Zenith Global Report
Water Dispense Report East Europe A comprehensive analysis of the water dispense markets
2019
Copyright All copyright in this document is reserved. Liability This document contains information and may contain conclusions and recommendations. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information is accurate and that the opinions expressed are sound. However, Zenith Global Ltd cannot be made liable for any errors or omissions or for any losses or consequential losses resulting from decisions based on the information. Important notice on distribution This report should not be quoted, referred to or transmitted to another party, in whole or in part, with out the prior written consent of Zenith Global Ltd. Should you desire to release a copy of this report to another party for information purposes, we request you and the requesting party to indemnify Zenith Global Ltd from any liability related to the report distribution. Such readers however will not be considered “users� of this report.
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Contents Section 1. Introduction and scope 2. Water dispense market overview 3. Bottled water dispense analysis, insights and opportunities 4. Mains fed point of use water dispense analysis, insights and opportunities 5. Integrated tap system analysis, insights & opportunities 6.Country reports 7. East Europe data reports 8. Appendix – acronyms and abbreviations
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Country market analysis Section Belarus Bulgaria Czech Republic Hungary Poland Romania Russia Ukraine
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Country data report Section Croatia Estonia Latvia Lithuania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia
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Introduction and Scope
© Zenith Global Ltd 2019
Introduction and scope Introduction
Scope
Zenith Global has actively reported on the Austrian water dispense market for over twenty years, providing unparalleled insights into the market’s dynamics and evolution. To reflect the evolution of water dispense, Zenith has revised the 2019 report, with specific coverage on mains fed under the sink/counter integrated tap systems which dispense hot, cold, boiling and sparkling filtered/purified water. Mains fed freestanding/countertop point of use units as well as bottle fed dispense units continue to be reported. Zenith Global has also increased focus on market insights and opportunities with vertical specific commentary and recent innovation reporting.
Commentary
In producing our reports, we aim to contact every significant company active in the appropriate sector and to provide as complete a picture as possible at a price accessible to any business with a serious commercial interest. This 2019 water dispense report contains text, charts and tables provide analysis of recent market developments and innovations. We are particularly grateful for the help we have received from these companies in compiling this report. Where direct company figures are unavailable, best estimates have been provided. This, Zenith Global’s 25th report, represents exceptional coverage of the East European water dispense market and we hope that you find it useful in your business planning. As our research is updated on a regular basis, we always welcome any comments or suggestions about possible improvements.
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Definitions – Water dispense Water dispense: Water dispense units where the primary function is the dispense of filtered and purified water, comprising bottled fed dispense units, mains fed freestanding/countertop point of use units and under the sink/counter integrated tap systems dispensing as defined below. Bottled water dispense (BWD) units: A unit that dispenses bottled purified, spring or mineral water. The unit can be installed under a rental/service agreement or purchased outright by the customer. Water bottles and pouches are delivered direct to the customer by a distributor. and empty bottles taken away. New bottles and pouches are either placed underneath the unit or inverted and placed on top of the machine. For top fed coolers, a feed tube spike from the machine penetrates the watertight cap in the bottle and opens the valve within the cap, thereby allowing water to flow into the machine or bottle where just a pump is used. The same process is used with bottom fed water coolers with a pump to transfer the water to the point of dispense. Water can be is dispensed either hot, cold or ambient from both top and bottom fed water dispensers. Disposable cups may be provided and are located in a tube on the front or side. Machines are freestanding or table-top and are suitable for larger bottle/pouch formats which are bigger than 10 litres and are therefore larger than those distributed in packaged formats through retail outlets. Mains fed dispense units: Mains fed filtered point of use (POU) and mains fed under the sink/counter integrated tap systems (ITS) combined as a total as defined below. Mains fed freestanding/countertop point of use units (POU) dispensing filtered and purified water: A water dispense device that is plumbed into a mains fed water supply, improving the quality of water via filtration or purification methods. Such machines have drip trays and some have drainage systems. The water can be dispensed cold, ambient, sparkling or hot and available as freestanding or table-top units. Typical methods include ultra violet (UV) and carbon filter however reverse osmosis units are also available.
