STUDIO AIR JOURNAL PART A YUJING WANG
PART A
CONCEP
PUALIZATION
CONT ENTS
A.0 INTRODUCTION A.1 DESIGN FUTURING 1.1 CASE STUDY 1 1.2 CASE STUDY 2 A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION 2.1 CASE STUDY 1 2.2 CASE STUDY 2 A.3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION 3.1 CASE STUDY 1 3.2 CASE STUDY 2 A.4 CONCLUSION A.5 LEARNING OUTCOME A.6 APPENDIX
A.0 INTRODUCTION
I am Yujing Wang, a third year architecture student in the university of Melbourne. I choose architecture because it holds the ability to give from to an idea that otherwise would just remain intangible in the minds. After two years of study, i find that architecture not only represents ideas. it also generates ideas through visualization and diagramatic methods. By taking the earth and water studio in the last two years of study architecture, i realized that my interest lie in visualsing architecture and architecture therory, particularly the complex and ever changing relationship between the rational and emorional humanity, life style and social regulations. The architecture reflects our ever changing beliefs, practices and attitudes. The tectonic studies of earth studios was really helpful and inspiring for me. They helped me to break down the complicated design into the smaller pieces of every week and understand the rationally behind them. The model of earth is the interpration of the secret space to reflect the humanity and contains the human activities in both underground and aboveground. Also, the presedent research was another useful session of my design. Learning from the presedents was not only about simply copying and shape, but also follow the spatial organization and spirits.
Also, the water studio lead me to learn from the master--Louis Kahn. I receive lots of theory and tecniques of architecture by using the symmertrical and geometrical building form. At the same time, my water building also highlights the lighting performance and people circulation. That let me know that architecture is the functional method to achieve the value of society.
A.1 DESIGN FUTURING
“ In today’s ultranetwarked world, it makes more sense to think of design as a process that continuously defines a system’s roles rather than its outcomes. ” ---John Thackara
1
Architecture, which defines people’s bahaviours and ways of living, is no longer about apperence nor style. We see the growing importance of design as it shapes the perception of material world. 2 We can assert that the architecture is the celebration of rational and emotional thinking and reflect the personality of human. At the same time, architecture style create a range of fashion trends in the world nowadays. Architecture design is a haven for creativity and artistry, also private the visual enjoyment for human. Secondly, architecture design should combine and mirror the local social circumstances and cultures to enhance the positive effects ot the world. As what Brad mentioned in 3 the lecture, ‘architectures should become the facilitator of flow’. According to Fry, in order to achieve sustainability, not only the design process and techniques should be changed, but also the ideology and entire mindset.2 The evolutionary design intelligence should be introduced. Intelligent design has been the diligent workhorse of human progress. It has shaped politics, math, literature,science and more. There is good reason for us to cherish it, to upload it as perhaps uniquely human. Additionally, sustainability is now a buzzword both among professionals and scholars. However, though climate change and resource depletion are now widely recognized by business as major challenges, and while new practices like ‘green design’ have emerged, efforts towards change remain weak and fragmented. Design futuring systematically presents ideas and methods for design as an good option to respond the ethical, political, social and ecological norms and leisure need of human. 1. Thackara John (2005). In the Bubble: Designing in the complex world ( Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), p.224 2. Tony Fry (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practices (Oxfords: Berg), pp. 1-16 3. Wood, John (2007). Design for Micro-Utopias: Making the Unthinkable Possible (Aldershot: Gower)
The khaleesi tower, a sig example for us when we ture trends. Unconventio and mondernism. In New Conversely, the concep significant feeling for res located in the facade, i technologies and fabric es, or in this case, how to lutely, the Khaleesi towe transparency details of t additions to the build en In other wise, there have style of this tower aims to highly respectation for th NYC. Also, the parametr Furthermore, for the futu begin to be more cogita more connotative and d
