Introduction

1.0 Introduction

Singapore is facing water scarcity which is triggered by limited land

to store water and the absence of aquifers (Tortajada, 2006). In order to equilibrate the discrepancy between water demand and supply, Singapore has to import the entitlement of water from Johor, Malaysia as one of the major water sources to guarantee adequate water provision (Tortajada & Buurman, 2017). The ever-increasing urbanization and climatic uncertainty also deteriorate the sustainability of the water supply for sequent projected population growth and human activities. Besides, these urban issues do not merely exist in Singapore, but also in Johor. The dual influence induces nationwide attention to achieve water sensitivity and self-sufficiency in Singapore. Nowadays, Singapore has a robust water supply system which is recognized as Four National Taps includes imported water, NEWater which is recycled water, desalinated water, and collected water from the local catchments. Although this project can sustain the current water demand of Singapore, far-reaching planning is still required for uncertainties.

This report will research and discuss the main implications of Singapore’s water shortage and identify influential driving factors. Additionally, to justify one formed scenario after exploring strategical implications and evaluations. Consequently, some corresponsive policy recommendations will be proposed to facilitate fulfilling the desired outcomes by 2061, which is the expired year of Singapore’s and Malaysia’s Water Agreement (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2021).