Under the sink/under the counter mains fed integrated tap systems (ITS) with functionality dispensing filtered and purified water: A water system that filters/purifies mains water and directs the water to the tap. These systems may utilise carbon filtration, combined/staged filtration or reverse osmosis technology.to purify or filter the water. These units can provide ambient, chilled, hot or sparkling water. The units are placed either under the sink or under the counter and are referred to as ‘under counter’ or ‘under sink’ systems. Hybrid mains fed point of use (HPOU) dispense unit: beverage, soda, juice dispense units which can dispense water but whose primary purpose is not water. Water boilers: whose primary function is to boil water as a source of hot water for making hot drinks such as tea and coffee. Vending machines: an automated machine that provides ready to drink hot and cold beverages.
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Verticals Workplace:
Public and Private sector offices and workplaces including municipal, government, factories, armed forces, police, fire, prisons.
HoReCa:
Hotels, Restaurants and Catering including bars, pubs, nightclubs. foodservice, cafĂŠs.
Healthcare:
Public and Private Sector medical centres, hospitals, care homes, nursing homes.
Education:
Public and Private sector schools, sixth form colleges, universities, nurseries.
Retail:
Shops, hairdressers, showrooms.
Transport Hubs:Airports, transport hubs. Domestic:
Residential homes.
Leisure / Gyms: Leisure centres, gyms, tennis and other sports centres, activity centres.
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Water dispense market overview
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East Europe Market overview – Water dispense market evolution Commentary
400
80
350
70
300
60
250
50
200
40
150
30
100
20
50
10
0
0 2014
BWD Units
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Million €
Dispense market evolution, 2014-2018
Installed units
•
2015 POU Units
2016
2017
UTS Units
2018 Total revenue ($ mln)
East Europe Market overview - Water dispense market evolution 2014
Bottled Water Dispense (BWD) Units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point Of Use (POU) Units % growth Units per '000 people Integrated Tap Systems (ITS) Units % growth Units per '000 people Total Units % growth POU % share BWD % share ITS % share 12
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2015
2016
2017
2018 14-18 % CAGR
Total water dispense Market overview Water dispense units by country, 2018
Russia Poland Ukraine
Romania Lithuania Bulgaria Serbia Czech Republic
Latvia Croatia Hungary Estonia Belarus
Slovakia Slovenia
BWD units
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POU units
Dispensers/pumps
ITS units
Total water dispense unit volume 2014 Belarus Bulgaria Croatia
Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Romania
Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Ukraine Total
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2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
2018-14 CAGR
East Europe Revenue market analysis-Water dispense (bottled water, point of use and integrated tap) •
Commentary
Water dispense revenue, 2014-18 700 608
575
600 542 524
547
512 508
500 million EUR
576
529
489
400
300
200
100 18 0
20
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28
3.4 3.1 1.7 0.9 0.6 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 BWD revenue (€ mln) POU revenue (€ mln) ITS revenue (€ mln)
15
22
Total revenue (€ mln)
East Europe Market overview - Price structure and revenue indicators Bottled water
2017
2018
Price structure and revenue indicators
Average monthly rental (€)
•
Average bottle price (€)
Price structure and revenue indicators
Total revenue (€)
•
Commentary
Commentary
- revenue from rented units
Price structure and revenue indicators - revenue from sold units
• Mains fed point of use
2017
2018
2017
2018
Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€) Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units - revenue from sold units Integrated tap system Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€) Total revenue (€)
- revenue from rented units - revenue from sold units 16
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Commentary
East Europe Dispense type
Total Units
Bottled Water Dispense Point of Use
Integrated Tap Systems Total water dispense unit penetration • Commentary
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Units per `000 people
East Europe Market overview – key acquisitions Key acquisitions
•
18
Commentary
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East Europe Innovation and disruption Commentary
Picture of potential disruptor product
Company - product
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East Europe Market overview - Water dispense market forecast 2018 Bottled Water Dispense (BWD) Units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point Of Use (POU) Units % growth Units per '000 people Integrated Tap System (ITS) Units
% growth Units per '000 people Total Units
% growth POU % share
BWD % share UTS % Š share 20 Zenith Global Ltd 2019
2019f
2020f
2021f
2022f
2023f
18-23f CAGR
18-23f %
European market overview Water dispense market forecast •
21
Commentary
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3
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Bottled water dispense analysis, insights and opportunities
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East Europe Bottled water dispense – Volume market analysis 1,400,000 1,380,000 1,360,000 1,340,000 1,320,000 1,300,000 1,280,000 1,260,000 1,240,000 1,220,000 1,200,000
