Service report by zijianmesasuredrawing

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

CONTENT 1) INTRODUCTION 1.1 ABSTRACT 1.2 1ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1.3 NAME OF BUILDING 1.4 LOCATION OF BUILDING 1.5 DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING 2) MECHANICAL VENTILATION 2.1 LITERATUR REVIEW 2.2 INTRODUCTION 2.3 FINDING ANALYSIS 2.3.1 Cooling Tower 2.3.2 Chilled Water Pump & Condensed water pump 2.3.3 Water Tank 2.3.4 Chiller 2.3.5 Major Components in Chiller 2.3.6 Ventilation application 3) AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM 3.1 LITERATUR REVIEW 3.2 INTRODUCTION 3.3 FINDING ANALYSIS 3.3.1 Central Air Conditioning Split System 3.3.2 Chilled Water and Cooling Tower AC Units

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 4) FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM (ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM) 4.1 LITERATUR REVIEW 4.2 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 4.2.1 Fire resistance staircase 4.2.2 Fire resistance door 4.2.3 Colour coding 4.3 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 4.3.1 Smoke Control System 4.3.1.1 Smoke Detector 4.3.1.2 Smoke Curtain 4.3.2 Fire Alarm 4.3.3 Horn Loud Speaker 4.3.4 Fire Control Room 4.3.4.1 Control Panel 4.3.4.2 Fireman Intercom System 4.3.5 Fireman Switch 4.3.6 Fire Break Glass Call Point 4.3.7 Emergency Light 4.3.8 Water Based Firefighting System 4.3.8.1 Water Sprinkler System 4.3.8.2 Hose Reel System 4.3.8.3 Fire Fighting Water Pump 4.3.9 Non Water Based Firefighting System 4.3.9.1 Gas Suspension System 4.3.9.2 Portable Fire Extinguisher

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 5) MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 5.1 LITERATUR REVIEW 5.2 INTRODUCTION 5.2.1 Elevator Diagram 5.2.1.1 Drive Gear 5.2.1.2 Control Unit 5.2.1.3 Elevator Circuit Breaker 5.2.1.4 Fire Safety in Control Room 5.2.1.5 Elevator Car 5.2.1.6 Elevator Car Interior 5.2.1.7 Elevator Car Types & Dimension 5.2.1.8 Counterweight 5.2.1.9 Safety Features for Elevator Car 5.2.1.10 Elevator Control Panel 5.2.2 Travelator Diagram 5.2.2.1 Travelator Arrangement 5.2.2.2 Travelator Truss 5.2.2.3 Gear Box 5.2.2.4 Handrail and Pallets 5.2.2.5 Indicator 5.2.2.5 Human Sensor 5.2.2.6 Power Control 6) CONCLUSION 7) REFERENCES

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 ABSTRACT

Figure1.1.1 Mydin Gong Badak hypermarket exterior view (Norman Disney &Young Company, 2015)

The purpose of this case study and research report is to provide a better understanding on basic principle, process and equipment of various building services system at Mydin Gong Badak, a hypermarket located at Kuala Terengganu. In a group of 6, we undergoing site visit and building services analysis on the information and knowledge we obtain based on 4 services system which are Mechanical Ventilation, Air-conditioning System, Fire Protection System (active and passive fire protection system), Mechanical Transportation System. Through the literature review and online research we are able to understand each component and its function in a building operation. All the systems by understanding will generate into this report and two A2 summary boards in reference of Uniform Building By-Laws as well as other rules and regulations.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 1.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thanks to each individual has helped and cooperate our team to complete this case study and documentation report. With full support by colleagues, friends and professionals who shared their ideas, knowledge and guidance, we are able to complete this informative report on time. We would like to take this opportunity to thank all the lectures for their guidance in teaching and especially for our tutor, Mr. Rizal, who guiding us through each tutorial for this module. We would also like to thanks to the Engineering Consultant Company, Norman Disney & Young Sdn. Bhd. for Mr. Michael Lew and Mr Rueben Mohan for explaning the systems of each service to us. We are also grateful that Mr Low and his team for bring us for a tour around the building and explaning in details for how system works. Without their helping, we would not have been able to complete this report on time with such useful information on hand. At last, thanks to Taylorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s University for providing such good environment for us to complete our module.

Figure1.2.1 Group Photo at Norman Disney & Young Sdn. Bhd, Damansara

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 1.3 NAME OF BUILDING MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure1.3.1 Mydin Gong Badak (http://teganukita.my/2014)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 1.4 LOCATION OF BUILDING Kampung Banggul Tiang Kulat, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Figure1.4.1 Mydin Gong Badak, Kuala Terengganu

1.5 DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING       

2 storey Hypermarket in Terengganu Ground Floor: Covered Car Park & Mall Ground Mezzanine: Car Park 1st Floor: Mall & Hyper 1st Mezzanine & Roof: M&E Spaces Total Floor Area: Approx. 25,000 square meters Year of Establishment : 2014

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

2. MECHANICAL VENTILATION 2.1 LITERATUR REVIEW The purpose of ventilation is to provide fresh air to comfort and to enhance the indoor air quality various contaminants. Historically people have ventilated buildings to provide source control for both combustion products and objectionable odours (Sherman, 2004). At the moment, these are several types of ventilation technologies are offered to provide ventilation in dwellings including mechanical ventilation systems and sustainable technologies. Mechanical ventilation describes the process of changing air in an enclosed space, where indoor air is withdrawn and replaced by fresh air continuously that is supplied by clean external sources using mechanical devices such as fans. The main function of mechanical ventilation is to expel stale air containing water vapour, carbon dioxide, airborne chemical and other pollutants while drawing in outside air, presumably with lesser pollutants and water vapour, and circulates the air around and throughout the house. It is important to maintain proper mechanical ventilation as:

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

It preserves oxygen (O2) content while removing carbon dioxide (CO2) It prevents heat concentrations from machinery, lighting and people It reduces excess condensation Growth of bacteria is controlled and prevented Contaminants such as smoke, dust, gases and body odour is diluted and removed Consistent freshness is provided It is good alternative in case of unreliable natural ventilation systems

Two elements in basic ventilation system: Fan - Pull stale and dirty air out - Usually used in highly moisture spaces such as kitchen and bathrooms Makeup Air Supply - Directs outside air into interior spaces Components involved in mechanical ventilation system:

Fan

Filter

Fire Damper

Ductwork

Grille & diffuser

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK There are two main systems which air available and designed for specific climate in different country:



Spot ventilation a. Supply system - fresh air is supplied by a central supply fan and stale air goes outside naturally. The negative pressure inside the building, causing air to move in naturally, though stale air is channelled out using exhaust fans. Function in: basements, indoor toilets, bathrooms and etc. Figure 2.1.1 supply ventilation (Energy gov, 2015)

b. Extract system

c. Balance/Combination system - consist of both supply and extract system, therefore the building’s goes through slight air pressurization by using an extract fan smaller than an inlet fan. Fresh air is supplied and stale air is picked up from multiple points. Function in: cinemas, theatres, sports centres and so on. Figure 2.1.2 balanced ventilation (David darling info, 2015)

 -

Heat Recovery and Energy-Recovery Ventilation System (ERV) It includes a controlled heat exchanger, with one or more fans punishing air through the machine. However, it is less cost-effective and not commonly used in Malaysia as it is mainly made for countries with extreme summer and winter climates.

Figure 2.1.3 Energy-recovery ventilation system (Airconditioningarizonacom, 2015)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 2.2 INTRODUCTION This research paper discuss about the Thermal Control of our chosen case study building, which is Mydin Gong Badak in Kuala Terengganu. Through this research, we can understand the mechanical ventilation system of the particular building as well as how it works as a unit. With this system, thermal comfort can be achieved in a building easily. This system aids in withdrawing dirty and stale air inside the building and bringing natural air outside into the building. It also helps and enhances the air circulation within the building. It also control the temperature, humidity and the air purity in the building. Mydin Gong Badak requires the aid of ventilation to encourage the air flow to achieve thermal comfort as it is an enclosed multistorey shopping centre. As for mechanical ventilation, the building focused on inserting basement room, kitchen as well as toilet. The main purpose of mechanical ventilation is to cool individual room, fireproof and filter small substances. Besides, it is to preserve oxygen content by keeping it at 21% of the overall air volume and to expel carbon dioxide. In accordance with rules and standards are also being investigate. Rules and standards have been set by multiple bodies to maintain the air quality is provided via the mechanical ventilation system. The standards used to examine here is UBBL.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 2.3 FINDING ANALYSIS Mydin Gong Badak is a multi-storey shopping centre that in needs of high cooling. The air-conditioning system being used in this building is the centralized/plant air conditioning system. In this huge building there are 4 units of cooling tower for the entire shopping mall and each of them contained 700rt, refrigerant tonnage in rounding style. The cooling towers act as a cooler for the condensed water came from the chillers in the building. Each unit of chillers consisted 500rt.