FIG. 1: This ornate concept skyscraper was inspired by ‘Game of Thrones’, http://www.businessinsider.com/the-khaleesi-skyscraper-plan-in-nyc-20
1.1 CASE STUDY 1 KHALEESI TOWER
gnificant project which contains lots of fusing gothic gargoyles and futuristic skyscraper, can be a good e talk about design futuring. In my opinion, this can be a important kind of prediction for the future architeconally, the purpose ot this architects were to advocate the architecture which highlights the consumerism w York, there have too many architectures have the similar features and still keep the conservative design. pt of Khaleesi tower aims to demonstrate the freedom, luxury and elaborated design feature to bring out the sidents and audiences.The design feature which is worthly to mention is the special treatment and sculpture it not only a functional residential and commercial building, but also a media to introduce the new design cation methods. ‘Design is thinking of a great many things like how a building appears from different distanco make each floor unique to the tower,” Gage explained in a project statement. At the same time, absoer creates the new trend which represent the paramatric design included the high resolution and ethereal the facade. And yet current technology is opening up possibilities for unpresedentedly bold and aweinspiring nvironoment.4 e another feature about design futuring of this builiding made it become more profession. The decorative o follow the spirits from the medieval monastery and gothic building, even the myth. This features show the he past traditions and cultures. They are meaningful to located it at the most trendy and metropolitan city-ric design heip designer to complete this complicative design elements. ure social influences, because the mixed comments for the design of this tower emerged, more audients ative and critical to the design and they will encourage designers to be more sensitive and efficient to create distinctive architectures. These can be seem as the power of architecture in the future probably.
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4. Aesthetics as politics: The Khaleesi Tower on West 57th Street, NYC. Mark Foster Gage, Architectural Design, Volume 86, Issue 6. DOI: 10.1002/ad.2106
FIG. 2: This ornate concept skyscraper was inspired by ‘Game of Thrones’, http://www.businessinsider.com/the-khaleesi-skyscraper-plan-in-nyc-2015-12?IR=T
1.2 CASE STUDY 2 WHITE TREE HOUSE Additionally, Japanese architect Sou Fujimoto designed plans for a tower block shaped like a pine cone with balconies sprouting outwards in all directions, as part of a series of “modern follies” underway in Montpellier, France. The White Tree Tower has 17-storey mixed-use tower will follow Fujimoto’s ideology that architecture should reflect forms found in nature. From the project’s concept phase, the architects were heavily inspired by Montpellier’s tradition of outdoor living. This builiding inspired by the efficient properties of natural environment--trees. This is the combinational function building including restauant, art gallaery, offices, bar with balconies view and other common area. The designer attempt to install the functional area by using lots of facade treatment. They put large range of functional area at the outside of builiding.These kind of option let the apperance of house doesn’t only limited by aesthetic effects but also contains the social effects and become the important media for human daliy life. Also, The curvature serves two purposes because this part of the facade offers the best exposure and viewpoint but does not block the view for neighboring residences. Located at the crossroads of several major thoroughfares, including the Lez river and the motorway, the project will also encompass the extension of the riverside park. This attainable passage will make the interesting representaion of the residents’ curculation and these kinds of design attract more attentions from the tourists. At the same time, considering about the future possibilities, this kind of design also encourage the human communication with the natural environment and biology. The balconies are proportioned to make people gravitate toward the outdoors, like leaves fanning out to soak up the warm nourishing sunlight. The large opening of the room will decrease the consumption of the artificial lighting then decrease the energy usage. This is the good way to improve the environmental sustainability.
