRATING EXPOSING & ENGAGING LINKING CLOSING EMPHASIS DEMONSTRATING EXPOSING & ENGAGING LINKING CLOSING INVOLVE PACO NBH NBH

food creative upcycling

projects

TYPOLOGY SQUARE EMPHASIS

policy spatial intervention

BO

Westergasterrain

AH

FC

LEGEND

FTG

WG

Interventions 105

LEFTOVER FOOD POLICY LEFTOVER FOOD POLICY DEVELOP COLLABORATION CIx WG PA P CuC CREATIVE UPCYCLE POINT

T.W.T INSTALLATIONS T.W.T INSTALLATIONS MU START OBJECT CORRIDOR HL-WEG REALISATION PARC /GAMEPARC /GAME REALISATION EXPOSING ON W.GASTERRAIN T WG EXPOSE FLOWS IN STREET EXPOSE FLOWS IN STREET EXPOSING ON FESTIVALTERRAIN INVOLVE THRIFTSHOP INVITE LFPR INVITEINGARDENS IN LFP G GARDENS F INVITE FARMS IN LFP INVITE FARMS IN LFP WASTEPOINT PLACEMAKING ACTIV. WP AND CORRIDOR ENTRANCE NBH GAME OPENING NBH FESTIVAL NBH GAME OPENING FESTIVAL

R+E

iK

iKRINGLOOP APP

FC

CONSTRUCTION FC FRONT+RIVER 0% 0% OPENING FOODCENTER SHOPS OPENING CREATIVECORNER

DEVELOP COLLABORATION DEVELOP COLLABORATION CIx WG PA P CIx CuC P CuC WG PA PLCM. NBH CC ACTIVITIES PARC CREATIVEATUPCYCLE POINT FC

CREATIVE UPCYCLE POINT

LOCAL MUMARKETS AT PARC

MU

START OBJECT CORRIDOR START OBJECT HL-WEG CORRIDOR HL-WEG

ADJUST PUBLIC SYSTEM (BINS)

MU

T

WG

T

R

R+E

For the second phase, Between 2025 and 2030, most plans of the Food Center will be excecuted (to be completed in 2034).

Along the canal the connecting route (between the new park and the Westergasterrain) with exposed flows will be established during participative activities with locals. The creative upcycling cluster is up and running, and steps (Amsterdam SmartCity event, digital promotion) are undertaken to look forward for new creative industries to develop the cluster further.

As well the municipality is invited to look in a creative way at the existing street lighting and furniture to adjust them to more sustainable standards.

DEFINE NEXT NBH TWT LOCATIONS

WGEXPOSING

ON W.GASTERRAIN EXPOSING ON W.GASTERRAIN DEFINE NEXT NBH FOOD PICK-UPS EXPOSING ON FESTIVALTERRAIN EXPOSING ON FESTIVALTERRAIN R INVOLVE THRIFTSHOP INVOLVE THRIFTSHOP 19%

WP WASTEPOINT PLACEMAKING ACTIV. WASTEPOINT PLACEMAKING

ACTIV. CuC P ASC ADAMSMARTCITY EVENT @PRODOCK AND CORRIDOR ENTRANCE AND CORRIDOR ENTRANCE

WP

iK

iKiKRINGLOOPiKRINGLOOP APP MC

CREATIVE CLUSTER

INVITE OTHER C.I.’S

APP

ADVERTISING

DIGITAL PROMOTING

CuC FC MU

RIVER CONNECTION FCCONSTRUCTION FC FRONT+RIVER CONSTRUCTION FC FRONT +RIVER CORRIDOR TOWARDS WGAS

FC

FIND INTERESTED

CREATIVE HOUSING TRANSFORMATION

FC TRANSFORMATION FINISHED

OPENING FOODCENTER SHOPS OPENING FOODCENTER SHOPS MU ADJUST PUBLIC SYSTEM (FURNITURE, LIGHTS) IN NBH OPENING CREATIVECORNER OPENING CREATIVECORNER NBH CCPLCM.

NBH CC

Urb.Fringe typology other locations

R+EYEARS 2017 R+E

MARKETS ATMARKETS PARC LOCAL AT PARC MUADJUST PUBLIC SYSTEM (BINS) ADJUST PUBLIC SYSTEM (BINS)

MU

2019

85%

ACTIVITIES PARC PLCM.AT ACTIVITIES AT PARC

FCLOCAL

FC

2021

2024

pilot application PHASE 1

19%

CuC P ASC

MC CuC FC MU

MU

CuC P

PHASE 2

PILOT #2

PILOT #3 DEFINE NEXT NBH TWT LOCATIONS DEFINE NEXT NBH TWT LOCATIONS DEFINE NEXT NBH FOOD DEFINE NEXT PICK-UPS NBH FOOD PICK-UPS

19%

2030

square application ASCADAMSMARTCITY EVENT @PRODOCK EVENT @PRODOCK PHASE 2 ADAMSMARTCITY INVITE OTHER C.I.’SOTHER C.I.’S INVITE MC DIGITAL

PHASE 3

2040 regional application PHASE 3

FIND INTERESTED ADVERTISING FIND INTERESTED ADVERTISING

PROMOTING DIGITAL PROMOTING

RIVER CONNECTION CORRIDOR TOWARDS RIVER CONNECTION CORRIDORWGAS TOWARDS WGAS FC TRANSFORMATION FINISHED FINISHED FC TRANSFORMATION

Urb.Fringe Urb.Fringe typology typology other locations other locations

2019

2019

2021

2021

pilot application pilot application PHASE 1 PHASE 1

2024

The measuring indicator for this square would be the percentage of households in the neighbourhood that bring their organic waste to the installation, because this would give an indication of the amount of people to which the awareness of their behaviour has rised to an extend that they undertake actions according to a more sustainable lifestyle.

PUBLIC SYSTEM (FURNITURE, LIGHTS) IN NBH ADJUST PUBLIC SYSTEM (FURNITURE, LIGHTS) IN NBH

85%

YEARS 2017 YEARS 2017

CREATIVE HOUSING CREATIVE HOUSING TRANSFORMATION TRANSFORMATION

CuC FC MU

MUADJUST

The Review + Engage (for the Fix The Gap Board) moment happens after each phase, to reflect on

CREATIVE CLUSTER CREATIVE CLUSTER

PILOT #2

PILOT #2

PILOT #3

PILOT #3

PHASE 2

square application square application PHASE 2 PHASE 2

PHASE 2 PHASE 3

2030

2024

85%

PHASE 3

2040

2030 regional application regional application PHASE 3 PHASE 3

2040

106 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

EXPOSE & ENGAGE

In short, adjustments within the flows of food an waste are introduced, to make them more circular; by establishing new relations between the key stakeholders, using their potentials; and by placing the existing innovative Waste Transformer within neighbourhoods.