Cooling Tower Cool down water pumped up by the condenser. Water is cooled down and recirculate, heat is released to surrounding.

Chiller Transfer heat from AHU to Condenser. Chilled water pumped to AHU.

03 04 05 06

Air Handling System Heating, Cooling, Humidifying, Dehumidifying, Distributing Air

Air Duct Distribute air from AHU to the rooms that need to be air- conditioned.

Diffuser Opening that supply the fresh air from AHU.

Return Airduct Duct that return polluted or warmed air back to AHU room for cooling down and filtering.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 2.3.1 Cooling Tower The function of cooling tower is to act as a specialized heat exchanger in which the air and water are brought into direct contact with each other in order to decrease the temperature of the water. During this process, a little amount of water will be evaporated, thus reducing the temperature of the water being circulated through the tower.

Figure 2.3.1.1 Informative Diagram of cooling tower (Indiabizclubcom, 2015)

Figure 2.3.1.2 Schematic Diagram of cooling tower (Koianswerscom, 2015)

In chiller, the hot vapours from the evaporator enter the condenser and are cooled down by the water from cooling tower that circulates through the condenser. The heated water from the condenser in the chiller is directed to the cooling tower through pipes. The water will then sprays through the nozzles onto banks of material, which is known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;fillâ&#x20AC;?. This process slows down the flow of the water going through the cooling tower, hence exposing maximum surface area of the water for the air-water contact. As the water gradually flowing through the cooling tower, it exposed to the air, which is produced through the tower by the electric motor-driven fan. As the water and air meet, a small amount of water is evaporated, thus creating a cooling action. The cooled water is then sent back and recirculated to the chiller through condensed water pump (CWP), where it absorbs heat. As a result, the process repeats which plays an essential role in the operation system of the centralized air-conditioning system. Moreover, cooling tower is usually placed at roof top where there are good wind circulation which allows the cooling tower to fully utilize natural convection.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Fan Stack Louvers â&#x20AC;&#x201C; allow natural conversion to occur CDWS-Condensed water which are ready to recirculate CDWR â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Condensed water return from the chilled water loop Figure 2.3.1.3 Cooling Tower at the rooftop of Mydin Gong Badak (On-site photo)

Flow meter that control the flow of water from the chiller to the cooling tower. It provides an electrical dry contact our proportional control when used with the optioned controller or pump depends on the water flow.

Figure 2.3.1.4 Flow meter of Cooling Tower (on-site photo)

Figure 2.3.1.5 Detail drawing of Flow meter (Catalogeasycomcn, 2015)

Figure 2.3.1.6 Detail drawing of Flow meter (Catalogeasycomcn, 2015)

Figure 2.3.1.7 cross-section of 2 different design of flow meter (Catalogeasycomcn, 2015)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 2.3.2 Chilled Water Pump & Condensed water pump There are two types of pumps in the chilled water system, which are Chilled Water Pump (CHWP) and Condensed Water Pump (CWP). The condenser pump directs the cold condensed water back to the condenser in the chiller. On the other hand, the chilled water pump channels the chill water to every single unit of AHU room, besides channelling the warm water back to the chiller in order to cool it. CWP, single well pump tanks are reservoirs for chilled water and tower cooling water processes. Process pumps deliver water through the chiller of cooling tower as well as through the process. Dual well tanks have recirculation pump to deliver water from the hot side to the chiller or tower. The water then returns to the cold side, where process pump deliver cooled water directly to process. (ASHARE, 2008) Standby pumps may be used as backups for both process and re-circulation during service or maintenance procedure. Manifold options provide ease of connection to the process and can ease the transition to standby pumps. (AHARE, 2008)

Figure 2.3.1.8 schematic diagram of process between cooling tower and CWP (Talkintrashwithuhncom, 2013)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 2.3.1.9 Condensed Water Pump at the rooftop of Mydin Gong Badak (On-site photo)

Figure 2.3.1.10 Condensed Water Pump at the rooftop of Mydin Gong Badak (On-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 2.3.3 Water Tank There is an expansion water tank connected to cooling tower. This is because there is possibility of water loss when the water is releasing heat through evaporation, thus there is the presence of water tank, to make up the empty space in the cooling tower due to the water loss. Cooling Tower Water Tank

Figure 2.3.1.11 Water Tank located beside the Cooling Tower at the rooftop of Mydin Gong Badak (On-site photo)

Figure 2.3.1.11 Water Tank located at the rooftop of Mydin Gong Badak (On-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 2.3.4 Chiller A chiller is a refrigerant system that cools down a process fluid typically water, which in turn is used in commercial and industrial facilities for air-conditioning. The water in the chiller can be chilled to temperature as low as 5째C and pumped through a hydraulic circuit to reach the process equipment or the AHU. In order to achieve lower temperature, glycol or brine solution is applied into process. There are four types of chillers which are reciprocating, centrifugal, screw driven as well as absorption chiller. In Mydin Gong Badak shopping mall, it applied the chilled water system with air cooled condenser to cool the refrigerant. The refrigerant mainly passes through four major components in the chiller, which are evaporator, the compressor, the condenser and a flow-metering device such as an expansion value. During the process, which is the heat absorption cycle, it uses water as the refrigerant and lithium bromide as the absorbent. The water is cooled down by the refrigerant when it passes through the evaporator, the refrigerant evaporates in order to cool down the water, which it subsequently directed through a compressor and condenser, omitting the heat to the ambient air. After the process of releasing the heat, the chilled water will be pumped to very low temperature of around 6째C to 8째C. After that, the chilled water will be pumped to different level for two different systems, which are air-handling system (AHU) and fan-coil unit (FCU). Both systems consists of cooling coil which assist the chilled water that flow through it by absorbing heat from the blower of AHU and FCU. Then, chilled water will be directed back to chiller by chilled water pump (CHWP) and will be ready to recirculate through the system.

Figure 2.3.1.12 Schematic Diagram of internal process of chillers (Lytroncom, 2015)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 2.3.1.13 Detailed information about a typical chiller (The chiller, compressor, condenser and cooler are combined in one unit) (Lytroncom, 2015)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 2.3.1.14 Piping connected to other components (On-site photo)

Figure 2.3.1.15 Chiller in Mydin Gong Badak (On-site photo)

Figure 2.3.1.15 Well Chiller control systems has been applied (On-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 2.3.5 Major Components in Chiller

Figure 2.3.1.16 Application diagram of chiller (Advantageengineeringcom, 2015)

COMPRESSOR

INLET GUIDE VALVE

CONDENSER

CONTROL SYSTEM ADJUSTABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE

Figure 2.3.1.17 Refrigerant detail (Clubchillercontrol, 2015)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Refrigerant The type of refrigerant used in this chiller is known as R-22 or HFC-22, which is also known as Chlorodifluoromethance. These type of refrigerant is more preferable because it has less impact on the environment as compared to CFC and R-11 refrigerants. This type of refrigerant, which is R-22 is commonly used in refrigerant systems in residential or commercial buildings.

Evaporator Chilled water are produces evaporator where the cold refrigerant are directed to the evaporator tube bundle. The refrigerant is then allowed to evaporate as the heat is transferred from the water towards the refrigerant. The chilled water is pumped through the chilled water distribution system to the AHU units location within the shopping mall.

Figure 2.3.1.18 Evaporator coil (Shribalajiindustriesnet, 2015)

Compressor

Figure 2.3.1.19 Detail Informative Diagram of Compressor (Imgarcadecom, 2015)

The vaporized refrigerant is directed to the compressor, where it is mechanically compressed and transformed into a high pressure as well as high temperature vapour after leaving the evaporator. These refrigerant is then enters condenser side of the chiller.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Condenser

Hot refrigerant is directed around the tubes consisting the condenser-loop water via mist eliminators in the water-cooled condenser. The heat is allowed to transfer to the water, leading the refrigerant to condense into liquid form, The condensed-water is then directed from the condenser bundle to the cooling tower where the heat is directed from the water to the ambient air. The liquid-formed refrigerant is then migrated to the expansion valve. Figure 2.3.1.20 Condenser (Airzoneflcom, 2015)

Figure 2.3.1.21 Detail Informative Diagram of Condenser (Unsacid, 2015)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Expansion Valve

Figure 2.3.1.22 Expansion Valve (Swtcedu, 2015)

Figure 2.3.1.23 Internal diagram of Expansion Valve (Peachpartscom, 2015)

The refrigerant directs into the evaporator via the expansion valve. This valve dictates the rate of cooling. As the refrigerant passed through the valve, the refrigerant expands to a lesser pressure and a much lesser temperature, It migrates around the evaporator tubes, constantly absorbing the heat from the chilled water, which are directed from the air handlers, thus concluding the refrigerant cycle.

