Full size (691984 ZI ZENG) Constructing Environments Introduction Our site Edgewater is in the building process and we have visited for five times. From the observation and learning connected with the ‘Ching’, a number of knowledge of the construction process can be revealed. The structure systems, construction systems, and the material used illustrated from the observation. We have worked out the buildings’ structural system, enclosure system and mechanical system.
First visit: The buildings are built for residential use in the processing. When we first arrived at the place, it just finished its second floor structural. Then we went there again in the following week and have aoverview of the building process and structural systems.
Various
structural
systems
The structural system of a building is designed and constructed to support and transmit applied gravity and lateral loads safely to the ground without exceeding the allowable stresses in its members (ching). The following photos show the three different types of structural systems used in the site built.
Brick structure: column, bearing walls Steel structureďźŒcolumn- and-beam frame Timber structure: beams or girders, planks, main material The bricks are exposed, steel timber are cover Bricks (concrete) used to build the foundation and the garage Steel: steel are quite less used in building the house, only a few beams along the timber
Timber: use as beams and columns that closely place together with the joists.
Foundation system: Shallow foundation: they are placed directly below the lowest part of a substructure and transfer building loads directly to the supporting soil by vertical pressure(ching,3.08)
Deep foundation: they extend down through unsuitable soil to transfer building loads to a more appropriate bearing stratum o rock or dense sands and gravels well below the superstructure. The deep foundation can’t be seen from the picture but the contactor says that they do dig in the solid.(ching,3.08) Beams: two-way beam system. when a large, column-free space is required, long-spanning plate girders or trusses can be used to carry the primary beam, which in turn support a layer of secondary beams.(ching,4.15)
loads:
Second visit: Construction system Floor system: floor systems are the horizontal planes that must support both live loads and dead loads. The building uses wood joists frame. Wood beams support structural planking or deckingďźˆching,4.02
Wall system: walls are the vertical constructions of a building that enclose, separate, and protect its interior spaces.
The wall uses timber structural and then concrete cover on it just as the diagram. Timber frames require diagonal bracing or shear planes for lateral stability and may qualify as heavy timber construction.
Roof system:
roof are made of steel and it is what the house will be like as the photo seems that we took from the finished housing. Also
there
are
trusses
stuctual:
Material Three main materials are timber, concrete and steel.
Using timber has a lot advantages. First, timber material is environmentally that is not toxic that do not have any chemical change. It has no harm to people. Second, it costs not very much. It’s easy to get wood from trees therefore it has low production energy. Steel is common in structural systems and is stable. It is equal in both compression and tension. However, it is heavy and the building only a few steel as structural frame. Concrete: concrete are used tobuilt as garage for it is stability. The houses are building in order that from the bottom to the top. The land level is not horizontal, so some on the columns need to dig deep to the land. The do the
structural
work
first
them
put
the
cover
outside
the
frame.
As the photo above demonstrates that the left part is the concrete cover and the rest are not finished, just structure. We went to the site twice and it can see the processing of the building from the following photos:
It can be seen that the houses are built floor by floor.
Site visit: 3,4,5 Structure frame:
Platform framing is alight wood frame having studs only one story high, regardless of the stories built, each story resting on the top plates of the story below or on
the
sill
plates
of
the
foundation wall.(ching)
There lateral bracing are also required. Timber frame require diagonal bracing or shear planes for lateral stability and may qualify a s heavy timber construction if used with noncombustible, fire-resistive exterior walls and if the members meet the minimum size requirements specified in the building code. (ching 5.03)
Cross-bracing
Wood joints can express the manner in cing which the members are connected, or they can be relatively inconspicuous. In this case, the construction uses angle joints:
Subfloor is the structural material that spans across floor joists serves as a working platform during construction, and provides a base for the finish flooring.
The change in the process of building is to build step by step which can be seen from the photos: first the floor systems, then the frame, then the roof systems.
Third visit:
Fourth visit:
Fifth visit:
Until our fifth visit, all the floors are finished and it begins to build the roof. Also, the formwork can also be seen from the photos.
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Insulating materials: The blue things which cover the frame of the building is the thermal insulating
Roof systems Wood trusses
The framework and bracing must be able to maintain the position and shape of the forms until the concrete sets.
ď Ź The following is another construction located in the opposite of the above building.
The masonry walls around the garage are arranged in parallel sets to support wood systems.
The wythe refers to a continuous vertical section of a wall that is one masonry unit in thickness.
Eave uses the wood truss structure Metal roof decking is used for
this
decking
building.
The
panels
are
puddle-welded
or
mechanically fastened to the supporting steel joists or beams
(ching
6.14)
The opening for glass window Aluminum window frames are relative low in cot, lightweight, and corrosion resistant.
The silver thing is the bat insulation. It fit between rafters in light wood frame construction, faced with a vapor retarder of kraft paper, or plastic sheet. There
is
also
foamed-in-place
insulation.
Swinging. Most effective door type for thermal and acoustic insulation and
for
resistance,
weather can
be
fire-rated
A fireplace is framed opening in a chimney to hold an open fire. It must be designed and constructed.
Masonry chimneys Each
fireplace,
wood
burning stove, or furnace requires
its
own
separate flue
The finished building will be like this
which
besides
the
construction.
The materials used through the last three weeks: Foam: use for thermal insulating. Benefits of foam insulation: saving on the electricity and green house gas reductions. It will not sag, unlike bats, adds structural strength to a wall and the solid nature inhibits the ingress of insects plus many more. (Spray foam solutions) Glass: Glass materials have a random, liquid-like (non-crystalline) molecular structure. They are excellent thermal insulators and electrical insulators, and have high dielectric strength. At ordinary temperatures, glass materials are relatively strong, inert, biologically inactive, and corrosion resistant. in this case , glasses are usually used by doors and windows, the opening of the construction. Brick
The bricks used to build masonry walls. Brick is a masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism while plastic and hardened by firing in a kiln or drying in the sun.
:
Conclusion: After visiting the construction in Edgewater five times, I have an overview of how building constructed. It is built step by step, first is the foundation system, then floor by floor. For example, the land level is not horizontal then it needs to calculate how deep the hole need to be dig in order fit the same length columns. The building has various structural systems that can be easily found. Also, the details of the constructing cannot be ignored, such as the thermal insulating, the moisture, fire-assistance systems.
Reference list D.K.Ching, F. (2008). building construction illustrated. Canada: John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken, New Jersey. sprayfoam solutions. benefits of spray foam insulation.fromhttp://www.foam-insulation.com.au/ glassmeterials information. description.fromhttp://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/