sol_id project by Zaeem Ahmed

SOL_ID

SOL_ID Te a m H e l i o M e t

With thanks without you the following would have not been possible Elian Hirsch Jonas Lundberg Andrew Grant Nate Kolbe Anne Markey Eva Diu SENA : Soacha Christian Camilo Pachon Parra Joan Sebastian Guzman Guiza Anwar Hassan Madera Victor Rutecor Ltd.(CNC Mill) Solar Decathlon Boom Collective London Metropolitan University

Team HelioMet

Contact http://teamHelioMet.com info@teamHelioMet.com

SOL_ID

Contents 01 - I n t r o d u c t i o n ‑ 9 07 - M at e r i a l 1.1 Who are we? - Team HelioMet! ‑10

02 - M a s t e r p l a n ‑ 2 5 2.1 Considerations behind Concept ‑26 2.2 Site : Santiago de Cali ‑27 2.3 Making Connections : Accessibility ‑30 2.4 Flood Defence ‑32 2.5 Land Zoning ‑33

03 - C l u s t e r ‑ 3 7 3.1 Inspiration ‑39 3.2 Cluster - “The Ingredients” ‑40 3.3 Cluster - Model 1:200 ‑44 3.4 Structural design ‑50 3.5 Assembly ‑52 3.6 Environmental Consideration ‑54 3.7 Solar Balconies ‑56 3.8 General Arrangement ‑58 3.9 SOL_ID Cluster - Global ‑64 3.10 Cluster - Further Development ‑66 3.11 Cluster - Unit Configuration and Growth ‑68

04 - U n i t ‑ 7 3 4.1 Concept ‑74 4.2 Evolution ‑76 4.3 Adaptability ‑82 4.4 What did we build? ‑85

05 - P r o t o t y p e ‑ 8 9 5.1 Final Prototype Design ‑90 5.2 Drawings ‑94 5.3 Final Audiovisual Deliverable ‑100

06 - L o n d o n : R o o f

d e s i g n ‑ 1 0 3 6.1 Structural development ‑104 6.2 Joints ‑106 6.3 Adapted Mortise and Tenon Joint ‑108 6.4 Change of design ‑111 6.5 Final design in London ‑113

r e s e a r c h :M y c e l i u m ‑ 1 1 7 7.0 Material research : Mycelium ‑118 7.1 Growth Process ‑120 7.2 Mycelium Production in Colombia ‑128

08 - B o g o tá : SENA ‑ 1 3 3

8.1 We Have a Building Site ‑134 8.2 Official Start of SOL_ID ‑135 8.3 Constructing The Floor ‑136 8.4 A typical day at SENA ‑138 8.5 Timber Preservative Treatment ‑142 8.6 Sapan : Decking Begins ‑143 8.7 Lateral Arches: Fabrication and Sealing ‑145 8.8 Envelope : Frame Prototype ‑146 8.9 Envelope : Manufacture ‑147 8.10 Envelope : Finishing ‑149 8.11 Columns : Development and Fabrication ‑150 8.12 Beams : Detail and Installation Development ‑151 8.13 Beams : Preparing for Plaza de Bolívar ‑153 8.14 Living Pods : Digital Fabrication ‑156 8.15 Living Pods : Assembly ‑160 8.16 Living Pods : Additions and Modifications ‑164 8.17 Living Pods : Preparation for delivery ‑168 8.18 Service Pods : Analogue Fabrication ‑170 8.19 Roof Mk1 : Assembly ‑172 8.20 Leaving for Plaza de Bolívar ‑173

09 - B o g o tá : P l a z a

d e B o l í va r ‑ 1 7 5 9.1 Hola Plaza de Bolívar! ‑176 9.2 The countdown begins... ‑178 9.3 Manufacturing the Doors ‑180 9.4 The First Lift ‑182 9.5 Daylight Cometh ‑184 9.6 Daylight hours ‑186 9.7 Roof Mk 1 : Assembly ‑188 9.8 Roof Mk 1 : First lift ‑190 9.9 Sleeping and Service Pod ‑192 9.10 From Christmas Tree to SOL_ID ‑193 9.11 Mycelium Wall ‑194 9.12 Time’s up! ‑196 9.13 Bogotá : Inauguration ‑197 9.14 The Public Exhibition ‑198 9.15 Disassembly and leaving for Cali ‑200

10 - C a l i : C o n s t r u c t i o n ‑ 205

10.1 No Delay - Just Do It. ‑206 10.2 Beam 3 of 4: In Place and Fixed ‑208 10.3 Beam 4 of 4 : ‘The Forklift is Stuck’ ‑209 10.4 Cladding fixed ‑210 10.5 Roof Mk 2 : Prototyping ‑212 10.6 Roof Mk2 : The First Lift ‑217 10.7 Lower roof membrane ‑221 10.8 Upper Roof Membrane ‑222 10.9 Ramp access ‑224 10.10 Lateral Arches : Corner Elements ‑226 10.11 Finishing the Interior ‑230 10.12 Electricity Supply ‑235 10.13 Water Supply and Waste ‑241 10.14 Solar Water Heater ‑243 10.15 PVs system ‑244 10.16 Manufacturing the Doors ‑246 10.17 Mycelium Display & Hand Rail Construction ‑248

11 - C a l i : C o m p e t i t i o n ‑ 253

11.1 Cali : Inauguration ‑254 11.2 Opening Night ‑255 11.3 Contests ‑256 11.4 Fundacion Rodacentro ‑258 11.5 Host Dinner ‑263 11.6 Public Tours ‑266 11.7 Team Presentations ‑274

12 - C r e d i t s

a n d E x p o s u r e ‑ 281 12.1 STO Werkstatt Event ‑282 12.2 London Festival of Architecture ‑283 12.3 Social Media ‑284 12.4 Media Coverage ‑286 12.5 You Tube Channel ‑287 12.6 Solar Decathlon ‑292

13 - T im e

t o r e s t ..... ‑ 295

14 - P h o t o g r a p h s ‑ 299

Introduction

Masterplan

Cluster

Unit

Prototype

London: Roof Design

Mycelium

Bogotá: SENA

Bogotá: Plaza de Bolívar

Cali: Construction

Cali: Competition

Credits and Exposure

Time to Rest...

Photographs

01 - Introduction

SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION Intro

1.1 Who are we? - Team HelioMet!

Ana-Laura Mohirta 2014-2016 Dip Arch 4 & 5YR FT

Heather Graham 2014-2016 Dip Arch 4 & 5YR FT

Derek Opara 2014-2016 Dip Arch 4 & 5YR FT

Reggie Reynolds 2014-2016 Dip Arch 4 & 5YR PT

Henriette Backer 2014-2016 Dip Arch 4 & 5YR FT

Nick Stone 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Edward Couper 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR PT

Carlotta Conta 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Richard Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Hanlon 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Meis Alsaegh 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Zaeem Ahmed 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Riam Ibrahem 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

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SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION Intro

Oleg Sevelkov 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Clare Reid 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Julie Hutchinson 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Elliot Dunn 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Peter Dew 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Oliver Hester 2015-2016 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Edoardo Perani 2014-2016 MADAM FT

Ann Lin 2014-2016 MADAM FT

Selini Eleni Serefoglou 2015-2016 MADAM FT

Alquino Perez 2015-2016 MADAM FT

Alessio Colizza 2015-2016 MADAM FT

Laura Penman 2015-2016 MADAM PT

INTRO

SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION

Holly York 2014-2015 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Shenpei Ha 2014-2015 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Victoria Havercroft 2014-2015 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Lauren Campany 2014-2015 Dip Arch 5YR PT

Mark McKee 2014-2015 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Nick Bastow 2014-2015 Dip Arch 4YR FT

Sebastien Gey Anastasia Chistakopoulou 2014-2015 2014-2015 Dip Arch Dip Arch 5YR FT 4YR FT

Conor Scully 2014-2016 Dip Arch 5YR FT

Ergys Peka 2014-2015 Dip Arch 5YR FT

Jack Boyns 2014-2015 Dip Arch YR4 PT

Kit Smithson 2014-2015 Dip Arch 4TH FT

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SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION INtro

Jonas Lundberg 2015-2016 Tutor

Nate Kolbe 2014-2015 Tutor

Andrew Grant 2015-2016 Tutor

Eva Diu 2014-2016 Tutor

Elian Hirsch 2015-2016 Project Management

We are Team HelioMet, an organisation operating out of Unit 4 within The CASS Faculty of Art, Architecture, Media and Design at London Metropolitan University. We are a collective of Diploma in Architecture students, Master of Digital Architecture and Manufacturing students and faculty leaders collaborating with industry partners and professionals. Established in 2012, Unit 4 previously competed in Solar Decathlon China in 2013, with an award winning house, SunBloc. Commencing in September 2014, this team has spent the last 15 months designing SOL_ID, to compete in Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean 2015, hosted in Cali, Colombia. We are one of 15 teams to have been selected to compete in the competition and the only UK representatives.

Team photo 2015

Intro

SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION

1.2 What is SOL_ID?

SOL_ID is Team HelioMetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s entry into the Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean competition, 2015. This years challenge was to provide sustainable solutions to social housing projects within tropical climates. We approached this challenge with the following objective; to incorporate innovative, 21st century design and materials without compromise. A fully functional prototype for a family of five people, SOL_ID took the form of a rooftop unit

from our large scale solution. We consider it a new typology of housing that can adapt to the varied social housing models within the urban context in tropical climates both locally and globally. It challenges the utilitarian form of the concrete tower block, and it is stimulating and contextually relevant for the challenges of the 21st century.