Control System Chiller nowadays are usually equipped with a sophisticated, on-board microprocessors, which is known as the chiller control system. It includes both safety and operating controls. In case any equipment is not functioning, the safety control will shuts down the chiller to avoid any potential damage to the machine itself. Besides, the operating controls allow the adjustments to be made to some chiller operating parameters. In order to achieve better performance, the chiller control system is usually in contact with the facilityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s direct digital control. (DDC)

Figure 2.3.1.24 Schematic Diagram of refrigerant cycle in the chiller involving its main components (Albimagebicom, 2015)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 2.3.6 Ventilation application

Figure 2.3.1.25 Diagram showing smoke flow and air flow (BRE-186 Fig. 3)

Fire damper (smoke extract system)

)

In occurrence of fire, to avoid the fire from spreading from one space to another, the air conditioning system shuts down to prevent spread of smoke and smoke curtains descend to above height in the building. Motorized Dampers inside the ductwork convert the air conditioning system into a smoke extraction system. At the main performing stage, automatic fire exhaust vents are installed that will detect and open to release heat, smoke and gas in case of fire emergency. Exhaust fans connecting to smoke exhaust ductwork are used to remove smoke from buildings to enable emergency evacuation. Dampers are necessary to control the ratio of fresh air and recycled air while exhausting part of the recycled air. When the air sensor detects more than 500pm carbon dioxide in the return air from the room, the system will activate automatically and the damper will open and intake fresh air from the outside to refresh the air inside the building.

Figure 1.3.1.25 Diagram showing smoke flow and air flow In Mydin Gong Badak (BRE-186 Fig. 4)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 2.3.1.25 Diagram showing the smoke curtain connected to fire dampers in Mydin Gong Badak(Norman Disney Young Company, 2015)

Figure 2.3.1.26 Experiment of fire dampers’ function In Mydin Gong Badak (Norman Disney Young Company, 2015)

Figure 2.3.1.27 Experiment of fire dampers’ function In Mydin Gong Badak (Norman Disney Young Company, 2015)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 2.3.1.28 Experiment of fire dampersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; function In Mydin Gong Badak (Norman Disney Young Company, 2015)

Figure 2.3.1.29 Axial fan in the basement of Mydin Gong Badak (On-site photo)

Axial Fan

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK In the basement of Mydin Gong Badak, axial fans which consist of an impeller with blades of aerofoil section rotating inside a cylindrical casing are applied. Axial-flow fan is used to remove heated air away from the components and to draw cooler air over them, thereby saving the components from any damage.

Figure 2.3.1.31 Structure and Air Flow Mechanism of Axial Flow Fans (Orientalmotorcom, 2015)

Figure 2.3.1.30 Axial fan route in the basement of Figure 2.3.1.32 Free air is drawn into the tube by the Mydin Gong Badak fan (Norman Disney Young (Arx-groupcom, 2015) Company, 2015)

Axial fans bow air across their axis in a linear direction. The blades of these fans force air to move parallel to the shaft about which the blades rotate.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 2.3.1.33 Types of axial fans (Hvaceducationaustraliacom, 2015)

Although forward curved blades are more self-cleaning, backward curved blades are being used because of the efficiency purpose.

Diffuser

Figure 2.3.1.34 Diffuser in Mydin Gong Badak (On-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Diffusers are located at the edge of the ductwork where the supply air is released into the room. They do not require any generation of power and create low-velocity air movement in occupied rooms in any desired directions while producing the minimum amount of noise. Most of the diffusers in the building are rectangular and circular air diffuser and are either in the open or concealed in ceilings. However in the main performing stage, supply air grilles were installed behind the seats to evenly distribute air inside the large area. Return air grille or functions, to carry air back to designated AHU rooms. It is covered with grillwork to cover the duct behind it and avoid big objects from entering the duct and damaging the AHU. Filters are installed behind the grille to trap pollutant or dust to reduce maintenance cost. In Gong Badak, the air grilles are mounted on top parts of walls. In addition, they also function like a pump; in the building, it is installed in warm spaces containing equipment that generates heat such as the fire pump room and the lift control room. These air grilles or fan are placed under timer to suck out warm air every couple of hours to prevent overheating. According to MS 1525 code 8.4.5, Mechanical ventilation control â&#x20AC;&#x153;Each mechanical ventilation system (supply and/ or exhaust) should be equipped with a readily accessible switch or the other means for shut-down or volume reduction when ventilation is not required. Examples of such devices would include timer switch control, thermostat control, duty cycle programming and CO/ CO2 sensor control.â&#x20AC;?

Extract system

Figure 2.3.1.35 Extractor in the toilet of Mydin Gong Badak (On-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 2.3.1.36 typical extract system ductwork (Rethinkelectricalcomau, 2015)

Figure 2.3.1.37 extractor connect to an exhaust fan (On-site photo)

It gives a natural inlet and mechanical extract. The fan creates negative pressure on its inlet side, and this cause air inside the room to move towards the fan and the air is displaced by fresh air from outside the room

Centrifugal fan

Figure 2.3.1.38 centrifugal fan (www.powrmatic.co.uk/2015)

A direct-driven or belt-driven centrifugal fan, depending on the required air quantity and pressure, is commonly used in an AHU as it can move a small or large quantity of air efficiently. Its main function is propel air for distribution.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK There are two fans present in an AHU; fan that blows air through the cooling coil and supply that blows air into the supply duct. Centrifugal Fan can efficiently move large or small quantities of air over a wide range of pressure .It consists of impeller which revolve inside a casing shaped like a scroll. The direction of air moving through the inlet is 90째.

Figure 2.3.1.39 centrifugal fan (www.ahe.co.uk/2013)

3 AIR- CONDITIONING SYSTEM 3.1 LITERATUR REVIEW As to control of temperature, humidity, air cleanliness, air movement and heat radiation with mechanical means in order to achieve human thermal comfort. Air Conditioning System works with removing heat from the air inside the room and releasing this collected heat into the air outdoors. Initially, two cycles involved which are refrigerant cycle and air cycle. 1) Refrigerant cycle It is a process to remove heat from one place to another heat inside a room is transferred through the evaporator while it removed to outside air through a condenser.

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Figure 3.1.1 Refrigerant cycle (www.swtc.edu /2002-2006)

Component involved in a closed circuit:  compression  condensation  expansion  evaporation 2) Air cycle It is a process to distribute treated air into the room that needs to be conditioned. Heat inside the room is removed when the return air is absorbed by the evaporator while the medium to absorb the heat can be either air or water. Air distribution can be either through ducts or chilled water pipes. Heat inside the room is removed and slowly the internal air becomes cooler than before.

Figure 3.1.2 Air cycle (issuu.com /2015)

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Component involved in a closed circuit:  Air Handling Unit  Air Filter  Blower Fan  Ductwork and Diffusers  Clean Air Intake  Humidifier/ Dehumidfier Type of air conditioning:

Window air- conditioning system

Split air- conditioning system

Centralised - airconditioning system

Package air- conditioning system

3.2 INTRODUCTION This research paper discusses the air conditioning system adopted by the chosen building, which is Mydin Gong Badak in Kuala Terengganu. Through this research, we can understand the air conditioning process in the particular building as well as how it works throughout the building to acquire an in depth knowledge on how thermal comfort and improved indoor air quality can be achieved. Air conditioning helps to create a comfortable indoor environment, by allowing air to be circulated throughout the building and expelling stale air, purifying it. It helps for better ventilation inside the building by controlling the temperature of each area to a more suitable degree and dehumidifying the air conditioned areas. Mydin Hypermarket Gong Badak requires the aid of mechanical cooling to distribute fresh cool air indoors as it is a multi-storey complex. In sequence, the topics that will be covered in this research paper include:

 Central Air Conditioner Split System  Components of Air Conditioning 36

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK ď&#x192;&#x2DC; Chilled Water and Cooling Tower System Rules and standards are being compared with research paper, in order to investigate whether the building complies to the standards in ensuring the quality of indoor air provided through the air conditioning system. The standards that have been used to compare is the UBBL (Uniform Building by Law).

3.3 FINDING ANALYSIS 3.3.1 Central Air Conditioning Split System Mydin Hypermarket is a multi-storey complex that requires high cooling. The air conditioning system that has been adopted by the building is ducted central air conditioning split system. The split system describes air conditioners that have been split into 2 components, an outdoor unit, and an indoor unit, in order to separate the hot and cold components of the system, which are connected by the refrigerant tubing. The outdoor unit comprises of the air handler and evaporator. (Diagram 5.3.1) The split system of Mydin Gong Badak operates on the same principles and have similar benefits of the split systems found in residential circumstances, except it is greater in quantity and size to accommodate the large building. Each floor is equipped with multiple air handlers, connected to the rooms by a network of ducting that is hidden inside the ceiling. The benefit of using ducted split system is that the outdoor and indoor units are either in an isolated part of the floor or located on the rooftop of the building, making it one of the quieter air conditioning systems. The system also allows for even air distribution, eliminating the possibility of having colder or warmer spots in the air conditioned

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK area.