2,468
2,500.0
1,373,152
2,359
2,400.0 1,338,748 1,311,689 1,282,484 1,267,553
2,300.0 2,200.0
2,252
2,160
2,183
2014
2015
2,100.0 2,000.0
2014
2015
Market drivers and dynamics
23
Bottled water dispense volume, 2014-18
Million litres
BWD installed units
Bottled water dispense units, 2014-18
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2016
2017
2018
2016
2017
2018
East Europe Bottled water dispense - Units installed by company Machines in December
Company A Company B
Total market
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2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
East Europe Bottled water dispense - Volume in million litres by company Million litres Company A Company B
Total market
25
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2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
4
26
Mains fed point of use water dispense analysis, insights and opportunities
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East Europe Mains fed point of use water dispense - Volume market analysis Point of use units, 2014-18 140,000
POU installed units
120,000 100,000
80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0
Market drivers and dynamics •
Commentary
Conversion •
27
Commentary
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0
0
0
0
East Europe Mains fed point of use water dispense - Units installed by distributor Machines in December
2014
Total market 28
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2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
5
29
Integrated tap systems analysis, insights and opportunities
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East Europe Integrated tap systems - Volume market analysis ITS units, 2014-18 160
150 140
140
130
BWD installed units
120 120 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 2014
Market drivers and dynamics •
30
Commentary
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2015
2016
2017
2018
East Europe Integrated tap systems - Units installed by company Machines in December
Total market
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2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
6
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Country Report [ Country]
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[Country] Market overview - Water dispense market evolution •
Commentary
Dispense market evolution, 2014-2018 9,000,000
4800 4750
8,000,000
4700 7,000,000
4600
5,000,000
4550
4,000,000
4500
Million €
Installed units
4650 6,000,000
4450
3,000,000
4400 2,000,000 4350 1,000,000
4300
0
4250 2014
BWD Units
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2015 POU Units
2016
2017
UTS Units
2018 Total revenue ($ mln)
[Country] Market overview - Water dispense market evolution 2014 Bottled water dispense (BWD) units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point of use (POU) units % growth Units per '000 people
Integrated tap system (ITS) units % growth Units per '000 people Total units % growth BWD % share POU % share ITS % share 34
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2015
2016
2017
2018
14-18 CAGR
[Country] Market overview - Water dispense revenue analysis •
Commentary
Water dispense revenue 2014-18 80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
2014
35
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2015
2016
2017
BWD revenue ($ mln)
POU revenue ($ mln)
UTS revenue ($ mln)
Total revenue ($ mln)
2018
[Country] Market overview - Price structure and revenue indicators Bottled water dispensers
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
Average monthly rental (€) Average bottle price (€) Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units - revenue from bottled water sales
Mains fed point of use Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€) Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units - revenue from sold units
Integrated tap system Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€)
Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units - revenue from sold units 36
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•
Commentary
[Country] Market overview - Units per capita Country - Penetration 2018 Dispense type Bottled water dispense Point of use
Integrated tap systems
•
37
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Commentary
Total units
Units per `000 people
[Country] Market overview - Mode of commercialisation Water dispense type Bottled water dispense Point of use Integrated tap systems
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Mode of commercialisation
Commentary
[Country] Innovation and disruption Industry innovation
Key acquisitions
•
•
39
Commentary
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Commentary
[Country] Innovation and disruption Commentary
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[Country] Market overview - Water dispense market forecast 2018 Bottled water dispense (BWD) units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point of use (POU) units % growth
Units per '000 people Integrated tap system (ITS) units % growth Units per '000 people Total units % growth BWD % share POU % share ITS % share 41
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2019f
2020f
2021f
2022f
2023f
18-23f CAGR
18-23f
[Country] Market overview- Future water consumption trends •
Commentary
Overall water consumption, % of million litres 2018
50%
50%
Small pack
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BWD
[Country] Market overview - Water dispense market forecast
P
E
S
T
L
E
Political
Economic
Social
Technological
Legal
Environmental
Commentary
.
