Ziyad Wassef // Architecture Bachelor's degree thesis 2018 [ETSAB-UPC] by Ziyad Wassef

Ziyad Wassef

REACHING OUT A Thesis submitted to the German University in Cairo for the Urban Design Barcelona bachelor project 2018

ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN PROGRAM GERMAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO ESCOLA TÈCNICA SUPERIOR D’ARQUITECTURA DE BARCELONA UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA Author’s name: Ziyad Wassef Abdelkader Youssef Ahmed Bachelor Thesis title: Transitions In The Three Hills - Reaching Out Supervisor’s Name: Prof. Rita Pinto De Freitas Project start date: 13.03.18 Final submission date: 12.06.18 Examination Comittee: Prof. Dr. Eulalia Gomez Escoda, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya Prof. Dr. Heba AbouelFadl, Alexandria University Guest Critiques: Prof. Dr. Hector Mendoza, Vice Dean, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya Prof. Dr. Eduard Bru i Bistuer, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya Reviewers: Arch. Salma Belal, Teaching Assistant Arch. Sara Vima Grau, Teaching Assistant Arch Miquel Ruiz Planella, Teaching Assistant

This is to certify that: 1. This thesis comprises only my original work towards the Bachelor Degree. 2. Due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used.

___________________ 07.08.2018

PREFACE

This bachelor thesis’ report was written by Ziyad Wassef, in the 8th semester of the bachelor programme in architecture and urban design, at the German University in Cairo (GUC). From a personal perspective, this project contains very precise analysis and practical urban solutions for a spicific region in Barcelona city, which are based on theoretical research and several practical workshops. It has a great impact on my architectural education and in a way it shaped my architectural vision.

ABSTRACT

This Thesis document is an outcome of an urban planning project that began with understanding the city of Barcelona first in Cairo, and acting upon it accordingly through the site which is the three hills. In the beginning, the project was developed in the German University in Cairo by introducing and analysing the city then moving to Barcelona and proceeding in Escola Tecnica Superior d’Arquitectura de Barcelona, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya. The aim of this course is to provide transitions between the hills and the city. The Project works in different scales to find the best solutions of a complicated area in the middle of the city. The project included shaping, massing, analysing, planning and mapping realities in the site and designing and proposing solutions. Analyzing (Large scale) & proposing a door (Medium scale) with a new master plan,limits and actuation and the Indvidual intervention phase (Small scale) that is linked with the main strategy and strengthens the concept.

CONTENTS

Introduction Introducing the site Theoretical Background ‘10 Lessons on Barcelona’ book ‘Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City’ book ‘Building Barcelona: A Second Renaixenca’ book Barcelona - First Impressions Nature and humanity Visualizing a general strategy The three hills - first look Analysis Phase Topography and nature Barriers and Building Heights Uses and facilities Flow of people Public Spaces Activities Strategic Thinking Actuation First strategy General Map M_Scale: One Door..Three Segments The door Three horizontal lines Hill front Avenue Montserrat Ronda del Guinardo Spatial definition

S_Scale: Fragments Re-designing Parc Alfons X Sports complex / axis Art and rehabilitation center Market / civic center Map of Continuity Final Documents Cretical Review Conclusion List of Figures References

INTRODUCTION

Barcelona as a city has chosen architecture and urbanism as its most conspicuous, long-lasting and crowning glory. It is a dream city to many people and a great example of urbanism and architecture. The fantastical Sagrada Família church and other modernist landmarks designed by Antoni Gaudí. It’s a city with lots of history, from the roman empire to this day. The target of this project is to draw the attention to a very important part of this city that is not felt as a part of the city today. This project is about the three hills of Barcelona. Our aim is to make transitions between the city and the hills. The first hill is Turó del Carmel. This hill was formerly known as Turó d’en Móra in reference to Can Móra. It is also sometimes called La Montaña Pelada (the bald mountain). The current name Turó del Carmel comes from the hill shrine located on the eastern slope, built in the mid nineteenth century. On the southwest hillside lies the famous Park Güell. the second hill is Turó de la Rovira. At the top of the hill lie the remains of anti-aircraft stations built in 1938 to defend the city during the civil war. Turó de la Creueta del Coll is the third hill. It’s the lowest of the three hills at 245m. Sometimes refered to as Turó d’en Falcó it was the site of a stone quarry. Barcelona reclaimed the area for public use. As with many public spaces in the city there are various art installations. The most striking is the 50 ton concrete ‘claw’. Eduardo Chillida’s work is suspended above the water on four steel cables. In this project we target the area of the three hills through three scales, Large, Medium and Small scales. In the large scale we show the main strategy of the proposal which is the urban design scale. In the middle scale we show our vision of a smaller area and therefore the design solutions are more into details and show the implementation of ideas and interventions in the urban design. The small scale is the architectural scale in which the design shows how we deal with massing and public space with all the possible details of the design. Moving between scale gives a better sense of space and allows more flixability and creativity in the design. During our work in the project, we navigate a lot between scales and each scale gets affected by the other.

