Conclusion

Singapore’s water shortage is well-managed under well-thought-out

overall governance with the strategies of national four taps. However, the non-domestic sectors occupy 55% of all water demand, and imported water from Johor, Malaysia is the dominant supply source. In order to achieve water-sufficiency, the Singapore government is collaborating with different private sectors to expand water demand. For example, PUB is endeavoring to discover appropriate aquifers to make it as the fifth tap. Also, multifaceted aspects are developing like incentives to encourage innovative methods.

During the development phase, the problem of water shortage is still facing distinctive uncertainties. Among them, drought in Johor and technological advancement are two major uncertainty influential elements. The generated scenarios with different conditions of two elements are evaluated and this report offers some policy recommendations for the future which can facilitate fulfilling the aim of water-dependency and water-sustainability.

First two strategies are feasible in Singapore as this nation has robust and solid foundations. In terms of green rooftop catchment, this is a dually-influential plan which is beneficial to alleviating climate change and enhancing diversification of water sources. Indeed, the incremental green space can promote aesthetics of the city. Secondly, Singapore can utilize the potential function of stormwater to irrigate the urban natural environment, and to apply drop irrigation technology to cultivate crops. Finally, improving capability and productivity of existing technologies to enhance water demand to cater to projected future increasing population and human activities.