Opportunities Commentary
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[Country] Bottled water dispense - Volume market analysis Bottled water dispense units, 2014-18
100 Million litres
BWD installed units
60.0
60.0
100 80 60
50.0
50.0 40.0
40.0 30.0
30.0
40
20.0
20
10.0 0.0 2014
2015
Market drivers and dynamics
44
70.0
70.0
120
0
•
80.0
140 130
140 120
Bottled water dispense volume, 2014-18 150
160
Commentary
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2016
2017
2018
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
[Country] Bottled water dispense - Units installed by company Machines in December
Total market
45
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2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
[Country] Bottled water dispense - Volume in million litres by company Million litres
Total market
46
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2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
[Country] Bottled water dispense - Market structure Throughput Litres per dispense unit 18.9l bottles per dispense unit per month
Throughput •
Commentary
Cancellations •
Commentary
Contract lengths •
47
Commentary
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2017
2018
Cancellations Quit rate %
2017
2018
[Country] Bottled water dispense - Market analysis
BWD features and benefits %, 2018
Features and benefits •
Commentary
25%
25% Chilled Chilled-hot
Chilled-hot-boiling 25%
Machine types •
25%
Other
BWD features and benefits %, 2018
Commentary 30%
35%
Still Sparkling Still-sparkling 35%
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[Country] Bottled water dispense - Market analysis Verticals •
POU verticals %, 2018
Commentary Workplace 20% 29%
HoReCa Healthcare
5%
Education
2% 4%
Retail Transport Hubs Domestic
10%
20% 10%
49
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Leisure / Gyms Others
[Country] Bottled water dispense - Analysis of leading verticals
50
Workplace
Domestic
Retail
Key features and benefits
Key features and benefits
Key features and benefits
•
•
•
Commentary
Commentary
Commentary
Specific drivers
Specific drivers
Specific drivers
•
•
•
Commentary
Commentary
Commentary
Key players
Key players
Key players
•
•
•
Commentary
Commentary
Commentary
Overall opportunity
Overall opportunity
Overall opportunity
•
•
•
Commentary
© Zenith Global Ltd 2019
Commentary
Commentary
[Country] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Volume market analysis POU units, 2014-18 160 BWD installed units
140 120
120
130
140
150
2017
100
Replacement rate %
100
Number of units
80 60 40 20 0 2014
2015
Market drivers and dynamics •
Commentary
•
Conversion
•
Commentary
51
Units added
© Zenith Global Ltd 2019
2016
2017
BWD to POU conversions
2018
2018
Replacement POU (New) 2017
2018
[Country] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Units installed by distributor Machines in December
Total market
52
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2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
[Country] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Market analysis Features and benefits •
POU features and benefits %, 2018
Commentary
33%
Chilled Chilled-hot Chilled-hot-boiling
59% 8%
Other
Machine types •
Commentary
POU features and benefits %, 2018
41%
Still Sparkling
59%
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Still-sparkling
[Country] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Market analysis Verticals •
POU verticals %, 2018
Commentary 5% 1% 8%
Workplace
5%
HoReCa Healthcare
4%
Education
50%
5%
Retail Transport Hubs Domestic
17% 5%
54
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Leisure / Gyms Others
[Country] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Analysis of leading verticals
55
Workplace
Healthcare
Education
Key features and benefits
Key features and benefits
Key features and benefits
•
•
•
Commentary
Commentary
Commentary
Specific drivers
Specific drivers
Specific drivers
•
•
•
Commentary
Commentary
Commentary
Key players
Key players
Key players
•
•
•
Commentary
Commentary
Commentary
Overall opportunity
Overall opportunity
Overall opportunity
•
•
•
Commentary
© Zenith Global Ltd 2019
Commentary
Commentary
[Country] Integrated tap systems - Volume market analysis Integrated Tap System units, 2014-18 17,000 16,444
16,500 16,012 ITS units
16,000 15,621 15,500
15,300 15,000
15,000 14,500 14,000 0
0
Market drivers and dynamics •
56
Commentary
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0
0
0
[Country] Integrated tap systems - Units installed by company Machines in December
Total market
57
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2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