Introducing The Site The site of the project is the three hills of Barcelona - known to be El Carmel, Turo de la Rovira, and El Coll. The areas that we investigated and worked on are Parc del Guinardo, Turo de la Rovira, and Parc Guell. The site is a very special part of Barcelona that has a different identity. Many people from the city don’t feel it’s existance, even though it is a part the history of their city. The hills territory is quiet isolated from the core of the city, doesn’t have enough services to serve itself, but it has qualities to attract flows towards itself, mainly tourists going to parc Guell.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

‘10 Lessons on Barcelona’ book In the Midieval era - 5th to 15th century, Barcelona was a small city surrounded by the Roman Walls, which is now the heart of the old city ‘Cuitat Vella’. It had the sense of non-clear organization in which you cannot find clear access, the kind of city that people get lost in its beauty. What became clearer was the need of an axis that connects several parts of the city together. The first chapter of this book explains the history of ‘Carrer de Ferran’ which is an axis that connects three important squares together, placa de Sant Jaume, placa de la Trinitat and placa de l’Angel. This street was the first step towards making Las Ramlas, since it was the widest street at that time and was also made to provide fresh air and better hygine for the city. Conclusion: The lesson that we learn is the impact of a single street that connects many points in the city together, and the effect of the absence of a clear connction on the orientation of the elements in the city.

‘Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City’ book Barcelona has been witnessing population changes due to the demography of Catalunya. These changes cause more demand for labour, which require new developments in the city. As the birth rate drops in Barcelona, there was a need for immigration to compensate the changes in ages and family sizes. Conclusion: The housing demand is increasing along with the reuse of old parts of the city espicially in old neighborhoods. There is a need for central spaces and major territorial axis to overcome the crowds. The infrastructure for high-speed trains and motorways needs to improve.

‘Building Barcelona: A Second Renaixenca’ book “Barcelona as a city has chosen architecture and urbanism as its most conspicuous, long-lasting and crowning glory”. As the book states the amazing architecture qualities of the city, it also shows the strugles that of living in it. Locals formed groups around the early 1970s in response to the poor and deteriorating living conditions. Lack of services, public open spaces, high incidence of crime, lack of educational facilities and poor construction. The writer also mentions the installation of ‘Rondas’ and public space projects including the small plazas and the extensive improvments of big spaces like the waterfronts of Barcelona. Adding nodes and points of centrality is a part of constituting elements that can change distribution of the regional and metropolitan accessability. Conclusion: The book points out problems that are very clear in the site of this project, like the lack of services, open spaces and facilities. It shows the ipmortance of hearing the public opinion. From the writers opinion, the way forward is recognising a larger scope in action, which means that today we need to think big. Another notice is the focus on the infrastructure issue, reagrding the private and the public sectors and how they should be integrated.

BARCELONA - FIRST IMPRESSIONS

NATURE AND HUMANITY - From 100 B.c. To 2018

Looking at the oldest maps of Barcelona, we found water streams coming from the mountains called ‘Gullies’. The gullies could be still be seen in the maps only during the roman times, but in the mid 13th century, as the city started to expand, some gullies were redirected and others were simply erased. During the old times, these gullies were used as passages for people and carrages when they are dry, and they were described as muddy and exhausting. One of the gullies was transformed into the widest and most popular pedestrian street in Barcelona, known today as La Rambla, which marked a limit to the city before the development of El Raval neighborhood.

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VISUALIZING A GENERAL STRATEGY

After the theoretical study and research that we did as a group, we had an image in mind about what a city like Barcelona needs. Through a physical model, we represented a primary concept of our idea of spreading the green coming from the hills of Barcelona the same way the water used to flow from the mountain to the end of the city. In the model, the white masses on the top are the hills of Barcelona, the strips that are coming out of them is the greenery spreading into the city, passing by major streets. The materials used in the model are cardboarded, white sheets, and craftpaper.