A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION
Before t mathem of know ties, wh Then th The des tion in a are con focus o applica In respo from the declinin Over th allows h better k puter A design t of objec compu its relati architec found in the dom system architec essentia design b
4. Tony Fry, 5. J. C. R. Li
the evolution of digital technologies, building techniques were derived through compelx metical testing, physical experiments and even more lessons learnt from failure. Limitation wledges and time cunsuming process of testing has long been a barrier to design possibilihich past design ideas were geometrically and methodically bounded by these constraints. he development of computation has move forward to a new area of design methodology. sign computation technology inquires into the varied nature and practices of computaarchitectural design, and the ways in which design meaning, intentions, and knowledges nstructed through computational thinking, representing, sensing and making. The designer on the development of innovative computational tools, processes and theories, and the ation of these in creative, socially meaningful responses to challenging design proglems. onses to the underlying ‘defuturing’ state, the consequences of our designs handed down e past are beginning to expose its apparent repercussions. Growing pressure to reverse ng conditions have initiated a new form of formal design thinking within the past decades. his period, many have begun to establish a mutual relationship with digital devices that humans to work with nature to produce desirable outcomes in the field of architecture, known as ‘human-computer symbiosis.’5 For example, the current transition from ComAided Design (CAD) to Computational Design in architecture represents a profound shift in thinking and methods. Representation is being replaced by simulation, and the crafting cts is moving towards the generation of integrated systems through designer-authored utational processes. While there is a particular history of such an approach in architecture, ive newness requires the continued progression of novel modes of design thinking for the ct of the 21st century. It includes multifaceted reflections and speculations on the pronfluence of computational paradigms on architecture. It presents relevant principles from mains of mathematics and computer science, developmental and evolutionary biology, science and philosophy, establishing a discourse for computational design thinking in cture. Rather than a merely technical approach, most professional designer will discuss al intellectual concepts that are fundamental not only for a discourse on computational but also for its practice.
Design Futuring Sustainability, Ethics and New practice. (Oxford: Beng. 2008), pp. 16. (pp. 4) icklider, ‘Man-computer Symbiosis’, IRE transaction on human factors in Eletronics, volume HFE-1, (1960), PAGES 4-11.
2.1 CASE STUDY 3 ICD-ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION This design piece is the typical reflection of the design computation. Firstly, for the functionality and material fabrications, this pavilion and research project broke the bounderies of people’s conceptions of the limitations of common meterials. In this kind of design case, Digital programs were essential properties to modelling these as tectonic systems and experimenting through parametric modelling the forms and structures this could create. The case located in the University of Stuttgart, It have completed a new research pavilion demonstrating the robotic textile fabrication techniques for segmented timber shells. The pavilion is the first of its kind to employ industrial sewing of wood elements on an architectural scale. It is part of a successful series of research pavilion which showcase the potential of computational design, simulation and fabrication processes in architecture. Considering the benefits of using design computations, nearly every architect uses a computer. Whether it’s for 3D modeling, documentation or even creating a program spreadsheet, computers are well entrenched within the profession. Architects now need to know almost as much about software as they do about structures, building codes, and design. As our tools become more powerful and sophisticated, we need to evolve and develop our working methods in order to stay competitive. At the same time, the design computation help us to pursue the multidimention design modelling and more
possibilities of spatial organization and constrctions. This options will bring out the higher effiency for creation and fabrication. Refer to the “THEORIES OF THE DIGITAL IN ARCHITECTURE”, Within the last decade the appearance and evolution of the digital in architecture in integration with new digital technologies have begun to produce what might be termed a Vitruvian effect In synthesizing material culture and technologies within the expanding relationship between the computer and architecture, this phenomenon defines a digital continuum from design to constrction industries, from form generation to fabrication design. This new continuity transcends the merely instrumental contributions of the man-machine relationship to praxis and has begun to evolve as a medium that supports a continuous logic o f design thinking and making.6 For the conceivable and achievable geometries consideration, the design computation plays the role play of these. As we know this research pavilion is characterised by a twofold bottom-up design strategy based on the biomimetic invsetigation of natural segmented plate structures and novel robotic fabrication methods 7 for sewing thin layers of plywood. The special biomimetic computation and material differentiation analysis are the important parts of design computation of this case. Also, the interdisciplinary cooperation from architects, engineers and biology enhence the importance of computation.