[Country] Integrated tap systems - Market analysis ITS features and benefits%, 2018 Features and benefits •
Commentary
20%
30%
Chilled Chilled-hot Chilled-hot-boiling 30%
Other
20%
Machine types •
ITS features and benefits%, 2018
Commentary
40%
Still Sparkling 60%
58
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Still-sparkling
[Country] Integrated tap systems - Market analysis Verticals •
ITS verticals %, 2018
Commentary
0%
Workplace
13%
HoReCa Healthcare 15% 50%
Education Retail Transport Hubs Domestic
22% 0%
59
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Leisure / Gyms Others
[Country] Integrated tap systems - Analysis of leading verticals
60
Domestic
HoReCa
Key features and benefits
Key features and benefits
•
•
Commentary
Commentary
Specific drivers
Specific drivers
•
•
Commentary
Commentary
Key players
Key players
•
•
Commentary
Commentary
Overall opportunity
Overall opportunity
•
•
Commentary
© Zenith Global Ltd 2019
Commentary
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East Europe data report [Country]
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[Country data report] Market overview - Water dispense market evolution Dispense market evolution, 2014-2018 9,000,000
4800 4750
8,000,000
4700
7,000,000 6,000,000
4600
5,000,000
4550
4,000,000
4500 4450
3,000,000
4400 2,000,000 4350 1,000,000
4300
0
4250 2014
BWD Units
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2015 POU Units
2016
2017 UTS Units
2018 Total revenue ($ mln)
Million â‚Ź
Installed units
4650
[Country data report] Market overview - Water dispense market evolution 2014 Bottled water dispense (BWD) Units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point of use (POU) Units % growth Units per '000 people
Integrated tap systems (ITS) Units % growth Units per '000 people Total Units % growth BWD % share POU % share ITS % share 63
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2015
2016
2017
2018
14-18 CAGR
[Country data report] Market overview - Water dispense revenue analysis Bottled water dispensers
2017
Water dispense revenue 2014-18
2018 80.0
Average monthly rental (€) Average bottle price (€)
70.0
Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units
60.0
- revenue from bottled water sales 50.0
Mains fed point of use
2017
2018 40.0
Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€)
30.0
Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units
20.0
- revenue from sold units 10.0
Integrated tap system Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€) Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units - revenue from sold units 64
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2017
2018
-
-
328
329
956,398
878,561
-
-
956,398
878,561
2014
2015
2016
2017
BWD revenue ($ mln)
POU revenue ($ mln)
UTS revenue ($ mln)
Total revenue ($ mln)
2018
[Country data report] Market overview - Units per capita A Country - Penetration 2018 Dispense type
Bottled water dispense Point of use Integrated tap systems
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Total units
Units per `000 people
[Country data report] Market overview - Water dispense market forecast 2018 Bottled water dispense (BWD) units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point of use (POU) units % growth
Units per '000 people Integrated tap system (ITS) units % growth Units per '000 people Total units % growth BWD % share POU % share ITS % share 66
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2019f
2020f
2021f
2022f
2023f
18-23f CAGR
18-23f
[Country data report] Bottled water dispense - Volume market analysis Bottled water dispense units, 2014-18 160
Bottled water dispense volume, 2014-18 80.0
150 140
140
70.0 70.0
130
60.0 60.0
100
50.0
100
Million litres
BWD installed units
120 120
80
40.0 40.0 30.0
60
30.0
40
20.0
20
10.0
0
0.0 2014
2015
Throughput Litres per dispense unit 18.9l bottles per dispense unit per month
67
50.0
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2016
2017
2017
2018
2018
2014
Cancellations Quit rate %
2015
2016
2017
2017
2018
2018
[Country data report] Bottled water dispense - Units installed by company Machines in December
Total market
68
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2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
[Country data report] Bottled water dispense - Volume in million litres by company Million litres
Total market
69
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2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
[Country data report] Bottled water dispense - Market analysis BWD features and benefits %, 2018
25%
BWD features and benefits %, 2018
