THESIS RESEARCH BOOKLET FINAL

TRANSIENT NEIGHBOR ZEYNEP + ALEXIS

THESIS RESEARCH BOOKLET FALL 2016

THESIS RESEARCH / FALL 2016 A NEW TYPOLOGY OF DOMESTICITY AS THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE OF 2024 OLYMPICS IN LA AND THE LEGACY AS TRANSIENT HOUSING

TABLE OF CONTENTS CONCEPT STATEMENT OLYMPICS

2-5 6-7

HOUSES LOS ANGELES: THE CITY OF SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES TYPOLOGIES OF HOUSING ELEMENT OF THE SINGLE FAMILY HOME HOUSING INNOVATIONS IN THE USA

8-21 8-13 14-17 18-19 20-21

TRANSIENCY HOME / DOMESTICITY / IDENTITY NEIGHBOR

22-49 22-29 30-31

VAGRANT DOMESTICITY THE COMMUTER THE STUDENT THE VISITOR THE HOMELESS THE OLYMPIAN

32-33 34-35 36-37 38-39 40-45 46-47

TRANSIENCY AT CITY SCALE

48-49

BREAKING BOUNDARIES OF CURRENT DOMESTICITY CO LIVING SPECIFYING NEEDS DECONSTRUCTING THE HOME THE NEED TO HOUSING

50-57 52 53 54-55 56-57

PROPOSAL ANALYZING SITE CONTINUOUS AND ADAPTABLE STRUCTURE

58-69 60-65 66-69

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY GLOSSARY GENEALOGY INDEX

70-82 83 84-109 86-109

C O N C E P T

S T A T E M E N T

- This research critiques boundaries within human beings that exist in different conditions within our everyday life. It critiques the single family home and the isolation within different “homes” and thus, proposes a new typology of domesticity for the diverse demographics of LA, which will first be used as the Olympic Village during the 2024 Olympics and then will accomodate the transient populations that are willing to be a part of the shared community. Architecturally this new megastructure will take over empty lots or parts of owned lots ato be able to grow through the uncertain future of LA, to become the main housing typology in the later future. The project highlights the consequences of the social and physical boundaries that exist within the city and redefines the existing land use and zoning elements of Los Angeles. -

PROJECT PROPOSAL Due to the control of external forces in our cognitive capitalist society, we tend to behave in a certain way and organize ourselves in our everyday life, according to the common norms and enforced laws.

We tend to isolate ourselves from people that are different than us and we have social technological engagements through our screen instead of direct contact with others. The ideal of privacy and self-sufficiency of the middle class, became stricter after World War II. As a way of living, the single-family home started to increased prominence, making more neighborhoods privatized.

Los Angeles’s housing typologies do not meet the needs of the society as well as lacks a reflection of the future of the city. We, as a society, have moved from a focus on the nuclear family to a society that encourages “finding yourself”, our housing has not adapted to follow. The new generation is more focused on the individual and transiency when occupying the city. The single family home however, was built and designed during the post war eras, with a focus on separation from the neighbor. This is best exhibited in the distinct lots and the open space around the house, creating the quintessential suburb. We have now moved into an era in which we must re-define what a home can be and who are neighbors are, instead of separating ourselves, immerse ourselves in one’s collective identity. As occupants of a city become more transient, one must create purposeful interactions within these populations and have an architecture that reflects their existence and impact on the city.

We are proposing a new typology of domesticity in which the occupant has the opportunity to break out of the ideal of privacy and self-sufficiency to a collective society that shares common domestic functions. The sharing economy has become a large portion of our reality and is going nowhere. We believe transient societies would foster better results from domesticity that acts in a similar way. The ability to share domestic functions both allows for a domesticity of sharing and sharing of experiences from one transient neighbor to another. This spatially and socially shared housing will become a home for the transient populations of Los Angeles including students, visitors, and those traditionally perceived as homeless.

Each group brings with it their own set of needs and values that could begin to influence the others.

This collective society will exist with deconstructed elements of the home that are re distributed to allow for greater adaptability and neighborly experiences. Architecturally, this megatypology will start as an infrastructure that take over some elements of the existing lot of a single family house and start to grow taking over empty lots, on top of existing buildings and the street when necessary. This continuous infrastructure will become the power resource and the physical structure that one will plug in to, to be a part of the shared community. The individual units will attach as apparatus’ and the rest of the megastructure will all be shared. The growth in time will allow which the occupant to move through dierent portions of LA and interact with many people also seeking a transient mode of living in the future.

The experienc of sharing personal experiences and skills will enhance social communications and will be the start of a new community and a new way of living. We believe that this will be the main housing typology in the later future of Los Angeles, redeďŹ ning the land use and zoning elements of the city, since the permanent individuals increase every day.

Instead of a manifestation of collective groups, a new way of culture produced itself: 20th century popular culture. With the enhancement of computing technologies every day, this behavior within dierent collectives or individuals becomes more controlled, and even how we move in space becomes a technique of cognitive capitalism and helps formation of new powers.

THE OLYMPICS AND THE LEGACY FIRST AS THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE AND THEN A TRANSIENT HOUSING FOR LA

01

THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE AS A NEW ORGANIZATION OF DWELLING SPACES, SHOULD BE IMAGINED AS AN ARCHITECTURE THAT WILL SERVE ACCOMMODATION FIRST TO THE OLYMPIC VISITORS AND THE COMPETING ATHLETES, AND THEN TO “SEMI DOMESTIC” / TEMPORARY GROUPS OR INDIVIDUALS WHO WILL BECOME A PART OF LA DURING DIFFERENT PERIODS OF TIME. THE STRUCTURE WILL BE A UTILITY FOR DISTRIBUTION AND ACCOMMODATION FOR THESE DIFFERENT GROUPS OF TRANSIENT POPULATIONS: INCLUDING HOMELESS, STUDENTS, VISITORS AND WILL ALLOW ADAPTATION TO THE ACCOMMODATION OF NEW GROUPS AND THE MOBILITY OF SPECIFIC UNITS THAT WILL MAKE UP THE WHOLE. IT WILL QUESTION THE IDEAS ABOUT DOMESTICITY AND WHAT MAKES A HOME, AND WILL DEVELOP A NEW WAY OF RESIDING IN LA, FOR DIFFERENT PERIODS OF TIME AND FOR CERTAIN GROUPS OF PEOPLE. IT WILL SERVE AS A MEGA TYPOLOGY, WHICH SHOULD FIRST ANALYZE THE INDIVIDUAL SPACE AND RE ORGANIZE THEM BY CONNECTING THEM TO EACH OTHER WITH THE OTHER COMMUNAL ELEMENTS OF THE HOME. IT WILL BE A MOBILE SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION, CONTROLLED AND ORGANIZED TO ADDRESS A NEW TYPE OF HOUSING FOR A NEW COMMUNITY, WHO WILL COME TOGETHER IN THEIR NEW NEIGHBORHOOD, WHICH WILL GIVE THEM THEIR COMMON IDENTITY.

1932 OLYMPICS AND THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE THE OLYMPICS HAS BEEN HELD IN THE CITY OF ANGELES IN THE PAST, THE FIRST OCCURRING IN 1932. DURING THESE GAMES THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE WAS CONSTRUCTED IN BALDWIN HILLS. THEY CONSTRUCTED 500 BUNGALOWS THAT WOULD HOUSE THE ATHLETES. THE SITE OF THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE WAS NOT ANNOUNCED UNTIL FAIRLY LATE IN THE GAME. IT TURNS OUT, FIVE LOCATIONS WERE BEING SCOUTED AS POSSIBLE OLYMPIC VILLAGE SITES. BALDWIN HILLS WAS CHOSEN BECAUSE IT WAS FOUND TO ABOUT 10 DEGREES COOLER, ON AVERAGE, DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS. THE ATHLETES WERE CHARGED 2$ A DAY FOR THEIR OCCUPANCY OF THE SPACE AND LIVED IN 10 BY 10 ROOMS, WITH FOUR ATHLETES PER ROOM. PREVIOUS TO THIS, NO OLYMPIAS WERE EXPECTED TO SHARE ROOMS WITH ONE ANOTHER, BUT THEREAFTER IT BECAME THE STANDARD IN OLYMPIAN HOUSING. MANY BELIEVED THAT DURING THESE CONTROVERSIAL TIMES IT WOULDN’T BE POSSIBLE FOR THESE DIFFERENT GROUPS TO COEXIST WITHOUT SOME TYPE OF DISASTROUS OUTCOME. IN REALITY THIS VILLAGE WAS A GREAT SUCCESS AND MANY ATHLETES RECALL “TRYING TO OVERCOME THE LANGUAGE DIFFERENCE TO MAKE FRIENDS WITH ATHLETES FROM OTHER COUNTRIES,” ACCORDING TO THE LA TIMES. THE BUNGALOWS WERE BUILT WITH A PATCH OF GRASS AROUND AS WELL AS A ROW OF FLOWERS LEADING UP TO THE DOOR. THE IDEA WAS THAT THESE SPACES WERE “MORE THAN JUST A CRASH PAD BUT INSTEAD FELT LIKE AN OLYMPIC HOME”.

LOS ANGELES : SINGL E FAM

02

1

: TH E CITY OF MILY HOUSES

SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE LOT BOUNDARIES WITHIN THE LOT THE FAMILY BEGINS TO HAVE LEVELS OF PRIVATIZATION, WHERE DIFFERENT DOMESTIC FUNCTIONS HAVE DIFFERENT SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS. FOR EXAMPLE, THE KITCHEN TABLE BEGINS TO BE A PLACE WHERE MULTIPLE PEOPLE CAN SOCIALIZE AND EXPERIENCE EACH OTHER OVER THAT NIGHT’S DINNER. THE LEISURE SPACE OF THE LIVING ROOM BEGINS TO BE A SPACE FOR MULTIPLE FAMILY MEMBERS TO PARTICIPATE IN AN ACTIVE OR PASSIVE ACTIVITY TOGETHER. THE SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE, TODAY TAKES UP A PLOT OF LAND THAT IS NOT SPATIALLY EFFICIENT IN A CITY. EACH LOT IS DESIGNATED A FRONT AND BACK LAWN, WHERE THE PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS OF THE DOMESTIC FUNCTIONS ONLY OCCUPY ABOUT ONE THIRD OF THE LOT, ON AVERAGE. THIS RESULTS IN THE ABILITY FOR A CITY TO ONLY GROW IN THE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION, MAKING THE DISTANCES BETWEEN DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE CITY EVEN GREATER

THE 5 IDEALS OF AMERICAN SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING HOUSE IS SPATIALLY PRIVATE AND SELF SUFFICIENT / NO INTERIOR OR EXTERIOR SPACES ARE SHARED WITH ANY OTHER HOUSEHOLDS. CAN BE INHABITED BY ONLY MEMBERS OF A SINGLE NUCLEAR FAMILY. UNIT IS PHYSICALLY DETACHED FROM OTHER HOUSES, PREFERABLE WITH ENOUGH SO THAT ONE CAN WALK AROUND IT. SPACIOUS ENOUGH TO HAVE MANY ROOM WITH DISTINCT FUNCTIONS THAT ARE ASSIGNED. OWNER OCCUPIED.