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THE THREE HILLS - FIRST LOOK

The first interpretation that we made for the hills after the first visit was a collage that shows what we felt towards that place. The nature was very promising and had a different feeling than the city. The people who live in the hills have a diferent routine. The potential that we saw in that environment was in its nature.

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ANALYSIS PHASE

TOPOGRAPHY AND NATURE Unlike Cairo - where we come from, topographic changes are very common in Barcelona and in most of the European cities. As we knew how important it is to care for the topographic changes in the city, it meant that we need to deal with it and keep it in consideration during all our design phases. So we made this document that has the exact numbers of the topography heights, along with a precise documentation of where the green is on a bigger scale map. Nature as Identity Nature is the identity of the three hills that makes it a special piece in Barcelona. It has the consistency of long trees, grass, stones and rocky pathways, reaching to the top. The green fades away as the distance from the hills gets bigger. Inspiration The use of Saulo-compacted sand soil material for the pavement, and the big chunks of stone as benches, and wooden branches for fencing, were seen in certain areas in the hills like the viewing points. This shows how the nature of the hills is inspiring the architecture around it. Seasonal Vegetation The second part of the analysis is the change of vegetation and how they look according to the season of the year. This can be seen through the documented images of trees and in the sections comparing summer and winter.

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BARRIERS AND BUILDING HEIGHTS A major way to the hills from the side of the city center is Ronda del Guinardo, which is the old ring road. As people walk this way up to the hills, they are usually walking next to a barrier in Ronda, or even in the private sector that people pass by on their way upwards. Types of Barriers The kinds of barriers that were found in the area that was analyzed are walls, fences and trees. We mapped all the barriers that were found in this area through the site visits and orthographic pictures. A Street Between Two Walls What we concluded from the analysis is that Ronda del Guinardo is a ‘street between two walls’. All the way through the Ronda there are fences and walls that block the view from the street to see the nature of hills, or to have more interaction in such a busy street with cars due to its high importance. Public But Fenced Transformations that happened to the Ronda through the years in attempts to make it in a better quality. Some blocks were removed to make a public space like Parc de les Aigües and Jardins del Doctor Pla i Armengol. Both are public spaces that are surrounded with fences or walls and are not well planned. Most people described them as unclear and makes people get lost inside. Private and Fenced The private houses that were found on the way up to the hills were always enclosed to protect their privacy, and the use of the ground floor was not common. The atmosphere changes from Ronda del Guinardo to the small streets, which indicated the potential that that it has besides it geographical and hierarchal importance as a major connection in the city.

Fences did not seem to be the right solution for a public space. It gave Ronda del Guinardo an enclosed sense regardless of the qualities it has that can be found along its sides, we saw it as a public space potential in itself. Buidling Heights The heights of buildings in this area are variable. The majority of buildings were five story-buildings. In general they vary from two stories to eleven stories. Every block can have buildings of different heights, and it’s very rare that a whole block would have a unified height of buildings. The organization of buildings doesn’t allow a clear view of the hills most of the time, which makes it a barrier as well as a wall or a fence.

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USES AND FACILITIES The uses were categorized into three sections, medical, educational and commercial. The medical facilities were few and focused along Ronda del Guinardo. The educational facilities were more distributed but very few were found, especially in the neighborhoods close to the hills. Finally, the commercial use which was almost always present in the Ronda but not inside the neighborhoods. This analysis confirmed to this project that the mixed-use facilities are very few, which completed the picture that started in the barriers analysis. This revealed more reasons behind the little interaction between people and the street.

FLOW OF PEOPLE Most of the flow is conducted through Ronda del Guinardo, either pedestrians or cars, since it’s the main point of transition for transportation and for accessibility between its two sides. There are two metro stations that exist in this area in the Ronda. Both of them are connected by one metro line and goes under the Ronda. They are considered focal points of this street and have the most amount of the pedestrian flow. There are other sources of flow that pours into this area, like the axis coming from Sagrada Familia and another that comes from Sant Joan street and plaza.

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PUBLIC SPACES There are three kinds of public spaces, parks, plazas and streets. Ronda del Guinardo acts as the man artery with activities on its sides. The parks mostly exist on the sides of the Ronda, but the plazas are more distributed and can be found in other streets like Av. Montserrat which is parallel to the Ronda and in other spots in the neighborhoods as well, but more valuable and busy in the main streets.

