Construction Analysis Assignment 2. Flipbook Section 2D by ziyyuan_vincent

ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 2 - 2019 Dr Alberto Pugnale, Subject coordinator Dr Sofia Colabella, Senior Tutor Anastasia Sklavakis, Tutor Ziyang Yuan, 1025198, 12 September 2019 Lake Wendouree House, Tutorial no.5 ASSIGNMENT 2 FLIPBOOK SECTION 2D: Construction Stages, Details and Annotations

Stage 01 - FOUNDATION SYSTEMS: EXCAVATION, DEMOLITION AND FOOTINGS This is the first stage in almost all of the construction projects. Before this stage happening on site, there are several important things need to be done. In order to successfully start the demolition works, the builder needs to get the relevant permissions first which includes building permit and demolition permit. And the demolition contractor will inspects the site to observe site condition including the existing buildings or materials from the previous property. Also they need to contact the supplier and disconnect the water, gas and electricity services before the demolition. The demolition commences after a confirmation of the demolition plan, it removes old building including its footings. Then a land surveyor measures the site by using theodolite on tripod according to the Australian standard height datum to ensure the building will be constructed properly later. Meanwhile, the movable site office is placed beside the construction area and the toilet as well for the workers. The excavation starts after demolition complete, trenches are dug for footings and excavates the site to the required level on the construction plan. Then the footings are poured as the foundation.

Demolition starts on site after the builder get the permission. The demolition sign are put outside to notice danger. Fences are set around the site to ensure no other irrelevant person enter in the site. Water are sprayed in the air to reduce the dust. Excavator are traveled to site to demolish the old house structure including the old footing and moved them to the Dump truck for discharge.

The Site offices are placed on the side of the site for construction workers and maybe land surveyors to discuss the construction issuues occur during their work. It is also a place to provide space for meeting and provide storage for site documentation. And the moveable toliet is placed beside the office for the workers.

Before the Trenches are dug by the excavator, the land surveyor will check the Soil report and measure the level of the site according to the australian standard height datum to ensure the building will be constructed properly on a solid ground later. The Sand fills are put to flatten some area to create an artificail leveling change or fill the weak point.

House Outline Land surveyor check the report measured on site Trench for footings

STAGE 01 SECTION SCALE 1:50

Dump truck take some of the earth away Excavator to dig trenches

Services pipes Timber formwork site boundary

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Stage 02 - FOUNDATION SYSTEMS: RETAINMENT AND SERVICES PIPES LAYOUT Since the services of gas and electricity were already disconnected in the first stage, workers can safely prepare further stages. The plumber digs trenches for the layout of the services pipes which according to the details on the construction drawings. Workers remove the sand and soil on site to be ready for the construction of the foundation systems. Services pipes for water, gas, electricity and drainage lays out into the trenches dug before. Pipes are all set properly and keep a distance above the floor level in order to make sure the pipes can be connected easily after the floor slab completion. The blinding concrete are founded 200mm minimum into stiff clay refers to the soil report which contribute to further floor slab construction. Timber retainment works start in this stage for later ground floor slab pouring.

Service pipes are arranged and organized by plumbers, they are usually 500mm higher than the earth level since the concrete floor slab will be poured later and the floor level will be rised. They are all Capped to avoid dirts or other small things dropping into. Source: http://homeandbath.zibmak.net/index.php?q=new-construction-foundation

Under the Waterproof membrane, there are several layers of Compacted engineer fills which help to rise the floor level for artificial creation. And there is a 50mm sand layer between them, Blinding concrete are poured in the trenches dug before as the footing system.

Timber framework as retainment for the concrete floor slab pouring. All the Metal bars around the site are capped for safety reason. Concrete floor slab is waiting for pouring as the timber retainment is totally completed by the workers.