Secondly, specific spots are created, in collaboration with (local and new) creative industries, where these flows become visible: these are the placemaking points, where the awareness rises.

Interventions 107

Interventions 109

108 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Context Demonstrating

Significant Actors

Potential Features

Creative Workforce

Square location: Bijlmer, Amsterdam Zuidoost Basic structure of business park typology is: distinction between neighbourhood and business area, the crowd attractor e.g., stadium, concert hall, art centre, etc. and good accessibility (located along highway and main railway). Based on the suitability analysis, this typology shows a characteristic of ‘closed’ area e.g., not easily accessible to amenities within walking

Main stakeholders in this square are ArenA and building owners

distance (since most of the users used car). This analysis is

of the vacant offices. The main added stakeholder is the creative

backed up with the fact that many office buildings in the area are

workforce. Other stakeholders include NS, GVB, data centres,

vacant, especially in the ‘closed’ area. This vacancy is defined as

and Amsterdam Smart City Urban Living Lab. Based on the

the main problem of this business park typology (also baseline

stakeholders and their roles, we identify the opportunities for this

figure for indicator).

typology and identify two potential areas to intervene, namely ArenA plaza and buildings inside the business park. Based on the identified stakeholder roles, we address them with specific interest and spatial tactics that we have developed.

Typology Business Park

Objective The main objective of this typology is demonstrating the inherent circular lifestyles of the creative industry by providing them affordable live/work spaces and associated amenities with access to renewable energy resources.

Most Prominent Material Flows ENERGY

DISTRICT HEATING

DISTRICT COOLING

Interventions 111

110 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Demonstrating

For the main stakeholders (arena, building owners, and CI workforce) the suitable interest tactics are: For ArenA, attention and promotion, as they already have agenda to become the most innovative stadium in the Netherlands with emphasize on sustainability agenda. We can give them the testing ground for them (as in installations in the arena park and in the revamped vacant buildings).

For building owner, we can give them the creative solutions and placemaking strategy in dealing with their vacancy issues. With the creative placemaking, the vacancy issues could be addressed with still giving benefit for the owners in the long-term basis.

For creative workforce, with the main intention of attracting them to actually live and work here, the suitable interest tactic is to provide the space to live, work, and play.

For other stakeholders, we offer specific interest tactics namely: community building (for NS and GVB), global pipelines (for related businesses), innovation (for data centres in using their residual heat and for Amsterdam smart city to collaborate on similar goals).

Align with the main role of CI to demonstrate circular lifestyle, relevant material flows in the area are identified, namely: energy, district heating and district heating.

112 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Demonstrating

Interventions 113

Interventions 115

114 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

In this view, three main things that we provide to attract creative workforce are: retrofitting vacant buildings, make community

Demonstrating

gardens and activities for both creative workforce and for public use. We also provide renewable energy components to become landmarks for this area.

before

after

Interventions 117

116 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

LINK

Design Square - Potentials Overview

+

Production

MonoFunctional

POTENTIALS SQUARE TYPOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS This square, that is located within the Port of Amsterdam and it has some potentials that make it interesting for the FGB, namely the large material flows

TYPOLOGY

PROMINENT MATERIAL FLOWS

in the port and the presence of a green landscape on the many vacant spaces in the port. Also, various recycling companies can be found in and around the square.

However the port does miss a few qualities that are important if we want to intervene using the creative industry here. Firstly, there are few amenities in the port like restaurants, cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and public spaces. Secondly, large areas of the port are poorly accessible by public transportation.

SQUARE

SECTION CURRENT SITUATION

Interventions 119

118 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

LINK

Design +

Production

Therefore we propose an intervention that combines the industrial functions that now governs the port, with other functions to start making the port a place that is used more dynamically in the future .

In this intervention design and production is combined. Structures and materials in the port are reused to make space for the creative class to design and produce their own products using some of the wasted materials collected by the various waste treatment facilities in the port. The main feature of this intervention is an old container ship that is turned into a waste material collection point where designers can come pick up waste materials or raw materials generated by the waste treatment facilities.. They can then use this waste to make their

INTERVENTION

own recycled and upcycled products. This will be combined with a mobile phone app that functions as a platform that connects waste collection companies, waste treatment facilities and the designers. A digital marketplace.

Amenities such as restaurantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, food trucks and public spaces that are integrated with the green landscape of the port will also be

MATERIAL FLOWS

TACTICS USED

added. These are not only for the creatives but also for the other workers of the port. There will also be expositions, small theaters and events to attract the general public to show them circularity and also show them that the port can be a nice place for them to visit.

SECTION

Interventions 121

120 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

LINK

Design +

Production

Currently the port has a vast network of railways that is used for the transportation of products. To make the port more accessible for the public we suggest that intensification of the use of this railway system by adding public transportation to the railway system. This will not only make the port more accessible for the general public but also for its own workers.

The main stakeholder in this intervention is the Port of Amsterdam who is currently leasing the land from the municipality. The port of Amsterdam is a suitable partner for this intervention because it has ambitions of making the port more circular, diversifying itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s industries by for example intensifying the production sector and it also wants to make the port more open for the public (PORT VISION, â&#x20AC;Ś.)

In the first stage a group of willing small creative companies in partnership with AEB and innovation centers will start a pilot project where they will test out this concept on the small scale. In the second stage more established mid sized creative companies will be approached, to continue the concept on a larger scale. Here is where the Material Pick up Point will then be implemented. This will be

Time Line

combined with amenities for the port workers and the general public. as well a as tram line from Amsterdam sloterdijk to the intervention zone.

Main Stakeholders

Stakeholder Incentives

Interventions 123

122 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

LINK

Design +

Production

In a third stage the concept of combining Design+Production can be replicated in other areas of the port by re-using other structures in the port for space like containers, warehouses, oil storage tanks and factories.

It can also be replicated in other Monofuntional zones like

Schiphol airport.

WASTE PICK-UP POINT

VIEW FROM HARBOUR

OPPORTUNITIES FOR REPLICATION INTERVENTION

124 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Interventions 125

TO CLOSE

ATTITUDE (Y)

TYPOLOGY GREENHOUSES LOCATION: GREENPORT

Tourist

9

5 8 7

3 Creative Workforce

10-15

) R (Z

E OW

P

Flora Holland

4 21-24

2

1

Restaurant

Tourism

6

16-20 Households

Greenhouse

Farms

Greenport Aalsmeer is the largest world trade and knowledge

IN

TE

center for the horticultural sector with flower auction

RE

ST

FloraHolland and has great economic influence on the regional,

(X) Local Flower Business

national and even international level.