INGLEWOOD HOUSES

LA’S HOUSING TYPOLOGIES RESIDE IN THE PERMEANT SECTOR. THE SINGLE FAMILY HOME, WITH A FRONT AND BACK LAWN ARE THE STAPLE OF MOST LA NEIGHBORHOODS. EACH LOT IS DISTINCT FROM ONE ANOTHER AND THE PROCESS OF BOTH RENTING AND PURCHASING THESE HOMES RESULTS IN A COMMITMENT TO ITS LOCATION AND THEREFORE ALSO TO A PERMANENCE IN THE CITY

THE DISTINCT LOT LINES CREATE A DISTINCT MINE VS. YOURS UNDERSTANDING OF THE CITY. THERE IS NO BLUR ON WHERE THE HOUSING LOT ENDS AND THE NEXT BEGINS. TYPICALLY, IT IS MARKED WITH A CAR PARK OR FENCE, MAKING THE HYPOTHETICAL BOUNDARY OF THE NEIGHBOR A REALIZED OBJECT AND SPACE. THE BOUNDARY BECOMES A PHYSICAL MANIFESTATION OF A US VS. THEM CONDITION. WHEN ONE FEELS “AT HOME” IN A SPACE, THERE IS A COMMUNAL ASPECT, WITHIN THE FAMILY, WITHIN THE NEIGHBORHOOD ETC. THE DIFFERENT DOMESTIC FUNCTIONS OF PEOPLE BLEND IN CERTAIN COMMON AREAS OF THE HOME.

T Y P OL O G I E S O F S I N G L

LE FAMILY HOMES IN LA

INGLEWOOD

LONG BEACH

MACARTHUR PARK

BEVERLY HILLS

“IN OPPOSITION TO THE ESTABLISHED IDEA THAT THE HOUSE IS ‘SYMBOL OF SELF’, / / / THE CONTEMPORARY MIDDLE-CLASS HOUSE IS MORE LIKELY TO BE A SYMBOL OF EVERYONE ELSE.”

ELEMENTS OF SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES COMMUNAL PROGRAMS THE KITCHEN TABLE:

THE “LIVING ROOM”:

AN ELEMENT DESIGNED FOR AND USED TO BRING THE COLLECTIVE TOGETHER MAKING THE ACT OF EATING COMMUNAL

A SPACE IN WHICH A COLLECTIVE SPENDS TIME TOGETHER DOING BOTH PASSIVE AND ACTIVE ACTIVITIES MAKING THE A C T O F R E L AX I N G COMMUNAL

EATING

RELAXING

INDIVIDUAL PROGRAMS THE BEDROOM: THE LARGEST SPACE IS DESIGNATED TO THE INDIVUAL‘S ACT OF SLEEPING

SLEEPING

THE BATHROOM: THIS COMPLETELY INDIVUAL PROGRAM OCCUPIES A LARGE PERCENTANGE OF THE COMMON SPACE OF THE OCCUPANTS

WC

APEX BELLTOWN COOP, SEATTLE

CCR, SAN FRANCISCO

HOUSING INNOVATIONS IN THE USA

SRO HOTELS IN LOS ANGELES

SRO’s - SINGLE ROOM OCCUPANCY HOTELS QUADS - FOUR PEOPLE SHARE KITCHEN + BATH MINGLE HOUSES

BY THE 20th CENTURY, THERE WERE A LOT OF AFFORDABLE HOUSINGS FOR THE HOMELESS PEOPLE ALL AROUND THE WORLD. LATER, THEY WERE MOVED TO INSTITUTIONS. WHEN GOVERNMENTSDID NOT HAVE ENOUGH MONEY, THEY STARTED TOLEAVE THE HOMELESS ON THE STREETS. AFTER THE WORLD WAR II THE NUMBER OF NON STANDARD HOUSING / NON FAMILY HOUSEHOLD IDEAL OF PRIVACY OF MIDDLE CLASS SINGLE PARENTS NUMBER OF MARRIAGES

TRANSIENCY

03

WHAT HOUSING TYPOLOGY SERVES THE EVER MORE TRANSIENT POPULATION OF A CITY? AN APARTMENT BEGINS TO TOUCH AT THE GOALS OF TRANSIENT POPULATIONS, THE SHORT TERM OCCUPATION OF THESE SPACES GIVES DIFFERENT TRANSIENT POPULATIONS THE ABILITY TO INHABIT THEM FOR A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME BUT IT IS HYPER FOCUSED ON THE INDIVIDUAL. THERE IS LITTLE FOCUS ON THE COLLECTIVE. A MAJORITY OF THE SPACE IS DESIGNATED TO THE INDUVIAL, PROPORTIONALLY. DUE TO THE FOCUS ON THE INDIVIDUAL THE APARTMENT FAILS TO GIVE THE OCCUPANT A SENSE OF COMMUNITY OR NEIGHBORLY INTERACTIONS ONE MIGHT REQUIRE TO FEEL COMPLETELY “AT HOME” IN A RESIDENCE. THE APARTMENT ALSO FAILS TO SPEAK TO EVEN MORE TRANSIENT POPULATIONS SUCH AS THE VISITOR DUE TO THE LENGTH OF TIME OF OCCUPANCY. THE DEVELOPMENT OF APPS LIKE AIR BNB SHOW THAT ONE IS LEANING TOWARD THE ABILITY TO LIVE SOMEWHERE INSTEAD OF VISIT SOMEWHERE, EVEN JUST FOR A SHORT TIME. TO BEGIN TO FEEL PART OF THE URBAN FABRIC, ALLOWS THE SHORT TERM OCCUPANT TO BE MORE IMMERSED IN THE CULTURE OF LOCATIONS THEY ARE WITHIN FOR A VERY SHORT TIME.

THE “NUCLEAR FAMILY” IS NO LONGER THE DOMINATING FAMILY OR OCCUPANCY TYPE OF HOUSING IN A CITY. IT’S BOTH LESS PICTURE PERFECT THAN THAT AND LESS COLLECTIVE. NOW ONE MOVES AWAY FROM THE CITY WHEN THEY ACHIEVE THE NUCLEAR FAMILY AND MOVES TO IT BEFORE OR AFTER THAT POINT IN ONE’S LIFE HAS PASSED. AS A SOCIETY NOW FOCUSED ON THE INDIVIDUAL AND “FINDING ONESELF”, ONE IS MORE ENCOURAGED TO MOVE TO AN UNKNOWN PLACE ALONE. HOW DO THESE NEW OCCUPANTS FIND HOME IN A NEW CITY? WHERE DO TRANSIENT POPULATIONS LIE IN THE PUBLIC REALM OF THESE SPACES? TRANSIENT POPULATIONS HAVE MOVED THROUGH LA AT DIFFERENT POINTS IN ITS HISTORY SUCH AS DURING THE OLYMPIC GAMES, WHEN ATTENDING A COLLEGE, OR EVEN THE EVERYDAY TOURIST IN LA. BY CREATING TRANSIENT HOUSING ONE CAN ALLOW FOR BOTH THE HOMELESS TO FIND A PLACE IN THE CITY BUT THE TEMPORARY VISITORS AS WELL. THESE SPACES CAN ACT AS A PUBLIC ACCESSIBLE SPACE WITH PRIVATE PROGRAMS EMBEDDED WITHIN IT, CATERING TO THE CURRENT TRANSIENT POPULATION AND LOOKING TO CATER TO FUTURE POTENTIAL POPULATIONS. THE COMMUNITY IN TURN BECOMES MORE CONNECTED PHYSICALLY AND TRANSIENT POPULATIONS RECEIVE AN ESTABLISHED SPACE, THE ABILITY TO EVOKE ITS OWN IDENTITY AS WELL AS BECOME A MORE INTEGRATED PLAYER IN THE WHOLE OF AN AREA.

HOME / DOMESTICITY / IDENTITY

WHERE / WHAT IS HOME ?

Is there a significant form for a dwelling or can it be thought and organized in new ways?

The transient populations do not fit in a specific neighborhood with existing boundaries thus, they do not share a common identity with any of their neighbors.

STREET A

AS HOME

WHERE DOES THE IDENTITY OF A NEIGHBOR EXIST? WHO IS YOUR NEIGHBOR? THE NEIGHBOR CAN BE DEFINED SIMPLY AS A PERSON WHO LIVES IN CLOSE PROXIMITY. THIS ULTIMATELY MEANS THERE IS AN INHERENT PROXIMITY INVOLVED TO BEGIN TO DEFINE SOMEONE AS YOUR NEIGHBOR. WHAT IS THE NEIGHBOR IN THE CONSTRUCT OF A CITY? “THE CONSTRUCT OF THE FIGURE OF THE NEIGHBOR IS MULTIFACETED. IT NOT ONLY IMPLIES MATERIAL FIGURES SUCH AS WINDOWS ON THE STREET, BUT EMBODIES CONCEPTIONS OF SELF, STRANGER, OTHER, FRIEND, ENEMY. INTRINSICALLY, THE NEIGHBOR IS AN INTERSUBJECTIVE MEDIATION BETWEEN SELF AND THE OTHER: ONE MUST BE ONE TO HAVE ONE.” THE IDEA THAT “ONE MUST BE ONE TO HAVE ONE” CAN LEAD TO THE PSYCHOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF WHO YOUR NEIGHBOR IS. FOR ONE TO CONSIDER SOMEONE ELSE THEIR NEIGHBOR THEY MUST FIRST TREAT THEM IN A NEIGHBORLY WAY. THEY HAVE TO HUMANIZE THE OTHER PERSON, FIND A COMMON GROUND AND CONNECT IN SOME WAY, EVEN IF IT WAS JUST A RECOGNITION OF THE OTHER PERSON’S EXISTENCE.

NEIGHBOR CATALOG OF NEIGHBORING

WINDOW

DRIVEWAY

FENCE

THE NEIGHBOR IS A CONSTRUCT THAT EXISTS TO DESCRIBE OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH THOSE AROUND US, BUT ONE CAN EASILY LOSE THE INTERACTION WITH THESE “NEIGHBORS” BECAUSE OF THE PRIVATE NATURE OF LA. THE CAR CULTURE, A LACK OF ACCESS TO PUBLIC SPACE, AND SEPARATION BETWEEN GROUPS RESULTS IN A GREATER DIVIDE. LA HAS AN INHERENT TRANSIENT NATURE TO IT, DUE TO THE HOT SPOT NATURE OF THE CITY AND THE PHYSICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN THINGS WITHIN THE CITY. IT’S ABOUT THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE IN AND OUT OF THE CITY AS WELL AS WITHIN THE CITY.