Figure 3.3.1.1 A typical split air system and the typical process of cooling from the outside unit to the indoor unit (air handler) (www.findairconditionercontractors.com /2008)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 3.3.1.2 The cool air supply is blown into the room through a linear slot air diffuser. (on-site photo)

According to Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) 1984 Any application for the waiver of the relevant by-laws shall only be considered if in addition to permanent airconditioning system there is provided alternative approved means of ventilating the air-conditioned enclosure, such that within half an hour of air conditioning. According to MS 1525:2007 (MALAYSIAN STANDARD) ACMV system equipment provides, in one (single package or more (split system) factory assembled packages, means for air-circulation, air-cleaning, air-cooling with controlled temperature and dehumidification. The cooling function may be either electrically or heat operated, and the refrigerant condenser may be air, water and evaporativecooled. Where the equipment is provided in more than one package, the separate packages should be designed by the manufacturer to be used together. UBBL Compliance According to MS 1525; 2007, Off-hour control ACMV system should be equipped with automatic controls capable of accomplishing a reduction of energy use for example through equipment shut down during periods of non-use or alternative use of the spaces served by the system. Exceptions: a) System serving areas which are expected to operate continuously; and b) Equipment with a connected load of 2kWe or less may be controlled by readily accessible manual off-hour controls

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Figure 3.3.1.3: The basic refrigeration cycle occurring inside an air conditioner (http://www.energygov.com/uk/2007)

Figure 3.3.1.4: Rows of the outdoor units located on the rooftop of the building (on-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 3.3.2

Chilled Water and Cooling Tower AC Units

In a chilled-water system, the entire air conditioner is installed on the roof or behind the building. It cools water to between 40 and 45 degrees Fahrenheit (4.4 and 7.2 degrees Celsius). The chilled water is then piped throughout the building and connected to air handlers. This can be a versatile system where the water pipes work like the evaporator coils in a standard air conditioner. If it's well-insulated, there's no practical distance limitation to the length of a chilledwater pipe. Cooling Tower Technology ď&#x201A;ˇ

In all of the air conditioning systems, air is used to dissipate heat from the compressor coils. In some large systems, a cooling tower is used instead. The tower creates a stream of cold water that runs through a heat exchanger, cooling the hot condenser coils. The tower blows air through a stream of water causing some of it to evaporate, and the evaporation cools the water stream. One of the disadvantages of this type of system is that water has to be added regularly to make up for liquid lost through evaporation. The actual amount of cooling that an air conditioning system gets from a cooling tower depends on the relative humidity of the air and the barometric pressure.

ď&#x201A;ˇ

Because of rising electrical costs and environmental concerns, some other air cooling methods are being explored, too. One is off-peak or ice-cooling technology. An off-peak cooling system uses ice frozen during the evening hours to chill interior air during the hottest part of the day. Although the system does use energy, the largest energy drain is when community demand for power is at its lowest. Energy is less expensive during offpeak hours, and the lowered consumption during peak times eases the demand on the power grid.

Figure 3.3.2.1: Chilled Water and Cooling Tower AC Unit (www.howstuffworks.com/2010) (on-site photo)

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Figure 3.3.2.2: Chilled Water and Cooling Tower AC Units Diagram (Norman Disney Young Company, 2015) )

Figure 3.3.2.3: Chilled Water and Cooling Tower AC Units Diagram (Norman Disney Young Company, 2015) )

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Outdoor Units a) Compressor Air conditioning system functions to transfer heat from a relatively low temperature heat source (indoors) to relatively high-temperature heat sink (outdoors). In air conditioning system, the heat transfer is not driven by the temperature difference between heat source and heat sink, energy must be expended through a mechanical refrigeration system to force the heat transfer. The compressor inputs energy into the system. The conversion of low pressured gas to high pressured gas occurs in the compressor. The buildup pressure can only be achieved by putting a restriction, reed valves in the expansion valve. The reed valves controls the intake and exit of refrigerant during the pumping operation.

b) Condenser Hot compressed refrigerant leaves the compressor and is condensed into liquid by the condensing coils. It is the final point in the heat exchange cycle, where the heat is transferred from the refrigerant from the refrigerant to the atmosphere. In split systems, air is cooled condensers are most common compared to water cooled, due to reasons being air is readily available. Compared to water cooled, air cooled does not require chemical treatments or special disposal considerations. It also requires less maintenance, due to having fewer components compared to watercooled, thus making it cost less as well.

Figure 3.3.2.4: The indoor unit located in an isolated area called AHU (Air Handling Unit) room and the connected ductwork. (on-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Indoor Units a) Evaporator The evaporator is the starting point of the refrigerant cycle. The expansion valve throttles the high pressured liquid refrigerant to the evaporator, causing the pressure in the evaporator to be less than the saturation pressure of the entering refrigerant and consequently boiling the liquid refrigerant. The heat needed to boil the refrigerant is gathered from the medium surrounding the evaporator, which then leaves the refrigerant by cool air stream.

b) Expansion Valve Pressure is removed from liquid refrigerant at the expansion valve, allowing the change of state from liquid to gas in the evaporator. Heat is not removed by the orifice within the valve, only the pressure is reduced, enabling the heat molecules in the liquid refrigerant to spread as it moves out of the orifice. The refrigerant is at its coldest when leaving the expansion valve due to the greatly reduced pressure and enters the evaporator.

Figure 3.3.2.5: The indoor unit located in an isolated area called AHU (Air Handling Unit) room and the connected ductwork. (www.miamiac.com/2008)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Special Considerations Energy Management System (EMS) The Energy Management System (EMS) is a subset of the building Automation system (BAS) function. It should be considered for buildings having area greater than 4000m2 of air conditioned space. Generally, a building system has three function: a) Control of equipment b) Monitoring of equipment c) Integration of equipment sub systems

Control of Equipment The purpose of the control of equipment is to save energy. This is performed by the EMS function of the building automation system.

Monitoring of Equipment The purpose of monitoring the equipment is to improve the efficiency of operations by: a) providing centralised information of current equipment conditions b) providing historical information of equipment conditions c) providing a management by exception function to alert the operator of any abnormal Equipment conditions; and d) providing analysis tools to aid the study equipment operations

Integration of equipment subsystems Equipment subsystems are integrated for the purpose of improving: a) safety/ security; for example, in the event of a fire, air handling units can be used to create a sandwich system for smoke control b)Indoor air quality; for example, by utilising the smoke purging system for periodic air purging to achieve good indoor air quality c)Information management; by allowing information from multiple equipment subsystems to be stored and reported in a consistent format d)overall system reliability; the intelligent controller of an equipment subsystem may be configured to provide redundancy as a standby unit for another system without incurring additional cost

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4 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 4.1 LITERATUR REVIEW Fire produce during the process of combustion in present of HEAT, Fuel, & OXYGEN. The fuel starts burning while the Specific Heat amount is apply in present of oxygen. During the process, heat energy will transform into light energy, which is the FIRE, we able to view. During combustion, fuel will be decomposed, and become charcoal & smoke; the active mineral that wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t born will form ash. Heat: Heat energy is the energy which able to increase the temperature of an object depending the heat capacity of an object, during 0F there are zero present of heat energy. It can transfer through conduction, convection & radiation. Fuel: Material that contain chemical energy that can be transformed into energy such as kinetics energy, heat energy etc. Oxygen: A colorless, order less reactive gas, which presented 21% of the earth atmosphere. Oxygen is used to reactive with any carbon compound to form carbon dioxide during process of combustion.

Figure 4.1.1 Fire Triangle (Occupational Health and Safety Resources, 2015)

The energies that present during combustion is the Heat energy and Light energy, heat energy is dangerous if it spread from one point to another during fire because it may cause another fire occur. Heat energy transfer through 3 ways: Conduction: Heat energy transfer by matter (solid, liquid & gas). The energy transfers from one particle to another particle; from one point to another point. Convection: Heat energy transfer by flow able particle (liquid & gas), the particle carry to heat energy from one point and bring it to another point. The heat energy always transfers from lower point to higher point in convection. Radiation: Heat energy transfer from one point to another point without any present of matter. The heat transfer through electromagnetic wave, the longer the distance, the weaker the energy, but the larger the spread.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 4.2 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM The installation of passive fire protection system is to prevent the passage of hot gasses and flame from passing between fire isolated compartments. Mechanical or electrical activation are not required in this system and passive fire protection system required no maintenance once it installed. Passive fire protection system are involved as part of the fabric building and they are in the form of resistant walls, floors and doors. In order to fulfill the building requirement, all elements in the building must follow the Uniform Building By-Law. For example, fire resistance wall can be constructed using panels of reinforced cement with steel sheets bonded to each side, or through the application of a cementitious fire spray. Elements used in Passive protection:  Fire Rated Wall and Ceilings  Fire Rated Collars and Plastic Pipes  Fire Rated Sealants  Fire Rated Vermiculite and Cement Sprays  Fire Rated Board  Fire Rated Paints  Fire Rated Pillow and Backing Rods  Fire Rated Intumescent Seals  Fire Door  Fire Damper  Fire Staircase

4.2.1

Fire resistance staircase

Type of stair The fire resistance escape staircase found in Mydin Gong Badak was reinforced concrete stairs enclosed with concrete wall. It belongs to half turn staircase with a flat area of flooring where the stairway make a 180degree turn between main floors. This aim is to provide a smooth human flows with large number of occupants to escape faster during evacuation in a short period of time. Material used Reinforced concrete was use as the construction of staircase in Mydin Gong Badak. There are some characteristics which have to be considered in constructing a fire resistance escape stairs:  Strength: Concrete is the most suitable material as it is gain strength over time to the building and stair in case of unexpected disasters occur. It not weakend by moisture, mould and pests and can withstand the huge weight concentrated on a particular small area in the building exerted by the building occupants in rushing during the evacuation in the building  Fire Resistance Being naturally fire-resistant concrete forms a highly effective barrier to fire spread. Because of low thermal conductivity, the concrete also can protect the steel against fire for long time burning.  Thermal mass Concrete walls and floors reduce the passage of heat moving through the building. It changes in temperature within the fire escape lobby averting the overheating of the enclosed area.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Location and Dimensions Location of fire escape staircase are very important in the building. It was well planned at Mydin Gong Badak which is easy to access from any location in the hypermarket. From the plan it can show that there were 8 fire escape staircase on each floor in vertical circulation for evacuation purpose.