The main problem in Greenport Aalsmeer is a surplus of obsolete glass area. Without transformation of the obsolete area, more land is in the threat to be taken in the future, this also gives a lot of farmers too little investment potential. In some areas the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

transformation from horticulture to other functions has already started, but the financial need is also huge.

11 12 13

Strategy research institutes

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Technical Research instutes

Tourism business

stakeholder Greenport Aalsmeer Gemeente Aalsmeer Robobank Schiphol region Royal FloraHolland private flower industry SADC business park private green house farms households LTO North Glaskracht Association of Wholesale Trade in Horticultural Products (VGB) Amsterdam Logistics Board Amsterdam Airport Area Project Agency Restructuring of Business Parks WB de Ruimte Wageningen University Agrimaco Terra Incognita Wellantcollege Naktuinbouw VVV Aalsmeer Bike rent Boat rent Tourism bus

interest (x) 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.5 3 1.5 2 1.5

attitude (y) 1 1 2 1.5 2.5 1 2 2.5 2.5

power (z) 3 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 2.5 1.5 1 1

The stakeholder opportunity of Greenport Aalsmeer lies in the synergy of strong establishment base and room for niches. And for a densely populated region like AMA, the spatial opportunity largely relies on the sustainable production by closing the loops, deploying renewable energy and minimize emissions.

The core solution of Greenport Aalsmeer is the sustainable transformation of greenhouse, focusing on the cycle of water,

energy and residue waste. Investing in sustainability is an ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 1.5 opportunity for companies to differentiate and efficiently FOOD FOOD produce and maintain the competitiveness of Aalsmeer itself.

WATERWATER

2

1.5

2.5

1

1

2.5

1

2

According to the Ruimtelijk Visie, from 2015 to 2025, Greenport Aalsmeer will achieve 75% reuse of water, 30% energy saving and 75% reuse of the residue waste. And in our strategy, the complete transformation of obsolete greenhouses will be achieved in year 2040.

NUON

NUON EXTERNAL FOOD INDUSTRY EXTERNAL FOOD INDUSTRY WATER PLANT WATER PLANT

ROBOBANK SCHIPHOL

HOUSEHOLDS STRATEGY RESEARCH INSTITUTES

HOUSEHOLDS

FARM

FARM

TOURISM BUSINESS

TOURISM BUSINESS

PRIVATE FLOWER INDUSTRY

PRIVATE FLOWER INDUSTRY

VACANT GREENHOUSE

VACANT GREENHOUSE

GREENPORT AALSMEER

GREENPORT AALSMEER

SADC BUSINESS PARK

ROYAL FLORAHOLLAD

ROYAL FLORAHOLLAD

TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES

TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES

GEMEENTE AALSMEER

GEMEENTE AALSMEER

WATER

SADC BUSINESS PARK

FOOD

STRATEGY RESEARCH ROBOBANK INSTITUTESSCHIPHOL

ELECTRICITY

Interventions 127

126 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

TO CLOSE

KNOWLEDGE-SHARING RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE-SHARING AND RESEARCH AND DIGITAL PROMOTION TOURISM DIGITAL PROMOTION PLATFORM PLATFORM FUND KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE FUND AND ADVERTISING BRANDING AND ADVERTISING

PROVIDING AMENITIES PROVIDING AMENITIES PLACEMAKING DIGITAL PROMOTION KNOWLEDGE-SHARING PLACEMAKING DIGITAL PROMOTION KNOWLEDGE-SHARING FOR CI FOR CI PROJECT AND ADVERTISING PROJECT PLATFORM PLATFORMAND ADVERTISING

FLORA FESTIVAL PLACEMAKINGFLORA FESTIVAL PLACEMAKING /EVENTS /EVENTS PROJECT PROJECT

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY FOODFOOD WATERWATER

ROBOBANK SCHIPHOL

STRATEGY RESEARCH ROBOBANK INSTITUTESSCHIPHOL

HOUSEHOLDS STRATEGY RESEARCH INSTITUTES

HOUSEHOLDS

FARM

FARM

TOURISM BUSINESS

DIGITAL PROMOTION KNOWLEDGE-SHARING DIGITAL PROMOTION KNOWLEDGE-SHARING LOCAL FLOWER CO-WORKINGCO-WORKING LOCAL FLOWER PHYSICALLY EXPOSED ACCESSIBILITYACCESSIBILITY PHYSICALLY EXPOSED AND ADVERTISINGPLATFORM PLATFORM AND ADVERTISING HUB MARKET HUB MARKET IMPROVEMENT MATERIAL FLOWS IMPROVEMENT MATERIAL FLOWS

TOURISM BUSINESS

1

1

PRIVATE FLOWER INDUSTRY

PRIVATE FLOWER INDUSTRY

VACANT GREENHOUSE

VACANT GREENHOUSE

GREENPORT AALSMEER

GREENPORT AALSMEER

SADC BUSINESS PARK

SADC BUSINESS PARK

ROYAL FLORAHOLLAD

ROYAL FLORAHOLLAD

TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES

TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES

GEMEENTE AALSMEER

GEMEENTE AALSMEER

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WAREHOUSE WAREHOUSE PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES FOR CI RENOVATION RENOVATION WORKING SPACES FOR CI

DIGITAL PROMOTION KNOWLEDGE-SHARING PLACEMAKINGACCESSIBILITYACCESSIBILITY DIGITAL PROMOTION KNOWLEDGE-SHARING USE VACANT USE VACANTPLACEMAKING AND ADVERTISING PLATFORM PLATFORM LAND/SPACE LAND/SPACE PROJECT IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IMPROVEMENT AND ADVERTISING

NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOOD ACCESSIBILITYACCESSIBILITY UPCYCLING POINT IMPROVEMENT UPCYCLING POINT IMPROVEMENT

NATURE QUALITY PLACEMAKING NATURE QUALITY ACCESSIBILITYACCESSIBILITY PLACEMAKING IMPROVEMENT IMPROVEMENTIMPROVEMENT PROJECT IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

TOURISM BRANDING

Water-saving greenhouse Water-saving greenhouse PROVIDING AMENITIES PROVIDING AMENITIES FLORA FESTIVALCO-WORKINGCO-WORKING FLORA FESTIVAL FOR CI FOR CI HUB /EVENTS HUB /EVENTS

Organic product greenhouse Organic product greenhouse Electricity-producing Electricity-producing greenhouse greenhouse