FIG. 5: ICD/ITKE RESEAR
6. Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, ‘THEORIES OF THE DIGITAL IN ARCHITECTURE’, Routledge taylor and francis group. 7. ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2015-16 / ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart (2016), http://www.archdaily.com/786874/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2015-16-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart
FIG. 6: ICD/ITKE RESEAR
RCH PAVILION 2015/16
RCH PAVILION 2015/16 DETAIL
FIG. 7: ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION 2015/16 DETAIL
2.2 CASE STUDY 4 FOUNDATION LOUIS VUITTON MUSEUM, PARIS, 20 Additionally, the Foundation Louis Vuitton Museum use the design computation techniques let the fancy dream to be constractable. Refer to the sketch from Frank Gehry, we can find out that the museum is covered by glass sails, supported on stainless steel mullions upon a structural steel and glulam main frame. The 12 sails form a cloudlike collection of canopies over the museum, with range of curves and angles that reflects the surrounding trees and 8 the Paris skyline. Certainly the computational techniques are really potential factor to produce this kind of feature of this building. This is the unique BIM project which modelled in Tekla software in order to detailed out the stainless steel mullions along with the glulam timber beams, glazing fixing plates, main frame and locating the base frame. For this builiding design process, design computation supplied the 3D drawing to aid setting out and quality-controlling the node points then create the more exactly effects and performances. Otherwise, the digital controlling can make all curves and transoms’ spacer beams with varied end-plate
rotations, the computational techniques maintaining the tolerances from the model. Absolutely, in the project of constructin the foundation Louis Vuitton Museum, we can find out that this is the celebration of new high precision design modelling tools to perform simulated tules for the form finding.9 This form finding tool transfer the abstruct sketchy lines into the geometrically complex structure which satisfy the real life regulation and imagination. Yehuda E. Kalay said that we engage in the process of design when the current situation is different from the desired 10 situation. Sometime, computation can achieve the imagnation with exactly research and analysis with clear process to encure our visualizing on the right track and constractable. Also, they formulating the solutions independent with the given paramaters and bring out the desired consequences. The Foundation Louis Vuitton Museum project is the typical example to introduce the new model server system to bring out the design, fabrication
8. Fondation Louis Vuitton: A dream come constructable (2015). https://www.tekla.com/references/fondation-louis-vuitton-dream-come-constructable 9. Tabias Nolte & Andrew Witt, ‘Gehry Partners’ Foundation Louis Vuitton: Crowdsourcing Embedded Intelligence’, Architecture Design, 84 (2014), p. 82-89. 10. Yehuda E, Kalay, Architecture’s New Media: Principles, theories and methods of computer-aided design (MIT Press: 2004). P. 5-25
005 and construction excellence. The process shows how design computational technique can enable the perfect solutions for encountering the emerged problem and solve them in the digital way (BIM), also they enbled the concurrent design, advenced parametrics brought the project to the higher level and to be more competitive. It produced the more efficiency automated fabrication chains, decreace the work rotation and supply more efficiency manifacturing techniques.
FIG. 8: The inpiration sketch from Frank Gehry
FIG. 9: Fondation Louis Vuitton Museum, 2005
FIG. 8: Museum of Contemporary Art & Planning Exhibition, http://www.archipendium. com/en/architecture/museum-of-contemporary-art-planning-exhibition/
Algorithmic thinking means taking on an interpretive role to understand the results of the generating code, knowing how to modify the code to explore new options, and speculating on further design potentials. We are moving from an era where architects use soft11 ware to one where they create software. --Brady Peters 11. Brady Peters, Computation works: The building of Algorithmic Thought, (Architectural Design, V. 83, NO. 2, 2013)
A.3 DESIGN COMPOSITION/ GENERATION
The transition from designing composition to generation appears to be phenomenal in the receng decade, and majority in architectural practice adopt digitalization in design process. Also, the process which means shifting to design computational generation is inevitable and I believe that it will bring out more benefits for the human and society.
