TRANSIENT NEIGHBOR / ZEYNEP + ALEXIS
1900
1930
1970
1990
1950
CURRENT
WHAT IS THE COST O
OF URBAN SPRAWL?
ETHNIC BOUNDARIES
ETHNIC BOUNDARIES MULTIPLE ETHNICITIES
ETHNIC NEIGHBORHOODS
GEOGRAPH Y // STATISTICS
VENICE
SKID ROW
VENICE BEACH
VENICE BEACH / PUBLIC BOARDWALK MARKET
BEVERLY CENTER / BEVERLY GLOVE
MIRACLE MILE / FAIRFAX
HANCOCK PARK
WINDSOR SQUARE
WESTLAKE
KOREATOWN
LITTLE TOKYO
LITTLE BANGLADESH
BROADWAY
ARTS DISTRICT
ENCLOSURES X OPEN SPACES BUILDINGS PARKS INDUSTRIAL / SCHOOL / HOSPITAL / PARKING CEMETERY
G A N G W AR S
Gangs have been a part society for hundreds of years. Today, they are bigger and more dangerous than any time before. Their origins lay in a lack of education, poverty, and racism. Black and Latino gangs in Los Angeles originally come as a response to white racism, but quickly spun out of control.
HOMELESS POPULATION DENSITY
MOST DOM. POP. MEDIAN INCOME EDUCATION (4) ANCESTRY
DOWNTOWN
WESTLAKE
KOREATOWN
WINDSOR SQ. HANCOCK PARK
IMMIGRATION
FAIRFAX
BEVERLY GROVE
36.7 %LATINO 21% ASIAN 22% BLACK
73.4 % LATINO
53.5 % LATINO 32% ASIAN
42% ASIAN 38% WHITE
71% WHITE
84.7 % WHITE
82 % WHITE
15,003$
26,757$
30,558$
61,767$
85,277$
65,938$
63,039$
18%
12%
21%
46%
56%
55%
50%
23% MEX 3.6% KOR
35% MEX 6% GUAT
22% MEX 21% KOR
33% KOR 5% GER
6% IRISH 6% RUSSIAN
8% RUS 6.5% IRISH
10% RUS 8.5% IRAN
44% FOREIGN BORN
68% FOREIGN BORN
68% FOREIGN BORN
45% FOREIGN BORN
26% FOREIGN BORN
23% FOREIGN BORN
37% FOREIGN BORN
45% MEX 17% KOR
37% MEX 17% EL SALVADOR
29% KOR 21% MEX
57% MEX 9% PHILIPPINES
18% KOR 7% PHILIPPINES
9% UKRAINE 8% MEX
20% IRAN 7.4% POLLAND
MEDIAN INCOME PER YEAR
ETHICITY PERCENTAGES OF NEIGHBO
LATINO
50
LATINO
50
DT
WL
NEIGHBORHOODS
KT
WSQ.
HP
F
BG
WEST
ASIAN
BLACK ASIAN
PERCENTAGE
1000 DOLLARS
LATINO
DT
WL
NEIGHBORHOODS
KT
WSQ
EDUCATION LEVEL (4 DEGREE)
ORHOODS
WHITE
WHITE
50
WHITE HOMELESNESS LEVEL
Q.
PERCENTAGE
ASIAN WHITE
HP
F
BG
WEST
DT
WL
NEIGHBORHOODS
KT
WSQ.
HP
F
BG
WEST
DOWNTOWN 37 VIOLENT / 80 PROPERTY
WESTLAKE 10 VIOLENT / 48 PROPERTY
WINDSOR SQ.
HANCOCK PARK
1 VIOLENT / 7 PROPERTY
3 VIOLENT / 4 PROPERTY
CRIME RATES 6 MONTH DATA + LAST WEEK
KOREATOWN 9 VIOLENT / 55 PROPERTY
FAIRFAX
BEVERLY GROVE
2 VIOLENT / 11 PROPERTY
5 VIOLENT / 22 PROPERTY
THE NEIGHBOR “The construct of the figure of the neighbor is multifaceted. It not only implies material figures such as windows on the street, but embodies conceptions of self, stranger, other, friend, enemy. Intrinsically, the neighbor is an intersubjective mediation between self and the other: one must be one to have one.”
NEIGHBOR the person who lives next to
RADIUS OF THE NEIGHBOR
ARE TRANSIENT POPU
LATIONS NEIGHBORS?
THE COMMUTER
7:00 AM
7:30 AM
8:30 AM
9:00 AM
8:00 AM
OVERLAY
COMMUTER BOUNDARIES
PRIMARY BOUNDARY: MEDIAN
NEIGHBOR?
NEIGHBOR?