Augment Virtual Model

1. Download Augment App on your mobile device. 2. Use the scan function on the Augment App and scan the SOL_ID front cover or business cards. 3. View Augmented reality 3D Model of SOL_ID. Augment screen shots

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SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION

The Solar Decathlon is an international competition, supported by the US Department of Energy. It invites students from around the world, specialising in Architecture, Engineering, Sustainability and Urban Design to participate in creating a new typology of urban social housing that operates self-sustaining local solutions powered by solar energy. Established in 2002, the competition was originally held in Washington DC before relocating to California. It ran biannually from 2005 until 2013 before becoming an annual event. In 2010 the initiative expanded internationally when Solar Decathlon Europe began. Since then, the competition has been held in Madrid, Spain and most recently Versailles, France. In 2013 the competition reached new territories when China hosted the first edition of Solar Decathlon Asia. Finally, 2015 saw the beginning of Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean. The end of the competition confirmed it would return in 2017 before travelling to the UAE where Dubai will host 2018 and 2020.

CALI - DECEMBER

2015

This years competition was held in Cali, Colombia and focused on providing homes for fuel poor families living off of less than $2 per day. Teams were challenged to design and build a full functioning, 1:1 prototype of a single housing unit. Commencing on the 23rd of November 2015, all 15 teams began assembling their houses on site at the Solar Villa. They had 10 days to complete their prototype before the houses were opened to the public and the competition phase commenced. During this time teams were evaluated on the criteria of 10 contests over a two week period.

Competition Site in Cali

Intro

1.3 What is the SDLAC 2015?

Intro

SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION

World Map

Colombia

Bogotรก

Cali

Competition Site

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SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION Intro

1 Mihouse Colombia

2 Kuxtal Mexico

3 Pei Colombia

4 Proyecto AYNI Peru

5 Calicivita Colombia

6 Team Habitec Colombia

7 Team Panamass Panama/USA

13 La Casa Uruguaya Uruguay

14 Vile Colombia

15 +Huerto +Casa Colombia

SOL _ ID

2 4

3 5

10 UnSolar Colombia

ENTRANCE

11 Vrissa Colombia

6 11

9 HisCali Colombia

10 12

12 Yarumo Colombia

Intro

SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION

Architecture - Contest 1 Objectives; Test space efficiency and appropriate materials in relation to bioclimatic strategies for the future of social housing in the context of Latin America and the Caribbean.

House Functioning Contest 6 Objectives; Measuring the efficiency and functionality of a set of appliances to ensure the normal operation of housing.

Engineering - Contest 2 Objectives; Test the viability and proper integration between the design of the structure, electricity, plumbing,solar system for a low-cost social housing.

Communication - Contest 7 Objectives; Test the efficiency and effectiveness of marketing and communications strategies implemented by each team in order to generate public awareness of the projects.

Energy Efficiency - Contest 3 Urban Design & Affordability - Contest 8 Objectives; Test a appropriate design to achieve Objectives; Promote the implementation of a a reduction of energy consumption. dense urban design applied to the social context of Latin America and the Caribbean, in order to achieve an innovative social affordable housing.

Electrical Energy Balance - Contest 4 Objectives; Measure electrical energy selfsufficiency of the housing through a balance between generation and power consumption.

Innovation - Contest 9 Objectives; Estimate the incorporation of creative solutions to improve the conventional state of the residential sector around the Architecture, Engineering and Construction, Energy Efficiency, Urban Design and Affordability.

Comfort Conditions - Contest 5 Objectives; Measure conditions inside the house, such as temperature, humidity, noise, lighting and air quality. These are considered indicators that evidence the feeling of comfort in each housing solution.

Sustainability - Contest 10 Objectives; In order to reduce the environmental impact, evaluate strategies to properly handle issues of Architecture, Engineering and Construction, Energy Efficiency, Urban Design and Affordability.

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SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION Intro

1.4 What were the Rules?

In order to successfully compete in SDLAC15, all teams must comply with an extensive set of rules. These rules included a variety of guidelines from health and safety, house functioning and building envelope to social media hashtags and team uniforms. In addition to ensuring the safety of team members and the general public, these rules also allowed for the successful completion of the houses and provided criteria for the 10 decathlon contests.

A House for 5 People

120m2

Maximum Architectural Footprint

Maximum Prototype cost of $200,000

80m2

Maximum Internal Area

60m2

Minimum Internal Area

For example, during house functioning tests, all teams were required to produce 2 litres of fruit smoothie using the high setting of the blender at least once. We were also required to undertake hot water draws, where 50 litres of hot water must be delivered in no more than 10 minutes. This water was to achieve an average temperature of at least 43째C. Ten points were awarded for each of the ten categories, and a total mark out of 100 was then used to rank each team.

Housing Built on Mass for $50,000

Intro

SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION

Solar Envelope Extents Prototype has to fit within this envelope

oty t o Pr

4m 15

m 7m

Master plan block to be under 8 storeys

b em

rea A y

Urban Master plan to achieve at least 120 units per hectare

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10, 000m 2

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SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.â&#x20AC;? We strongly believe that cost efficient biomaterials, flexible and adaptable designs and simple assembly techniques are the future of sustainable design. Therefore, a key objective of SOL_ID was to educate. We strived to create a house which provided a legacy. Using low skill labour techniques and locally sourced materials, we showcased how innovative solutions could be applied by the everyday man. PREVI Social Housing - Peru

With the support of our collaborative partners we created, invented and applied cutting edge research on bio-materials to a socially relevant problem. Not only did this allow us to create a zero carbon solution and prototype for SDLAC - 2015, it provided significant support in the global development of self-sufficient housing for society.

Quinta Monroy Social Housing - Chile

Torre David - Venezuela

Intro

1.5 SOL_ID Project Aims

Intro

SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION

1.6 Workshop Visits to Colombia

Time spent in Colombia allowed us to gain a much greater understanding of the Latin American culture. Conscious of creating a house which was regionally relevant, the opportunities to engage with members of the community was fundamental to the success of SOL_ID. We were fortunate to visit Colombia on two occasions, once in February and once in July, for organised Solar Decathlon Workshops. The workshops were a great opportunity to meet our competitors. Not only could we exchange ideas and inspiration, it allowed us to establish a network for the future. Meeting members of the SENA team in February lead to a successful collaboration in November, without which we would not have completed SOL_ID. In addition to these official events, we also undertook our own research. We visited a pilot, solar powered, social housing project where we met with the residents and listened to their invaluable opinions. This in turn influenced a number of important design decisions, such as a flexible living space and room for self expansion. We met with the primary energy supplier to discuss social and economical issues, visited a biomass processing plant to see their homegrown mycelium and met with the UK embassy to assist the promotion of UK innovation in Colombia.

Clockwise from Top Left; Visit to Guadau Plant, Cristo Rey Statue above Cali, A visit to Potrero Grande social housing in Caliâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;, Hold the Beamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

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SOL_ID - INTRODUCTION Intro Clockwise from Top Left; First Visit to Site in Cali, Bogotá from the air, The Team exploring Cali, ‘Hold the Beam’, Mycelium Visit in Manizales, The Streets of Cali

Introduction

Masterplan

Cluster

Unit

Prototype

London: Roof design

Mycelium

Bogotá: SENA

Bogotá: Plaza de Bolívar

Cali: Construction

Cali: Competition

Credits and Exposure

Time to Rest...

Photographs

02 - Masterplan

SOL_ID - MASTERPLAN

Masterplan

2.1 Considerations behind Concept

Santiago de Cali faces many problems that are part of a growing global trend. Cities across the world face rapid urbanisation, lack of affordable housing, limited access to capital, poor living conditions, and an environmentally unsustainable construction industry. Despite Cali having one of the fasting growing economies in Colombia, the city faces these same issues and suffers from vast social inequality. The population of the city has grown in thousands, due to economic migration people have been forcibly displaced by armed conflict in the rural and jungle areas of the country. Many people take up residence in informal settlements around the outskirts of the city on land which is not suitable for construction. The settlements are vulnerable to increased environmental risk such as flooding and landslides and living conditions are worsened by a lack of infrastructure. Neighborhoods are distinctly divided by wealth or class which immediately causes disparity between areas by segregating communities. CALI’S POPULATION

POPULATION DENSITY PER SQ KM 43

2,352,000

1/3 OF CALI’S RESIDENTS ARE IN POVERTY

Colombian informal settlements

LIFE EXP. AGE 74 LITERACY RATE IS 94%

Alongside these social divides and issues with informal housing, are environmental issues with our global construction industry. Our global building sector consumes approximately 40% of our energy through construction and maintenance. Humanity’s requirement for fast and cheap housing is typically met with concrete construction. A global concrete vernacular has developed that is highly polluting. Furthermore, concrete’s high thermal mass is unsuitable for Cali’s hot and humid climate. The lack of a temperature difference between night and day means that the typical methods of heavyweight construction exacerbate the need for energy demanding air conditioning. This is unsustainable and unsuited to local climate conditions.