ACTIVITIES There are many activities that happen in this region. Here they are classified into three categories, static, dynamic and mixed activities. The state of the activity depends on what happens in each space, and the spaces can be open or inside a building of public use, or sometimes a mix of both.

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STRATEGIC THINKING

STRATEGIC THINKING Based on the analysis, we started forming strategic criteria for thinking about ideas and solutions. The area of the hills lacks services. It also lacks human interaction and clear visibility of the main aim. The people who live there are not considered as a part of the city. As for its spatial orientation, it needs central spaces and more flows to be conducted into the middle of the action, since all the flows are focused on the edges the area which is the Ronda that draws its limits. Accessibility to the hills is considered hard, in addition to the slopes that make it really exhausting. What might help is major axis that clarifies the access of important points. The installment of Ronda del Guinardo was actually very beneficial to this area, but now it needs further development regarding the public spaces and their sizes. There should be various sizes of open spaces with better distribution in the region. The greenery is not evenly distributed and the further it gets from the hills, the less greenery will be found.

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L_SCALE: STRATEGY The main strategy uses Ronda del Guinardo as a key. Along the Ronda new interventions take place as ‘pockets’. These pockets are public spaces that are designed to accommodate more human interaction. Before the Ronda exists, there was a mix of urban typologies that blend together followed by voids. After the Ronda was made, it basically marked an end to the grid of Barcelona and the beginning of irregularity of the hills territory. This is why in this strategy the main road is used as the first door to get to the hills. The main strategy is later affected by a bigger vision ‘The General Map’ formed by all the participants of the course, as it showed strength and weak points of each individual strategy.

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M_SCALE: ONE DOOR..THREE SEGMENTS

M_SCALE: DOOR The large-scale plan showed the necessity of including three doors to the hills instead of one. In fact, Ronda del Guinardo became a single door that has three segments, while each segment had a different purpose than the other, they are served the bigger scale strategy. The three segments of the Ronda are connected through three horizontal lines. Hill Front The first line is the hill front which is the contour line of the hills from the side of the city. This line has the theme of the hills with its nature, in addition to interventions in the contact points of each segment. In segment one the intervention is the contemporary exhibition, in segment two the intervention is the art center, and in segment three the intervention is the event space. Avenue Montserrat The second line is Av. Montserrat, which used to be the old Ronda. This is a major street that has a great spatial quality which makes it act as a mirador. It has many viewing points along the way, and it has an important focal point that connects the Ronda to Parc Guell. In segment one the intervention is the commercial use and parc Alfons X, in segment two the intervention is the marketplace, and in segment three the intervention is the cultural axis. Ronda del Guinardo The third line is Ronda del Guinardo. This is where the three segments start to introduce themselves to the city. In segment one the intervention is parc Alfons X, in segment two the intervention is the museum, and in segment three the intervention is the cultural center.

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SEGMENT ONE_Straight Forward The first segment is a straight axis that connects Parc Alfons X in Ronda del Guinardo with Parc Guell. The problem with accessing parc Guell is that the only way to it for a walking pedestrian is through a quiet street with a dead end and a narrow staircase going many steps upwards to the entrance of the park. This makes it not so easy to get to for most people. Many people get lost in that area, and with effort of climbing the slopes, it needed a clear solution. The idea of this axis is to provide a straight access from the Ronda to parc Guell - which is an important icon in the hills, through only demolishing a few buildings of private housing. Providing a series of public plazas along the axis, reaching to an exhibition at its end. One of the main problems that faces this idea is the difference in level of the street and the building entrances. There are two streets, the first is at a higher level and passes by the private houses. The other street is on a lower level and passes by large scale buildings that go above nine story-buildings. This is a case of many possibilities, and the way it is solved here is by making bridges that pass from above of the lower level street and connects with the upper street with voids integrated with greenery from above. The lower level would have mixeduse ground floor and the private houses are turned into different typologies to suit the uses of the new proposed axis. Also, the shape of the previous plots of the private houses is changed to adjust the width of the axis. 72

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SEGMENT TWO_Heart of Guinardo The heart of Guinardo is the second segment. The idea of this segment is to drag the green from the hills to the Ronda and to the city. This segment contains parts of the hill that were enclosed by buildings, and other spaces that were surrounded by walls and fences. The idea is to clear the view and make a park out of these isolated areas. Together they form a natural park that reaches to the hills, with many interventions and open spaces. There are existing masses in the park, like the museum, the sports complex and some residential buildings. Some of the existing masses were kept in the same place, some were rebuilt in the same place and others were removed. The middle of the park has a proposed marketplace and an existing museum. The end of the park in contact with the hills has new interventions. The art museum and the rehabilitation centers.