NUON 4

Marina/Dock Marina/Dock

NUON 4

2

2

EXTERNAL EXTERNAL FOOD INDUSTRY FOOD INDUSTRY

Bike point rental/service point Bike rental/service

WATER PLANT WATER PLANT PLACEMAKING PLACEMAKING PROJECT PROJECT

Marina/Dock Marina/Dock Hiking way

Hiking way

Cycling way

Cycling way

5

5

3

Cruise route Cruise route

3

Tourist bus route Tourist bus route 1

1 Flora Holland Flora Holland

2

Creative organic food greenhouse Creative 2organic food greenhouse

3

Creative flora greenhouse Creative 3flora greenhouse

4

Creative livestock greenhouse Creative 4livestock greenhouse

5

Creative Creative 5floating hub floating hub

NUON

ROBOBANK SCHIPHOL

HOUSEHOLDS STRATEGY RESEARCH INSTITUTES

HOUSEHOLDS

FARM

CREATIVE FARM HUB

FLOATING CREATIVE HUB CREATIVE HUB

FLOATING CREATIVE HUB

TOURISM BUSINESS

ORGANIC TOURISM RESTAURANT BUSINESS

ORGANIC PRIVATE FLOWER RESTAURANT INDUSTRY

PRIVATE FLOWER INDUSTRY

VACANT GREENHOUSE CREATIVETRANSFORMED VACANT GREENHOUSE

CREATIVECREATIVE TRANSFORMED HUB

CREATIVE HUB

GREENPORT AALSMEER

GREENPORT AALSMEER

SADC BUSINESS PARK

CREATIVE FLORA HUB

CREATIVE FLORA HUB

ROYAL FLORAHOLLAD

ROYAL FLORAHOLLAD

TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES

GEMEENTE AALSMEER TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES

GEMEENTE AALSMEER

WATER

SADC BUSINESS PARK

FOOD

STRATEGY RESEARCH ROBOBANK INSTITUTESSCHIPHOL

ELECTRICITY

NUON EXTERNAL EXTERNAL FOOD INDUSTRY FOOD INDUSTRY WATER PLANT WATER PLANT

WATER PLANT WATER PLANT

Interventions 129

128 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

TO CLOSE

LEGENDLEGEND policy

TYPOLOGY TYPOLOGY GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE SQUARE SQUARE GREENPORT GREENPORT AALSMEER AALSMEER EMPHASIS EMPHASIS DEMONSTRATING EXPOSING & ENGAGING DEMONSTRATING EXPOSING & ENGAGING LINKING LINKING CLOSING CLOSING FTG

policy

?%

spatial intervention spatial intervention strategic strategic action action digital action digital action

INDICATOR: INDICATOR: GA GREENPORT GA GREENPORT AALSMEER AALSMEER ?% PERCENTAGEPERCENTAGE OF OF TRANSFORMED TRANSFORMEDPS PRIVATE PS SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE TC TOURISM TCCOMPANY TOURISM COMPANY CI

CREATIVE CIINDUSTRY CREATIVE INDUSTRY

FTG PREPARATION PREPARATION TOURISMTOURISM DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES GUIDELINES

Pilot #1 Pilot #1

GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE RENOVATION RENOVATION GUIDELINES GUIDELINES GA

GA PROMOTION PROMOTION GREENERGREENER GREENPORT GREENPORT

GA

GA PROMOTION CREATIVECREATIVE GREENPORT PROMOTION GREENPORT

GA

GA RECRUIETING RECRUIETING TROURISM TROURISM GA

GA

TOURISMTOURISM AMENITIES AMENITIES

CI

CI

FLORA CREATIVE HUB RENOVATION FLORA CREATIVE HUB RENOVATION

Review +Review Engage+ Engage

10%

Pilot #2 Pilot #2

10% GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE RENOVATION RENOVATION GUIDELINES GUIDELINES TOURISMTOURISM DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES GUIDELINES

GA

GA

TC

TC

TC

TC

MARKETING INDIVIDUAL TOURISMTOURISM MARKETING INDIVIDUAL

CI

CI

TECHNICAL SUPPORTSUPPORT TECHNICAL

PILOT GREENHOUSE PILOT GREENHOUSE RENOVATION RENOVATION INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL AMENITIES AMENITIES

Review +Review Engage+ Engage

40%

Phase 2 Phase 2 Neighborhood Neighborhood Application Application

40% GREENHOUSE RENOVATION GUIDELINES GREENHOUSE RENOVATION GUIDELINES

GA

GA

FINANCIAL FINANCIAL SUPPORTSUPPORT PRIVATE GREENHOUSE/AMENITY PRIVATE GREENHOUSE/AMENITY RENOVATION RENOVATION

PR

PR

TC

TC

CI

CI

TECHNICAL TECHNICAL SUPPORTSUPPORT

CI

CI

CO-WORKING FLORA CREATIVE HUB CO-WORKING FLORA CREATIVE HUB

CI

CI

INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL TOURISMTOURISM PROGRAM PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

MORE LOCAL MORE CO-WORKING LOCAL CO-WORKING HUB HUB

Review +Review Engage+ Engage

80%

Phase 3 Phase 3 Regional Regional Application Application

80% MUNCIPAL MUNCIPAL INCENTIVES, INCENTIVES, CONNECTIONS, CONNECTIONS, SUPPORTSUPPORT

Greenhouse Greenhouse TypologyTypology Other Locations Other Locations

PILOT #1 PILOT #1

GA

GA

STRATEGIC/FINANCIAL STRATEGIC/FINANCIAL SUPPORTSUPPORT

GA

GA

INFRASTRACTURE/AMENITY INFRASTRACTURE/AMENITY CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION

CI

CI

TECHNICAL SUPPORTSUPPORT TECHNICAL

TC

TC

PR

PR

PARTICIPATION IN TOURISM PLANNING PARTICIPATION IN TOURISM PLANNING PRIVATE GREENHOUSE/AMENITY PRIVATE GREENHOUSE/AMENITY RENOVATION RENOVATION

PILOT #2 PILOT #2 PHASE 2 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 3

YEARS 2017 YEARS 2017

2018

2018

2020

2020

2024

2024

2030

2030

2040

2040

130 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

TO CLOSE

Interventions 131

Interventions 133

132 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Commercial Type

Greenhouse Type

Existing Spatial Structure

Large Scale Monofunction Type

Urban Fringe

Interventions 135

134 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Existing Infrastructure

Phase 1

Existing Spatial Structure

Existing Spatial Policies

Phase 2

Interventions 137

136 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Future Spatial Impact

Based on the policies and guidelines proposed by the Fix-the-Board, along with the expected impact of each of the interventions in each square and their subsequent replication, we created an estimated map of the foreseeable impact on the spatial structure of the region possibly by the year 2050.