Cali, Colombia

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2.2 Site : Santiago de Cali

Extreme poverty Low Low to middle Middle Middle to high Wealthy

Cali has an urban area of over 560km2. Due to its proximity to the Buenaventura Port on Pacific Coast and its urban context Cali has fast become the main economic centre of Western Colombia, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the country. The map shown to the side depicts how the city of Cali can be categorised into socioeconomic classes. The city has a diverse range of classes based on their income levels and current residential status. Cali is not unique in this effect; however the proximity of the higher class areas to some of the poorest areas is not normal for the region. There are some patterns that can be read for the areas, for instance the majority of the city is of a low to medium income level, and these areas are mostly through the centre of the city. The lower income areas are located on the periphery of the city which suggests the outskirts of the city blends in with its rural surroundings. The more affluent areas of the city are located to the southern end of the city. These areas tend to be more recently developed.

Social cartography for the city of Cali

Masterplan

Santiago de Cali is the second most populous city in western Colombia with an estimated 2,319,655 residents. It is located on the Narcas fault line to the northwest of Colombia along the Pacific Ocean coastline. It is apart of the most active group of tectonic plates called the circum-pacific belt.

SOL_ID - MASTERPLAN

Masterplan

SOL_ID - MASTERPLAN

Cali is very typical of a city that has not been planned, but grown over time. The city has sprawled as more people have moved to the city and in turn as the city grew, more municipal buildings were required. This contributes to the city not having a single city centre, but multiple areas of interest. The historic quarter centred on the origins of the city, an educational sector towards the south of the city as the needs of the population grew. The problem with the format of the city means it is very hard to control or police due to the sprawling nature. Due to the altitude between the mountain range on the West, the northern part of the city and the South Cali has a tropical climate. The variation in altitude causes the weather in the northwest of the city to be drier that in the southwest. The average temperature in Cali is 250 with lows of 18.50 and highs of 31O. Annual precipitation varies between 900mm to 1,800mm. During the dry season temperatures can rise to 340-360 rapidly falling at night to 180 degrees. Cali does experience a rainy season. High temperatures will be around 280 to 290 and low temperatures (night) around 160-170. Our masterplan proposal is located to the southeast of the City in the Narrvo basin. This site has been selected by the government as the next expansion district to the city. The site is currently occupied by migrants along the river Cauca’s edge, flood plains, landfill and areas of ecological importance. By developing the Narrvo basin the city would be able to directly tackle the intense and often fatal flooding that occurs each year to the City and its occupants. They can also upgrade and provide a better quality despite

HISTORIC CENTRE This is where the city originates, it developed out from there. It’s popular with tourists and is home to some of the oldest buildings in Cali

SPORTS CENTRE Home to the Cities football stadium and also other sporting facilities.

UNIVERSITY QUARTER Cali is home to some very prestigious university establishments attracting students from all over the world.

NAVARO BASIN SITE SELECTED FOR THE SOL_ID MASTERPLAN

Map showing Cali’s civic sites

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SOL_ID - MASTERPLAN

Masterplan

achieving dense urban accommodation for the ever increasing population of migrants fleeing to Cali and be able to finally revisit the transportation network better connecting this thriving economic City.

124

The design proposes a variety of densities: From 120 to 200 units per hectare with an average of 166 units per hectare.

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177 183 162 181

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Problems such as transportation and energy are analysed and critiqued at the city scale. Despite being outside of the masterplan site, it is critical to see the wider context in order to develop a holistic plan.

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This site allows the city of Cali to develop housing over the coming decades for 300,000 people. Furthermore, the strategic location means the site can greatly impact infrastructure for rest of the city. It can deal with flooding, transport, and energy whilst also providing: - 42 Ha of community centres - 71 Ha of hospitals - 350 Ha of public green space - 667 Ha of educational buildings

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136 130

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149 136

left: m right

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120

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Prote

Indicative density zoning distribution strategy

= Minimum Housing Units Required (120 Homes)

Preferred Number of Housing Units (200 Homes)

120 m2 Architectural Footprint (60-80 m2 Measurable Area/ G.I.A)

200 Houses per Ha

= + =

URbAN SPATIAL STRUCT 24,000 m2 Architectural Footprint of all houses The crossing points between the Light

strategic locations suitable for high de street typologies are designed to facili roads or Lightrail lines.

and tertiary sta 25% (6,000 m2) FThe orprimary,thesecondary influences urban grain in a given ra affecting the target density as well as t Circulation and Urban to generate a varied skyline rather than promoting a polycentric organisation i Facilities / Gardens etc.which has shown its limitations in Cali

The current scheme achieves an overa per hectare accross the masterplan.

30,000 m2 Total Built Area

SOL_ID - MASTERPLAN

Transportation is one of the most challenging tasks facing the city of Cali. The current public transportation system is outdated and does not perform anywhere near to the standard for a city like Cali. The diagram below depicts the existing condition. Cali has an uneven network of aging buses as well as the few more recent MIO lines. The organisation of the previously described network does not follow any particular transport strategy. rm Te ina ga

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San Pedro Plaza Cayzedo

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Terminal Andre Sanin

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Existing and proposed transport system

CIU

Calle 26

Rio

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Unicentro

Calle 26

Melendez

Masterplan

2.3 Making Connections : Accessibility

R AR AV

CIT

R VA NA

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SOL_ID - MASTERPLAN

Masterplan

As an initial response, we reviewed the existing network and proposed a revised version (right) which encourages more environmentally sustainable transportation mediums such as hybrid buses or lightrails. This conceptual proposal would work with Caliâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s current development of MIO buses to help decongest the historical centre of Cali. The proposed public transport lines facilitates access to the airport that is located in Palmira to the North East of Cali. A new line connects the south of the city through the Navarro Site and to East Cali.. The site scale transport strategy creates an efficient and sustainable public transportation system whilst a private vehicle road network is punctured by car-free neighborhoods. Streets connect the surrounding context whilst providing access to the site. A perimeter ring provides access to the site and connects to regional roads. The masterplan is subdivided into smaller loops to allow an appropriate level of connectivity with sustainable transport. The large axis act as important infrastructure and as green corridors.

Transport system in relation to adjacent interest points

The urban grid of the master plan ties into the context and connects the site with the surrounding area. Within the masterplan, the grid is stretched and skewed in response to transport intersections and public green space.

Solar-powered vehicles interchange Tertiary hub (150m radius)

Solar-powered vehicles interchange Secondary hub (350m radius)

Tertiary hub (150m radius) Primary hub (500m radius)

Secondary hub (350m radius) Solar-powered vechicle network Lightrail network Protected Green areas

Primary hub (500m radius) Primary greenspaces

Solar-powered vechicle network Lightrail network Protected Green areas Primary greenspaces

Transport system network

SOL_ID - MASTERPLAN

Masterplan

2.4 Flood Defense

Development in the Narravo basin would be able to directly tackle the annual flooding of the City.

WATER RETENTION AREA (WETLAND)

RECREATIONAL GREEN

URBAN/PRODUCTIVE GREEN

We are thus proposing a flood zone around the Cauca River, which can be utilised as communal food growth and leisure. This will form a dynamic activity zone and a resilient sustainable infrastructure.

ECOLOGICAL GREEN

ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR

LANDFILL SITE

The topography designed to be tiered down towards the river to create a landscaped barrier that allows water to rise and soak away naturally. This protects the housing and businesses, which are built on higher ground from floodwater.

ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR

Flooding risk evaluation of the Navarro site

FLO

EN DEF

ARE

RIVE

R CA

Flood defence area

UCA

Conceptual view of flood defence area

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SOL_ID - MASTERPLAN

2.5 Land Zoning

Shops: (retail, food and drink, professional services, restaurants) Business: (offices, research and development, light industry) Residential: (dwelling houses, hotels, hostels) Non-residential institutions: (healthcare, education, museums, libraries, public halls, religious buildings) Neighbourhood car parks

Land zoning overview

The Urban Spatial Structure is governed by a nested hierarchy of streets. Arterial boulevards carry most of the traffic and a major public transport network. They carry moderate speed private vehicles and inter neighbourhood public transport.

BUSINESS /RETAIL - High denisity 8 storeys - Offices, cultural centres, civic complexes on lower levels - Residential allocated for upper levels

EDUCATION / CULTURAL - High denisity 8 storeys - Cultural centres, Galleries & Theatres - Residential allocated for upper levels -University Campus & libraries

PRODUCTION / SUB-URBAN - Medium denisity 3 storeys - District centers - Schools - Industry & Processing

SUB-URBAN / RETAIL - Medium denisity 4/5 storeys - District centers - Retail at lower levels

SUB-URBAN

Arterial Boulevard

- Low to Medium denisity 2/3 storeys - District centers - Schools

LEISURE / TOURISM - Low denisity residential 2 storeys - Sports Facilities - Tourist Attractions

Major Collector

SUB-URBAN / EDUCATION

District

- Low to Medium denisity 2/3 storeys - District centers - Schools & Universities - Local Businesses

Minor Collector BUSINESS - High denisity 7 storeys - Offices complexes with amenities - Residential mixed with offices

Neighbourhood

Local Street

Quadrant

RETAIL/TOURISM BUSINESS/PRODUCTION - Low denisity 2-3 storeys - Light Industrial & Processing - Residential above businesses

- High denisity 8 storeys - Shopping districts, cultural centres, complexes on lower levels - Residential allocated for upper levels

Zoning masterplan

Masterplan

The land zoning promotes a mixed-use neighbourhood, which is environmentally sustainable because people can work, shop, and play all within easy walking or cycling distance of where they live. This helps by reducing energy use for transport. This is socially sustainable because streets are active at all times of day and there will be a strong sense of place. The housing variety accommodates for a mix of residents from different social income brackets, which creates a socially healthy neighbourhood. Shops and businesses can be located near major streets and intersections where footfall is greatest, and housing on quieter roads.

