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b'´EÅo'¨r® udwådom& (r[mur®|memp&d,)

1366-ckESpf? uqkefv

2004-ckESpf? arv

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1 3 8 9 11 12 15 18 21 23 27 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 42 47 48 49 51 52 53 57 59 60 61 62 63 66 68 68 70

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70 74 77 84 87 89 90 94 95 97 99 102 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 112 114 115 118 119 123 125 130 131 132 134 136 140 140 141 144

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146 149 151 154 155 158 159 160 161 162 163 163 167 170 172 173 174 175 177 179 179 180 181 182 183 185 186 188 189 190 192 193 194 195 197

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198 199 201 202 203 204 207 209 211 213 214 215 219 221 223 224 227 228 230 231 231 233 238 240 242 247 250 251 253 256 257 259 261 262 263

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w&m;a[myv’ifzGifh y&duH earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor orÁÁK' K'¨ K '¨ó t&[awm = jA[®mewfvl oH;k bHv k w l Ykd MunfjzL&Tiv f ef; ay;vSL'gef;onfh ypön;f av;OD; ylaZmftxl;udk cH,al wmfrx l u kd af yxaom? or®morÁK'¨ó = opömav;csuf "r®pufukd av;r*fc&D; a&mufwNkH yD;rS aÓ,sig;wef r<uif;usefbJ trSerf rd d ud, k af wmfwikd f xd;k xGi;f odawmfrw l wf xaom? wó b*0awm = bke;f awmfajcmufql atmifvx H í l NydKifol r&Sd £ó&d, "r® ponft h jym; *kPu f ;kd yg;ESihf jynfph akH wmfral om xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;&Sif ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD;tm;? t[H = opömav;wef pdw&f nfoefí od&eftm;xkwf tuREfyk o f nf? earm = 'kuo © pöm þcE¨m\ aemifvm Zmwd jzpfr&S&d m edAÁLwmodYk jrefpmG a&mufrI tm½Hjk yKí *½k*g&0 yPmrjzifh OD;cs0E´em &Scd ;kd yg\ jrwfpmG bk&m;/ (om"k? om"k? om"k ygbk&m;) "r® O ö = r*f a v;wef zd k v f a v;wef ed A Á m ef y &d , wf [ k qd k t yf u k e f a om q,f y g;aom w&m;awmfjrwfuv kd nf;aumif;? oHCOö = r*¾|mef av;a,muf zv|mef av;a,muf &Spaf ,mufaom t&d,m oHCmawmf t&Sio f jl rwf wdEYk iS w hf uG okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm&,fEiS hf ÚwfEiS hf orkww f hJ orkwd oHCmawmf? xdo k C H mawmfax&f t&Sijf rwftaygif;udk vnf;aumif;? tmp&d,Oö=i,fpOfawmifaus; uav;b0u ,aeUusatmif qHk;roGefoif yJhjyifawmfrlMuukefaom q&mocifaus;Zl;&Siftaygif;udkvnf;aumif;? tmp&d,Íö- y#dpöorkyÜg'f puf&[wfukd zsufjzwfEikd &f ef opömav;wef "r®reS w f jYkd zifh a0zefoeG ;f NzdK; w&m;rd;k awmfBuD;udk a[mazmfneT Mf um;í oG m ;awmf r l c J h a om aus;Zl ; awmf & S i f t *¾ r [my@d w rd k ; uk w f q &mawmf bk & m;BuD ; ud k v nf ; aumif ; (0g) tmp&d,Oö=rd;k ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ Oyedó,wku Yd kd wpfqifeh mcH rSwo f m;Ny;D awmh tif;pdeNf rKd Ue,f atmifqef;NrKd U rd;k ukw0f yd óem "r®&yd o f m[k urÜn;f qdik ;f bkww f ifum ausmif;awmfBuD;udk <ua&muf vmMuwJh wynfh 'g,um? 'g,dumrtaygif; olawmfaumif; wdu Yk jkd zifh w&m;a&at; tNrdKufaq;jzifh wdu k af uR;í oGm;awmfral om aus;Zl;&Sif b0ewfxyH sv H eG af wmfro l mG ;aom awm&wyfO;D ausmif; q&mawmf t&Sijf rwfukd vnf;aumif;? t[H = q&mhu, kd pf m; arwåmxm;í q&m ajymorQ q&ma[morQ q&mhtvdak wmfusatmif þae&m þXme þ"r® &dyo f mBuD;\ y#dywfomoemawmfjrwfBuD;udk qufvuf xrf;&Guaf e&ygwJh wynfah wmfonf? 0E´mrd = OD;ESrd ½f u kd sdK; rmefuckd sdK;um &Scd ;kd uefawmhvu kd yf g\ bk&m;/ (om"k? om"k? om"k ygbk&m;) bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemjrwfo;kH yg;wdEYk iS w hf uG q&mocif aus;Zl;&Sit f aygif;wk\ Yd *kPaf wmfaus;Zl;awmf wef c d k ; awmf t eEå w d k Y u d k j zif h OD ; ES d r f ½ d k u sd K ; rmef u d k c sd K ;í &S d c d k ; yl a Zmf zl ; ajrmf r mef f a vQmh uef a wmh í ,aeU þw&m;yGJtcrf;tem;BuD; pwifzGifhvSpfNyD;wJhaemuf þ 10-&ufpcef; w&m;tm;xkwfylaZmfyGJBuD; ,ckuJhodkY jzpf a jrmuf v m&jcif ; rS m vnf ; yJ jrwf p G m bk & m;ocif ud k , f a wmf j rwf B uD ; y&d e d A Á m ef p H 0 if a wmf r l N yD ; wJ h a emuf jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; a[mMum;oGm;awmfrlcJhwJh okwf? 0denf;? tbd"r®m "r®uE© ¨maygif;&Spaf omif;av;axmifwu Ykd jkd zifh bk&m; r&SNd yD;wJah emuf bk&m;om;awmf oHCmawmft&Sijf rwfwo Ydk nf 6-Budrw f ikd w f ikd f o*Fg,em wifNyD;awmh ,aeUwdik af tmif o,faqmifí vmawmfrcl MhJ uygw,f/ oHCmawmft&SifjrwfawG o,faqmifvmawmfrlcJhwJh yd#uwf ygVdawmfawGudkjzifh aus;Zl;awmf&Sif t*¾r[my@dw rd;k ukwq f &mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf ygVdawmfawGukd avhvmNyD;awmh ygVdawmfawGukd n§dEdIif;NyD; 1

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2

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1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 3-&uf (26.8.2002) nae earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor orÁÁK' K'¨ K '¨ó

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tusOf;csHK;vdu k w f t hJ cgrSmawmh okwf 0denf; tbd"r®mayghAsm/ bmwJv h /J (okwf 0denf; tbd"r®m)/ 'gudk w&m;ud, k f aumufvu kd af wmh t"dov D t"dpw d å t"dynm 3-ck ygyJ/ tusO;f csKUH vdu k w f mayghaemf/ tJ'gudk tus,cf sUJ vdu k af wmh "r®uE© ¨maygif; &Spaf omif; av;axmif r&Sb d ;l vm;/ at;-- 'Dawmh aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u tus,fukd tusOf;av; vkyNf yD;awmh tcsdew f w kd ekd UJ vd&k if;av; a&mufatmif 'um? 'umrawGukd aus;Zl;jyKoGm;w,f/ tJ'gudk bke;f BuD;wdu Yk avhvmrdorQ rSwo f m;rdorQ 'um? 'umrawGukd xyfqifí h wdu k w f eG ;f &if;eJU wwfEikd o f rQ nTe;f ay;rSm jzpfygw,faemf/ (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh ,aeU w&m;pcef;yGrJ mS ,ckpNyD;awmh ,aeUbke;f BuD; oifwef;p a[mwJah eUuae (10)&uf pcef;NyD;wJt h xdwikd af tmifawmhjzifh bke;f BuD;wdÓYk mPfeUJ 'Davmufus,f0ef;wJh w&m;udk ra[mEdik b f ;l / bke;f BuD;wdYk ÓmPfvnf;rrSDbl;/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh us,f0ef;wJh w&m;udk;/ tifrwef us,f0ef;wJh w&m;jzpfw,f/ &Sit f meE´mud, k af wmfjrwfukd jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD;u cyfv, G v f , G rf xifeUJ vdUk twm;cH&wJw h &m;yJ/ tJ'g wjcm;r[kwb f ;l / y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;/ bmw&m;ygvdr/fh (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f w&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwdkYw&m;em&r,fqdkawmh 'gew&m;vnf; em&rSmyJ? oDvw&m;vnf;em&rSmyJ? orxw&m;awGvnf; em&rSmyJ? 0dyóem w&m;vnf; em&rSmyJ/ tJ'w D &m;awG tukev f ;kH emEdik zf t Ykd wGuu f kd tajccH ta&;tBuD;qH;k w&m;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;vm;/ (y#dpö orkygÜ 'fw&m;ygbk&m;)/ odjYk zif&h if y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f w&m;udrk em&if 'um? 'umrawG twGuu f tqifrajybl;/ bmaMumifv h q J akd wmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f w&m;qdw k m[m ud, k t hf aMumif; ud, k af jymwJw h &m;? ud, k t hf aMumif;ud, k f odww hJ &m;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f ,ckvdk oifwef;awGudk emw,f? a[mw,fqdkwmu olrsm;taMumif;ajymwmvm;? ud, k t hf aMumif;ud, k af jymwmvm;/ (ud, k hf taMumif;ud, k af jymwmygbk&m;)/ t&yfom;wpfO;D wpfa,muf taeeJU]][m-- ud, k t hf aMumif;ud, k o f w d maygh? vlwikd ;f ud, k t hf aMumif; ud, k o f w d m aygh/ t&Sib f &k m; a[mrSvm;/}}a[m/ ud, k t hf aMumif;ud, k f odwmu tay:,H aMumodwhJ tody/J wu,fh bk&m;tvdak wmfusodwhJ tod[w k &f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;bk&m;)/ tvum;ajymwm/ ud, k t hf aMumif; ud, k o f w d ,fqw kd m/q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D ajymwmu cifAsm;wdu Yk ud, k [ hf mud, k rf eS ;f awmh t&yfxJ awmh vlvnfvyk af ew,fw/hJ ud, k u hf , kd u f kd bmjzpfvYkd jzpfreS ;f odwhJ yk*Kd¾ vf awG r[kwb f ;l wJ/h 'gavmuf twJeh wJh yk*Kd¾ vfawGwahJ emf/ tcktcsdeu f srS bke;f BuD;qDa&mufvm? bke;f BuD;rdv Yk Ykd cifAsm;wdu Yk kd aya[maewm -- a[m/ q&mawmf 'Dvq kd ;kH rwm/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fodw,f rodbl;qdkwmudk q&mawmf BuD; b,fvdkrdefUoGm;vJ? 'g bke;f BuD;ÓmPfeUJ a[mwm r[kwb f ;l aemf/ (rSev f yS g bk&m;)/ 'um? 'umrawG cifAsm;wdu Yk kd ar;vdu k rf ,fq&kd if 'g -- q&mawmf xyfwvJvJa[mwm bkef;BuD;owd&wmav; jyefajymjy aewm/ b,foleJUaevJqdk&if wynfah wmfwb Ykd &k m; -- td;k tdr&f w dS o hJ u l td;k tdref UJ aew,fvaYkd jymwmwJ?h om;orD;&Sw d o hJ u l om;orD;eJU? rdb&Sw d hJ yk*Kd¾ vfu rdbeJU? aqGeUJ rsdK;eJU b,foel UJ b,f0geJU/ avmu orkwd taeeJU rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,fb&k m;)/ rSeyf gw,f? rrSm;ygbl;/ ud, k u f 'gyJov d Ykd 'gyJajymwmav/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,fb&k m;) 'Dvdkjzifh rdbeJUaewJh yk*¾dKvfu rdbeJUwpfoufvHk;aevdkY&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;aemf/ pNyD; tl0q J u kd wnf;u rdbeJUaewm/ a[m--tcsdew f ef t&G,af &mufawmh olUtawmiftcuftvufpakH wmh rysH bl;vm;/ (ysyH gw,fb&k m;)/ rdbeJUaevd&Yk ao;&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ wpfoufv;kH aevdrYk &bl;/ cPav;yJaewm/ aeygqdv k nf; 'um? 'umrawG aeEdik yf ghrvm;/ (raeEdik yf gbl;bk&m;)/ tckyJ ud, k ahf qGrsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawG ud, k u hf , kd u f ykd J ar;Munf/h raeEdik v f v Ykd J rdb&ifciG u f cGx J u G v f m Muwm r[kwb f ;l vm;/ ESpaf ygif;udk renf;bl;/ qdv k w kd mu wpfoufv;kH aevdYk r&bl;vdaYk jymwm/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'aD wmh rdbeJUwpfoufv;kH aevdrYk &awmh a[m -- 'Dvjkd zifh om;orD;awGeUJ aejyefw,f/ qdMk uygpdUk ? om;orD;awGaum wpfoufv;kH aevd&Yk &JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ ud, k v f nf;yJ rdb&ifciG u f tawmif tcuftvuf 7

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yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

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vkyfaqmifcsufwnfhygap b,favmufxd q&mta&;BuD;vJqakd wmh bke;f BuD;wd&Yk UJ ckeajym cJw h hJ t&Sio f m&dyw k å&m ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD; tavmif;awmf Oywdó? Oywdó qdw k mu wu,fo h al wmfaumif;BuD;? aemufq;kH awmh 'um? 'umrawG w&m;vdck sifveG ;f vdYk [dk &mZN*dK[frmS yGMJ unfah e&if;eJU oHa0* &NyD; awmxGuo f mG ;wm? olUZmwfvrf;uayghaemf/ awmxGuo f mG ;wm wjcm; vdck sifvv Ykd m;? edAÁmefvckd sifvv Ydk m;/ (edAÁmefvckd sifvyYkd gbk&m;)/ OywdóeJU aumvdw 12

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atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

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atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG od&UJ vm;/ (rodygbl; bk&m;)/ rodb;l / bke;f BuD;wdYk tm;vH;k aom 'um? 'umrawGukd rqdx k m;eJU? Oywdóqdw k hJ t&Sio f m&dyw k å&mtavmif;awmifryS J wu,f 'Db0 &[EÅmjzpfr,fh yk*Kd¾ vfBuD;/ enf;vrf;? pnf;urf;? rodvYkd csmvnf csmvnfeUJ olUcrsm jzpfaewmav/ raeUwke;f u 'gav;pcJw h ,f r[kwf bl;vm;/ tJvdk 'Davmuf ynmt&mrSm {w'*f &r,fhyk*¾dKvfBuD;/ yGifhvk yGifhqJ jzpfaewJh yk*¾dKvfBuD;awmifrSyJ enf;vrf;? pnf;urf; rodwJhtwGuf csmvnfcsmvnf vnfaewmaemf/ &SiftóZdeJU awGUvdkYaygh/ rawGU&if b,favmufxd csmvnfaeOD;rvJqw kd m a,m*DwYkd pOf;pm;Munfph rf;/ tJ'gu enf;vrf;pnf;urf;udk bmjzpfvv Ykd /J (rodvyYkd gbk&m;)/ tJ'eD nf;vrf;? pnf;urf;udk ,ck vG,v f , G u f u l l rem&bl;vm;/ (em&ygw,f bk&m;)/ rodwphJ um;vH;k r&Sb d ;l aemf/ [m bmajymvdu k yf gvdrrhf ,f/ ajymawmh ajymw,f/ igem;rvnfb;l qdw k m r&Sad vmufatmif aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;rdeUf awmfro l mG ;w,faemf/ tJ'v D kd rdeUf awmfro l mG ;wJh pum;vH;k awGukd rodwmr&Sad vmufatmif wpfv;kH ajymwpfv;kH od? ESpv f ;kH ajymESpv f ;kH od? rSwrf w d m rrSwrf w d mawmh wpfyikd ;f xm; BudK;pm;&rSmaygh/ odwmudk aus;Zl;jyKw,faemf/ wpfv;kH ajym&if wpfv;kH odw,f/ ESpv f ;kH ajym&if ESpv f ;kH odw,f/ tJ'v D kd odzq Ykd w kd mu vG,yf ghrvm;/ (rvG,yf gbl;)/ yd#uwf oH;k yHk tifrwef eufecJ ufco J rd af rGUwJh w&m;awG odzrYkd vG,yf gbl;/ tJ'v D kd rvG,w f w hJ &m; awGukd bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um 'umrawG ,aeU vG,v f , G u f u l l odciG &hf wm[m uHrxl;vdv Yk m;? uHx;l vdv Yk m;/ (uHx;l vdyYk gbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifh ckajymaewJh 0dyóemqkw d hJ w&m;[mvnf;yJ bk&m;wpfq?l wpfqyl iG rhf S ay:wJw h &m;jzpfawmh a[m--,aeU 0dyóem w&m;tm;xkw&f w,fqakd wmh a,m*DwYkd oEÅmefrmS bk&m;yGio hf vdk rcHpm;& bl;vm;/ (cHpm;&ygw,fb&k m;)/ aMomf--igwdYk bk&m;yGiahf eygvm;? &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'Dvdk bk&m;yGifhovdkygvm;vdkY 'Dvdk &ifxJrSm 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpf&wmu 0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwzf t Ykd wGuu f kd bmw&m;emMuvdv Yk /J (y#dpö orkygÜ 'fw&m;ygbk&m;)/ odjYk zifh 0dyóemw&m;udk bmaMumifh a&SUwef;wif &wmvJqdk&if edA Ámefudk aus;Zl;jyKEdkifwJh teD;uyfqHk;w&m;onf b,folvJ/ (0dyóemw&m;ygbk&m;)/ 0d y óemwJ h / jyef a jymygOD ; r,f / ck e bk e f ; BuD ; 'gew&m;y,f w m ygvm;/ (rygygbl ; bk & m;)/ oDvw&m;y,fwmygvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ orxw&m;y,fwm ygvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ odaYk omf ,ck bmudk OD;pm;ay; a[maewmvJ/ (0dyóemw&m;ygbk&m;)/ ta&;rBuD;vdv Yk m;/ ta&;BuD; vdv Yk m;/ (ta&;BuD;vdyYk gbk&m;)/ 'gaMumifhrdkU ta&;BuD;wJhtvkyfudk jrefjref qefqef a&S;OD;pGm a&SUwef;wifrS 'um? 'umrawG jrefjrefqefqefvyk v f Ykd &rSm/ bmjzpfvYkd a&SUwef;wifNyD; ta&;wBuD; ajymae&wmvJqakd wmh bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrwdYk &&Sw d hJ cE¨mu Nidraf ewJh cE¨mvm;? oGm;aewJh cE¨mvm;/ (oGm;aewJh cE¨mygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; rdeUf awmfrw l phJ um;eJUajym&if ocsØKif;oGm;aewmyJ/ b,fomG ;aeMu wmvJ/ (ocsØKif;oGm;aeMuwmygbk&m;)/ tck w&m;a[mwJh bke;f BuD; b,fomG ;&if;a[m (ocsØKif;oGm;&if; a[mwmyg bk&m;)/ w&m;emwJh 'um? 'umrawGvnf; b,fomG ;&if;emae wmvJ/ (ocsØKif;oGm;&if;emaewmygbk&m;)/ ud, k u hf , kd u f kd 'um? 'umrawG ayghayghwefwefav;eJU aysmfaysmf&iT &f iT f vkyrf aeprf;ygeJUaemf? q&mawmf rdeUf oGm;wm/ ocsØKif;oGm;aewJh cE¨mrdv Yk /Ykd tJ'g tD;a&m tD;a&m ayghayghqq eJUrsm; awmf½w kH ef½u kH pd aö wGukd OD;pm;ay;NyD; 'Dta&;BuD;wJu h pd v ö w G o f mG ;vdYk ocsØKif;rsm; jrefjrefa&mufomG ;&if (0g) aooGm;r,fq&kd if rembl;vm;/ (emygw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dvb kd 0rsdK; aemufjyef&zdYk rpOf;pm;eJU/ ausmufcaJ &uswJah emf/ q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; tifrwef u½kPmeJU qH;k roGm;wm/ ausmufcaJ &us ay:½d;k xH;k pH &S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ b,fawmhrS ray:awmhb;l / &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'gaMumifh tckvkd tcsdeaf umif; tcgaumif; tcGiahf umif;eJUMuHKwJh tcsdef tcgrSm ta&;BuD;qH;k jzpfwhJ "r®&wem a[m'D0yd óemw&m;udk 'um? 'umrawG OD;pm;ray;vdu Yk kd r&bl;/ (rSev f yS g)/ 17

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atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

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(0g) jzpf? ysuu f jkd rifwmaygh/ jzpf? ysuu f kd jrifwm/ ½Iawmh ½Ivu kd w f ,f/ ½kyf Munfv h nf; tysujf rifwm/ emrfMunfv h nf; tysufjrifwmyJ/ odaYk omf tJ'jD zpfysufuo kd m ol jrifjrifaew,f/ jzpf? ysuf r&Sw d mudk olrjrifb;l jzpfaew,f/ tJ'aD wmh jzpfysufawGu aysmuf aysmuf aysmufomG ;w,fqw kd hJ tcgusawmh [m &ifxrJ mS vnf; at;ceJ? at;ceJ eJU/ at;ceJ qd&k ifawmh ½ky?f emrfawGr&Sad wmhb;l qd&k if igbm tm;ud;k &yghrvJqw kd m wjcm;vm;? 'd|v d m;/ ('d|yd gbk&m;)/ 0dyóemqdw k m wjcm;jzKwf&rSmvm;? 'd|jd zKwf& rSmvm;/ ('d|jd zKwf&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh 0dyóem tm;xkwaf omfvnf; edAÁmefrjrifb;l ? 'um? 'umrawG/ bmjzpfvYkd edAÁmefrjrifvq J akd wmh 'd|d jyefjyef0ifaevd/Yk bm-- jyefjyef0ifaewmvJ/ ('d|yd gbk&m;)/ oów'd|?d twå'|d ad emf/ tif;- igbmrsm; tm;ud;k &yghrvJ qdak wmh [drk mS wpfcgwnf; oów'd|d twå'|d d jyefjyefr0ifb;l vm;/ 'Dawmh ½ky?f emrfawG&UJ tedpw ö \ Ykd ysuf? ysufomG ;wJt h cg usawmh &ifxrJ mS at;ceJ? at;ceJ olcpH m;ae&wm/ tJ'aD wmhrS 'd|u d igbmrsm; tm;ud;k &yghrvJ? 'gawGr&S&d if b,fvv kd yk f tm;ud;k &yghrvJqakd wmh 'd|u d jyef? jyefr0ifb;l vm;/ tJ'v D kd 0ifaevdYk 'um? 'umrawG edAÁmefray:wm/ 'g q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; 'Dtwkid ;f a[moGm;wm/ &Si;f NyaD emf/ tJ'gaMumifrh v Ykd Ykd &Siq f Eévkd bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um 'umrawG jzpfrmS pd;k vdYk q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u owday;&Smawmfrw l ,f/ &Siq f EéEpS af ygif; 40-ausmf tm;xkwo f mG ;wm/ a,m*Dwu Ykd aemufEpS af ygif; 40-ausmftm;xkwEf ikd yf ghrvm;/ (tm;rxkwf Edik yf gbl;bk&m;)/ pum;av; >cif;csufawmh ajymrS aumif;r,f/ rao&ifawmh tm;xkwf Edik rf mS ayghAsm/ aooGm;&ifawmh rwwfEikd b f ;l / odaYk omf aemufEpS af ygif; 40-rajymeJU/ reufjzefaorvm;? bmrvm; qdw k m tmrcHv&Ykd yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ taZÆ0 udpöH tmwyÜH? aum Znm r&PH oka0/ r[maoaee rpöKem? aum [d Zanm ya&mod,m/ jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; a[mawmfrlcJhwJhtwdkif; aojcif; w&m;eJU csdef;csufxm;wmr&Sd/ csde;f csufxm;wm r&Sad omaMumifh rdrjd yK&r,fh 'ge? oDv? bm0em ukov kd af umif;rIawGukd reufjzef rqkid ;f eJU/ ,ckbmvky&f rSm/ 0dyóemtm;xkwrf ,f/ [dv k Ul wdik yf ifr,f? 'DvUl wdik yf ifr,f vkyrf aeeJU/ wdik yf ifvYkd ysufomG ;vdYk tm;rxkwjf zpf&if b,feUJ vkyrf vJ/ odyt f a&;BuD;w,faemf/ tJ'aD wmh 0dyóemtm;xkww f m reufqikd ;f &rSmvm;? ,ck tm;xkw&f rSmvm;/ (,cktm;xkw&f rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ,aeU edAÁmefudk jrifcsif&if ,aeU 'um? 'umrawG jrifEdkifatmif BudK;pm;&rSmayghaemf/ enf;vrf;? pnf;urf;twdik ;f tm;xkwaf emf/ cdw k m? uyfwmawG vkyrf aeeJU/ tcsdepf m&if;twdik ;f BudK;BudK;pm;pm; tvkyfvkyf/ udavom Mum;cdk&if 'um? 'umrawG &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ udavom Mum;rcdk&if reuftm;xkw&f if nae&w,f/ nae tm;xkw&f if reuf&w,f/ at;? tJ'v D kd tm;xkw&f if enf;vrf;pnf;urf;u eHygwf(1) wjcm; vky&f rSmvm;? 0dyóemvky&f rSmvm;/ (0dyóemvky&f rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh 0dyóemudk 'Dtwdik ;f tm;xkwaf evsuef UJ &Siq f Eé bmjzpfvYkd edAmÁ efrjrifwmvJ qdkawmh 'kAÁv0dyóem jzpfaevdkY/ 'kAÁv0dyóem wJh/ pmvdkajymawmh enf;enf;rSwf& cufoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ jrefrmvdk rSwv f u kd f a,m*Dw/Ykd tm;enf; aom 0dyóem jzpfaevdw Yk /hJ &Siq f Eécrsm 0dyóemuawmh tm;xkww f ,f/ bm0dyóem jzpfaewmvJ/ (tm;enf;wJh 0dyóem)/ [kwNf yD/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if 0dyóemqdw k m wpfrsdK;wnf;r[kwb f ;l / tm;enf;wm&S&d if tm;rsm;wm r&Sb d ;l vm;/ ed,mrw&m;? enf;wm &S&d if rsm;wmvnf;&Sw d ,f/ tarSmif&&dS if tvif;&Sw d ,faemf/ aumif;wm &S&d if raumif;wm&Sw d ,f/ enf;wm&S&d if rsm;wm&Sw d ,f/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if 'DrmS u 0dyóemu tm;enf;aom0dyóemqdak wmh? [m-'Dvq kd akd wmh tm;enf;aom 0dyóem&S&d if tm;BuD;aom 0dyóemaum r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ tJ'aD wmh &Siq f Eé tm;xkwaf ewJ0h yd óemu bm0dyóem jzpfrvJ/ (tm;enf;aom0dyóemygbk&m;)/ 19

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

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yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

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yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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23

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atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

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26

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jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mxm;wm&Sdw,f/ t&Sif&m[kvmudk ]]cspfom;wJh -- "mwfav;yg; cE¨mxJ Munfhprf;uG/ rdrcd E¨mxJrmS &Sw d hJ "mwfav;yg;udk &Si;f oGm;&if wpfavmuvH;k u xdUk twlygyJ}}wJ/h 'Dvkd rdeUf awmfrw l ,faygh/ bke;f BuD;wdYk y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fqw kd mvnf; olrsm;taMumif; ajymwmvm;? ud, k hf taMumif;ud, k Mf unf&h rSmvm;/ (ud, k t hf aMumif; ud k , f M unf h & rS m ygbk & m;)/ ud k , f h t aMumif ; ud k , f M unf h a wmh ud k , f h t aMumif ; ud k , f j rif w ,f ? ud k , f h taMumif;ud, k o f w d ,fayghaemf/ ud, k t hf aMumif; ud, k o f &d if wpfavmuvH;k udk jrifNyD;om;jzpfygw,f a,m*Dw/Ykd 'Dvjkd zif&h if ud, k t hf aMumif;ud, k f ½kyef UJ ywfoufvMYkd unf&h if ½kyrf mS 28-yg;wGif "mwfav;yg;r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh rdrcd E¨mud, k rf mS &Sw d hJ "mwf 4-yg;awGukd jrifatmif Munfv h u kd v f Ykd jrifomG ;NyDq&kd if wpfavmuvH;k udk Munfch sio f vdMk unfh 'um? 'umrawG rsupf rd w dS Mf unfMh unf?h rsupf zd iG hf MunfMh unf?h Munfch sio f vdMk unfh rjrifEikd b f ;l vm;/ (jrifEikd yf gw,f)/ wpf avmuvH;k udk xd;k azmufjrifEikd w f myJ/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd t&Siaf um@nBuD; tmavmaum O'yg'd jzpfomG ;wm wpfavmuvH;k xd;k azmufNyD;awmh csufcsif;jrifomG ;wmaemf/ tJ'g wjcm;jrifvv Ykd m;? cE¨mudjk rifvv Ykd m;/ (cE¨mudk jrifvyYkd gbk&m;)/ tJ'g ud, k chf E¨m udk jrifatmifMunfhwJh w&m;udk bkef;BuD;wdkY ,aeU aMunmxm;wmu y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;wJh/ bmw&m;ygvJ/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;ygbk&m;)/ reufu w&m;pOfcNhJ yaD emf/ tJ'D cE¨y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f w&m;udek m;vnf&if ouúm, 'd|jd yKwfr,f/ cE¨y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd em;vnf&if bmjyKwfr,f/ (ouúm,'d|d jyKwfygr,fb&k m;)/ odjYk zif&h if 'd|rd jyKwf&if odyaf Mumufp&m aumif;w,f/ bmjzpfvYkd 'd|rd jyKwf&if aMumufp&maumif;ovJqw kd m reufuvnf; 'Da'oempOf vnf; bke;f BuD; &Gwjf yoGm;w,f [kwv f m;/ owå, d m 0d, Morawåm qdw k m/ 'D 'd|rd jyKwfvq Ykd &kd if rdrw d &Ykd ifxrJ mS i&JrsdK;aph&adS ew,f/ bmrsdK;aph (i&JrsdK;aph)/ rsdK;aphqw kd m 'um? 'umrawG ajreJU a&eJU awGU&if tyifaygufrmS yJ/ 'd|u d rsdK;apheUJ wlw,f/ i&JrsdK;aph/ tJ'rD sdK;aphukd t0dZÆmqdw k hJ ajray:rSm wPSma&av;rsm;yufzsef;vdu k &f if 'dik ;f qdk tyg,fav;yg; tyif aygufrmS aygh/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG rsdK;u rsdK;uef;oGm;NyD vkq Yd &kd if a&avmif;csifoavmufavmif; tyifaygufO;D rSmvm;/ (rayguf ygbl;)/ b,favmuf ajrMoZmawGeUJ yJpu kd pf u kd f tyifaygufygOD;rvm;/ (rayguf ygbl;bk&m;)/ rsdK;uef;oGm;vd/Yk tJ'rD sdK;uef;oGm;&if tyifraygufawmhb;l qkad wmh rsdK;qdw k m wpfjcm;ajymwmvm;? 'd|ad jymwmvm;/ ('d|yd gbk&m;)/ 'um? 'umrawG &ifxrJ mS vlwikd ;f ? vlwikd ;f ykxZk OfreS o f rQ 'd|q d w kd hJ i&JrsdK;aph&w dS ,f/ tJ'D i&JrsdK;aphukd bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG wjcm; vky&f rSmvm;/ y,f&rSmvm;/ (y,f&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 'd|u d kd owf&rSmaemf/ 'd|o d wfEikd zf t Ykd wGuu f kd bmudek m;vnf&r,f/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd em;vnf&ygr,f)/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;vnf&if ouúm,'d|u d kd y,fEikd af omf vnf;yJ todeUJ aemf/ oów Oapä' y,fEikd yf ghrvm;/ ry,fEikd b f ;l wJah emf/ aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; rdeUf awmfro l mG ;wm bmaMumifv h J qd&k if 'd|q d w kd m wjcm;rSmuyfwmvm;? cE¨mrSmuyfwmvm;/ (cE¨mrSm uyfwmyg bk&m;)/ þum;½kyf þum;emrfqw kd hJ ½kyef UJ emrfuo kd &d if ouúm,'d|d uawmh y,fEikd w f ,fxm;/ odaYk omf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'feUJ aMumif;usdK;qufukd em;rvnfvYkd &S&d if oów Oapä' Nidaew,f/ tJ'v D kd oów Oapä'NidaevdYk 0dyóem tm;xkwcf ahJ omf bm0dyóem (tm;enf;aom 0dyóemygbk&m;)/ bke;f BuD;wdYk reufu w&m;pOfNyD;NyDaemf/ 'Dawmh oów Oapä'udk q&mhxrH mS todÓmPf eJU rjzKwfbeJ UJ tm;xkwcf ahJ omf bm0dyóem (tm;enf;aom 0dyóem)/ tm;enf;aom0dyóemonf ukov kd af wmh &w,f/ edAÁmefawmh (r&Edik b f ;l )/ 'Dawmh tck a,m*Dwu Ykd tcsdew f w kd akd v;eJU td;k ypf? tdryf pf tqif;&J tyifyef;cHvmwm bmudv k ckd sifMuvdv Yk /J (edAÁmefukd vdck sifvyYkd g bk&m;)/ odjYk zifh edAÁmefukd aorSjrif&rSmvm;? ,ckjrif&rSmvm;/ (,ck jrif& rSmygbk&m;)/ tifrwefrS vufawGUuswJh odyÜHenf;uswJh? Ak'¨w&m;awmf jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk vufawGUjrifEdkifwJhtwGuf tajccHem;vnf&rSm bmudk 28

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

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udk,frodwmawG 'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk tm;vHk;a,m*DwdkY puf0dkif;udkMunfhMuyg/ oifwef;pygawmhr,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh tay:yd'k u f akd wmh tomxm;vdu k Of ;D / tay:yd'k u f kd aemufrS &Si;f r,f/ atmuf tyd'k u f av;udk t&ifomG ;r,faemf/ atmuftyd'k rf mS tm;vH;k aom a,m*Drsm; qDrmS vnf; pm&Guu f av;awG ud, k pf u D , kd if S &Syd gw,f/ uJ--tJ'aD wmh rlvESpjf zmudk nDwn l mwl qdv k u kd f r,f/ rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;udk,frsm;ESifh oHk;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?

0#foHk;0ESifh? umvoHk;jzm? jcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS vG w f a Mumif ; wnf ; / 'gu 'Dpuf0dkif;a'oemawmfudk oifzdkY twGufvuFmaemf/ tJ'D vuFmav;udk axmuf? axmufNyD; 'Dpuf0ikd ;f udak xmufvu kd &f if ud, k chf E¨m taMumif;ay:vmwmaygh/ ud, k t hf aMumif;awG ud, k o f v d mwmaygh/ bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG wpfoufv;kH wpfoo H &mvH;k u ud, k hf taMumif;ud, k f &dyu f kd r&dyrf Md uvk/Yd &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ ud, k t hf aMumif;ud, k f odzrYkd ajymeJU/ &dyu f kd r&dyrf Md uvdYk wpfoo H &mvH;k rSm tyg,feUJ aecJMh u&wmyJaygh/ pwåma&m tyg,m oua*[o'dom qdw k m 'Dopömw&m;awG (0g) 'D y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f w&m;awGurkd odwhJ yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;\ aejrJtrd o f nf tyg,f av;yg;ud;k / bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG tck vlUb0a&mufvmwm tifrwef uHaumif;vdaYk emf/ tcktcsdecf grSm 'Dvw kd &m;awG rodbeJ UJ jyefNyD; awmh 'Db0rSm aojcif;eJU &ifqidk o f mG ;Mur,fq&dk if wjcm;jyef o G m ;rS m vm;/ tyg,f j yef o G m ;rS m vm;/ (tyg,f j yef o G m ;rS m ygbk & m;)/ tJ ' D a wmh tm;vH k ; aom aqGawmfrsdK;awmfrsm;udk txl;owday;csifwmu i&J? wd&pämef? Nydwmå ? tol&um,fqw kd hJ tyg,f av;bHu k rdrw d &Ykd UJ tjrJwrf;aewJt h rd Bf uD;/ tck vlUb0a&mufwt hJ rd u f cPav;aewm/ wpfoufv;kH awmif ae&csifrS ae&rSm/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ tck vuf&adS ewJh tdru f aum a[m -- 'Dtrd rf BudKufvYkd 'Dxuf aumif;wJt h rd af v;wpfv;kH aqmufr,fq&kd if a[m--'Dtrd x f m;NyD;? a[m aemuftrd o f mG ;aeaum/ wpfoufv;kH rae&awmhb;l qdw k hJ t"dygÜ ,faemf/ tckvUl b0udk a&mufvmwJh tdru f acwå ,m,Daewm/ tJawmh acwå,m,DaewJt h rd Bf uD;udk bke;f BuD;wkYd 'um? 'umrawG 29

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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pGaJ evdaYk wmh rjzpfz;l aemf/ trav;--av;? tJ'D tdrBf uD; rsm; pGaJ o&if uRwfygh rvm;/ (ruRwfygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if tdraf qmuf rdwmawmifcufNyD/ bke;f BuD;ajymyHq k &fkd ifawmh/ 'gayr,fh rcufygeJU rcufygeJU/ temeJUaq; udu k af tmifay;? aysmufa&;rcufyg qdo k vd?k tem&S&d ifawmh aq;&Sw d maygh/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;vnf&rSmvm;/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;vnf &rS m ygbk & m;)/ y#d p ö o rk y Ü g 'f em;vnf & if tJ ' D v d k o H k ; pG J a e&if ; eJ U ud k ed A Á m ef u d k jrif E k d i f y gw,f / b,favmuf0rf;omp&maumif;vJaemf/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'g wjcm;odvdkYvm;/ udk,fhtaMumif;udk,fodvdkYvm;/ (ud, k t hf aMumif;ud, k f odvyYkd gbk&m;)/ rlvESpjf zmqdw k m a,m*Dopfrsm; OD;pm;ay;&Si;f r,faemf/ a[m'D tv,facgifu (t0dZÆmeJU wPSmygbk&m;/) tm;vH;k ajzyg a,m*Dw/Ykd 'Doifwef;qdw k mu em;axmifaumif;atmif a[mvdrYk &bl;/ tm;vH;k rSwrf o d mG ;atmifaygh/ &ifxrJ mS toJxrJ mS pGo J mG ;atmifaygh/ rlvESpjf zm qdw k mbmygvdr/hf (t0dZÆmeJU wPSmygbk&m;)/ a[m'D tv,facgifu t0dZÆmeJU wPSmaemf -[kwv f m;/ opömESpcf u k (ork',opöm? 'kuo © pöm)/ topfawGrv Ykd Ykd bke;f BuD;aus;Zl;jyKaewmaemf/ a,m*Da[mif;awGqkd axmufraebl;/ bke;f BuD; wef;a[mvdu k w f myJ/ ckeajymwJh rlvESpjf zmqdw k m t0dZÆmeJU wPSmqdw k mu? ckrS 'Dpum;vH;k BuD;awG a&;xm;wm jrif&w,f/ tJ'gu olrsm;taMumif; ajym aewmvm;? udk,fhtaMumif;udk,fajymaewmvm;/ (udk,fhtaMumif;udk,f ajymaewmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmeJU wPSmqdw k m vufpowfawmh ud, k t hf aMumif; ud, k af jymaewmud;k / odaYk omf ud, k t hf aMumif;ud, k af jymaewmudk rodwm/ rodwm/ tckawmh a,m*DwYkd odciG &hf NyaD emf/ opömESpcf u k bmeJUbmeJUvJ/ (ork',opöm? 'kuo © pömygbk&m;)/ aemufwpfcu k av;cktvTmqdo k nfrmS uJqkd twdwt f aMumif; wpfvmT ? ypöKyÜet f usdK; wpfvmT ? ypöKyÜet f aMumif; wpfvmT ? tem*wftusdK;wpfvmT / aemuf t*Fgwpfq,hEf pS yf g;wJ/h uJ t*Fgwpfq,fEh pS yf g;ukd axmufay;r,f/ tm;vk;H ajymMu/ t0dZÆm? ocFg&? 0dnmPf? emrf½yk ?f oVm,we? zó? a0'em? wPSm? Oyg'gef? ur®b0? Zmwd? Z&m? r&Pygbk&m;)/ t*Fgwpfq,fEh pS yf g;/ ESp&f yfrv l tomxm;vdu k /f 0#fo;kH 0ESiq hf akd wmh 'DrmS qd?k udavo0#f? ur®0#f?