FIG.9: situation room, https://www.urdesignmag.com/art/2014/10/13/situation-room-installation-by-marc-fornes-jana-winderen/
SITUATION ROOM INSTALLATION BY MARC FORNES + JANA WINDEREN Firstly, this situation room could be the typical example of the generation approach in architectural design. In this project, digital and meterial utilisation scale from a unit then an entire project. This kind of design use the combination of the envelope, acoustic membrane, structural design and distributed lighting all work together through a coat of neon-effect, it acts a sound object 12. Situation Room installation by Marc Fornes + Jana Winderen, https://www.urdesignmag.com/art/2014/10/13/situation-room-installation-by-marc-fornes-jana-winderen/
3.1 CASE STUDY 5
that absorbs and contrasts the storefornt gallery thus blurring perception of the know through its abstruct, spatial, formal and acoustic. In my opinion, this kind of complicative design contain a range of compostion of design computational technique and knowledges intergration. During this process, the communications through both digital (computer) and physical (designer and clients) are nesscessary. The algorithmic thinking inspire the designer to beyond the intelligence of art and design, in contributing to make multidiscipline reasearch and collaborative environment. As structure, materials or environmental performance can all work as a basic parameter to generate a variable architectural form. Also, for the functionality, when we considering about the positions and rules of this project, it is worthly to mention the composition method. The overall form is an aggregate of twenty spheres of incremental diameters, combined to create an envelope of experiential tension, a sort of sublime dialogue between the comfort of the known and an uneasy interaction with the unknown. The resultant morphology resonates with a series of distributed transducers and lighting sources playing out through streams of 12 porosity derived from structural stress flows across the elements. From this information, we can say that this project provide a brand new method to make designer think about the creation of spatial arrangement and lighting performance based on the specific human activities.
FIG.10: situation room, https://www.urdesignmag.com/art/2014/10/13/situation-room-installation-by-marc-fornes-jana-winderen/
3.2 CASE STUDY 6 TAICHUNG METROPOLITAN OPERA HOUSE FROM TOYO ITO When we thing about the definition about the generative approaches in design, we should not only notice assemblizaiton and combination of meterials and design ideas, but also need to think about the algorithm logic and space distributions by constrction elements. Architectural spaces and compositions are created through the use of scripting alsorithms where ele13 ments are manipulated and explored in various ways. Refer to the project from Toyo Ito which located in Taichung, we can find out the different elements organization in order to bring out the different function: the special arrangements of walls, columns and beams produce and generate the special and unique ‘sound cave’. The sound cave is both horizontally and vertically continuous netwark in order to create a acoustic space. Also the more than 50 curve walls generate a maze and interlocking reinforcement steel bar cages and steel trusses, it will also indicate a different human circulation and experience of this building. 13. Brady Peters, Computation works: The building of Algorithmic Thought, (Architectural Design, V. 83, NO. 2, 2013)
FIG.11: Taichung Metr toyo-ito--associates/ta
Considerin tne water contains lo morpholog lowed dur Finally, this to comple cial steps the theatr This is ano
14. Taichung Met ates/taichung-me
FIG.12: Taichung Metropolitan Opera House, http://www.arcspace.com/features/ toyo-ito--associates/taichung-metropolitan-opera-house/
ropolitan Opera House, http://www.arcspace.com/features/ aichung-metropolitan-opera-house/
ng the strucutre and form finding, this building was inspired by the natural caves flow. Ito uses this kind of feature to produce the dynamic structral form which ots of circular shape. This kind of generation in the design process represents the gical logic. This kind of logic acts as a guidance that all algorithmic factors folring the design process. s building is not only generated by the algorithms, but also use lots of elements ete the design compositon. The arrangement and intergration are also the cruin design process. Also, The fluid continuity of the structure reflects the idea that 14 rical arts are spatial arts which combine the body, art, music, and performance. other language to mention another interpration of design compositons.