House Outline

Timber formwork retainent Compacted engineer fills

This an side view example of how Timber formwork is built to support concrete floor slab pouring. Steel pickets are inserted into earth to avoid timber braces being pushed back by the concrete strength. Installing the timber retaining frame

Source: http://www.builderbill-diy-help.com/raft-slab.html

This is an detail example of how in-ground pipes are connected underground and upground, it illustrates how sewer pipes are connected in a purpose angle. Boundary trap are used at the angle point to fit the pipe dimensions. Source: https://southeastwater.com.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/BuildingAndDevelopment/DevelopersContractors/WaterAndSewerStandards/RetainingWallsTechnicalAddendum.pdf

Services pipes are laid out for further construction

STAGE 02 SECTION SCALE 1:50

Stage 03 - FLOOR SYSTEMS: BASEMENT AND GROUND FLOOR STRUCTURE (BASEMENT/SLABS/SUSPENDED FLOOR) In this stage, workers basically prepared the ground floor slab pouring process. There are several lays of compacted engineer fills are placed above the earth to create the artificial rise of the floor level. They are divided by the blinding concrete between them. Then there are 50mm sands lay over the compacted engineer fills and the 0.2mm waterproof membrane (polyethylene) are laid on top of the sands refers to the structural drawings. Timber formed retainment structures are installed for later concrete pouring supports. The area for bathroom are reserved with a gap under normal ground level. And the edge rebates are set by the timber board to leave the space for brick wall construction refers to architectural drawings. The void former (ploythylene void )are installed above the waterproof membrane and placed 110mm away from each other for floor slab pouring. The steel bars are put in between the void formers to reinforce the concete slab. Reinforced meshes are fixed onto the void formers by bar chairs.

As this image shows, above the 0.2mm waterproof membrane, Void formers are cut and place 110mm away from each other typically. Normally, there are four Chair bars sit on one full sized void former. Steel meshes are fixed on the chair bars which make it 5mm above the former.

This image shows how the Edge rebete of the concrete has been formed by the timber retainment. This two brick rebate is typically designed for the external brick wall constructure.

Concrete floor slab finish has been poured and cured to reach the strength required. As in the image, there is a set down area of the concrete surface which for the brick stairs build later.

This image shows the concrete has already cured for about 30 days and reach the strength required. The timber formwork starts uninstall and the steel pickets are also pulled out. Waiting for the next step which is the structure construction.

After the engineer visits the site to check the location of the waffle void former and reinforcement meshes, the concrete slab are poured into the correct location on site.

House Outline

Concrete slab is leveled and smoothen by the workers

0.2mm waterproof membrane (polyethylene) Source: https://depositphotos. com/171556480/stock-photo-pouringconcrete-slab.html

Source: https://www.123rf.com/photo_87808716_power-trowel-machine-forsmoothing-surface-to-finish-of-concrete

Images above shows the steps of concrete floor slab pouring and being smoothen by troweling machine or steel trowels. The slab normally sure 3 days for early strength, 7 days for half of its strength and 21 days 90% drying and almost ready for installing structure on ground floor.

Source: https://www.pinterest.com.au/ pin/252834966550080782/

50mm Sand laid over Reinforcement bar in concrete slab Compacted engineer fills 15 MPa Blinding Concrete Concrete floor slab Services pipes

STAGE 03 SECTION SCALE 1:50

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Timber formwork retainent

Stage 04 - STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: PREPARATION AND COMPLETION OF BUILDING FRAME/STRUCTURE In this stage, the worker basically prepared and completed the ground floor frame structures and first floor structures. After the concrete slabs are completely cured, the installation of the structural systems commence. The workers first find the correct location for the cast-in plate which refers to the structural drawings in order to install the steel columns and beams after this steps. The crane is hired for placing and installing the structural beams and columns on the ground floor. Trusses and beams are basically bolted onto the steel columns sometimes with cope required to support the whole main structure.

Image shows the Crane is hired to lift the heavy steel primary structure to the location and workers on site help to place them into correct position and weld them on the cast-in base plates on the ground concrete floor slab.

The scissor lift are used for placing beams by the workers. Scaffolds start install on site upto first floor for workers to construct the further timber structures easily and safely. Retaining wall are built during the structure installation. Structural bracings are installed to support the main floor structural systems.