0dygu0#f/ 'DawmhrS udavo0#f b,fEpS yf g;vJqakd wmhrS b,fvakd jymrvJ/ (3-yg;yg bk&m;)/ ur®0#fu b,fEpS yf g;vJq&kd if (2-yg; ygbk&m;)/ 0dygu0#fu b,fEpS yf g;vJq&kd if (8-yg;ygbk&m;)/ [drk mS 8-yg;aemf/ [d;k xdyq f ;kH rSm a&;xm;w,f/ &Spyf g;/ udavo0#foHk;yg;udk ajymygqdkawmh (t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gefyg bk&m;)/ 'DrSmaemf a,m*DwdkY 'DrSm jrm;qGx J m;w,faemf/ udavo0#f 3-yg;rSm 'Djrm;u'Dvq kd if;w,f/ 'Djrm;u 'Dvq dk if;vmw,faemf/ t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef? 'Do;kH ckukd bm0#fvaYkd c:vJ/ (udavo0#fygbk&m;)/ odjYk zifh udavo0#fu b,fEpS yf g; (oH;k yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'o D ;kH yg;u b,foal wGygvdrhf (t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gefygbk&m;)/ a[m 'DbufMunfv h u kd af wmh ur®0#fu b,fEpS yf g; (ESpyf g;ygbk&m;)/ ESpyf g;u b,foel UJ b,fol (ocFg&eJU 30

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Aka'¨g-opöm 4-yg;ukd odwJholrSAk'¨/urÇmay:rSm&SdorQbk&m;awG Ak'¨vdkY trnfcHvdkY&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ odyaf v;eufwphJ um;vH;k aemf/ aMomf--a[m'Dod'¨w¬rif;om;qdkwJU &Sifbk&ifuaejzpfvmwJh a*gwr jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; wpfqo l mvQif a[m'D urÇmrSm Ak'¨vYkd trnfcw H ,faemf/ 'Db'´urÇmrSm uukoef? aumPm*k?H uóy? a*gwr qkNd yD; bk&m;&Siaf v;qlyiG ahf wmfrw l ,f/ 'D 4-qlaom bk&m;&Siw f Udk onfom Ak't ¨ rnfcv H Udk &ygw,f/ usefwyhJ *k Kd¾ vfawG usefwb hJ &k m;awG Ak'¨vYkd trnfcv H Ykd &&JUvm;/ r&bl;/ odyaf v;eufygw,f/ bmjzpfvYkd Ak'¨vUkd trnfcv H Ykd r&wmvJqakd wmh avmurSm wu,fh ppfreS w f hJ opömqdw k m av;yg;yJ&w dS ,f/ b,fEpS yf g;vJ? (av;yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D opömav;yg;udk tJ'b D &k m;awG rodb;l / rjrifb;l ? em;rvnfb;l ? ud, k rf S rodrjrif em;rvnf&if jyefNyD;awmh a[mvdYk &yghrvm;? (r&ygbl;)/ 'DomoemjyefjyKay;vd&Yk yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ uk, d rf S em;rvnfwm b,fvedk nf;eJUrS jyKvdrYk &bl;/ tJawmh jrwfpmG bk&m; ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD;u tJ'pD pfreS w f w hJ &m;awGukd toufeUJ vJNyD;awmh BudK;pm;NyD;vdYk tm;xkwv f Ykd olu, kd w f idk f opömw&m;udk rjrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,fb&k m;)/ olu, kd w f ikd f opömw&m;udjk rifNyD;wJh tcgusawmhrS owå0g a0ae,swdu Yk kd 'Dtwkid ;f vkyaf [hvUdk tmrcHeUJ a[mwm 'um? 'umrawG a,mif0g;0g; a[mwmvm;? tmrcHeUJ a[mwmvm;/ (tmrcHeUJ a[mwmyg bk&m;)/ ig a[mvdu Yk sifv h mvdYk a[m'Dvkd t&omudk igcHpm;&w,f/ 'D0#fukd iguRwfw,f/ tJ'aD wmh cspfom;? cspforD;wdYk igusifw h hJ usifph Oftwdik ;f 'Dvu kd sifph rf;uGmvdYk wdu k ½f u kd rf a[mbl;vm;/ (a[mygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'g tqH;k traemf/ (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh Ak'¨qw kd m bk&m;qko d w l idk ;f trnfcv H rYkd &bl;/ urÇmay:rSm Ak'¨vUkd trnfcx H u kd w f m ck tm;vH;k aom bke;f BuD;wd?Yk a,m*DwYkd ud;k uG,af ewJh jrwfpmG bk&m;omvQif Ak'¨vt Ykd rnfcx H u kd w f ,f/ tJ'aD wmh ,aeU omoem onf b,folUomoemvJqdk&if Ak'¨omoem? jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU tqHk;traygh/ 'DawmhjrwfpGmbk&m;qHk;rwm b,fEpS rf sdK;qH;k rovJ/ (3-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ oH;k rsdK;u tm;vH;k em;vnfwphJ um;eJUajym&ify&d,wåd omoem? y#dywåd omoem? y#da0"omoem/ y&d , wå d o moemqd k w m "r® u © E ¨ m aygif ; &S p f a omif ; av;axmif u d k oif t H y k d U csaewmuk d y&d,wåo d moemvkaYd c:ygw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m; ud, k af wmf jrwfBuD; av;oacsFeUJ urÇmwpfoed ;f umvywfv;kH yg&rDq,fyg; tjym; oH;k q,fujkd znfv h Ykd bk&m;jzpfomG ;awmh 45-0gumvywfv;kH owå0g a0ae,sawGukd tifrwef tqif;&Jt J yifyef;cHNyD;awmh w&m;awGa[m NyD;awmh ru,fcb hJ ;l vm;/ (u,fcyhJ gw,fb&k m;)/ u,fcyhJ gw,faemf/ edum,f ig;&yf? yd#uwf oH;k oG,af yghaemf/ bk&m;vnf; y&deAd Ámefpo H mG ;a&m ola[mcJw h hJ w&m;awGukd &Sit f meE´mtp&Sw d hJ oHCmawmft&Sijf rwfawGu EIwif akH qmifxm;wm/ bmvkyx f m;wmvJ (EIwif akH qmifxm;wmygbk&m;)/ EIwif akH qmifxm;wm tckvkd pmtkyrf &Sb d ;l / tukeEf w I if akH qmifxm;wJh tJ'w D &m;awGukd yxrOD;qH;k &Sirf [muóy ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD;tBuD;trSL; jyKNyD;awmh o*F g ,emwif &w,f a v/ o*F g ,emwif a wmh r S &S i f t meE´ m u 'gawG j rwf p G m bk & m;u b,f a e&mrS m bmawGa[mcJv h q J w kd m tukev f ;kH jyefNy;D awmh ra[mbl;vm;/ (a[mygw,f)/ tJ'v D akd [mwJt h wGuf tJ'jD rwfpmG bk&m;&JU wynfhjzpfwJh &[EÅmawGcsnf;yJ ig;&muae tJ'gudk jyefNyD;awmh pkaygif;&Gwfqkd o*Fg,em wifcJhwm &[EÅmrax&fBuD;awGcsnf; o*Fg,emrSmyg0ifcv hJ Udk ax&dum o*Fg,em? rax&f 500-ygvkUd yÍöowduo*Fg,emvkUd ac:ygw,f/ tJ'D rax&ftqufqufu qif;oufvmwJ0h g'jzpfvUdk b,fvakd c:wmvJ/ (ax&0g'vdaYk c:ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'D rax&fBuD;awG todtrSwjf yKxm;wJh w&m;udk ax&0g'vdaYk c:w,f/ EdrYk Ukd ax&0g'qdw k m bmac:rSe;f rod jzpfaeOD;r,f/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ 33

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tJ'aD wmh ,aeU'DomoemBuD; ,ckvkd aevdv k vdk jrefrmEdik if rH mS awmufyaewm oHCmawmft&Sijf rwfrsm;&JU aus;Zl;aemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ 'gaMumifh y&d,wfomoem[m bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG toufyAJ s/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'aD wmh tJ'o D moemudk ,aeUapmifah &Smufaewm b,fol awGv/J (oHCmawmfawGyg bk&m;)/ oHCmawmfawG/ tJ'o D C H mawmf awGxrJ mS av 'um? 'umrawG&UJ tdrBf udK tdrMf um;rSm oydwaf v;ydu k Nf y;D qGr;f cHaewJh ud&k ifav;awGygw,faemf/ (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ ,aeU ud&k ifav; awGjzpfNyD; aemufusawmh Edik if aH wmfrmS t"dywd wu,fh wdyd#uaqmif q&mawmfBuD;awGjzpfvmwmyg/ ,aeU wdyd#uaqmifaewJU q&mawmfBuD; awGu tJ'v D u dk &kd ifav;b0uae oydwu f av;ydu k Nf yD;awmh qGr;f cH&if;eJU 'DvBkd uD;vmwm/ OHKzG qdNk yD;jzpfvmwmr[kwb f ;l / &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ 'Dawmh,aeU &yfxJ&GmxJrSm oydwfuav;ydkufNyD; qGrf;cHaewJh omraPav;awG[m tckbkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*Drsm;&JU tm;vHk;aus;Zl;&SifvdkY rSwfvdkufprf;yg? &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ olwdkUawG aqmifvmvdkY y&d,wf vufraxmifEikd w f monf wjcm;omoemvm;? y&d,wf omoemvm;/ (y&d,wfomoemygbk&m;)/ tJ'o D moemudk b,foal pmifh (oHCmawmfawG apmifyh gw,fb&k m;)/ &Si;f NyDaemf? &Si;f NyD/

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atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

tPkjrLAH;k xuf aMumufp&m aumif;wJh vufeufu qDrmS &Sw d ,fwhJ a[m? vmNyD/ tJ'guawmh ckeajymwJh tdraf &SUqGr;f cHomG ;&yfvYkd ]]uefawmhqrG ;f }} qdv k u Ykd tPkjrLAH;k xuf aMumufp&maumif;w,fw/hJ tJ'v D ufeufuawmh tBuD;rm;qH;k vufeufyw J /hJ 'gayr,fh bke;f BuD;wdYk a,m*DawGu 'Dvufeuf roH;k ygbl;aemf/ tif;-- oH;k vnf;roH;k Muygbl;/ oH;k vnf; roH;k MuygeJU/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'D vufeufo;kH vdu k &f ifawmh rvG,b f ;l aemf/ 'g--bke;f BuD;avmurSm ajymwJt h oH wpfoaH yghaemf? &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'g[m wjcm;aMumifh r[kwb f ;l / 'D y&d,wfomoemudk apmifah &SmufaewJh yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;twGuf 'um? 'umrawGbek ;f BuD;wdu Yk aus;Zl;jyKwmyg/ 'Dawmh,aeU 'um? 'umrawGu omoemjyKw,fqakd wmh wynfah wmfwu Ykd y&d,wfomoem b,fvv kd yk f jyKrvJqakd wmh y&d,wf 0efaqmif &[ef; omraP oDv&Siaf v; rsm;ukd qGr;f ? ouFe;f ? ausmif;? aq; ypön;f av;yg; axmufyH hvSL'gef; 'gy&d,wådomoemjyKwm/ 'Dvdk tJ'D q&mawmf? oHCmawmfawGvdk "r®u©E¨maygif; &Spaf omif;av;axmif oifEikd yf gOD;rvm;/ (roifEikd yf gbl;bk&m;)/ tdk -- 'Davmufupd ö 0dpaö wGrsm;aewm ud, k af wmfE, S f 10-&uf pcef;yGaJ wmif renf;BudK;pm;vm&wm? oifzdkYxnfhrajymeJUawmh/ a[m 'DvdkyJvmrSm/ 'DtoHxGufrSm aocsmw,f/ bkef;BuD;uBudKNyD;awmh udk,fpm; ajymay;vdu k w f m/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ b,fv, G v f rd rhf vJ/ aooGm;r,f/ 'Db0 r&awmhb;l / 'Dvjkd zif&h if a[m 'Dae&m uGuv f yfBuD;jzpfomG ;NyD/ 'Domoemrdrrd mS rude;f awmhb;l / vljzpfyg&ufeUJ 'Domoemrude;f bl; qdv k &Ykd &dS if bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawGrmS 'DtcGit hf a&;BuD;awG rqH;k ½H;I bl;vm;/ (qH;k ½H;I ygw,f)/ trav; -- epfemvdu k w f m/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if tck tcsderf mS td;k eJUtdref UJ ykq;kd eJU xbDeUJ qdo k vd?k avmurSmaeNyD; 'Domoem b,fvedk nf;eJUrS rjyKEdik af wmhb;l / rjyKEdik &f if uGuv f yfrjzpfb;l vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/

tqDcyfpm;Muolrsm; tJawmh tJ'DvdkuGufvyfrjzpf&atmif bkef;BuD;wdkY&JU aus;Zl;&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;uav 'um?'umrawGtay: tifrwefBuD;rm;wJh u½kPm"mwfeUJ at;--'dUk 'um? 'umrawG 'Duu G v f yfBuD; rjzpf&atmif uGuv f yfjznfrh ,fqBkd uD; q&mawmfb&k m;onf y&d,wfomoem ude;f oGm;atmif uGuv f yfjznfyh gw,f a,m*Dw/Ykd b,favmuf0rf;omp&m aumif;vJaemf/ tJ'D uGuv f yfjznfw h m wjcm;r[kwb f ;l / [dk omraPawG? [dk q&mawmfawGvkd yd#uwfo;kH yHu k kd 'um? 'umrawG vdu k Nf y;D awmhroifEikd f aomfvnf;bJ? tJ'u D ae tqDcyfNy;D awmh xkwNf y;D awmhoif&r,faygh/ bmxkw&f rSmvJ/ (yd#uwfo;kH yH&k UJ tqDux kd w k &f r,f)/ tJ'Dawmh bmeJU Oyrmay;NyD; a[movJqdk&if tdrfwpftdrf rSm rdbESpfyg; &Sdw,fqkdwJh? 'g-bkef;BuD;tjrJwrf;ajymygw,faemf/ tdrfwpftdrf rSm rdbESpfyg;&Sdw,f/ om;orD;ig;a,muf&Sd&Sd q,fa,muf&Sd&Sd tJ'Drdb tazeJUtaru 'Dom;orD;ig;a,muf q,fa,mufudk xrif;[if; aeUwdkif; csufrauR;&bl;vm;/ (auR;&ygw,fbk&m;)/ ig;a,muf&Sdvnf; auR;Edkif wmyJ/ q,fa,muf&Sdvnf; auR;EdkifwmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh trsm;pm;zdt Yk wGuf rdbuae xrif;td;k BuD;? [if;td;k BuD;auR;awmh pm;wJh om;orD;awGu tukev f ;kH pm;wmvm;/ ud, k w hf pf0rf;wpfcg;twGuf pm;wmvm;/ (ud, k hf wpf0rf;wpfcg;twGuf pm;wmygbk&m;)/ ud, k w hf pf0rf;wpfcg;&&Hyk /J wpfvw k f wpfqyk af v;pm;&if; pm;&if;eJU a[m -- 0oGm;NyD/ awmfygNyD/ wpfa,muf awmh 0oGm;ygNyD/ ESpaf ,muf 0oGm;NyD/ oH;k a,mufawmh 0oGm;ygNyDqakd wmh wpf0rf; wpfcg;eJU wpfa,mufpyD J pm;wmaygh/ tJ'Dawmh rdbuawmh tukefvHk; q,fa,muf&Sd&if q,fa,mufvHk; pm;zdkY tdk;BuD;rwnf&bl;vm;/ (wnf&ygw,fb&k m;)/ pm;wJh om;orD;u wpfZeG ;f wpfa,mufreJU ud, k u hf kd wpf0rf;wpfcg;0atmifyJ pm;wm r[kwb f ;l vm;/ 'g--OyrmaqmifNyD;awmha[mwm/ tJ'u D o hJ yYkd J ,aeU jrefrmEdik if rH mS &Sad ewJh q&mawmfoC H mawmf omraPav;u tp q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;rsm;[m yd#uwfo;kH yHt k csdKUrsm; ysHawmfro l mG ;w,faemf/ 36

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

tJ'aD vmufxo d ifwmu olwt Ykd wGuw f if[w k u f v hJ m;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ tm;vH;k wpfurÇmvH;k twGuaf emf/ jrefrmjynf wpfjynfwif r[kwb f ;l / b,ftwGuv f /J (wpfurÇmvH;k twGuyf gbk&m;)/ wpfurÇmvH;k twGuu f kd om;orD;trsm;BuD;arG;xm;wJh rdbvdk wpfcgwnf; oluoif&wm/ [if;td;k BuD; xrif;td;k BuD;wnfwmaygh/ tJ'u D ae bke;f BuD;eJUwuG tm;vH;k aom a,m*Drsm;u wpf0rf;wpfcg;av;0½Hk wpfZeG ;f wpfa,mufr pm;ovd?k y&d,wfawGukd trsm;BuD;uae tqD xkwv f u dk w f m wpfZeG ;f wpfa,mufrf pm;w,fvYkd rSwyf g/ (rSev f yS g)/ tJ'aD wmhrS aus;Zl;&Sif rd;k ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;Bu;D u tJ'v D kd wpfZeG ;f wpfa,mufrf pm;Edik zf t Ykd wGuu f kd yd#uwfo;kH yHu k ae tqDxw k cf svu kd af wmh 7-rsdK; xkwv f u kd w f ,f/ b,fEpS rf sdK;/ (7-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ uJ--vdu k q f -kd cE¨m tm,we "mwf opöm y#dpöorkyÜg'f t½IcH t½IÓmPf 7-rsdK;xkwNf yD/ b,fEpS rf sdK; (7-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ y&d,wf omoemrSm tm;vH;k aom 'um? 'umrawG y&d,wfomoemBuD; udef;oGm;zdkYtwGufudk tck b,fESpfrsdK;xkwfvdkufwmvJ/ (7-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 7-rsdK;udk tckpcef;yGJxJrSm y#dpöorkyÜg'fxJrSm 'goifrSm/ b,fESpfrsdK;oif&rSmvJ/ (7-rsdK;oif&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 7-rsdK;uyd#uwfoHk;yHk tqDxkwfvkdufwm/ ,aeUw&m;0if w&m;emaewJh a,m*DawGu tqDcyfpm;wmygAs/ uJ/ bmvkyfwmvJ/ (tqDcyfpm;wmyg bk&m;)/ olrsm; wnfNyD;om; xrif;td;k ? [if;td;k ? tay:,Hav; tqDcyfpm; olawG/ tif; -yifrsm;yifyef;aeovm; rodb;l / tif; -- rnnf; eJUaemf/ tqDcyfpm;wm/ tJ'aD wmh olrsm;wnfxm;wJh xrif;td;k [if;td;k tqDcyfpm;w,f qdak wmh wu,f tvkyv f yk w f o hJ al wGvm;/ tacsmiform; awGvm;/ (tacsmiform;awGygbk&m;)/ ay:NyD -- ay:NyD/ tJ'gay:NyDaemf/ wu,fh tacsmiform;awG/ tJ'aD vmuf tqDcyfpm;wmawmif nnf;ae&if ',ft;kd u ightwGuo f m atmif;arhawmh/ i&Jjynfu ',ft;kd [m ightwGuv f Ykd qH;k jzwfcsufcs? &Si;f NyDaemf/ tck b,fEpS rf sdK;oifr,f/ (7-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ uJ-- qdMk unfyh gOD;/ (cE¨m? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f? t½Ic?H t½IÓmPf)/ tJ'D 7-rsdK;udk a,m*DwYkd oifvu kd &f if rdrd\ cke om;orD;wpfa,muf&JU udk,fhwpf0rf;wpfcg; 0wJhtaeeJU a[m -- bmomoemudef;oGm;wmvJ/ (y&d,wfomoemygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if ,aeUw&m;0if w&m;tm;xkwf w&m;emaewJh yk*Kd¾ vfawG omoemjyK yk*Kd¾ vftppfjzpfuek Nf yD? &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ qdik ;f bkww f yfv&Ykd w,f/ tdrjf yefa&muf&if qdik ;f bkwaf wG bmawG csdwv f &Ykd oGm;NyD/ bmvdv Yk /J bm omoemjyKaewmvJ/ (y&d,wf omoemygbk&m;)/

qk d i f ; bk w f r wif o nf h o moemjyKrsm; tJ'rD mS a,m*DwYkd omoemjyKqdw k m tJ'rD mS q&mawmf OD;ÓmPdó& a[mwmtjrJwrf; ESv;kH oGi;f rdw,f/ rMumcP oGm;owd&w,f/ q&mawmf u tJ'o D moemjyKtaMumif; a[mwJt h cgusawmh olwYkd ppfuikd ;f wdYk rEÅav; wdq Yk akd wmh acsmifawGu aumif;wmud;k / omoemjyK [dak e&mvnf; qdik ;f bkwf awGU? 'Dae&mvnf; qdik ;f bkwaf wGUw,fw/hJ tJ'aD wmh tJ'aD e&mrSm t0wfjzL eJUvluvnf; qdik ;f bkwef UJ yJ? t0wfnKd eJUvluvnf;wJh qdik ;f bkwef UJ wJ?h vnfyif;ykw;D &Sw d o hJ u l vnf; omoemjyK qdik ;f bkwef UJ wJh omoemjyKaemf/ rkwq f w d af rG;eJUvluvnf; omoemjyKwJ/h 37

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

EIwcf rf;arG;eJU vluvnf; omoemjyKwJ/h td;k -- ½Iyyf G aewmyJw/hJ wu,fjyKwJh yk*Kd¾ vfawG qdik ;f bkwf &SmvdrYk &bl;wJ/h q&mawmf oHCmawmf t&Sijf rwfawG qdik ;f bkwf &SmvdYk awGU&JUvm;/ (rawGUygbl;bk&m;)/ wu,fjyKaewmaemf/ 'Dpum;vH;k udk q&mawmf rdeUf oGm;wm tifrwefukd trSm;eJUtrSef cGjJ cm;odzt Ykd wGuf q&mawmf rdeUf oGm;wm/ tck a,m*Dwu Ykd kd 'DOpömav;udk &Si;f vdu k w f t hJ cg usawmh omoemjyK qdw k phJ um;vH;k &JU tppfeUJ aemf/ tjrpfeUJ tESp[ f m 'um? 'umrawG em;vnfomG ;NyD/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'aD wmh tESpef UJ tumayghaemf/ tck a,m*DwjYkd yKaewJh omoemu wjcm;vm;? tESpv f m; (tESpyf gbk&m;)/ ckyJ -- ckepfrsKd ;udk oif&if rdrw d Ykd bmomomem jyKwmvJ/ (y&d,wåd omoemygbk&m;)/ uJ -- b,favmufrsm; 0rf;om p&maumif;ovJ/ omoemqdw k m bkef;uHr&Sd&if jyKvdkY&yghrvm;/ 'Dawmh omoemqdkonfrSm bkef;uH&Sdolrsm; twGufygvdkY q&mawmfbk&m;rsm; qd½k ;kd pum;r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/

t0wftqifxuf pdwfta&;BuD; uJ -- qdMk unfh omoemqdo k nfrmS bke;f uH&o dS rl sm;twGuyf g/ (omoemqdo k nfrmS bke;f uH&o dS rl sm;twGuyf g)/ tJ'Dawmh omoemqdkwm tqHk;traemf/ tck a,m*DwdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; tqHk;tru tck b,f E S p f r sd K ;oif & rvJ / (7-rsd K ;ygbk & m;) tJ ' D (7)rsd K ;ud k oif v d k u f & if y&d , wf o moemud e f ; oG m ;NyD / y&d,wfomoemude;f w,fajymwm t0wfvnf; rajymif;ygbl;/ ta&;BuD;wm t0wfxuf ta&;BuD;wm pdwf ta&;BuD;w,f/ wjcm;ajymif;wmvm;/ todajymif;wmvm;/ pdwf ta&;BuD;w,f/ wjcm;ajymif;wmvm;/ todajymif;wmvm;/ (todajymif; wmygbk&m;)/ tJ't D odajymif;oGm;wmonf wjcm;&vdv Yk m;/ tqH;k trudk &vdv Yk m;/ (tqH;k trud&k vdUk ygbk&m;)/ omoemude;f vd/Yk &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'D y&d,wf omoemudk ude;f vdu k Nf yDqadk wmh w&m;awG od o if h w mawG r od bl ; vm;/ tJ ' D a wmh cE¨ m taMumif ; ud k oif a ewmonf bmomomoem ud e f ; (y&d,wfomoemudef;ygw,f bk&m;)/ odkYjzifh&if omoemu 'DrSm b,fESpf&yf (oHk;&yfygbk7m;)/ jyefajymyg/ (y&d,wådomoem? y#dywåd omoem? y#da0"omoem)/ 'Dawmh -- [kwNf yD/ 'gav; NyD;oGm;atmif quf&iS ;f r,f/ y#dywåd omoem qdw k muawmh wu,fv h ufawGU tvkyfvkyf&rSm/ 'Dvjkd zifh ,ck y&d,wåd omoemuawmh q&morm;u oifvYkd odNyDaygh/ y#dywådomoemu odNyD;&if jrifatmifMunf&h r,f/ odNyD; bmvkyf &rvJ/ (jrifatmifMunf&h ygr,f)/ ckeu y&d,wådomoemrSm b,fEpS rf sdK;/ (7-rsdK;yg)/ 7-rsdK;udk ajymMunfyh g/ (cE¨m? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpö orkygÜ 'f? t½Ic?H t½IÓmPf)/ tJ'D 7rsdK;udk bke;f BuD;wdu Yk pmvdk oifr,faemf/ pmvdo k ifvu kd af wmh odomG ;a&m/ Oyrm- cE¨mqdMk uygpdUk / cE¨mqdw k m[m taygif;tpkaygh/ ½kyfawGtaygif;tpk? emrfawGtaygif;tpk? tJ'gudk ckoifvdkufawmh atmf cE¨mqdkwm ½kyaf wGtaygif;tpk? emrfawGtaygif; tpk? cE¨m ig;yg;&Sw d ,fqw kd m tMurf;zsif;odw,faygh/ rodb;l vm;/ cE¨m b,fEpS yf g;&S/d (cE¨mig;yg;&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ aumif ; NyD ? cE¨ m ig;yg;&S d w ,f q d k w m bk e f ; BuD ; wd k Y u pmeJ U oif v d k u f N yD qd k a wmh a,m*D w d k Y u bmomoemude;f oGm;wmvJ/ (y&d,wådomoemyg)/ [kwNf yD-cE¨mig;yg;&Sw d ,f? cE¨mig;yg; &Sw d ,f? odomG ;NyDaygh/ tJ'D - cE¨m ig;yg;u b,frmS &So d vJ/ &Sm&awmhr,f/ pmtkyx f rJ mS &Sw d hJ cE¨mig;yg;? q&morm;a[mwJh cE¨mig;yg;? pmoifwhJ cE¨mig;yg;u y&d,wf cE¨mig;yg;/ bmcE¨mig;yg; (y&d,wf cE¨mig;yg;)/ bmomoemac:vJ/ (y&d,wåd omoem)/ EkUd - y&d,wåo d moemeJU 'um? 'umrawG jynhpf v Hk Udk r&bl;/ y&d,wåd omoemu ukov dk yf J &Sad o;w,f/ umrm0p& ukov dk yf J &Sad o;w,f/ uH ukov dk yf J &Sad o;w,faemf/ bmukov kd v f /J (uHuo k v dk yf g bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm a,m*DwdkU aeUwkdif;axmufaewm ur®b0ypö,m (Zmwdyg bk&m;)/ 38

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

uHuo k v dk af vmufeUJ auseyfae&if reufu ajymcJw h ,f/ vGwyf ghrvm;/ (rvGwyf gbl; bk&m;)/ b,foel UJ vJ/ (Zmwdyg bk&m;)/ uHuo k v dk f avmufeUJ auseyfae&if aojcif;qk;d aoOD;r,f ajymwm/ 'g-reufuvnf; &Si;f cJNh yaD yghaemf? [kwv f m;/ tJ'aD wmh - tJ'u D H ukov dk u f dk ÓmPfuo k v dk &f atmif y&d,wfudk wjcm;vky&f rSmvm;? y#dywfjzpfatmif vky&f rSmvm;/ (y#dywf jzpfatmif vky&f rSmygbk&m;)/ [kwNf yD/

udk,fhudkudk,ftm;udk; 'Dvjdk zif&h if cE¨mtaMumif;ukd oifwmu y&d,wå/d cE¨mtaMumif;ukd oifwmu (y&d,wå)d / tJ'D cE¨mukd 'um? 'umrawGu wpfavmuvk;H rSm &Sm&rSmvm;? uk, d u hf , dk rf mS &Sm&rSmvm;? (ud, k u hf , dk rf mS &Sm&rSmyg bk&m;)/ [kwNf yD - 'g? cE¨y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'faemf/ pmtkyx f rJ mS oifwchJ E¨mu y&d,wf? uk, d q hf rD mS &Sad e wJch E¨mukjd rifatmifMunhw f mu y#dywf/ 'Dvjdk zifh vufpowf awmh y#dywfqdk wm olrsm;tm;uk;d vkUd r&bl;av? uk, d u fh , dk u f dk tm;uk;d rS/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if 'Dae&mrSm jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mwJh a'oemwpfcu k 0ifvmNyD/ ]]twåm [d twåaem emaxm}}- vlwidk ;f yg;pyfzsm; EIww f ufaewm/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ 'DygVdawmfu bmwJv h /J ]]twåm [d twåaem emaxm}} 'Dvjdk zif&h if olrsm;tm;uk;d &rSmvm;/ uk, d u hf , dk u f dk tm;uk;d &rSmvm;/ (ud, k u hf , dk u f dk tm;uk;d &rSmygbk&m;)/ y#dywåo d moemBuD; ude;f zkUd u b,foUl tm;uk;d &rvJ/ (uk, d u fh , dk u f kd tm;uk;d &rSmyg)/ odMum;? jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmawG tm;uk;d &rSmvm;/ uk, d u hf , dk u f dk tm;uk;d &rSmvm;/ (ud, k u hf , dk u hf dk tm;uk;d &rSmyg bk&m;)/ b,foMd um;rSvnf; rulnED idk b f ;l / b,fewfrv S nf; rul nDEidk b f ;l / ud, fk u fh , kd u f ykd J 'um? 'umrawG tm;uk d ; &r,f / uk d , h f u k d , f u k d tm;uk d ; rS bmomoemud e f ; (y&d , wå d omoemud e f ; ygw,f bk & m;)/ omoemjyKyk*Kd¾ vftppf omoemude;f zkUd u uk, d u hf , dk u f dk tm;uk;d &r,f/ tJawmh - uk, d u hf , dk u f q dk adk wmh aemufyidk ;f rS &Si;f r,f/ xm;/ ud, k u hf , dk u f kd tm;uk;d w,fq&dk if ud, k w f idk u f , kd u f s tm;xkwrf aS ygh/ 'Dvjdk zifh cE¨m taMumif;ukd oifwmu y&d,wådomoem/ aumif;NyD - tJ'cD E¨mu b,frmS &Sw d mvJ/ uk, d rhf mS &Sw d ,f/ cE¨monf b,frmS &S/d (uk, d rfh mS &Syd gw,f)/ tJ - 'Dawmh uk, d rhf mS &Sw d hJ cE¨mukt d Murf;zsif;av; MunhMf u&atmif/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if a,m*DwUdk aeUvnfyidk ;f u w&m;rxkid b f ;l vm;/ reuf ykid ;f uvnf; xkid w f ,f/ aeUvnfyidk ;f uvnf; xkid w f ,faygh/ xkid w f ,f qkad wmh pD;yGm;a&;awG BuD;yGm;a&;awG tdraf xmifa&;awG bmawG nmawG BuHzUdk ajymwmvm;? ud, k chf E¨mxJ uk, d Bf uHzUdk ajymwmvm;/ (uk, d chf E¨mxJ ud, k Bf uHzUdk ajymwmyg bk&m;)/ bmudMk unhyf g? bmuk½d yI gvkUd rajymbl;vm;/ tJ - uk, d chf E¨mxJqadk wmh tMurf;zsif;Munfv h u dk af wmh 0ifavod? xGuaf vod rSww f t hJ cgawmh pdwx f J orm"dwnfNyDaygh./ wnfvnf; wnfNyD;awmh em&D0ufavmufvnf; Mumawmh cE¨mu azmufjyefvma&m/ bm jzpfwmvJ/ (azmufjyefvmygw,f bk&m;)/ anmif;wmawG? usifwmawG uku d w f mawG trav; rcHeidk w f mawG jzpfvm 'l;uwpfrsdK;? aygifuwpfrsdK;? ajcaxmufuwpfrsdK;/ [m - 'DMum;xJ cg;uwpfrsdK;? [m - txJuwpf rsdK;? tjyifuwpfrsdK;? trav; ½Iyyf aG ewm/ tdrrf mS aewke;f u tJ'gawG rawGUygbl;/ [m - b,fE, S &hf yd o f ma&mufrS 'gawGvmawGUaevJ/ a[m cufNyD/ ig a&SUquftm;xkwv f Udk rS jzpfyghrvm; - jzpfvma&m/ azmufjyef vmwm? azmufjyefvmwm? &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ [kdu emwm? usifwm? ukdufwm? cJwmawG jzpfaewmu ½kyfu azmufjyefaewm/ ig-a&SUquf tm;xkwv f Udk jzpfrS jzpfyghrvm;? 'g- pdwu f azmufjyefaewm/ emrfu azmufjyefvmwm/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'D azmufjyefw'hJ Pfudk onf; rcHEidk w f t hJ cg ajy;a&m - 'Da,m*D? a[m - tckawmh wpfa,mufrv S nf; rajy;ao;bl;aemf? tif;-0rf;omygw,f/ rajy;vnf; rajy;MuygeJUaemf/ tJ'Dawmh qkdvkdwmu tJ'Dvkd wu,fvufawGU w&m;tm;xkwv f mawmh anmif;wmaum rawGUbl;vm;/ (awGUygw,f)/ 'Dvjdk zifh anmif;aewmonf a,mufsm; rde;f r yk*Kd¾ vf owå0gvm;/ ½kycf E¨m vm;/ (½kycf E¨myg)/ [kwNf yD/ 'um? 'umrawG tJ'D anmif;wm[m ½kycf E¨mvkUd 39