Masterplan

SOL_ID - MASTERPLAN

Minor streets have local shops, small businesses, and small non-residential institutions such as local healthcare and crĂ¨ches. Major non-residential institutions such as public halls and religious buildings face major streets and break the urban grain. Neighbourhoods are car free. Priority is given to pedestrians, cyclists, and public transport. There are no through streets and there are extensive pedestrian/cycle routes for sustainable transportation. Active transport reduces pollution and congestion, supports mental well-being and yields savings in future health budgets. Car parks are located on the periphery of neighbourhoods. Residents can rent or buy a parking space when they rent or buy their home. All dwellings are within a 5 minute walk of any communal car park. Local streets allow vehicle access for drop-off and emergency only.

Urban sample of the proposed masterplan

The typical building typologies cluster to form a variety of courtyards. The urban grain passively increases the sustainability of buildings. Streets are aligned 30 degrees off north to aid natural ventilation and building massing is oriented eastwest to minimise solar gain. Photovoltaic arrays are located in courtyards and on roofs. Green Space adjacent to rivers and lakes are used for sustainable water treatment, communal food growth, energy production and public amenity. Major green spaces break up the urban grain. They are shaded by a natural canopy. There are small pavilions and shaded sports pitches/ playgrounds. Street Intersections act as the centres of neighbourhoods. Public transport interchanges are located here and building density increase. All residents are within 5 min walk of neighbourhood carparks. Section through primary neighbourhood circulation route

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SOL_ID - MASTERPLAN

Masterplan

Cluster

1. Shaded Major Neighbourhood Streets Provide Public Transport and Private Vehicle Access to Neighbourhoods. 2. Green Tramways Reduce The Urban Heat Island Effect. 3. Shaded Minor Neighbourhood Streets Allow Vehicle Access For Emergency and Drop Off Only. 4. Car Free Streets are Quieter, Cleaner, Safer

5. Extensive Cycle + Pedestrian Networks Promote Active Travel. 6. Pedestrian and Cycle Routes are Shaded. 7. Communal Public Spaces are Shaded for Playing and Relaxing In. The Landscape is Dense and Fruit Bearing. 8. Urban Agriculture Promotes Healthy Living and Easy access to Fresh Food.

9. Water is Purified Naturally, Whilst Producing Food. 10. Sustainable Urban Drainage Reduces the Heat Island Effect. 11. Extensive Swale Networks Reduces Flood Risk. 12. Mixed Use Neighbourhoods Create Vibrancy and Character Whilst Reducing Transit Times.

13. Non-Residential Street Fronts + Housing Above Activates the Urban Realm. 14. Investment in Energy Production Brings Long Term Returns. 15. Self Help Housing Creates Jobs and Skills and Reduces Construction Costs. 16. Adaptive Housing Allows For Bottom Up Growth. 35

Introduction

Masterplan

Cluster

Unit

Prototype

London: Roof Design

Mycelium

Bogotá: SENA

Bogotá: Plaza de Bolívar

Cali: Construction

Cali: Competition

Credits and Exposure

Time to Rest...

Photographs

03 - Cluster

Terron Coloriado

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

3.1 Inspiration

Quinta Monroy By ELEMENTAL:before and after expansion

We found inspiration in successful 21st century social housing projects built in Chile, in particularly housing built in Iquique, Chile designed by ELEMENTAL to house the 100 families of the Quinta Monroy. The project has programmed in development options and potential for expansion during the building life cycle. We took this idea to the next level by increasing its density. We created a superstructure that has a large open plan floor plate allowing the residents to expand their own houses, either vertically or horizontally, over time. This flexibility allows us to place units freely in a large floor plate, creating intermediate spaces that allow for natural ventilation and thus reduce energy consumption providing a “shaded” lifestyle suitable to tropical climates. In order to make our cluster feasible from the technical point of view we developed a external cross laminated wood frame system, with a central core in order to create a large span without columns.

SOL_ID Cluster: showing different unit configurations and potential for expansion

Cluster

The Solar Decathlon Latin America & Caribbean 2015 challenged the participants to design the “future of sustainable social housing”. To address this difficult challenge, we spent a long time researching and talking with residents of social housing projects in Latin America. While visiting Potrero Grande and Terron Coloreado in Cali we discovered the need for expansion and flexibility that Latin American families require. SOL_ID was therefore developed to be a changeable family unit for 5 people, which can be adapted over time.

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

3.2 Cluster - “The Ingredients”

On the scale of the cluster, Team HelioMet proposes an adaptable housing typology, which offers organic bottom up growth within an industrialised top down framework and where users can create their own home. Circulation, services, and open floor slabs are built by government funded organisations. Residents purchase plots on these open floor plates and build their own homes or places to work using lightweight, prefabricated elements. Users can interpret the space as they wish. It gives control to people over their own home. It provides people with a sense of ownership, and flexibility for growth based on future access to capital. This adaptive housing typology allows people to adapt their home to meet life’s varying circumstances and needs. It allows people to generate income: residents can expand their home and rent out rooms. Over time the building can change in density to meet market demand. This durable architecture responds to different users and uses. This strategy enables the floor plate to remain open and flexible for the living units. It also ensures the only structure touching the ground are the cores allowing for unobstructed space for social uses or for open plan retail units.

Open Floor Slabs

Living Units

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

Glulam Timber Truss

Canopy

Solar Balconies

Cluster

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Single cluster and exploded axo of showing a sample unit layout

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster Plan of cluster in context

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

3.3 Cluster - Model 1:200

The images shown demonstrate the 1:200 scale one hectare sample of the cluster created and sent to Colombia as part of deliverable three. It demonstrates how the 6-8 storey clusters interact with each other in a small sample of the urban master plan. The prototype house is represented by one of the coloured units in the furthermost corner on the top storey, theoretically connected to the roof structure of the entire cluster.

Cluster model

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster Cluster model

Cluster

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster model showing solar canopy

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

Further development of the 1:200 model testing out the 3d printed canopy and its impact on the overall scheme.

Cluster model showing solar balconies

Cluster

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

Cluster model showing solar balconies

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

3.4 Structural design

The structural design aims to use minimal material by using components in tension rather than compression. A superstructure of Pratt trussed frames are used to hang the spanning beams across each floor. The hung system uses less material than a conventional column and beam system. Steel tension bars run vertically, connecting the floors to one another down the building. This strategy enables the floor plate to remain open and flexible for the living units. It also ensures the only structure touching the ground are the cores keeping an open, free bottom space. The emphasis on indoor and outdoor flexible living configurations posed many questions when entering the detailed stage. In essence the superstructure is similar to a car park building in the way itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s open to the elements but also accommodating changing conditions within. The structure therefore had to be detailed so it can exist in isolation to the altering unit designs on the open floor plates. The structure questions the conventional use of high mass materials such as concrete in Colombian construction. By expressing timber as the primary tectonic and exploring its properties as both a tensional and compressional structure, a move towards a new sustainable agenda is highlighted as viable and better suited to the climate and living styles of South America.

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

Earlier ideas studied CLT shear wall configurations together with beam and column arrangements with cross bracing elements. The hung system is most efficient and uses less material than a conventional column and beam system.

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

3.5 Assembly

1 Cross laminated timber cores are constructed with internal lift shafts and stair. A Glulam beam with flitch plate mechanical fixings form the warren truss. This spans 27 meters.

2 The horizontal trusses are 6 meters deep due 3 The perimeter superstructure trusses span to the structural strategy of hanging the floor 31 between the central vertical truss plates using steel bar. Accommodation will also be positioned between the members so access through them is necessary. Glulam beams are secured between the hanging elements and a series of counter beams and multilaterally spanning CLT beam decks are installed. This central strip forms the primary servicing loop.

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Daylight Design

Cluster

Canopy light apertures at cluster level

Cluster internal lightwell

Integration of lighting shelf into cluster structure

The cluster has been designed with the intent to create light-wells that will illuminate all lower levels with natural lighting. Light shelves that will direct light into the internal spaces have also been implemented into the CLB supper structure. 53

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

3.6 Environmental Consideration

Seismic moment analysis

Cluster design development under environmental conditions

Seismic Consideration

Solar Exposure Strategy

Movement in the structure happens along its length through the entirety of the trusses. Allowance has been given to tolerances and movement joints in the details using appropriate mechanical fixing between the Glulam joints. The two shorter planes provide the bracing to stiffen the trusses and floors.

The building is a 30 degree skewed rectangle to maximise ventilation and minimise solar exposure. Central voids run up the building encouraging air movement. The east and west short elevations are semi-permeable, allowing air movement but shading from solar gains.

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

Cluster design development under solar conditions

Solar Capture Strategy Part of the brief is to have the building powered entirely through solar photovoltaics. Due to Cali, Colombia being near the equator the sunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s path passes directly above removing the obstacle of overshadowing.