DOES ONE CONSIDER TRANSIENT POPULATIONS TO BE THEIR NEIGHBOR?

1

1

V A G R A N T

D O

TRANSIENT POPU

O M E S T I C I T Y

ULATIONS OF LA

03.1

THE COMMUTER

THE FIRST TRANSIENT POPULATION THAT COMES TO MIND IS THE COMMUTER, AS ONE SPENDS A MAJORITY OF THEIR DAY IN THEIR CAR MOVING FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER THE CONCRETE ASSOCIATION TO A PLACE BEGINS TO BREAK DOWN. IS THE COMMUTER BOTH NEIGHBORS WITH THE PEOPLE HE OR SHE WORKS AT AS WELL AS WHERE HE OR SHE LIVES? ARE COMMUTERS STUCK IN TRAFFIC NEIGHBORS? THE AVERAGE COMMUTE FOR RESIDENCES OF LA, IS IN THE 30 MINUTE TO 60 MINUTE RANGE. THIS IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF NEW YORK, BUT THE BIGGEST PORTION OF COMMUTERS DRIVE. IN CITIES LIKE NEW YORK, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IS USED MUCH MORE OFTEN CREATING A COMMUNAL COMMUTE. THE PROXIMITY PEOPLE HAS NO BOUNDARIES, IN FACT ONE IS TYPICALLY PACKED INTO A SUBWAY CAR AS UNCOMFORTABLE SARDINES WHERE ALL PHYSICAL BOUNDARIES ARE FORGOTTEN. THE CAR IN MUCH DIFFERENT IN ITS INDIVIDUAL FOCUS, IT IS ABOUT ONESELF IN THE CAR AND THE DESTINATION OF THE CAR INSTEAD OF BEING ABOUT THE FELLOW CARS, OR MORE IMPORTANTLY THE FELLOW PEOPLE WITHIN THE CAR, MOVING TO THE SAME DESTINATION.

7:00 AM

7:30 AM

8:00 AM

8:30 AM

9:00 AM

OVERLAY

THERE ARE MULTIPLE LAYERS OF BOUNDARIES – THE DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS OF TRAFFIC AND THE MEDIUM IMMEDIATELY SEPARATES ONESELF FROM THE LANE ADJACENT TO THEMSELVES MOVING THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION. THE LIMITS OF THE CAR BEGINS TO SEPARATE A PERSON FROM THEIR OTHER FELLOW PERSON. THE INABILITY TO SEE PAST THE FIGURE OF THE CAR TO ITS OCCUPANT, BEGINS TO DEHUMANIZE THE FELLOW COMMUTER AND IS SEEN AS THE MACHINE IT IS INHABITING AND NOT AS THE PERSON INHABITING IT.

IF ONE COULD BREAK DOWN OR REMOVE THESE BOUNDARIES COULD THESE COMMUTERS BEGIN TO RECOGNIZE THEIR TRANSIENT NEIGHBOR DURING THE COMMUTE?

THE STUDENT NEXT THE STUDENT, SOMEONE WHO HAS A SPECIFICALLY TEMPORARY STATUS IN A CITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF LEARNING. AT WHAT POINT DOES THE STUDENT BEGIN TO BE IMPACTED BY AS WELL AS IMPACT THE SOCIETY THEY LIVE IN? DOES THE TIME LIMIT TO THEIR EXISTENCE IN A SPECIFIC PLACE RESULT IN NO LONGER BEING DEFINED AS A NEIGHBOR? IS THERE A TIME ELEMENT OF BEING A NEIGHBOR? WHEN ONE MOVES INTO A HOUSE NEXT TO YOU, ONE OFTEN GOES TO “GREET THE NEW NEIGHBORS”.

THESE OCCUPANTS HAVE BEEN THERE FOR A MORNING, OR MAYBE A DAY OR SO AND YET ONE IMMEDIATELY WOULD CONSIDER THEM TO BE THEIR NEIGHBOR. THE STUDENT WHO LIVES IN A DORM, OR OTHER FORM OF TEMPORARY HOUSING BECOMES PART OF THE SCHOOLS COMMUNITY EASILY, BUT IT BECOMES HARD TO INTEGRATE ONESELF INTO THE NEIGHBORHOOD BECAUSE OF THE SPATIAL DIVIDE OF THE INSTITUTION AND THE NEIGHBORHOOD AS A WHOLE. A CAMPUS BECOMES ITS ONE ELEMENT IN THE CITY, SEPARATE FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD BUT STILL HIGHLY INFLUENTIAL IN THE AREA IT EXISTS.

EAT

DOMESTIC NEEDS

WC

SLEEP

RELAX

THE VISITOR ALTHOUGH SOME TRANSIENT POPULATIONS ARE EXTREMELY SHORT LIVED, THE PERSON RENTING THE AIR BNB IN THE APARTMENT NEXT TO YOU BECOMES A TYPE OF TRANSIENT NEIGHBOR.

ALTERNATIVE SHARING ECONOMY THE SHARING ECONOMY IS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC ECOSYSTEM BUILT AROUND THE SHARING OF HUMAN, PHYSICAL AND INTELLECTURAL RESOURCES.

DOES THE IMPLICIT UNDERSTANDING OF LIVING ASSOCIATED WITH NEIGHBORLINESS AUTOMATICALLY RESULT IN THE PROJECTION OF A “NEIGHBOR” ONTO THE OCCUPANT OF THE ADJACENT APARTMENT, REGARDLESS OF THE DURATION OF OCCUPANCY?

APARTMENT SHARING

CAR SHARING

SHORT TE EXPERIENCE SHARING

SLEEP EAT

DOMESTIC NEEDS

RELAX LONG TERM HOTEL ROOM

WC

ERM HOTEL ROOM

T H E ‘H O M E’ L E S S

DOMESTIC NEEDS

NO SPECIFIC SPACE TO DO THEM

THERE ARE NEARLY 50,000 HOMELESS PEOPLE OCCUPYING LA AND AT LEAST 70% OF THEM ARE UNSHELTERED AND FORGOTTEN BY THE SOCIETAL SYSTEMS DEVELOPED TO TRY AND REACH PEOPLE IN HARDSHIPS. WITHOUT THE HOMELESS SHELTER TO OCCUPY, THE HOMELESS TYPICALLY MAKE TEMPORARY SHELTERS, SUCH AS TENTS, TARPS OR LIVE IN THEIR CAR TO WITHSTAND WEATHER.

RELAX / EAT / SLEEP

THEY ALSO HAVE THE COMMUNAL IDEA AND A NEIGHBORHOOD WHERE THEY LOCATE THEIR HOMES MOST OF THE TIME TO SPEND THE NIGHT. THEY BECOME EACH OTHERS NEIGHBOR AND CREATE ANOTHER TYPE OF COMMUNAL LIVING.

WC

ONE ISSUE WITH THE USE OF THE WORD HOME IS IT BEGINS TO BE A “HOME-LESS” VS “HOME-FULL” SITUATION. IN A CITY LIKE LA WHERE HOMELESS LIVE IN THEIR OWN SPACES OUTSIDE WITHIN ITS OWN TYPOLOGY OF A NEIGHBORHOOD, MAYBE THESE OCCUPANTS ARE NOT HOMELESS BUT INSTEAD “HOME-NEUTRAL.” THEY HAVE ALL OF THE DOMESTIC FUNCTIONS EITHER PROVIDED BY THE CITY OR CREATED BY THEMSELVES TO MAKE A TYPE OF DECONSTRUCTED HOME. BUT THESE PROGRAMS ARE NOT NECESSARILY DONE IN ROOMS THAT HAVE FIXED FUNCTIONS LIKE THE CONVENTIONAL HOME.

P

PUBLIC SPACE BECOMES PRIVATE SPACE

PRIVATE SPACE

PRIVATIZED PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC SPACE

DEMOGRAPHIC OF HOMELESS IN L.A. Vetrans Chronically Homeleess Substance Abuse Mental Illness Domestic Violence Experience Physical Diability

11% 31% 24% 32% 21% 19%

ETHNICITIES OF HOMELESS IN L.A. African American Hispanic/Latino White/ Caucasian Native American Asaian/ PaciďŹ c Islander Native Hawaiian Multi-Racial/Other

47% 21% 22% 3% 2% 1% 4%

Los Angeles is the third most homeless city in the world. 70% of the more than 40,000 homeless people in Los Angeles are unsheltered, as a whole this is the highest rate of an unsheltered population in the nation.

WHY PEOPLE BECOME HOMELESS? Life Altering Event Loss of Loved One Job Loss Divorce Family disputes Fighting for Disabilities

Domestic Violence Vetran Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Decline in Public Assistance Depression Rejection of Material Wealth

MYTHS ABOUT HOMELESSNESS 1. Homeless People Don’t Work - 45% of the homeless population have worked in the last 30 days 2. All homeless people have substance abuse problems - 1 in 4 homeless have had a substance abuse problem in their past 3. Homeless people are older - 1 in 4 homless people are younger than 25 4. Homeless people are uneducated - 83% of homeless have a high school education - 40% of homeless have a degree or training from a trade school - 1 in 10 Cal Tech students are homeless 5. Homeless are dirty - 62% of homeless people have access to a shower through public eorts or gym memberships

THE HOMELESS “HOME” SOME PROGRAMS OF THE DWELLING EXIST IN PRIVATE AREAS OF THE CITY SUCH AS THE KITCHEN. THE KITCHEN CAN BE UNDERSTOOD FUNDAMENTALLY AS A SPACE TO PREPARE OR CONSUME FOOD, THIS PROGRAM FOR THE HOMELESS EXISTS AT DIFFERENT OUTREACH CENTERS AND FOOD PANTRIES. THE BATHROOM CAN BE UNDERSTOOD AS A SPACE ON MIGHT PREPARE OF THE DAY BUT A PLACE WHERE HYGIENE IS ACHIEVED, FOR THE HOMELESS THIS CAN EXIST IN PUBLIC BATHROOMS, GYMS, AS WELL AS OUTREACH CENTERS. THE THIRD PROGRAM OF A DWELLING IS THE BEDROOM, FURTHER DEFINED AS A SPACE ONE SLEEPS, THE TEMPORARY DWELLINGS OF THE HOMELESS INCLUDE THE BEDROOM FUNCTION. THE SIDEWALK FOR EXAMPLE BECOMES A NOW PROPORTIONALLY PRIVATE AREA WHERE HOMELESS BEGIN TO INHABIT WITH THEIR BEDROOM, WHICH OTHERWISE WOULD BE PUBLIC SPACE. NEW HOMELESS POLICY IN LOS ANGELES LIVING IN YOUR CAR IS ILLEGAL: for the next 18 months minimum it is no longer to reside in your vehicle form 9 pm to 6 am on any residential streets as well as in locations considering their occupancy to be a threat to public saftety, for example near day cares, parks, or schools.