Chapter Title 139

138 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Future Spatial Impact

Compact City

Recreational Energy Landscape

Diversify monofunctional zones

Dynamic Urban Fringe

As consequence of the means we introduce to preserve

Since the recreational typology within the peri-urban

Monofunctional zones like the port of Amsterdam and

For the typology of the urban fringe, between the

the landscape, the urban sprawl will be retained. As a

areas will be facilitating the functions of recreation as

Schiphol will become even more dynamic by not only

city centres and its outskirts, the change we will make

result of that, density enhancing actions will be needed

well as energy production, there will be new landscapes

housing industries but also opening itself up to provide

concerns making boundaries blurred through local

to be taken to still fulfil demands, resulting in a compact

that creatively features either one or combinations of

space and accommodate the people of the AMA. Here,

interventions that change the use of its places. If the

city. This will also reduce the strain on the transport

both.

the peoples daily lives and the large material flows exist

small effects will be duplicated, it means that the

side by side and old large structures in these zone are

relation between the parts within the city will shift. Going

reused to provide space for work, recreation and even

from a focus on the inner city, towards a new developed

living. Large infrastructures that were once only used

purpose and use of the urban fringe. That shift will have

to move products will also move people from one

the impact on the longer term that the fringe becomes

destination to the other.

more dynamic: functioning not only as transition zone,

infrastructure in the region.

but also as a destination in itself.

Inverse Sprawl

Creative Hubs

Greenhouse

Redistribution of city centre identity

Because of more people adopting certain sustainable

By intervening in the peri-urban areas of the region,

The demand for new ideas on the very present

The identity of the AMA will no longer be determined

behaviour, and having stronger relationships towards

we hope that the local placemaking projects will have

greenhouse typology is high. By local interventions in

by the city centre of Amsterdam but will have a more

protecting the natural systems or contributing to them,

spill-over effects on the nearby surroundings and

order to change the flows and make them more circular,

diverse identity that is also influenced by new centralities

this will help natural features within urban spaces

subsequently larger surroundings while setting new

as well as finding new functions for the spaces, new ideas

in the peri-urban zone. By closing, linking and exposing

to increase. Also by the municipalities, for which

trends of development. At the same time, appliance of

are introduced that could be adopted by several other

material flows, having people living sustainable circular

sustainability has become core value, protecting or

the tactics of the pilot projects in other locations, will

stakeholders and invite more creative developments.

lifestyles in combination with placemaking in these

enhancing green structures within the urban areas,

even enhance and multiply these processes. In extension

At the same time, appliance of the tactics of the pilot

areas, the diverse peri-urban of AMA will have a shared

through larger or small scaled interventions would result

to that this will contribute to the regional identity of

project in other locations, will even enhance and multiply

identity of being circular. By including the centralities in

in an inverse sprawl.

creative sustainability and will invite other developments

the processes of transition for this typology. In extension

the peri-urban in the daily lives of people, the people of

and creative establishments to evolve.

to that this will contribute to the regional identity of

the AMA will have a more dynamic use of space in the

creative sustainability.

AMA, releasing the pressure on the city centre.

140 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Regional Vision

Interventions 141

Vision for the Region

By a series of interventions in the different squares throughout the region - we would firstly increase local awareness - thereby affecting lifestyles and peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s behaviours. And secondly, at a regional scale - we are rebranding the AMA as a sustainable circular region.

142 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

143

REFLECTIONS Scientific Contribution Future Research Ethical Reflections

Reflection 145

144 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION

FUTURE RESEARCH

In order to deepen our understanding of the role

to close a material flow and the use of placemaking to

A crucial aspect of this project is the regional impact

of creative industry in this project, we discussed the

directly affect the users in circular economy. Placemaking

of the strategy. The regional impact of the strategy

project with two experts on creative economy from OTB

as one of the main tactic of our project was discussed

discussed in this report relies on the repetition of small

Research Institute TU Delft - Dr. Arie Romein and Dr. Jan

intensely especially the example of projects that they

scale interventions throughout the region based on

Jacob Trip. Three main questions that we raised are -

acknowledge of.

similar typology. However, each intervention has to be designed to fit it’s own context based on site specific

a. We reckoned that there is a transition of trend in AMA

For the second question, they stated that there was no

policy from creative industry / creative city to the circular

attempt in mapping the key elements of creative city –

economy. We asked them to what extent this is true and

at least attempt from them. Nevertheless, they stated

In this project four typologies most suited for intervention

how do they think creative industry can play a role in the

that it is plausible to map them as some of them have

by the creative industry were elaborated and for each

circular economy.

spatial characteristic. They also mentioned a related

one, the pilot project was designed that would serve as

classification of related to spatial quality that creative

an example for further replication in other areas of the

b. In one of the articles (Romein, 2009), they mention

industry seeks e.g., qualities of people, social place

AMA with similar typology.

the key elements of creative city and their main

quality, physical/spatial place quality, and symbolic place

characteristics. We asked them if there is any attempt

quality (Romein, 2010).

in mapping those characteristics as some of them

conditions.

The conclusions drawn from the designs of these pilot projects were then used to determine the regional

have spatial quality e.g., amenities, clusters, and built

Lastly, we concluded that our attempt in linking creative

impact that these interventions could have if they were

environment.

industry with circular economy could be intriguing since

replicated in the region.

the link is plausible. Hence, our project is in the realm c. In another article (Trip, 2015), they mention possible

of exploration and the result might contribute to both

This however does not take into account that every

strategies for the transfer of creativity i.e., ‘agents’.

the subject of creative industry and the topic of circular

repetition of an intervention will also have context

It is mentioned that agents as connector among

economy.

specific solutions that all together will also have an

‘underground’, ‘middleground’, and ‘upperground’ (that include traditional industries). Apart from that

impact on the spatial structure of the region.