SECONDARY BOUNDARY: PHYSICAL LIMITS OF THE CAR
THE STUDENT
College, University or Trade School
THE CONSUMER
Storefront
THE VISITOR
Air BNB Hotel
PHYSICAL ENCLOSURES / BOUNDARIES MAIN OLYMPIC CLUSTER - DOWNTOWN
OLYMPIC VENUES
1
LA MEMORIAL COLISEUM
2
NEW MLS STAIDUM
3
GALEN STADIUM
4
SHRINE AUDITORIUM
5
LA CONVENTION CENTER
6
STAPLES CENTER
7
NOKIA THEATER
MOTEL
HOTEL
BANK
x
x
7 6 5
4 3
1 2
THE OLYMPIAN
THE HOMELESS
SKID ROW
IN BETWEEN ARTS DISTRICT AND DOWNTOWN
URBAN AMERICA / POLICY CHOICES FOR LOS ANGELES AND THE NATION
PUBLIC POLICY AND THE INNER CITY ACROSS THREE DECADES INTRO The urban policy of 1960s focused on problems of urban poverty, discrimination against black and the inner city economic decline. The book historically frames and policies of 1990s, starting with the examination of the parallel experiences of the 60s. Their conclusion is that the local initiatives can make improvements at the margin but signifiant improvements in employment for the hard core poor and in their children’s skills and opportunities are depenednt on external factors, especially strong national economic growth and the federal role in urban economic development. As the 1950s ended, south inner cities bcome more segregated centers of poverty inhabited increasingly by blacks displaced from farming. As 1960 began, LA’s urban policty was much more conscious focusing on poverty and race.
“I regret that I needed to steal just to survive”
“Am I really going to give up because I feel like I lost everything?”
“Maybe seeing yourself as “not homeless” is a good thing. When you stop believing that your current state is anything but temporary, the going gets a lot tougher”
“Imagine being treated like less than a human and because of this you act less than your worth”
“I see the homelessness everywhere and it became so visible it turned invisible.”
“Skid row…the first couple times you see it, it’s kind of horrifying”
DEMOGRAPHIC OF HOMELESS IN L.A. Vetrans Chronically Homeleess Substance Abuse Mental Illness Domestic Violence Experience Physical Diability
11% 31% 24% 32% 21% 19%
ETHNICITIES OF HOMELESS IN L.A. African American Hispanic/Latino White/ Caucasian Native American Asaian/ PaciďŹ c Islander Native Hawaiian Multi-Racial/Other
47% 21% 22% 3% 2% 1% 4%
Los Angeles is the third most homeless city in the world. 70% of the more than 40,000 homeless people in Los Angeles are unsheltered, as a whole this is the highest rate of an unsheltered population in the nation.
WHY PEOPLE BECOME HOMELESS Life Altering Event Loss of Loved One Job Loss Divorce Family disputes Fighting for Disabilities
Domestic Violence Vetran Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Decline in Public Assistance Depression Rejection of Material Wealth
Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy THE STIGMA AGAINST HOMELESSNESS Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible Dangerous Hungry Rough Lazy Drug Addicts Beggers Violent Drunks Criminals Uneducated Scary Crazy Dirty Choice Waste Stink Wrecked Junkies Addicts Desperate Irresponsible
s
s
“Homeless people are an afterthought, we still look at them like ok you aren’t a person”
MYTHS ABOUT HOMELESSNESS
1. Homeless People Don’t Work - 45% of the homeless population have worked in the last 30 days 2. All homeless people have substance abuse problems - 1 in 4 homeless have had a substance abuse problem in their past 3. Homeless people are older - 1 in 4 homless people are younger than 25 4. Homeless people are uneducated - 83% of homeless have a high school education - 40% of homeless have a degree or training from a trade school - 1 in 10 Cal Tech students are homeless 5. Homeless are dirty - 62% of homeless people have access to a shower through public eorts or gym memberships
WHERE ARE THE BOUNDARIE
S OF THE HOMELESS “HOME”?