PUBLIC PROGRAMS POSSIBLE UTILIZED PUBLIC PROGRAMS OF ONE INDIVIDUAL

M

MISSION

MISSION

TENT: BEDROOM

MISSION

LOCATION OF BELONGINGS

PUBLIC BATHROOM

BATHROOM: SHOWER AND TOLIET SIDEWALK: HALLWAY

MISSION

MISSION

MISSION

SOCIAL SERVICES

CLOSET: CLOTHING

SOCIAL SERVICES SALVATION ARMY

SHELTER

OFFICE: JOB SEARCH

SIDEWALK: HALLWAY SOUP KITCHEN

KITCHEN / DINING FOOD PREPARATION FOOD CONSUMPTION

THE OLYMPIAN+OTHER ATHLETES CAN THESE 17 DAY VISITORS BEGIN TO BECOME A TRANSIENT NEIGHBOR? WE PROPOSE THIS NEW HOUSING TYPOLOGY BEGIN TO EXIST IN LA AT THE START OF THE OLYMPICS, CREATING AN OLYMPIC VILLAGE FOCUSED ON ITS OWN TRANSIENCE. FOLLOWING THE GAMES THIS WOULD MOVE TO ALLOW FOR THE OCCUPANCY OF THE VISITOR, THE HOMELESS, AND THE STUDENT, AND OTHER SPORT ATHLETES THAT VISIT THE CITY IN THE FUTURE, CREATING A SPACE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TRANSIENCE. THE DIFFERENT IDENTITIES OF NEIGHBORHOODS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TRANSIENT POPULATIONS WHO DO NOT HAVE A COMMON IDENTITY AND DO NOT FIT INTO A SPECIFIC NEIGHBORHOOD ARE THE TEMPORARY RESIDENTS OF THE CITY. INSTEAD OF THE UCLA VILLAGE, WHICH AECOM IN THEIR OLYMPIC BID, CHOSE AS THEIR OLYMPIC VILLAGE, WE CRITIQUE THAT THE USE OF ALREADY EXISTING DORM ROOMS AND FEEDING ATHLETES WITH THE SCHOOL CHEFS, BY “…STILL KEEPING THE SUMMER SCHOOL!” DOES NOT BRING A LEGACY TO THE CITY AFTER THE OLYMPIC PERIOD, THUS THIS SITE IS NOT SUITABLE FOR WHAT THE CITY DEMANDS FROM US.

PHYSICAL / INVISIBLE / SOCIAL BOUNDARIES IN THE CITY IN TODAYS METROPOLIS CITIES, THERE IS ALWAYS SPEED WHICH MAKES THE CITY ACTIVE AND MOBILE. WITH ALL THE TRANSIENT POPULATIONS THAT CHANGE LOCATIONS OVER TIME, THE CITY OF LA WILL GET MORE AND MORE TRANSPARENT. CURRENT IDEOLOGY OF DOMESTICITY ADDRESSES A LOT OF SOCIAL ISSUES THAT EXIST, YET SOMETIMES BECOME INVISIBLE IN THE CITY. WE ARE OURSELVES WHO CREATE THE BOUNDARIES IN BETWEEN OUR NEIGHBORS AND OURSELVES. SINCE HOMELESS WERE SENT INTO INSTITUTIONS AFTER THE WORLD WAR II, AND THEN WERE SET FREE ON THE STREETS AROUND THE 60s, THE STREET BECAME HOME. TODAY, THE GENTRIFIED AREAS SUCH AS ARTS DISTRICT PUSHES THE HOMELESS BACK TO THE WEST OF DOWNTOWN BUT THEY GET STUCK IN BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE WEST WHICH CREATED A NEW INVISIBLE BOUNDARY CALLED THE SKID ROW, WHICH EXPOSES THE SOCIAL BOUNDARY OF 2 DIFFERENT COLLECTIVE GROUPS. OTHER THAN THE DIVERSE DEMOGRAPHICS AND CONDITIONS THAT RESULT IN SOCIAL SEGREGATION WHICH CREATES THE BOUNDARIES, THE PHYSICAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN LOS ANGELES ALSO DIVIDES NEIGHBORHOODS AND CREATE AMBIGIOUS SPACES AROUND AND UNDERNEATH FOR NEW TYPES OF DOMESTICITY. IN A BIGGER SCALE, THE SUB ANALYSIS EXAMINES AVAILABLE SITES, INCLUDING EMPTY PARKING LOTS TO TAKE OVER AND TO HAVE A TISSUE OF CONNECTED PROGRAMS. THE WHOLE STRUCTURE BECOMES ONE AND ADAPTABLE THROUGH CHANGES OVER TIME. THEY START EXISTING IN THE IN BETWEEN SPACES OF NEIGHBORHOODS, EMPTY LOTS AND THE BUFFER ZONES AROUND THE HIGHWAYS. (CHECK GENEOLOGY)

TR

RANSIENCY AT CITY SCALE

03.2

BREAKI

ING BOUNDARIES OF CURRENT DOMESTICITY

04

CO LIVING “CO-LIVING IS A MODERN FORM OF HOUSING WHERE RESIDENTS SHARE LIVING SPACE AND A SET OF INTERESTS, VALUES AND/OR INTENTIONS. IT BRINGS FORTH THE VALUE OF THINGS SUCH AS OPENNESS AND COLLABORATION, SOCIAL NETWORKING AND THE SHARING ECONOMY.” ONE CAN UNDERSTAND THESE CO LIVING SPACES AS THE MANIFESTATION OF MANY MILLENNIAL VALUES AND CURRENT HANG UPS WITH TYPICAL OCCUPANCY OF SPACES. THE ONE DOWNFALL TO CO-LIVING IS THE LACK OF CONNECTION TO THE SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOOD AND BECOMES AN ISOLATIONIST ORIENTED WAY OF LIVING. THE MICRO-COMMUNITY BECOMES A TYPE OF NEIGHBORHOOD IN AND OF ITSELF AND DOESN’T NECESSARILY BECOME PART OF THE COLLECTIVE WHOLE OF THE AREA. WHY CANT ALL TRANSIENT POPULATIONS IN LA SHARE A NEW TYPOLOGY OF DOMESTICITY WHERE ONE SHARES ALL ELEMENTSOF THE HOME WITH EACH OTHER?

SPECIFYING NEEDS OF DIFFERENT TRANSIENT POPULATIONS

DURATION OF STAY HOMELESS / YEARS STUDENT / 4 YEARS VISITOR / 1 WEEK OLYMPIC ATHLETE / only 1 time / 17 DAYS

ADDITIONAL NEEDS

DOMESTIC NEEDS

HOMELESS EAT SLEEP WC RELAX

OUTREACH PROGRAM MENTAL HELP

STUDENT EAT SLEEP WC RELAX

LEARN COUNCIL EXERCISE

VISITOR EAT SLEEP WC RELAX

DECONSTRUCTING ELEMENTS OF THE HOME

SLEEP individual

THE DIFFERENT TRANSIENT POPULATIONS CAN ALSO BENEFIT FROM SHARING THE SPACE BY HELPING EACH OTHER AND TAKING CARE OF WHO ARE IN NEED.

collective

bath

sleep

collective

live

RELAX

sleep

A HOME-NEUTRAL IS WHERE THE CITIES OCCUPANTS ARE HEADING. THERE IS A HOUSING MOVEMENT IN COMMUNAL LIVING, WHERE ONE IS NOT ABOUT JUST THE INDUVIAL OR THE COLLECTIVE BUT INSTEAD ABOUT BOTH. THIS “HOME-NEUTRAL” CREATES A NEW COMMUNITY WITHIN THE TRANSIENT POPULATION WHERE ONE BECOMES MORE CONNECTED TO THEIR TEMPORARY NEIGHBORHOOD.

eat

bath

eat

EAT

sleep

BY DECONSTRUCTING THE SINGLE FAMILY HOME INTO ITS DOMESTIC FUNCTIONS AND ALLOWING COMMUNAL SPACES, STILL BE ABOUT THE COLLECTIVE AND THE PRIVATE SPACES STILL BE ABOUT THE INDIVIDUAL, DOES ONE BEGIN TO ALLOW FOR OCCUPATION OF A TRANSIENT HOME INSTEAD OF OCCUPATION OF A TEMPORARY SPACE?

sleep

relax

relax

sleep sleep

bath

relax

relax

sleep

sleep

eat

live

bath

eat

sleep

bath

sleep

sleep

bath

live eat

bath

bath

eat

eat

sleep bath

sleep

eat

sleepsleep

live

sleep

sleep

bath

sleep sleep

eat

sleep

sleep

sleep

sleep

live

bath

bath

sleep

sleep

eat

live

h

eat

sleep

THE NEED TO HOUSING IN LOS ANGELES After the WWII the the ideal of privacy got stricter in the USA. In Los Angeles, the need to accomodate all the transient populations is not sustainedbecause there are not enough aordable housing types throughout the city.

The ďŹ rst plan shows the land use of Los Angeles.

The yellow areall the residential zones and the pink are the commercial zones. The second map shows the distribution of vacant lots already zoned for multifamily across Los Angeles. Vacant parcels are shaded red, while occupied lots are yellow

A Love Story ARCHIGRAM, 1960

PROPOSAL / AM

05

Takara Pavilion Facade, KISHO KURAKOVA 1970

MEGA INSFRASTRUCTURE (POWER + STRUCTURE) ADAPTABLE FOR GROWTH

POSSIBLE SITES ALTHOUGH THESE POPULATIONS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE HOME”LESS” THERE IS AN ATTACHEMENT TO THE SPACES THEY CURRENTLY OCCUPY IN THE CITY. I.E. PEOPLE ARE BUSED INTO SKID ROW DURING THE DAY AND THEN RETURNED TO THEIR HOMELESS SHELTER AT NIGHT. THE ATTACHMENT TO THESE SPACES ARE “HOME” AND THE IDEA OF UPROOTING THESE POPULATIONS IS UN REALISTIC TO THE SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT. TO GET THESE POPULATIONS PURPOSEFULLY INVOLVED IN THESE TRANSEINT HOUSING NODES, WE MUST LOCATE OURSELVES WHERE THEY CURRENTLY OCCUPY.

VENICE BEACH // RESIDE

VENICE BEACH

DOWNTOWN

INDIVIUAL

WEST RANCHO DOMINGUEZ

VEHICLE TENT

MAP / DISTRIBUTION OF HOME”LESS”

DOWNTOWN // COMMERCIAL

ENTIAL + COMMERCIAL

ANALYZING SITES

WEST RANCHO DOMINGUEZ // RESIDENTIAL

PRIVATIZED NEIGHBORHOODS / TAKING OVER BACK + FRONT LAWS

POPULATION / 5,669.