Scaffolding has been installed in this stage for workers to be able to construct first floor house strucutre. Upper floor use timber as primary wall and roof structure except the master bedroom roof structure.

House Outlines

Crane is hired to placing the heavy steel frame structures This image shows how the upper level bedroom cantilever is built in steel structure. They are all bolted together. And the steel columns are welded on the ground cast-in plaste. (see connection detail on p.15 - stage 04 plan)

Steel Beams

Worker help to place the steel structures into the right position and fix them Steel columns and beams are bolted to connect with each others

Scissor lift helps here

STAGE 04 SECTION SCALE 1:50

Stage 05 - INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE The intermediate floor structure is built in this stage to support the floor. After the build of the retaining wall and the frame structure of the internal wall, the intermediate floor structure installation commence. The spacing and span of the joists and beams are applied refers to the structural drawings when install them. The connections between the timber structure and steel columns and beams are normally bolted or nailed to position. The floor substrate is installed on the first floor by nails. Timber trusses are fixed on steel beams by bolts and there is a 10mm gap between ceiling and underside of steel work. Joist hanger to suit fully nailed on the timber blocks which are bolted onto the steel beams. The yellow tongue are placed on the top of the first floor structure for further roof and first floor structure installation.

Image shows the structure of stud wall on ground floor and the structure of intermediate floor which assembled by timber joists, beams and trusses.

The spacing of floor trusses allows structure for he most efficient solution and save a lot of time in installation. Shrinkage, warping or twisting are reduced compare to trandtional joists floor structures. Creating a more solid floor for the house.

House Outlines

Installing the particle board on first floor

Intermediate timber floor structure

https://www.bestwaytoframe.com/floor-trusses

Important elements: - Bearing works as the structural support which carry and transfer the truss reaction loads to the foundation system of the house structure. - Top chord and Bottom chord are both horizontal members that establish the essencial members of a truss. And the bottom chord usually carry both tension and bending stresses. - Web is the element which connect top and bottom chords together. They usually carry the axial stresses.

Scaffolding are installed for workers

Wall studs

Scissor lift

Flat tension bracing

STAGE 05 SECTION SCALE 1:50

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Stage 06 - ROOF SYSTEM: ROOF STRUCTURE AND COVER Roof structures and outside cover are installed in this stage by workers.

As the images on the left hand side show, the roof strucure is installed properly and the wire square meshes are connected on the structure to hold the bulk insulation in position. Then the steel roof sheeting is fixed on. Box gutter are normally placed in between the slopes of roof sheeting.

The scaffolding and safety barriers are installed upto the roof level to enable workers to install roof structures and protections and for the safety purpose as well. Timber roof structures are shaped first to form the supporting elements for roofing system. Timber beams and joists are nailed together to form the primary roof structure. Breathable roof sarking is installed above the timber roof battens to protect it from mould growing and also improve thermal performance by reducing flow through the roof structure. Bulk thermal insulation are installed between roof rafters and roof joists to keep heat flow from running off the house which is 210mm in thickness. Metal roofings are applied for all house roof top using zinc or aluminium sheets. The Box gutters are installed between roof sheets to collect the stormwater and carry it to ground by external downpipes.

Roof sarkings

2/Multi grips fully nailed 2/trip grips fully nailed

Timber roof truss

Timber battens under roof sheets Important roof elements: - Timber roof structure Or Timber truss structure - Roof insulation - Timber battens - Breatheable sarking - Zinc cladding - Box gutters

Scaffolding is always used during the roof structure installation. Timber roof structure are the first element to be installed which refers to the structural drawings. Roof trusses are fabricated out of the site and installed by nailing on the first floor columns and beams structure. Roof sarking are laid on the roof structure to help insulation work more efficient. Timber battens are install on the top of the roof sarkings, and the insulation are insert in between to control the thermal temperature change.