tropolitan Opera House, Toyo Ito & Associates, http://www.arcspace.com/features/toyo-ito--associetropolitan-opera-house/
A.4 CONCLUSION
Throuth the exploration entailed in Part A, it becomes clear that design is a key factor in the future deveolpment of our society. The all contents of Part A, including the reading and case study bring out the professional design process for the future design. First of all, the significant design is not only the functional and sustainable, but also reflects the recognitions from humanity and culture characters. The better architectural design is the celebration of art design and interdisapline analysis such as biology, geology even the psychology. Furthermore, the design computation part encourage me to understand the trendy techniques (parametric design) which help designer to achiece their imagnations and satisfy the requirement of builders. The design computation is the combination of human rational and creative abilities and try to transcend the limit and produce the powerful symbiotic design system. Also, the good computer-aided design system providing vary levels of assistance to human designer by taking care of smaller or largeer parts of the design process. After reasearching the cases, the principles of design composition and generation are highlight the computation algorithm logic aims to improve the building form then create the more effiency, functionality and sustainable human experiences.
A.5 LEARNING OUTCOME
In the first week of this semester, I have lack of knowledge about any architectural computing even in my opinion, computational technique is not the important ability for architectural design. But after 3 weeks study, I understand that the design computation is the smart langrage to demonstrate the complex structures and details. It can combine the design creation, fabrication and construction rationally without silly mistakes. The design process always involved complex geometries and structural compositions that were impossible to conceptualize and visualize through simple Autocad drawings or sketches. This is the new way which let us to define our design or our imaginations clearly.
A.6 APPENDIX:ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK WEEK 1 LOFTING & TRIANGULATION
FIG.1: Picture from pinterest. https://au.pinterest.com/pin/579908889489963947/
TASK 1: LOFTING WITH CURVES
TWO CURVES Simply lofting by curves to show the concise grafting of this surface.
THREE CURVES When we try to change two curves to three. The surfaces we try to loft are more complicated and twisted.
FOUR CURVES Lofting four curves produced more crazy form which contain lots of intersection and transformation of each surface.
TASK 2: TRIANGULATION
OCTREE
By using the octree in GH definition to creat twisted and ‘freak’ cube. Also, this kind of pattern encourage people associate this to mosaic--the famous and classic luxury pattern.
POPULATE GEOMETRY
This kind of gold ring can be seem as the gold bracelet or the crown. There have lots of ‘hollow-out work’ which produce by the populate geometry definition. Different from other regular bracelet shapes, this shape is more irregular and asymmetry.
VORON
This two ite per, by usi box colum kind of fea tion of rigid
NOI 3D
VORONOI 3D
ems are using the voronoi 3d order in grasshoping this option, we can produce the fragmented mn which even contain the curving surface. This ature shows the great combination and interacd shape and dynamic shape.
PIPE
The pipe option is the important component to produce this kind of ‘cap’ which has special form. The organization of pipe enhance the representation of the dynamic flow of this item.
WEEK 2 CURVES, TRANSFORM AND CONTOURS
FIG.2: Superme, HIGHSNOBIETY. http://www.highsnobiety.com/2016/06/29/muschi-kreuzberg-s
supreme-berlin/
TASK 1: EXTENTION AREA
FIG.3: Kanye West in Balmain Sleeveless Hoodie and Givenchy “Stars” T-shirt. http:// www.upscalehype.com/2010/11/kanye-west-in-balmain-sleeveless-hoodie-andgivenchy-stars-t-shirt/
This model was created by contour lofting and orient a special geometry. Considering the function and value of my design, i think this can be a small pavilion which attach the house. It is semi open area and provide sun shading at some extents. For the form finding, i just try to produce the organic shape. Foe the geometry, i just receive the inspiration by lots of ‘star’ seties of Givenchy. This is kind of trendy feature in luxury product.