DENSITY / 3,430.8 people per square mile RACIAL DEMOGRAPHICS / 2010 18.6% White (1.3% - Non-Hispanic White) / 52.5% African American / 0.6% Native American / 0.8% Asian / 0.4% PaciďŹ c Islander 23.9% from other races / 3.3% from two or more races / Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,526 persons (44.6%).

HOUSEHOLDS / 99.7% of the population lives in households: 1,537 households 50.4% - had children under the age of 18 40.5% - were opposite-sex married couples living together 32.9% - had a female householder with no husband present 9.0% - had a male householder with no wife present 5.7% - unmarried opposite-sex partnerships 0.7% - same-sex married couples or partnerships HOUSEHOLD INCOME / (2009-2013) - $45,373, with 17.2% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

S T A R T I N G P O I N T / WEST RANCHO DOMINGUEZ

SPACES AVAILABLE AT DIFFERENT SCALES

COMBINED BIG LOTS

03

IN BETWEEN LOTS / PARKING

02

BACK / FRONT LAWNS

01

common

eat, relax, help, learn

sleeping unit

infrastructure

power, water, structure

AT THIS CASE THE MEGASTRUCTURE WILL START FROM WEST RANCHO WHERE THERE ARE MANY SEPERATE PRIVATE GROUPS OF PRIVATE SINGLE FAMILY HOME NEIGHBORHOODS - PRIVATIZED NEIGHBORHOODS THAT ONE CAN BENEFIT FROM. IN THE SMALLER SCALE, THE LOT OF A SINGLE FAMILY HOME CAN BE DECONSTRUCTED AND THE LAWS CAN BE TAKEN OVER. IN A BIGGER SCALE AND AS A METHOD OF GROWING THROUGHOUT THE CITY, THE PARKING LOTS OR OTHER EMPTY LOTS THAT ARE AVAILABLE FOR USE WILL BE TAKEN OVER. THE MEGASTRUCTURE WILL CONNECT THE SPACES THAT ARE AVAILABLE FOR USE AND WILL GROW INTO DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS. BY COMBINING EMPTY LOTS TO CREATE A CONTINOUS PLANE IN PLAN, THE SECTION OF THE CITY WILL BE DEEPENED.

CONTINUOUS AND ADAPTABLE POWER STRUCTURE THE MEGASTRUCTURE BOTH SUPPORTS THE OVERALL BUILDING AND BECOMES THE POWER SOURCE TO ATTACH TO. THE INDIVIDUAL UNITS NEED TO CONNECT TO THIS SOURCE TO BE ABLE TO FUNCTION AND THE REST OF THE SPACE AROUND THE STRUCTURE IS ALL COMMUNAL AND SHARED SPACES EXCLUDING THE SLEEPING NEED OF ONE SELF. THE INDIVIDUAL UNITS WILL SERVE AS APPARATUS TO TO PLUG IN TO THE SYSTEM TO EXIST. OTHER THAN THAT, ALL THE ACTIVITIES ARE SHARED IN THE COMMON SPACE AROUND THE POWER SOURCE WHICH MAKES A FLUID SPACE BOTH SOCIALLY AND ARCHITECTURALLY. THE POWER SOURCE / STRUCTURE HAS THE ABILITY TO ADAPT ITSELF TO DIFFERENT SITES AND CONDITIONS. THIS MEGASTRUCTURE WILL GROW IN TIME AND WILL TAKE OVER THE CITY.

LONG BEACH

VENICE BEACH LAX AIRPORT

CONTINUING SURFACE THAT WILL GROW INTO DIFFERETNR PARTS OF THE CITY

DOWNTOWN

EXPANSION / CONTRACTION // ADAPTING WALLS THROUGH CHANGES OVER TIME

PROPOSED PROJECT TIME LINE

2024

2025

OLYMPIC TRANSIENT VILLAGE HOUSING

2075

MAIN HOUSING TYPOLOGY

ANNOTATED B

06

B IBLIOGRAPHY

Cuff, Dana. "The Figure of the Neighbor: Los Angeles Past and Future." American Quarterly 56.3 (2004): 559-82.

Cuff focuses on the history of neighborhoods throughouthistory, including the more public nature of the original housing built throughout L.A. moving to the private housing we currently can see there. Moving from history the discussion shifts to one of the future of urban planning. The potential that public, and semipublic space could have on a private urban fabric such as L.A.

“To begin to build a more civil society within urban cultures, neighborhood form cannot be set by exclusionary tactics of segregation or boundary definition…Instead attention needs to be directed toward common interests identified with the group and interstitial spaces located between group members. A more complex elaboration of semi-private and semipublic spaces is called for.”

“Can the next figure of the neighbor be designed to make more possible not just local but public civility?”

“Porches, stoops, apartment house lobbies and picture windows establish a transition between the private and public spheres, bridging the household and the neighborhood.

Side yards, party walls, and fences mediate between neighbors. The political signs and holiday decorations places in a window communicate the occupant’s identity.

Sidewalks, streets, and parks, while technically public, belong to the neighborhood, and trespassers are noted.”

“The city created from its many experiments a textured figure of the neighbor, while simultaneously establishing the grounds for its modification. New development pressures, particularly on the oldest suburbs of L.A. now inside the city and highly heterogeneous in social and physical terms, set the stage for contemporary explorations in the neighborhood.”

“The construct of the figure of the neighbor is multifaceted.It not only implies material figures such as windows on the street, but embodies conceptions of self, stranger, other, friend, enemy. Intrinsically, the neighbor is an intersubjective mediation between self and the other: one must be one to have one.”

Galloway, Alexander. Introduction, Protocol: How Control Exists After Decentralization. Originally published 2001, The MIT Press, 2004

“In opposition to the established idea that the house is ‘symbol of self’, the contemporary middle-class house is more likely to be a symbol of everyone else.”

“Utopian planning requires large-scale undertakings in order to reshape broad swaths of everyday life.”

After the loss of individuation, control exists even stronger. Galloway in“Protocol: How Control exists After Decentralization” alsorelates to this paradigm. He discusses technical definitionsof computer-based systems like their management stylecalled the protocol: an ordered and organized behavior; and relates the structure of these computer systems to the structure of our society and highlights the hegemonistic power that is neither visible nor stable. He agrees with Deleuze that we are now a Society of Control and

the new structure of our transformed society. He focuses on the distributive network; “a structural form without center that resembles a web or meshwork” which is how computer systems are, the digital computer and its management style protocol; which earlier, “referred to any type of correct or proper behavior within a specific system of conventions. It is an important concept in the area of social etiquettes as well as in the fields of diplomacy and international relations.”

The homogeneous structure of distributed network does not have any center points, thus any hierarchy in between hosts, which is similar to the highway system where one can have many routes to reach the same point.

controlling the structure of our Internet. Every detail that neglects one’s individualism or individuation is available to everyone else and especially for the ones who are in power.

Moreover, relating to our disciplinary behavior, protocol that exists within this system thus can be called protocological control, also affects functioning of bodies within a social space. Control of hegemonistic power, creating duality in between different collective individuals or ethnic groups is conspicuous in different time periods and events throughout the history. The contrasting thoughts, religions or ideas will never diminish thus it is impossible to neglect them while thinking about the future.

Correspondingly, according to Galloway’s technical knowledge, IP addresses also use “an anarchic and highly distributed model, with every device being an equal peer to every other device on the global Internet.”, just like the notion of rhizomes in terms of its equality. Contrasting is the arborescent, which is an inverted tree structure that has a visible hierarchy and which was first used in The Thousand Plateaus

by Deleuze and Guattari, which also concerns about totalizing principles, binarism and dualism. Similarly, Galloway also examines other types of networks such as centralized and decentralized, which have nodes and central hubs that have all energy and power.

“In what Michel Foucault called the sovereign societies of the classical era, characterized by centralized power and sovereign fiat, control existed as an extension of the word and deed of the master, assisted by violence and other coercivefactors.”

Now, even if the distributive network, which is the structural system of how our computers work within each other, requires a homogeneous standard of interconnectivity for its operation, there is an invisible but a huge power that controls this network. It is the protocol that is embedded into this computer system, which is owned by the real power that controls the structure of the society just like protocol,

“This book is about a diagram, a technology, management style. The diagram is the distributed network, a structural form without center that resembles a web or meshwork.

The technology is the digital computer, an abstract machine able to perform the work of any other machine (provided it can be described logically.) The management style is protocol, the principle of organization native to computers in distributed networks. All three come together to define a new apparatus of control that has achieved importance at the start of the new millennium.”

“Protocol is not a new word. Prior to its usage in computing, protocol referred to any type of correct or proper behavior within a specific system of conventions. It is an important

concept in the area of social etiquettes as well as in the fields of diplomacy and international relations.”

Deleuze defines the diagram as “a map, a cartography that is coexistence with the whole social field.”

“Each point in a network is neither a central hub nor a satellite node – there are neither trunks or leaves. It contains nothing but “intelligent end point systems that are self deterministic allowing each end point system to communicatewith any host it chooses.

Kim, Annette Miae. Sidewalk City: Remapping Public Spacein Ho Chi Minh City. Chicago, Ill. ; London: U of Chicago,2015.

“Sidewalks are also important economically as a transportationsystem and social safety net.” – Pg 16 “What kind of sidewalk would unleash its potential as a public space? How would it operate and what might it look like? How would we manage conflicts over space?” –Pg 28 “For example the current discourse that the disenfranchised should have a “right to the city” would be more meaningful if we advanced to talking about rights to specific spaces in the city.” – Pg 49 Martinez, Michael. "Downtown Los Angeles, Home to America's Skid Row." CNN. Cable News Network, n.d.

Web.24 Oct. 2016.

Skid Row has become less transient… The true definition of transient is short term. Now it's long term. It's become a neighborhood."

Mouffe, Chantal. Chapter 1: What is Agonistic Policies?.

Agonistics: Thinking The World Politically, Verso 2013 (p.1-18) Mouffe discusses the difference between politics and political,in terms of their use in daily society. Mouffe argues that liberalism is an ideal that can never truly be achieved because in politics there needs to be a “them” to be an “us”.

Liberal thought considers only the whole, these attempts can never fully be realized because of how the development of a political society works, and it’s an idealistic view on political power. “every identity is relational and that the affirmation of a difference is a precondition for the existence of any identity.”

“Liberal thought is also blind to the political because of its individualism, which makes it unable to understand the formation of collective identities.” “possibility of the formation of political identities is at the same time the condition of impossibility of a society from which antagonism can be eliminated. “every order is therefore susceptible to being challenged by counter hegemonic practices that attempt to disarticulate it in an effort to install another form of hegemony.”

