Modes of Existence in the Sea

Modes of existence, orâ&#x20AC;Ś

LIFESTYLES in the Ocean Robert Perry Malibu High School

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The 3 Main Lifestyles in the Sea 1- NEKTON 2- PLANKTON

3- BENTHOS

SQUID, FISH,SWIMMERS; POWERFUL WHALES, CAN SWIM AGAINST DOLPHINS, TURTLES,THE CURRENTS SHARKS, PELAGIC BIRDS DIATOMS, WEAK SWIMMERS or DINOFLAGELLATES, DRIFTERS - CANNOT COPEPODS, SWIM AGAINST and THE LARVAE CURRENTS BARNACLES, ORGANISMS KELP, THAT LIVE SEA WEEDS, ON OR INSIDE LOBSTERS, THE CRABS, BOTTOM CLAMS, URCHINS, WORMS

1- NEKTON

POWERFUL SWIMMERS; CAN SWIM AGAINST THE CURRENTS

delmarseafood.com

2- PLANKTON dinoflagellate

WEAK SWIMMERS and DRIFTERS; CANNOT SWIM AGAINST THE CURRENTS

diatom copepod

PHYTOPLANKTON Autotrophic plankton such as cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates that use simple inorganic substances to make their own food.

ZOOPLANKTON Heterotrophic plankton such as protozoans and animals that cannot make food and must eat (consume food).

CLASSIFYING PLANKTON BY ITâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ENERGY SOURCE

2- PLANKTON

WEAK SWIMMERS and DRIFTERS; CANNOT SWIM AGAINST THE CURRENTS clam larvae

HOLOPLANKTON Planktonic organisms that are permanently planktonic; they are born, grow, live, mate and die of old age in the plankton.

MEROPLANKTON Temporarily planktonic organisms; often called “larvae,” they begin as plankton then metamorphose to something else later (benthos or nekton).

CLASSIFYING PLANKTON BY LIFE CYCLE OR LIFE HISTORY

2- PLANKTON

WEAK SWIMMERS and DRIFTERS; CANNOT SWIM AGAINST THE CURRENTS

PICOPLANKTON

0.2 µm to 2 µm

NANOPLANKTON

2 µm to 20 µm (0.02 mm)

MICROPLANKTON

20 µm (0.02 mm) to 200 µm (0.2 mm)

MESOPLANKTON

0.2 mm to 20 mm (2 cm)

MACROPLANKTON

2 cm to 20 cm

MEGAPLANKTON

20 cm and larger

CLASSIFYING PLANKTON BY BODY SIZE

NET PLANKTON

1 mm = 1000 µm

2- PLANKTON SIZE GROUPS: PICOPLANKTON Bacteria; viruses e.g. Prochlorococcus Aka “Bacterioplankton” NANOPLANKTON

Small diatoms, dino’s & silicoflagellates Lingulodinium polyedra

MICROPLANKTON

Large diatoms, dinos and small zooplankton Coscinodiscus sp.; radiolarians Huge diatoms, dinos, &small/med zoos Ceratium inflatum; Copepods Big zooplankton. Arrow worms; krill. Huge zooplankton. Atlantic Sargassum; big jellies and salps

MESOPLANKTON MACROPLANKTON MEGAPLANKTON

2- SPECIAL PLANKTON GROUP:

NEUSTON ORGANISMS THAT LIVE AT THE SURFACE (UPPER 1mm) Very susceptible to effects of pollution and floating debris.

Halobates sp. Water-Strider

Physalia sp. Man-O-War Fish eggs and embryos

3- BENTHOS Macrocystis

Panulirus

EPIBENTHOS Benthic plants, animals and protists that live attached to the seafloor. Some are permanently attached (sessile), and some are free living (motile).

ORGANISMS THAT LIVE ON OR INSIDE THE BOTTOM OF THE OCEAN. Argopecten

INFAUNA Benthic animals and protists that live INSIDE the sand, mud or rocks that make up the ocean bottom.

PRACTICE QUIZ TIME !! NUMBER YOUR PAPER FROM 1 to 11