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

SOL_ARIUM

Cluster

3.7 Solar Balconies

The primary use of the solar balcony is not for habitable use but for photovoltaic panels and solar collection. It will generate power for the unit and feed back into the cluster services through the floor deck. The design and E structure is lightweight, meaning it can span off the structure to gain an optimal position for solar gain. The form will also become the balustrade to the unit and include an area for planting and a service zone to house the PV equipment. Structurally it will ledge up against the floor build it and enter onto the floor plates. Steel tension D cables will run through internally arrange hollow pipes and attach back to the main structure. A steel rod connection from the structure to the end of the balcony is also made to stabilise the end, depending on its size.

ACCESS

INDICATIVE INTERNAL TENSION CABLE SYSTEM

EPS BLOCKS - CUT TO HOUSE PV & ELECTRICAL UNIT

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

Development 1 - Indicated the basic idea of the additive structure. A fabric template cut form work that houses ‘hard body’ objects such as the PV tray, the planting pots and the service space. These would be prefabricated and ensure the form work is the correct shape when filled with foam.

TEAM NAME:

UK ADDRESS:

T S 4 L

CONTACT

w J

Development 2 - Moved towards a wooden veneer triangulated build up that is adhered to the fabric form work. Material has been reduced and the flipping of the form vertically helps it sit lower to the deck and therefore more securely.

CONSULTANTS Urban Future Organiza SUPERFUSIONLAB A B

CLIENT

SOLAR DEC LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN http://www.solardec A

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

3.8 General Arrangement

a b b

a Typical Floor Plan

2 Transversal Section A-A [Academic use only]

Longitudinal Section B-B

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

General Arrangement

Cluster

Detail 01

Key [Academic use only]

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

Floor Slab to Truss Connection

1 140x500mm Glulam Beam 2 300x500mm Glulam Super-structure (to be confirmed in meeting with engineer on 18.05.15) 3 75mm CLT Floor Deck 4 Emsirvac reclaimed slurry (Screed) laid to 1:80 Falls (50mm minimum Thickness) on Vapour Barrier 5 Adjustable Screwjack pedestal 6 25x50mm Batons and Counter Battons 7 25mm Floor Finish Chosen by End User 8 Mycelium Facade Panel Fixed to Glulam Beam with Hanging Bracket 9 Stainless Steel Flashing 10 Brushed Stainless Steel Balustrade Bottom Plate 11 Stainless Steel Wire Mesh Brushed Stainless Steel Truss to Hanger Plate Stainless Steel Hanger Connection

[Academic use only]

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Floor Slab to Truss

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

Floor Slab to Truss Connection

1 140x500mm glulam substructure and service void. 2 75mm CLT deck fixed to glulam substructure. Vapour Barrier. Screed leveled to 1:80 falls (minimum 50mm depth). Adjustable Floor raisers. Battons and counter battons. Finished floor (chosen by end user). 3 Prefabricated 20mm Stainless Steel Balustrade with wire mesh netting. 4 Mycelium (or alternative) cladding panel with stainless steel flashing. 5 Stainless steel hangers. 6 500x300mm Glulam super-structure 7 Stainless steel connector plate. 8 Stainless steel superstructure flashing.

3 8

7 2

5 6

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Truss on Ground Floor Detail

Cluster TEAM NAME:

400 째 40.0

0 30

UK ADDRESS:

CONTACT

700

CONSULTANTS Urban Future Or SUPERFUSION

709

800

CLIENT

1060

SOLAR LATIN AME CARIBBEAN http://www.so

2230

250

1200

150

MARK

1 - Concrete plinth 2 - 50mm Galvanised Steel Plate 3 - 150 x 50 mm Steel bolt 4 - Glulam Truss beams

DATE

LOT NUMBER CONTENT BY: DRAWN BY: CHECKED BY: COPYRIGHT: SHEET TITLE

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

3.9 SOL_ID Cluster - Global

SOL_ID was designed to be used in a tropical climate in a variety of geographical locations. The following is a compilation of potential locations and how the cluster would weave into the existing urban fabric of major urban centres and communities of tropical countries.

Bogotรก

Mumbai

The Philippines

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

3.10 Cluster - Further Development

Early cluster model showing position of unit

Early cluster elevation design

Early cluster isometric in context

Cluster streetview

Cluster in city context

SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster

3.11 Cluster - Unit Configuration and Growth

Cluster floor typical : showing potential unit diversity and vertical/horizontal expansion

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SOL_ID - CLUSTER

Cluster Potential configuration and expansion options of units within cluster

Introduction

Masterplan

Cluster

Unit

Prototype

London: Roof Design

Mycelium

Bogotá: SENA

Bogotá: Plaza de Bolívar

Cali: Construction

Cali: Competition

Credits and Exposure

Time to Rest...

Photographs

04 - Unit

SOL_ID - UNIT

4.1 Concept

Unit

Conceptually the unit builds upon ideas developed in the ‘cluster’. Research into South American housing showed that families change their homes over time. In addition, to this finding, the research showed that children often would remain in their family homes after they married and had children of their own. This would result in more people living in a household than their home was designed for. The cluster design creates a framework for families to expand their units either vertically or laterally over time. However this would require a capital expenditure to do. We wanted to design for adaptability into the unit. Our design is a radical departure from the compartmentalized room layout of traditional housing and instead we have an open plan living arrangement. There are minimal internal walls, only an external envelope that defines one residence from another, and a minimal bathroom and kitchen pod. Internally, there are not rooms but mobile ‘pods’ that can be moved around which contain private spaces such as bedrooms. Residents then have a ‘tabula rasa’ and freedom to do what they wish with their space. They can have as many modules as they require or can afford. They can add units as their families grown and sell them when their families shrinks. They can stack all the modules on the edge of the unit, for a large living space during the day and they can move them back in the night for privacy from each other when sleeping. This arrangement importantly not only provides residents with the capacity for choice, but also governments, agencies and landlords. For instance a government could produce all kitchen modules while sleeping modules could be self assembled. Or existing building material retailers can produce their own versions of modules.

An Example of Cali Social housing, taken on a workshop visit in Feb. 2015

Interior Layout from Torre David in Carcass

Interior Layout from Quinta Monroy on day 1 (Iquique, Chile by Elemental)

The unit is therefore not a fixed design for social housing but an idea on how to create a better framework to allow people to define how best they want to live while maintaining their existing lifestyles.

Interior Layout from Quinta Monroy after residents moved in (Iquique, Chile by Elemental)

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SOL_ID - UNIT

Unit

Living Modules can be added or taken away

Extra Area can be brought in time

Utilities come into a fixed Service Module

Concept Diagram for Unit

Moveable ‘Living’ Modules

Fixed ‘Service’ Module

SOL_ID - UNIT

The design has gone through many iterations over the course of the competition. First of all, we refined a design that we best felt showed off our concept and then as time went on, we thought about the method of construction and affordability for our very limited budget. Here are a series of snapshots of the designs and concepts in various incarnations, before we settled on a layout to take through to detailed design and production in Colombia.

NB_30/01/15

VARIANT HEADER LOGO

Unit

4.2 Evolution

ID INTUITIVE DWELLING

MAIN HEADER LOGO

SOL

General Notes 1. Do not Scale 2. All Dimension are shown in mi

SOL SOL >

DRAWING SHEET IMAGE / STAMPS

SO _

SOL _ ID

12/2/15

Deliverab

REV

DATE

REASON

Team

HelioMet A Brighter Future Client

SOLAR DECATH AMERICA & CAR

Project

Team Heliomet; SOL_ID

Title

Exterior Renderi

Status

Deliverable Phas Project Number

Date

12/02

Revision

Scale @ A

Drawings Number

GE-401

Initial Concept

First Plan Layout

Design at the Submission of D#1

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SOL_ID - UNIT

Unit

Revised Space Planning

Concept Develop - Moveable Modules

Initial Physical modelling of new ideas

Unit

SOL_ID - UNIT

Advanced Physical Modelling Including Roof

Geometry Refined in CAD for D#2 Submission

Internal Layout for D#2 Submission

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SOL_ID - UNIT

Unit

Design Rationalized for D#3

Final Concept Design before Detailed D#4 Design

Unit

SOL_ID - UNIT

Internal 3D Axo of Unit Design before D#4 Drawings

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SOL_ID - UNIT

Unit Internal Render with Roof before on-site adjustments

SOL_ID - UNIT

4.3 Adaptability

As mentioned previously, the ability of the unit to take different forms depending on its users desires is an integral part of SOL_IDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design. While developing the unit, many different internal options were produced. The variations of the core service pod and sleeping pod design include different locations and designs for the service module as well as a variety of forms and materials for the modules.

Unit

Any of the designs could have been realised. However, we could only build one for the competition in Cali. These designs make up a rich tapestry of possible options for variations of the concept for people to understand the versatility of SOL_ID.

Internal Unit Option 1

Internal Unit Option 2

Internal Unit Option 3

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SOL_ID - UNIT

Unit

Internal Unit Option 4

Internal Unit Option 5

Internal Unit Option 6

SOL_ID - UNIT

Unit

Below is a mocked up render showing all of the various options on a single floor plate of the ‘cluster’. The rich diversity of designs show how the ‘cluster’ could become a vibrant community of different and individual deigns within a managed, maintained and secure framework.