On the streets. Prod. L.A. Times, 04 Mar. 2015. Web. “I used to be somebody. Now I’m somebody else.”

“I live in the only town where there’s no homeless. Even if you just have a tree and tarp under it, that is your home.”

“I have the largest house in Venice – because Venice is my house. I have friends that have offered me places to stay. I would prefer to live in my car in Venice than in a mansion with a swimming pool overlooking the city any day.”

“You’re a guest in these neighborhoods, if you’re living this way.”

“I see the homelessness everywhere and it became so visible it turned invisible.”

Traganou, Jilly; Tuttle, Grace. The Translocal Geography of Olympic Dissent: Activism, Design, Affect, Design as Future-Making. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014 (p. 116-127) This chapter focuses on the Anti-Olympic acts that existed in all Olympics by activists, which raises the questions of transparency, justice and social engagement and economical power. The text gives examples of different anti-acts and designs that tried to include the public into the Olympic scene. It highlights the significance of designing the Olympics as a project of socio spatial transformation, considering the local needs, privatization of land and local materials to be able to decrease the budget and praise not the economical value and the hierarchical power but the gathering event of sports.

“The homeless because of their constancy you tend to be able to just filter them out eventually.”

“Games are… for everyone, regardless of age, culture and language. The emblem is designed to be populated, to contain in-fills and images, so it is recognizable enough for everyone to feel and be part of London 2012”

“Homelessness can be a reality of rational decision making under extreme duress.”

“criticized militarization of the regime and lack of civil liberties”

“You guys are my neighbors and I see you on a regular basis.

Just because you don’t have a home that you pay rent or a mortgage to doesn’t mean that you don’t live in the arts district or skid row or wherever in between. I see you more than I would see the person who lives right next to me.”

“a global theater of representation” “Trespassing can be seen as an act that functions between spatial appropriation and disruption, which utilizes both spatial and performative means. The question of what lies behind the fence, literally and metaphorically, during the development process of new Olympic territory intrigues the imagination and ignites the rage of citizens who demand transparency and inclusion.”

Waldinger, Roger. "Ethnicity and Opportunity in the PluralCity." Ethnic Los Angeles. Ed. ROGER WALDINGER and MEHDI BOZORGMEHR. Russell Sage Foundation, 1996.

445-70. Web.

“Moreover, the immigrant pattern finds its parallel among the native born. Here the tendency toward concentration is not quite so strong, nor is it quite so certain, as some of the native-born populations are still quite small.”

Waldinger discusses the complexity in the ethnic roles in LA. He discusses how instead of being a binary society, they have a more complex plural levels to their social levels. The immigrant population in LA is quite large and ever growing, because one does not necessarily start on the bottom when entering LA. They are better assimilated into the population than other cities.

“But if the future lies with the children, as we have argued, then the immigrants and their problems of today may all be beside the point.”

“"Los Angeles will be THE city of the 21st century." 1 Unlike past visions of Los Angeles as the best of all possible worlds, with no place for ethnic outsiders, LA 2000 saw "a mosaic with every color distinct, vibrant, and essential to the whole" and embraced it.”

“But all that is history; Los Angeles is now profoundly, irremediablyethnic. And that is not a question for the region alone. In L.A., late twentieth-century America finds a mirror to itself. Los Angeles, after all, is not an old, decaying inner city. Instead, it is America's quintessential suburb, the dynamic product of postwar U.S. capitalism …”

“In Los Angeles, the demographic transformations of recent decades have created a new ethnic order, one far too complex for the binary oppositions of any dualistic scheme. At the end of the twentieth century, Los Angeles is not so much a dual as a plural city, in which the myriad new ethnic groups have created a segmented system, where each group largely lives and works in its own distinctive social world.”

“But once a nucleus of newcomers had been put in place, immigration became a self-feeding mechanism, with a momentum all its own. The more immigrants who moved to Los Angeles, the easier it was for the next batch to follow behind. Settlers were able to help with jobs, housing, and the money to come to L.A. Employers became accustomed to recruiting and hiring newcomers…”

“But the prospects for realism in immigration matters are poor, since fantasy flourishes in L.A. Unfortunately, continuing controversy can be expected as the region seeks to turn the clock back in its search for a homogeneous Anglo world that is no more.”

Ulin, David L. Sidewalking: Coming to Terms with Los Angeles. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.

“And yet, the paradox is that the more we walk, the less we notice, the more the passing landscape blurs to indistinction, like the backdrop of a Road Runner cartoon. That’s especially true of Los Angeles, this thirty - five-mile-per-hour city, where the very notion of the street as a public space remains alien somehow.” – Pg 13

“A good part of the day in Los Angeles is spent driving, alone, through streets devoid of meaning to the driver, which is one reason the place exhilarates some people, and floods others with an amorphous unease.” –Pg 13 “Most photographed. Least remembered. The difference is between a public and private record, between a city’s outer and its inner life. This why I walk, to root myself, to create a space, a history, a language. I walk to remember, in other words, not to forget.” –Pg 14 “…the surface, the public record, is constantly collapsing into the interior landscape, the street as markers, territorial or otherwise, the building blocks, the triggers, of identity.”

–Pg 17 “…the echo’s here were not another city but of these sidewalks, of experience long since left behind.” –Pg 18

low-income housing shortages, or low wages.” –Pg 153 “According to Coates, women must be “saved” from homelessness because they are, in essence, the “weaker sex.”

Thus it is more barbarous for women to be homeless than it is for men and easier to pity rather than blame them.” –Pg 154 “If I gave money to a homeless person, I feel that I would be contributing to the problem and encouraging them to become a beggar and rewarding undesirable attitudes and a lack of long-term values and goals. I have contributed to charities because I feel they will make better use of the money and hopefully help these people change their attitudes.We all experience financial ups and downs in our lives. I have been very close to bankruptcy and had periods where debt far exceeded my assets. It would have been easy to bury my problems in abuses (i.e., drinking . . .) instead of changing course and addressing the problems.” – Pg 162

Williams, Jean Calterone. “Meanings and Myths of Homelessness: HOUSED PEOPLE SPEAK.”A Roof Over My Head: Deleuze, Gilles. Postscript on the Societies of Control, The Homeless Women and the Shelter Industry, University MIT Press, October 1992, Vol 59. Pp. 3-7.

Pressof Colorado, Boulder, 2016, pp. 151–192, http://www.-jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1ggjkbx.7.

The conception of control mechanism in the new millenniumis enhanced by the introduction of new technologies “Just as shelter caseworkers rely on single-issue explanations starting from the mid 1950’s and since then, raised questions for homelessness, many housed people also tend to for many thinkers about the hegemonistic, unstable separate homeless people into distinct categories. Even and even then invisible power that exist in our society though they comment on the myriad reasons for homelesstoday. The timeline can begin with Michel Foucault’s ness,non homeless people generally believe one person is description of sovereign societies, which he characterizes by homeless strictly because of behavior, attitude, or mental “centralized power and sovereign fiat, control existed as an illness while another is homeless only because of job loss, extension of the word and deed of the master, assisted by

violence and other coercive factors.” The transition into societies of discipline happens when power over life itself and the human beings are in the form of ants trying to survive their everyday lives by their given agendas and disciplines, which is then transformed into a Control Society described in Deleuze’s “Postcript on Control Societies.” The new generated form of our society can also be called society of speed because of the fact that it can overtake its own human capacities.

our society. The discussion goes forward to the point where humans also change state and become trans or posthuman which is another term that highlights our intimate relationship with technology.

Today in our society of control, and the everyday developmentof our new computers, the “socio-technological study of mechanisms of control”, becomes a very significant conceptto focus on which then raises many other concerns.

This regeneration raised ‘counters’, which are the opposing ideas that evolve during the extensive usage of new technologies and the fact that it’s a threatening part of our society, which does not concern the ants of our society. The disciplinary action of the government emphasizes our disciplinary society of surveillance, which is related to the concept of Panopticon, an experimental space of power in which behavior can be controlled or modified. Architecture is one way to solidify power and according to Deleuze, the “enclosures” that exist in every city such as institutional buildings, schools, prisons or clinics, which are molds and the controls that exist within that enclosure are a modulation, which changes over time. This system of control also mutates the stage of capitalism. Like earlier when there was the need of producing and creating something new, now the concern of capitalism is to have many products to be sold or marketed. The objects desire is to be out and be bought. This new circulation of capitalism also relates to how control exists within our everyday lives and manipulates

In his essay Parikka tries to address the new “software culture and organization of the labor of programming in relation to cultural techniques.” This is a new way of labor that organizes our societies’ social reality. There is a management of code and code work, techniques, management and organization that also relates to our structure of society, which is also controlled and organized by external forces.

According to Parikka, coding reality is completely different than physical world where it produces cognitive knowledge instead of physical knowledge. He highlights that the system of cognitive capital creates an ideology on the whole, which refers to the similar behaviors we all tend to share.

Parikka, Jussi. “Cultural Techniques of Cognitive Capitalism:Metaprogramming and the Labour of Code.”

University of Southhampton, 2011, pp 30-52.

Siegfried Zielinski, “Introduction” Deep Time of the Media, The MIT Press, 2006 Relating this to the evolution and paradigm of technology, Zielinski explains different concentrations of media, by examining the examples of the past in his Introduction: The Idea of a Deep Time of the Media. He makes a journey to the past, starting from the 1500’s, to use the sources of the future

and the government to think about the past throughout his “writing. He gives the example of the phenomenon cyberpunk, the trash of humanity, struggling to surrender machines and the “eternal artificial life and surrender machines and the “eternal artificial life and decomposing matter” to be able to emphasize the early moments around the 1980’s where technological development accelerated, and which created movies like Matrix and Bladerunner as a way of showing us dystopic futures.

Zielinski explains us “The Dead Media Project” where Sterling “traversed the past to arrive in the present” and confronted romantic notions of technology and of death including fantasies about the immortality of the machines.

Zielinski believes that we still have the ability to influence how long ideas and concepts retain their radiance and luminescence by excavating the media of the past, not for seeking old in the new but to find something new in the old. If we got to a point where old ways of media are so transformed, taking that backward to see new possibilities and examining how we got to this point is significant. For him “media are spaces of action for constructed attempts to connect what is separated” and can relate to the cultural transformation of our society.

“Evolution, which is counted in billions of years, progresses very slowly.” Our last 20 years only, was our technological transformation as a society where the evolution happened much faster than earlier, transforming us to a big and crowded capitalist contemporary society. In this contemporary world, we cannot make the separation between culture and economy because there is a loop of power formation that links to how our society is organized in every detail to

our everyday lives. In our new state of society, we adaptourselves to our environment not biologically anymore but technologically and culturally. We connect through devices and machines, and relate ourselves to them. We start to dehumanize when we combine our bodies with the machines, making them a part of our body.