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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bke;f BuD;rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,f)/ bmomoem ude;f oGm;wmvJ/ (y&d,wåd omomemyg bk&m;)/ okaYd omf wu,fanmif;wmu bke;f BuD;ajym vkUd jrifwmvm;? uk, d w f idk u f , dk u f s jrifwmvm;/ (uk, d w f idk u f , dk u f s jrifwmyg bk&m;)/ rsufpdrSdwfNyD;awmh 'DuÓmPfeJUMunhfvkdufwJhtcg trav; anmif;vkdufwm? anmif;aewmonf wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;ygbk&m;)/ ylwmawGaumr&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ at;wmawGaum r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ vIyw f m &GwmawGaum r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'v D dk jzpfaewmonf wjcm;w&m;awGvm;/ ½kyw f &m;awGvm;/ (½kyw f &m;awGygbk&m;)/ ½kyw f &m;awG azmufjyefaewm/ ½kyu f dk jrifaeNyD a,m*DwUdk / bmukd jrifaewmvJ/ (½kyu f jdk rifwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'v D dk ½kyu f jdk rifwt hJ cgusawmh trav; emvku d w f m usifvu dk w f m? ig a&SUqufxidk zf Udk awmifcufw,f/ ig jyefajy;&aumif;rvm;/ a[m - tJ'gb,fou l azmufjyefaevJ/ emrfu azmufjyefaewm/ azmufjyefreS ;f rodb;l / enf;enf;wGeUf csifvmNyD/ 'Dawmh bke;f BuD;wkUd u o'¨gw&m;av; wifNyD; 'um? 'umrawG cPawmh 'gawG onf;cH? awmfawmfMumawmh aysmufomG ;vdrrhf ,f/ olonf tedpw ö &m; jzpfw,f/ edpw ö &m;vm;? tedpw ö &m;vm;/ (tedpw ö &m;yg bk&m;)/ avmavmq,fawmh wjznf;jznf; ½I&if;½I&if;eJU tJ'rD csdrqHch H ae&wmawG ½I&if;½I&if;eJU wjznf;jznf; csr;f omwmqdw k m ay:vmygvdrrfh ,f/ rwku d w f eG ;f &bl;vm;/ (wku d w f eG ;f &ygw,f bk&m;)/ wku d w f eG ;f &w,f/ tckvnf; wku d w f eG ;f aewmayghaemf/ tJ'v D dk jrifaewmonf wjcm;vm;/ cE¨mukd jrifwmvm;/ (cE¨mukd jrifwmyg bk&m;)/ b,foUl cE¨mvJ/ (rdrcd E¨m)/ rdrcd E¨mudt k ajymeJUjrifwmvm;? wu,fjrifaewmvm;/ (wu,f jrifaewmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if aumif;uifuae odMum;rif;BuD;u em;uif;BuD;eJU qif;vmNy;D a,m*D - cifAsm; cE¨mawG jrifaew,fqw dk m r[kwb f ;l / tJ'v D dk ajymr,fq&dk if a,m*DwUdk vufcrH vm;/ (vufrcHygbl; bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh bmaMumifv h J qk&d if uk, d w f idk 'f rD mS jrifaeNyD a,m*D/ okjYd zifh anmif;aewmonf wjcm;vm;? cE¨mvm; (cE¨mygbk&m;)/ usifaewmonf wjcm;vm;? cE¨m vm;/ (cE¨myg bk&m;)/ ylaewmonf bmvJ/ (cE¨myg)/ ay:aeNyDaemf/ tJ'D awmh aemufq;Hk awmh bmjzpfjzpf 'Dae&mrSm a,mufsm; rde;f r yk*Kd¾ vf owå0g vmNyD;awmh jzpfp&mr&Sb d ;l / cE¨mawGcsnf;yJ jzpfaewm/ tck bke;f BuD;u a,m*DwUdk tJ'gcE¨mawGjzpfwmajymawmh rodb;l vm;Asm/ (odygw,f bk&m;)/ odomG ;wmonf wjcm;vm;? y&d,wfvm;/ (y&d,wfyg bk&m;)/ tJ'o ´D w d t hJ odudk rsupf rd w dS Nf y;D awmh ukd,fwkdifukd,fus a[m'DrSm acR;eJU aoG;eJU &if;NyD;awmh MunfhvkdufwJhtcgusawmh wu,frjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'v D dk wu,fjrifatmifMunfw h monf wjcm;vm;? y#dywfvm;/ (y#dywfygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh y&d,wfqkdwm oifwmaemf/ y#dywfu usifhwm/ 'Dvkd usifhNyD;jrifatmifMunfhaewm b,folUrsufvkH;iSm;MunhfwmvJ/ (udk,hfrsufvkH;yg bk&m;)/ ukd,fhrsufvkH;qkd awmh tararG;wJh rsufvkH;vm;? ÓmPfrsufv;Hk vm;/ (ÓmPfrsufv;Hk yg bk &m;)/ [kwNf yD - a,m*DwUdk 'DaeU 'Dw&m;oifvu dk w f m rsufv;Hk ESpv f ;Hk & oGm;w,f/ uHrsufv;Hk &,f (ÓmPfrsufv;Hk &,fygbk&m;)/ tck bke;f BuD; 'DrmS cGuu f av;awG csjywmukd rjrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,f bk&m;)/ jrifaewmu uHrsufv;Hk ? uHrsufp/d rsufprd w dS Nf yD;awmh cE¨mxJrmS anmif;wmawG usifwmawG ukdufwmawG cJwmawG azmufjyefaewmawG rcHEkdifwmawG jrifaewmonf cE¨mawGay:wm ½kyfcE¨mawG emrfcE¨mawGaygh/ tJ'v D dk ay:aewJch E¨mawGudk a,m*DwUdk rjrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,fb&k m;)/ jrifNyD/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if 'Dy*k Kd¾ vfonf cE¨mawGudk jrifwm/olwpfyg;qDu tiSm;eJUjrifw f mvm;? uk, d w f idk u f , dk u f s jrifwmvm;/ (ud, k w f idk u f , dk u f s jrifwmygbk&m;)/ uk, d w f idk u f , dk u f s jrifwt hJ wGuf a,m*DwUdk &JU ESv;Hk tdrf oEÅmefrmS y#dywfomoem ude;f aeNyD/ bmomoemude;f / (y#dywf omoemude;f ygw,fb&k m;)/

omoemudef;vQif vljzpfusdK;eyf y#dywfomoemude;f zkUd uawmh iSm;vkUd r&bl;/ olrsm;tultnD awmif;vkUd r&bl;/ tJ'aD wmh ud, k u f , dk w f idk f 'um? 'umrawG acR;eJUaoG;eJU r&if;&bl;vm;/ (&if;&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh rdbuvnf; om;orD; 40

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ukdtultnDay;vkdUr&bl;/ om;orD;uvnf; rdbukd tultnD ay;vkdU r&bl;/ udk,fhukd,fukdtm;ukd;rS y#dywådomoemudef;wm/ y&d,wåd omoemudef;zkdUuawmh q&morm; tultnD ay;vkdU&w,f/ y#dywåd omoemude;f zkUd uawmh b,foMd um; b,fewf b,fb;dk awmf r,fawmfu rSvnf; tultnDay;vdUk r&bl;/ tJ'aD wmh tultnDay;Ekid w f mu uk, d u hf , dk u f ydk J tul tnDay;Ekid yf gw,f a,m*DwUdk / &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'v D jdk zif&h if y#dywåd omoemBuD;ude;f zkUd twGuu f dk uk, d u hf , dk u f dk 'um? 'umrawG Munf&h r,f/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,f)/ tJ'v D dk Munfv h u dk af wmh wjcm;awGUrSmvm;? ½kyef mrfawG awGUrSm vm;/ (½kyef mrfawGawGUrSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh aumif;NyD ½ky?f emrfawG? ½ky?f emrfuydk J Munh/f bmrS pOf;pm;raeeJU/ tJ'v D dk Munhv f u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh emwm? usifwm? uku d w f m? cJwmonf a,mufsm;? rde;f r? yk*Kd¾ vf? owå0gawGUwmvm;? ½ky?f emrfawGUwmvm;/ (½ky?f emrfawGUwmygbk&m;)/ 'g - tMurf;zsif;om rSwx f m;vku d af emf/ aMomf - [kwNf yD ½ky?f emrfawG azmufjyefaewm? emwmawGu ½ky?f emrf awG/ usifwmawGu ½ky?f emrfawG/ pdwaf wGaumif;wm? raumif;wm emrfawG ponfjzifh bmyJajymajym awGUwmawGuo dk m Munfah e&if 'g- ½ky?f emrfawG cE¨mawGyaJ ygh/ tJ ' D c E¨ m awG [ m Munf h a e&if ; Munf h a e&if ; eJ U ouf o mwmawG U wm vm;? rouf o mwmawG U wmvm;/ (roufomwmawGUwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if aumif;wmawGUwmvm;? raumif;wmawGUwmvm;/ (raumif; wm awGUwmyg)/ csrf;omwmawGUwmvm;/ qif;&JwmawGUwmvm;/ (qif;&JwmawGUwmyg)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if 'um? 'umrawG w&m; tm;xkww f m yxrOD;qk;H pNyD;awGUwm csrf;omjcif;eJU awGUwmvm;/ qif;&Jjcif;eJU awGUwm vm;/ (qif;&JjJ cif;eJU awGUwmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if qif;&Jjcif;ukd udk,fwkdif ukd,fusawGUaewmonf bmomoemudef;aewmvJ/ (y#dywåo d moem ude;f aewmygbk&m;)/ tck - a,m*DwUdk vufawGU ude;f aewmaemf/ tJ'D awmh 'Domoemqkw d mu vlwidk ;f ude;f vkUd &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh ckeajymcJw h m omoemqko d nfrmS bke;f uHr&Sv d Udk vm;/ bke;f uH &Sv d Udk vm;/ (bke;f uH&v dS Udk yg)/ bke;f uH&v dS Udk y#dywåo d moem ude;f aewm/ tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwkdU onf;cHNyD;awmh BudK;pm;NyD;awmh ½I? tifrwef bke;f uHyg&rD&v dS Udk y#dywådomoemude;f aewmaemf/ onf;cHNyD;½Ivu dk f wJt h cgusawmh okcawGUaewmvm;? 'ku© awGUaewmvm;/ ('kua© wGU aewmyg bk&m;)/ 'kuu © dk wu,fjrif&ifawmh tJ''D u k u © kd cifrif wG,w f mOD; rvm;/ (rwG,w f mygbl;)/ vkcd sifao;ovm;/ (rvkcd sifygbl;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh 'D'u k u © kd cifrifw, G w f mrI r&Sad wmhb;l qku d wnf;u olu [krd mS odyNf y;D awmh qE´r&Sb d ;l aygh/ rcifrif rwG,w f mawmhb;l qkad wmh wPSmrukef bl;vm;/ (ukefygw,f)/ wPSmy,fwmayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh rcifrifawmhbl;vkdU? rcifrifwm wjcm;jrifvUdk vm;? 'kuj© rifvUdk vm; ('kuj© rifvUdk yg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh olUukd rcspfawmhb;l / rke;f vmNyD/ tJ'v D dk rke;f vmNyDqdk awmh 'kuu © dk olvcdk sifao;wmvm;? rvkcd sifawmhwmvm;/ (rvkcd sifawmhyg bl;)/ rvkcd sif&if oleUJ ywfoufNyD; rpOf;pm;awmhb;l av/ tJ'v D dk 'kuu © dk vspfvsL½IwJht"dyÜm,f ra&mufbl;vm;/ tJ'Dvkd vspfvsL½Iwm[m ukd,fu vspfvsL½Iwmvm;? ÓmPfu vspfvsL½Iwmvm;/ (ÓmPfu vspfvsL½Iwmyg bk&m;)/ okdYjzifh cE¨mrSm wjcm;&Sdaewmvm;? 'ku©&Sdaewmvm;/ ('ku&© adS e wmyg bk&m;)/ 'D'u k u © dk awGUae&if wjcm;eJU awGUwmvm;? cE¨meJU awGU aewmvm;/ (cE¨meJU awGUaewmyg)/ tJ''D u k q © w dk hJ cE¨mBuD;udk Munh&f if; Munf&h if;eJU trav; rvkcd sifawmhygbl;/ tJ''D u k u © dk rke;f wmawG? NiD;aiGU wmawG? rMunhcf siw f mawG ray:vmbl;vm;/ (ay:vmygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'v D dk ay:vmwmonf wjcm;vm;? ÓmPfvm;/ (ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ÓmPfeUJ ½I&if; ½I&if;eJU aemufq;Hk awmh 'kuu © tedpo ö abmw&m;qkad wmh olu csKyfomG ;a&m? bmjzpfomG ;vJ/ (csKyfomG ;wmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'cD sKyfo f mG ; wmukd 'kur© &Sw d mukd 'DrmS wef;Ny;D jrifomG ;awmhwmyJ/ 'kur© &Sw d mukd 'DrSmwef;jrif vkdufwm wjcm;vm;? eda&m"vm;/ (eda&m"yg bk&m;)/ y#da0" omoem udef;oGm;NyD/ bmomoemude;f oGm;wmvJ/ (y#da0"omoemyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh 'kuw © &m;awGudk awGUaewmu bmomoem/ (y#dywåd omoem)/ 'kua© wG csKyfNird ;f ½kyo f rd ;f oGm;wmukd jrifwmu (y#da0" omoem)/ 'Dvjdk zifh a,m*DwUdk omoem b,fEpS &f yf ude;f &rvJ/ (ok;H &yf ude;f &ygr,f)/ 41

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omoemqkdonfrSm bkef;uH&Sdolrsm;twGuf rajymbl;vm;/ uJ-,aeU cE¨m? tm,we? Zmwd? opöm y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;awGudk oif wmu bmomoemude;f / (y&d,wåo d moemude;f wmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd uk, d w f ikfd u f , kd u f s cE¨mt&if;wnfNyD;awmh avsmif; xkid f &yf oGm; £&d,mykwf av;yg;wkUd rSm 'DcE¨mukd rjrif? jrifatmif tm;xkww f mu bmomoemude;f / (y#dywåo d moemude;f wmyg)/ y#dywådomoemude;f w,fqw dk m wjcm; jrifwmvm;? 'kua© wGudk jrifwmvm;/ ('kua© wGudk jrifwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D awmhrS wu,fph pfreS w f hJ cE¨'u k a© wG qkw d m tcsdejf ynhf 'DrmS ESyd pf ufaewm aemf/ tJ'v D dk ESyd pf ufaewmukjd rifa&m cE¨mukd 'um? 'umrawG cifao;vm;/ (rcifawmhygbl;bk&m;)/ rcifawmh cE¨meJUywfoufvUdk rvkcd sifawmhb;l / tJ'v D dk rvkcd sifawmhrS cE¨muk&d w HG mawG rke;f wmawG NiD;aiGUwmawGeUJ cE¨m r&SdwJh 'g - cE¨m&JUtqkH;ukd vSrf;NyD;awmh ÓmPfeJUvnf; jrifvnf; jrifvkdufa&m wjcm;ay:wmvm;? edAmÁ efay:wmvm;/ (edAmÁ efay:wmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh edAmÁ efqw dk m wjcm;omoemvm;? y#da0"omoemvm;/ (y#da0" omoemyg)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if a,m*DwUdk tckomoem b,fEpS &f yf ude;f oGm;NyD/ (ok;H &yfygbk&m;)/ tJ'D omoemok;H &yf ude;f zkUd twGuu f eHygwf (1) tajccHta&;Bu;D wmonf bmomoem/ (y&d,wåo d moem)/ y&d,wådomoemu wjcm; wm0efvm;/ q&mhwm0efvm;/ (q&mhwm0efyg)/ q&mu y&d,wåo d moem ude;f zkUd oifay;&if y#dywådomomemudef;zkdU udk,fwkdifukd,fus tm;xkwf &w,f/ udk,fwkdifukd,fus tm;xkwf&if uk, d w f idk u f , dk u f s edAmÁ efudk rsuf arSmufrjyKEkid b f ;l vm;/ (jyKEkid yf gw,f)/ tJ'aD wmh omoem b,fEpS &f yf/ (ok;H &yfyg)/ at; omoemok;H &yf ude;f &if rdrw d Udk onf vljzpfusdK;eyfNyDvUdk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfyg/ qufawmh a[mcsifw,f/ awmfO;D rSaemf/ uJ - vuftyk cf sD qkawmif;arwåmykUd NyD; w&m;yGo J rd ;f vku d Mf u&atmif/ ( om"k - om"k - om"k )/

d 1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 5-&uf (28.8.2002) eHeuf earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor orÁÁK' K'¨ K '¨ó tm;vH;k aom a,m*Dtaygif;olawmfaumif;wdYk -þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&u G v f mcJMh uwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeUb,fE&S uf ajrmufygvJ/ (3-&uf ajrmufygbk&m;)/ ,aeU w&m;yGJ pcef;yGJ 3-&uf ajrmuf\eHeuf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifwef;w&m;yGBJ uD;ygyJ/ bmoifwef;/ (y#dpö orkygÜ 'f oifwef;ygbk&m;)/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oifwef;qkad wmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fudk em;vnf&if uk, d t hf aMumif;uk, d f odwmayghaemf [kwv f m;/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fudk em;vnf&if 'um? 'umrawG 'd|d jyKwfr,faemf/ (rSev f yS g bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ,aeU 'Dw&m;pcef;yGJBuD;ukd <ua&mufNyD; w&m;0if w&m;tm;xkwf w&m;emMuwm t"duuawmh 'd|djyKwfzkdUygyJ/ bmjyKwfzUdk vJ/ ('d|jd yKwfzUdk yg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh 'd|q d w dk m[m raeUuvnf; ajymcJNh yD/ i&JrsdK;aphaemf/

cE¨ m t&S d e J U ÓPf t od tm;vk;H aom owå0gawG&UJ &ifxrJ mS 'd|&d adS eorQumvywfv;Hk b,fawmhrS edAÁmefr&ygbl;/ 'd|&d adS eorQ umvywfv;Hk edAÁmef&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ avmurSm b,fvt dk jypfBuD;awGurdk qkd &J&w J if;wif;BuD;ukv d yk f &Jwm 'd|yd w J /hJ yÍömeEå&, d uHBuD;uku d sL;vGe&f w J m b,foyl gvdr/hf ('d|yd g bk&m;)/ bk&m;udak oG;pdr;f wnfatmif jyK&Jwmvnf; 'd|yd /J tzudk owf&J wmvnf;bJ 'd|yd /J oHCmoif;cG&J w J mvnf; 'd|yd /J 42

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'd|domr&Sd&if 'gawGukd rusL;vGefEkdifygbl;/ 'd|d&SdaewJhtwGuf avmurSm tukokdvfrSeforQudk &J&w J if;wif;BuD;jyK&JaewJo h wåo d nf b,foUl aMumifh ('d|ad Mumifyh gbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG rdrdwdkUrSm 'D'd|d&Sdae&ifjzifh awmfawmfav;aMumufp&maumif;ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh a'0'wfonf bk&m;ukd aoG;pdr;f wnfatmif jyK&Jwm b,foUl aMumifv h /J ('d|ad Mumifyh gbk&m;)/ tZmwowfonf tzudo k wf&w J m b,foUl aMumifv h /J ('d|ad Mumifyh gbk&m;)/ oHCmoif;cGJ &Jwmvnf; b,foUl aMumifv h /J ('d|ad Mumifyh gbk&m;)/ odyaf Mumufp&m aumif;w,f/ tJ'aD wmh 'd|q d w dk m[m &ifxrJ mS i&JrsdK;aphayghaemf? [kwv f m;/ tJ ' D a wmh - tJ ' D ' d | d onf wjcm;rS m uyf w mvm;? rd r d r S m uyf w mvm;/ (rd r d r S m uyf w mygbk & m;)/ omoemrude;f wJyh *k Kd¾ vfrsm;twGurf mS 'd|ad wG uyfaeygw,f/ b,favmuf aMumufp&maumif;ovJq&dk if 'd|q d w dk m[m ÓmPftm;jzifh Munfh&if a*gMwblÓmPftxdawmif olUe,fy,fwJh/ 'g bkef;BuD;wkdU A[kokw,lxm;&rSmyg/ ÓmPfeUJ Munhv f Qif b,fÓmPfxad tmifvJ (a*gMwblÓmPff txdygbk&m;)/ a*gMwblÓmPffwJh/ 'guawmh A[kokwtaeeJUrSwfxm; a,m*DwkdU/a*gMwblÓmPffqkdwm umrtEG,fykxZk OftEG,u f jdk zwfwm a*gMwblw/hJ 'gu a'oempOft& q&mawmfb&k m;rdeo Yf mG ;wmukd bke;f BuD;u xyfajym aewm/ 'Dawmh bkt H m;jzifh b0*fqadk wmh jA[®mjynfayghAsm/ tJ'x D ad tmif jA[®mjynfwidk af tmifvnf;yJ 'd|u d olUe,fy,f/ ,ck a,m*DwUdk u? 0dyóem ÓmPftm;xkwf aew,fqadk wmh bke;f BuD;wkUd ÓmPfpOfeUJ ajymr,fq&dk if?

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46

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emvdw Yk &m;udk odvm&if t&Sut f aMumuf uav;ude;f vmw,f/ 'Dawmh avmuygv ESpyf g;qdw k m [D&Md owåyaÜ emf/ t&Suef UJ taMumufonf avmuBuD;udk rapmifah &Smufb;l vm;/ 'Dvjkd zifh bke;f BuD;wdYk opömw&m; rodwhJ yk*Kd¾ vfawGu t&Sut f aMumuf r&Sw d hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawG/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f opömw&m;odawmh tcka,m*DwYkd &Suw f mawG? aMumufwmawG ude;f vmNyaD emf/ bk&m;a&SUukd igoGm;Ny;D udavomawG yGm;OD;rvm;/ (ryGm;awmhygbl;bk&m;)/ trav;-ryGm;awmhb;l bk&m;? &Suv f eG v f eG ;f vd/Yk udavomaMumifh tyg,fukd usrSm aMumufveG v f eG ;f vd/Yk a[m-&Suw f wf? aMumufwwfomG ;NyD/ &Suw f wf? aMumufwwfomG ;&if? 'um? 'umrawG a[m'Dur®b0awGqw kd m? um,uH? 0pDu?H raemuHawG vmOD;rvm;/ (rvmygbl;bk&m;)/ ,ck tJ'v D kd tjypf awG[m bke;f BuD;wkYd 'um? 'umrawGrmS twdwu f aum r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ tjypf'DrSmMunhf ig;yg;oifhvmw,f/ b,fESpfyg;oifh/ (ig;yg;oifhygw,fbk&m;)/ uJ-ig;yg;u pmtwdkif;&Gwfyg/ (t0d Z Æm ? ocF g &? wPS m ? Oyg'gef ? b0)/ tJ ' D w &m;ig;yg;u b,f u mvu vk y f c J h / (vG e f a vNyD; aom twdwu f mvuygbk&m;)/ taMumif;vm;? tusdK;vm;/ (taMumif;ygbk&m;)/ opömeJaY jym/ (ork', opömygbk&m;)/ tJ'g-olrsm;vkyw f mvm;/ uk, d v f yk cf w hJ mvm;/ (ud, fk v f yk cf hJ wmygbk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh twdwu f mvu ork',opöm taMumif;w&m;ig;yg;udk vkycf o hJ nft h wGuaf Mumifh ,aeYbek ;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG tusdK;w&m;b,fEpS yf g;&/ (ig;yg;&ygw,fb&k m;)/ tusdK;w&m; ig;yg;u bmawGygvdr/hf (0dnmPf? emrf½yk ?f oVm,we? zó? a0'em ygbk&m;)/ okjYd zifh tJ't D usdK;w&m;ig;yg;onf wjcm;ig;yg;vm;/ cE¨mig;yg;vm;/ (cE¨mig;yg;ygbk&m;)/ bmopöm/ ('kuo © pömygbk&m;)/ b,fumvrSmjzpf/ (ypöKyÜeu f mvrSmygbk&m;)/ 'D r S m ypö K yÜ e f t usd K ;wpf v T m wJ h / tvT m eJ U Munf h a wmh ypö K yÜ e f tusd K ;wpf v T m &aewm/ cE¨ m ig;yg;/ tJ'cD E¨mig;yg;&vmwJh yk*Kd¾ vfwikd ;f yk*Kd¾ vfwikd ;f wpfww JG nf; bmawGygvmwmygvJ/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P [dku obm0 ygvmw,f/ cPduvnf; awmufavQmufrygbl;vm;/ cPdu awmufavQmufygvmawmh 0dyóemÓmPferYJ S jrifrmS aemf/ ckeuajymNyD;NyD/ tck b k e f ; BuD ; toH wpf c suf u av;Mum;&wmeJ U Y Zmwdrjzpfb;l vm;/ Zmwd jzpfNyD; Z&m? r&Prvmbl;vm;/ wpfww JG nf; vmw,faemf/ tJ'gu 0dyóemÓmPferYJ S omvQif jrif&r,fh udp/ö tck bke;f BuD;ajymaewmawG 'um? 'umrawG obm0udk rsufped v YJ nf; jrifEikd w f myJ/ y#doaE¨aewm? tdw k m? emwm? aowmawG rsufped UJ rY jrifEikd b f ;l vm;/ tJ'v D jkd rifEikd w f hJ obm0 'kuo © pömawG tckypöKyÜeu f mvrSm r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'v D kd &aewmonf wjcm;&vdv Yk m;? cE¨m 5-yg;&vkv Yd m;/ (cE¨m 5-yg; &vdyYk g)/ okjYd zifh cE¨m 5-yg;u bmopöm/ ('kuo © pöm)/ tJ'D 'kuo © pömBuD;ukd &vmwmu odMum;? jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmawGu zefqif;vd&Yk wmvm;/ rdrjd yKcJw h t hJ aMumif;w&m;aMumifv h m;/ (rdrjd yKcJw h t hJ aMumif;w&m; aMumifyh gbk&m;)/ tJ't D aMumif; w&m;aMumift h usdK;w&m;&wm/ tJ'gaMumifh cke vuFmav;u t0dZmÆ ESiw hf PSm t&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumif?h ½kyef mrfay:/ a[m-bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG vlb Y 0 a&mufw,fqw kd m tESpMf unfv h u dk af wmh ½kyef YJ emrfy&J w dS maygh/ bmopömeJ&Y dS vJ/ ('kuo © pömyg)/ ½kyfeJYemrfyJ&SdwJhtaMumif;udk 'Doifwef;eJY 'Dpmydk'fu 'gajymwm/ t0dZÆmESifh wPSmt&if;cH Oyg'gef uHaMumifh ½kyef mrfay:/ NyD;awmhrS [dt k yk'd af v;qufaemf/ tyifrrS sdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf? qufpyfonfh [ef/ 'gawmh Oyrmaqmifa[mwm/tyiferYJ sdK;? rsdK;eJY tyifayghaemf/ NyD;awmhrS uHaMumifh emrf½yk ?f emrf½yk af Mumifu h /H trSeo f al jymcsifwmuawmh uHaMumifh emrf½yk jf zpfw,f/ emrf½yk af Mumifh uHjzpfw,f/ 'gudk OyrmeJaY y; xm;wmu tyifrrS sdK;? rsdK;rStyif trQifrjywf? qufpyfonf[ h ef? 'g - Oyrmay;xm;awmh yd&k iS ;f oGm;wmaygh/ OyrmqdMk uygpk?Yd o&ufyifwpfyifaygufvmwm bmpdu k v f Udk vJ/ (o&uf rsdK;aph pku d v f yYkd gbk&m;)/ o&ufrsdK;aphukd pkdufvkdY o&ufyifaygufw,f/ tJ'Do&ufyif aygufvmawmh o&ufoD; oD;vdkY o&ufrsdK;aphr&bl;vm;/ tJ'Do&ufrsdK;aphudk jyefNyD;pkdufawmh o&ufyif raygufbl;vm;/ (ayguf ygw,f)/ o&ufyifaygufawmh 54

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

o&ufo;D roD;bl;vm;/ (oD;ygw,f)/ o&ufo;D oD;awmh o&ufrsdK;aph r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ rsdK;aph jyefpu kd af wmh bmayguf/ (tyifaygufygw,f)/ rsdK;&,f? tyif&,f? [dkrSmajymxm;wmaemf/ tyifrSrsdK;? rsdK;rStyifqdkawmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fu ynmb,favmuf ta&;BuD;vJ qdak wmhaemf/ tJ'aD e&mrSm bke;f BuD;wkYd avmuDtwwfynmawGeUJ 'um? 'umrawG ÓmPf,OS Mf u/ tyifeYJ rsdK;ESprf sdK;&Sw d hJ ae&mrSm b,fou l t&ifusrvJ/ o&ufyifpu kd af wmh o&ufo;D oD;/ tJ'o D &ufrsdK; jyefpu kd af wmh bmyifayguf/ (o&ufyifayguf ygw,f)/ uJ-uJ 'Dvjkd zif&h if ESprf sdK;xJar;r,f/ rsdK;eJU tyifeUJ b,f[mu t&ifv/J (rsdK;ut&ifyg)/ 'Dvjdk zifh 'DrsdK; b,fu &ygovJ/ (tyifuygbk&m;)/ b,fvv kd yk f rsdK;u tyifu t&if&w,f ajymvd&Yk rvJ/ uJtJ'g y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f&UJ ynmyJ/ tJ-tJ'gom tyifu t&ifajymw,f/ rsdK;u t&if? tJ'v D El pS af ,muf xjiif;NyD; eyef;vH;k zdyYk J &Sad wmhw,f/ b,fawmhrS tajzxGurf mS r[kwb f ;l / y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;rvnf&if? tajzudk rxGub f ;l / tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rS tyif? trQifrjywf qufpyfonf[ h efw/hJ 'gyJ taMumif;tusdK;? taMumif;tusdK;? taMumif;tusKd ; 'gyJ/ tJ'gav; odxm;&if Zmwfvrf;jywfomG ;Ny/D ajymcsiw f mu 'gOyrmaqmif a[mwm/ uHaMumifh emrf½yk ?f emrf½yk af Mumifh uH/ 'DrmS av b0qdw k m ocFg&b0qdw k m wjcm;vm;? uHvm;? (uHygbk&m;)/ uHukd b,fol tkycf sKyfovJqakd wmh t0dZÆm tkycf sKyfwmaygh/ uHaMumifh cE¨mig;yg;qkw d m 'DrmS emrf½yk f r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ emrf½yk af Mumifh 'DrmS uHajrmufomG ;w,faemf/ cE¨mh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oGm;awmh 'gawGay:r,f/ tckawmh jzwfajymr,f [kwv f m;/ emrf½yk af Mumifh bmjzpf/ (ur®b0 ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ur®b0 ypö,m (Zmwdyg bk&m;)/ Zmwd&jyefawmhvnf; wjcm;&rSmvm;? emrf½yk &f rSmvm;/ (emrf½yk &f rSmyg)/ tJ't D "dygÜ ,fu uHaMumifh emrf½yk ?f emrf½yk af Mumifh uH? uHaMumifh emrf½yk ?f emrf½yk af Mumifh uH? qH;k yghO;D rvm;/ tJ'gaMumifh [du k trQifrjywf qufpyfonf[ h ef qdw k m 'gudk Oyrmay;a[mxm;wm-aemf/ qufpyfonf[ h ef uHaMumifh emrf½yk ?f emrf½yk af Mumifu h ?H tzefzef jzpfjyefenf; tavsmf/ a[m - olal jymcsifwmu jA[®m? odMum;ponfrsm;u xif&mS ;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumif?h vlewfrsm;pGm? owå0gwkUd ? jzpfvm&rI? r[kw[ f k ÓmPfjzifh ½IíarQmf/ tJ'DrSm ÓmPfav;xnfhvkdufvdkY&Sd&if taMumif;w&m;xJrSm vlawG? ewfawG? jA[®mawG yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ rygbl;/ 'DrmS "r®awGyJ ygw,f/ tusdK;cE¨mxJrmS vnf; wjcm;awGU rSmvm;? 'kuo © pömawGUrSmvm;/ ('kuo © pöm awGUrSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh taMumif;eJt Y usdK;udk ÓmPf&iS ;f vdu k f awmh? taMumif;xJrmS vnf; yk*Kd¾ vf owå0g yg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/ taMumif;xJrmS ryg&if tusdK;xJrmS a&m ygyghrvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/ rygbl;l vdYk odvu dk &f if taMumif;udk ÓmPf&iS ;f awmh 0dpu d pd mä aowmaygh/ tusKd ;cE¨meJY 'kuo © pömyJvYkd ÓmPfov d u kd af wmh 'd|rd jyKwfb;l vm;/ (jyKwfyg w,f)/ 0dpu d pd mä eJY 'd|jd yKwf&if todeYJ q&morm;&JU ÓmPfukd rSND yD; jyKwfomG ;&if plVaomwmyef/ qufNyD;awmh yGm;rsm;tm;xkwv f u kd &f if r[maomwmyef jzpfEikd yf gw,f/ at;-reufyikd ;f awmh 'DavmufeyYJ J &yfNyD; w&m;yGo J rd ;f vku d Mf u&atmif/ (om"k - om"k - om"k)

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yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 5-&uf (28.8.2002) nae earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor orÁÁK' K'¨ K '¨ó tm;vH;k aom a,m*Dtaygif;olawmfaumif;wdYk -þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&u G v f mcJMh uwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fE&S uf &SNd yDv/J (3 &uf&ydS gNyDb&k m;)/ ,aeU 3-&ufajrmuf\ nae y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifwef; w&m;yGBJ uD;ygyJaemf/ bmoifwef;vJ/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oifwef;yg)/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifwef; qkad wmhum raeUu bke;f BuD;wkYd pcJyh gNyD - aemf/ raeUuwnf;u y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifwef;ukd pvku d w f t hJ wGuf 'DaeUvnf;yJ 'Dpuf0idk ;f a'oemukd &wJt h csed af v;rSm BudK;pm;Ny;D oGm;rSm jzpfaomaMumifh tm;vk;H aom a,m*Drsm; tay:pmwef;uae tqk;H xdatmif &Gwq f Ndk yD; ylaZmfMuygpkUd / t0dZÆmESifh wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:/ tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf? quf p yf o nf h [ ef ? uH a Mumif h e mrf ½ k y f ? emrf ½ k y f a Mumif h u H ? tzef z ef jzpf jyef e nf ; tavsmf / jA[® m -odMum;? ponfrsm;u? xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? ow owåå0gwk 0gwkdU? jzpfvm&rI? r[kwf[k? ÓmPffjzifh ½IíarQmf/ tJ'aD wmh 'Datmuftyk'd [ f m vlewfrsm;pGm? owå0gwdUk jzpfvm&rI r[kw[ f k ÓmPfjzifh ½IíarQmf qkad wmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'ftay:rSm ÓmPfa&mufomG ; &if ewf? odMum;? jA[®mawG zefqif;vdUk owå0gawG jzpfvmwmr[kwb f ;l qdw k mukd 'gjrifzUdk aemf/ tJ'aD wmh trsm;tm;jzifah wmhjzif&h if vly?J ewfyJ a,mufsm;yJ? rde;f ryJ yk*Kd¾ vfowå0gyJ qkw d hJ tpGaJ wG r&SMd ubl;vm;/ (&Syd g w,f bk&m;)/ 'D y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifwef;ukd oifwt hJ cgrSm ÓmPfav;0ifvmNyD qk&d if vlqw dk mvnf; r&Sb d ;l ? ewfqw dk mvnf; r&Sb d ;l ? owå0gqkw d mvnf; r&Sb d ;l / okaYd omf tJ'gawGr&Sad wmh bm&Sv d q J &dk if ½kyef mrfcE¨myJ&w dS ,f/ bmyJ&/dS (½kyef mrfcE¨myJ&ydS gw,fb&k m;)/ ½kyef mrfcE¨myJ&w dS hJ t&Su d dk tJ'D ÓmPfav;&atmif 'um? 'umrawG ½I&rSmaemf/ tJ'D½IEkdifzkdUtwGufukd wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&rSmvm;/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em; vnf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ uJ - 'Dawmh 'Dpmyk'd af v; reufu &Si;f cJNh yD;NyDaemf/ uJ - tay:yk'd f qkv d u dk Mf uOD;pkUd / rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;ukd,frsm;ESifh? okH;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?