THE HOMELESS “HOME”
M
PUBLIC PROGRAMS POSSIBLE UTILIZED PUBLIC PROGRAMS OF ONE INDIVIDUAL
MISSION
MISSION
TENT: BEDROOM
MISSION
LOCATION OF BELONGINGS
PUBLIC BATHROOM
BATHROOM: SHOWER AND TOLIET SIDEWALK: HALLWAY
MISSION
MISSION
MISSION
SOCIAL SERVICES
CLOSET: CLOTHING
SOCIAL SERVICES SALVATION ARMY
SHELTER
OFFICE: JOB SEARCH
SIDEWALK: HALLWAY SOUP KITCHEN
KITCHEN / DINING FOOD PREPARATION FOOD CONSUMPTION
P
HOMELESS PRESENCE: PUBLIC SPACE BECOMES PRIVATE SPACE
RIVATE SPACE
PRIVATIZED PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC SPACE
PURPOSE OF A SIDEWALK
“Movement. Sidewalks are spaces for travel, so they must be designed and maintained to accommodate this activity well.” Encounter. As spaces of encounter, sidewalks function best when a diverse range of people use them. On sidewalks, people can greet acquaintances, observe neighbors they have never met, and cross paths with strangers” “Confrontation. Some interactions and events are disruptive and intentionally confrontational. Nevertheless, we believe they should be accommodated on democratic sidewalks.” Survival. Some groups, such as the homeless, street vendors or youth lingering at sidewalk corners, may not intend to be disruptive yet still cause other people discomfort.” “Beauty. Street trees are a way to beautify sidewalks and make them comfortable for walking or waiting for the bus. Trees and other green spaces also provide psychological benefits.”
DEFINITION OF SIDEWALK a paved path for pedestrians at the side of a street WHAT KIND OF SIDEWALK WOULD UNLEASH ITS POTENTIAL AS A PUBLIC SPACE? H O W W O U L D I T O P E R A T E A N D W H A T M I G H T I T L O O K L I K E?
CURRENT ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMS a space for congregation
temporary markets
extention of a cafe or resturant
street performance
bicycle parking
physical connector of multiple buildings
location of homeless tents
locations of rest for city dwellers
WHAT OPPURTUNITIES DOES THE SIDEWALK HAVE IN A CITY WHERE CAR CULTURE DOMINATES? IS THIS PUBLIC SPACE CURRENTLY RELEVANT?
“More significantly, because of the way that this network of concrete spreads its tentacles to reach people in many parts of the city, drawing them into intimate configurations, sidewalks have the potentional to be a remarkable democratizing space.” - Annette Miae Kim, Sidewalk City
“The sidewalk must have users on it fairly continuously, both to add to the number of effective eyes on the street and to induce the people in buildings along the street to watch the sidewalks in sufficient numbers. Nobody enjoys sitting on a stoop or looking out a window at an empty street. Almost nobody does such a thing. Large numbers of people entertain themselves, off and on, by watching street activity.” -Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities
HOW CAN WE RECONNECT SEVERED NEIGHBORHOODS USING UNDER UTILIZED SPACES IN THE CITY FROM A RESULT OF URBAN SPRAWL (I.E. THE SIDEWALK, OPEN LOTS, ETC.) WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY PROVIDING A SPACE AND SERVICES FOR TRANSIENT POPULATIONS?
PROGRAMS INCREASED NEIGHBORLY INTERACTION A SPACE IN WHICH PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY, OTHERWISE STRANGERS BEGIN TO INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER TECHNOSCAPE BRINGING NEW TYPES OF CULTURAL INTERACTIONS AND EXCHANGES THROUGH TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE MOVEMENT ACCELERATION A SPACE WHERE ONE CAN MOVE FROM POINT A TO B EFFICIENTLY WITHOUT THE CAR SIMULTANEOUS CULTURAL EXPRESSION A SPACE WHERE MANY CULTURES CAN EXPRESS THEMSELVES IN CLOSE PROXIMITY HUMANIZATION / DIGNIFICATION A SPACE THAT GIVES HOMELESS POPULATIONS A DIGNIFIED AND HUMANE SPACE IN SOCIETY TRANSIENT NEIGHBOR A SPACE THAT ALLOWS TRANSIET POPULATIONS TO EFFECT AND BE EFFECTED BY URBAN CONTEXT AND CULTURE
INCREASED NEIGHBORLY INTERACTION COMMUNITY CENTER COMMUNITY BOARD MEETING SPACE COMMUNAL EATING SPACE GREEN SPACE TECHNOSCAPE UTILIZING TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY OF BROADCASTING ONES CULTURE USING TECHNOLOGY TO BREAK DOWN THE PHYSICAL SEPERATION OF DIFFERENT ETHNICITIES AND CULTURES. ALTERNATIVE MOVEMENT ACCELERATION MOVING PEDESTRIAN SPACE BIKE LANES SUBWAY
SIMULTANEOUS CULTURAL EXPRESSION FOOD STANDS MURAL SPACE U.N. SPACE ADAPTABLE EXHIBITION SPACES FOR EACH COUNTRY DURING THE OLYMPICS (SIMILAR TO BIENNALE)
HUMANIZATION / DIGNIFICATION REHABILITATION CENTER MENTAL HEALTH INSTITUTIONS “DOPING STATIONS” TRANSIENT NEIGHBOR HOUSING FOR TRANSIENT POPULATIONS
WHAT KIND OF ORGANIZING STRATEGIES COULD BE USED?