Possible ‘Cluster’ Floor Plan

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SOL_ID - UNIT

4.4 What did we build?

The prototype unit for the competition is an example of one of the roof top units within our cluster.

Roof Top Unit Unit

The over arching canopy structure provides Solar shading and a roof to the unit in a similar fashion to ancient cultures in tropical climates who lived for centuries like this before the invention of air conditioning.

Standard Unit

Unit

SOL_ID - UNIT

As the site was slowly turned from a field into the competition venue we made a number of site visits to check the design would work. We now had a concept, a design and a final site in Cali all that was required now was detailed design and construction on the other side of the world. As you will see we had to make some changes from our preferred design in order to get the building to work with our limited budget and skill set!

Initial Site Visit for Workshop 1 - Feb. 2015

Site Visit - October 2015

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SOL_ID - UNIT

1/2

Unit

Our Prototypeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Location on the Competition site as well as the daily Sun Path

AM 87

Introduction

Masterplan

Cluster

Unit

Prototype

London: Roof design

Mycelium

Bogotá: SENA

Bogotá: Plaza de Bolívar

Cali: Construction

Cali: Competition

Credits and Exposure

Time to Rest...

Photographs

05 - Prototype

SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

Prototype

5.1 Final Prototype Design

In the final iteration of the prototype significant modifications had to be made from our design in London. Alterations to the budget meant changes to the roof and the service pod. We re-engineered the roof ultimately opting for the geodesic dome structure as seen in the image to the right. The revised service pod strategy was to split into unit into two modules to optimise services and construction. Additional factors affecting design changes included accessibility to affordable materials and re-evaluating construction ensuring the design could built and produced by ourselves within the SDLAC Competition time scale.

Internal Render - Showing Revised Roof

External Render

Internal Render Showing Corner Detail

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SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

Prototype

SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

Floor Plan Render

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SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

Prototype

Roof Plan Render

SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

Prototype

5.2 Drawings

Site plan

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SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

Prototype Site Elevations

Prototype

SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

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SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

Prototype Plans

Prototype

SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

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SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

Prototype AR 301 wall details

SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

5.3 Final Audiovisual Deliverable

Prototype

As part of deliverable 4 we had to produce an audiovisual of the project in which we explained the guiding principles of our design. The description of the project was broken down in the into Architecture, Engineering, Sustainability and Innovation. We opted for a formal interview technique, with each one of the team members providing the narrative for principle elements. The video was edited to include to photos, renders and technical details that ran over the top of the narrative, illustrating points made.

Images Clockwise from the top; Final Video on You-tube, Screen Shot of Video - Derek, Filming the video in studio

100

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SOL_ID - PROTOTYPE

Prototype

Images Clockwise from top left; The set, Screen shot of the video - Reggie, Camera women Julie & sound man Pete, Screen shot of the video - Oli

101

SOL_ID

Introduction

Masterplan

Cluster

Unit

Prototype

London: Roof Design

Mycelium

Bogotá: SENA

Bogotá: Plaza de Bolívar

Cali: Construction

Cali: Competition

Credits and Exposure

Time to Rest...

Photographs

SOL_ID

06 - London : Roof design

SOL_ID - ROOF DESIGN : LONDON

6.1 Structural development

London

The design of the canopy derived from a series of designs that enhanced our knowledge on the use of plywood and timber through a rigorous testing process. In this section the evolution of our work and working across continents will be explained. One part of the team was in Colombia, the other in London.

A process of reducing the number of non-load bearing elements went underway but what was achieved was not adequate enough since the cost of the structural elements became cost heavy and over budget. A decision to design new prototypes was taken that satisfied three levels. The diagonal load bearing structure uses beams as a primary structure to support the weight of the whole roof. Each beam was made by To begin, a study of the canopy model was required. The canopy model coupling sheets of plywood allowing high structural resistance alongside was analysed critically and completely built in plywood. However, after a lighter weight. extensive testing it proved to be exhaustive in material consumption. A process of minimisation of the plywood sheets went underway. Our aim A secondary structure, also made with coupling sheets, forms a 90 was to reduce the number of sheets necessary to achieve an adequate degree rotated square of beams which will stand on top of the diagonal structural resistance. and would help support and align the tertiary structure made of cassettes. This design utilizes a cassettes system assembled with slotting pieces. We worked closely with Price & Myers Engineers to achieve a structural solution to the current design.

Digital model of the diagonal structure

104

We worked closely with Price & Myers Engineers to achieve a structural solution to the current design.

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Reasons for rejection

SOL_ID - ROOF DESIGN : LONDON

The diagonal prototype was discarded due to lack of machine power on site. Even though it was a reduction in material, the lack of crane availability left no option but to abandon it. The cassettes system was discarded because of the crane not being available because the blue components needed to be slotted in from above after the red components were in place. (See Diagram.)

Digital model of the tertiary structure

Screen shots of the workflow Rhinoceros + Grasshopper

105

London

Before they were rejected we tried to mix the two ideas together using the cassettes as the tertiary structure of the diagonal prototype but crane availability was still a huge issue.

SOL_ID - ROOF DESIGN : LONDON

London

6.2 Joints

Overview of the joints prototypes: designs and models

Every time we designed a structure we had to design joints specific to that kind of connection. We went through a lot of research and previous designs to develop multiple joints to resolve structural meets: Joints included Multiple sheets connected to create a single beam. The connection between crossing beams and slots for ease of assembly. All of our joints needed to be simple and allow high tolerance since it would be built by hand with minimal experience and tool availability. All these experiments are documented and were very useful to understand the strength of the material, especially the 1:1 scale experiments with the exact plywood sheets.

106

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Adapted Mortise and Tenon joint

SOL_ID - ROOF DESIGN : LONDON

Illustration of structural system

Above is a photograph of the Serpentine Gallery 2005, designed by Alvero Siza Vieira. The construction is an adaptation of a mortise and tenon joint. Above right is a simplified illustration showing how this system works. It is a system which could lend itself well to our canopy for several reasons.

Below is a 1:10 model of this system laser cut out of 3mm plywood. It is the simplest version of the system where each panel is identical to the next.

It was very simple to draw, cut and assemble, however due the thickness of material the grid gradually shifts in one direction as it is replicated over The span of our canopy is approx 14m (including the solar shading) and an area. the CNC bed is 2.4mx1.2m. This system allows you to set the size of each panel to fit the dimensions of the CNC bed, which means maximum efficiency of material. Another benefit of this is that you can ensure that all panels will be a manageable size to be lifted by two people without the need for heavy machinery. In its simplest form each panel of this system would be identical to the next making assembly simple and fast. However it can also be adapted to follow a form (as in the serpentine pavilion) and in this instance the panels would differ and therefore need to be labelled. This system could be applied to our canopy either by constructing the entire canopy in this way or by using this system only for the in fill structure of the roof.

1:10 model of construction system

107

London

Serpentine Gallery 2005, Alvero Siza Vieira

SOL_ID - ROOF DESIGN : LONDON

London

6.3 Adapted Mortise and Tenon Joint - 1:1 prototype

1:1 sample of mortise and tenon joint

Above is a 1:1 sample of the type of joint used in the 2005 Serpentine Gallery, which could be implemented for the roof in fill of the SOL_ID canopy in Colombia. The part was CNC milled in 18mm ply-wood to be the most accurate and useful test possible as this is the current choice of material in Colombia. The file was prepared as a 3D cutting file. (see right) It was cut with an 8mm, 2 flute, end mill bit, recommended for the team in Colombia to use. There is a 0.2mm offset on all slots which seems to give enough tolerance but still tight enough to create strong connection. It is also very easy to take apart and put back together again as it relies on a mechanical fixing rather than just a tight fit.

Cutting file for 1:1 samples

108

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Simple Slotting Joint - 1:1 prototype

SOL_ID - ROOF DESIGN : LONDON

London 1:1 sample of simple slotting joint

Above is an example of a simple slotting joint. It was modelled digitally in 3d and milled on a CNC router in 18mm plywood. There is a secondary slot in the timber which gives the joint extra stability. The primary slot is also narrower on one side in order to fit the secondary slot, meaning that the joint only works one way round however if you repeated the secondary slot on both sides you could make it a universal fit again. Having an uncomplicated assembly method is one of the key features of successful CNC buildings and paramount to the success of ours.

One of the most important purposes of this 1:1 sample, especially with this type of joint, is to test tolerances. In order for this to work over hundreds of joints the tolerance must be sufficient. If the joints are too tight it will never fit each slot when it is repeated across the area of the canopy.

Tension caused by the natural warping of the timber cannot be avoided and so must be accounted for in the tolerance. However if they are too loose it will loose strength and stability. This sample has a 2mm The cut across the bottom of the slot was drawn into the original model offset on the edges of each slot which seemed to work well. However it and is essential because the cutting tool is cylindrical. In order to have a would be best to test it again in Colombia as the humidity could cause flat surface for the pieces to meet you must overshoot the width of the the plywood to swell. It would also be beneficial to test it over a small slot in the tool path. section of grid to see if the tensions created change the required offset.