References

connection, we enquired on the available studies that

Therefore, in the future we recommend a continuation

show a relation between this creative network and the

Romein, A., & Trip, J. J. (2010). The creative production and

of this ‘research by design’, where the tactics used in the

user.

consumption milieu. Creative City Challenge, Framework

pilot project are tested on other locations with similar

Report. Delft: Delft University of Technology.

typologies.

circular economy, they argued that the starting point

Romein, A., & Trip, J. J. (2012). Key elements of creative city

By doing this it is possible to sharpen the tactic library

of our line of reasoning should start from the point of

development: An assessment of local policies in Amsterdam

shown in this report and also get a more elaborate

view of the circular economy – not from the point of few

and Rotterdam. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos of Madrid.

understanding of what the regional spatial impact of this

For the first question, in linking creative industry and

of the creative industry. The argument is based on the

strategy is.

notion of creative industry as an ‘agents’ themselves

Trip, J. J., & Romein, A. (2015). Fostering regional innovation

(mentioned in the third question), with circular economy

by unlocking creativity and organizing creative industries. Delft

as the ‘umbrella’, specifically for our project. To think

University of Technology.

from the circular economy’s point of view, they stated

three possible dimensions of the circular economy, namely behaviour, technology, and urban form. The last dimension – urban form and spatial configuration of the circular economy is the potential dimension that can link circular economy with the creative industry. We then explored on how the creative industry can influence the urban form/spatial dimension e.g., the use of technology

Reflection 147

146 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

This research design project seeks to address the

Technical Features

disassociation between the abstract concepts of

ETHICAL REFLECTION

sustainability and people’s lifestyles, within the context

The project seeks to achieve large scale impact using

of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region (AMA). Briefly,

regional level policies and small scale projects. The

the project is determined within the backdrop of the

small-scale nature of the interventions ensures easy

municipal body’s agenda towards a circular economy

procurement of investments and project implementation.

in the AMA, but statistics at a household and individual

Promoting the creative industry to re-brand the identity

scale seem to undermine their efforts. The main strategy

of the AMA region, ensures that all scales of stakeholders

is to design a framework to achieve sustainable urban

are invested in the sustainability agenda. But, at the

development and circularity in the use of resources,

same time, the full impact of the small-scale projects in

buildings, and infrastructure. The strategy includes

long-term, large scale level is difficult to predict.

small scale interventions specific to peri-urban typology to create a regional network of interventions. For the

In order the use the creative industry as a catalyst to

purpose of this project, it was important to reflect on the

enhance the circular economy, the strategy includes

ethical dimensions of the project.

incentives specifically for the creative industry by providing amenities and policies favouring them.

Societal Ethical Features

However, this could lead to an imbalance with other industries in the region. Also, the promotion of the

The core of the project includes social sustainability.

creative class in other metropolises has resulted in

Sustainable policies can only succeed when people

unaffordable spaces for middle-income and lower-

are involved in a collaborative manner, where they can

income groups. This may result in a decline in cultural

have a say in the transformation of the built environment

diversity and tolerance, and may make reduce the

(Dillard et al., 2008). The present sustainability agenda of

competitiveness of the region (Nefs et al., 2016).

the AMA municipal corporation, talks about large scale policies and strategies, like waste-to-energy incineration program, but the percentage of waste separation at a household level is much lower in the region than comparable European cities (Gemeente-Amsterdam, 2012). The Mind-the-Gap Strategy on the other hand, takes on a people centric approach to achieve the larger sustainable goals. A circular economy, and the sustainability can only be attained, if there is a shared societal value. The strategy includes civil societies, as a crucial stakeholder in the project.

While this can be understood as a positive feature of a regional strategy, the project walks a fine line between promoting sustainable lifestyles and a social engineering project. Social Engineering (Hadnagy, 2010) is the “act of manipulating a person to take an action that may or may not be in the target’s best interest. This may include obtaining information, gaining access or getting the target to take certain action.” But the project needs to consider if human manipulation is the price for a “greater good”.

References Dillard, J., Dujon, V. and King, M. C. (2008) Understanding the social dimension of sustainability. Routledge.

Gemeente-Amsterdam (2012) Towards the Amsterdam Circular Economy. Amsterdam.

Hadnagy, C. (2010) Social engineering: The art of human hacking. John Wiley & Sons.

Nefs, M., Geuze, A. and Bos, E. 2016. Blind spot.

Deltametropolis Association.

148 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

149

APPENDIX A: Individual Reflections B: Creative Industry Mapping C: References D: Team

A: Individual Reflections 151

150 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Selina Abraham

A: INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS

The regional design strategy that we put forward in

personal concerns are that while designing for landscape

this report, evolved each week based on the lectures

at a larger scale (especially at a regional level) often result

and workshops of the Spatial Development Strategies

in spaces that neglect the human scale. But as I studied

(SDS) and the Capita Selecta. The four SDS workshops

the subject further, I understood how a strong landscape

that made a significant impact were the Roles of the

strategy can benefit the metropolis. Based on this, the

Vision and Strategies from the Perspectives of Urban

final strategy included landscape protection guidelines.

Planning and Phasing Strategies by Vincent Nadine, the

This became one of the objectives, a strong landscape

Landscape based Regional Design by Steffen Nijhuis and

metropolitan identity, that would attract highly skilled

the Actor Analysis Methodology by Marcin Dabrowski.

workers to region. The landscape would not only be a place-making tool, but also contribute to the region’s

Considering that Regional Spatial Design is unfamiliar

economy.

ground for me, Nadine’s first lecture was very insightful.

Individual Reflections of the group documenting the impact of the SDS (AR2U085: Spatial Development Stratgies) Workshops on the overall project and the role in the group.

He elaborated specifically, on the difference between

Dabrowski’s workshop on Stakeholders, helped us

plans and strategies. Having worked as an urban planner

understand the vertical and horizontal influence of

before, it helped me reflect that many projects and

actors. Based on this, we developed a spatial and policy

Master Plans created in my home country often fall into

tactic library that would be coupled with the interests

the spectrum of a plan, these are often rigid and do not

of and incentives to local actors for each project. At a

evolve with the needs of the metropolis. To illustrate with

larger scale, we made a conscious decision to include

a simple example, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi

a representative from the fix-the-gap board at each

(MCD) has undertaken multiple “demolition drives” of

municipality, considering their participation was critical

illegal settlements over the last decade based on the

in the project. At the local level projects, we included

legal authority that the Master Plan of Delhi provides

influence actors like super-market chains, providing

them. However, they have not addressed the need for

them incentives to participate.

more affordable housing in the region. Further, Nadine’s lecture on phasing also helped us address how to set

And lastly, the Planning Game by Roberto Rocco, was

parameters in our strategy so that it can evolve over

crucial in not only taking a position on the kind of planner

time. As a result, we set a task force or a governing

(the advocate planner) that I would like to be, but also

body (the fix-the-gap board) that not only oversees the

helped in developing skills to argue for and defend our

implementation of the projects, but also considers the

project.

progress of each project, based on indicators. In the case our project, our indicators needed to show a more

To conclude on my position in the group, I had a varied

sustainable way living in the region. For example, we

set of roles in the project. One of the key roles was

used quantifiers, like the amount of people separating

representing the project to convey our story to our peers

organic waste. We set a stage where we can engage

and tutors. I also had the task to structure the overall

with stakeholders and review the success (or failure) of

storyline, including the design ideas and interests of

the project. This would help the board, self-evaluate

the other group members, to subsequently produce a

the project and transform it based on the time-specific

cohesive project. I was also responsible in developing

needs and resource limitations of the location.

the larger regional strategy to make the local design interventions effective at a metropolitan scale.