PRECEDENT // COMBINATORY URBANISM THE COMP LEX BEHAVIOR OF COLLECTIVE FORM
TOWER //
TERRORISM HAS JUST INAUGURATED ANTICITIES STRATEGY. THIS MEANS THAT ALL TOWERS TODAY ARE THREATENED. INSTEAD OF BEING A PLACE OF DOMINION, AS DUNGEONS OF THE PAST, THE TOWER HAS BECOME A PLACE OF WEAKNESS - P A U L V I R I L I O
COMBINATORY URBANISM AS A NEW GENERATING PARADIGM
LANDFORMS, WATERFORMS, BUILTFORMS, PROGRAM AND INFRASTRUCTURE COLLUDE TO PRODUCE HYBRID FORMS THAT ARE NO LONGER OPPOSITIONAL OR AUTONOMOUS; EVERYTHING IS NOW SOME SORT OF TYPOLOGICAL MUTT.
WHILE STRUCTURE IS INHERENTLY DICTATED BY THE NEEDS OF SPACE AS IT UNFOLDS OVER TIME, IT IS MORE COMFORTABLE ACKNOWLEDGING - IN BOTH ORGANIZATIONAL AND FORMAL TERMS - THAT THINGS WILL CHANGE, MORPH, GROW AND EVOLVE WITH PASSING TIME. COMBINATORIAL FORMS DEMONSTRATES A GEOMETRIC IMPURITY, NOTABLY ASYMMETRICAL, AS A FORMAL RESPONSE TO THE IRRESOLUTION AND UNPREDICTABILITY OF THE MULTUIPLE SYSTEMS SIMULTANEOUSLY... EMBED INTO EACH OTHER.
A TAXONOMY OF MORPHOLOGIES
BARS
FORM: LARGE HORIZONTAL VOLUME SIGNIFIES: COMPLEX ADJACENCIES PROGRAM: OFFICE - EDUCATIONAL
FLOATERS
FORM: STRUCTURES ON WATER SIGNIFIES: LEISURE PROGRAM: BEACH - BOATHOUSE - SHOPS - CAFES
PASS AGES
FORM: SOLID OR VOID DIRECTIONAL VOLUMETRIC LINES SIGNIFIES: LINKAGES - CONNECTIONS PROGRAM: BRIDGES - VIEWSCAPES
RE ESTABLISHING URBAN LINKS
Finding new ways for pedestrian circulation, creating different levels of interaction.
URBAN CANYON
Rather than sink instrastructure beneath layers of asphalt, the lines of connection are revelaed through an urban canyon.
ADAPTIVE TISSUES FOR LA
CONVENIENCE AND MOBILITY ...To increase mobility and access to many possible future zones and areas, strategically organized surfaces should be embedded into the existing urban fabric for the “transformation of a ground plane into a living, connective tissue between disparate fragments and unforeseen programs.�
INSERTED PRIVATE PARKING
SIDEWALK PARKING
LOTS “AVAILABLE”
VENICE BEACH / EMPTY LOT
EMBEDDED LANDSCAPE ADAPTATION This responsive and adaptive surface can adapt to changes of the future and connects significant points of the city, while acting as an “instrument of mobility, convenience and social equality.” It is a “connective tissue that organizes not only objects and spaces but also dynamic processes and events that move through them.”
ADDITIONAL LANDSCAPE TO EXISTING TOPOGRAPHY CARVING LANDSCAPE
HIGHWAY
EMBEDDING THE HIGHWAY
VENICE BOULEVARD
PARKING LOT
VISTA HERMOSA PARK
ECHO LAKE / PARK
HIGHWAY JUNCTIONS
HOLLENBECK PARK + JUNCTION
RAILROAD AREA
STAPLES CENTER
SAINT JAMES PARK
1 / TRANSFORMIN
N G “N O N P L A C E S”
MTA + LA RIVER
JUNCTION
HOMELESS INDIVIDUALS
FINANCIAL DISTRICT
CHINATOWN
MTA + LA RIVER
INTERSTATE 110 AND 10 JUNCTION
PROBLEMATIC DISCONNECTIONS
L
A
R
I
V
E
R
MTA RAILROAD NE
EAR ARTS DISTRICT
JUNCTION
PROGRAM: NOT CORPORATE BUSINESS HIGH RISE BUILDINGS > PARKING
SITE TWO I-10 & I-110 JUNCTION
ADAPTING TISSUES FOR MOBILE TRANSIENT POPULATIONS INTERSTATE 110 INSTERSTATE 10 JUNCTION