STAGE 06 SECTION SCALE 1:50

Installing the roof sheets

Stage 07 - WALL SYSTEMS: EXTERNAL WALLS AND CLADDINGS This stage normally covers the build of the external walls and claddings. Brick walls are constructed both internal (around the internal stairs) and external (around living and east wall) of the house. Foam plastic are installed between stud wall and internal brick wall. Insulations are installed into the stud wall inside the house to improve the temperature controling. The installation of cladding will be commenced after the confirmation of windows locations since builders need to cut the cladding in accordance the dimension of the windows and doors. The VM Zinc cladding are applied to the external wall of three bedrooms on upfloor for a long life span. Scaffolding are used for installing the external wall and cladding to keep workers safe.

The inside of the external wall, insulation is installed between the bracings and noggings. The loaction of the windows are left for later installation.

The sarking is fixed on the surface of the insulation and each of them are taped together. The external brick wall will be built outside the breatheable sarkings.

This stage provides opportunity for further windows installation.

Gutter is installed to collect the stormwater

All detail drawings shows in Stage 07 Plan view p.18

The external and internal Brick wall are built with the insulation in between the stud wall to improve the thermal performance of the house. The image shows the form insulation install in position.

External Claddings are installed by the workers

Bricks delivered on site

External walls are built

The 2-brick rebate is set out before for the brick wall construction

STAGE 07 SECTION SCALE 1:50

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Stage 08 - WINDOWS SYSTEMS All the windows are delivered on site and installed by workers in this stage. Large windows are all transport to site by small tracks carefully to ensure its safety. Crane is required for placing the large size glazing windows to the correct position on site and cooperated by workers to install. They are hang to the upper floor joists by chains to install easily and safely. Window frames are nailed onto the internal stud wall by bullet nails and all of them are sealed to prevent heat from running off the house. The detailed connections between windows and external claddings are refer to the drawings to construct correctly. Waterproof treatments are applied to all windows. The conservatory of the house installs single glazed louvres to keep this room warm or cool by controllabe ventilation. After this stage, workers prepared to intall the internal partitions and ceilings.

1. Large glass are constumized from the window factory and transported from factory to the site by small trucks normally

2. Large sized glasses are lift by the hired crane, those glass are normally on the roof (skylight) or the window in the first floor

Windows are hang on the ceiling joists for easy installation

Due to the heavy weight of the glazing glass, electrical suckers are used to help to lift them and hang them on the ceiling joists by chains to make workers install it easily and safely.

Suction cup grips are used to lift the glass easily and safely

Windows are delivered to the site from factory by small truck Normally two or more people help to install

STAGE 08 SECTION SCALE 1:50

3. Chains are fixed on the pulley which hang on the ceiling joists to lift the window glass from inside. (See Section shows workers)

Stage 09 - INTERNAL PARTITIONS AND CEILING STRUCTURE After the completion of windows and outside claddings installation, the internal partitions and ceiling structure installation start in this stage.

The partition wall and ceiling are installing by the workers and inside cladding of the wall are cut to the correct size and nailed on to the stud wall frame.

Internal partitions are constructed as stud walls to divided the space inside the house which according to the architectural and structure drawings. Partition walls are covered by plasterboard (13mm thickness) to achieve water resistant to wet area in the house. They are all nailed onto the frame struature on noggings. Thermal insulation are installed in the roof and ceiling of the house which is 210mm in thickness. Service wires running across inside the stud walls and ceilings which refers to the architectural and mechanical drawings. Ceiling sheet are all using 13mm plasterboard to achieve water resistant to wet. Except the timber (ship lapped) ceilings in dining room and villaboard using in plant room and conversatory. Ladder is used for workers to install the ceiling boards

Wall insulation are installed into the studs

The plasterboards are nailed on to the wall framings

There are a lot of service wires running through the ceiling structure and they will be arranged and organized together to the end of the user unit when the plasterboards are installed.

Services wires are run through the ceiling structures

The ceiling bulk insulation are installed in this stage and if there are serive wires running through it, the insulation will be cut as is shown in this image on the left.