This design maybe used for the roof cladding or ‘green roof’ design-which contains lots of vegetation on the roof in order to decrease the thermal mass of the roof and recycle the rainwater. The geometry feature of this model was refer to the famous ‘rockstud’ series of Christian Louboutin. This kind of design provide the new definition and representation about high fashinion to the old scool element -- rockstud. For the value of my design, i try to combine the functionality, aesthetic feeling and environmental sustainability. FIG.4: CHRISTIAN LOUBOUTIAN. https://www.lyst.com/shoes/christian-louboutin-rolling-spikes-loafers-black/
This design is the further development of my triangulation project which use pipe option at week 1. This can act as a entertainment facility and interesting treatment of the facade.
FIG.5: Marzelo Burlon. https://www.lyst.co.uk/clothing/marcelo-burlon-tshirt-wingsprint-whitegrey-white/
This design aims to enhance the aesthetic feeling of this house. I just refer to the significang pattern design from the Marzelo Burlon. This kind of wings shape highlight the biological effects and bring out the feeling about freedom.
WEEK 3 GRID SHELL AND ORIENT
FIG.6: JESS HALL. http://www.jesshallarchitecture.com/#/alps/
TASK 1: MULTI-FUNCTION SPACE01 ORIENT GEOMETRY
In this design piece, I refer to the strucutre of DNA and other organic texture th show the organic and dynamic form of my design. The value of this design is t method to reflect the relationship between biology development and archite tural environment for human life. Considering the function, this can be seem a multifunction pavilion which located in the public square or maybe near to th science museum.
hen the ecas a he
TASK 1: MULTI-FUNCTION SPACE01 GRID SHELL 01
In this design piece, I refer to the strucutre of grotto and stalactie then sh organic and dynamic form of my design. The grid shell is the main suppo dia for each little column. Also, the curving column show the form of wa clearly. These two object of week 3 sketchbook are based on the biolog natural environment at good extent. This is another method to consider ronmental sustainability and design computation.
how the ort meater flow gy and the envi-
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Thackara John (2005). In the Bubble: Designing in the complex world ( Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), p.224 2. Tony Fry (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practices (Oxfords: Berg), pp. 1-16 3. Wood, John (2007). Design for Micro-Utopias: Making the Unthinkable Possible (Aldershot: Gower) 4. Aesthetics as politics: The Khaleesi Tower on West 57th Street, NYC. Mark Foster Gage, Architectural Design, Volume 86, Issue 6. DOI: 10.1002/ad.2106 5. J. C. R. Licklider, ‘Man-computer Symbiosis’, IRE transaction on human factors in Eletronics, volume HFE-1, (1960), PAGES 4-11. 6. Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, ‘THEORIES OF THE DIGITAL IN ARCHITECTURE’, Routledge taylor and francis group. 7. ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2015-16 / ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart (2016), http:// www.archdaily.com/786874/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2015-16-icd-itke-university-ofstuttgart 8. Fondation Louis Vuitton: A dream come constructable (2015). https://www.tekla. com/references/fondation-louis-vuitton-dream-come-constructable 9. Tabias Nolte & Andrew Witt, ‘Gehry Partners’ Foundation Louis Vuitton: Crowdsourcing Embedded Intelligence’, Architecture Design, 84 (2014), p. 82-89. 10. Yehuda E, Kalay, Architecture’s New Media: Principles, theories and methods of computer-aided design (MIT Press: 2004). P. 5-25 11. Brady Peters, Computation works: The building of Algorithmic Thought, (Architectural Design, V. 83, NO. 2, 2013) 12. Situation Room installation by Marc Fornes + Jana Winderen, https://www.urdesignmag.com/art/2014/10/13/situation-room-installation-by-marc-fornes-jana-winderen/ 13. Brady Peters, Computation works: The building of Algorithmic Thought, (Architectural Design, V. 83, NO. 2, 2013) 14. Taichung Metropolitan Opera House, Toyo Ito & Associates, http://www.arcspace. com/features/toyo-ito--associates/taichung-metropolitan-opera-house/