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London

Expanding Joint - 1:10 prototype

1:1 sample of Expanding joint

This joint was designed as a solution to the unknown potential of tolerance issues across so many slotted joints in such a humid climate. The expanding joint uses threaded steel nuts and washers to create a spacer between the panels. This mechanical spacer allows you to contract the panels to fit into the joint and then expand them to create a tight fit giving extra strength and stability. This joint at 1:10 was laser cut in mdf. Because the purpose wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t to test for tolerance but for how well it worked mechanically it was sufficient to test it in a different scale and material. The test proved that the concept worked very well however having so many fixings to tighten and loosen could increase labour across the whole canopy against a limited time scale..

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Sketched design of expanding joint

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SOL_ID - ROOF DESIGN : LONDON

6.4 Change of design

We started working on a simplification of the cassettes system. The previous pattern could be used on its own as a reciprocal structure on a 90 degrees grid since the red crosses could create a system of beams connecting the columns. The side “wings” would then be assembled on the ground separately and fixed into place once the structure was built.

Blow up of the design in Rhinoceros

The optimization of the cassettes system proved to be working on some levels but lacking on others. For the self supporting feature to work, the joints needed to be as tight as possible but this didn’t work for our need of high tolerance between pieces. Moreover the high number of very similar pieces would require a level of organization and space for storage that we didn’t have. This were then the reason for this design rejection.

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London

The new design would even allow us to assemble the cassettes on the ground and then lift and compose them in a sequence designed not to need external supports.

SOL_ID

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6.5 Final design in London

SOL_ID - ROOF DESIGN : LONDON

The final design we achieved in London was different from the one we eventually built in Colombia due to the lack of time. On site we needed to make quick decisions so it became natural to chose the solution we had at hand. In London the final product is a cassettes roof that is held in position using a main frame system made with 5 layers of plywood that also forms the load bearing columns. A secondary frame holds the cassettes together and is used to connect the cassettes to the main frame once they are in position.

London

Using a parametric software allowed us to have complete control over the structure so that even a huge change in dimensions could be addressed within minutes. This kind of software also gave us the chance to layout and nest all the components on sheets ready for the CNC machine for the building or the Laser cutting machine we used for the 1:10 model. Screen shot of the workflow

The assembly strategy we use is designed for students to build only with the use of a forklift and 4 ropes. First we joined the four main frame components made with 5 layers of plywood. Using the forklift we lifted them in position one by one connecting them piece by piece. Once the frame is in place we can assemble the cassettes. The assembly of the cassettes can be completed on the ground, when all the pieces are in position we obtain a solid structure that can be lifted by eight people using the four corner ropes. Once in position the cassettes system is bolted to the main frame and the ropes can be released. At this stage the rooftop is ready for the cladding since the pieces are cut with the slight slope for the rainwater to flow. Finally, the corner “wings” have to be build on the ground and attached to the main frame just like the cassettes, with the use of the forklift. This structure respected the preliminary requests and budget but not the final ones. This further changed when the team had to make spur of the moment decisions on site in Bogotá (SENA & Plaza de Bolívar) and Cali. 113

SOL_ID

Introduction

Masterplan

Cluster

Unit

Prototype

London: Roof Design

Mycelium

Bogotá: SENA

Bogotá: Plaza de Bolívar

Cali: Construction

Cali: Competition

Credits and Exposure

Time to Rest...

Photographs

07 - Material research : Mycelium

SOL_ID - MYCELIUM

7.0 Material research : Mycelium

(fŭn-jī, fŭnghgī)

Mycelium

Fun·gus

Myc-eilum (mī-sēlē-em)

Mush-room (’m |ru:m; -rųm)

n, pl -lia

1. (Botany) the vegetative body of fungi: a mass of branching filaments (hyphae) that spread throughout the nutrient substratum 2. A similar mass of fibers formed by certain bacteria.

1. (Botany) the fleshy spore-producing body of any of various basidiomycetous fungi, typically consisting of a cap (pileus) at the end of a stem arising from an underground mycelium 2. to Grow rapidly

[C19 (literally: nail of fungus): from myco- + Greek hēlos nail] mycelial adj myceloid adj

∆

[C15: from Old French mousseron, from Late Latin mussiriō, of obscure origin]

Fungus growth timeline

Mycelium is a self assembling material found in the root structure of fungus, that can transform organic waste and other materials into a single fibrous monolith. These characteristics produce a polymer acting material that can be used as a place holder for the polymers that are required in the plastic industry. n, pl fungi

1. (Plants) any member of a kingdom of organisms (Fungi) that lack chlorophyll, leaves, true stems, and roots, reproduce by spores, and live as saprotrophs or parasites. The group includes moulds, mildews, rusts, yeasts, and mushrooms 2. something resembling a fungus, esp in suddenly growing and spreading rapidly 3. (Pathology) pathol any soft tumorous growth

Looking for an organic substitute for conventional building materials, the SOL_ID research in material performance has been concentrated this year on Mycelium, taking advantage of its qualities of almost zero net carbon production footprint, flexibility in building, use of local resources and ideas of circular economies.

Unlike other organic materials Mycelium has on average a 85-90% Feeding on carbon and nitrogen, mycelium has a high performance calcium content which after heat treatment leaves a dense, insulating when grown within substrates such as rice straw, wheat straw, paper and rigid fire resistant mass that can be cast into any shape. waste, cottonseed husks and sawdust. Rigidity in fungi is achieved with the chitin component of polysaccharides. This forms the skeletal The current variance in microbiological slants allow for different species structure of the fungi and defines the mycelium cellular structure. to be used in any part of the world and spores designed to work with local waste production. Similar to expanded polystyrene, mycelium has the ability to mould into any shape and high insulating properties whilst allowing for an unique lightweight language of architectural development. [C16: from Latin: mushroom, fungus; probably related to Greek spongossponge]

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SOL_ID - MYCELIUM

Mycelium Close-up of mycelium perforated wall

Whilst the use of expandable foam creates a new platform for low-cost production and installation on site. Mycelium defines a production cycle that has a high sustainability performance through its almost no waste manufacturing process. Regenerative use of local agricultural waste and ability to be fully compostable leaves no harmful mark to the environment. With a heavy industry of agricultural and coffee production and recently developed mycological interest, Colombia has provided us with a great test bed of introducing this material as a responsible option to a predominantly self-built housing market. ½ R@@FN ½ R@@FN ½ R@@FN

¾ R@@FN ¾ R@@FN ¾ R@@FN

JNO KMJ>@NN@? JNO KMJ>@NN@? JNO KMJ>@NN@?

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Mycelium

7.1 Growth Process

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1. GRAIN SPAWN PRODUCTION

2. RAW MATERIALS SOURCING

Grain Spawn provides the initial mycological material for production. Spore prints or mushroom fungus are first populated in a sealed petri dish of high nutrient liquid and after colonisation in a more robust food source to obtain the necessary product.

The raw materials or substrate for this part of the process form the bulk, nutrients and structure for the final prototype material, their main function consisting in providing a reservoir of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.

5. PASTEURISATION

6. INOCULATION

The substrate material needs to be pasteurised prior to being put in contact with the spawn grain, in order to avoid contact with other harmful organisms. This can be done either through using an autoclave or under high temperature using a kiln.

This is the primary stage of mycelial growth. The mycelium culture is mixed with the sterilised substrate to be placed in the desired mould. This must be done in a clean environment with occupants wearing gloves, hairnets and masks.

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SOL_ID - MYCELIUM

4. SUBSTRATE PREPARATION

This stage consists in creating the defining formwork for the bio-material. The vacuum formed plastic mould which will finally be sealed with a polyethylene lid will form a semi hermetic container which will ensure constant humidity and reduce the effects of air borne contamination.

Substrate preparation implies the mixture of the required raw materials, which will be hydrated and prepared for the process of pasteurisation. This is done in a separate room from the place of inoculation to reduce airborne cross contamination.

7. CLIMATISATION

8. POST PROCESS

The desired growth is achieved in high humidity, low light and low air change environments. The environmental control will promote homogeneity in results and can also be used to discourage the growth of the unwanted pre fruiting bodies.

The final stage aims to remove residual moisture from the geometry and stop further growth of the material. This process also hardens the material and reduces the flexibility by creating a single fibrous monolithic mass. This can be achieved through a combination of dehumidification and heat exposure.

Mycelium

3. MOULD PREPARATION

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Mycelium

Experiment 1 : Tube

Sample 1.4, week 4

Sample 1.4, week 5

10,000

Ceramics

Ceramics Metal and Alloys

Composites

1,000

100

Polymers

Glass

10 Rubber

Metal and Alloys

1,000 Strength (MPa)

Wood and Wood product

Strength (MPa)

1,000

100

Glass

100

Composites Polymers

Foam

100

1,000 Density(Kg/m )

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Rubber

Wood and Wood product

10,000

30,000

100

1,000 Density(Kg/m )

10,000

30,000

100

1 Cost(ÂŁ/kg)

100

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Experiment 2 : Cohesion

SOL_ID - MYCELIUM

Mycelium

Sample 2.5, inoculation

Sample 2.5 & 2.6, week 6

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Mycelium

Experiment 3 : Burr

Sample 5.1, week 7

Sample 5.11, week 7

Test samples

Assembled burr

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SOL_ID - MYCELIUM

Experiment 4 : Perforated wall

Sample 4.5, week 6

Sample 5.2, week 4

Sample 5.6, week 6

Experiment 5 : Panel wall

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Mycelium

Sample 4.5, week 5

SOL_ID - MYCELIUM

Mycelium

Current mycelial arrangements available do not take advantage of the prototypical fibrous characteristics or itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ability to populate irregular geometries created through moulds. The aim of this study was to explore the use of Ganoderma Lucidum and Pleurotus Ostreatus in various geometric configurations and to create a methodology for the exploration of volumes greater than the standard block. Subsequent to this, substrate and composition variance were tested for optimum configuration and application within the SOL_ ID prototype.