0#fokH;0ESifh? umvokH;jzm? jcif;&mESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fukd? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS vG w f a Mumif ; wnf ; / uJ - puf0kdif;ukd axmufMuygr,faemf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;vnf; ylaZmf &m w&m;awmfvnf; ylaZmf&m a&mufomG ;atmif/ rlvESpjf zmqko d nfrmS (t0dZÆmeJUwPSmygbk&m;)/ opömESpcf u k (ork',opöm? 'kuo © pömygbk&m;)/ av;cktvTmqko d nfrmS (twdwt f aMumif;wpfvmT ? ypöKyÜet f usdK; wpfvmT ? ypöKyÜef taMumif;wpfvmT ? tem*wf tusdK;wpfvmT yg bk&m;)/ t*Fg wpfq,fEh pS yf g;u (t0dZÆm ocFg& 0dnmPf emrf½yk f oVm,we zó a0'em wPSm Oyg'gef ur®b0 Zmwd Z&m r&Pyg bk&m;)/ ok;H yg;tpyfqo dk nfrmS (ocFg&ESihf 0dnmPf wpfpyf? a0'emESihf wPSm wpfpyf? ur®b0ESihf Zmwd wpfpyfyg bk&m;)/

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t&if ; tjrpf ESp&f yfrv l ukd 'DaeUxnfah jymygr,f aemf/ ESp&f yfrv l eJU rlvESpjf zmrSm rlvESpjf zmqkw d m 'Dtv,facgifu t0dZÆmeJUwPSmukd axmufygw,f/ rlv ESpjf zmqkw d m bmeJUbm/ (t0dZÆmeJUwPSmyg bk&m;)/ ESp&f yfrv l usawmh 'DEpS cf k raxmufawmhb;l / 'D wPSmeJU 'D t0dZÆmukd oGm;axmufr,f/ okUd aomf þ&Spo f , G q f w dk t hJ xJrmS tJ'D ESp&f yfrv l qkw d mrygbl; aemf/ rygaomf vJbJ pmxJrmS ygaeNyD/ a,m*DwUdk odatmif 'gxnf&h iS ;f ay;wm/ ESp&f yf rlvqkw d m bmeJUbmeJU/ (wPSmeJU t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ rlvqkw d phJ um; a&SUU ygaevkUd 'g 'Dvadk xmufay;wm aemf/ rlvqkw d m t&yfpum;eJUajym&&if rlv = t&if;cHw&m;? rlv tajccH&if;jrpf pojzifah emf/ tJ'v D t dk &if; cHuswmukd rlv ac:awmh 'DwPSmeJU 'Dt0dZÆmukd bmvkUd axmuf& ovJqadk wmh umvukd ajymcsiv f Udk aygh/ bmukd ajymcsif wmvJ/ (umvukd ajymcsiv f Udk yg bk&m;)/ ypöKyÜeu f mv? twdwu f mv 'Dvrdk &Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh ypöKyÜeu f mv taeeJUaxmuf&if wPSmukd axmuf&r,f/ ypöKyÜeu f mvtaeeJUaxmufawmh (wPSmygbk&m;)/ twdwu f mvtaeeJU axmufawmh (t0dZÆm)/ 'gaMumihf ESp&f yfrv l vkUd ajymwmaemf/ 'Dawmh ESp&f yfrv l rSm ypöKyÜeu f mvrSm wPSmOD;aqmifw,f/ ypöKyÜef umvrSm (wPSm OD;aqmifygw,f bk&m;)/ twdwu f mvusawmh (t0dZÆm OD;aqmifygw,f)/ twdwu f mvrSm t0dZÆmOD;aqmifawmh t0dZÆmonf rlv/ twdwfumvrSm b,folonf rlv (t0dZÆmrlvygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh t0dZÆmrlvqkdawmh t0dZÆmu ol 'Dw&m;uk, d w f pfcw k nf; ,lzUdk r[kwb f ;l aemf/ t0dZÆmvm&if oleUJ wGzJ uf wPSmrygbl;vm;/ (ygygw,fb&k m;)/ 'DrmS eHygwfwpftuGurf mS wPSmygw,faemf/ t0dZmÆ vm&if b,fol vmr,f/ (wPSmvmygw,f bk&m;)/ jrwfpmG bk&m; OyrmaqmifNyD; a[mxm;wmu t0dZÆmqkdwmu tazeJUwlw,f/ wPSmqkdwmu tareJUwlw,f/ 'Dawmh vlwpfO;D wpfa,muf jzpfvmzkUd twGuu f t"duonf tazeJU tar/ b,foel UJ b,fov l /J (tazeJUtarygbk&m;)/ t0dZmÆ onf b,foel UJ wl (tazeJUwlygw,f)/ wPSmonf b,foel UJ wl (tareJUwlygw,f)/ twdwf umvwke;f u tazu a&SUuoGm;wm taruaemufuvku d w f ,f/ 'Dt"dygÜ ,fygyJ-aemf/ oGm;awmh OyrmeJU Oyar,s [yfvu dk af wmh 'g&Si;f oGm; wmaygh/ 'Dawmh twdww f ek ;f u b,fou l OD;aqmif (t0dZÆm OD;aqmifygw,f bk&m;)/ t0dZÆmqkw d hJ tazeJUwlwJh t0dZÆmu twdwfrSm OD;aqmifygw,f/ tareJUwlwJh wPSmu aemufurvkdufbl;vm;/ a&S U oG m ;aemuf v k d u f a ygh a emf / b,f v k d a c:rvJ / (a&S U oG m ;aemuf v k d u f y gbk & m;)/ t0d Z Æ m a&S U uoG m ;? wPSmaemufuvku d w f t hJ wGuf a[m - ypöKyÜeb f 0rSm cE¨mig;yg;&vmw,f/ bm&ygvdr/hf (cE¨m ig;yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh ypöKyÜeu f mvrSm wPSmOD;aqmif w,fw/hJ 'g - y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f&UJ oifwef; oabmw&m;aemf/ ypöKyÜeu f mvrSm wPSm OD;aqmifaomfvnf;yJ olUaemufvu dk u f b,foyl gvJ/ (t0dZÆm ygygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ - 'Dawmh OyrmeJUaqmifajym&if tara&SUoGm; tazaemuf vku d yf gyJ/ ypöKyÜeu f mvusawmh tareJUwlwhJ wPSmu a&SUuoGm;? taz eJUwlwhJ t0dZÆmu aemufuvku d w f ,f/ NyD;awmh a&SUoGm;eJU aemufvu dk o f m uGmw,f/ wu,fawmh 'um? 'umrawG tem*wfrmS wjcm;&rSmvm;/ cE¨mig;yg;&rSmvm;/ (cE¨mig;yg;&rSmygbk&m;)/ tem*wfrmS cE¨mig;yg; &ygvdrrhf ,f-aemf/ tJ'gaMumifrh Udk ESp&f yfrv l qkw d mu t0dZmÆ onf twdwf rlv/ t0dZmÆ onf (twdwrf v l )/ wPSmonf (ypöKyÜerf v l yg bk&m;/ 'g - ESp&f yfrv l aemf/ uJ - aemufwpfcg 0#fo;Hk 0ESihf qufajymygr,f/ 0#fo;Hk 0ESihf qko d nfrmS (udavo0#f? ur®0#f? 0dygu0#f ygbk&m;)/ udavom0#f b,fEpS yf g; (ok;H yg;yg bk&m;)? ur®0#fu (ESpyf g;yg bk&m;)?

0dygu0#fu (&Spyf g;yg bk&m;)? udavo0#fo;Hk yg;u b,foal wGv/J (t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ygbk&m;)/ 57

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ur®0#f ESpyf g;u (ocFg&eJU ur®b0yg bk&m;)/ 0dygu0#f &Spyf g;u (0dnmPf emrf½yk f oVm,we zó a0'em Zmwd Oyywdåb0 Z&mr&Pygbk&m;)/ 'g - 0#fo;Hk 0ESihf vkUd qkyd gw,f/ umvok;H jzmqko d nfrmS (vGeaf vNyD;aom twdwu f mv? ,ckjzpfqJ ypöKyÜeu f mv? aemifjzpfvwHåUaom tem*wfumvyg bk&m;)/ aemufwpfcg - jcif;&mESpq f ,fqo dk nfrmS eHygwf (1) - twdwt f aMumif;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;? eHygwf (2) - ypöKyÜet f usdK;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;? eHygwf (3) - ypöKyÜet f aMumif;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;? eHygwf (4) - tem*wftusdK;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;yg bk&m;)/ eHygwf (1) twdwt f aMumif;tjcif;t&mig;yg;ukd ajymyg/ (t0dZÆm ocFg& wPSm Oyg'gef b0yg bk&m;)/ eHygwf (2) ypöKyÜef tusdK;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;u - (0dnmPf emrf½yk f oVm,we zó a0'emyg bk&m;)/ eHywf (3) ypöKyÜet f aMumif;tjcif;t&mig;yg;u - (wPSm Oyg'gef b0 t0dZÆm ocFg&yg bk&m;)/ eHygwf (4) tem*wftusdK;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;u - (0dnmPf emrf½yk f oVm,we zó a0'emyg bk&m;)/ ig;av;vD ESpq f ,f þ&Spo f , G u f dk tvG,u f sufrw S f odaptyfonf oHo&mrSvw G af Mumif;wnf;/ omoem ok;H &yfaemf/ omoemb,fEpS &f yf/ (ok;H &yfyg bk&m;)/ tvG,fusufrSwf odaptyfonf oHo&mrSvGwfaMumif;wnf;/ 'Doif wef;pcJhNyDaemf/ qkdprf;yg/ (tvG,u f sufrw S f odaptyfonf oHo&mrS vGwaf Mumif;wnf;)/ tvG,u f sufrw S u f bmomoem (y&d,wdå omoemygbk&m;)? odaptyfonfu (y#dywåd omoemyg bk&m;)? oHo&mrS vGwaf Mumif;wnf;u (y#da0"omoemyg bk&m;)/ þokUd jzif&h if tm;vk;H bke;f BuD;wkUd Ak'b ¨ mom olawmfpifawG omoem ok;H &yf&w dS ,f/ okjYd zif&h if omoemqkw d m wjcm;vm;? tqk;H tr vm;/ (tqk;H tryg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh or®morÁK'¨jrwfpmG bk&m;&JU tqk;H trukd rdrw d rYdk &bl;qk&d if omoemrudef;bl;qkd&if vljzpfwm tvum;ygyJ/ tvum;vl jzpfwmygyJ/ wpfb0wpfeyfpmyJjzpfrSmyg/ tJ'v D rdk jzpfatmif omoem b,fEpS &f yf ude;f &rSmvJ/ (ok;H &yfued ;f &rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ - ,ck bmomoemvJ/ eHygwf (1) u (y&d,wdåomoemygbk&m;)/ y&d,wdå omoemude;f &r,faygh/ tJ'D y&d,wdå omoemrSm cE¨m? tm,we? "mwf? opöm/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oifaewmu bmomoemude;f zkUd / (y&d,wdå omoemyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gawG oifNyD;&if 'Dtwkdif;aerSmvm;/ vufawGU tm;xkwf&rSmvm;/ (vufawGUtm;xkwf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D cE¨m? tm,wew&m;awGudk ud, k w f idk u f , dk u f s ÓmPfeUJ jrifatmif uk, d cfh E¨m? a[m'D wpfvrH QavmufaomcE¨mrSm tJ'gawG Munhv f Udk jrif&if bmomoemude;f wmvJ/ (y#dywdåomoemude;f ygw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if y#dywåo d moemude;f vkUd 'Dtwkid ;f tm;xkw&f if y#da0" omoemu qkawmif;zkUd vk&d UJ vm;/ (rvkyd gbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh "r®oabm u olUtcsdew f ef&if 'um? 'umrawG [kwv f m;? ray:Ekid b f ;l vm;/ (ay: Ekid yf gw,f bk&m;)/ 'g - "r®&UJ wm0efaemf/ tJ'gaMumifrh Udk vkUd ,aeU y&dowf omoemtaejzifh ude;f zkUd uawmhjzihq f &dk if cE¨m? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f b,fEpS rf sdK; q&mawmfBuD;rdeUf oGm;wmvJ/ (ckEpS rf sdK; yg bk&m;)/ ckEpS rf sdK;u (cE¨m? tmowe? "mwf? opöm? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f? t½Ic?H t½IÓmPf)/ [kwNf yD/ tJ'D y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpuf0idk ;f BuD;udk oif&if;eJU tukev f ;Hk ygoGm; ygvdrrhf ,faemf/ 58

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

t&G w f a vmuf e J U rauseyf e J U uJ - 'Dawmh ,aeY y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpuf0idk ;f ukd poifawmhr,fqadk wmh rlvESpjf zmu b,foel UJ b,foyl gvdr/hf (t0dZÆmeJU wPSmyg bk&m;)/ NyD;awmh a[m'Dpuf0idk ;f &JU twGi;f 0kid ;f BuD;rSm t0dZÆm&,f? wPSm&,f qkad wmh tJ'D t0dZÆmeJUwPSmqkad wmh puf0idk ;f xJrmS om a&;jywm tck a,m*DwUdk rjrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,fb&k m;)/ tararG;wJh rsufped UJ jrifaewmaemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*Drsm; olawmfaumif;awGaemf? vljzpfvm&if rsufv;Hk wpfv;Hk wnf; xm;vkUd r&bl;/ b,fEpS v f ;Hk wyf&rSmvJ/ (ESpv f ;Hk wyf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ar;p&mjzpfr,f/ [m - t&Sif bk&m;? vlwidk ;f rsufpEd pS v f ;Hk &Sw d myJ qkad wmh 'gajymwmr[kwb f ;l / tararG; vku d w f hJ rsufv;Hk ESpv f ;Hk u rsufv;Hk wpfv;Hk vkUd ,l? bmrsufv;Hk wpfv;Hk / (uHrsufv;Hk wpfv;Hk )/ bk&m; omoemeJUMuHKvkUd bk&m;ay;wJh rsufv;Hk (0g) q&may;wJh rsufv;Hk onf ÓmPfrsufv;Hk / bmrsufv;Hk vJ/ (ÓmPfrsufv;Hk yg bk&m;)/ okjYd zifh a,m*DwUdk vl&,fvUkd jzpfvm&if rsufv;Hk ESpv f ;Hk &S&d rSmaygh/ bmrsufv;Hk eJU bmrsufv;Hk / (uHrsufv;Hk eJU ÓmPfrsufv;Hk yg bk&m;)/ tJ ' D a wmh ÓmPf r suf v k H ; uk d &rS o mvQif tk d e maovG w f r ,f / (rS e f v S y g)/ uH r suf v k H ; av;&½k H e J U tked maovGwyf ghrvm;/ (rvGwyf gbl;)/ 'Dawmh bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG [kwv f m;/ jrwfpmG bk&m; "r®pMum a[mwJt h cgusawmh yxrOD;qk;H aomwmyefwnfomG ;wm t&Sif aum@naemf/ b,foyl gvJ/ (t&Siaf um@nyg bk&m;)/ t&Sif aum@n yxrOD;qk;H 'um? 'umrawG - tif; - ÓmPfrsufv;Hk &oGm;wm/ pu©KH O'yg'd ÓmPH O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd r&bl;vm;/ 'DawmhrS tmavmaum O'yg'dqw dk m 'gbke;f BuD;wkUd a,m*DawG vlwidk ;f vlwidk ;f EIwzf sm;rSm&aewmyJ/ r&Gwb f ;l vm;/ (&Gwyf gw,f)/ okjYd zifh tJ'g&Gww f m ukov dk rf &bl;vm;/ &ygw,f/ &GwMf uprf;ygvdUk 'um? 'umrawGukd wku d w f eG ;f w,faygh/ okUd aomf tJ'&D w G w f u hJ o k v fdk u f wjcm;ukov dk v f m;/ uHuo k v dk v f m;/ (uH ukov dk yf g bk&m;)/ &Gww f u hJ o k v fdk u f bmukov dk /f (uHuo k v dk yf gbk&m;)/ okUd aomf w&m;awGudk &Gwaf ew,fqv dk Udk &S&d if umrm0p& ukov dk jf zpf w,f/ "r®'geukov dk f jzpfw,f/ &Gwpf rf;ygvkUd tm;ay;wku d w f eG ;f w,faygh/ okUd aomf tJ't D &Gwaf vmufuav;eJUawmh rauseyfeUJ aygh/ bmjzpfvUdk raus eyfeUJ vkUd qk&d if bmukov kd yf J jzpfao;vkUd vJ/ (uHuo k v kd yf J jzpfaeao;vkUd yg bk&m;)/ ur®b0 ypö,m (Zmwdygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh &Gw½f eHk UJ qkv d Ukd &S&d if 'um? 'umrawG tked mao rvGwaf o;bl;As/ (rSev f yS g)/ &Gw½f eHk UJ qkd tked mao vGwyf ghrvm;/ 'Dawmh pu©KH O'yg'd? ÓmPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'gyg'djzpfzUdk qdw k muawmh &Gwzf Udk r[kwyf gbl;/ jrifzUdk / bmzkUd vJ (jrifzUdk yg bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd jrifzUdk qkw d mvnf; wjcm;eJU jrif&rSmvm;/ ÓmPf rsufv;Hk eJU jrif&rSmvm;/ (ÓmPfrsufv;Hk eJUyg)/ ÓmPfrsufv;Hk eJU jrif&r,f/ 0dZÆmrsufv;Hk eJU jrif&r,f/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ 0dZÆmrsufv;Hk qkw d m 0dZÆm O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'v D dk O'yg'dawG ÓmPfrsufv;Hk awG &zkUd qkd wmu t0dZÆmuae bmjzpfrmS vJ/ (0dZÆmjzpf&rSmygbk&m;)/ wPSmu bmjzpfrS vJ/ (tavmb jzpfr)S / tavmb jzpfr/S wPSmu bmjzpfr/S (tavmb jzpfr)S / t0dZÆmu (0dZÆmjzpfrS)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if t0dZÆmuae 0dZÆmrjzpforQ umvywfvkH; bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG oHo&mrS vGwyf ghrvm;/ (rvGwyf gbl;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if ykaH oenf;av; jyefomG ;MuOD;aemf/ tJ'D t0dZÆm ukd tbd"r®meJUajymawmh wjcm;ajymwmvm;/ arm[ajymwmvm;/ (arm[yg bk&m;)/ wPSmukd tbd"r®meJUajymawmh avmb? wPSmukd (avmb)/ wPSmukd b,fvdk ac:rvJ/ (avmb)/ t0dZÆmukd (arm[)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if avmb? arm[? arm[? avmb/ t0dZmÆ qkw d m reufu oifcw hJ ,f/ wjcm;rodwmvm;/ opömav;yg; rodwmvm;? (opömav;yg; rodwmyg bk&m;)/ rlvESpjf zmqkw d hJ t0dZÆmeJU wPSmu wu,fawmh ud, k chf E¨m&JUjzpfaMumif;aemf/ t0dZÆmeJU wPSmu bmeJU bmeJUvJ/ (cE¨m&JU jzpfaMumif;ygbk&m;)/ okjYd zif&h if cE¨m&JUjzpfaMumif; qkad wmh a,m*DwUdk reufupcJNh yD/ opömav;yg;ukd 59

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rodwm (t0dZÆmyg)/ uJ - vku d q f /dk opömav;yg;? rodjim;?uG,fwm;ydwfum? t0dZÆm/ (2-acgufqkd) opömav;yg;ukrd odatmifz;Hk vTr;f xm;wmqkad wmh bko H ;Hk yg;rSm &S&d dS orQ ½kyef mrfawGonf 'kuo © pömawGcsnf;/ tJ'D 'kua© wGudk 'kuv © Udk rodrjrif Ekid jf cif;[m 'g'kuo © pömukd zk;H vTr;f wJh t0dZÆmyJ/ tvm;wlyJ wPSmavmb ukd'ku©jzpfaMumif;rSef;rod? edAÁmefukd 'ku©csKyf&mrSef;rod? r*¾if 8-yg;ukd edAmÁ efoUdk oGm;a&mufp&mvrf;aumif;rSe;f rodraI wG[m ork',r*¾EiS hf eda&m" ukd zk;H vTr;f wJh t0dZmÆ awGygyJ/ 'Dae&mrSm opöm 4-yg;ukd odw,fqw dk m oN*ØK[fo½kycf o JG vkd o½kyaf &wGuw f wfovkd onmod - trSwo f rd sdK; r[kwb f J ÓmPfoo d rd o S m todvYdk rSw&f r,f/

aus;Zl ; &S i f x if a e tJ'aD wmh opömav;yg; qkad wmh - ork',opöm? 'kuo © pöm/ 'Dawmh jrwfpmG bk&m; uk, d af wmfjrwfBuD;u yxrOD;qk;H pa[mwm 'kuo © pöm ukd pa[mygw,f/ bmukd pa[mwm ('kuo © pömygbk&m;)/ 'kuo © pömukd rodwm (t0dZmÆ )/ ork',opömudk rodwm (t0dZmÆ )/ r*¾opöm rodwm (t0dZmÆ )/ eda&m"opöm rodwm (t0dZmÆ )/ opömav;yg;ukd rodbeJ UJ oabm us wG,w f maewmu (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if oabmuswG,w f m aewmu wPSmqkad wmh 'gukd w&m;uk, d af [mwJt h cgusawmh jAKef;ceJ rrSwrf b d ;l / 'DawmhrS aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u OyrmeJU t0dZÆmeJU wPSmukd a[moGm;wmrsm; wpfcgwnf; wpfv;Hk wnf; rSwrf w d ,faygh/ rEÅav;uae &efuek u f w kd hJ EGm;owfzUdk EGm;awG wifw,f/ tJ'v D dk wifwt hJ cgusawmh EGm;owfr,fh yk*Kd¾ vfu ykid &f iS u f ayghaemf? olUEGm;awG tav;csed af wG avsmrh mS pk;d vkUd a&av;wku d v f u dk ?f tpmav;auR;vku d f 'um? 'umrawG rvky&f bl;vm;/ (vky&f ygw,fb&k m;)/ tkd - awmfMum rusef; rrmjzpf&ifcufr,f/ olUEGm;awG awmfMum aps;aumif;r&rSmpk;d vkUd trav; usef;rmatmif aq;0g;av; ukvu dk ?f EGm;awG oyfoyf&yf&yf jzpfatmif a&csdK;ay;vku d /f tdyw f t hJ cg rSmvnf; aoao csmcsm EGm;wif;ukyef UJ xm;vku d f rvkyb f ;l vm;/ tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vf EGm;ukd tpmauR;w,f? a&wku d w f ,f? aq;uk ay;w,f/ EGm;wif;ukyef UJ EGm;ukd aoaocsmcsmxm;w,f/ atmf-aemufq;Hk awmh jcifruku d &f atmif jcifaxmifudk axmifay;xm;wm/ t"dymÜ ,faemf/ okUd aomf tJ'ED mG ;owfwyhJ *k Kd¾ vf[m tJ'ED mG ;awGudk a&mif;jyKNy;D awmh pD;yGm;&SmrSmjzpfwt hJ wGuf EGm;owf½u Hk ydk Udk umeD; tJ'v D dk jyKpkaewm[m 'um? 'umrawG EGm;ukd cspw f phJ w d ef UJ vkyw f m [kw&f UJ vm; (r[kwyf gbl;bk&m;)/ arwåm&Sv d Udk vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ r[kwb f ;l / olUtusdK; pD;yGm;twGuf &Si;f NyDaemf/ okaYd omf bke;f BuD;wkUd a,m*Duom 'golUtusdK; pD;yGm;rkUd vkUd vkyw f m EGm;cspfvUdk r[kwb f ;l ? EGm;ukd arwåmxm;vkUd r[kwb f ;l / t"dygÜ ,faemf/ okUd aomf EGm;uawmh 'um? 'umrawG bke;f BuD;wkUd odovkd rodb;l / 'um? 'umrawG odovko d &d UJ vm;/ (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ rodb;l / wvGo J w d ,fAs/ b,fvkdodvJvkdUqkd&if ighukdauR;xm;wJh auR;&SifBuD; - [? arG;xm; wJh arG;&SifBuD; - [/ olYukd aeraumif;awmhvnf; aq;0g;ukay;? tdy&f m ae&m aumif;aumif;av; vkyaf y;? tjrJwrf;a&wku d af y;/ a&csdK;ay;? tpmauR;qkdawmh EGm;&JUpdwfxJrSm EGm;owfrJholudk olu auR;&Sif arG;&Sif aus;Zl;&SifBuD;vkdU rxifbl;vm;/ (xifygw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dvjdk zpf&if aus;Zl; &SiBf uD;vkUd xifwm[m vlvm;? EGm;vm; (EGm;ygbk&m;)/ aus;Zl; &Siv f Udk xifwm b,fov l /J (EGm;ygbk&m;)/ EGm; wJ/h tck bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawGu olUukd aus;Zl;&Siv f Udk xifao;vm;/ (rxifawmhygbl;bk&m;)/ trSet f wkid ;f jrifwm/ aus;Zl;&Sirf [kwb f ;l / 'Daumif EGm;owfrhJ taumif? tifrwefq;dk ? vlq;dk vlru dk -f aemf/ EGm;uko d wfNyD; pD;yGm;&Sm aewm 'Daumif vlaumif;vm;? vlq;dk vm;/ (vlq;dk yg bk&m;)/ bke;f BuD;wkUd ,aeY Ak'w ¨ &m;awmfeUJ ajym&if olUtoufowfae&if 'Dy*k Kd¾ vfonf vlru dk yf /J ygPmwdygw uk;d / &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ olwpfyg; toufudk owfNyD; awmhrS uk, d w hf pf0rf;wpfcg; pm;&rJt h vkyu f dk vkyaf wmh 60

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'Dy*k Kd¾ vfudk bke;f BuD;wkUd olawmfaumif;pm&if;xJ xnfv h Udk r&bl;/ bmjzpfvUdk vJ qkad wmh ig;yg;oDveJUwGuaf wmh b,fuu H dk usL;vGeaf ewmvJ/ (ygPmwdygw uHygbk&m;)/ ygPmwdygwuHusL;vGeaf ewJt h wGuf olonf vlru dk yf v J Udk tm;vk;H 'um? 'umrawG bke;f BuD;wkUd odw,faygh/ okUd aomf EGm;u olUukd vlru dk v f Udk xifwmvm;/ aus;Zl;&Siv f Udk xifwmvm;/ (aus;Zl;&Siv f Udk xifwmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh aus;Zl;&SifvkdUxifawmh olrsm;tem; a&mufvmvkdU&Sd&if 'um? 'umrawG acGUzkdUrajymeJU ,ufumyufumeJUEGm;u? 'g - q&mawmf OyrmeJUa[mxm;wmaemf/ EGm;onf auR;&Siaf rG;&Sif aus;Zl;&SiBf uD; xifNyD; awmh tJ'DEGm;owfrJhol tem;a&mufvmwJhtcgusawmh wpfcgwnf; ,ufvkdufzufvkdufeJU tJ'Dvkd yGwo f ;D yGwo f yf rvkyb f ;l vm;/ (vkyyf gw,f)/'gjzifh tJ'v D dk yGwo f ;D yGwo f yf vkyw f monf vlvm;? EGm;vm;/ (EGm;ygbk&m;)/ auR;&Siaf rG;&Sif aus;Zl;&Siv f Udk xifwmonf vlvm;? EGm;vm;/ (EGm;ygbk&m;)/ [kwNf yD/ 'gu Oyrmaqmif a[mwmyg/

ud k , f h u d k o wf w J h & ef o l uJ - Oyar,su bke;f BuD;wkUd ud, k b hf 0eJUuk, d f [yfMuygpkUd / ud, k hf b0eJUuk, d f [yfwt hJ cgusawmh uJ tck bke;f BuD;wkUd eHygwf ESpt f uGuf ypöKyÜeu f mvxJrmS ra&mufb;l vm;/ (a&mufygw,fb&k m;)/ tck b,ftusdK; eJU ae&wmvJ/ (ypöKyÜet f usdK; wpfvmT eJUygbk&m;)/ ypöKyÜet f usdK; wpfvmT eJUaewmaemf/ ypöKyÜet f usdK; wpfvmT qkw d m wjcm;&vkUd vm;/ cE¨m ig;yg; &vkUd vm;? (cE¨mig;yg;&vkUd ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wkdU&wmu vljzpfwJhtwGuf vlUcE¨maygh/ tJ'Dvkd ewfjzpf&if bmcE¨m ac:rvJ/ (ewfcE¨mygbk&m;)/ tu,fvUdk jA[®mjzpf&if bmcE¨mac:rvJ/ (jA[®mcE¨mac:ygr,fb&k m;)/ tu,fí acG;jzpf&if bmcE¨mac:rvJ/ (acG;cE¨m ac:ygr,f bk&m;)/ ynwftm;jzifo h m ajymif; oGm;aomfvnf; tm;vk;H NcHKvku d w f t hJ cg cE¨m&wmygyJ? &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'aD wmh cE¨m&NyDq&dk if 'um? 'umrawG pOf;pm;Munh/f y#doaE¨ aejcif;? tdjk cif;? emjcif;? aojcif; qkw d hJ 'D'u k a© wG vGwyf ghrvm;/ (rvGwyf gbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh tkw d m? emwm? aowmonf wjcm;&vkUd vm;? cE¨m&vkUd vm;/ (cE¨m&vkUd ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif7h if bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG pOf;pm; Munfah emf/ a[m'DcE¨m&wJyh *k Kd¾ vfwidk ;f ? yk*Kd¾ vfwidk ;f ud, k u hf dk owfwm wjcm; uowfwmvm;? cE¨muowfwmvm;/ (cE¨muowfwmyg bk&m;)/ b,fou l owfwmvJ/ (cE¨muowfwmyg)/ xif&mkS ;oGm;NyDaemf/ tJ'aD wmh aumif;NyD/ cE¨mu uk, d u hf o dk wfw,fqadk wmh ud, k u hf o dk wfwo hJ u l rdwaf qG vm;? &efov l m;/ (&efoyl gbk&m;)/ &efoal emf/ uJ - 'Dawmh bke;f BuD;wkUd Y 'um? 'umrrsm; pOf;pm;aemf/ a[m'D &aewJh cE¨monf rdrb d 0ukd wpfoufv;Hk wpfoo H &mvk;H owfvmwm aygh/ vljzpfvnf;yJ taoqk;d eJUrao&bl;vm;/ (ao&ygw,fb&k m;)/ ewfjzpfawmhvnf;yJ (ao&ygw,f bk&m;)/ jA[®mjzpfawmhvnf;yJ (ao&yg w,f bk&m;)/ i&J? wd&pämef? Nyw d må ? tol&um,f usawmhvnf; (ao&yg w,f bk&m;)/ tJ'v D adk owmonf wjcm;&vkUd vm;? cE¨m&vkUd vm;/ (cE¨m& vkyYd g bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if cE¨m&wJyh *k Kd¾ vfwidk ;f ? yk*Kd¾ vfwidk ;f a,m*DwUdk bke;f BuD;wkUd twGuf rdwaf qGvm;? &efov l m;/ (&efoyl g bk&m;)/ okjYd zif&h if &efoq l w dk mu wu,fo h bm0twkid ;f jrif&rSmayghaemf/ tJ'v D rdk sdK;&efov l Udk wpfoufv;Hk wpfoo H &mvk;H u uJ - tm;vk;H aom aqGawmf rsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawG jrif&UJ vm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ rjrifb;l / &efov l Ukd rjrifb;l / &efov l Ydk rjrifwt hJ jyifrf mS tJ'cD E¨mukd rdwaf qGvUdk awmif jrifao;w,f/ ckeu EGm;BuD;onf olUuko d wfro hJ u l dk auR;&Siaf rG;&SiBf uD;? ,ufumyufum vkyo f vkd cifrifovk/d &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ 'Dawmh tJ'u D , dk u hf dk owfr&hJ efou l dk &eforl eS ;f rodwmu b,foo Yl wå/d (t0dZÆm owåd ygbk&m;)/ a[m - tJ'gukd cE¨mxJoiG ;f vku d yf gaemf/ uk, d chf E¨monf uk, d u hf dk rowfb;l vm;/ (owfygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'D uk, d u hf o dk wfr&hJ efou l dk &eforl eS ;f rodwmu (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ rodwt hJ wGuf 'DcE¨mukd cifaewmu (wPSm ygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmeJU wPSmu olrsm;jzpfwmvm;? uk, d u f , dk w f idk f jzpfchJ wmvm;/ (ud, k u f , dk w f idk f jzpfcw hJ myg 61

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bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh 'DcE¨mukd cifwmu wPSm? 'DcE¨mukd cifwmu (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ 'DcE¨monf 'kuo © pömvkUd rodwmu (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ rodwhJ twGuf cifwmu (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oGm;vku d af wmh rlvESpjf zm/ rlvESpjf zm qkw d m b,foel UJ b,fo/l (t0dZÆmeJUwPSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh tJ'D t0dZÆmeJU wPSmqkw d hJ rlvESpjf zm[m ,ckrjS zpfwmvm;/ wpfoo H &mvk;H u jzpfcw hJ mvm;/ (wpfoo H &mvk;H u jzpfcw hJ mygbk&m;)/ olEydS pf ufcv hJ Udk bk&m;tqlql vGcJ yhJ gw,f/ bk&m;wpfql wpfqyl iG &hf if pmxJrmS ygNyD; om;aemf/ bk&m;wpfql wpfql yGi&hf if 'um? 'umrawG y&dowfawG trsm;BuD;/ ruRwfb;l vm;/ (uRwfygw,f)/ bk&m;wpfql wpfqrl mS uRwfomG ;wJo h l uRwfomG ;wJh olawGudk ra&rwGuEf idk af tmifygyJ/ ra&rwGuf Ekid af vmufatmif ygjim;aomfvnf;yJ ,aeU aMomf rdrw d Ydk tJ'x D rJ mS rygbl;qkad wmh - awGUvkUd vm;? a&Smifcv hJ Udk vm;/ (a&Smifcv hJ Udk yg)/ a&Smifcw hJ m b,foUl aMumifv h /J (t0dZÆmaMumifyh g)/

rd k u f v d k U jyef a wG U Muwm b,favmufaMumufp&maumif;vJ a,m*DwUdk / okUd aomf uk, d u hf , dk f ukd tJ'v D dk a&SmifcrhJ eS ;f rodb;l / u,fro hJ el UJ awGUwkid ;f awGUwkid ;f a&Smifa&Smif a&SmifNyD; rajy;cJb h ;l vm;/ ajy;cJw h ,f/ 'Dvdk jrwfpmG bk&m; uk, d af wmfjrwf BuD;onf avmurSm yGiv hf mwm[m owå0gawGukd u,fzUdk / 'gaMumifh bke;f BuD;wkUd bk&m;&Scd ;dk &Sw d myJ/ Aka'¨g avmau orkyaÜ Eém? [dwm, oAÁygPdeH qkw d m/ avmuBuD;ukd u,fzUdk tvkUd iSm avmuBuD;tusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf jrwfpmG bk&m;ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD; ryGib hf ;l vm;/ (yGiyhf gw,fb&k m;)/ **Fg 0gVK oJprk u bk&m;awG yGiyhf ifyiG jhf im;aomfvnf; a[m'Dw&m;a[mwJh bke;f BuD;eJU wuGtm;vk;H aom a,m*DawGyg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ rygbl;/ uJ -'Dawmh uk, d ahf qGawGrsdK;awG &if;&if;ES;D ES;D ar;&r,f/ cifAsm;wkUd b,fomG ; aeMuvJ/ b,favmuf rkdufovJqkdwm pOf;pm;Munhfprf;/ ukd,fhu,frJholu tdrfay:a&mufvmwmawmifrSyJ tawGUrcHyJ xGufajy;wJh b0qkad wmh uk, d x hf ufru dk w f m &Sad o;&JUvm;/ pOf;pm;Munhaf emf/ awmfao; &JUAsm - ck - w&m;yGJ a&mufvmvkUd tJ'x D rJ mS tckyv’iaf y:u bke;f BuD;u acgif;aqmif ayghaemf - xm;vku d /f 'Davmufru dk v f Udk 'Dbek ;f BuD;eJY 'Da,m*DawG jyefawGUwm r[kwb f ;l vm;/ [m - okUd aomf rku d cf siv f Udk rdu k w f mvm;/ q&meJUrawGUvkUd vm;/ (q&meJUrawGUvkUd ygbk&m;)/ atmf-q&meJUrawGU wmawmh t"duaygh/ okUd aomf q&meJUawGUaomfvnf;yJ q&mhudk auGUywf a&Smifaeawmh bk&m;ukd auGUywf a&Smifaeawmh rawGUbl;/ tJ'aD wmh ruRwfEidk af tmif rawGUEkid af tmif vSnyhf wfa&Smifaewm b,foel UJ b,fov l /J (t0dZmÆ eJU wPSmyg bk&m;)/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ - ,aeU tifrwef bke;f xl;uHx;l &SMd uwJt h wGuf t0dZÆmuae bmjzpf rSmvJ/ (0dZÆmjzpfrSmyg bk&m;)/ wPSmuae (tavmb jzpfrSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'DvkdjzpfvkdUqkdawmh 'um? 'umrawG 0dZÆmÓmPfwpfÓmPf &zkUd qkw d mu vG,yf ghrvm;/ (rvG,yf gbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh t0dZÆmqkw d m[m tarSmifz;Hk wmaygh/ t0dZÆmqkw d m bmwJv h /J (tarSmifz;Hk wmyg)/ tJ ' D tarS m if z k H ; vm wJ h t csd e f t cgrS m b,f a vmuf aMumuf p &m aumif ; ovJ q k d & if v,f w D q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;rsm; a[mxm;ovkyd J [kwv f m;/ t0dZÆm&JU tarSmifudk OyrmeJUay;a[mxm;wm/ tifrwef rd;k arSmifBuD;uswJh tcsdet f cgrSm 'um? 'umrawG bmrS rjrif&ovk?d vuG,n f qkw d mvnf;yJ rarSmifb;l vm;/ (arSmifygw,f)/ oef;acgif,Htcsdef onfvnf; rarSmifbl;vm;/ (arSmifygw,f)/ rdk;arSmifBuD;usae&ifvnf; rarSmifb;l vm;/ (arSmifygw,f)/ tJ't D csdef uk, d u f awmtkyt f v,f a&mufaewmaygh/ av;csuf a[mxm;w,f/ t0dZÆmukd a[mxm;wmaemf/ vuG,n f tcsde?f oef;acgif,t H csde?f awmtkyBf uD; tv,faumifrmS a&mufNyD;awmh 'um? 'umrawG 62