25% 30% 35%
Chilled
Still Chilled-hot
Sparkling
Chilledhot-boiling 25%
Still-sparkling
25% 35%
70
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[Country data report] Bottled water dispense - Market analysis POU verticals %, 2018
Workplace
20% 29%
HoReCa Healthcare Education
5%
Retail
2% 4%
Transport Hubs
Domestic 10% 20% 10%
71
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Leisure / Gyms Others
[Country data report] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Volume market analysis POU units, 2014-18 150
160 140 BWD installed units
BWD to POU conversions
130
140 120 120
Units added
100 100
2017
80
Replacement rate %
60
Number of units
40 20 0 2014
72
Replacement POU (New)
2015
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2016
2017
2018
2018
2017
2018
[Country data report] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Units installed by distributor Machines in December
Total market
73
Š Zenith Global Ltd 2019
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
[Country data report] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Market analysis POU features and benefits %, 2018
POU features and benefits %, 2018
33% Chilled
41%
Chilled-hot
Sparkling
Chilled-hot-boiling 59%
Other 8%
74
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Still
59%
Still-sparkling
[Country data report] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Market analysis
POU verticals %, 2018
5% 1%
5%
Workplace HoReCa
8%
Healthcare 4%
Education 50%
5%
Retail Transport Hubs Domestic
17%
Leisure / Gyms 5%
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Others
[Country data report] Integrated tap systems - Volume market analysis Integrated Tap System units, 2014-18 17,000 16,444
16,500 16,012 ITS units
16,000 15,621 15,500
15,300 15,000
15,000 14,500 14,000 0
76
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0
0
0
0
[Country data report] Integrated tap systems - Units installed by company Machines in December
Total market
77
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2016
2017
2018
% share 2017
% share 2018
% 18-17
[Country data report] Integrated tap systems - Market analysis ITS features and benefits%, 2018
ITS features and benefits%, 2018
20% 30%
Chilled
40% Still
Chilled-hot
Sparkling
Chilled-hot-boiling Other
30% 20%
78
Š Zenith Global Ltd 2019
Still-sparkling 60%
[Country data report] Integrated tap systems - Market analysis ITS verticals %, 2018
0%
13%
Workplace
HoReCa Healthcare 15% 50%
Education Retail Transport Hubs Domestic
22% 0%
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Leisure / Gyms Others
8
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Appendix Acronyms and abbreviations
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Appendix Acronyms and abbreviations
81
...
Negligible, less than 0.05
cl
Centilitre
f
Forecast
na
Not available, not applicable
ADEAC
Asociación de Distribuidores y Envasadores de Agua en Cooler
AWCN
Association Water Cooler Netherlands
B2B
Business-to-Business
BiB
Bag-in-box
BPA
Bisphenol A
BSDA
British Soft Drinks Association
BWC
Bottled water cooler
BWCA
British Water Cooler Association
CAGR
Compound annual growth rate
DIN
Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardisation)
DTI
Department of Trade & Industry
EBWA
European Bottled Water Association
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Appendix Acronyms and abbreviations
82
EC
European Commission
EFET
Hellenic Food Authority
EFBW
European Federation of Bottled Waters
EFSA
European Food Safety Authority
EPDWA
European Point of use Drinking Water Association
EPFL
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
EU
European Union
FSA
Food Standards Agency
GBWA
German Bottled Water Cooler Association
GWCA
German Water Cooler Association
HOD
Home and office delivery
IMF
International Monetary Fund
IMQ
Institut für Microbiologische Qualitätssicherung
MIT
Ministry of Industry and Trade (Norway)
NR
Non returnable packaging
NSF
National Sanitation Foundation
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Appendix Acronyms and abbreviations
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OOH
Out-of-home
PET
Polyethylene terephthalate
POU
Point of use
R
Returnable packaging
RO
Reverse osmosis
SME
Small-and medium-sized enterprise
SSTI
Self-sanitising technology system
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNESDA
Union of European Beverages Associations
UV
Ultra violet
VAT
Value-added tax
WEEE
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive
WRAP
Waste Resources Action Programme
WRAS
Water Regulations Advisory Scheme
WE
Watercoolers Europe
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