Mycelium examples

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SOL_ID - MYCELIUM

Mycelium Mycelial arrangements

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7.2 Mycelium Production in Colombia

Following our research into the mycological society currently existing in Colombia we considered the different scenarios available and evaluated which is most appropriate in the context of the competition.

Mycelium

Through designing a prototypical portion of the SOL_ID house using mycelium, our aim was to show the capabilities of the material and communicate the benefits of the material to competition spectators. The appropriateness of a solution has been graded on several factors such as cost, complexity, availability of appropriate facilities and materials and the impact on embodied energy. In July, we set up a partnership with Sandra Montoya and The Bioprocessing Plant of University of Caldas. Located in Manizales, a region with strong agricultural ties, and an established mycological department, this partnership helped us secure local materials and necessary facilities for growth of the material. Following a three day workshop in October, the design and process of growth was defined with the purpose of producing approximately 200 mycelium bricks of various species creating different partition walls part of the prototype.

Visit to the Bioprocessing Plant in Manizales, July 2015

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Cauca

DOR Medallin

mers Caldas

University

SOL_ID - MYCELIUM

Setas de Cuiva

Local Farmers

01_Grain Spawn 1_11 Grainspawn

Bogota

U.O.Caldas

University of Caldas

02_Raw Materials 2_11 2_12 2_13 2_14 2_15 2_21

Straw Casorellana Woodchip Gypsum Oatbran Coffee Delivery to Farm ?

Valle del Cauca CAMPEADOR Medallin Solar Decathlon , Cali

Local Farmers Caldas

03_Delivery 3_21 Farm to London

Mycelium

teamheliomet.com

100km of University

04_Mould Prep

Info Web

4_11 4_12 4_13 4_21 4_22 4_23 4_24 4_25

HIP Plastic Polypropelyene MDF Bandsaw Drill Sander Vacumforming Cleaning

Cass Works Map of Colombia

200 km

05_Substrate Prep 5_11 Water Location 5_21 Mixing (Hand)

09_21

01_11

U.O.Caldas

Setas de Cuiva

06_Pasteurisation 6_11 Turkey Bag 6_21 Kiln 6_22 Transport

04_11

U.O.Caldas

09_22 02_11

Local Farmers

05_21

03_21

06_22

07_22

08_21

07_Innoculation 7_11 7_12 7_13 7_14 7_21 7_22

Ethanol U.O.Caldas Bogota H202 Adhesive University of Caldas Cotton Breathing strips Mold filling ( Hand ) Transport to incubation

Processing Kiln Drying Dehumdifier Compression

04_11

07_11 09_22

02_14

04_12

07_11

02_15

04_13

07_12

U.O.Caldas

09_Post Process 9_21 9_22 9_23 9_24

02_13

CassWorks

08_Climatisation 8_21 Oil Heater Solar Decathlon , Cali

09_22

02_12

U.O.Caldas 07_13

Map considering logistics of location

Process chart of mycelium production Growth process considerations for scenario one

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s Map of Colombia

200 km

Map of United Kingdom

SOL_ID - MYCELIUM

Agricultural waste samples

Mycelium

Mycelium samples to be used for inoculation

Hard mould for mycelium bricks with inserted tube

Square light mould created during workshop

Sizing and level matching of mycelium bricks

Growth day 5

Growth day 8

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Hard mould standard bricks

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SOL_ID - MYCELIUM

Small samples of various species and compositions

Mycelium

Waste samples to be processed and reused

Small sample of Pleurotus Ostreatus

Dehumidification of Ganoderma Lucidum bricks

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Introduction

Masterplan

Cluster

Unit

Prototype

London: Roof Design

Mycelium

Bogotá: SENA

Bogotá: Plaza de Bolívar

Cali: Construction

Cali: Competition

Credits and Exposure

Time to Rest...

Photographs

08 - Bogotรก : SENA

SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

8.1 We Have a Building Site

The National Training Service, SENA (‘Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje’), is a public institution working on a national scale. It provides free technical and practical training to millions of Colombians, everything from cooking to carpentry, with all the facilities necessary. The institution says it is ‘focused on the economic, technological and social development of the country’. On our first visit the huge public investment in SENA was obvious – from the quality of the facilities to the attitude of its students, the team was majorly impressed. It felt the institution is achieving their goal. Without the space and facilities provided by SENA, SOL_ID would never have made it beyond the drawing board. Team HelioMet are extremely grateful for their support.

SENA

Only hand tools and raw materials were now left to source.

SENA Soacha: our new construction facility

Pacing out the plot

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SENA Soacha: First meetings with the workshop technicians

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8.2 Official Start of SOL_ID

SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

The tape is down, weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re ready to go!

SENA Laying out site

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SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

8.3 Constructing The Floor

Timber is delivered to site cut to size. Now the team has the big job of putting the pieces together. A puzzle for 5 unexperienced students.

Bolts and Screws secure the timber together

SENA

Plan layout of cassette type B

Stage one of cassette building complete

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SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

SENA All cassettes finished. Ready for the next step!

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SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

8.4 A typical day at SENA

06.10 Transmillenio to Soacha

07.00 Overalls and safety gear on.

10.00 Tea Break

13.00 Lunchtime, for less than ยฃ1!

13.30 A quick break in the sun

14.00 Work continues

17.00 Snack time

19.00 Clean up and go home

20.00 Transmilennio to Bogotรก

21.00 Dinner and continued admin

23.00 Lights out...for some

SENA

06.00 Breakfast on the go

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SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

Time for a lifting test. Will the cassette hold together and balance on the forks?

SENA

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SENA

SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

10 days after the team started the first cassette, the steel bearers were laid. The level concrete yard was extremely helpful!

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SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

The cassettes were lifted outside and placed manually. Six people were needed for the lift. Our new Colombian friends were keen to help whenever we were in need. Next was the installation of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;formulettaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; board to the underside.

SENA

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Over Lap Detail 763 F

SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

33mm x 140mm Pine Joists Cross Lapped to Span Josists 3 X M12 Bolted Connection Countersunk

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8.5 Timber Preservative Treatment

9mm Plywood Base 1

TEAM NAME: Over Lap Detail 763

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The timber treatment consisted of paint and diesel - a local recipe for preservative.

120mm x 60mm Steel Box Section

600mm x 600mm Concrete Padstone 33mm x 140mm Pine Joists Cross Lapped to Span Josists

UK ADDRESS:

3 X M12 Bolted Connection Countersunk

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CONTACT

9mm Plywood Base

CONSULTANTS NAME:Or TEAM Future Urban SUPERFUSION

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120mm x 60mm Steel Box Section

600mm x 600mm Concrete Padstone

Floor Cassette Long Section

---

UK ADDRESS:

CLIENT

SOLAR LATIN AME CONTACT

Floor Cassette Short Section

---

http://www.so

C 351

CONSULTANTS Urban Future Or SUPERFUSION

351

140

33mm x 140mm Pine Joists Cross Lapped to Span Josists

---

3 X M12 Bolted Connection Countersunk

Floor Cassette Long Section

9mm Plywood Base

Final 2016/01/26 CLIENT A

120mm x 60mm Steel Box Section

---

2015/11/10

SOLAR AME MARKLATIN DATE

Floor Cassette Short Section 120

http://www.so LOT NUMBER

CONTENT BY: 351

351

600mm x 600mm Concrete Padstone 33mm x 140mm Pine Joists Cross Lapped to Span Josists Made Ground

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Detail of floor cassette construction

DRAWN BY: CHECKED BY: COPYRIGHT:

SHEET TITLE

9mm Plywood Base

SENA

3 X M12 Bolted Connection Countersunk

Floor C Final 2016/01/26

120

2015/11/10

MARK

DATE

120mm x 60mm Steel Box Section

LOT NUMBER

CONTENT BY:

600mm x 600mm Concrete Padstone

40 1

DRAWN BY: CHECKED BY: COPYRIGHT:

Made Ground SHEET TITLE

Floor C A

S 1

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8.6 Sapan : Decking Begins

SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

SENA

Our first encounter with the local hardwood, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Sapanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;: Hard as nails, dense and viscous.

Whilst the frames are finished inside, decking the cassettes with sapan begins. Hours passed before the best method was found.

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SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

SENA

Marking up for splitting the cassettes: cutting the Sapan

The centre ‘knock-out’ board constructed

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A Happy team: the age of Sapan is over

Edging detail and cassette fixings

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8.7 Lateral Arches: Fabrication and Sealing

SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

SENA

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SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

SENA

8.8 Envelope : Frame Prototype

Production of the envelope begins. The team showing two different frame types.

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SOL_ID - BOGOTA : SENA

8.9 Envelope : Manufacture

Three variations of frame; A, B and C. Each light enough to be handled by two people and easy to install.

Entrance door

Double door

SENA

A B C Frame relaxation!

diagram frames

0. 0.

frames A B C