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rd;k arSmifusaewJh tcsdet f cgrSm ud, k v hf ufukd axmifMunfv h Ykd jrifyghrvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ rjrifwmu rsufprd &Sv d Ykd rjrifwmvm;/ &Sv d sufeYJ rjrifwmvm;/ (&Sv d sufeUJ rjrifwmygbk&m;)/ bmjzpfvYkd rjrifwmvJ/ arSmiftm;BuD;vk?Yd tarSmifxak wG zH;k tm;BuD;vdYk ud, k ahf jc? ud, k v hf ufawmif rjrifEikd yf gbl;/ tJ'v D kd rjrifEikd b f ;l qd&k if OyrmqdMk uygpd/Yk awmxJ tJ't D csderf mS ud, k u hf , kd u f kd rjrifawmh 'um? 'umrawGtem; a>rayG;wpfaumifa&muf aew,f/ uJ jrifyghrvm;/ (rjrifygbl;)/ rjrifwufeif;&if eif;rSmyJ/ rjrif&if (wufeif;rSmyg)/ wufeif;&if a>rayG;u b,fvekd nf;eJrY S oufomay;rSm r[kwyf gbl;/ udu k rf mS ygyJ/ 'D udu k v f u kd v f Ykd tudu k cf &H &if 'um? 'umrawG oufom yghrvm;/ (roufomygbl;bk&m;) aojcif;qd;k aovdrrhf ,faygh/ 'Dawmh 'Dvakd ojcif;qd;k aowJb h 0rsKd ;eJY BuHK&wmu jrifvv Ydk m;/ rjrifvv Ykd m;? (rjrifvyYkd gbk&m;)/ rjrifwm wjcm;aMumifv h m;? arSmifvv Ykd m;/ (arSmifvyYkd g bk&m;)/ tJ'D arSmifw,fqw kd m Oyrmay;a[m aewm/ b,foaYl jymwmygvdr/hf (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG wpfoufv;kH wpfoo H &mvH;k tJ'v D kd tarSmifxBk uD; usvmcJv h Ykd taoqd;k aocJ&h w,fvYkd oabmxm;yg/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'aD wmh ud, k t hf em;rSm &efoal &mufaewm ud, k u hf , kd u f kd a>rBuD;a&mufaewmudk rjrifwt hJ wGuaf Mumifh trSww f rJh oGm;eif;rdwt hJ wGuf tJ'v D rkd sKd ; 'kua© wGeMYJ uHKcJ&h wJb h 0awGu ra&Edik b f ;l aygh/ tJ'g b,foUl owåd (t0dZmÆ owå)d / &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'aD wmhrjrifwhJ tcgusawmh vdck sifwmawG rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fb&k m;)/

tzH k ; ig;zH k ; tJ'aD wmh rjrifwmu t0dZÆm? vdck sifwmu (wPSm)? pGv J ef;wmu (Oyg'gef)? aqmif&u G w f mu (ur®b0)? ur®b0 ypö,m (Zmwd)/ td-k b0wdik ;f ? b0wdik ;f rSm aojcif;qd;k aocJ&h wmygyJ/ 'g y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f&UJ oabm oGm;/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,f)/ 'Dawmh tJ'aD vmuf arSmifae&wJh tarSmifxBk uD;udk **Fg0gVK oJprk u bk&m;awGukd a&SmifcJhwJh tarSmifonf b,ftarSmifvJ/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmtarSmif/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'gudk bkef;BuD;wkdY oifwef;q&mrsm;u t0dZÆmudk bke;f BuD;wdYk aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u tarSmifig;pif; tvif;ig;csufeYJ a[mxm;cJyh gw,f/ 'DaeY 'Doifwef;av;pr,faemf/ tarSmif ig;pif;? tvif; ig;csufqw kd hJ w&m;rSm - OyrmqdMk uygpk?Yd a[m'D cGut f eDav;aygh/ 'Dcu G t f eDav;udk a,m*DwYkd tckvMkd unfv h u kd w f t hJ cgusawmh a,m*DwYkd rjrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,fb&k m;)/ jrifw,f/ tu,fvYkd tJ'cD u G t f eDav;udk 'Dvkd zH;k xm;vkUd &S&d if jrifyghO;D rvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ rjrif awmhbl;/ 'Dawmh zHk;xm;w,fqdkwm wjcm;eJUwlwm r[kwfbl;/ t0dZÆmeJU wlwm/ zH;k xm;wm bmeJUwlygvdr/hf (t0dZÆmeJY wlygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'v D ckd u G ef UJ wlwhJ t0dZÆmu zH;k xm;awmh twGi;f xJrmS &Sw d hJ t&mudk jrifyghO;D rvm;/ (rjrifygbl;l bk&m;)/ 'DawmhrS bke;f BuD;wdYk q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u rdeo Yf mG ;wmu tJ'aD wmh twGi;f xJu &Sw d t hJ &mudk trSet f wdik ;f rjrifwt hJ cgusawmh ab;uvlu ajym&if olrsm;yg;pyfzsm; vrf;qH;k oGm;wmygyJ/ olrsm; yg;pyfzsm; vrf;qH;k w,f qdw k mu [m - a[m'DxrJ mS a[h ywåjrm;wH;k BuD;&Sw d ,f ponfjzifh ajymr,f/ ud, k rf odb;l qdak wmh olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;vrf;qH;k awmh 'um? 'umrawG r,Hb k ;l vm;/ (,Hyk gw,f)/ ,Hw k ,fqw kd m jrifvYkd ,Hw k mvm;/ rjrifvYkd ,Hw k mvm;/ (rjrifv, Ykd w kH mygbk&m;)/ ud, k w f idk u f , kd u f s rjrifawmh? olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;vrf;qH;k awmh ywåjrm;qdk ywåjrm;BuD;yJ atmufarhvu dk f wmaygh/ okaYd omfvnf; uk, d w f idk u f , kd u f s wu,fawmh[m - cifAsm;ajymwm usKyfr,Hkbl;/ udk,fudk,fwdkifjrifrS ,Hkr,f? zGifhudkMunfhOD;r,fqdkawmh zGiMhf unfv h u kd af wmh ywåjrm;awGUwmvm;? cGut f eDawGwmvm;/ (cGut f eD awGUwmygbk&m;)/ [m-cifAsm;-ywåjrm;eJaY wmh qifaumif;qifr,f/ 'gayrJh - ywåjrm;r[kwb f ;l / 'DrmS cGuBf uD;/ olrsm;ajym wmvm;/ ud, k w f idk u f , dk u f s jrifwmvm;/ (ud, k w f idk u f , dk u f s jrifwmygbk&m;)/ okjYd zifh tJ'v D kd ud, k w f ifdk u f , kd u f s jrifwmu 0dZÆmÓmPf/ ud, k w f idk f uk, d u f s jrifwmu (0dZÆmÓmPfygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh t0dZÆm&,f? 0dZÆm&,f ESpfrsdK;&Sdw,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh - wpfoufvHk;? wpfoHo&mvHk;? bkef;BuD;wdkY 63

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olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;vrf;qH;k cJw h mu bmtkyx f m;vdv Yk /J (t0dZmÆ tkyx f m; vdyYk gbk&m;)/ b,favmufaMumufp&maumif;vJ? 'um? 'umrawG/ tif; - vlcsrf;omuG? ewfcsrf;omuG? jA[®mcsrf;omuG? [kwv f m;? tr,fav; ewfcsrf;omqd&k if b,fvt kd a&mifawG bmawGeYJ zdwzf w d f awmufw,fqakd wmh ud, k v f nf; odwmr[kwb f ;l / a[m - w&m;enf;enf; eufomG ;NyDaemf/ w&m;enf;enf;eufomG ;NyD? a,m*DwYkd em;BuD;BuD;em;axmifyg? [kwv f m;/ tJ'aD wmh 'gudk opömrsupf ed w YJ yfMunfw h hJ tcgusawmh tJ'gudk vufc&H rSm r[kwb f ;l / olrsm;ajymwmudk vufc&H rSmvm;? ud, k w f idk jf rifwmudk vufc&H rSmvm;/ (ud, k w f idk jf rifwmudk vufc&H rSmygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh ,ckajymaewJh y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;? opömw&m;awG[m olrsm;yg;pyfzsm; vrf;qHk;wmvm;? ud, k w f idk jf rifww hJ &m;awGvm;/ (ud, k w f ikd jf rifww hJ &m;awGygbk&m;)/ ud, k w f ikd jf rifEikd af tmif enf;vrf;ay;ae wmygyJ/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ odjYk zifh ud, k w f ikd jf rifEikd af tmif a[m'DrmS zH;k xm;wJh tzH;k udk 'Dtwdik ;f xm;&rSmvm;? zGiyhf pf&rSmvm;/ (zGifhypf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'DtzHk;u b,favmufxd&SdovJqdkvdkY&Sd&if wpfxyfwnf;awmif r[kwfbl;? ig;xyf xyfxm;w,fw/hJ b,fEpS x f yf? (ig;xyfygbk&m;)/ tck - bke;f BuD;wdYk a,m*DawG wpfoufv;kH wpfoo H &mvH;k u 'DtzH;k ig;zH;k tzH;k cH&wmvdYk rSwv f u kd yf g/ wpfz;kH xJawmifrS txJrmS bm&So d vJrjrif&if ig;zH;k zH;k xm;&if jrifEikd yf ghO;D rvm;/ (rjrifEikd yf gbl;bk&m;)/ odjYk zif&h if tJ'v D kd tzH;k cHxm;wJh b0awGu vufcsdK;a&vdYk &&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;? b,favmufxd r&ovJ qdv k Ukd &S&d if jrwfpmG bk&m;vnf; a[mxm;wmaemf/ bk&m;wpfql wpfqel UJ tMum;rSm t½d;k 13-rkid af vmuf wufw,fw/hJ a[m'DtzH;k zH;k cH&vdYk wufwm/ taoawG rukeEf ikd v f aYkd yghaemf/ vljzpfvnf;ao? ewfjzpfvnf; ao? jA[®mjzpfvnf;ao? acG;jzpfvnf;ao? 0ufjzpfvnf;ao? i&Jusvnf; ao? trsdK;rsdK;aocJw h hJ taoawG[m wpfb0eJw Y pfb0 a&Edik &f UJ vm;/ (ra&Edik yf gbl;)/ ra&Edik v f Ykd taoawG? ra&Edik v f Ykd t½d;k 13rdik af vmuf wufw,fw/hJ tJ'v D kd 13-rdik af vmuf wufavmufatmif t½d;k awGeYJ taoqd;k aocJw h m tzH;k b,fEpS zf ;kH zH;k cH&vdv Yk /J (ig;zH;k ygbk&m;)/ tJ't D zH;k qdw k m wjcm;ajymwmvm;? t0dZÆmajymwmvm;/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆm ig;xyfukd tzH;k cHxm;&wJt h wGuf bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrwdYk taoqd;k aocJ&h wmyg/ ,aeY tifrwef r[muHx;l &Siaf wG jzpfw,fvYkd bke;f BuD;xyfwvJvJ ajymaewm[m 'DtzH;k udu k bk&m;wpfql wpfql yGirhf S zGiEhf ikd w f m/ tzHk;udk b,folzGifhEdkfifvJ/ (bk&m;wpfql wpfqlyGifhrS zGifhEdkifwmyg)/ 'Dawmh **Fg0gVK oJpkru bk&m;awG[m 'DtzH;k awGukd tukezf iG zhf iG o hf mG ;wm/ odaYk omf ud, k ef u YJ , kd f rtyfpyfvYkd a&Smifajy;aevdYk 'DtzH;k ryGiw hf maygh/ a[mtck ,aeY jrwfpmG bk&m; ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD; r&Sad omfvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemrSm 'um? 'umrawG vlvmNyD; rjzpf&bl;vm;/ (jzpf&ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh vlvmjzpfvYdk 'DtzH;k udrk S rzGi&hf if bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG vljzpfwm tvum;jzpfwmyJ/ q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; [kwv f m;/ 'um<u,f - OD;vSb;l wkYd cifAsm;wkYd touf 60?

70? 80 awGjzpfaewm/ tvum; toufBuD;aewm? qefBuD;BuD;aewm a[m'D tzH;k rzGiv hf Ukd / okjYd zifh bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG ,aeY y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fa'oem eJY 0dZÆmÓmPfomr&&if tzH;k zH;k NyD;om; rjzpfb;l vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ tJ'v D q kd &kd if qefBuD; BuD;wJt h xJ rygbl;vm;/ (ygygw,fb&k m;)/ tifrwef tckbek ;f uH xl;w,fqw kd m qefBu;D Bu;D wJh txJu vGwaf tmif wjcm;vky&f rSmvm;? tzH;k awG zGi&hf rSmvm;? (tzH;k awGziG &hf rSmygbk&m;)/ tzH;k awG zGiv hf u kd &f iftxJrmS bmqdw k m a,m*DwYkd aoaocsmcsm rjrifEikd b f ;l vm;/ (jrifEikd yf gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'v D kd ud, fk w f idk f ud, k u f s jrifwmonf olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;vrf;rqH;k awmhb;l / tJ'ÓD mPfonf wjcm;ÓmPfvm;? 0dZmÆ ÓmPfvm;/ (0dZÆmÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tJ'0D Zd ÆmÓmPf&&if edAÁmefonf 'kid ;f ueJ a,m*DwYdk jrif&NyD/ 0dZÆmÓmPf&&if bmudk jrif&r,f/ (edAÁmefukd jrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if ,aeYA'k ¨bmom0if olawmfpifawG bk&m;wnfNyD; qkawmif;aewm edAÁmef/ ausmif;aqmufNyD; qkawmif;aewm (edAÁmef)/ &Sijf yK&[ef;cHvyk Nf yD; qkawmif;aewm (edAÁmef)/ td-k avmurSm &So d rQ ukov kd af umif;rIawG vkyf vkyfNyD; qkawmif;aewm bmygvdrfh/ (edAÁmefyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if edAÁmefudk jrifEdkifzdkYu wjcm;ÓmPf& &rSmvm;? 0dZÆmÓmPf &&rSmvm;/ (0dZÆmÓmPf& &rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ajrjyifuae aumif;uifxdatmif 64

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'geawGjyKa[m'Dvkd tzH;k zH;k xm;vd&Yk &dS if edAÁmefukd jrifEikd yf ghrvm;/ (rjrifEikd yf gbl;bk&m;)/ a[m-a,m*DwYdk ,aeY a[m'DtzH;k udk om zGiv hf u dk &f if vdck sifwq hJ k wpfoufv;kH wpfoo H &mvH;k u awmif;vmwJh qku rjynfEh ikd b f ;l vm;/ (jynfEh ikd yf gw,fb&k m;)/ at;-tJ'gaMumifh ,aeY y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifwef;udk em;vnf&if rdrw d Ykd qkawmif; jynfNh yDvYkd 0rf;omprf;yg/ bke;f BuD;u tom;vGwf csD;rGr;f ajymaewm r[kwb f ;l aemf/ aumif;NyD-'Dawmh ,aeY a,m*DwYdk tzHk;u b,fESpfzHk; tzHk;cH&vJ/ (ig;zHk;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ig;zHk;udk ,aeYzGifhvkdY yGifhoGm;&if NyD;oGm;ygNyD/ b,favmuf0rf;omp&m aumif;vJ/ tzH;k ig;zH;k zGiNhf y;D vdUk &S&d if wjcm;ay:rSmvm;? edAmÁ efay:rSmvm;/ (edAmÁ efay:rSmygbk&m;)/ [m-ukd,fawmf tajymBuD;vScsnfhvm;qkdvdkU&Sd&if udk,fawmfpum;udk 'um? 'umrawG vrf;rqHk;eJY? vufawGUtvkyv f yk Mf unfph rf;yg/ vufawGU tvkyv f yk Ef ikd zf Ydk enf;vrf;? pnf;urf;udk q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; Oyedó, twkid ;f aus;Zl;qyfr,faemf/ uJ-'Dawmh tzH;k u b,fEpS zf ;kH (ig;zH;k ygbk&m;)/ tJ'iD g;zH;k u bmvJvq Ykd w kd mudk pr,faemf/ oifwef;u uJ-vku d q f Mdk u/ eHygwf (1) tzH;k u --- ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPf eHygwf (2) u emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf eHygwf (3) u ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓmPf? eHygwf (4) u vu©PÓmPf? eHygwf (5) u r*fÓmPf? 'Dvjkd zif&h if t0dZmÆ qdw k muawmh tzH;k 5-zH;k tkyx f m;wJh oabm/ 0dZmÆ qdw k mu odoifw h w hJ &m;awG odomG ;&if wjcm;ÓmPf&wmvm;? 0dZÆmÓmPf&wmvm;/ (0dZÆmÓmPf&wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if a,m*DwYdk ÓmPfb,fEpS Óf mPf &&r,f/ (ig;ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tJ'gudk q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; w&m;acgif;pOfay;xm;wmu tarSmifig;pif; tvif;ig;csu/f q&mawmfay;xm;wJh emrnfu bmwJv h /J (tarSmifig;pif; tvif;ig;csuf ygbk&m;)/ bk&m;tvdak wmfustwkid ;f aus;Zl;&Siq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD; a[moGm;wmaemf/ bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG tifrwefux H ;l vkYd 'Dw&m;rsdK;em&w,fvYkd rSwaf emf/ okaYd omf pmayusrf;*efrmS ol[ Y meJUolawmh &Syd gw,f/ bk&m;a[mxm;wm r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ ]]pmum;rSe\ f / ÓmPfrrD? xda&mufol rod}}qdw k hJ pum;vd?k pmawmh pmxJ&adS ewmyJ? uk, d rf S r,lwwfwmyJ/ pmt&St d wkid ;f om ,lwwf&if tuke&f [EÅmawG jzpfuek rf mS / &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ wpfa,mufrS tyg,fusrSm &Srd mS r[kwb f ;l / pmxJrmS &Sw d hJ a'oempOfawGukd cE¨mxJta&muf ydEYk ikd w f mu wjcm;uydw Yk mvm;? q&morm;u ydw Yk mvm;/ (q&morm;u ydaYk y;wmygbk&m;)/ tck bke;f BuD;wdYk uHaumif;w,fqw kd m q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;\ w&m;awGukd ,ckemcGi&hf wmyg/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tck ÓmPf b,fEÓS mPfukd oifaewmvJ/ (ig;ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ uJ-uJ 'gtvGw&f oGm;atmif qdMk unf/h a,m*Dopfrsm;twGuaf emf/ (1) ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPf? (2) emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf? (3) ypö, y&d*[ ¾ ÓmPf? (4) vu©PÓmPf? (5) r*fÓmPf/ ÓmPfb,fEÓS mPfv/J (ig;ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tJ-tJ'guawmh wpfcgwnf; tvGwu f kd &ae&r,f/ tcsderf a&G; jyefpOf;pm;vdu k &f if a'guf a'guf a'guf 'Dvjdk zpfae&r,f--aemf/ tJ'gu usufxm;&rSm/ tJ-'Dawmh 'um? 'umrawG wynfah wmfwu Ydk touft&G,u f BuD;Ny?D ÓmPfu xdik ;f Ny?D r&bl;/ aps;rqpfe?YJ 'gawmh aps;qpfvrYkd &bl;/ 'Dxufbek ;f BuD;avQmah ps; ay;&if tvum; jzpfomG ;rSmaygh/ r&vkjYd zpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;bk&m;)/ r&vkrYd jzpfb;l qkad wmh tcka,m*Dvnf; ig;&meD;yg;avmuf&w dS ,f/ wpfa,mufcsi;f ukd ppfrjS zpfr,f/ wpfa,mufcsi;f ppf&rSm/ bmvdv Yk q J akd wmh 65

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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bke;f BuD;wkYd 'Davmuf tyifyef;cHNyD; a[mxm;wmyJAsm/ r&bJeUJ tdrf rjyef&bl;? [kwv f m;/ tif;-cufNyD/ r&bJ tdrfjyefvTwfvdkY rjzpfbl;av/ tJawmh &NyDqdkrS wpfa,mufcsif;ppfNyD; awmhrSudk a,m*DwdkY tdrfjyefcdkif;r,f/ raumif;bl;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,fb&k m;)/ tif;-aemufzufu toHenf; enf;wk;d oGm;w,f? aemufzufuawmh toHenf;enf;wdk;oGm;NyD/ tvG,f us,frSwfaemf/ ÓmPfb,fESpfÓmPf/ (ig;ÓmPfyg)/ 'Dawmh ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPfqw kd m 'ga,m*Da[mif;awGvnf; xyfwvJvJ *½kpu dk yf gaemf? a,m*DopfawGtwGuv f nf; OD;pm;ay;NyD; ajym&w,f? [kwv f m;/ ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfqdkwmu uHESifh tusdK;ay;udk ,HkMunfaomÓmPf/ uHESifhtusdK;ay;udk ,HMk unfaomÓmPf/ qdv k u kd yf g/ (uHEiS t hf usdK;ay;ud, k MkH unfaomÓmPf)/ pmvdk b,fvakd c:vJ/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPf)/ jrefrmvku d (uHEiS t hf usdK;ay;udk ,HMk unfaomÓmPf)/ a&S U wpf y d k ' f o G m ;r,f / emr½l y y&dapä'ÓmPf/ qdkprf;yg/ (emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf)/ emrfESifh½kyfudk ydkif;jcm; odaomÓmPf/ (emrfESifh½kyfudk ydik ;f jcm;odaomÓmPf)/ uJ-pmvdak jym? (emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf)/ jrefrmvdu k (emrfEiS ½hf yk u f ykd idk ;f jcm;odaomÓmPf)/ eHygwfwpfjyefqykd g/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|Od mPf)/ jrefrmvdu k (uHEiS t hf usdK;ay;udk ,HMk unfaomÓmPf)/ eHygwfEpS u f (emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf)/ jrefrmvdu k (emrfEiS ½hf yk u f kd ydik ;f jcm; odaomÓmPf)/ eHygwfo;kH u ypö, y&d*[ ¾ ÓmPf/ bmygvdr/hf (ypö, y&d*[ ¾ ÓmPf)/ 'Dawmh ypö, y&d*[ ¾ ÓmPf qdu k taMumif;udk odr;f qnf;odaomÓmPf? tusdK;udk odr;f qnf;odaomÓmPf/ qkpd rf;yg/ (taMumif;udk odr;f qnf; odaomÓmPf? tusKd ;udk odr;f qnf;od aomÓmPf)/ tJ'gbmÓmPfac:vJ/ (ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓmPf)/ jrefrmvdu k (taMumif;udk od r f ; qnf ; od a omÓmPf ? tusd K ;ud k od r f ; qnf ; od a omÓmPf ) / tJ ' gwG J N yD ; ajym&if (taMumif ; tusd K ;ud k odr;f qnf;odaomÓmPf)/ pmvdu k (ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓmPf)/ jrefrmvdu k (taMumif;tusdK;udk odr;f qnf;od aomÓmPf)/ [kwNf yD-'DawmheyH gwfav;u vu©PÓmPf? bmÓmPfygvdr/hf (vu©PÓmPfygbk&m;)/ vu©PÓmPfqakd wmh olu enf;enf;wpfqifch sif; wpfqifch sif;&Si;f &r,f/ vu©PmvdYk ajymvku d w f meJY a,m*Dwu Ykd em;vnf oGm;NyD/ b,fvkd em;vnfwmvJ qkad wmh aA'ifq&m? vu©Pmq&m tJ'gem;vnfwmyJ/ vu©Pm qkw d meJU a[mvu©Pmav; oGm;jyr,f/ tm,ku b,fv?dk bmu b,fv?dk ESv;Hk vrf;aMumif;ub,fv?dk arwåm vrf;aMumif;u b,fvkd b,fhES,fnmhES,fawGayghaemf/ okdUaomf olU[meJUol [kwfygw,f/ rdrd&JUuHw&m;awG[m 'Day:rSm rSwaf Mumif;av;awG vmay: w,faygh/ 'g - avmuDynmaemf/

vu© P mynm tJ'Dawmh tck 'DrSmawmh jrefrmEkdifiHrSmusawmh vu©Pmqkdwm uawmh jrefrmEkdifiHrSm r&Sdbl;vm;/ 'DtxJ bke;f BuD;wkUd a,m*DawG vu©PmrMunhzf ;l wJo h l r&Sad vmufygbl;/ tukev f ;Hk u Munhzf ;l MurSmyg/ tif; Nird af wmh Nird o f mG ;Ny/D Munhyf g? tjypfrwifygbl;-aemf/ 0goemyg&if Munf.h avhvmxm;/ oifxm;/ 'gu wwfaumif;wJh twwfynmygyJ/ 'gayrJh edAmÁ efra&mufwmbJ &Srd ,faygh - aemf/ edAmÁ eftwGuf taxmuftyHh r&wmbJ &Srd ,f/ okUd aomf 'Dtwwfynmonf rwwfaumif;bl;vm;/ wwfaumif;w,f/ od'w ¨ ¬ rif;om;zGm;wJt h cg usawmh [krfd mS av t&Sif aum@n ykPÖm; vufñSdK;wpfacsmif;axmifNyD; rajymbl;vm;/ bk&m;{uef jzpfr,fqkdNyD;awmh vufñKdS ;wpfacsmif;axmifNy;D rajymbl;vm;/ 'DynmawG aygh/ okUd aomf tJ'yD nmu edAmÁ efa&mufaMumif; [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ r[kwb f ;l / okUd aomf 0goemyg&ifawmhoifxm;/ vu©Pmynmaemf/ okUd aomf jrefrmEkid if rH mS awmh vu©Pmynm oifwm/ ajcvu©Pmynmusawmh b,forl rS oifb;l / ajcvu©PmMunhw f maum r&Sb d ;l vm;/ bk&m;apmif; wef;rSm bmwkUd rSmvu©PmyJ qkid ;f bkww f yfw,f/ ajcvu©Pmawmh b,frmS rS wyfwmrawGUbl;/ 'gayrJh [krd mS bk&m;vufxuf ajcvu©Pm wwfw,f 'um? 'umrawG/ cke vu©Pmqkw d m rSwaf Mumif;aemf/ vu©Pmqkw d m bmwJv h /J (rSwaf Mumif;yg bk&m;)/ rSwaf Mumif;/ vufusawmh vuf&UJ rSwaf Mumif;aygh/ ajcusawmh 66

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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ajcaxmuf&UJ rSwaf Mumif;/ vufrmS ygwJh trSwt f om; ta&;taMumif;av;awGus vuf&UJ vu©Pm? Muufajcav; awG? vkid ;f av;awG? xD;½k;d ac: ur®vrf;aMumif;awG? 'gawGudk vu©PmvkUd ac:wm/ ajcrSmygawmh ajc&JUvu©Pmaygh/ ajccPmr[kwfbl;/ ajcaxmufrSm ygwJhvu©Pm/ ajcrSmygwJhtrSwftom;? Oyrm - jrwfpGmbk&m;usawmh vSrH vSu H efwUdk ? ykaH wmif;wkUd ? BudK;Mum½kyw f Udk 108-uGu&f w dS ,f/ wpf&mh&pS u f u G f pufvu©Pm qkw d m/ tJawmh ajcvu©PmeJUywfoufNyD; bke;f BuD;u A[kow k uav; ajymvku d yf gtk;H r,f/ [kwv f m;/ rm*@D ykPmÖ ;BuD;ZeD;armifE&HS w dS ,f/ b,fov l /J (rm*@D ykPÖm;BuD;ZeD;armifEyHS g)/ rm*@D ykPÖm;BuD;wkUd u orD;wpfa,muf arG;xm;w,f/ tJ'D rm*@D ZeD;armifEyHS P k Öm;BuD;? ykaPÖ;rBuD;wkUd orD;[m tifrwefacsm? tifrwefvw S ,f/ rdbwkUd 0wå&m; twkid ;f olUwkUd rSm wpfaeUwpfaeU tvkyrf sm;w,f/ orD;eJUywfoufNyD; tvkyrf sm;w,f/ bmvkUd qkd om;ruf&mS &wmuk;d / tzk;d BuD; tzGm;BuD; tvkyu f aemf/ bm&SmwmvJ/ (om;ruf&mS &wmyg bk&m;)/ tif; 'gawmh rdbarwåmuk;d / om;rufaumif;aumif; &apcsif wmuk;d / ud, k o hf rD;ukd auR;arG;r,f/ apmifah &Smufr,f pojzifah ygh/ wpfaeU wpfaeU om;rufaumif; aumif;yJ olwUdk &zkUd &Smaewm? &Sm&if; &Sm&if;eJU rawGUEkid b f ;l / tJ'geJU wpfaeU vnf;usa&m 'DrmS ajc&mwpfck oGm;awGUw,f/ ajc&mvnf; awGUua&m ykPÖm;BuD;u ajcvu©Pmwwfwmud;k / cke rSwaf Mumif;wwfwmukd ajymcsif vkUd yg/ tJ'aD jc&mukd awGUvnf;awGUa&m tm;&0rf;omeJU &Sirf a& vma[h vma[hw?hJ 'DrmS om;rufavmif;awGUNyw D /hJ a[m - ykPmÖ ;BuD;uaemf/ tJ'aD jc&mukd MunhNf y;D ajymaewm/ vljrifwmvm;/ ajc&mMunh f w mvm;/ (ajc&mMunh f w myg)/ ajcaxmuf t &muk d Munh f N yD ; ajymaewm/ [k d r S m ajc&mrS m vu©Pmta&;taMumif;awG usef&pfchJ wmuk;d / tJ'aD wmh ykaPÖ;rBuD;u Munfv h u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh [m - ykPÖm; BuD;wJh arQmv f ifch surf &Sb d ;l wJ/h ykaPÖ;rBuD;u bmajymvJ/ rarQmef UJ wJ/h ykPÖm;BuD;xuf ykaPÖ;rBuD;u ynmydw k ,faygh/ 'Dajcvu©Pmu a,mufsm;jrwfwUkd &JU ajcvu©Pmqkw d m ray:bl;vm;/ okUd aomf ykaPÖ;rBu;D u olUxuf ynmomawmh tmoa0g uif;pifxm;wJh ajc&mjzpfwt hJ wGuf &Sio hf rD;twGuf arQmfvifch sufr&Sb d ;l wJ/h 'Dvdk ajymvku d w f ,f/ tJ'aD wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u 'D rm*@Dro d m;pkukd cRwzf Udk twGuf ajcawmf&mcsay;cJw h ,f qkw d hJ t"dymÜ ,fayghaemf/ uJ - 'geJUxm;? awmfMum Zmwfvrf;awG odyrf sm; oGm;r,f/'Dawmh ajcaxmufrmS vnf; olUrSwaf Mumif; av;awG r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ rSwaf Mumif;awG&w dS ,f/ vufrmS vnf; rSwaf Mumif; av;awG r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ tJ'gu bke;f BuD;wkUd A[kow k ajymwmyg/ ,ckajymcsifwrhJ w S af Mumif;qkw d mu ½ky\ f rSwaf Mumif;? emrf\rSwaf Mumif;/ bmwJv h /J (½ky\ f rSwaf Mumif;? emrf\rSwaf Mumif;)/ 'Dawmh wcsdKUpmpum;eJU t&yfpum; wGw J t hJ cgrSm awmfawmf owdxm;wG&J w,f aemf/ rSwaf Mumif;qkw d m bke;f BuD;wkUd vu©PmvkUd ajymwmaemf/ vu©Pmukd bmac:vJ/ rSwaf Mumif;/ vu©Pmqkw d phJ um;ukd jrefrmvkjd yefawmh rSwaf Mumif; rSwpf &m/ tJawmh - bmrSwaf Mumif;vJqadk wmh ½ky\ f rSwaf Mumif;? emrf\rSwaf Mumif; qkad wmh yk½d yI o f mG ;a&m/ jrefrmpum;[m tcsdKUae&mawGrmS ykyd ½dk yI o f mG ;w,faygh/ 'DawmhrS ,aeU rdred UJ qDavsmw f phJ um;vk;H eJU t"dymÜ ,fudk ,lvu dk w f hJ tcg usawmh ½ky\ f rjrjJ cif;tedpv ö u©Pm? qif;&Jjcif;'kuv © u©Pm? tESpt f om;r&Sjd cif;tewåvu©Pmukd vu©PÓmPf vkUd ajymwm/ ½kyrf mS tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'aD wmh ½ky\ f tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå oabmvu©Pm/ tJ'gukd bmvJ/ (vu©PmÓmPf)/ NyD;awmhrS emrf\ tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå oabmvu©Pm tJ'gu vu©PÓmPf/ vu©PÓmPfqo dk nfrmS ½kyef mrf\ tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåudk rSwo f m;xm;aom oabmvu©Pmuko d w d ÓhJ mPf/ tJ'aD wmh pum;vk;H u omtrsm;BuD;ajymayrJh a,m*DwUdk enf;enf; ajymvku d w f meJU 'g oabmayguf oGm;NyDaygh/ [kwv f m;/ 'Dawmh vu©PÓmPfqo dk nfrmS ½kyef mrf\tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåudk odwÓhJ mPfvUdk rSwv f u dk af wmh-aemf/ [kwNf yD/ 'gqkd oabmaygufomG ;NyD/ [kwv f m;/

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bk & m;yG i f h r S o d & w,f [krd mS r*fÓmPf qkw d muawmh avmukw&å m r*fÓmPfxm;vku d af emf/ tck 'Dae&m ÓmPf-b,fEÓS mPf/ (ig;ÓmPfyg bk&m;)/ ig;ÓmPfjzpfomG ;NyD/ eHygwpf - ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPf? eHygwfEpS f - emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPf? eHygwfo;Hk - ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓmPf? eHygwfav; - vu©PÓmPf? eHygwfig; - r*fÓmPf 'Dawmh - a,m*DwUdk 'faD eU 'Dy#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifwef;oifwm wjcm; &zkUd vm;? ÓmPf&zkUd vm;/ (ÓmPf&zkUd yg bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifrh Udk vlewfrsm;pGm owå0gwkUd jzpfvm&rIr[kw[ f k ÓmPfjzifh ½IíarQmfw/hJ ÓmPfr&rcsif; oHo&m uae b,fawmhrS rvGwb f ;l / tJ'ÓD mPfqw dk mu bk&m;wpfql wpfql yGirhf mS omvQif bk&m;yGiw hf t hJ cgrS od&wJw h &m;ukd a[m - 'DuaeY a,m*DwUdk 'DÓmPfawG rod&bl;vm;/ (od&ygw,f) tJ'g bk&m;yGio hf vdyk gyJ/ b,favmuf 0rf;omp&m aumif;ovJ . . aemf/ tJ'DÓmPfig;ÓmPfwGif eHygwfwpf bmÓmPfygvdrfh/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf)/ [kwfNyD/ NyD;awmh a&pufcswJt h cgrSm ygw,f r[kwv f m;/ ur®Íö ur®zvÍö qkNd yD;awmh rvmbl;vm;/ ur®Í-ö uHuv kd nf;aumif;? ur®zvÍö-uH\tusdK;ukdvnf;aumif;? o'¨[dwGm-,kHMunfygukefonf jzpfíqkdawmh q&mawmfawG ygVdeJU jrefrmteufuav;tp wGw J JG wGw J NJG yD; a&pufcswmu em;&nf0aeMuygNyD/ uHuv dk nf;aumif;? uH\tusdK;ukd vnf;aumif; ,kMH unfygukeo f nfjzpfí qkad wmh bmvkyw f mvJvUdk qkad wmh bk&m;wnfr,f? ausmif;aqmufr,f? qGr;f uyfr,f? ouFe;f vSLr,f? yef;vSLr,f pojzifh 'um? 'umrawG ukov dk af umif;rIawG rvkyb f ;l vm;/ (vkyyf gw,f)/ tJ'v D dk ukov fkd af umif;rIawGvyk w f mu uHEiS b hf mudk ,kMH unfwmvJ/ (uHEiS t hf usdK;ay;ukd ,kMH unfwmyg bk&m;)/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ 'Dawmh uHEiS t hf usKd ;ay;uk, d MHk unfwÓJ mPfudk bmÓmPfac:/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPfygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh ur®óuwm or®m'd|d ÓmPf[m bke;f BuD;wkUd wpf&uf ESp&f uf 'Dvt dk us,fw0ifh &Si;f ay;yghr,f aemf/ ,aeUuawmh p½kyH J pEkid yf gw,f/

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uae ajymvku d w f mu (0pDu)H / uk, d w f idk u f , kd u f s uk, d x f v d ufa&muf owfvu dk w f mu (um,uH)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if tJ'yD gPmwdygw qkw d hJ tukov dk f wpfcu k u dk sL;vGe&f ifvnf;yJ raemuH&,f? 0pDu&H ,f? um,uH&,f b,fEpS f rsdK;&vJ/ (ok;H rsdK;yg bk&m;)/ okUd jzifh tJ'u D o H nf raumif;uH? aumif;uH b,fEpS rf sdK;yJcx JG u G v f mvJ/ (ESprf sdK;yg)/ raumif;uH&,f? aumif;uH&,f ESprf sdK;/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if raumif;wJu h u H raumif;wJh tusdK;yJ ay;rSmyJ/ aumif;wJu h u H (aumif;wJt h usdK;ay;rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gjzifh - 'gukd bke;f BuD;wkUd ykaH oenf;av; rSwx f m;&rSmu • aumif;wJu h o H nf aumif;aomtusdK;ay;onf/ • raumif;wJu h o H nf raumif;wJh tusdK;ay;onf/ tJ'gudk cke ykaH oenf;eJU ajymvku d w f t hJ cgusawmh • aumif;wmBuHvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/ raumif;wmBuHvQif (raumif;wm jzpfrnf)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if aumif;wmu aumif;wJt h usdK;ay;/ raumif;wmu raumif;wJh tusdK;ay;/ • aumif;wmBuHvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/ raumif;wmBuHvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/ • aumif;wmajymvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/ raumif;wmajymvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/ • aumif;wmvkyfvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/ raumif;wmvkyfvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/ 'guawmh EIww f u dk &f aew,f/ tJ ' guk d ,k H M unf w mu wjcm;vm;? ÓmPf v m;/ (ÓmPf y gbk & m;)/ 'D v k d j zif h & if tJ ' D Ó mPf o nf wjcm;uk, d MHk unfwmvm;? uHEiS t hf usdK;ay;ukd ,kMH unfwmvm;/ (uHEiS t hf usdK;ay;ukd ,kMH unfwmyg bk&m;)/ tJ uHEiS hf tusKd ;ay;ukd ,kMH unfvQif pmvkb d ,fvadk c: (ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPf yg bk&m;)/ uHomvQirf rd Od pöm&Sw d ,fvUdk ,kMH unfwÓhJ mPf/ 'DaeU 'DavmufeUJ yJ cPauseyfygaemf/ aemufaeU 'DOpöm qufNyD;awmh bke;f BuD;wkUd awmuf avQmuf&iS ;f oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f - [kwv f m;/ uJ - ,aeUawmh 'DavmufeUJ ed*;Hk csKyfNyD;wmh qkawmif;arwåmykUd vku d Mf u&atmif/ (om"k - om"k - om"k)