Cutting table

STAGE 09 SECTION SCALE 1:50

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Stage 10 - SERVICES AND FINISHING TRADES After the finishes of internal walls and ceilings, services and finishing trades process start in this stage by the workers. Service wires are well organised from one start point to the using end. Services including heating and cooling equipments are installed properly inside the house such as the underfloor heating system and the AC unit above the dining room. Workers start painting the internal walls as the painting colour is selected refers to the material lists. Floorboard installation should commence after wall painting finishes since it can prevent floorboard from being stained on by paint. Living area on ground floor is covered by the tiles and timber flooring are intalled on first floor sitting room and study room. Furnitures are installed into or moved into the house from the factory carefully normally with the protection.

Service pipes and lines are connected and well organized by the workers from one end to the other end. Services are all reconnected by contacting the supply companies.

This is the north face master bedroom which already has some part of the furnitrue moved in and ready to install

This is the kitchen view which the hot and cold water pipes are still exposed and waiting for the installation of the taps and sinks, and also the kitchen equipments

Builder reconnect gas and electricity services to make it ready to use for the clients. Finally, they clean the whole house including carpets and floors and hand over the property to the owner.

This image shows tiles are installed in the toliet on ground floor, tiles installation will be completed before the washbasin and closestool are moved in

Tiles in living room has been totally installed and cleaned to wash the dirts off to wait for the moving in of the furniture.

Furniture are moved and intalled

The shelves in study room are install by workers

Timber floor are install

Services lines are orgainzed and ready to connect

Kitchen equipments are installed to position Tiles are installed by the workers

STAGE 10 SECTION SCALE 1:50

Scaffolding are dismantled now

Stage 01 - FOUNDATION SYSTEMS: EXCAVATION, DEMOLITION AND FOOTINGS

Dump truck

This is the first stage of the construction sequence which defined as excavation, demolition and footings.

Safety fences Heaped earth

As the plan view of this stage shows, the excavator dig the trenches for footing concrete pouring. And carry the unnecessary earth the dirts to the dump truck, then they can move them away from the site. But some of them are heaped at the back of the site. And the safety fence will be placed around the site during demolition and excavation. (See Image 1)

GM * GP FP PB PP --WM-WM Image 1

Although this stage plan and section does not show the process of demolition. In architectural drawing, there has the old building conditions. It shows the buildings and landscapes which need to be removed and also shows the locations of the gas, water main line and meter which can warn to avoid damaging them leads to danger. (See Image 2)

Timber framed retainment

The footing of the building must be founded minimum 200mm into the natural stiff. As soon as the excavation for the footing complete and the inspection and confirmation has been made, the blinding concrete must be poured quickly to prevent ingress of loose sand. The concrete footing must be at least N25 Grade (MPa) and 80 Slump (mm) as in accordance with AS3600 (See Handdraw details below)

The land surveyor read the soil report and instruct the excavation

The excavator dig trenches and dump truck take the unnecessary earth away from the site

Trenches for footing pouring

North Point

STAGE 01 PLAN SCALE 1:50

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Image 2

The plan of excacvation refers to the engineer drawings

Services pipes

Gas Meter Grated Pit Fire Plug Power Box Power Pit Water Main Water Meter

Stage 02 - FOUNDATION SYSTEMS: RETAINMENT AND SERVICES PIPES LAYOUT Services Pipes layout is an important step in the construction sequence. It must be laid correctly because if the concrete slab pouring complete, it can not be changed anymore. There will be more than 500mm above the ground level of the service pipes to be able to connect service after the concrete being cured. And they are all capped to avoid any dirts drop into the pipes. Sewer pipes must have a slight slope underground to be able to run into the sewer pit naturally. See Detail drawing below.

North Point

STAGE 02 PLAN SCALE 1:50

Void formers are placed 110mm away from each other

Yellow cap are installed on all matel bars for safety reason Waterproof membrane are laid on top of 50mm sand and prepare to install the void former Timber retainment are all installed for concrete pouring

Timber formwork start to install to prepare for the concrete floor slab pouring.