Figure 4.2.1.1 Fire escape plan inside Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Figure 4.2.1.2 Fire escape staircase in Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo) Because of the width of staircase exceeded the overall width, a handrail had been added in the middle to fulfill the common dimension of emergency staircase.

Figure 4.2.1.3 Common dimension for emergency staircase (Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for building tenth edition)

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4.2.2

Fire resistance door

The fire resistance door using different type of making method, the materials used can prevent and restrict heat and fire for a longer period of time for access to another space. It also functioned to protect user free from fire and smoke during evacuation.

Figure 4.2.2.1 Fire resistance door in axonometric view in materials used (http://www.creaghprecisionjoinery.co.uk/2014)

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Figure 4.2.2.2 Fire resistance door used inside hypermarket (on-site photo)

Figure 4.2.2.3 Fire resistance door used in Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

Figure 4.2.2.4 Fire resistance door hinged used in hypermarket (on-site photo)

The fire resistance door have always closed all the time and therefore automatic door closer hinged is used. Automatic door closer hinged and devices were installed to the requirement of By â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Laws Section 164(1). The door hinged was designed to trigger the fire alarm once it is open.

4.2.3

Colour coding

The label of colour requirements are based on the characteristic hazards of the contents.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Figure 4.2.3.1 Pipe colour chart (www.grainger.com/2015)

Based on the chart, the colour coding of fire system usually is in red within the whole building. This is to specific the internal pipes or coating tubes of fire protection in the hypermarket.

Figure 4.2.3.2 Colour coding pipe for fire fighter hanged at carpark ceiling (on-site photo)

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Figure 4.2.3.3 Colour coding pipe hanged at carpark ceiling (on-site photo)

4.3 Active Fire Protection Active fire protections are installed in most of the building as it is very essential component of the safety precaution in case the event of fire. The purpose of active fire protection is to stop a small scale of fire, control the spread of fire and signal to the user of the building making precious time for them to evacuate from the building. In large scale building like shopping mall, active fire protection is very important as it guide the people evacuate the building in time, giving visibility and certain amount of oxygen in the event of fire. For example, in case of a fire started in the building, the smoke rises will trigger the smoke detector and sound the alarm to warn the people, the smoke curtain will drop down to contaminate the spread of smoke and in the event of fire, smoke is more dangerous than the actual fire as it burn the lung of the human and suffocate the lung as combustion consumed oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, the sprinkler system will start showering water to control the spread of water, gas suspension system will trigger if the water is impractical to use for firefighting especially space like electrical room. BOMBA had set certain law for architects and contractors to follow as for the safety precaution in all the building. The standard used to measure the fire protection rules and regulation for this case study (Mydin Gong Badak) is UBBL.

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4.3.1

Smoke Control System

Smoke is very dangerous in the event of fire, even more dangerous than the actual fire as it will burn the human lung and suffocate as combustion consumed oxygen and producing carbon dioxide. Smoke control is essential as it guide the smoke out from the building in the event of fire, allowing people to breath while evacuating the building.

4.3.1.1 Smoke Detector Smoke detector is the first defense line when the fire happens, the fire will causes the smoke to rise and trigger the smoke detector. Smoke detector will warn the fire control room and giving them time to respond to the fire whether to call the firefighter or extinguish it or even a false alarm. In Mydin Gong Badak, double-knock system are used as to ensure minimal false alarm occur when smoke detectors are triggered. The smoke detector also linked to the fireman intercom as if the fire control room didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t pick up call from firefighting department, the firefighting department will send fire trucks to the mall immediately. There are two types of fire detector, a photoelectric smoke detector and ionization smoke detector. Photoelectric smoke detector are used to detect large scale of fire by detecting visible particle of combustion while ionization smoke detector detecting invisible particle of Figure 4.3.1.1.1 Smoke Detector Component combustion and capable to detect smaller scale of fire. (Excellent Fire Safety System Pvt. Ltd., 2015) 54

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Double-knock system is used to ensure minimal false alarm happen. Double-knock system is an automatic fire detection and alarm system that is capable of identifying when two elements of actuate simultaneously within same zone or area. The battery of the smoke detector is replaced every 6 months in Mydin Gong Badak.

According to Malaysia Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) 1984, Section 153 Smoke detector for lift lobby 1. Smoke detectors for lift lobbies. 2. All lift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors. 3. Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices controlled by light beam or photo-detectors unless incorporated with a force close feature which after thirty seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door to close within a preset time.

Figure 4.3.1.1.2 Photoelectric Smoke Detector (The Smoke Detector, 2011

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Figure 4.3.1.1.3 Ionization Smoke Detector (The Smoke Detector, 2011)

Figure 4.3.1.1.4 Smoke Detector Replacement of Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

4.3.1.2 Smoke Curtain Smoke curtain is basically an electrical rolling shutter that functions to contaminate the spread of the smoke throughout the whole building. Smoke curtain descend to above head height in mall and motorized damper inside the ductwork convert the air-conditioning system into smoke extraction system.

Figure 4.3.1.2.1 Smoke behavior for hypermarket in fire scenario (BRE-186 Fig.3)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK The smoke curtains contained the smoke within each zone above ceiling. This allow the smoke extraction to be more effective.

Figure 4.3.1.2.2 Plan of smoke curtains that divided Mydin into 5 areas

Figure 4.3.1.2.3 Smoke Curtain on the ceiling of mall (on-site photo)

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4.3.2

Fire Alarm

Fire alarm bell is used in Mydin Gong Badak to alert the people inside the space in the event of fire. The bell can be either automatically trigger when smoke detectors detect smoke or breaking the fire break glass call point. Those nearest the fire will normally be alert fire (Peter Burberry,1997). Fire alarm bells shall be under dome type with a high resonance pressed alloy steel gong to ensure a load clear-tone ring. They shall be fully suppressed and polarized. The operating mechanism shall be fully enclosed and the gong shall be red stove enameled for long life. (Fire Alarm System Technical Specifications, 2013)

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Figure 4.3.2.1 Fire Alarm Bell in Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

According to Malayisa Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) 1984, Section 237 Fire Alarms 1. Fire alarms shall be provided accordance with the Tenth Schedule to these By-Laws. 2. All Premises and buildings with gross floor area excluding car park and storage areas exceeding 9290 square meters or exceeding 30.5 meters in height shall be provided with two stage alarm system with evacuation (continuous signal) to be given immediately in the affected section of premises while an alert (intermittent signal) be given in adjoining section. 3. Provision shall be made for the general evacuation of premises by action of a master control.

4.3.3

Horn Loudspeaker

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Figure 4.3.3.1 Horn Loudspeaker at the staircase of the Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

Figure 4.3.3.2 Horn Loudspeaker on the ceiling of the Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

Horn loudspeaker covered every single part of the Mydin Gond Badak. All the loudspeaker are linked to the control room, easier for the staff or the fireman to broadcast guiding the people the shortest route when evacuating the mall. The picture above are two different type of loudspeaker can be found in Mydin Gong Badak.

4.3.4

Fire Control Room 60

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Fire control room are normally place beside or together with the main control room of the shopping mall when in Mydin Gong Badak they are placed together in order to monitor the building security and fire system of the mall as the technology improved, the size of the control room became smaller and smaller. Mydin Gong Badak was built in 2014 which applied the latest technology and the space for the control room approximately is around 14meters square only. According to Malaysia Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) 1984, Section 238 Command and Control Room 1. Every large permises or building exceeding 30.5meters in height shall be provided with a command and control center located on the designated floor and shall contain a pabel to minotor the public address, fire brigade communication, sprinkler, water flor detectorrs, fire detection and alarm systems and a with a direct telephone connection to the appropriate fire station by-passing the switch board.