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1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 6-&uf (29.8.2002) eHeuf earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor orÁÁK' K'¨ K '¨ó tm;vH;k aom a,m*Dtaygif; olawmfaumif;wdYk --þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&u G v f mcJMh uwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fE&S uf &SNd yDv/J (4-&uf&ydS gNyDb&k m;)/ ,aeU 4-&ufajrmuf eHeuf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifwef; w7m;yGBJ uD;ygyJaemf/ (rSev f yS g)/

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taumif ; qk H ; aus;Zl ; qyf e nf ; 'gaMumifh 'Dvkdw&m;qkdwm 'um? 'umrawG rvkyfvkdU tm;rxkwfvkdU r&bl;aemf/ pm;p&mr&Sd&if aeoifah e&r,f/ 'Dw&m;tvkyf rvkyv f Udk rjzpfb;l qkw d m q&mawmfBuD; 'Davmufxw d u dk w f eG ;f awmfrx l m;ygw,f/ ta&;rBuD;vkdUvm;? ta&;BuD;vkdUvm;/ (ta&;BuD;vkdUyg bk&m;)/ bmjzpfvkdUvJ qkdawmh ]]pwåma&m tyg,m oua*[o'dom}}vkUd 'Dvdk a[mawmfrw l m uk;d / a'oempOfuaemf/ ]]pwåma&m tyg,m oua*[o'dom}} qkw d hJ a'oemu opömrodwhJ yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;\ aejrJtrd o f nf tyg,fav;yg;wJ/h 'Dpum;u bke;f BuD;wkUd Ak'b ¨ mom0if olawmfpifawG tm;vk;H &Sw d hJ owå0g awGtwGurf mS tcsKyfyaJ emf/ (rSev f yS g)/ opömrodwhJ yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;\ aejrJtrd f onf bmygvJ/ (tyg,fav;yg;ygbk&m;)/ i&J? wd&pämef? Nydwåm? tol&um,f/ b,fEpS cf v k /J (av;ckyg bk&m;)/ ,aeU txufwef;usus rsuEf mS yef;vSveS UJ olaX;BuD;jzpfayrJh aemufaeUaooGm;wJt h cgusawmh acG;BuD;jzpfw,fqw dk hJ pum;r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'g wjcm;aMumifh vm;/ opöm rodvUdk vm;/ (opömrodvUdk ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh 'um? 'umrawG opömodzUdk onf rdrt d wGuf ta&;tBuD;qk;H yJ aemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ 'gaMumihf jrwfpmG bk&m; uk, d af wmfjrwfBuD;u &Sit f meE´mukd rdeUf awmf rlovkd cspfom; tmeE´m&,fwhJ avmurSm ]]uwnKw uwa0'D}} qkw d m wpfO;D eJUwpfO;D wpfa,mufeUJ wpfa,mufu aus;Zl;awG &Sd Muw,fw/hJ vlUb0 vlUavmuBuD;ukd vljzpfatmif auR;arG;apmifah &SmufvmwJrh b d awG [m rdrt d wGuf aus;Zl;r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ pmxJrmS ]]jri;fr&dk af wmif OD; ruusL;}} qkNd yD;awmh tifrwefaus;Zl;&Sw d myJ rdbawGaygh - aemf/ 'Dvadk e 'Dvx dk idk f 'Dvo dk mG ; 'Dvpdk m; ponfjzihf avmurSm touf&iS f &yfwnfEidk zf Udk aewwf xkid w f wf pm;wwf oGm;wwfatmif oifay;cJw h ,f/ avmuDrmS vnf;yJ q&morm;awG aus;Zl;r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ 'g 70

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vmw,f? wpf&ufuav; &dyo f m a&mufvmw,f/ tukov kd ef UJ tcsdef ukew f mvm;? ukov kd ef UJ tcsdeu f ek w f mvm;/ (ukokdvfeJU tcsdefukefwmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dukokdvfonf atmufqif;rSmvm;/ txufwufrSmvm;/ (txuf wufrmS ygbk&m;)/ uJ csufcsif; aus;Zl;rsm;vku d w f m 'um 'umrwkUd / bke;f BuD;ajym&Jygw,f/ a'oempOfrmS vnf; bk&m;a[mxm;w,f/ tJ'D ukokdvfpdwfuav;eJUom aoygap? tyg,fusyghrvm;/ (rusygbl; bk&m;)/ b,favmufaus;Zl;rsm;vku d f ovJ/ cke om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlraI &; udpt ö 00awGeUJ tJ'pD w d ef UJ om zswfceJ 0dnmOfcsKyfomG ; b,fawmh rS ruRwfawmhb;l / cke ykaH oenf;&SNd yDav/ avmb? a'go? arm[\ w&m;onf wjcm;oG m ;rS m vm;? tyg,f o G m ;rS m vm;/ (tyg,f o G m ;rS m ygbk & m;)/ &S i f ; aum&S i f ; &J U vm;/ tJ ' gaMumif h r k d U ,aeU&dyo f mudak &mufvmwmu tm;vk;H wpfcck sif; wpfcck sif; Munfv h u dk &f if y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fcsnf;ygyJvUdk em;vnfyg/ (rSefvSyg)/ ,ck a,m*DwkdU ½Iaewm 0dyóem ½Iwm r[kwfbl;vm;/ ([kwf ygw,fbk&m;)/ ,ck bmw&m; tm;xkwaf eMuvJ/ (0dyóemw&m;yg bk&m;)/ 0dyóemw&m;u cE¨muk½d &I rSmaemf/ bmukd ½I&rSmvJ/ (cE¨mukyd g bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh cE¨mtaMumif;ukd aoaocsmcsm ykid yf idk Ef idk Ef idk rf od&if 0dyóem ½IvUdk r&bl;/ 0dyóemw&m;onf bk&m;wpfql wpfqyl iG rhf S ay:wJw h &m;/ awmf½b Hk ek ;f uHr&Sv d Qif 0dyóem½Iv k Udk &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ ,aeY 0dyóemukd tm;xkwEf idk Nf yDq&dk if a,m*DwUdk ukd bke;f BuD; aeUwkid ;f aeUwkid ;f owday;ygw,f/ qkawmif;jynfw h hJ yk*¾dKvfawGyg/ bmjynfh aewmvJ/ (qkawmif;jynhfwmygbk&m;)/ 0dyóemukd tm;rxkwfEkdifwJhyk*¾dKvf u qkawmif;rjynfhwJh yk*¾dKvfawG/ okdUaomf qkawmif;rjynfhao;&ifvnf; bJ olU0goemeJUolawmif;wm bke;f BuD;tjypfrwifygbl;/ awmif;ayghAsm/ a,m*DwUdk u awmif;OD;rSmvm;/ (rawmif;ygbl; bk&m;)/ rawmif;eJUaemf/ tif;- tawmif; 0goemu wpfoHo&mvkH;u ygvmwm/ eHygwfwpf tuGufwpfuGufvkH;onf wjcm;uvkyv f mwmvm;? awmif;vmwmvm;/ (awmif;vmwmyg bk&m;)/ t0dZÆm ocFg& wPSm Oyg'gef b0 qkw d m awmif;vmwm/ ,cka,m*Dwu Ydk awmif;rsm;awmif; csifao;vm;/ rawmif;eJU/ vufawGUtvkyv f yk af wmh - aemf/ vufawGUtvkyf vky&f if olrsm;xufycdk srf;omrSmaygh/ a[m - 0dyóemtvkyo f nf qif;&J wJt h vkyf vm;? csrf;omwJhtvkyfvm;/ (csrf;omwJhtvkyfygbk&m;)/ aorS csrf;om rSmvm;? ,ck csrf;omrSmvm;/ (,ckcsrf;omrSmygbk&m;)? 7-&uftwGi;f csrf;omr,ft h vkyjf zpfvUkd bke;f BuD;ygpyfzsm; vrf;rqk;H ygeJU/ vufawGU vkypf rf;yg/ vufawGUtvkyv f yk Ef idk zf Udk twGuu f dk enf;vrf; pnf;urf;av;ukd 'um? 'umrawGukd aus;Zl;jyKay;r,faygh/ tJ'aD wmh 0dyóemonf wjcm;ukd ½I&rSmvm;? cE¨mukd ½I&rSmvm;/ (cE¨muk½d &I rSmygbk&m;)/ cE¨mtaMumif;ukd raeUu bke;f BuD;wkUd ÓmPfig;yg; rpçbl;vm;/ (pçygw,fb&k m;)/ raeUu ÓmPfig;yg;av; Munhv f u dk yf gOD;/ bmwJv h /J eHygwfwpf - ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPf/ eHygwfEpS f - emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf/ eHygwfo;Hk - ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓmPf/ eHygwfav; - vu©PÓmPf/ eHygwfig; - r*fÓmPf/ uJ - a[m'D ur®óuwmor®'|d Ód mPf tomav; cPav; xm;vku d Of ;D / cE¨mtaMumif;ajymawmh eHygwfEpS Óf mPfudk jyefNyD;awmh ,lr,f aemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fu wpfyidk ;f wpfyidk ;f wpfyidk ;f eJU aemuf pcef;yGJ q,f&ufjynfah wmhrS tukev f ;Hk uGi;f quf,v l u dk rf ,faemf/ pdw&f n S f &Snaf wmh a,m*DwUdk w&m;emzkUd awmh vkw d ,faemf/ tJ'aD wmh tck eHygwf ESpf bmÓmPfv/J (emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPfyg bk&m;)/ emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf qkw d m raeUuajymNy;D Ny/D jrefrmvkdajymawmh ½kyfeJUemrfukd ykdif;jcm;odaom ÓmPf/ emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPfqkdwm bmygvdrfh/ ½kyfeJUemrfukd ykid ;f jcm;od aomÓmPf/ tJ'aD wmh y&d,wfrmS tckeajymwJh 7-rsdK;rSm cE¨mqkw d hJ acgif;pOfygvmNyD/ cE¨mqkw d m wjcm;ajymwmvm;/ ½kyef mrfuakd jymwmvm;/ (½kyef mrfuadk jymwmygbk&m;)/ 75

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

'Dawmh cE¨mqkw d hJ pmpum;u jrefrmvkd taygif;tpk/ jrefrmvkd usawmh (taygif;tpkyg bk&m;)/ pmvku d (cE¨m)/ ½kyef mrfudk ajymaew,f/ ½kyef mrfudk ajymwkid ;f ajymwkid ;f cE¨mukd ajymaew,fvUdk em;vnfygaemf/ 'Dvjdk zifh ½kyef mrfEiS hf cE¨monf pum;vk;H om uGmaomfvnf; t"dymÜ ,fcsif; rwlb;l vm;/ (wlygw,f)/ 'Dvjdk zifh cE¨mqkd wmonf wjcm;vm;? taygif;tpkvm;/ (taygif;tpkygbk&m;)/ bmtaygif; tpkv/J (½kyt f aygif;tpk? emrftaygif;tpk/ ) okjYd zifh tJ'cD E¨m[m puf0idk ;f xJrmS &Sv d m;/ (r&Syd gbl; bk&m;)/ r&Sb d ;l / puf0idk ;f xJrmS &Sad ewJh cE¨mu tJ'rD mS av/ 0dnmPf emrf½yk f oVm,we zó a0'em &Sad ew,f/ a[m'Dpuf0ifkd ;f xJrmS &Sad ewJh cE¨m/ tJ'cD E¨mu a,m*DwUdk y&d,wfcE¨mvkUd ac:ygw,f/ bmcE¨m ygvdr/hf (y&d,wf cE¨myg bk&m;)/ oifwchJ E¨maemf/ aMomf - 'um? 'umrwkUd 0dyóemtm;xkww f t hJ cgrSm cE¨m taMumif;ukd od&r,f/ a[m - cE¨mu a[m 0dÓmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'em ig;yg;ac:w,f/ oifNyDaygh/ okdUaomf em;rvnfao;bl;/ em;rvnfao;bl;/ rjrifao;bl;/ oif½w Hk if oifwm/ a,m*DwUdk ? jrifNyDvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmhrS tJ'cD E¨mukd oifNyD;awmh - [kwNf yD tvGwu f sufrw S &f oGm;NyD/ rsufpd rSw d Nf yD;awmh [kwv f m;/ ÓmPfrsufped UJ ÓmPpu©Kayghaemf/ ÓmPH O'ygwd ÓmPpu©KeJU ÓmPfrsufpd av;zGiNhf yD;awmh 0dZÆmrsufpad v;zGiNhf yD;awmh Munhv f nf; Munhv f u dk af um a[m - puf0idk ;f xJrmS cE¨m&Sw d mvm;? uk, d rhf mS &Sad ewmvm;/ (ud, k rhf mS &Sad ewmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if ukd,fh&SdwJhcE¨mukd ukd,frod&if rjrif&ifaygh/ 'um 'umrawG wjcm;jzpf wmvm;? uef;aewmvm;/ (uef;aewmygbk&m;)/ [kwNf yD/ 'Dawmh bke;f BuD;wkYd 'um? 'umrawGaemf wpfoufv;Hk wpfoo H &m vk;H u ud, k chf E¨mukd jrif&UJ vm;/ (rjrifygbl; bk&m;)/ rjrifwm bmjzpfvUdk / (uef; aevkUd yg bk&m;)/ aocsm&JUvm;/ (aocsmygw,f bk&m;)/ tck toufBuD;vkdU wpfckck cdkufrdvkdUuef;wmr[kwfbl;/ 0rf;xJuaeNyD;awmh pkHvkH;uef;wm/ 0rf;wGif;yguef;wm/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG[m bke;f BuD;eJUwuG tm;vk;H aom aqGawmf rsdK;awmfawG[m 0rf;wGif;yg tuef;awGjzpfaew,f/ bmrjrif vkdUvJ/ (cE¨mrjrifvkdUyg)/ okdUaomf uHrsufpad jymwmvm;? ÓmPfrsufpad jym wmvm;/ (ÓmPfrsufpd ajymwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if Oyrm - uef;aewJh yk*Kd¾ vfwpfa,muf avQmufwv hJ rf; rSeyf ghrvm;/ (rrSeyf gbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh vrf;rSeaf &mufcsiaf &mufr,f/ trsm;tm;jzifh vrf;rSm;yJ olwUdk oGm;csif&m oGm;aerSmyJ/ oGm;csif&moGm;aewmonf jrifvUdk vm;? uef;aevkUfd vm;/ (uef;aevkUd yg bk&m;)/ 'g - uef;wJo h &l UJ obm0yg/ tJ'gaMumifrh Udk vkUd 'DcE¨mukd (0g) ½kyef mrfudk rjrifwt hJ cg usawmh tJ'½D yk ef mrfudk igvkyv f v dk yk ?f a,mufsm;jzpfvjdk zpf? rd e f ; rjzpf v k d j zpf / tazjzpf v k d j zpf ? tarjzpf v k d j zpf ? om;orD ; jzpf v k d j zpf ? y&rw¬ Ó mPf a wG v m NyD / enf;enf;em;BuD;BuD;em;axmifygaemf/ a,m*DopfawG [kwv f m;/ tJ'aD wmh ½kyef mrfcE¨mukd rjrifwt hJ cgusawmh 'D½yk ef mrfcE¨mukyd J taztarvkUd em;vnf xm;w,f/ taztarvkUd odxm;w,f/ taztarvkUd rSwx f m;w,f/ taztarvkdU ,lxm;w,f/ 'D½kyfemrfcE¨mukdyJ igvdkUodxm;w,f/ igvkdU rSwfxm;w,f/ igvkdU,lxm;w,f/ trSm;awGvm;? trSeaf wGvm;/ (trSm; awGyg)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if wu,f,&l rSmu ½kyef mrfvUdk ,l&r,f/ ½kyef mrfvUkd od& r,f/ ½kyef mrfvUdk rSw&f r,f/ tJ'v D [ dk mawG wpfcrk rS [kwb f eJ UJ r,loifw h m ukd ,lwmonf wjcm;aMumifv h m;? ½l;vkUd vm;/ (½l;vkyYd gbk&m;)/ ½l;vkUd / t&Sib f &k m; - ½l;w,fqw dk m bmaMumif½h ;l wmvJ/ ar;awmhr,f/ pum;vk;H u wpfv;Hk wufvmNy/D bmaMumifh ½l;wmvJqadk wmh tck bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG vlwidk ;f vlwidk ;f ½kyef mrfr&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ ½kyef mrfudk rod&if rjrif&if ½l;w,f/ 'Dpum;vk;H av; rSwv f u dk pf rf;yg/ ½kyef mrfrS rod&if 'Dy*k Kd¾ vfu ykxZk Ofav/ ½kyef UJ emrfurdk od&if tE¨yx k Zk OfvUdk jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mygw,f/ ½kyef UJ emrfudk rjrif&if (tE¨yx k Zk Ofyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh tE¨yx k Zk Of qkw d hJ 'Dpmpum;u jrefrmvku d tE¨qw kd mu tuef;? tE¨qw dk m (tuef;)/ ykxZk Ofqw dk m 76

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

- ykxk = udavomawGtrsm; BuD;/ Ze = jzpfwJhyk*¾dKvf/ udavomtrsm;BuD;jzpfawmh t½l;eJUwl./ ykxkZÆaem Or®wåaum - ykxZk Ofqw dk m t½l;eJUwko l wJ/h tE¨u (tuef;)/ ykxZk Of (t½l;)/ jrefrmvkjd yefawmh tuef;t½l;/ bmygvdr/hf (tuef;t½l;yg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh tuef;t½l;jzpfwmu bmudk rjrifvUdk / (½kyef UJ emrfudk rjrifvUdk yg bk&m;)/ cE¨mukd rjrifvUkd / ½kyef UJ emrfudk rjrifvUdk / ½kyef UJ emrfudk rodvUdk / emr½ly y&dapä' ÓmPfr&vkUd / jrwfpmG bk&m;u bm emrnfay;xm;wmvJ/ (tuef;t½l;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if - uJ - bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG a[m'D y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifwef; 'gudrk emvkUd tm;rxkw&f if ½kyef UJ emrfudk odyghrvm;/ (rodygbl; bk&m;)/ rod&if rjrif&if bmjzpfrvJ/ (uef;w,f)/ tJ'gwpfouf vk;H jzpfvmcJw h b hJ 0/ bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG b0/ tJ'aD wmh q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; rdeUf ovkad jym&&if aMomf - ,aeY ½kyef UJ emrfudk rjrif&if rdr&d UJ i,femrnf[m b,fov l /J (tuef;t½l;yg bk&m;)/ 'dvjdk zpf&if tJ'½D yk ef UJ emrfurkd jrifvUkd tuef;t½l;b0qkv d Udk &S&d if vl&m0ifygh OD ; rvm;/ b,f a wmh r S vl & mr0if a wmh b l . ; / oG m ;NyD / bk e f ; BuD ; wk d U ,aeUacwf pum;eJ U ajym&if a wmh ajrmif ; xJ a &muf o G m ;wmaygh / avmutaMumif ; r[k w f b l ; / "r® t aMumif ; eJ U ajymwmaemf / (rS e f v S y g)/ acwfpum;eJUajymawmh ajrmif;xJa&mufomG ;w,fqadk wmh wjcm;aMumifv h m;? rjrifvUdk vm;/ (rjrif vkUd yg bk&m;)/ rjrifawmh uef;w,f/ uef;awmh xif&mvkyw f ,f/ ½l;w,f/ (rSeyf g)/ 'gjzifh t&Sib f &k m; bm½l;w,fajymwmvJ/

xif&mvkyf&ift½l; 'Dawmh cE¨mukjd rifawmh cE¨m&JUobm0ukd jrifwmaygh/ cE¨mukrd jrif? cE¨m&JUobm0udk rjrifwt hJ cgusawmh tJ'cD E¨mukd igvdUk rodb;l vm;/ (odygw,f bk&m;)/ olvUdk rodb;l vm;/ (odygw,f bk&m;)/ [kwv f m;/ ZeD; r,m;? orD;om;ukv d nf;yJ cE¨mvkUd rjrifawmh ighom;? ighorD;? ighaqG? ighrsdK;? ighr?d ighzawG rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,f)/ tJ'aD wmh cE¨m&JUoabmukd rjrifawmh cE¨monf jzpfNyD;&if ysufw,f? arG;NyD;&if aow,f/ cE¨m&JU oabmu bmwJv h /J (jzpfNy;D &ifysuw f ,f? arG;Ny;D &ifaow,f)/ tck bke;f Bu;D wkUd cE¨mav/ jzpfNy;D &if bmjzpfv/J w&m;enf;enf;awmh jrifv h mNyD/ jzpfNyD; &if bmjzpfv/J (ysufygw,f)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if arG;NyD;&if (aoygw,f)/ arG;NyD; &ifaowmonf b,foUl oabmvJ/ (cE¨moabmyg)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if cE¨mu olUtvkyo f v l yk af ewm/ b,foUl ukrd S oGm;NyD; rpGuzf ufb;l ? 'um? 'umr awG/ cE¨mu b,forl S oGm;ra&mbl;aemf/ olUtvkyyf J olvyk af ew,f/ arG;w,f? aow,f? arG;w,f? aow,f/ b,foUl tvkyv f /J (cE¨m&JUtvkyyf g bk&m;)/ olUtvkyo f v l yk af ewm bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawGeUJ bm ywfoufv/J bmrS rywfoufb;l -aemf/ &Si;f oGm;NyDaemf/ cE¨m&JUoabmu bmjzpfw,f/ (arG;w,f? aow,f)/ arG;wm rarG;eJUvkUd wm;vkUd &yghrvm;? aomwm raoeJUvkUd wm;vkUd &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh uk, d ef UJ ywfoufvUkd uk, d yf idk f uk, d Ef idk q f v dk Udk &S&d if - [m rarG;eJUvkUd wm;xm;vkUd &w,f/ raoeJUvkUd wm;xm; vkUd &w,f/ t"dygÜ ,f-t"dygÜ ,faemf/ tck wm;vkUd &&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&wmonf wjcm;vm;? tewå vm;/ (tewåygbk&m;)/ olUoabm olaqmifaewm/ arG;w,f? aow,f/ 'g cE¨m&JUoabm/ tJ'aD wmh tJ'D cE¨m&JUoabmudk rdru d rodwt hJ cgusawmh uJ - a,m*DwUkd uk, d b hf 0eJU uk, d f obm0usus jyef[yfvkduf/ tdrfrSm ajr;av; wpfa,muf arG;vm&if uJ - 'Dtzkd;tzGm; b,fES,hfaervJ/ b,fES,fh toHw;dk oGm;wmvJ/ 0rf;rombl;vm;/ trav; - tdrq hf nf;vnf;av;&NyD/ trav; 'Dtzk;d tzGm; tdyrf aysmfb;l / tzk;d tzGm;tdyrf aysmfawmhb;l / trav; ,k,vku d w f mrsm; rdbxufawmif ydak o;w,f/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if arG;vmwmu wjcm;oabmvm;? cE¨moabmvm;/ (cE¨moabmygbk&m;)/ uk, d ef UJ bmywfoufv/J (rywfoufygbl;)/ cE¨mu rywfoufayr,fh uk, d u f ywfoufaeNyD/ tJ'gwjcm; rjrifvUdk vm;? cE¨mrjrifvUdk vm;/ (cE¨mrjrifvUdk ygbk&m;)/ cE¨muarG;w,f/ arG;Ny;D bmjzpfrvJ/ (aorSmygbk&m;)/ aorSmyJ/ tJ'u D av;u reufjzefvnf; aocsifaor,f/ obufcgvnf; aocsif aorSmyJ/ aoawmh - uJ 'Drb d zk;d zGm;awGu b,fvadk ervJ/ aMomf 77

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

aorif;&,f? ighajr;av;rS a&G;ac:&ovm;/ tr,hf tjypfu wifvu dk af o;w,f/ jzpfyrHk sm;/ [kww f ,f/ aorif;u olUajr;rkUd vkUd a&G;ac:wm jzpfygvdrrhf ,f/ t"dygÜ ,faemf/ tJ'v D dk pum;vk;H ukd ok;H Ny;D awmh tJ'v D dk &ifxrJ mS ylaqG;oGm;wm wjcm;rjrifvUdk vm;? cE¨mrjrif vkUd vm;/ (cE¨mrjrifvUdk yg bk&m;)/ a[m - ,aeU a,m*DwUkd u 'D w&m;awGemvkUd 'Dw&m;tm;xkww f hJ tcgrSm aMomf - cE¨m&JUoabmu olU[moljzpfvmw,f/ olU[mol ysuo f mG ; w,f/ ol[ Y mol arG;vmw,f/ ol[ Y mol aow,f/ cE¨moabmuko d ad wmh igeJUbmrS rywfoufygvm;qkad wmh uJ - 0rf;omp&maum &S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ 0rf;enf;p&maum &S&d UJ vm; (r&Syd gbl;)/ rjidr;f bl;vm; a,m*DwUdk / trav; - Nidr;f vdu k w f m/ bk&m;tp&Sw d hJ t&d,m olawmfpifwUdk b,fou l bmjzpfjzpf Nird ;f aewmyJ/tJ'D Nird ;f csr;f jcif;qkw d hJ w&m;av;ukd pdwu f ;l av;eJU a,m*DwUdk ESv;Hk oGi;f Munh/f b,favmufrsm; Nidr;f csrf;aevJ aemf/ tJ'g wjcm;jrifvUdk vm;/ cE¨mukd jrifvUdk vm;/ (cE¨mukjd rifvUdk yg bk&m;)/ [kb d uf tjrifw&m; ÓmPfawG rygao;bl;aemf/ cE¨mukd cE¨mvkUd jrif½aHk v;eJU awmifryS J tJ'aD vmuf Nird ;f w,fqadk wmh b,favmuf'w D &m;u 'um? 'umrwkUd uk, d u hf dk taxmuftyH&h vJaemf/ tJawmh - tJ'Dvkd cE¨mukd cE¨mvkdU rjrifwJh tcgusawmh trav; - arG;wJhtcgusawmhvnf; aysmfvUdk &Tiv f Udk ayghAsm/ uk, d ef UJ rywfoufbeJ UJ Opömuk/d aowJt h cgusawmfv h nf; rcsdrqefU aomuawGa&mufNyD; ikv d Udk qkad wmh tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vfonf aumif;wmvm;? ½l;wmvm;/ (½l;wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh ½l;aewmukd Or®wåuaygh/ ½l;aewmukd (Or®wåuyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifrh Udk ykxZk Æaem Or®wåaum qkw d m/ tJ'gaMumifh tE¨yx k Zk Of awG[m opömw&m;ukdrjrifvdkU (0g) cE¨mukd rjrifwJhtcgusawmh 'Dyk*¾dKvf onf wjcm;jzpfwmvm;? ½l;oGm;wmvm;/ (½l;oGm;wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG ukd,fhudk,fukd jyefar;Mu &atmif/ ighcE¨m taMumif; b,favmufoo d vJ/ ½kyt f aMumif; b,favmuf odxm;vJ/ emrftaMumif; b,favmufox d m;ovJ qkad wmh tJ'D ½kyaf wG? emrfawG olrsm;rSm &Sad ewmvm;/ uk, d rhf mS &Sad ewmvm;/ (uk, d rhf mS &Sad ewmyg bk&m;)/ twlaewmaemf/ twlomG ;? twlpm;? twltyd af emf/ [kad eUuvnf; ajymNyD;NyD/ arG;awmhvnf; b,foel UJ / (cE¨meJUyg)/ BuD;awmhvnf; b,fol eJU (cE¨meJUyg)/ aeawmhvJ b,foel UJ (cE¨meJUyg)/ aoawmhvnf; b,foel UJ (cE¨meJUyg)/ 'Davmuf twlwJG rcGcJ mG w&pyfav; wpfoo H &mvk;H wGv J mwJh cE¨mukd uk, d q hf rD mS &Sad ewmukd uGi;f uGi;f uGuu f u G rf jrifb;l qk&d if ud, k ahf vmuf uef;wJh ol b,f&rdS mS wke;f / (rSev f yS g)/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'aD vmuf uef;wJh twGuf rjrifvUkd xifwmawG ajymwmawG vkyw f t hJ wGuaf Mumifrh Udk wjcm; jzpfwmvm;? ½l;aewmvm;/ (½l;aewmyg)/ tJ'gaMumihf tE¨yx k Zk Of qkw d m ausmufcaJ &us aotyg,fusomG ;Ny/D wufvrf;r&Sad wmhb;l / b,fawmhrS vljyefjzpfawmhrmS r[kwaf wmhb;l / tifrwef uHaumif; axmufrvdUk aemf ecoDCokwef UJ vufonf;cGaH y: ajrrIeUf av;wifxm;wmukd [kw d pfaeUu 'um? 'umrawG owday;NyD; om;yJ/ bkef;BuD;ESifhwuG tm;vkH;aom 'um? 'umrawGu vufoJcGHay: ygvmwm/ b,fygvmwmvJ/ (vufonf;cGaH y:ygvmwmyg)/ bke;f uHx;l vkUd aemf/ tJ'v D dk ygvmwJt h csdet f cgrSm 'D½yk ef UJ emrfavmufrS rodbJ trav; 'Db0 taorsm;OD;oGm;&if rembl;vm;/ (emygw,f)/ 'gaMumifh aus;Zl;&Sif rd;k ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;u taorOD;cif ÓmPfO;D atmif tm;xkwyf g/ (taorOD;cif ÓmPfO;D atmif tm;xkwyf g)/ 'Dawmh 'DÓmPfr&bJeUJ aooGm; &if ausmufcaJ &us/ aemuf'b D 0rarQmfeUJ ? jyefr&awmhb;l / &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'gaMumifrh Udk vkUd tck ta&;BuD;wJh ÓmPfonfvnf;yJ? bmvJ/ emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf/ ½kyef UJ emrfuo dk &d rSmaygh/ 'Dawmh ½kyef UJ emrfuo dk &d r,f qkad wmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f axmufvu dk af wmh 0dnmPf emrf½yk f oVm,we zóa0'em qkad wmh cE¨mb,fEpS yf g;vJ/ (cE¨mig;yg; ygbk&m;)/ cE¨mig;yg;ayghaemf/ tJ'D cE¨mig;yg;rSm bke;f BuD;wkUd y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oifwef;pm&Gux f rJ mS vnf; cE¨mig;yg;&Sw d ,f/ uJ - 'Dawmh tm;vk;H vku d f qkv d u dk yf g/ 78

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

(1) ½lyu©Em¨ (½lyu©Em¨ ) (2) a0'emu©Em¨ (a0'emu©Em¨ ) (3) onmu©Em¨ (onmu©Em¨ ) (4) ocFg&u©Em¨ (ocFg&u©Em¨ ) (5) 0dnmPu©Em¨ (0dnmPu©Em¨ ) cE¨mb,fEpS yf g;/ (ig;yg;yg bk&m;)/ okUd jzifh 'DcE¨mig;yg;ukd bke;f BuD; wkUd u &Gwo f mG ;wm? oifomG ;wm/ wu,fh tJ'cD E¨mig;yg;u b,frmS &Sv d /J (uk, d rhf mS &Sw d mygbk&m;)/ uk, d rhf mS &Sad ew,f/ okUd aomf uk, d rhf mS &Sad ewm rjrifbl;? rodbl;/ b,fodrvJ/ odwJhq&morm;eJUrS rawGUyJ/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ **Fg0gVK oJpkru bk&m;awGyiG v hf mwm 'DcE¨mukv d w T Nf yD;awmh bk&m;jzpfwhJ bk&m;wpfqrl S r&Sb d ;l / 'DcE¨mudrk a[mwJh bk&m; wpfqrl S r&Sdbl;/ okUd aomfvnf;yJ 'DcE¨mtaMumif;awGukd bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umr awGu rodb;l qk&d if uk, d ahf vmufru dk w f o hJ l &SOd ;D rvm;/ tck ud, k rhf mS &Sd aewm cE¨mb,fEpS yf g;/ uJqpdk rf;yg/ (&lyu©Em¨ ? a'0emu©Em¨ ? onmu©Em¨ ? ocFg&u©Em¨ ?