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SEGMENT THREE_Injection Injection is the last of the three segments. This segment’s idea is to gather many cultural activities in one place which is a street of two sides. Both sides were typical residential blocks that are transformed into a different housing typology – social housing. This way the blocks open up to the street, and the street can benefit from their open green voids.

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SPATIAL DEFINITION The mechanism of the door maintains the integration of three main characteristics in each segment of this door. The three characteristics are nature, built fabric, and culture/arts. The built tissue is the glue that hold the pieces of the door together. It’s the residential buildings and the services. The nature is represented in the parks and agriculture. The culture and arts are represented in the cultural and civic centers. The importance of the integration of elements is that it orders activities according to the needs and not just for the sake of order. This structure allows fixability and guarantees that even when each segment is filled with qualities it still works with the other segments as one body and one organism.

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RE-DESIGNING PARC ALFONS X Park Alfons X is the largest open space in Ronda del Guinardo. It has a library on the north-eastern side, and a civic center on the south-eastern side. This park is surrounded by walls all around, and is usually not occupied by many people. Its planning doesn’t seem so successful because people consume a lot of time trying to enter and exit the park because the access isn’t clear and the design makes people get lost inside. A large part of the park is completely closed for the civic center as the civic center building is considered a heritage site with its park. The park has a very important role in this project, since it is the start of the first segment that goes to parc Guell, and is the touching point with Ronda del Guinardo. It also has a very close connection with the other three fragments of the small scale. The idea of this design is basically an inverted vision of the mountain, in which the summit of the mountain becomes pillars to a roof structure that acts as a shelter for the park. The shapes on the roof are inspired by a collection of living things that exist in the hills – plants, animals, insects,.. These shapes were translated into abstract shapes which appear in the design of the roof. They are meant to make people question each one of them and to raise their curiosity about the structure. The roof is accessible from both upper and lower levels. The ground floor is for public use, for the use of the public library, and for the use of the civic center. The re-design of the park changed the limits of the park, as it became almost touching the surroundings. It offers spaces in front of each mass that exists in the park.

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S_SCALE: FRAGMENTS

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As parc Alfons X is the beginning of the first segment and has a direct contact with the Ronda, with a straight connection to parc Guell, it shows relation with the opposite side of the equation. The tiles of the axis that is coming from parc Guell are continuing in the park of Alfons X. the design of the roof also reflects a strong relation with nature which is the same steps that parc Guell follows. In a way the theme continues in the whole axis, which makes it more homogenious. From the other side of the park, it touches the hills directly, which calls for a connection in the feling of the park as well in relation with nature.

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SPORTS COMPLEX / AXIS The axis that provides a straight access to parc Guell is designed to be pedestrian friendsly, with commercial activity. It’s devided into two levels that merge together at some point. The theme of the axis is to make it green and walkable. The residential buildings that were in the lower level were replaced by new housing typologies that work better with the axis, with green voids and more interaction.

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ART AND REHABILITAION CENTER The art center is a mass of sculpture that lies at the end of the second segment in the hills. The space in front of the art center has small spaces fr relaxing, swimming, sitting, and other activities.

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MARKET AND CIVIC CENTER The market is in the middle part of the park of the second segmet. its location encourages the flows of people to enter the park and continue their way to the hills. The presence of a civic centre serves a need that is in this area due to the presence of residential neighborhood in the surrounding.

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MAP OF CONTINUITY The map of continuity shows a further future vision of how this project can continue. In this map, there are streets that are marked to continue the same rhythm of the three segments, and possible extensions for the Ronda and the other horizontal connections. in the map it is shown that the Ronda expands along the city. It shows the impact of this proposal on the rest of the city.