Figure 4.3.4.1 Control Room of Mydin Gong Badak

Figure 4.3.4.2 Smoke Curtain Control Panel

(on-site photo)

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Figure 4.3.4.3 Digital Alarm Communicator (on-site photo)

Figure 2.3.4.4 Fire Control Room Layout and System (Fire Control Room, 2009) (on-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 4.3.4.1 Control Panel A control panel is very esseciantl to monitor if the smoke detector triggered the fire alarm bell. Control panel contain programming and operating electrinics and user interfeace, including alphanumberic display, showing the state of the system and provide troubleshooting information and a touchpad so that onsite personal can silence an alarm or a trouble signal, reset the system of a following event or reprogram if necessary manually.

Figure 4.3.4.1.1 Fire Control Panel of Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

Function of the control panel included: ·automatic monitoring ·control of circuits external to the equipment, such as fire detection and fire alarm device circuits ·supply of power to these circuits ·indication of fire signals, fault signals and their location ·manual control to facilitate actions such as testing ·disablement of device ·triggering of fire signals ·silencing of audible fire warnings ·resetting the system after a fire signal

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 4.3.4.2 Fireman Intercom System Fireman intercom system provided two ways selective communication between Master Control Panel and a specified number of Remote Headsets located at designated points on each floor of the building while fireman in duty.

Figure 4.3.4.2.1 Intercom System located in Control Room in Mydin Gong Badak

Figure 4.3.4.2.2 Emergency Phone for Elevator in Mydin Gong Badak

(on-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK The Master Handset compresises of Master Handset, which is used to comminicate with the Remote handsets. The master headset can contact to the remote headset and its located in the control room.

Figure 4.3.4.2.3 Fireman Intercom in Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

4.3.5

Fireman Switch

Fireman switch is an electrical isolator, can only be activating by fireman using fire man hook or axe which can be found normally beside emergency door. The main purpose of this switch is to cut the electrical circuit of whole building electricity or certain portion of the building as to prevent overheated equipment like mechanical equipment like elevator or air-conditioning.

Figure 4.3.5.1 Fireman Switches in Mydin Gong Badak

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 4.3.6

Fire Break Glass Call Point

Fire break glass call point is very common used in large premises or building just in case of fire or any emergency that smoke or heat detector is not capable to detect. The fire break glass call point can only be activate by manually by pressing the center of the glass (weakest point of the glass panel) triggering the alarm and causes the LED display to flash in control panel. Requirement of Fire Break Glass Call Point installation: - call point should install at along the escape and rescue route - call point have to install according to the requirement height which is around 1400mm - 200mm measure from the center of the call point to the floor - call point must sufficiently lit with day light or another light source (Manual Call Point, 2011)

Figure 4.3.6.1 Fire Break Glass Call Point and Fire Alarm Bell in Mydin Gong Badak(on-site photo)

Figure 4.3.6.2 Fire Break Glass Call Point and control panel outside of Genset room at Mydin Gong Badak(on-site photo)

The switch point is installed outside of the genset room as we can pull the switch after breaking the glass in case of emergency. The switch and all the system have to test annually. 66

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 4.3.7

Emergency Light

During the emergency or when the electrical circuit is cut off, the emergency light will lit by itself. This is to ensure everyone to have clear vision to evacuate the building by using emergency route fast and safe. The emergency light is connected to the electrical circuit for charging and standby 24 hours to ensure it have full electricity all the time. Emergency light is essential in guiding people to the safety and giving vision in case of black out during an emergency. According to Malaysia Uniform Building By-Laws, section 172 Emergency Exist Sign 1. Storey exists and access to such exits shall be marked by readily visible signs and shall not be obscured by any decorations, furnishings or other equipment. 2. A sign reading ‘KELUAR’ with an arrow indicating the direction shall be placed in every location where the direction of travel to reach the nearest exits is not immediately apparent. 3. Every exit sign shall have the word ‘KELUAR’ in plainly legible letter not less than 150 millimeters high with the principal strokes of the letters not less than 18 millimeters wide. The lettering shall be in red against a black background. 4. All Exits signs shall be illuminated continuously during periods of occupancy. 5. Illuminated signs shall be provided with two electric lamps of not less than fifteen watts each.

Figure 4.3.7.1

Figure 4.3.7.2

Emergency light at the storage of Mydin Gong Badak

Emergency light mounted at the ceiling of Mydin Gong Badak

(on-site photo)

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Figure 4.3.7.3 Emergency light with letter â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;KELUARâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (on-site photo)

4.3.8

Water Based Firefighting System

Water are natural element that can put out the fire, it is being used in water based firefighting system in most of the building as it is cost effective. (Janus, 2012)

4.3.8.1 Water Sprinkler System There are 4 types of water sprinkler system -Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler System -Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler System -Deluge Fire Sprinkler System -Pre-action Fire Sprinkler System For Mydin Gong Badak, they using wet pipe fire sprinkler system which is commonly used in all other building in Malaysia. A wet pipe fire sprinkler channel water in the pipe and discharged it straight the fire which is capable to put out small scale of fire yet limiting spread of large scale of fire.

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Figure 2.3.8.1.1 Typical wet pipe sprinkler system (International Code Council, 2007)

Advantages of Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler System include: - System simplicity and reliability: wet pipe sprinkler system have the least number of components and therefore, the lowest number of items to malfunction. This produces unexcelled reliability which is important since sprinklers may be asked to sit in waiting for many years before they are needed. This simplicity aspect also becomes important in facilities where system maintenance may not be performed with desired frequency. - Relative low installation and maintenance expense: Due to their overall simplicity, wet pipe sprinklers require the least amount of installation time and capital. Maintenance cost savings are also realized since less service time is generally required compared to other system types. These savings become important when maintenance budget are shrinking. - Ease of modification: Wet pipe fire sprinkler systems are advantageous since modifications involve shutting down the water supply, draining pipes and making alterations. Following the work, the system is pressure tested and restored. Additional work for detection and special control equipment is avoided which again saves time and expense. - Short term down time following a fire: Wet pipe sprinkler systems require the least amount of effort to restore. In most instances, sprinkler protection is reinstated by replacing the fused sprinklers and turning the water supply back on. Pre-action and dry-pipe systems may require additional effort to reset control equipment. Disadvantages of using a wet pipe fire sprinkler system include: - wet pipe system are not suited for sub-freezing environments. - There may also be a concern where piping is subject to severe impact damage could consequently leak. (VFP Fire System, 2015)

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Figure 4.3.8.1.2 Sprinklers are mounted at the ceiling of Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

Figure 4.3.8.1.3 Types of Sprinkler head

There are two types of sprinkler head, which is bulb and solder. The bulb type functioning as it will trigger if overheated and the glass bulb that contain colored liquid rupture. Mydin Gong Badak uses solder type of sprinkler head as it is easier to control and cheaper maintenance cost.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 4.3.8.2 Hose Reel System Hose reel system covered every part of Mydin Gong Badak, located mostly beside the exits or emergency door. Spectrum (2005) stated that the length of the fire hose is 36meters with a diameter of 19mm. The hose reel designed to deliver, as a minimum, 0.33L of water per second. A control nozzle can help to control the direction, pressure and the water flow pattern. In Mydin Gong Badak, most of the hose reels are visible and labeled with sign.

Figure 4.3.8.2.1 Hose Reel Components (Fire Focus Shop, 2015)

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Figure 4.3.8.2.2 Exposed Hose Reel in Mydin Gong Badak

Figure 4.3.8.2.2 Hidden Hose Reel in Mydin Gong Badak

(on-site photo)

4.3.8.3 Firefighting Water Pump There are 2 types of firefighting water pump can be found in Mydin Gong Badak: Jockey Pump Jockey pump is also called as sprinkler jockey, it is to supply water to fire sprinkler system and maintaining the water pressure to control the spread of fire.

Figure 4.3.8.2.1 Sprinkler Pump in Mydin Gong Badak

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Hose Reel Pump Hose reel pump functions as to supply water to the hose reel of the every part of Mydin Gong Badak for firefighting. Hose reel pump is smaller than jockey pump in sizes.

Figure 4.3.8.2.2 Hose Reel Pump in Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

Each type of pump is differentiated into: -Duty and Standby Pump Duty pump will be giving pressure when the pressure of the pipe goes down to a certain level, it can help to supply enough pressure to pump the water into pipe. If the duty pump stops working, it will be detected by standby pump and will automatically trigger standby pump.

-Fire Fighting Water Storage For Mydin Gong Badak, firefighting water tank is built-in and located just beside of the pump room.

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Figure 4.3.8.2.3 Ladder to access to firefighting water storage tank with water level indicator in Mydin Gong Badak. (on-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 4.3.9

Non Water Based Firefighting System

In some part of the Mydin Gong Badak, using water to put out fire is impractical such as genset room, lift machine room or electrical switch room. Non water based firefighting in Mydin Gong Badak included gas suspension system which uses CO2 and dry chemical extinguisher such as portable fire extinguisher.

4.3.9.1 Gas Suspension System Gas suspension system is compactible to use in small space yet impractical for water based firefighting like genset room because water itself conducting electricity and causes short circuit. Gas suspension system reduces oxygen or heat level in the room by releasing large amount of CO2.