0dnmPu©Em¨ )/ tJ'aD wmh ½lyu©Em¨ qkw d mvnf; uk, d rhf mS yJ &Sw d myJ/ a0'emu©Em¨ qkw d mvnf; (ud, k rhf mS yJ&w dS maygh)/ onmu©Em¨ ? ocFg&u©Em¨ vnf; (ud, k rhf mS &Sw d myg)/ 0dnmPu©Em¨ qkw d mvnf; (uk, d rhf mS yJ&w dS mygbk&m;)/ [kwNf yD/ cE¨mtaMumif;ukd 'DaeUp½kyH J pr,faemf/ tJ'aD wmh - tJ'cD E¨mig;yg;onf uk, d rhf mS &dw S ,fqadk wmh &lyu©Em¨ qkw d m azmufjyefwhJ oabmw&m;tpkaygh/ &lyu©Em¨ qdw k m azmufjyefwhJ oabmw&m;tpk qkad wmh ½kycf E¨mvkUd ajymygw,f/ b,fcE¨mygvdr/hf (½kycf E¨mygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh &lyu©Em¨ rSm bke;f BuD;wkUd pmvkq d &dk if ½ky-f 28 yg; &Syd gw,f/ 'guawmh pmaytaeeJU avhvmxm;yg/ 'DrmS awmh bke;f BuD;wkUd oifzUdk tcsdef r&bl;aemf/ ½kyb f ,favmuf&v dS /J (28-yg;yg bk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh tbd"r®mwkUd bmwkUd qkw d m 'um? 'umrawG avhvmyg/ uk, d t hf aMumif; uk, d o f zd Udk twGuf avhvmwmuk;d As/ bke;f BuD;wkUd 'DrmS u aus;Zl;jyKrSmu blw½kyaf v;yg;ukd bke;f BuD;&Si;f ay;r,faemf/ tJ'aD wmh ½ky-f 28 yg;onf ,ck&w dS ,fvUdk ajymwmu wjcm;vm;? y&d,wfvm;/ (y&d,wfyg bk&m;)/ tJ'½D yk f 28-yg;ukd uk, d q hf D rSm&Sw d mukd jrifatmif Munh&f r,f/ rMunh&f bl;vm;/ (Munh&f ygw,f bk&m;)/ jrifatmifMunh&f r,fqadk wmh ½ky-f 28 yg;wGif OyrmqkMd uygpkUd / uJ - 'Dvuf ukd uk, d v hf ufukd ukid Mf unh&f if ukid v f Udk r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ ukid v f Udk &wmaygh/ vufukdukdifvdkfufwJhtcg aysmhwmr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ aysmhw,f/ 'DawmhvufukdrjrifapeJU aysmhwmav;ukjd rif/ aysmhwmonf wjcm;vm;? ½kycf E¨mvm; (½kycf E¨myg)/ 'Dvjdk zifh w&m;xkid w f ,f/ w&m;xkid w f hJ tcgusawmh 'um? 'umrawG cg;BuD;rawmifb h ;l vm;/ (awmifyh gw,f)/ cg;qkw d m wjcm;vm;? ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;ygbk&m;)/ wu,fawmh cg;qkw d m emrnfy&J w dS myJaemf/ emrnfyJ &Sw d ,f/ wu,fawmh cg;&S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;)/ cg;r&Sb d ;l / ½kyyf &J w dS ,f/ cg;aysmufNyD;awmh ½kyaf &muf&rSmaygh/ o k d U a o m f azmufjyefwo hJ abmqkad wmh tJ'½D yk o f nf 'Dtwkid ;f aewmvm;? azmufjyefaewmvm;/ (azmufjyefaewmygbk&m;)/ a[m - awmfawmfMum emvmvku d ?f awmfawmfMum usifvmvku d ?f [m - awmfawmfMum acR;awGxu G v f mvku d f ponfjzifh r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ &Sdw,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh emwm usifwmawG awmifhwif;wmawGonf tjcm;"mwfvm;? yx0D"mwfvm;/ (yx0D"mwfygbk&m;)/ tJ'g ½kyaf wG/ bmcE¨mygvdr/fh (½kycf E¨mygbk&m;)/ okUd jzifh ½kycf E¨monf puf0idk ;f xJrmS &Sad ewmvm;? uk, d rfh mS &Sad ewmvm;/ (uk, d rfh mS &Sad ewmygbk&m;)/ uk, d rfh mS &Sad ewJh ½kyaf wGudk ,ckMunh?f ,ckjrifaewmyJ/ rjrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh emaewmonf wjcm;vm;? ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;yg bk&m;)/ usifaewmonf (½kyw f &m;yg)/ anmif;aewmonf (½kyw f &m;yg)/ okUd jzifh tJ'½D yk w f &m;wdUk onf wu,fw h u,fawmhjzifh olUoabmolaqmif aewmyJ/ olU[molemw,f/ ay:vmvku d ?f aemuf olU[mol aysmufomG ; vku d ?f ysufomG ;vku d ?f olU[mol ay:vmvku d ?f 79

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

jzpfvmvku d ?f olU[mol aysmufomG ;vku d ?f ysufomG ;vku d ?f cE¨mu olUoabmolraqmifb;l vm;/ (aqmifygw,f)/ tJ'aD wmh olUoabmolaqmifaeawmh jzpfvmwmvnf; 0rf;omp&mr&Sb d ;l / ysuo f mG ;wmvnf; (0rf;enf;p&mrvkb d ;l )/ apmapmwke;f u ckeajr;av;wpfa,mufudk Oyrmay;xm;NyD; a[mNyD;NyD/ tck w&m;xkid w f hJ a,m*DawG[m pdwx f rJ mS 0rf;omwJw h &m;av; rude;f bl;vm;/ (ude;f ygw,f bk&m;)/ wpfcck k tqifajy&if 0rf;rombl;vm;/ (0rf;omygw,f)/ 0rf;omw,fqw dk m[m aomreó a0'emyJ/ aomreó a0'emqkv d nf; wjcm; ay:wmvm;? cE¨may:wmvm;/ (cE¨may:wmyg bk&m;)/ emrfcE¨may:wm/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tk;d b,fupd aö wG tqifrajyygbl; qkad wmh pdwx f rJ aumif;bl;/ a'greóa0'em/ bma0'emvJ/ (a'greó a0'em)/ tJ'gonf wjcm; ay:wmvm;? cE¨may:wmvm;/ (cE¨may:wmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh cE¨may:wm uk, d ef UJ rqkid b f ;l / cE¨monf olUtvkyo f l rvkyb f ;l vm;/ (vkyyf gw,f)/ tJawmh 0rf;omw,fqw dk mvnf; olUbmomol ay:Ny;D awmhaysmuf/ 0rf ; enf ; w,f qk d w mvnf ; ay:NyD ; awmh a ysmuf / pd w f c srf ; omw,f q k d w mvnf ; ay:NyD ; awmh a ysmuf / pdwfqif;&Jw,fqkdwmvnf; ay:NyD;awmhaysmuf? emwmqkd wmvnf; ay:NyD;awmhaysmuf? usifwmvnf; ay:NyD;awmhaysmuf? 'gukd q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u jzpf-ysuf? 'gcE¨m&JU oabmyJ/ tJ ' D a wmh tJ ' D c E¨ m &J U oabmav;uk d uk d , f u rjrif w J h t cgusawmh apmapmu [k w f v m;/ ajr;av;Oyrmay;ovkyd J jzpfvmawmh 0rf;omovkd vk?d bmvkv d adk ygh/ ysufomG ;wJt h cgusawmh 0rf;enf;ovdv k adk ygh/ 0rf ; om p&maum &S d & J U vm;/ (r&S d y gbl ; )/ 0rf ; enf ; p&maum &S d & J U vm;/ (r&S d y gbl ; bk & m;)/ tJ ' D a wmh 0rf;om0r;fenf;p&mr&Sw d monf wjcm;jrifvUfdk vm;? cE¨m jrifvUdk vm;/ (cE¨mjrifvUdk yg bk&m;)/ cE¨mukd jrifaevkUd / cE¨m&JUoabmudk jrifaevdUk / tJ'aD wmh 0dyóem ½IwhJ a,m*Donf wjcm;Munf&h rSmvm;/ cE¨mMunf&h rSmvm;/ (cE¨mMunf&h rSmygbk&m;)/ okUd jzifh anmif;wmay:wm bmawGU (cE¨mawGUwmyg bk&m;)/ usifwm ay:wm bmawGU (cE¨mawGU)/ pdwcf srf;omwm bmawGU/ (cE¨mawGUwmyg bk&m;)/ pdwcf srf;omw,fqw dk m a0'emav/ pdwq f if;&Jqw dk mvnf; (a0'emyg)/ tJ'gawG ukd,feJU bmywfoufvJ/ (rywfoufygbl;)/ rywfoufbl;qkdwm wjcm;ukd jrifvkdUvm;? cE¨mukdjrifvkdUvm;/ (cE¨mukjd rifvUdk yg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh cE¨mukrd jrifwhJ yk*Kd¾ vf cE¨mukrd odwyhJ *k Kd¾ vfusawmh tJ'gawG tukev f ;Hk igvkyyf pf vku d w f m/ trav; igpdwcf srf;omvku d w f m/ trav; - igpdwq f if;&J vku d w f meJUqkw d m a0'emukd wjcm;vkyw f mvm;/ igvkyw f mvm;/ (igvkyw f m ygbk&m;)/ uJ - 'Dvjdk zifh ½kycf E¨mukd rjrifwhJ yk*Kd¾ vfusawmh trav; igemvku d w f m jzpfwmyJ/ tm; igrcHEidk b f ;l / [db k uf 'Dbuf ajymif;OD;rSvUdk rvmbl;vm;/ tJ'g wjcm;rjrifwmvm;/ cE¨mrjrif wmvm;/ (cE¨mrjrifwmyg bk&m;)/ cE¨mrjrifwt hJ wGuf igu tpm;0if oGm;a&m/ bmu tpm;0ifomG ;wmvJ/ (igutpm;0ifomG ;wm yg bk&m;)/ a[m - igqkw d mu 'd|/d igqkw d mu ('d|yd g bk&m;)/ a[m - 0dyóem½IaewJh a,m*D 'd|t d yk o f mG ;jyefNyD/ uJ-'d|u d b,favmufrsm; olUe,fus,fvq J w dk m rif;bmwwf Ekid o f vJ-wJ/h trav; - 'd|u d Mudr;f wm/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,f bk&m;)/ 0dyóem ÓmPfr&ao;wJt h cgusawmh tm;xkwf tm;xkwaf ewm yJ/ trav; - rcHEidk b f ;l qkw d mu b,foEl ydS pf ufomG ;wmvJ/ 'd|u d ESyd f pufwm/ 'Dvjdk zifh a,m*DwUdk ,aeU 'Dw&m;tm;xkww f m wjcm;jzKwfzUdk vm;? 'd|jd zKwfzUdk vm;/ ('d|jd zKwfzUdk yg bk&m;)/ 'd|jd zKwfzUdk ukd 0dyóemÓmPf emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPf tajccH &&rSmuk;d / tJ'gaMumihfrkdUvkdU ouúm,'d|donf wjcm;rjrifvkdUvm;? ½kyfemrfrjrifvkdUvm;/ (½kyfemrf rjrifvkdUyg)/ ½kyfemrf ukjd rifwt hJ cgusawmh igjyKwfrmS yg/ ½kyef mrfudk ykid yf idk Ef idk Ef idk rf jrifwt hJ cgus awmh emawmhb,foel mwmvJ/ igemwm/ trav; igrcHEidk b f ;l rjzpfb;l vm;/ 0rf;omawmh b,fol 0rf;omvJ/ ig0rf;omwm/ 0rf;enf;awmh b,fol 0rf;enf;wmvJ/ (ig0rf;enf;wm)/ tJ'aD wmh ½kyef mrfujkd rifwhJ tcg usawmh igjyKwfomG ;a&m/ igjyKwfomG ;awmh 'um? 'umrawG igeJUywfouf wJh 'kua© wG vmOD;rvm;/ csucf si;f Nird ;f oGm;Ny/D 'gaMumifh 'Dw&m;onf ,cktm;xkwf 80

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

,ckcsrf;omwJw h &m;/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ t&Sib f &k m;? ,cktm;xkwf ,ckcsrf;omwJw h &m;vkUd om ajymw,f/ tck wynfhawmfwkdU rcsdrqHHh acR;w'D;'D;usNyD; jyefajy;csifpdwfaygufaewmyJ/ okdUaomf 'um? 'umrwkdU t&dyfxJoGm;csif&ifawmh aeylawmh jzwf&w,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ okcukdvkdcsif&if 'ku©eJU&if;&r,f/ tck 'DaeU w&m;tm;xkww f m acR;'D;'D; usaewm[m wjcm;vkyw f mvm;? t&if;pku d f aewmvm;/ (t&if;pku d af e wmygbk&m;)/ t&if;enf;enf;yJpu dk &f if tjrwfenf;enf;yJ&r,f/ t&if;rsm;rsm; pku d &f iftjrwfrsm;rsm;&r,f/ uJ - 'Dawmh? tm;vk;H aom a,m*D 'um? 'umrawG t&if;enf; enf;yJpu dk rf mS vm;? rsm;rsm;pku d rf mS vm;/ (rsm;rsm;pku d rf mS yg bk&m;)/ rsm;rsm; pku d rf aS emf/ tJ'aD wmh nrtdyb f eJ UJ wpfnvk;H tm;xkwrf S jzpfrmS / t&if; rsm;rsm;pku d rf mS av/ tjrwfvcdk sifvUdk vm;? rvkcd sifvUdk vm;/ (vkcd sifvUdk yg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if cPav;xkid v f u dk ?f awmfMum pum;ajymvku d q f w dk m t&if;rS rpdu k b f J aemf/ 'Dvjdk zifh wpfaeukef wpfcgwnf; pyfMum;r&Sd pum;rajymbJeUJ t&if;rsm;rsm;pku d &f rSm/ nvnf; rtdyb f ;l uGm? aoyap/ cE¨mukd n§mvkUd &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ tJ'g wjcm;vkyw f mvm;? t&if;rsm; rsm;pku d w f mvm;/ (t&if;rsm;rsm; pku d w f mygbk&m;)/ tJ'v D dk cE¨mukd t&if; rsm;rsm; pku fd Nf yD;awmhom owdy|mefeUJ tm;xkw&f if reuftm;xkw&f if (nae&r,f)/ naetm;xkw&f if (reuf&r,f)/ tJ'v D dk tm;xkwEf idk af tmif eHygwfwpf tajccHu wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;? ½kyef mrfuo dk &d rSmvm;/ (½kyef mrfudk od&rSmyg)/ ½kyef mrfuo dk w d t hJ cgusawmh ½kyu f ydk idk ;f jcm;od? emrf ukyd idk ;f jcm;od/ tJ'v D dk odNyD; ½kyef mrf&UJ oabmukd aoaocsmcsm ½Ivu dk rf ,f qk&d ifjzifh a,m*DwUdk vkcd siw f hJ r*fÓmPfzv dk Óf mPf edAmÁ efqw dk m aorS jrif&rSmvm;? ,ckjrif&rSmvm;/ (,ckjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ w&m;awmh qufa[mcsifygw,faemf/ tcsdeu f awmfO;D rS/ qGr;f csdev f nf; eD;vmNyD/ naerS qufr,f [kwv f m;/ uJ - ,aeU reuf awmh 'DavmufeUJ yJ ed*;Hk csKyfNyD;awmh qkawmif; arwåm ykUd vku d Mf u&atmif/ ( om"k - om"k - om"k )

d 1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 6-&uf (29.8.2002) nae earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor orÁÁK' K'¨ K '¨ó tm;vH;k aom a,m*Dtaygif;olawmfaumif;wdYk -þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&u G v f mcJMh uwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeUb,fE&S uf &SNd yDv/J (4-&uf&ydS gNyDb&k m;)/ 4&ufajrmuf\ nae y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oifwef;w&m;yGBJ uD;ygyJ --- [kwv f m;/ (rSev f yS g)/

owå0gtp y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oifwef;vdYk ajymvdu k w f meJU y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f&UJ oifwef;rSm þ&Spo f , G u f kd qdNk yD;awmh vuFmrSm rygbl;vm;/ (yg-ygw,fb&k m;)/ yxrOD;qH;k pwJh wpfo, G u f rlvESpjf zmaygh/ b,fov l /J (rlv ESpjf zmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh rlvESpfjzmqdkwm b,foleJU b,folvJ/ (t0dZÆmeJU wPSmygbk&m;)/ tJ - t0dZÆmeJU wPSm[m owå0gtpt0dZÆmuvdYk 'Dvq dk Edk idk w f maygh [kwv f m;/ owå0gtpu wjcm;upwmvm;? t0dZÆmu pwmvm;/ (t0dZmÆ u pwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh owå0g tp? oHo&mtp t0dZmÆ u 'Dvydk gyJ/ tMurf;zsi;f awmh rodwmayghaemf/ okaYd omf bmukv d q J adk wmh odoifh odxu dk w f mukd rod? rodoifh rodxu kd w f mukd odwmonf (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ 81

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

'gaMumifrh Udk vkUd Y wu,fo&d r,fw h &m;u opömav;yg;/ tJ'D opömav;yg;ukd rodwm[m b,foyl gvdr/hf (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh ]]pwåma&m tyg,m oua*[ o'dom}} qkw d phJ um;[m bke;f BuD;wkUd vufuidk f ESv;Hk oGi;f &r,fw h &m;/ opömav;yg;ukd rodwyhJ *k Kd¾ vfrsm;\ aejrJ tdrf o f nf tyg,fav;yg; qkw d m jrwfpmG bk&m; ra[mbl;vm;? (a[mygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh opömav;yg;ukrd odwhJ t0dZÆmqkad wmh vuFmav;eJU oGm;& atmifaemf/ uJ - qk/d opömav;yg; rodjim; uG,x f m;ydwu f m t0dZÆm/ 'g--- opömav;yg; rodwm t0dZÆmqkdwm bkef;BuD;wkdY ykHaoenf; wpfck rSwfNyDayghaemf/ 'Dawmh trSeaf wGusawmh azsmufNy;D trSm; trSm; trSm;awG usa&mufaewmvJ t0dZmÆ yJ/ uJ-'gav;wpfacguf qk&d atmiftrSeu f adk zsmuf trSm;a&muf awmufavQmufyw d u f m t0dZÆm/ 'Dvq dk adk wmh trSew f &m;awGrmS uG,Nf yD; tjrJwrf;trSm;w&m;awGeUJ aewmvnf; b,foUl owdåv/J (t0dZmÆ yg bk&m;)/ t0dZmÆ ? ESpzf ufv?T odyaf Mumufp&m aumif;w,f/ trSeu f sawmh azsmufw,f? trSm;usawmh a&mufw,faemf/ trSeu f sawmh rod? trSm;usawmh (od)? tJ'g b,foUl owdåv/J (t0dZÆmowd)åd / aemufwpfcg ÓmPfa&mifroef; uHa&mifvrT ;f zk;H vTr;f ydwu f m t0dZÆm/ vkUd t0dZÆmukd 'Dvdk zGiyhf gw,f aemf/ tJ'aD wmh ÓmPfrygvkUd &S&d ifvnf; 'g t0dZmÆ yJaygh/ 'g t0dZmÆ qkw d m tifrwef El;nHw h ,f? odraf rGUw,fayghaemf/ ,aeUbke;f BuD;wkYd t0dZmÆ ukd ,aeUowfaeMuwm/ tck 'Dw&m;tm;xkwaf ewm bmukd owfaeMuwm vJ/ (t0dZmÆ ukd owfaeMuwmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh t0dZÆm[m ukov dk v f m;? tukov dk v f m;/ (tukov dk yf g bk&m;)/ okjYd zih&f if tJ'D t0dZmÆ qkw d hJ tukov dk f w&m;BuD;[m bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG wpfoufv;Hk wpfoo H &mvk;H oltyk cf sKyfvmwm/ wpfoufv;Hk wpfoo H &mvk;H oltyk cf sKyfvmawmh olU&JU tkycf sKyfraI tmufuae rxGuEf idk o f nft h wGuaf Mumifh oHo&mrSm tyg,fyJ a&mufcw hJ mygyJ/ b,fa&mufcw hJ mvJ/ (tyg,fyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if ,aeU 'Dw&m;awGtm;xkwaf ew,f/ 'Dw&m;awG tqif;&JcH tyifyef;cHNyD; emNyD; tm;xkwaf eMuw,f qkw d mu t0dZÆmuae bmjzpfzUdk / (0dZÆmjzpfzUdk yg bk7m;)/ 0dZÆmjzpfzkdU/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if t0dZÆmjzpfaewmu b,fvkdjzpfaewmvJvkdU ukd,hfukd,fukd odzkdUvkdyg w,f/ t0dZÆmjzpfw,fqw dk m b,fvjdk zpfw,fqw kd m uk, d u hf , dk u f dk odzUdk rvkb d ;l vm;/ (vkyd gw,f bk&m;)/ okjYd zif7h if - jrwfpmG bk&m;uk, d af wmfjrwfBuD; a[mxm;wmu a[m 'D cE¨mig;yg;awG[m tedpw ö &m;awG? 'kuw © &m;awG? tewåw&m;awG? tokbw&m;awGvUdk a[mygw,f/ (rSev f yS g)/ ra[mbl;vm;/ (a[mygw,f bk&m;)/ wu,f vufawGUusif&h ifvnf;yJ tedpö 'ku© tewå tokb qkw d hJ w&m;onf bke;f BuD;wkUd a,m*DwUdk ? 'um? 'umrwkUd &&Sad ewJh cE¨mrSm r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh 'Dw&m;awGu trSef wu,f r&Sw d w hJ &m;vm;? trSew f u,f &Sad ewmvm;/ (trSew f u,f &Sd aewmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh bke;f BuD;wkUd uk, d u hf pd eö UJ uk, d af jym&if uk, d rhf mS trSew f u,f &Sad ewJh tokbukd ud, k jf rifyg/ uk, d &hf w dS hJ tokbukd ÓmPfeUJ jrif&r,faemf/ 'Dawmh a,m*Dopfrsm;ygaevkUd 'gav; tajccH bke;f BuD; wwfEidk o f avmuf aus;Zl ; jyKygw,f a emf / bmaMumif h v J q k d a wmh t0d Z Æ m onf jAKef ; ceJ tJ - wpf c gavmuf e mvk d u f & if a wmh oabmaygufygw,f/ wpfcgrS 'Dw&m;rsdK;remzl;bl;qk&d ifawmh t0dZÆmb,fvt dk yk af erSe;f ukd rodwm/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ trav; t0dZÆmuae 0dZÆmjzpfatmif b,favmuf xdatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkw&f rvJ/ b,favmufxd yGm;rsm;ae&rvJ/ b,favmufxrd S ukd wpfcgwnf; &dyo f mawG 0ifae&rvJ/ wu,f tvkyv f yk f rMunhw f t hJ cg rSmawmhvnf; tvkv d dk pdwyf ef;aewmygyJa,m*DwUdk / (rSev f yS g)/ okUd aomf olU[mav;eJUol cGiu f svkyo f mG ;awmhvnf; tomav; ygoG m ;wmaygh / tJ ' D a wmh rod & if aMumuf p &mtaumif ; qk H ; ? od a wmh v nf ; tif r wef 0rf;omp&maumif;wmaygh/ 'Dawmh - bke;f BuD;vnf; tjrJwrf;ajymygw,f/ uk, d t hf okb ukd uk, d rf jrif&if wjcm;vm;? t0dZÆmvm;/ (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh bke;f BuD; wkUd 'um? 'umrawG tckw&m;a[mwJh bke;f BuD; w&m;emwJh 'um?

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'umrawG &&Sad ewJh a[m'D twåabmBuD;[m okbcE¨m vm;/ tokb cE¨mvm;/ (tokbcE¨myg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ukd,fhrSm&SdwJh tokbukd ukd,frjrif&if b,foltkyf/ (t0dZÆmtkyfygw,f bk&m;)/ t0dZÆm tkyf&if wjcm;jzpfrmS vm;? wd&pämefjzpfrmS vm; (wd&pämef jzpfrf mS yg bk&m;)/ [kwNf yD -- 'gubke;f BuD;wkYd y&d,wftaejzifh oifvu dk w f maygh/ tJ'o D ifvu dk f wJh y&d,wfudk tif; - ig t0dZÆm b,fvt dk yk w f mvJ? uk, d rhf mS b,fvt dk yk f aevJ uk, d u hf dk obm0usus jyefMunhzf Udk ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f bk&m;)/ uJ? 'Dawmh qHzsm;uae ajczsm;ukMd unf&h if wpfu, dk v f ;Hk wpfxnf vk;H onf 32-aum|mo r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'D 32-aum|morSm Oyrm acgif;aygufaeonfh qHyifonf okbvm;? tokbvm;/ (tokbyg bk&m;)/ tokb/ 'g bke;f BuD;wkUd tokbtaMumif;ukd omraPav;awG &Siaf vmif; awG qHcsawmhr,fq&dk if 'Dtokbukd jrifatmif bke;f BuD;wkUd ajym&w,f/ ]]armif&ifavmif;wkUd armif&UJ acgif;ay:rSmaygufaewJh qHyif[m tokb awGy}J } qkad wmh Ak'b ¨ momu tokbqkw d hJ pum;Mum;vku d &f ifyJ enf;enf; wkev f yI o f mG ;w,f/ tokbvkaYd jymvku d &f if vlwpfa,mufaoNyD; wpfcgwnf; ukwifay:rSm yufvufveS f ok;H &uf av;&ufavmufusawmh teHUav; bmav; xGuv f mawmh tokb? trav; ESmacgif;awG bmawG ½IUH vkUd / tokbqkw d m ESpo f ufp&mvm;? rESpo f ufp&mvm;/ (rESpo f ufp&myg bk&m;)/ olrsm; tokbaemf/ okaYd omf olrsm;tokbom jrifw,f? bke;f BuD;wkUd uk, d t hf okbuk, d f rjrifb;l / 'Dvjdk zifh uk, d t hf okb uk, d rf jrifb;l qkw d m bmaMumifv h J qk&d if Oyrm acgif;rSmaygufaewJh qHyifonf okbvm;? tokbvm;/ (tokbyg bk&m;)/ tokb/ jAKef;ceJ ajymvku d af wmh t&Sib f &k m; acgif;rSmaygufae wJq h yH if tifrwefreG jf rwfwmyJ/ acgif;qkw d m trGet f jrwfxm;wm/ Ak'¨ bmom0if olawmfpifawGu acgif;ay:rSmaygufwq hJ yH ifudk trGew f jrwf rxm;bl;vm;/ (xm;ygw,f bk&m;)/ tifrwef jrifjh rwfw,f/ wpfcsdKUqkd trav; qHyifav;jzwfNyD;awmhawmif bk&m;XmyemxJ xnfw h mu &Sad o;w,f/ jAKef;ceJqadk wmh [kwo f vkv d Adk saemf/ tJ'aD wmh bke;f BuD;wkUd "mwfcMJG unh&f atmifaemf/ bmvkyMf unf&h rvJ/ ("mwfcMJG unh&f rSmyg bk&m;)/ 0dZmÆ enf;eJU "mwf cGMJ unhv f u dk &f if qHyifrmS ta&mifqw dk m &Sw d ,f/ teHUqkw d m&Sw d ,f/ yko H P²mefqw dk m &Sw d ,f/ r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ qHyifrmS teHU qkw d m tJ'g bke;f BuD;wkUd &Sijf yKNyDqv dk Udk &S&d if qHcsumeD; 'g tjrJwrf; owd ay;&w,f/ tokbukd jrifatmifayghaemf/ 'Dawmh uk, d ahf cgif;rSm aygufaewJh qHyif[m olU&JUobm0 teHUu ñSpD Udk pkUd ykwt f t hJ hJ teHU&Sw d ,f/ r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if 'um? 'umrwku Yd ]][m-wynfah wmfwUdk t&Sib f &k m;ajymwm r,kb H ;l }}/ 'Dawmh bke;f BuD; owday;csifw,f/ r,k&H if vufawGUprf;Munfyh g/ uk, d ahf cgif; ukd wpfvavmuf ESpv f avmuf qDrvdr;f bmrvdr;f ravQmfrjyKbJeUJ 'Dtwkid ;f xm; Munfph rf;yg/ uk, d ahf cgif;uk, d f ESmacgif;eJU wifEidk yf ghrvm;/ (rwifEidk yf gbl; bk&m;)/ bmteHUxGuv f mvJ/ (tokbteHU xGuv f mygw,f bk&m;)/ tokb eHUxGuNf yD -- aemf/ tJ'gu vufawGUjywJh oabm/ uJ - 'Dawmh teHUeJUMunh&f if uk, d ahf cgif;rSmaygufaewJq h yH ifonf okbvm;? tokbvm;/ (tokbygbk&m;)/ okbqkw d m ESpo f ufp&m jrwfE;dk p&m wG,w f mp7m/ tokbqkw d m rESpo f ufp&m &GpH &m aMumufp&m ESv;Hk emp&maygh/ qefu Y sib f ufoabmaemf/ tJ'aD wmh qHyifonf teHUeJUMunh&f ifyJ obm0uku d ykwaf pmfeaH eaomaMumifh aeUpOfaeUwkid ;f jyKjyifae&wm r[kwb f ;l vm;/ (rSev f yS g/) 'Dvjdk zifh aeUpOf aeUwkid ;f jyKjyif ae&wmu okbrkUd vdUk vm;? tokbrkUd vkUd vm;/ (tokbrkUd vkUd ygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh teHUeJUMunh&f if vnf; tokbw&m;yJ/ rESpo f ufp&m aemf/ ta&mifeUJ Munh&f if qHyifta&mif[m a,m*DwUdk avmurSm &So d rQ ta&mifawG trsm;BuD;&Syd gw,f/ vlawG&UJ BudKufEpS o f ufwt hJ a&mif xJrSm qHyif ta&mifyg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl; bk&m;)/ rGJajcmufajcmufeJU/ tifrwef usufoa& r&SdwJhta&mif/ acgif;rSm aygufaewJh qHyif[m rnf;awmhvnf; rnf;ovk?d jzLawmhvnf;yJ jzLovkd - [kwv f m;/ a[m tck jrefrmEkdifiH usawmh tcsdKU tck eDaMumifaMumifawGawmif qkd;xm;jyefw,f/ qHyifukd/ tcsdKU jzLawmh trnf;a&mifq;dk w,f/ tcsKd Uusawmh rnf;wJOh pömukd eDaMumifaMumif jzpfatmif qk;d w,f/ tokbukd wefqmqifaewm/ 83

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

tJawmh ta&mifeUJ Munfv h nf; usuo f a&r&Sw d t hJ a&mifBuD; acgif;ay:wifxm;wm qkad wmh tokbw&m; ajymcsiw f myg/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ uJ 'Dawmh aumif;NyD? qHyifyo Hk P²mefMunf&h if tifrwef rESpo f uf p&m yko H P²mef r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ &SNd yDaemf/ 'g - bke;f BuD;wkYd y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f a'oemukd ajymaewm a,m*DwUdk / tJ'aD wmh jyefNyD;aumufvu dk /f qHyifonf teHUeJUMunhMf unh?f yko H P²mefeUJ yJMunhMf unfh ta&mifeUJ MunhMf unhf ESpo f ufp&m b,f[mrsm; ygvkUd vJ/ (ryg-ygbl; bk&m;)/ rygaomaMumifh tJ'gonf tokbvkdY qkH;jzwfcsufcs/ bmygvdrhf./ (tokbyg bk&m;)/ bk e f ; BuD ; awG u &d w f x m;awmh tok b acgif ; ay:rwif a wmh b l ; / 'um? 'umrawG u awmh qHyifu&Snaf ewJt h cgusawmh acgif;ay:rSm bmBuD;wif xm;wmvJ/ (tokbacgif;ay:wifxm;wmygbk&m;)/ tif; - 'Du, kd af wmfeUJ awGUrSyJ uk, d ahf cgif;ay: tokba&mufreS ;f odawmhw,f/ t"dymÜ ,fayghaemf/ okUd aomf tpuwnf; uvnf; okbvm;? tokbvm;/ (tokbyg bk&m;)/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ okUd aomf tJ'v D dk aeUpOfaeUwkid ;f uk, d q hf yH ifudk rjyKjyif&bl;vm;/ (jyKjyif&ygw,fb&k m;)/ zD;Muw,f/ vdr;f Mu&w,f/ oyfoyf&yf&yfvyk &f w,f/ vSvyS yjzpfatmif jyKjyif&w,faygh/ avmueJU aewmukd;/ avmueJU txkduftavsmuf tqifajyatmifaygh/ rzD;rvdrf;bJeJU qHyifpw k zf mG ;BuD; Munfh aumif;yghrvm;/ (raumif;ygbl; bk&m;)/ b,faumif;rvJ/ avmurSm wifw h ,fatmifawmh vky&f ao;w,f/ okdUaomf bmawGyJvkyfvkyf 'um? 'umrawG qHyifu okbjzpfvm Ekdifyghrvm;/ (rjzpfvmEkdifygbl; bk&m;)/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'Dvkd aeUpOfaeUwkdif; qHyifukd jyKjyifwkdif; zD;wkdif; vdrf;wkdif; jc,fowkdif; avQmw f idk ;f zGyw f idk ;f ukd uJ-bke;f Bu;D wkUd 'um? 'umrawG ESv;Hk a&moGi;f rd&UJ vm;/ (roGi;f rdygbl;bk&m;)/ tokbBu;D ygvm;/ tokbBuD;ygvm;/ tJvkdESvkH;oGif;rd &JUvm;/ (roGif;rdygbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tokbonf r&SdwJhw&m;vm;? &Sad ewJw h &m;vm;/ (&Sad ewJh w&m;yg bk&m;)/ okUd jzifh &Sad ewmukd jrifwmvm;? rjrifwmvm;/ (rjrifwmyg bk&m;)/ rjrifb;l / wu,ftrSe&f w dS mukd rjrifb;l / tJ'D wu,ftrSef &Sw d mudrk jrifwmonf b,foyl gvdr/hf (t0dZmÆ ygbk&m;)/ trSe&f w dS musawmh olurjrifb;l / trSm;usawmhjrifw,f/ trSeu f akd zsmuf trSm;a&muf awmufavQmuf ydwu f m t0dZÆm/ qkMd unhyf g/ (trSeu f dk azsmuf trSm;a&muf awmufavQmuf ydwu f m t0dZÆm)/

Bud K wif v uf r S w f trSeu f u dk sawmh oluazsmufypfNyD; trSm;usawmh a&mufw,f/ 'g uk, d ahf cgif;rSm&Sw d q hJ yH if tokbvkUd wpfaeukeaf evkUd rpOf;pm;rdb;l / okUd aomf pOf;omrpOf;pm; rdw,f/ a[m'D acgif;rSmaygufaewJh qHyifonf okb jzpf&UJ vm;/ (rjzpfygbl; bk&m;)/ rjzpfb;l aemf/ rjzpfb;l / tJ'aD wmh tokbqkw d mukd uk, d u f rpOf;pm;bl;/ enf;enf;vnf; pdwx f u J aMumuf wwfwwf &Sad wmhaemf/ rpOf;pm;bl;/ tif; - apmapmpD;pD; rpOf;pm;eJU t"dymÜ ,faemf/ a[m jyKvkUd jyifvUdk qifvUdk ponfjzifh uk, d [ hf mav; eJu Y , dk f ausmharmhNyD; pdwx f rJ mS rMunfvifb;l vm;/ (Munfvifygw,f bk&m;)/ tif; - vSvyS yav;jzpfNyD qkad wmh vScsifw,f? ycsifw,f? tqifajycsif w,f qkad wmh ]]csif}} yg&if bm aumufrvJ/ (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ w&m;uk, d f aumufNyDayghaemf/ a,m*DwUdk ]]csif}} yg&if bmwJv h /J (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ <um;csifw,f? 0gcsifw,f? bmcsifw,f nmcsifw,fq&dk if bmjzpfwmvJ/ (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh wPSmonf ukov kd v f m;? tukov dk v f m;/ (tukov kd yf g bk7m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh tJ'v D dk tukov dk jf zpfwmonf trSeu f jdk rif vkUd vm;/ trSeu f dk rjrifvUdk vm;/ (trSeu f dk rjrifvUdk yg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh trSef tokbukd rjrifwmu (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ rjrifwJh twGuf udk,fh[mav;eJUukd,f oabmusaewmu (wPSmygbk&m;)/ rjrif wmu (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ cifwmu (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ aMomf - uk, d hf [mav;eJUud, k f jyKjyifaewmqkad wmh cifwmaygh/ 'um? 'umrawG &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if reufr;dk vif;vkUd ud, k chf E¨muk, d f acgif;uqHyif jyKjyifNyD qku d wnf;u b,foel UJ b,fou l 84

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ESyd pf ufaevJ/ (t0dZmÆ eJU wPSmyg bk&m;)/ rodb;l - tJ'g ESyd pf ufaewm rodb;l aemf/ 'g- tifrwef tEkpw d yf gw,f a,m*DwUdk / tJ'aD wmh t0dZmÆ qkw d w hJ &m;onf wjcm;oGm; rSmvm;/ wd&pämefjynf oGm;rSmvm;/ (wd&pämefjynfomG ;rSmyg bk&m;)/ wPSm avmbonf wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? NydwåmjynfomG ;rSmvm;/ (NydwåmjynfomG ; rSmygbk&m;)/ reufawmif rd;k rvif;ao;bl;/ 'um? 'umrawG uk, d o f mG ;r,fh ae&ma&G;NyD/ b,favmuf aMumufp&maumif;vJ/ t0dZÆm wPSmaemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ tJ - uk, d o f mG ;rJah e&mu b,fae&mvJ/ tyg,f/ cke trSe&f adS ewJh tokbukd trSerf jrifwmu b,foyl gvdr/hf (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh t0dZÆmav; wpfcsuf 0ifwkdif;0ifwkdif; wjcm;vSrf;Munhf wmvm;/ wd&pämefjynf vSr;f Munhw f mvm;/ (wd&pämefjynf vSr;f Munhw f myg bk&m;)/ raoao;vkUd / 'DcE¨museaf eao;vkUd - aemf/ 0dygu0#fBuD;u 'DrmS 'kut © rsdK;rsdK; cHzUdk &Sad o;w,f/ aovkUd rjzpfao;bl;/ tJ'D 0dygu0#f &Sad eao;onft h wGuaf Mumifh raoao;vkUd / odkdUaomfvnf; 'um? 'umrawG [kdrSm BudKwifNyD;awmh p&ef½kdufxm;NyDAsm/ BudKwif p&ef½kdufw,f/ 'g bke;f BuD;tjrJwrf;vnf; owday; Oyrmav; ajymzl;ygw,f/ c&D;vrf;oGm;aeMuwJh 'um? 'umrawG &xm;eJU? um;eJU oGm; awmh ae&maumif;&zkUd apmapmpD;pD; BudKNyD;awmh vufrw S jf zwfw,f r[kwf bl;vm;/ (rSev f yS g)/ &efuek u f ae rEÅav;oGm;r,f/ b,faeUoGm;r,f/ BuKd Ny;D awmh vufrw S jf zwfwm/ tJ'aD wmh vufrw S af wmh jzwfxm;w,f/ b,faeUus&if oGm;r,fqw dk m raocsmbl;vm;/ (aocsmygw,f bk&m;)/ okUd aomf oGm;awmhroGm;ao;bl;/ 'gayrJh BudKNyD;awmh bmvkyw f mvJ/ (vuf rSwjf zwfygw,f bk7m;)/ 'g - Oyrmaqmif a[mwmaemf/ tJ'aD wmh ckvnf;yJ bke;f BuD;wkUd tm;vk;H a,m*Drsm; tokbukd tokb acgif;rSmayguf aewmukd rjrifwidk ;f rjrifwidk ;f ? rodwidk ;f rodwidk ;f vufrw S Bf uKd BuKd jzwfaewm/ uk, d o f mG ;rJah e&mud/k uk, d o f mG ;csiw f ahJ e&mukd bmvkyw f mvJ/ uJ - aeYpOf aeUpOf jzwfwJh BudKwifvufrSwfawGu 'keJUa';ygvm;/ (rSefvSyg)/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ 'g bke;f BuD;ajcmufa[mwm yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;)/ [krd mS t0dZÆmwpfcu k dk ajymaewmaemf/ ajcmufa[mwm yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl; bk7m;)/ [kwNf yD/ jzpfpOfuu dk /f tJ'gukd bke;f BuD;u y&d,wftaejzifh a'oempOftm;jzifh a[mvku d f NyD/ tJ'D y&d,wfa[mwJh a'oempOfudk ud, k chf E¨mxJjyefNyD;Munhv f u dk &f if acgif;rSmaygufaewJh qHyif&UJ tokbukd rjrifwidk ;f rjrifwidk ;f b,fw&m; tkycf sKyfwmvJ/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u rdeUf w,f/ bke;f BuD;ukd pum;vk;H av; wpfv;Hk awmh ajymcGijhf yKaemf/ ud, k rhf ad wG zawG av;pm;ygw,f/ t0dZÆmqkdwm bkef;BuD;avQmha[mvkdUvnf;r&bl;/ ykda[mvkdUvnf; r&bl;/ tJawmhtJ'DvkdtrSef&SdaewJh trSefw&m;ukd rjrifwkdif; rjrifwkdif; 'Dpdwfonf wjcm; pdwfvm;? wd&pämefpdwfvm;/ (wd&pämefpw d yf gbk7m;)/ uJ-'Dvjdk zif&h if bke;f BuD;wkUd rdawGzawG av;av;pm;pm;ygyJ - [kwv f m;/ wpfaeU wpfaeU tJ'pD w d f b,fE, S chf gaygufv/J (ra&rwGuEf idk yf gbl;bk&m;)/ b,favmuf aMumufp&maumif;vJ/ 'gaMumifh - a[m'D y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;udk rem&? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fjzwfwhJ tvkyu f rdk S rvkyo f rQ umvywfv;Hk aeUpOfaeUwkdif; wd&pämefpdwfjzpfae w,fvkdU aus;Zl;&Sifrkd;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; u½kPm"mwfeJU rdefUawmfrl oGm;ygw,fa,m*DwUdk / tJ'gu bke;f BuD;u vk&d if;Oyrm a[m'Dacgif;rSm aygufaewJh qHyifav;wpfcak jymwm/ tJ'aD wmh reuf rk;d vif;awmh rsufEmS opfNyDqu dk wnf;u uJ - 'um? 'umrawG ropfvUdk jzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl; bk&m;)/ bmjzpfvUdk opfwmbJ/ (tokbrkUd vkUd yg bk&m;)/ reuf rk;d vif;vmNyq D adk wmh rsuv f ;Hk awGu bmawGxu G v f mvJ/ (rsufacs;awGyg bk7m;)/ okbvm;? tokbvm;/ (tokbyg bk&m;)/ rsufacs;odr;f xm;wmrsm; &S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl; bk&m;)/ b,folrS rodrf;bl;-aemf/ rsufESmopf ypf&w,f/ rwifhw,fbl;/ awmfMum oGm;wkduf&wmeJU? rsufEmS opf&wmeJU 'g - bke;f BuD;wkUd aeUpOfvyk &f wJh tvkyaf v/ vlyjJ zpfjzpf? &[ef;yJjzpfjzpf? 'umyJjzpfjzpf? 'umryJjzpfjzpf 'Dtvkyu f a&SmifvUdk r&bl;/ 'Dvjdk zifh okbrkUd vkv Yd m;? tokbrkUd vkUd vm;/ (tokbrkUd vkUd ygbk&m;)/ 85