Zielinski’s concern to dig into past media is not “an invitationto cultural pessimists to indulge in nostalgia” but to understand the place “where the options for development in various directions were still wide open” and “where the future was conceivable as holding multifarious possibilities of technical and cultural solutions for constructing media worlds” as well as encountering people who took risks in these media worlds.

Shaw, Debra Benita. Streets Are For Cyborgs: The Electronic Flâneur and the Posthuman City, Space and Culture, 2015 Vol 18 Article Our adaptation as individuals to each other and to our environment nowadays,happens through various technological techniques or machines. According to Shaw,“there is a correspondence between the emerging industrial city of the 19th century and the emergence of cyberspace in the late 20th century as a new space producing an urgent need for a figure that could represent the conditions of its inhabitation.”

Referencing Walter Benjamin, she addresses figures as flaneur and cyberflaneur not only to examine the practice of flaneur, which articulates the everyday life of the street with productive forces of the economy and architectural arrangements of state power and its institutional histories,

and thus “maintain a hierarchy of distinctions” as floating spectacles of capitalism, but to examine our new role in the production of both urban an electronic spaces. “The street” is a place where social interaction happens the most. It is a mobile place “from where threats to the hegemony of capital accumulation and its social arrangements may emerge.”

It is both organized and controlled; it’s a place for capitalist markets as well as a place for criminal activities. It is a high-income store next to a homeless living in his own tent and it accommodates all the invisible actions of authority and power. Even if everyone can walk on the sidewalk, the experience of being on the street still reflects a distinction and a separation in between cultures and identities, between the over identification of the gated community and people walking by.

Sturken, “Mobilities of Time and Space” Technological Visions: The Hopes and Fears of New Technologies, Temple University Press, Philadelphia Understanding the chronological development throughout human history in terms of making “urban cities” based on our inputs and relationships to our cities, makes it easier to describe our speed and mobility in our transformed environment. Sturken questions the experience of modernity in this new era that we live in, in “Mobilities of Time and Space: Technologies of the Modern and the Postmodern. The worldview values into “science, technology, growth and progress and these sensibilities create symbols of our modernity – railroads, skyscrapers, subways and the urban cityscape.

The railroad for example is “ a primary metaphor for the meanings of modernity – it moves forward, it designates

time as linear, and it restructures time and space as it hurtles toward the future, toward new places, toward destinations”.

Unfortunately, the downfalls of this development have resulted in the focus being more about the destination than about the transition. One becomes disconnected from others and one’s self when experiencing this destination-focused transportation.

“If modernity was characterized by a separation of space and place, in postmodernity, there is an emphasis on the proliferation of non-spaces – airports, freeways, bank machines… As non-spaces, freeways, malls and television produce a kind of dislocation and displacement which in turn fosters a kind of detachment.”

These kind of contemporary post modernist cities have adapted to present time so well that during the transportation from one places to another, one does not experience the mode of transportation, in Los Angeles’ case this mode is the car. When going from point A to B, the moment in between – the mode of transportation – becomes a ritual and gets forgotten instead of being a place. In LA, this experience is even more mobile and fast because of the highways. The person becomes detached from the neighborhoods they are passing through, as well as the fellow commuters they are passing through it with. They become ambiguous spaces, which acts as physical and social boundaries within individuals or collectives of society. “The experience of non places, spaces of waiting and transition such as airports, is not simply one of distraction or detachment. It is also about a kind of solitary subjectivity – not of social relations so much as an emphasized singularity.” Thus the whole notion of mobility of the city becomes a source of isolation and separation from others.

Lefebvre, Henri. Dissolving the City, Environment and Planning:Society and Space, 2014, volume 32, pages 203– 205

which will annihilate the diversities of our society. And our way of inscribing into a space is even hierarchized based on our social classes, which appears as another paradox of our relationship to the city. So by the early 1980’s with the transOn a bigger scale, the cities urban spaces also have the formation of forms of government, organizing of workspace, a same reflection. Our movements as pedestrians depend on network of organization that connects all of us which is the these urban spaces, which we created ourselves. Humans Internet, the geometrization of space, one starts to argue the make cities and then we allow this urban environment we relationship between the body and the cities. At this point, created to control us and serve as a calculated and controlled the term identity becomes very problematic. We relate our experience to ourselves every single day. With our bodies to our devices and welcome the machines to control machines, now we have gone from a production of absolute and exist in our environment. We exist in different identities space to an abstract space. These abstract spaces are somein our screen or in the physical world, which makes a society times designed by urban screens, which are facades of of hybridized existence. It becomes a ritual to adapt to buildings becoming screens for advertisement and again; a these changes so easily and want to do that more when a tool for capitalist power. Our urban center is transforming newer one comes. We can’t have a centrality of though and because or behavior and our interaction during our movement organization of thought within ourselves to reach a concluaround the city starts to change in form. With our sion individually because we get centralized by the power new devices with extra dimensions, a network of a cloud or and the techniques of capitalism, which blur our interaction our flat screens, we change our physical space into virtual with the outer world and makes it completely coded based space in our everyday living. Like Marx’s idea, there starts on the governmental needs. the abstraction of living, labor and human beings under the power of capitalism. Henri Lefebvre in his essay “Dissolving city, planetary metamorphosis” discusses how this dislocation Onishi, B.B. Information, Bodies and Heidegger. Religious between our selves and the urban space appears in Studies Department, University of California physical world and how our behaviors turn our urban environment into a new site of consumption. Every mood of The danger is not from technology but it’s from the production produces a new space with the notion of develop- essence of it. Because “the rule of enframing threatens man ment. Centers transform into tourist centers and get with the possibility that it could be denied to him to enter into seen from the screen or the historic center becomes another a more original revealing and hence to experience the call of a tool to arrange and organize its surroundings; for the more primal truth”. Technology and technological objects new center of power and decision-making. Our space is enframes our everyday lives and becomes an apparatus that already controlled and gets divided into “plots that can be even takes our disciplinary way of living under control in which bought and sold and their prices depend on a hierarchy” the threat lies for the future. The problem of technology is it’s

means to an end or even an end of a specific time period already. At this point of the timeline, there is a disposition of humans when technology becomes structural for the society.

This disposition evolves post humanistic aspects such as trans-humans or post-humans that live with an artificial body and a computer systematized brain because we are now hybrids of technology, which is a new paradigm that provides many other aspects of concepts and ideas. Onishi, in his writing “Information, Bodies, and Heidegger: Tracing Visions of the Posthuman” articulates this transformation of humans into a new stage. Because of our hyper use of technology, there is a new relationship that evolved between humans and machines, which also questions how we as humans interpret with reality and what it means to be a human. Post humanism which is a reflection of the discussion of humanism, wants to “overcome the humanist understanding of the human in a revised model” which ironically will disrupt all characteristics of a real human. Transhumanists, which can be called scientific posthuman, envision posthumans that will “inhabit prosthetic bodies, or live virtually as avatars in cyberspace.” This means that the body is changed into something artificial; without bones, flesh or organs, and the brain loses its emotions, which at this point makes a human a nonhuman. These concepts raise questions of immortality vs. existentialism, by eliminating physicality of human and by the end of this time; there will be a disappearance of the physical body and the elimination of the “self” and “individual.”

Stiegler, Symbolic Misery, Chapter III. Allegory of the Anthill Stiegler’s “Allegory of Anthills” investigates these new

forms of humans referring to Simondon who “characterizes modernity by way of the industrial machine and as the appearance of a new kind of individual” which is a technical individual or the machine itself. – or a servant.

With this machinarism,happens the “loss of individuation”, because all outcomes and the system of technology, which we are imposed to live in by external forces in the hyper industrial age, bring computation and calculation into consideration. With these calculations and “the entry into a bio-digital” age, things get more and more complex and the identity of one becomes more threatened. A formation happens when mechanization takes over human actions and single identities start to disappear. Instead of an individuation, the identity gets based on a code or a number that we all have, to be able to be distinguished from each other in our society.

07

GLOSSARY / KEY WORDS SOCIO-SPATIAL: the result of urban sprawl resulting in the separation of groups geographically SPATIAL INEQUALITY: unfair distribution of space REGENERATION: the process of growth by replacement QUINTENSENTIAL SUBURB: typical understanding of a suburb PLURAL CITY: a city that has more than two groups or conditions ANTAGONISM: Active hostility or opposition IDENTITY: of an individual vs. architectural identity COLLECTIVE IDENTITY: an identity of multiple people that all relate to PROVISIONAL: existing in the present in a temporary state CULTURE: the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievementregarded collectively

URBAN TISSUE: a network of connections, both physically and experientially that allow for people in different socio-economic groups to interact with each other and find common ground within a city NEIGHBOR: a person who lives near another; one’s fellow human being CONNECTED CITY: a city with fluidity in terms of circulation and interaction with fellow occupants IDENTITY: the fact of being who or what a person or thing is; a close similarity or affinity.

DOMESTICITY: home or family life SOCIAL BOUNDARIES: Symbolic boundaries are a theory of how people form social groups proposed by cultural sociologists. Symbolic boundaries are “conceptual distinctions made by social actors…that separate people into groups and generate feelings of similarity and group membership.”

TRANSIENCY: lasting only for a short time; impermanent.

TRANSIENT POPULATION: Transient is defined as someone or something that is temporary or staying for a short amount of time. Transient populations are different groups of people being temporaly in the same place city – in our case LA, including homeless – more permanent, student, - the most permanent, and the visitor – least permanent.

GENEOLOGY

08

Bungalows 1900s

First Hostel Established 1912

“Perhaps no building type is more synonymous with early Los Angeles than the residential bungalow. It was largely a product of Southern California in response to our climate and the growing Arts and Crafts movement of the early 20th Century.” In fact, by the early 1900s companies like Sears "established themselves as purveyors of the ready-cut home," and were selling Bungalow kits.

These first youth hostels were an exponent of the vision of the German Youth Movement to let poor city youngsters breathe fresh air outdoors.

The youths were supposed to manage the hostel themselves as much as possible, doing chores to keep the costs down and build character, and be physically active outdoors. Because of this, many youth hostels closed during the middle part of the day. Very few hostels still have a "lockout" or require chores beyond washing up after self-catered meals.

Wendy Gamber 1900s The Boarding House in Nineteenth Century America The Boarding House was created during the World Wars to provide housing to workers who were not near their home.

Gamber writes, this housing was “a symbol of the transient nature of American life.”

United States Communes 1960’s Communes are most frequently associated with the hippie movement—the "back-to-the-land" ventures of the 1960s and 1970s. An intentional community of people living together, sharing common interests, often having common values and beliefs, as well as shared property, possessions, resources, and, in some communes, work and income and assets.