This drawing shows how in ground pipes are connected together with different connection fittings and how they are angled to meet the requirements.

Trenches are dug for service pipes

Stage 03 - FLOOR SYSTEMS: BASEMENT AND GROUND FLOOR STRUCTURE (BASEMENT/SLABS/SUSPENDED FLOOR) Concrete floor slab is poured in this stage and cured for further structure installation. However, there are several steps before pouring concrete. Installation: - As the compacted engineer fills are placed in between the blinding concrete - 50mm Sand bed laid over the compacted fills - 0.2mm waterproof membrane covered on top - Void former are cut and placed on the waterproof membrane - Chair Bars are fixed on the void formers - Square steel meshes are placed on the chair bars - Steel bars are placed in between the void former to reinforce the concrete slab

North Point

STAGE 03 PLAN SCALE 1:50

Steel meshes to reinforce the concrete are fixed on the void formers by chair bars

Timber framed retainment hold the concrete in shape

Inspection: - Engineer visit the site and check if the void formers and reinforce steel bars and meshes are placed at the correct location Pouring the concrete: - Concrete slab and edge concrete beams must be poured together. - It must be cured for at least 7 days after pouring. - Curing must be commerce within 2 hours of placement

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Yellow cap are installed on all matel bars for safety reason

Concrete are smoothened by steel trowels normally

Unsmoothened concrete

Stage 04 - STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: PREPARATION AND COMPLETION OF BUILDING FRAME/STRUCTURE Steel columns and beams as primary structure on fround floor are installed in this important stage. They are connected together by welding or bolting. Drawing shows how steel beams are connect to steel beams perpendicularly

Scissor lift and crane are the main machine need ed in this stage; Crane is hired to lift the heavy steel structure (cloumns and beams) Scissor lift for workers to reach higher and help direct the location for the beams and connect them to the steel columns to hold the house structure.

Drawing shows how steel colunms are welded to the cast-in plate on the ground floor slab and bolted to the universal beams

Steel columns as primary structure

Steel beams

This drawing shows how steal columns are welded to the universial beams Steel columns are welded on the cast-in plate on the ground level of the concrete floor slab

Scissor lift are used for worker to place the steel beams are connect beams and columns

Checking on the structural drawing for the location of the beams and the type of them

Workers help the crane to place the beam onto the correct positio and connect them properly

Steel columns are welded to the cast in plate on the ground floor concrete slab. This plate is casted in the concrete when pouring process happening.

North Point

STAGE 04 PLAN SCALE 1:50

Crane is hired from outside and used to lift the heavy steel structure into right position

Stage 05 - INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE This stage illustrates the process of floor trusses installation. Detail drawings shows the connection of the floor structure.

Drawing on the left hand side shows how timber plate are connected to the common stud

And the installation of particle board on the floor structure.

North Point

STAGE 05 PLAN SCALE 1:50

Particle board (yellow tongue)are placed on the first floor floor structure to allow workers walk on it safely

Scaffolding are installed to enable the workers to get access to the first floor safely

Drawing on left hand side shows how long span joist are connected to the steel Universal beams

Floor joists are installed refer to the details on structural drawing

Drawing on left hand side shows how truss floor josits connected to timber beams

Drawing above shows how truss floor josits connected to trimmer and then connected to the stud wall

Space is saved for the AC unit on the ceiling

Drawing above shows how timber joists are connected to the Universal beams

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Yellow tongue sub flooring structure are installed

Stage 06 - ROOF SYSTEM: ROOF STRUCTURE AND COVER

This drawing shows how roof structure is built in section. And the materials it needs.

Roof structure are installed in this stage. It consists of the installation of the roof sheeting, roof insulation, timber battens and sarking, etc. Box gutter is installed in this stage as the roof sheeting is completed.