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FINAL DOCUMENTS

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CRITICAL REVIEW The techniques and tools that were used in the project were very successful. Using various scales to cover one project is much more effective than just one scale. Using three scales makes the designer gain more sense of space. It’s hard to control all the scales at the same time. To do it correctly we need the time as much as we need the sense of the time. Rushing things always results in bad outcomes. The analysis phase took a suitable time. it was very beneficial, especially for students who are newly introduced to a whole city. We worked with precision and in detail on a specific area and the research was very rich. The medium scale took a lot of time. More time than it should have, which resulted in giving a very short period for the fragments – small scale. The small-scale s considered the weakest point of the design in general, even if the ideas were very solid, it just needed more time to be developed. There are some documents that still need development. The continuity map is considered poor in my opinion, it needs to be developed further to be clearer and more precise. The small scale as mentioned before, needed about one more month to be fully developed. The urban scale was very complete, which is enough to make this project convincing and to prove its success.

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CONCLUSION To conclude, the three hills have a certain quality that add to the feeling of the city of Barcelona with their very dense greenery. Some parts of the hills are considered heritage or even parts of the history of this city. Other parts are only there for tourists, and other places are only known and visited by locals. One door to the hills that consists of three horizontal lines and three vertical segments that go through these lines.The three horizontal lines were affected,and this affects the accessibility,approachibilty,connectivity and better pedestrian experiences. The three vertical segments brings down the greenery and pure nature to the city,and the city brings cuture,new housing,better life qualities and allow this place to breath,and to be mainly for locals and not tourists,to make people feel that is not a place out of their city or difficult to reach.

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure.01 Gullies map Figure.02 Visual strategy model Figure.03 Barcelona first look collage Figure.04 Topography and greenery map Figure.05 Nature map Figure.06 Seasonal trees collage Figure.07 Barriers map Figure.08 Barriers collage Figure.09 Building heights map Figure.10 Building heights collage Figure.11 Analysis map Figure.12 Analysis map Figure.13 Actuation collage Figure.14 Actuation map Figure.15 General map Figure.16 M_scale collage Figure.17 M_scale diagrams Figure.18 Hill front map Figure.19 Avenue Montserrat map Figure.20 Ronda del Guinardo map Figure.21 Segment one plans Figure.22 Segment one collage Figure.23 Segment one map Figure.24 Segment one sections Figure.25 Segment two plans Figure.26 Segment two collage Figure.27 Segment two map Figure.25 Segment three plans Figure.26 Segment three collage Figure.27 Segment three map Figure.28 Spatial definition Figure.29 Masterplan Figure.30 Unrban sections Figure.31 Montserrar collage Figure.32 Roof shapes collage Figure.33 Abstract shapes collage Figure.34 Ground floor plan Figure.35 Roof plan Figure.36 Diagram connection Figure.37 3D collage Figure.38 Fragment 2

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Figure.39 Fragment 3 Figure.40 Fragment 4 Figure.41 Continuity map

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REFERENCES HISTORICAL AND URBAN REFERENCES http://cartaarqueologica.bcn.cat/ http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/portescollserola/es/ BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23538961_ Pre-Olympic_and_post-Olympic_Barcelona_a_’model’_for_ urban_regeneration_today http://www.metrodebarcelone.com/index.php?page=barcelona-parc-guinardo&hl=eng https://tripedia.info/attraction/parc-del-guinardo-barcelona-spain/ https://www.barcelonaturisme.com/imgfiles/Professionals/Park-G%C3%BCell_Condicions_Abril%202013-ang.pdf

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10 Lessons on Barcelona

A collection of lessons that Manuel de SolÃ -Morales gave during the course Introduction to Urbanism at the School of Architecture of Barcelona between 1975 and 1983. 10 theses by individual chapter show the why and how of Barcelona today. Morales updates the original text with his perspectives 25 years later.each chapter of the book contain a topic about barcelona and history .The chapter of carrer de ferran was showing how the city starts to open up a street to make the city breath and to be for pedestrian and from this came the idea of la rambla and how it transforms the city

Barcelona: The urban evolution of a compact city Barcelona is regarded as a prototype of a European Mediterranean city with a long urban tradition. It has undergone a specific process of historic formation: density and compactness of urban form, evolution by extension rather than by reform.

Building Barcelona: A second Renaixenca

A landmark among the books written on Barcelona, Building Barcelona: A Second Renaixenca provides an enthusiastic examination of the city’s urban transformation. Peter G. Rowe unfolds Barcelona’s rebirth through a clever destination of historical facts that are intertwined with major international events

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ABSTRACT

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