Post War Housing 1940s Post World War II It may look different -- some neighborhoods have the cookie cutter feeling, and many don't. But a post-war house is probably in a large neighborhood with a modest-sized, half-acre or less backyard. A picture window at the front of the home provides a view of the front street. The kitchen typically has a window allowing for a view of the backyard, and usually a back door. It seems crazy to imagine that there wasn't a time when attached garages and carports existed, but by the post-war years, the car was a firmly established member of the family. While houses before World War II might come without a garage, that wasn't the case for the post-war home.

Ted Smith 1980’s Devleoped “go homes” near Del Mar These were groups of living suites that shared kitchens and thus qualified as single family houses - offering affordable living on the edge of a relatively upscale neighborhood.

Dingbat 1960s

The Castle Los Angeles 1965

A dingbat is a type of formulaic apartment building that flourished in the Sun Belt region of the United States, a vernacular variation of shoebox style "stucco boxes".

Dingbats are boxy, two- or three-story apartment houses with overhangs sheltering street-front parking Mainly found in Southern California dingbats are known for their downmarket status and inexpensive rents. Some replaced more distinctive but less profitable building structures, such as single-family homes.

They responded to the social ills they observe coming together in a mass movement to drop out of society and moving through three of Dawson and Gettys' four stages of a social movement: social unrest, popular assertion o the ideal, formal organization. Eventually, thi formal organization required the movement t go back to the land in order to be viable again the typical urban society.

ed, p

of is to nst

Housing Shortage 2011 -2013

CouchSurfing Founded 2003 Micro Living Sweeps United States 2002 Micro developments have drawn criticism for not facing the same level of design and environmental review that a newly constructed conventional apartment undergoes because a single-dwelling is defined as a unit that includes its own kitchen.

HOPE IV 1992 HOPE VI funds were devoted to demolishing poor-quality public housing projects and replacing them with lower-density developments, often of mixed-income. Funds included construction and demolition costs, tenant relocation costs, and subsidies for newly constructed units. HOPE VI has become the primary vehicle for the construction of new federally subsidized units, but it suffered considerable funding cuts in 2004 under President George W. Bush.

A biennial report from the federal government titled The Components of Inventory Change found that the nation’s housing stock increased by a net 270,000 units between 2011 and 2013—the slowest growth measured by the survey over the past decade, which included the worst years of the Great Recession. The report concluded: “Despite the gradually improving economy, there were large declines in both new construction and net additions to the housing stock during the 2011–2013 period compared to the 2007–2009 period.”

Andrew Jacobs New York Times 2007

Brad Hargreaves 2016 Common’s Founder -Co-living Company Lehrer Architects 2014 Affordable housing projects Developed three affordable housing prototypes for challeging infill lots in South Los Angeles. The project was completed in conjunction with Restore Neighbhorhoods L.A.

Generation Stuck 2012

“After decades of contraction, the American commune movement has been expanding since the mid-1990s, spurred by the growth of settlements that seek to marry the utopian-minded commune of the 1960s with the American predilection for privacy and capital appreciation”

Air Bnb Founded 2008

Getting around is cheap. But moving is expensive. It's not just a $20 bus to Billings. There are emotional and psychological costs to uprooting your life and starting fresh in a city without social or professional connections. You need some degree of bravery of certainty that things will work out. Today, young people have less economic insurance to bet on a big move these days. Wages for the young are falling, student debt is rising, and twentysomethings are twice as likely to be unemployed as the rest of the country. This kind of economic uncertainty works as an anchor on national migration.

"Being able to live anywhere, rather than being bound by yearlong leases in individual cities and individual buildings, really reflects how people are living and working today. We're not committing to one career for all 40 years of our working lives. We're switching between jobs, between gigs, between traditional and nontraditional education, between startups. And we want to build a type of housing that enables that.""

Jeffery Milstein 2015 Aerial Photographs exploring divide between rich and poor “The American dream of owning ones own single family home can be seen at one extreme in the most affluent LA neighborhoods, where nearly every house has its own pool and tennis court, often just feet from the neighbors.”

08.1 / index

ADAPTIVE TISSUES FOR LA

CONVENIENCE AND MOBILITY ...To increase mobility and access to many possible future zones and areas, strategically organized surfaces should be embedded into the existing urban fabric for the “transformation of a ground plane into a living, connective tissue between disparate fragments and unforeseen programs.�

INSERTED PRIVATE PARKING

EMBEDDED LANDSCAPE ADAPTATION This responsive and adaptive surface can adapt to changes of the future and connects significant points of the city, while acting as an “instrument of mobility, convenience and social equality.”

It is a “connective tissue that organizes not only objects and spaces but also dynamic processes and events that move through them.”

VENICE BOULEVARD

PARKING LOT

VISTA HERMOSA PARK

ECHO LAKE / PARK

HIGHWAY JUNCTIONS

HOLLENBECK PARK + JUNCTION

RAILROAD AREA

STAPLES CENTER

SAINT JAMES PARK

OPEN LOT

CONSTRUCTION X

PARKING LOT COMMERCIAL

COMPUTER SECURITY

GAS COMAPNY LOFTS

HOTEL

BRASILIAN STEAKHOUSE

JETRO

DENNY’S

JUNCTION I110

PERSHING SQUARE + PARKING

STREET

PARKING LOT PARKING GARAGE

COMMERCIAL

KOREAN SENIOR CLUB

HOTEL

MOST DOM. POP. MEDIAN INCOME EDUCATION (4) ANCESTRY

DOWNTOWN

WESTLAKE

KOREATOWN

WINDSOR SQ. HANCOCK PARK

IMMIGRATION

FAIRFAX

BEVERLY GROVE

36.7 %LATINO 21% ASIAN 22% BLACK

73.4 % LATINO

53.5 % LATINO 32% ASIAN

42% ASIAN 38% WHITE

71% WHITE

84.7 % WHITE

82 % WHITE

15,003$

26,757$

30,558$

61,767$

85,277$

65,938$

63,039$

18%

12%

21%

46%

56%

55%

50%

23% MEX 3.6% KOR

35% MEX 6% GUAT

22% MEX 21% KOR

33% KOR 5% GER

6% IRISH 6% RUSSIAN

8% RUS 6.5% IRISH

10% RUS 8.5% IRAN

44% FOREIGN BORN

68% FOREIGN BORN

68% FOREIGN BORN

45% FOREIGN BORN

26% FOREIGN BORN

23% FOREIGN BORN

37% FOREIGN BORN

45% MEX 17% KOR

37% MEX 17% EL SALVADOR

29% KOR 21% MEX

57% MEX 9% PHILIPPINES

18% KOR 7% PHILIPPINES

9% UKRAINE 8% MEX

20% IRAN 7.4% POLLAND

DOWNTOWN 37 VIOLENT / 80 PROPERTY

WESTLAKE 10 VIOLENT / 48 PROPERTY

WINDSOR SQ.

HANCOCK PARK

1 VIOLENT / 7 PROPERTY

3 VIOLENT / 4 PROPERTY

MEDIAN INCOME PER YEAR

ETHICITY PERCENTAGES OF NEIGHBO

LATINO

50

LATINO

50

DT

WL

NEIGHBORHOODS

KT

WSQ.

HP

F

BG

WEST

ASIAN

BLACK ASIAN

PERCENTAGE

1000 DOLLARS

LATINO

DT

WL

NEIGHBORHOODS

KT

WSQ

EDUCATION LEVEL (4 DEGREE)

ORHOODS

WHITE

WHITE

50

WHITE HOMELESNESS LEVEL

Q.

PERCENTAGE

ASIAN WHITE

HP

F

BG

WEST

DT

WL

NEIGHBORHOODS

KT

WSQ.

HP

F

BG

WEST

WHAT KIND OF ORGANIZING STRATEGIES COULD BE USED?

PRECEDENT // COMBINATORY URBANISM THE COMP LEX BEHAVIOR OF COLLECTIVE FORM

TOWER //

TERRORISM HAS JUST INAUGURATED ANTICITIES STRATEGY. THIS MEANS THAT ALL TOWERS TODAY ARE THREATENED. INSTEAD OF BEING A PLACE OF DOMINION, AS DUNGEONS OF THE PAST, THE TOWER HAS BECOME A PLACE OF WEAKNESS - P A U L V I R I L I O

COMBINATORY URBANISM AS A NEW GENERATING PARADIGM

LANDFORMS, WATERFORMS, BUILTFORMS, PROGRAM AND INFRASTRUCTURE COLLUDE TO PRODUCE HYBRID FORMS THAT ARE NO LONGER OPPOSITIONAL OR AUTONOMOUS; EVERYTHING IS NOW SOME SORT OF TYPOLOGICAL MUTT.

WHILE STRUCTURE IS INHERENTLY DICTATED BY THE NEEDS OF SPACE AS IT UNFOLDS OVER TIME, IT IS MORE COMFORTABLE ACKNOWLEDGING - IN BOTH ORGANIZATIONAL AND FORMAL TERMS - THAT THINGS WILL CHANGE, MORPH, GROW AND EVOLVE WITH PASSING TIME. COMBINATORIAL FORMS DEMONSTRATES A GEOMETRIC IMPURITY, NOTABLY ASYMMETRICAL, AS A FORMAL RESPONSE TO THE IRRESOLUTION AND UNPREDICTABILITY OF THE MULTUIPLE SYSTEMS SIMULTANEOUSLY... EMBED INTO EACH OTHER.

A TAXONOMY OF MORPHOLOGIES

BARS

FORM: LARGE HORIZONTAL VOLUME SIGNIFIES: COMPLEX ADJACENCIES PROGRAM: OFFICE - EDUCATIONAL

FLOATERS

FORM: STRUCTURES ON WATER SIGNIFIES: LEISURE PROGRAM: BEACH - BOATHOUSE - SHOPS - CAFES

PASS AGES

FORM: SOLID OR VOID DIRECTIONAL VOLUMETRIC LINES SIGNIFIES: LINKAGES - CONNECTIONS PROGRAM: BRIDGES - VIEWSCAPES

RE ESTABLISHING URBAN LINKS

Finding new ways for pedestrian circulation, creating different levels of interaction.

URBAN CANYON

Rather than sink instrastructure beneath layers of asphalt, the lines of connection are revelaed through an urban canyon.

VICTORY MOTEL

ENNIS HOU

FROLIC ROOM

LOVELL HOUSE BAR SINISTER

1714 GRAMERCY PLACE 1704 MORTON AVENUE

FORMOSA CAFE

ANGELS FLIGHT

CROSSROADS OF THE WORLD NAKATOMI BUILDING HOLLYWOOD CENTER MOTEL

USE

NITE OWL CAFE

LA PLAYS ITSELF LA CONFIDENTIAL BRADBURY BUILDING

DIE HARD

MOVIE LOCATIONS

THANKS TO DRAGANA ZORIC + EVAN TRIBUS ZEYNEP +ALEXIS