North Point

STAGE 06 PLAN Roof bracing are install to support the structure

SCALE 1:50

Timber roof joists are constructured as primary roof structure

Scaffolding are always using by workers for safety reason Roofing sheets are install at last in this stage

Roof insulation are installed under roofing sheets between timber battens

The external and internal Brick wall are built with the insulation in between the stud wall to improve the thermal performance of the house. The image shows the form insulation install in position

Stage 07 - WALL SYSTEMS: EXTERNAL WALLS AND CLADDINGS

Image 1: The external wall (reinforced blockwork wall) are installed in section view

External walls and claddings are installed in this stage. Waterproof treatment are applied to all openings and external wall and claddings. Wall flashing are installed to avoid water drop into the house.

Bricks are delivered to site and placed outside usually coverd by membrane

Image 2: The outside brick wall on the first floor of the bedroom is also installed in this stage. in section view. Image 3: This drawing illustrate how the wall sarking is installed by nails and tapes.

North Point

STAGE 07 PLAN SCALE 1:50

First floor floor joist in dashed lines

Image 1

Image 3

Image 2

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External brick wall are built and the form insulation is installed in between to control the indoor temperature

Stage 08 - WINDOWS SYSTEMS Windows on all openings are installed in this step and they are all delivered to the site by small trucks. Window frames are nailed on the stud walls and the window glazing installed inside the frame and sealed to prevent air leakage and control the temperature changing from inside to outside.

All the windows in the house are using double glazed windows which can minimise noise. The sealed air gap between the two panes can be as an additional layer of insulation which improve the thermal controlling in the house.

Double glazed window section

This image on the left shows the window for the bedroom has been installed, the window frame nicely fitted into the stud wall and lintel is installed with the wall strucuture built.

Source: https://majesticglass.com.au/sydney-double-glazed-windows-cost-benefits-review/

North Point

STAGE 08 PLAN SCALE 1:50

Windows are delivered to site by small trucks and some large windows are lifted to position by crane

Detail drawing of this dining room window

Workers helped both inside and outside to installed the window

How Double glazed window works

Source: https://www.pilkington.com/en-gb/uk/architects/ types-of-glass/solar-control-glass/how-it-works

Stage 09 - INTERNAL PARTITIONS AND CEILING STRUCTURE The internal partitions inside the house divided the internal space for the house and normally they are structured as stud walls.(see image 4,5) There are bulk insulation insert in between the studs and noggings and 13mm plasterboard are screwed into the frame of the stud wall. (see image 3).

Image 3 Plasterboard installstion details

Ceiling structure are installed in this stage as well and use direct framing in structure. (See image 1) Image 2 Details of connection

Image 1 Ceiling Structure

Ceilings are installed including the insulation and services wires are connected properly refer to the engineer drawings

Image 4 Internal partition wall (First floor bedrooms)

Image 5 Stud wall structure (Nogging and bracing)

Installing the partition wall plasterboard normally nailed on the stud wall structure including noggings

Carpenter cut the timber cladding of the dining room to correct size refer to the structural and architectural drawings

North Point

STAGE 09 PLAN SCALE 1:50

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Scaffolding start unintalling at this stage

Stage 10 - SERVICES AND FINISHING TRADES The plan of this stage shows the installation of the ground floor tiles and the move in of furniture and home appliances. Kitchen equipments and AC units are all installed in this step.

All the furnitures like the dining tables, side tables, sitting tables are all fabricated in factory and deliviered to site carefully, ususally covered with a membrane.

Before this step, the inside wall must be already painted to avoid stains dropping on timber floor or tiles. Before hand over the house to the client, they will clean up the whole house and check if there is an air leak or water leak. In addition, all the services will be reconnected at this stage.

North Point

SCALE 1:50

Image on the left show the bathroom tile on wall has left the space for marble bench installation.

Ground floor tiles are installed at this stage by workers after the wall painting finishes

And the ground floor toliet wall tiles and service pipes of the closestool.

The images above show the transportation of the trees and the planting process, this step happening at the same time when internal is painting or moving furniture

STAGE 10 PLAN

Kitchen appliances are installed Images below show the service pipes and floor slab heating system is installed in this step, all the service lines or pipes are well organized

Marble boards are cut in right size and the kitchen bench is installed to position