Further, the lecture by Nijhuis helped us understand the need for considering strategies for the landscape.

Though, my initial reaction was that of skepticism. My

A: Individual Reflections 153

152 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Eva Labrujere

Yue Mao

The interpretation of the knowledge in general, was

Board, an essential element for our regional design.

As an architecture student with zero knowledge of Urban

the application of knowledge in the project work always

quite straightforward. The fact that there were interactive

This helped the development of the strategy, because

Planning before, it took me a while to understand why

comes few weeks later; However, in the last session of

workshops and the fact that topics were more or less

certain choices and arguments were very dependent on

so many debates are needed to turn over and formulate

roadmap, my group and I finally managed to form the

synchronised with studio progress, helped to improve the

that particular position.

the arguments over and over again in the process of

basic structure of roadmap right in the course and think

design. And as an anarchist, it also took me a while to

of engagement and indicators, which is actually a crucial

efficiency of taking in the knowledge. Following, within the studio work, for appliance of the knowledge, it was

Another

analysis

figure out why we all need to look into and include a

part in many outstanding planning paradigms such as

especially helpful that often was included production of

workshop. It helped to map the field of stakeholders,

municipal strategy – Circular Economy – in our liberal

Hong Kong 2030+ and Vancouver Greenest City Action

actual products, that functioned as a step ahead in the

nevertheless we needed a method to really implement

academic project.

Plan. Then the story became complete.

thought process towards the studio product.

it within the regional design. We decided to use the three-dimensional method of classifying stakeholders

Because planning is dealing with a complex system

Besides all the SDS sessions, I’m additionally grateful

One example is the first session held by Vincent Nadin,

according to their power, interest and attitude, to identify

involving different stakeholders and ‘long duree’, not

that we picked up a very interesting topic, had a lot of

that was an interesting and actually quite fundamentally

the stakeholders for each square locally. The naming of

everything goes as the good intention goes. Thus as

exhausting long discussions and debates to question

relevant lecture about the meaning of strategies and

the types of stakeholders related to their place in the

planners, instead of designing a firm decision – which

the logic line, also had a lot of group jokes such as ‘Mind

plans and its distinction. Concerning the desirable

‘cube’ was quite useful to discover their position towards

is actually way beyond our scope - we need to convey a

the Gap’ and ‘Fix the Gap’ and make them actually

end as a process, the construct of a narrative (with the

us. To actually translate that and add meaning to the

convincing goal out of good cause, which in our case is

stay in the project till the end. We were asked a funny

needed steps to undertake to be able to get there),

strategy, we came up with forming a set of incentives

the spatial vision, and guide a way how this goal can be

question in the last R&D studio: Have you changed your

like the approach in a strategy. But the question arises

on the basis of what we , in the position of the creative

achieved by the joint force of society, which is shown in

lifestyle ever since you do this project? I think yes, I’m on

whether the adaptiveness of possible insecurities that

Fix The Gap board, have to offer towards a certain

the form of development strategy.

the way to become a vegetarian, on the way to positively

the time-dimension brings to strategies in comparison

party. Just like the list of spatial tactics, it provided our

with blueprint planning, makes it less strong or powerful

strategy with certain more (generic) ‘stakeholder tactics’

This understanding of the differences between plan

mass, and most of all, on the way to have fun surfing in

in terms of reaching the desirable end. So the challenge

in ways to approach a party in order to engage them

and strategy in the first session personally helped me

this unknown field of planning.

was to find a combination of these two, and still guard

in the (specific) project. So based on the position of a

a lot to know how the coming sessions synergistically

the assets of each. The tools we got from the lectures,

stakeholder towards us, in the 3D-model, and based on

compose the whole picture of a strategic planning.

form the elements of the strategy; all to become well

what we could mean for them in order to create a mutual

For example, in site-specific design, the stakeholder

implemented, as an integrative whole, as steps towards a

beneficial relationship, the right strategic incentive could

analysis actually plays a decisive role in the timeline;

complete regional design. For our group the beginning

be considered.

and the material flow analysis, which is bit confusing

example

was

the

stakeholder

understand policies, on the way to get out of the silent

for me in the beginning, in the end decided the theme

phase was predominantly characterized by forming the base of that: a vision. Thanks to similar personal interests

Reflecting on my individual role within the development

of the strategic project. This is how tools are placed in

and values within the group, encountered in an extensive

of the strategy, it happened to be that ‘my’ square,

the plan cycle. Another aspect of knowledge that SDS

amount of discussions, we were able to form a strong

became the first one that was chosen to be elaborated

sessions offer is the strategies and policies themselves.

vision that was shared by everyone. That would become

further on. Since our project had quite an explorative

For instance, Atelier Zuidvleugel in Stedenbaan lecture

the starting point for constructing our narrative.

character, it became a test case for the other squares,

shows how a board can play a coordinator role, which

to find out methods and approaches that work well or

triggers the occurrence of our ‘Fix the Gap Board’, and

This first lecture helped to ask ourselves strategic

did not.

the typology-based strategic project approach also

questions (which must lead to ‘desirable outcomes’),

Further, within the group I tried to guard the structure

gives a way to categorize our fragmented site choices

that we rethought several times. It also invited us already

for the group, both for the strategy as a whole content

in the beginning and thus make the argument more

in the beginning of the regional design to think about

wise, as for the way of working. Because I felt like that

comprehensive. Also, Greenport Westland inspired me

governance, according to the ‘horizontally and vertically

was sometimes slightly lost with the amount of five with

a lot how to transform the ‘ugly’ greenhouse area into a

crossing of borders’. That lead to discussions about what

a not so strong urge of management. I liked to provide

diverse-functional area.

we were actually aiming for, who we want to convince,

work structures and agreements, steering to collectively

the position that we would want to take. Later on, this

reflect our progress to decide what’s next, what to do

Nevertheless the reflection is not always quick and easy.

resulted in the decision of introducing the Fix the Gap

and look ahead.

In the first few sessions such as material flow analysis,

A: Individual Reflections 155

154 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Rashid Ayoubi

Reza Pradana

This section is meant to reflect on the Spatial Design

I will mention the three most important. The first is

The regional design process started with individual

the solutions can be simulated with certain modification

Strategy (SDS) lectures given alongside the research and

making material flows visible and combining that with

interest

design,

in other location with the same typology. With the

design studio and to reflect on the effect of lectures on

placemaking to raise awareness and teach people how to

specifically in AMA context. My idea was to raise the

understanding of stakeholder’s roles and tactics that we

the group’s work.

live more circular lifestyles by showing them an example

question that was raised by Hagerstand back in 1970,

used, we then developed an implementation timeline

and how it works. The second was starting with a small

“What about people in regional science?”. It is intriguing

addressing specific issues and objective in the typology.