Figure 2.3.9.1.1 Gas Suspension System Schematic Diagram from NDY M&E in Mydin Gong Badak

Advantages of using CO2: - Fast: Within seconds, CO2 penetrates the entire hazard areas to smother the combustion. - Environmentally Friendly: CO2 exists as a gas in earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s atmosphere and its one of the by-products of combustion. Its use has no environmental impact. - Non-damaging: CO2 does not cause spoilage, requires no clean up and leaves no residue. - Non-conductive: CO2 is electrically non-conductive, allowing use for a wide variety of special applications. - Adaptive: CO2 is effective on a wide range of flammable and combustible materials. (VFP Fire Systems, 2015)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 4.3.9.2 Portable Fire Extinguisher There are various types of fire extinguishers which is:

Figure 4.3.9.2.1 Types of Fire Extinguisher (Fire and Security Alarm Ltd. , 2015)

In Malaysia, ABC dry powder extinguisher and carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguisher are most commonly used. These two types of portable fire extinguisher also can be found in Mydin Gong Badak.

According to Malaysia Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) 1984, section 227 Portable Extinguishers Portable extinguisher shall be provided in accordance with the relevant codes of practice and shall be sited in prominent position on exit routs to be visible from all directions and similar extinguishers in a building shall be of the same method of operation.

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Figure 4.3.9.2.2 Components of powder fire extinguisher (Occupational Safety & Health, 2010)

Figure 4.3.9.2.3 Compressed CO2 portable extinguisher (Kemplon Engineering, 2014)

Figure 4.3.9.2.4 ABC Powder Portable Extinguisher in Mydin Gong Badak (on-site photo)

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5 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 5.1 LITERATUR REVIEW Mechanical transport provides means of raising and lowering people or goods in a building between floors, which used to save time and energy consumption compared to staircase. It is divided into two category: mainly vertical transportation and horizontal transportation. Where common vertical transportation is: elevator & escalator; horizontal transportation: travelator.

Figure 5.1.1 Vertical Transportation: Elevator (Inside the Building Technology, www.cleantechnotes.org/2013)

Figure 5.1.2 Vertical Transportation: Escalator (Escalator, www.turbosquid.com/2015)

Figure 5.1.3 Horizontal Transportation: Travelator (Travelator. 2015, http://rickyhodgson.deviantart.com)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK In mid-rise commercial building (4 storeys and above), an elevator must be introduced to ease the usage for disabled people where it is equipped with Braille System. While use of escalator in shopping malls & airports allow maximum efficiency due to continuous transfer of traffic. Zoning of lift is presented mostly in high rise building, as it is divided into three section of low, mid & high, and categorised into express and local. Such design increases the transfer capacity & lower the waiting time in peak hour. Use of elevator has evolved into a greater subject as it creates better sound insulation, luxurious interior & lighting. Horizontal transportation has its restriction to transfer its passenger for merely on the same floor in a lower speed. This type transportation is used in long spaces or between connecting bridge to decrease energy consumption. However, there are other means of mechanical transportation such as dumbwaiter and conveyor belt which is rarely used, but all are point to the same purpose as providing ease for human usage.

Vertical Transportation: Dumbwaiter (Elevador de Platos,www.parkingsolutions.com.pe/2015)\

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 5.2 INTRODUCTION Elevator An elevator is a car raised or lowered from floor to floor within a commercial and residential building. The elevator used here is cable or traction type as it is considered cost effective for two story building with moderate crowd. However, the elevator is distributed to 2 types, one as goods lift and one as passenger lift. In Mydin Gong Badak, the elevator consists of components namely its geared traction system, elevator car and control system. Elevator is the invention of Elisha Graves Otis in year 1811 with early use by Romans to move water, building materials, or other heavy items from one place to another.

Travelator A travelator is a staircase conveyor transport device for carrying folks between floors of a building. The reason of using travelator instead of escalator is to allow maximum efficiency for Mydin Supermarket trolley usage, while as a mean of horizontal transportation to save energy and time. With the technology of using travelator motor, driver unit, human sensor and steps or pallet, the device consists of a motor-driven chain and combined pallets that move in batch horizontally with a degrees of 30. The first travelator was debuted at the World's Columbian Exposition with two different divisions: one with passengers seated, and one with riders standing or walking, where it was then developed by Gabriel Bouladon and Paul Zuppiger.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 5.2.1 Elevator Diagram The elevator operate with less powerful motor at hoisting speeds from 350 to 500 feet per minute (1.7 to 2.5 meters per second). The AC or DC motor first turn the gear reduction unit/sheave, then the hoisting rope which surrounds the sheave is turned by it resulting in the elevating of car. Geared Traction Elevator

Electric Motor

Gear Type Reduction Unit

Hoisting Rope

Elevator Car

Figure 5.2.1.1 Geared Traction Elevator (Elevators Types and Classification - Part One, 2015, http://www.electrical-knowhow.com/2012/04/elevators-typesand-classification-part.html)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 5.2.1.1 Drive Gear

Electric Motor

Hoisting Rope

Sheave

ger Lift Drive Gear (On-site photo)

Figure 5.2.1.1.2 Cargo Lift Drive Gear (On-site photo)

Hoisting / Suspension Ropes Suspension / hoisting rope are suspension means for elevator car and counterweight, and always represented by steel wire ropes. The hoisting rope usually extending up into the machine room and loop over the sheave on the motor and then down to the counter weights. Hoisting cable are generally 3 to 6 in number. These ropes are usually 1/2â&#x20AC;?or 5/8â&#x20AC;? in diameter. Sheave Sheave is the traction unit that connected to the motor on one end while passed by the rope on the other end. The sheave grips tightly with the rope, and its rotation will result directly on the hoisting rope. The different wrapping of sheave will result in different speed in hoisting. Single wrap: rope passes over sheave once and connected to counterweight. Double wrap: rope wound over sheave twice in high speed elevators for additional traction.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 5.2.1.2 Control Unit Electric Fan Unit

Control Buttons Inspector Contact Phone

Electronic Control Unit Figure 5.2.1.2.1 Control Unit (On-site photo) Electric Fan Unit To prevent the overheating of the entire control unit, while metal act as the heat transmission material to transfer the heat to the exterior with tiny holes presented on the surface.

Control Button On / Off Button Light Indicator

Figure 5.2.1.2.2 Control Button (On-site photo) The buttons directly controls the electronic control unit which in turns connects back to the drive gear system to control the hoisting of elevator car.

Inspector Contact Phone The contact phone allows the emergency outbreak of elevator unit to be handled before transferring to the control room panel and to contact the inspector immediately.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 5.2.1.3 Elevator Circuit Breaker

Figure 5.2.1.3.1 Elevator circuit breaker (On-site photo)

Figure 5.2.3.1.2 Elevator Circuit Breaker (On-site photo)

The circuit breaker is a very dependable device consisting of an electromagnet that opens and closes contacts, routing the logic to various circuits. It serves as the breaker if any uncontrollable accident happens, such as the overflowing of electricity.

5.2.1.4 Fire Safety in Control Room

Figure 5.2.1.4.1 Smoke Extract (On-site photo)

The smoke extract allows excessive smoke to be expelled to allow for inspection in emergency state.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 5.2.1.5 Elevator Car The elevator used in Mydin Gong Badak consists of Cargo/Goods Lift and Passengers Lift both incorporated with 40 pax elevator car with 3000kg of sustainability & 20 pax elevator car with 1365kg of sustainability respectively.

Figure 5.2.1.5.1 Cargo Lift / Goods Lift (On-site photo)

Figure 5.2.1.5.2 Passenger Lift (On-site photo)

5.2.1.6 Elevator Car Interior The car interior is ordinary without any luxury matrials, used to cut down the cost since it is located in a supermart shopping centre. Moreover, stainless steel would provide the means of anti-scratching by cargo and to prevent deformation occurs.

Figure 5.2.1.6.1 Lift Interior (Panorama View On-site photo)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 5.2.1.7 Elevator Car Types & Dimension Car Types

Figure 5.2.1.7.1 Car Types for Elevator

The Elevators used in Mydin Gong Badak only utilises Normal Cabin type since it is appropriate for two-storey building and it saves cost compared to the others.

Car Dimension Cargo / Goods Lift Q(kg) – 1365kg CW(mm) – 1600mm CD(mm) – 1800mm

Passengers Lift Q(kg) – 3000kg CW(mm) – 2000mm CD(mm) – 3000mm

Figure 5.2.1.7.2 Car Dimension Table

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 5.2.1.8 Counterweight

Counterweight

Figure 5.2.1.8.1 Extra Counterweight Inspection (On-site photo)

The counterweight connects to the other end of the rope which hangs upon the sheave. To conserve energy, it is apply as 50% weight as half of the full capacity the elevator, it is well-balanced between the counterweight and the elevator car when it is half full. Thus, with equal loads on each side of the sheave, it only takes a little bit of force to tip the balance one way or the other. Basically, the motor only has to overcome friction -- the weight on the other side does most of the work.