There were 2 SDS sessions that in my opinion was

scale project to test and show how it works and then

to focus on people’s lifestyle in the context of this project

The critical milestone in our timeline is the review and

import in the group’s process. The first was the ‘Methods

replicating these principles in other place where they

– circular economy in regional design, as the mainstream

engage phase that we developed during the SDS

for Spatial Analyses and Intervention in line with a

are needed locally while together having an impact on

approach is generally to deal with the material flows in

workshop with Vincent Nadin.

Circular Economy’ where we quickly got a much better

the larger scale. This idea developed into our strategy

the region. We thought of creative industry as potential

understanding of the material flow’s in the AMA, which

of using typologies to repeat small interventions so

agents to bridge t disassociation of the abstract concept

With elaborations of the four typologies, we then

was a confusing subject us in the beginning. The second

together they can have a regional impact.

of circular economy to the people.

analysed the impact to the region. We did this by

was the actor analysis, where using the ‘interest, power,

The last and most important was the realization that

attitude’ graph proved to be a good tool for us to get an

when repeating an intervention in another location it

After further elaborations and discussions, particularly

each typology. Based on these typology connections,

insight on what stakeholders are important.

can not be blindly copied but has to be custom fitted

the SDS workshop about material flow analysis with the

and the understanding of the regional spatial structure,

to each context and that’s where the creative industry

REPAiR team, we narrowed down our project scope to

we developed an intended regional impact and vision

comes in.

focus on the circularity in people’s lifestyle – instead of

map. The latter process of regional impact has not been

regional circularity. Our decision to narrow down our

elaborated deeply in compare to the former processes as we tend to focus on the typological interventions.

However, there was one lecture that was not given in the SDS course but in the capita selecta lecture series that

and

understanding

of

regional

analysing the connection between different locations in

has to be mentioned since in my opinion it was of big

To me personally the Capita Selecta (CS) lectures

scope was intended to provoke another perspective

importance for our project and it helped us strengthen

were more helpful than the SDS session because our

- as I understand the essence of a regional design, in

our framework and concept. This was the lecture given by

project really focusses on reaching the people and the

implementing circular economy with respect to current

In the end, focusing on people’s lifestyle gave a distinct

Ooze Architects.The lecture shows an art installation they

CS lectures gave practical examples of what it’s like to

trend in the AMA (high concentration of creative

identity to our project, yet the relation to regional design

designed that cleans water from a nearby canal by letting

implement circular economy in real life.

workforce and landscape attractiveness).

– apart from the identity is still to be explored. Moreover, for this project to focus on creative industry as the

the water go through the installation which includes a toilet, water purification vegetation and a community

As for my personal contribution to the strategy, my most

The next step is to develop an implementation strategy. In

agents is intriguing, yet to some extent limit our project

garden along with drinkable water coming out of the

important contributions are in the beginning stages,

our project, we used the conclusions of the three analysis

in relation to the circular economy theme. Apart from

installation which engages people to participate in this

where by analyzing projects like the one mentioned

(material flows, creative industry mapping, and regional

that, our discussion with Arie Romein and Jan Jacob Trip

circular activities. This one art installation can not clean

above and combining it with my own observations like

spatial structure) to seek for focus areas specifically

about the relation between creative industry and circular

the canal of course but that was not the intention of the

the picture of the trash under the recycle sign taken at

with typological approach based on the regional

economy is helpful to shape our project as exploration

project. The intention was to combine placemaking with

Buiksloterham I provided the group with a framework on

spatial structure. This typological approach is useful

project that hopefully useful for both subjects.

an installation that makes circular processes visible and

top of which we build our project.

for then defining the implementation factors, namely

also engages people to participate. By the right people

stakeholders and timeline. Based on the stakeholder

together at this installation interest was generated for

categorization criteria developed in the SDS workshop

this installation to be repeated along the canal where

by Marcin Debrwoski (interest, attitude, and power), we

together they can have an actual effect on the canal.

defined a role for each stakeholder in each typology. Out

They then repeated the concept of cleaning water using

of four selected typologies, I specifically worked on the

vegetation in Rio de Janeiro but instead cleaning a

business park typology. We then developed incentive

canal their goal was to clean the sewage system and the

tactics to addressed each stakeholder roles and spatial

concept was adjusted to fit to the Brazilian context and

tactics to spatially implement the project. This tactic

the resources available there.

approach is partially inspired by the SDS lecture from Nico Tillie when he developed certain interventions that

By analyzing this project we gained many insight that

can be replicated principally to other location in the

developed into the backbone of our project. Here

Rotterdam region. This approach is important so that

B: Mapping the Creative Industry 157

156 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

General Economic Conditions

B: SPATIAL MAPPING OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRY

This section features additional maps created to support the Spatial Mapping of the Creative Industry.

It includes the following maps - general economic conditions -flood risk map - CI: Identity -CI: Amenities - CI: Existing Clusters - CI: Synthesis

Flood Risk Map

B: Mapping the Creative Industry 159

158 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

CI Spatial Mapping: Existing Clusters

CI Spatial Mapping: Identity

CI Spatial Mapping: Amenities

CI Spatial Mapping: Synthesis

C: References 161

160 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

REFERENCES Amsterdam-Economic-Board (2014) ‘Clusterstrategie Creatieve Industrie 2014-2020 - Naar een Europese toppositie door demonstreerbaar leidend te zijn in innovatief en creatief vermogen’. Available at: https://www.amsterdameconomicboard.com/publications/clusterstrategie-creatieve-industrie-2014-2020.

Amsterdam-Metropolitan-Area (2016) MRA Agenda 20162020, Amsterdam.

Burton, E., Jenks, M. and Williams, K. (2003) The compact city: a sustainable urban form?: Routledge.

Campbell, S. (1996) ‘Green cities, growing cities, just cities?: Urban planning and the contradictions of sustainable development’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(3), pp. 296-312.

Caspers, M. (2013) Chances for creative talent in Parkstad Rotterdam: Urban regeneration in Rotterdam-Zuid based on the development of a vital local creative economic cluster.

Masters Thesis, TU Delft, Delft.

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162 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Image. The Team, (from left to right) Selina, Rashid, Eva, Yue and Reza (Caca) Photograph Credits - Matias Piaza (2017)

D: The Team 163