5.2.1.9 Safety Features for Elevator Car

Figure 5.2.1.9.1 Governer connecting to the car (On-site photo)

Governer - The governor is a pulley that rotates when the elevator moves. When the governor spins too fast, the centrifugal force activates the braking system. 87

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 1. The rope is looped over the sheave. 2. The rope is snapped and elevator drops. 3. The motor is unable to control the ropes. 4. Elevator doors is sealed tightly.

Figure 5.2.1.9.2 (What if you were on an elevator and the cable broke, 2015 http://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everydaymyths/question730.html)

1. 2.

The braking system kicks in. Steel rails running up and down to stop the elevator car. Car braking System Some safety braking system clamp the rails of the car while some wedge into notches of the rails.

Figure 5.2.1.9.3 (What if you were on an elevator and the cable broke, 2015, http://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everydaymyths/question730.html)

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 1. 2.

The counterweight dropped down with the rope hanging The elevator car hits the absorber

Figure 5.2.1.9.4 (What if you were on an elevator and the cable broke, http://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everydaymyths/question730.html)

5.2.1.10 Elevator Control Panel

Passengers Elevators

Cargo Elevator

Figure 5.2.1.9.4 Passengers Elevators & Cargo Elevators Control Panel (On-site photo)

Passengers Elevators & Cargo Elevators Control Panel These control panel served as the one-stop emergency panel, as it is equipped with the indicator of left-stopping floors, the emergency stop button and the fire alarm indicator. The emergency stop button allows the pausing of lift if excessive electric current or interference occurs in the lift. While the fire alarm indicator shows emergency and hence allows the guard to determine it as a false alarm or not while contacting the fire police through the equipped phone. Fire Safety Consideration

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK Malaysia Uniform Building By-Laws, clause 151 Where opening shaft are not connected to protected lobbies, such lift shafts shall be provided with vents of not less than 0.09 square meter per lift located at the top of the shaft. Where the vent does not discharge directly to the open air the lift shafts shall be vented to the exterior through a duct of the required FRP as for lift shaft. Malaysia Uniform Building By-Laws, clause 152 1. Landing doors shall have FRP of not less than half the FRP of the hoistway structure with minimum FRP of half hour. 2. Each clear panel opening shall reject a sphere 150mm in diameter. 3. Provision shall be made for the opening of all landing doors by means of an emergency key irrespective of the position of the lift car.

5.2.2 Travelator Diagram 1. Truss. 2. Tracks. 3. Drive motor. 4. Gear box. 5. Service track. 6. Handrail drive wheels. 7. Pallet chain sprockets. 8. Pallets. 9. Pallets chain. 10. Handrail. 11. Lower reversing station. 12. Balustrade panels. 13. Decks. 14. Newel ends. 15. Skirts. 16. Access cover. 17. Comb plates. 18. Front plates. 19. Controller.

Figure 5.2.2.1 Travelator Diagram (Escalators Basic Components - Part One, 2015, www.electrical-knowhow.com/2012)

5.2.2.1 Travelator Arrangement

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 5.2.2.1.1 Criss-Cross Arrangement (On-site photo)

Figure 5.2.2.1.2 Parallel Arrangement (On-site photo)

Criss-Cross Arrangement This arrangement allows the passengers to travel to the mezzanine floor with car parking area with the supermart trolley. Parallel Arrangement The arrangement allows the passengers to directly travel to ground floor for more shops area.

5.2.2.2 Travelator Truss The truss is joined by two identical side sections and joined together by braces to keep them tight.

Figure 5.2.2.2.1 Truss (Escalators Basic Components - Part One, 2015, www.electrical-knowhow.com/2012)

5.2.2.3 Gear Box

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 5.2.2.3.1 Gear Box This is an enclosed, mechanical device that takes the drive motor torque and transmits this torque to the bull gear through a gearbox shaft.

Handrail Chain Drive Gear Drive Chain Bull Gear Pallet Chain

Figure 5.2.2.3.2 Gear Box Diagram

Drive Gear It is powered by the motor and directly input the rotary into the Drive Chain. Located above the travelator unit and is usually larger than the Bull Gear. Bull Gear A mechanism where it is turned and by the Drive Chain and directly transfer the energy to Pallet Chain. It is recognised as the second large gear in the upper section.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK 5.2.2.4 Handrail and Pallets The Handrails The handrails are conveyor belt guided by the handrail chain located underneath the belt, which is turned by the handrail roller. The Pallets The Pallets are small portion of steel which serves travel means and is connected by pallets chain.

Figure 5.2.2.4.1 Handrails and Pallets (On-site photo)

5.2.2.5 Indicator Red Light: Indicate the wrong direction for travel and to correct show it is currently under maintenance.

Figure 5.2.2.5.1 Travelator indicator (On-site photo)

Green Light: Indicate the direction for travel, shows it is available.

Figure 5.2.2.5.2 Travelator indicator (On-site photo)

5.2.2.6 Human Sensor

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

Figure 5.2.2.6.1 Human Detection (On-site photo)

Figure 5.2.2.6.2 Without Human Detection(On-site photo)

The human sensor cut down the energy usage by the shopping centre, as shopping centre usually requires 7500kW/hour and it cut down 25% of total energy usage.

5.2.2.7 Power Control

Figure 5.2.2.7.1 Power Control Panel (On-site photo)

The power control panel requires keys to unlock to pause or revert direction of the travelator. However, emergency stop button does unlocked and covered up to prevent the accidental pressing.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

6. CONCLUSION Being a newly constructed two-storey building in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu with a 615,290 square feet built-up area, Mydin Gong Badak fulfils almost everything shoppersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs ranging from food and non-food including IKS products produced by the local entrepreneurs. On top of that, for ultimate shopping experience, MYDIN Gong Badak provides friendly services ranging from nearly 1,000 parking bays, shopping trolleys, wheelchairs and baby stroller facilities. The building services system that will be studied and analysed are Mechanical Ventilation, Air Conditioning System, Fire Protection System (Active and Passive Fire Protection System), and Mechanical Transportation System. This analysis report allows us to understand thoroughly the services required in a building according to the standard Uniform Building By-Law codes and the MS 1525 requirements. The central air conditioning using split system units are being placed in an isolated area of the floor or outside the building results in minimum noise production. The system also gives a good aesthetic value since the ducting works are concealed inside the ceiling. Although with its advantages, there are some aspects that need to be reconsidered. The number of air conditioners are more than necessary to condition the building. The extra outdoor and indoor units cost more and require more maintenance to be done. Whereas, chilled water thermal storage systems can be economically attractive in larger systems. These systems also allow the chiller to operate at peak efficiency during the storage cycle. And, since the storage medium chilled is the same fluid that is cooled in the chiller and warmed in the cooling coil, few accessories are required. Note as well, that storing a large volume of water on site can be a valuable asset for fire and life safety systems. Among the disadvantages of using Chilled water system are the storage tank costs can vary significantly because the tank is constructed on site. And, don't forget water treatment cost. The water stored is used in the chilled water system as well. As for mechanical ventilation, the building focused on inserting basement room, kitchen as well as toilet. The main purpose of mechanical ventilation is to cool individual room, fireproof and filter small substances. Besides, it is to preserve oxygen and to successfully expel carbon dioxide. Powering the mechanical transportation, it can be divided into two types of mechanism which is elevator car and travellator. Travellator located at the main atrium with the highest traffic flow suggests the importance people tendency to use travellator as it is very convenient. Meanwhile, elevators links all the levels from the basement to the highest floor, which allows loading and unloading tasks to be expedient. Designing a building and applying the services may not be an easy task as there is a lot of considerations to be made. However, this module has given us an opportunity to provide exposure on the integration of various building services systems in a building. We now further understand building services systems in a building.

BUILDING SERVICES MYDIN GONG BADAK

7. REFERENCE

Norman Disney &Young Company. (2015) Uniform Building by Law (UBBL) 1984 Carbon dioxid(e) fire extinguisher. (2008). Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wรถrterbuch GeoTechnik, 193-193. Basic refrigerant cycle. (2011). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http://www.energygov.com/uk Fire detection and fire alarm systems. (2004). Indoor Unit. (2010). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from https://www.miamiac.com, 2008) Pipe Colour Chart. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.grainger.com/2015 System Code Requirements. (2001). The Design and Layout of Fire Sprinkler Systems, Second Edition. Fire extinguisher System. (2008). Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wรถrterbuch GeoTechnik, 193-193. Split system split air conditioner. (2008). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http://www.brighthubengineering.com Typical split air system. (2010). from http://www.findairconditionercontractors.com/central-ac-systemguide.html From futurist Stephan A. Schwartz - Trends That Will Affect ... (n.d.). Retrieved from http://projectavalon.net/forum4/archive/index.php/t-1277-p-2.html Advantage Engineering, Inc. (2007). Retrieved from http://www.advantageengineering.com/