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aMomf - ckawmh 'Da'oempOfav; axmufjyvku d w f m aMomf - [kww f maygh? rsupf u d xGuaf ewJh rsu0f wfawG? rsufacs;awG[m tokb w&m;awG rwifw h ,fb;l ? tifrwef &GpH &maumif;wJt h &mawGygvm; qkNd yD; awmh aeYwidk ;f rsufESmawGropf&bl;vm;/ (opf&ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd rsufESmopfwm okbrkdUvkdUvm;? tokbrkdUvkdUvm;/ (tokbrkUd vkUd yg bk&m;)/ [kwNf yD - 'guawmh bke;f BuD;u a'oempOf a[mwm/ tJ'aD wmh a,m*DwUdk u udkf,fhukd,fukd jyefar;/ tJ'Dvkd rsufESmopfwkdif; opfwkdif; 'D - tokb BuD; rsufESmopfae&ygvm;vkdU pOf;aumpOf;pm;rd&UJ vm;/ (rpOf;pm;rdygbl; bk7m;)/ tokb r[kwv f Udk vm;? [kw&f UJ eJU rpOf;pm;wmvm;/ ([kw&f UJ eJU rpOf;pm;wmyg bk&m;)/ okjYd zif&h if trSew f u,f &Sad ewmukrd jrifbeJ UJ trSm; jrifwmubmwJv h /J (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ trSeu f adk zsmuf? trSm;a&muf? awmufavQmuf ydwu f m t0dZmÆ / tJ'aD wmh reufr;dk vif;awmh rsufv;Hk ESpf vk;H yGiahf wmh rsufESmopfwmqkdwmawmifrSyJ 'um? 'umrawG tokbukd rjrifbl;/ apmapmpD;pD; usufoa&r&SdwmBuD; rpOf;pm;&Jbl;/ aMumufu vnf; enf;enf;aMumufw,f/ apmapmpD;pD; qkdawmh/ wGufMunhfaemf/ b,fol tkycf sKyfomG ;wmvJ/ (t0dZÆm tkycf sKyfwmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh t0dZÆmtkyfcsKyfoGm;w,fqkdawmh b,fukdoGm;r,fvkdU vufrSwfjzwf/ (wd&pämefjynfyg bk&m;)/ pOf;pm;Munfhprf; 'um? 'umrwkdU/ 'Dw&m;rsm; tvkyfrvkyfvkdU&Sd&ifjzifh ukd,fhtwGuf tyg,fav;yg;ygyJ/ 'D v k d j zif h tJ ' D tok b w&m;onf tjcm;w&m;vm;? 'k u © o pö m w&m;vm;/ ('k u © o pö m w&m;yg bk & m;)/ reufr;dk vif;uwnf;u opömrjrifb;l / &Si;f &Si;f av;&,faemf/ tJ'aD wmh a[m'D cE¨mud, k f wpfcv k ;Hk ukd rsufEmS opf &wmu wpfrsdK;? oGm;wku d &f wmu wpfrsdK;? a&csdK;&wmu wpfrsdK;? [m-awmfMumawmh wykw d yg; ykUd &wmu wpfrsdK; 'DcE¨muk, d ef UJ ywfoufNyD;awmh tJ'gawGu okbawGvm;? tokbawGvm;/ (tokbawGyg bk&m;)/ tJ'v D dk uk, d t hf okbukd uk, d f wpfcgrQ rpOf;pm;rdb;l ? rodb;l qkv d Udk &S&d if tjcm;w&m; tkycf sKyfwmvm;? t0dZmÆ w&m; tkycf sKyfwmvm;/ (t0dZmÆ w&m; tkycf sKyfwmygbk&m;)/ aumif;NyD 'g-t0dZmÆ wpfv;Hk wnf; ajymwmayghaemf/ okUd aomf t0dZmÆ qkw d t hJ az&S&d if wPSmqkw d hJ tarua&m rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'aD wmhrS uk, d chf E¨mukd tav;xm;NyD; jyKumjyifum bmnmvkyfwJhtcgusawmh tkd; - ukd,fh[mav;eJUukd,frsm; oabmawGusvkdU/ ud, k chf E¨muk, d f cifrifwm wG,w f mwmaygh? oabmus w,fqw dk m wjcm;vm;? wPSmvm;/ (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ okUd jzifh wPSmonf wjcm;vm;? avmbvm;/ (avmbygb&m;)/ avmbeJUaoawmh (Nydwåmjynfyg bk&m;)/ tJ - rk;d rvif;ao;bl;/ wd&pämefjynfomG ;zkUd vufrw S jf zwf? NydwåmjynfomG ;zkUd vufrw S jf zwf/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'MD um;xJu wpfcgwav uk, d u hf , dk u f dk pdwx f u J tdy&f mxawmh acgif;u w,frMunfcsifb;l / tif;&dyo f ma&muf&if 'gawmhowdxm;aemf/ tdrf rf mS 7-em&D? 8-em&DrS tdy, f mxwm? 'DrmS 4-em&Dqkd xNyD/ a[m acgif;u w,frMunfcsifb;l / rsufEmS omopf&w,f/ roGm;vkUd rjzpfvUdk omoGm;wmwJ/h a[m - Oyrm? Oyrm/ 'Dvrdk [kwyf gbl;aemf? 'Da,m*DawG 'Dvpdk w d rf sdK;r&Sb d ;l ? tif;tif;-jzpfwwfwo hJ bm0/ &Sv d nf; rajymbl;/ pdwcf s/ uG,&f musrS ajymr,f/ a&SUwifajymvkUd roihaf wmfb;l - [kwv f m;/ tJ'v D jdk zpfNyDqadk wmh 'um? 'umrawG pOf;pm;Munhf tvkrd usb;l qkad wmh wjcm;vm;? a'govm;/ (a'goygbk&m;)/ 'Dt&mwpfcu k kd trSerf jrif&if arm[qkw d hJ t0dZÆmu wpfrsdK;? uk, d u hf dk oabmusaewJh cifrifw, G w f maewJh cifrifwhJ avmbu wpfrsdK;? tvkdrusawmh a'gou wpfrsdK; qkdawmh aeUpOfaeUwkdif; avmb? a'go? arm[? qkdwm 'gawGyJ tkycf sKyfaew,fqadk wmh ok*wdeAd mÁ ef b,faerSe;f rodb;l / tJ'gaMumihf jrwfpmG bk&m; uk, d af wmfjrwfBuD; vufonf;cGaH y: ajrrIeUf wifjywm 'um? 'umrwkUd aemf/ ESpo f ed ;f av;aomif;txk&adS om yx0DajrBuD;ESit hf rQ wjcm;oGm;wmvm;/ tyg,f oGm;wmvm;/ (tyg,fomG ;wmyg bk&m;)/ tck bke;f BuD;wkUd tifrwef r[muHx;l &SiBf uD;awGrUdk vufocJ aHG y: ygvmwm/ vlUjynfa&mufvmwm/ tJ'v D dk vlUjynfa&mufvmwJt h cgrSm 'Dvdk ÓmPfw&m;awGom tm;rxkwv f Ukd ud, k yhf #dpo ö rkygÜ 'f ud, k jf zwfwt hJ vkyu f dk rvkyb f ;l qk&d if cke r[myx0DajrBuD; xJ uk, d jf yefa&mufomG ;Ekid w f ,f/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,fb&k m;)/ 86

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

tBuD ; rm;qH k ; tjypf tJ'gaMumifrh Udk vkUd tJ'D t0dZÆmuae 0dZÆmjzpfatmif 'um? 'umr awG ÓmPfb,fEpS Óf mPf &-&rvJ/ (ig;ÓmPf &-&ygr,fb&k m;)/ tzk;H b,fEpS zf ;Hk cGm&rvJ/ (ig;zk;H cGm&ygr,f bk&m;)/ tJ'D ig;zk;H cGmvku d &f if 'um? 'umrawG vkcd sifwahJ e&mukd ra&mufb;l vm;/ (a&mufygw,fb&k m;)/ ÓmPfb,fEÓS mPfv/J (ig;ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ [kwNf yD - tJ'ÓD mPf ig;ÓmPfrmS reufuawmh bke;f BuD; emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf enf;enf;pxm; w,faemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ tck eHygwfwpf jyefuidk rf ,f/ eHygwfwpfÓmPfu bmÓmPfygvdr/hf (ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPf)/ ur®óuwm or®m'd|d ÓmPfaemf/ ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPfu uHEiS t hf usKd ;ay;udk ,kMH unfwhJ ÓmPf/ tck uHuadk [mrSmaemf/ bmukad [mrSmvJ/ (uHuydk g bk&m;)/ uHEiS t hf usdK;ay;udk em;rvnfvUdk oabmraygufvUdk rusifo h ;Hk bl;qk&d if ed,wrdpmä 'd|d jzpfw,f/ pum;vk;H wpfv;Hk wk;d oGm;NyD/ rSwv f u dk yf g a,m*DopfawG/ uHEiS t hf usdK;ay;ukd vufrcH em;rvnf&if bm'd|/d (ed,w rdpmä 'd|yd g bk&m;)/ uHEiS t hf usdK;ay;ukd em;vnfatmif bke;f BuD;u 'g&Si;f yghr,f/ tJ'aD wmh 'DuEH iS hf tusdK;ay;ukd bmjzpfvUdk &Si;f &wmvJ qkv d Udk &S&d if uHEiS hf tusdK;ay;ukd em;rvnfvUdk vufrcHvUdk rusifo h ;Hk vkUd qk&d if bm'd|jd zpf? (ed,wrdpmä 'd|yd gbk&m;)/ ed,w rdpmä 'd|q d w dk m[m oHo&mopfiw k w f /hJ q&mawmfBuD;vnf; rdeUf oGm;w,f/ ed,wrdpmä 'd|u d dk b,fvadk c:/ (oHo&mopfiw k yf gbk&m;)/ [kwNf yD - oHo&m opfiw k q f w dk m bmajymrSe;f rodb;l / jrefrmpum; jrefrmoabmraygufb;l jzpfaew,f [kwv f m;/ oHo&mopfikwfqkdwm[m b,fbk&m;tqlql cRwfaomfvnf;yJ ruRwfEkdifwmukd oHo&mopfiw k v f Udk ac:ygw,f/ pum;vk;H wpfv;Hk wk;d vm jyefNyD/ oHo&mopfiw k q f w dk hJ t"dymÜ ,fu b,fb&k m; tqlqcl Rwfaomfvnf; ruRwfb;l wJ/h tukov dk Bf uD;tm;BuD;vkUd ruRwfeidk w f m/ aemufwpfv;Hk u yÍömeEÅ&, d uHawmh tm;vk;H em;vnfavmufyg w,faemf/ uJ - 'gav; A[kow k jzpfatmif qkv d u dk &f atmif/ (1) trduo kd wfwm = rmwkCmwu (2) tzuko d wfwm = ydwC k mwu (3) &[EÅmuko d wfwm = t&[EÅCmwu (4) bk&m;udk aoG;pdr;f wnfatmifjyKwm = avm[dwyk gÜ 'u (5) oHCmoif;uGaJ tmifvyk w f m = oHCab'u b,fESpfyg; (ig;yg;yg bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd yÍömeEÅ&d,uHig;yg;vkdU ac:w,f/ 'Dawmh Ak'¨bmomrSm 'D yÍömeEÅ&, d uHig;yg;oifch yJ gw,f/ oifch yJ gw,f - aemf/ okUd aomfvnf;yJ bk&m;vufxufu tZmwowf wkUd aygh? a'0'wfwUdk aygh-aemf? yÍömeEÅ&, d uH roifb h ;l vm;/ (oifyh gw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'v D dk yÍömeEÅ&, d uHoif&h if r*fwm; zkv d w f m;jzpf? ao&if i&Jus? 'Db0 tm;xkwcf sifoavmuf tm;xkw?f edAÁmefr&bl;/ 'Duu H umuG,v f u dk Nf yD/ 'Dawmh bke;f BuD;wkUd t*kv F rd mvBuD; owfvmwm? ratukd owfzUdk tcsed u f av;eD;wJt h csed af v;rSm jrwfpmG bk&m;ocif 0ifNyD;cRwf&wm r[kwb f ;l vm;/ (rSev f yS g)/ atmifjcif;&Spyf g;ukd jyefMunhaf emf/ 'Dvjdk zifh vlawGuo dk wfwmu r*fwm; zkdvfwm; rjzpfbl;/ tarukdowf&if ckeuajymwJh *kPfBuD;&SifjzpfwmaMumifh rdcifudkowfrdvkdfuf&if 'Dyk*¾dKvf r*fwm;zkv d w f m;jzpf? ao&ifi&JusrmS / 'gukd bk&m;&Sif uk, d af wmfjrwf jrifawmfrw l hJ tcgusawmh om;eJUtartMum;rSm 0ifNyD;awmh r&yf&bl;vm;/ 'g bke;f BuD;wkUd a,m*DwUdk tjrifyaJ emf/ ½k;d ½k;d vlwpfa,mufeUJ rdbeJU rwlb;l aemf/ [ku d *kPBf uD;&Sijf zpfwt hJ wGuf tJ'D *kPBf uD;&Siu f dk oGm;NyD;awmh owfrv d u kd &f if bmuHv/J (yÍömeEÅ&, d uH)/ 'Dawmh aumif;Ny/D tJ'D yÍömeEÅ&, d uHukd usL;vGew f yhJ *k Kd¾ vf 'Db0 r*fwm; zkv d w f m;jzpf? ao&if i&Jus/ 'gu tZmwowfwUdk ? a'0'wfwUdk / a,m*DwUdk odxm;NyD;NyDaemf/ tJ'aD wmh tJ'D yÍömeEÅ&, d uHu 'Duu H u dk sL;vGev f Udk &S&d if olUtwkid ;f twmtm;jzifh i&Juu dk soGm;w,f/ odUk aomf i&JrmS olUtjypf&o dS rQ cHNyD; &if uRwfomG ;&if vGwo f mG ;a&m/ yÍömeEÅ&, d uH&UJ tjypfaemf/ ckeuajym wJh 87

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

ed,wrdpmä 'd|u d awmh uRwf&uf vGw&f ufr&Sb d ;l qkad wmh yÍömeEÅ&, d uH xuf ykt d jypfrBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f)/ tJ'aD wmh - ed,w rdpmä 'd|jd zpfwmu bmeJUbmukd em;rvnfvUkd vJ/ (uHEiS hf uHtusdK;ay;ukd em;rvnfvUdk yg bk&m;)/ ta&; BuD;w,faemf/ tJ'aD wmh uHEiS hf tusdK;ay;ukd em;rvnf&if bm'd|d (ed,wrdpmä 'd|yd g bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ed,wrdpäm'd|dqkdwJh acgif;pOfwpfck &NyDaemf/ aumif;NyD/ ed,w rdpäm 'd|dqkdwm bmvJ qkdawmh ed,wrdpmä 'd|rd mS 'd|o d ;Hk rsdK; ygvmw,f/ 'd|d b,fEpS rf sdK;/ (ok;H rsdK;yg bk&m;)/ 'd|d ok;H rsdK;aemf/ (1) tud&, d 'd|d (2) ew¬u d 'd|d (3) ta[wku'd|d [kwNf yD/ b,fEpS yf g;/ (ok;H yg;)/ tJ'o D ;Hk yg;[m ckeu ed,wrdpmä 'd|v d Udk ac:wm/ [kwNf yD - 'Dawmh ed,wrdpmä 'd|q d dk wJh t"dymÜ ,fu ed,wqkw d m ckid jf rJwmukd ajymwm/ jrefrmvkjd yefawmh ed,wqkw d m bmygvdr/fh (ckid jf rJwmyg bk&m;)/ ajrjyifrmS ausmufwidk Bf uD; wpfwidk f pku d x f m;&if b,fvydk J avwku d w f u dk ?f 'um 'umrawG rvIyf awmhb;l / ckid w f hJ t"dymÜ ,fudk ajymwm/ tJ'D ckid jf rJovkd 0g'pGw J pfck trSm; pGBJ uD;wpfck rvGww f rf;pGv J mwmukd ed,wrdpmä 'd|v d Udk ac:ygw,f/ 'D t,l0g'onf rSm;aew,f/ okUd aomf rSm;aewJt h ,l0g'ukd olutrSex f if NyD;awmh rvGww f rf;pGaJ ewmukd bm'd|/d (ed,wrdpmä 'd|yd g bk&m;)/ tJ'D awmh ed,wrdpmä 'd|w d iG f b,fEpS yf g; (ok;H yg;yg bk&m;)/ ok;H rsdK;ygw,faygh/ tJ'aD wmh tJ'D 'd|o d ;Hk rsdK;ukd bke;f BuD;wkUd anmifav;yifq&mawmfBuD;rsm; y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oifwef;ygxm;wJh vuFmav;awG &Sdw,fayghaemf/ vuFmav;eJUoGm;&if aemufykdif; tJ'DvuFmrygoGm;&if ½Iyw f wfveG ;f vkUd aemf/ uJ - 'Dawmh vuFmav; vku d q f &dk atmif aemf/ tud&duHy,f ewfusdK;y,f ESpfoG,fta[wk/ tud&u d yH ,f? ewfusdK;y,f? ESpo f , G t f a[wk qkw d m cke ed,wrdpmä 'd|d ukd ajymaewmaemf/ tud&u d yH ,f qkdawmh tud&d,'d|dqkdwm uHukd y,fvkduf wmukd ajymwm/ 'DvuFmav;u rSwf&wmvnf; vG,fw,f/ qkdvkdUvnf;aumif; &atmifvnf; usufxm;&if a[m - cke tud&duH y,fqkdawmh uHukdy,fwm bm'd|d (tud&, d 'd|yd gbk&m;)/ a&mwwfveG ;f vkUd aemf/ uHuydk ,fwm bm'd|/d (tud&, d 'd|yd gbk&m;)/ tud&, d 'd|q d w dk m (t = r&S?d ud&, d = jyKjcif;) jyKayr,fjh yK&mra&mufvUdk bmomjyef&w,f/ ukov dk jf yKvnf; jyK&mra&muf? tukov dk jf yKvnf; jyK&mra&mufb;l / bmvkUd vJqadk wmh Ak't ¨ bd"r®mrSm yk*Kd¾ vf owå0g olig r&S?d ½kyef mrfy&J w dS ,f qkad wmh yk*Kd¾ vfrS r&Sb d b J ,foUl uko d wfrvJ/ owfp&myk*Kd¾ vfr&Sad wmh olwpfyg;toufowf w,fqw dk m rjzpfEidk b f ;l / owfp&myk*Kd¾ vfr[kwv f Udk ? r&Sv d Udk owf&mra&mufb;l / olyidk u f , dk yf idk rf &Sv d Udk ck;d ayr,fh ck;d &mra&mufb;l qkNd yD; 'gAk'&¨ UJ ur®0g'udk pepfwuszsufq;D wJ0h g'yJ/ bmac:vJ (tud&, d 'dX/d ) ewf u sd K ;y,f qk d a wmh tusd K ;uk d y ,f w m ew¬ d u 'd | d / aumif ; wmvk y f vnf ; aumif ; usd K ;r&S d ? raumif;wmvkyv f nf; raumif;usKd ;ray;/ a&S;b0 aemufb0r&S?d ukov dk v f yk v f yk ?f tukov dk v f yk v f yk f bmrQtusKd ;rjzpf qkw d mu ew¬u d 0g'ygyJ/ ESpo f , G t f a[wk qkad wmh taMumif;tusdK;ukyd ,fwm/ ESpo f , G f ta[wku;dk / tJ'aD wmh taMumif;y,f? tusdK;y,f/ tJ'g bm'd|/d (ta[wku'd|yd gbk&m;)/ uHuydk ,fwm (tud&, d 'dX)d / tusdK;ukyd ,fwm (ew¬u d 'd|)d / taMumif;tusdK;ukyd ,fwm (ta[wku'd|)d / okjYd zifh 'Daqmify'k u f av;ukd &xm;&if a,m*DwUkd 'DyaHk oenf;jzifh oGm;vkUd &NyaD emf/ tud&u d yH ,f? ewfusKd ;y,f?

ESpo f , G t f a[wk qkw d hJ tJ'D 'd|w d iG f tud&, d 'd|u d uHuydk ,fwm/ tud&, d 'd|u d (uHuydk ,fwmyg bk&m;)/ ew¬u d 'd|u d (tusdK;ukyd ,fwm)/ 'Dawmh ESpo f , G q f adk wmh taMumif;tusdK;ukyd ,fwmu ta[wku qkad wmh tckb,fEpS yf g;vJ/ (ok;H yg;yg bk&m;)/ tJ'D 'd|o d ;Hk yg;ukd bm'd|ad c:/ (ed,wrdpmä 'd|yd gbk&m;)? ed,wrdpmä 'd|d &S&d if oHo&mopfiw k /f ao&iftyg,fus/ b,fb&k m;tqlql cRwf ruRwf/ 'DurÇmu ukev f Udk &S&d if aemufurÇmqufc/H 88

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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tJ'Davmufxd tjypfBuD;ygw,f/ tJ'Davmuf tjypfBuD;wm bmÓmPfr&vkdU/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf r&wmygbk&m;)/ [kwNf yD - 'gqk&d if ed,wrdpmä 'd|d tjypfBuD;wm 'Davmufq&dk if enf;enf;av; oabmaygufomG ;NyDaemf/ tJ'aD wmh ed,wrdpmä 'd|d jzpfwmu wjcm;r,kMH unfvUdk vm;? uHudk r,kMH unfvUdk vm;/ (uHudk r,kMH unfvUdk yg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh uHu, dk &Hk r,fqadk wmh aumif;wJu h &H ,f? raumif;wJu h &H ,f r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if ,aeU bke;f BuD;wkUd tm;vk;H 'um 'umrawG/ ,ck w&m;a[mwJb h ek ;f BuD;? w&m;em aewJh 'um 'umrawGaygh/ aemufEpS af ygif; 50-100 qk&d if 'Dval wG&ydS gOD;rvm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ b,fomG ;MurSmvJ/ (aoukeMf urSmygbk&m;)/ tukef aoukef MurSm-aemf/

tdyf,m0if&Sif;wrf;xkwf uJ - 'Dawmh - aumif;NyD/ aowmukd pdwful;av;eJUvSrf;Munfhvkduf/ wu,fraoeJUOD;aemf/ pdwful;eJUaooGm;NyDqkd&if uJ ukd,fhaemufbmygrvJ/ (bmrSrygygbl;bk&m;)/ rdbaqGrsdK;awGygvm;/ (rygygbl; bk&m;)/ tk;d tdrw f u dk f wmawG yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl; bk&m;)/ pnf;yGm;Opöm &mxl;*kPo f rd pf nf;pdrf awGygvm;/ (rygygbl; bk&m;)/ bmwpfcrk S rygbl;/ tJ'gawGu wpfcP pmav;&,f/ wpfb0 wpfeyfpmav;&,f/ &Si;f NyD;aemf/ vuf c snf ; yJ / 'um 'umrawG - aemf / t0wf a umif ; aumif ; &S d & if a wmif cRwf , l x m;OD ; rS m / wcsd K U vlaemufawmufawmufy*k Kd¾ vfeUJ awGU yg;pyfxu J a&TomG ;awmif cRw, f x l m;OD;r,f-As/ rvG,b f ;l aemf/ qkv d cdk siw f mu uk, d ahf emufudk bmygvJ/ (bmrS rygygbl; bk&m;)/ bmrSrygbl; - tJ? ygwmu wpfcw k nf; &Sw d ,f/ ukov dk u f eH UJ tukov dk u f /H tck uHtaMumif; ajymcsifwmaemf/ ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPfudk tck bke;f BuD;aus;Zl;jyKNyDaemf/ tJ'aD wmh aowJt h cgrSm bmeJU bmeJU ygwmvJ/ (ukov dk u f eH UJ tukov dk u f yH g bk&m;)/ ukov dk u f eH UJ tukov dk u f yH J ygw,fqw dk m aocsm oGm;NyD/ [m - vlb Y 0BuD;xJrmS b,favmuf bmawGnmawG vIy&f mS ;NyD; vkyfukdifaew,f/ 'Dtvkyf igrvkyfvkdUrjzpfbl;/ igrukdifvkdU rjzpfbl; pojzifh igr&SdvkdUrjzpfbl;qkdwmawG[m wu,fw h u,fusawmh olU[meJUol jzpfomG ;wmygyJ/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ 'Dawmh aowJt h cgusawmh 'Dtvkyf igrvkyv f Udk rjzpfb;l qkad wmh tJ't D vkyaf wG uk, d ef UJ yg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dtrd rf mS igr&Sv d Udk rjzpfb;l qkw d m igaooGm; awmh tdryf g&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl; bk&m;)/ tk;d - 'Dt;dk 'Dtrd ?f 'Dom; 'DorD;? 'DaqG 'DrsdK;awGeUJ igr&Sv d Udk rjzpfb;l qkad wmh ighaemufudk b,fov l u dk v f /J b,forl S rvku d b f ;l / odyaf vmuGwaf wG racsmef UJ wJ?h q&mawmf qk;H rxm;wm/ tJ'aD wmh vmwke;f uvnf; wpfa,mufwnf;/ jyefawmhvnf; wpfa,mufwnf;/ tazmfygwm b,foel UJ b,fo/l ukov dk u f eH UJ tukov dk f uH/ tJ'g uk, d Uf aemufygrSmaemf/ odyt f a&;BuD;w,f a,m*DwUdk / &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'gukd q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;rsm;? v,fwq D &mawmfb&k m;BuD;rsm; bmqk;H rxm;ovJvUdk qkv d Udk &S7d if rae&vkdU ao&aomtcg? ukd,fhaemufukdrsm; bmrsm;ygrSm? ypönf;pkpk wpfckryg? ukd,fjyKjim; uHrQ olwkdUyg - wJ/h qk;H rxm;wmvJ b,favmufrsm; xdrv d u dk o f vJaemf/ bmawGyg ovJ/ (uHawGyg bk&m;)/ ukov dk u f &H ,f? tukov dk u f &H ,f/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if uHav;yg&if vlUjynfa&mufr,f/ ewfjynfa&mufr,f/ ½k;d ½k;d ukov kd af emf/ [ku d psmefuo k v dk q f v dk Udk &S&d if jA[®mjynf a&mufr,f/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ wu,fvUdk ukov dk af wG rygbJeUJ wpfaeUvmvnf;yJ om;a&; orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlraI &;? pm;a&; aea&;? 0wfa&;eJU avmb awG? a'goawG? arm[awGeUJ qkad wmh a,m*DwUdk 89

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bk&m;)/ tck - 'Dy&dowfBuD;xJrmS udfk av;rsdK;awGUae&w,f/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if tJ'aD v;rsdK;onf wpfwef;wpfpm;wnf; [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;bk&m;)/ orkwo d pömeJU Munfah wmh wpfwef;wpfpm; [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwf ygbl; bk&m;)/ &[ef;u &[ef;yJ/ 'umu 'umyJ/ 'umru 'umryJ/ oDv&Siu f oDv&Sif t"dygÜ ,faygh/ 'Dvjdk zifh tJ'v D dk wpfO;D eJUwpfO;D uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aewmonf a,mufsm;&,f? rde;f r&,f ponfjzifh ayghav/ tkypf ck v JG u dk &f if ESpt f yk pf yk &J w dS ,f/ b,fEpS t f yk pf k (ESpt f yk pf yk g bk&m;)/ usm;çtkypf ek UJ (rçtkypf yk gbk&m;)/ uJ - 'Dvjdk zifh usm;çtkypf k a,mufsm;jzpf? rçtkypf k rde;f rjzpf/ jrefrmEkid if u H dk oef;acgifpm&if;eJUMunhrf ,fq&dk if usm;eJUr b,f [mrsm;/ (rçu rsm;ygw,f bk&m;)/ usm;eJU rçeJU qk&d ifav/ 'DrmS oef;acgifpm&if; Xmeu vlawGygygvdrrhf ,f xifyg&JU -aemf/ bmajymajym wpfurÇmvk;H vlO;D a&aumuf&if a,musfm;OD;a&u enf;aew,f/ bmjzpf aewmvJ/ (enf;aew,f)/ a,mufsm;OD;a&enf;aew,f - aemf/ tJ'aD wmh trsdK;orD; OD;a&u rrsm;bl;vm;/ rsm;ygw,f/ bke;f BuD;wkUd tck 'DrmS &Sad ewJh a,m*D? 'D&yd o f mrSm qkv d Udk &S&d if a,mufsm;OD;a&enf;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh wpfjynfv;Hk twkid ;f twmeJU Munh&f if bke;f BuD;wkUd atmifqef;&dyo f mu pHcsdecf sdK;w,f/ a,mufsm;rsm;vkUd / bmjzpfvUkd vJ/ (a,musfm;rsm;vkUd yg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh tck ukov dk af umif;rIawG vkyw f t hJ cgusawmhvnf; rde;f rawGu rsm;wmaygh/ 'gaMumifv h nf;yJ ewfjynfrmS b,foal wG rsm;wm vJ/ (ewforD;awG rsm;ygw,f)/ ewforD;awG rsm;aewm aemf/ ewfom; wpfyg;rSm ewforD; ig;&m wpfaxmifw/hJ trav; - tJ'aD wmh ewfom;OD;a& tawmfenf;w,fAs/ tck jrefrmEkid if H oef;acgifpm&if;eJU bke;f BuD;u wpfcg wpfcg pdwu f ;l ,OfMunhyf gw,f/ jrefrmEkid if &H w dS hJ oef;acgifpm&if;eJU ,SOv f u dk &f if trsdKd ;om;OD;a&eJU trsdK;orD;OD;a&? 'umOD;a&eJU 'umrOD;a& ,SOv f u dk &f if 'Davmufawmh ruGmvSb;l As/ xm; av;ykw H pfyaHk vmufumG w,fxm;/ ewfjynfusawmh ewfom;wpfa,mufudk ewforD; b,fEpS f a,muf/ (ig;&myg bk & m;)/ tenf ; av; wpf a xmif / 'umawG pm&if ; aysmuf o G m ;NyD / pOf ; pm;Munh f w ,f / 'D ' umawG b,fa&mufoGm;ygvdrfhrvJ/ bmvkdUqkdawmh vlUjynfrSm &SdwJhpm&if;eJU ewfjynf&SdwJhpm&if;eJU ,SOfMunhf&if 'umawGtrsm;BuD; pm&if;aysmufaew,f/ uJ-tJ'aD wmh 'umrBuD;awG pOf;pm;Munh?f 'D'umawG b,fomG ; aevJ/ pOf;pm;p&maemf/ tr,f edAmÁ efa&mufaew,f/ enf;enf;rS tavQmh ray;bl;/ edAmÁ efwufomG ;w,f/ [kww f ,f/ 'gaMumifh oef;acgifpm&if; aysmufomG ;wm/ edAmÁ efwufomG ;w,f/edAmÁ ef wufomG ;awmh oef;acgifpm&if; aysmufomG ;Ny/D vlUoef;acgif pm&if;vnf; ryg? ewfoef;acgifpm&if;vnf;ryg? i&Jusawmh rygbl;aemf/ t"dygÜ ,f - t"dygÜ ,f [kwv f m;/ at; - tJ'aD wmh a,musfm;jzpfjzpf rde;f r jzpfjzpf 'Dvjdk zpfay:vmwm b,foMd um;? jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmurS zefwD;wmr[kwfbl;/ ukd,fjyKwJh taMumif;w&m;aMumihf jzpfay:aom tusdK;w&m;vkdU 'um? 'umrawG 'Dvedk m;rvnf&bl;vm;/ (em;vnf&ygr,fb&k m;)/ tJ'aD vmuf em;vnf oabmaygufomG ;NyDq&dk if taMumif;tusdK;? wjcm; taMumif;tusdK;vm;? uHtaMumif; tusdK;vm;/ (uHtaMumif; tusdK;yg bk&m;)/ uHtaMumif; tusdK;ukd odwmu wjcm;vm;? ÓmPfvm;/ (ÓmPfyf g bk&m;)/ tJ'D ÓmPfu f dk bmÓmPfaf c:/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|d ÓmPfyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPfudk oabmayguf em;vnf usifo h ;Hk &if ed,wrdpmä 'd|u d vGwo f mG ;w,f/ ed,wrdpmä 'd|d vGwaf omfvnf;yJ edAmÁ efqw dk hJ w&m;onf 'um? 'umrawG ta0;BuD;usef ao;w,f/ (rSev f yS g)/ wpfqifch sif; wuf&OD;r,f/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'aD wmh ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPfrf mS odoifh odxu dk f odtyf wJw h &m;onf ,aeUwpfcsd efwnf;eJUawmh rNyD;bl;/ aemufaeUusrS bke;f BuD; 'gqufNyD;awmh aus;Zl;jyKr,faemf/ uJ - 'Dnaeawmh 'DavmufeUJ ed*;Hk csKyfNyD; w&m;yGeJ m;vku d Mf u&atmif/ (om"k - om"k - om"k) 93

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 7-&uf (30.8.2002) eHeuf earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor orÁÁK' K'¨ K '¨ó tm;vH;k aom a,m*Dtaygif;olawmfaumif;wdYk -þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&u G v f mcJMh uwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fE&S uf&NdS yDy/J (5-&ufajrmufygbk&m;)/ ,aeY w&m;pcef;yGJ 5-&uf jzpfomG ;NyD/ 10 &ufw&m;pcef;yGJ 5-&ufqakd wmh wpf0ufusdK;oGm;NyD-[kwv f m;/ aeYpOfaeYwikd ;f yJ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifwef;yJ tajccHNyD;awmh aus;Zl;jyK& wmayghaemf/ (rSeyf ghb&k m;)/

t"d u &ef o l 'Dawmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd oifvYkd y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd xku d o f nftm;avsmfpmG em;vnfomG ;&if a,m*DwYdk 'd|u d kd todÓmPfeUJ jzKwfygw,f/ tJ'aD wmh tm;vk;H aom owå0gwdik ;f owå0gwdik ;f oloil gig wu,fawmh t"du &efoBl uD;[m 'd|yd gyJa,m*Dw/Ykd b,foyl gvdr/hf ('d|yd gbk&m;)/ odyaf Mumufp&m aumif;wJh 'd|yd aJ emf/ tJ'D 'd|u d kd todeYJ jzKwf tyGm;eJUjzKwf ty,fejYJ zKwfzYkd twGuu f tajccHem;vnf&r,fh w&m;uy#dpo ö rkygÜ 'faemf/ bmw&m;ygvdr/hf (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh tJ'D y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;udk bke;f BuD;wdYk tajccHxm;NyD; oif&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd em;rvnf&if q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u vljzpfusdK;reyfygbl;wJ/h tJ'gaMumifh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fqw kd m tifrwefus,f0ef;wJw h &m; jzpfyg w,f/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd tukev f ;kH NcHKNyD;awmh bke;f BuD;wdYk odEikd pf rG ;f r&SMd uygbl;-aemf/ wpfyikd ;f wpfyikd ;f wpfyikd ;f ol[ Y mav;eJo Y l uGi;f quf uGi;f qufuav; 'Dvo kd &d wJw h &m;jzpfwt hJ wGuaf Mumifh tck 10-&ufpcef;yGJ twdik ;f twm qdw k m y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fu vdyyf wfrvnfygbl;? a,m*DwYkd [kwv f m;/ 'gavmuf eufeu J s,f0ef;vSwhJ w&m;BuD;u 'D 10-&ufavmufeUJ vdyyf wfvnf Edik yf ghrvm;/ (rvnfygbl;bk&m;)/ atmf-vdyyf wfrvnf Edik af omfvnf;yJ a,m*DwYkd tm;i,fp&mawmh r&Sb d ;l aemf/ bmvdv Yk q J akd wmh q&maumif;eJY awGUwJt h csdecf grSm t½kPw f uf w,fvYkd rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,fb&k m;)/ q&maumif;eJUawGU&if (t½kPw f ufygw,fb&k m;)/ t½kPw f ufw,fqw kd m aexGuaf wmhr,fvYkd ajymwmayghAsm/ tJ'aD wmh ,aeYbek ;f BuD;wdYk tm;vH;k aom a,m*Drsm; aus;Zl;&Sif rd;k ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;&JU toHawmfawG w&m;awmfawGukd emMum;? olU&JUñTeMf um;csuaf wGukd tckvu kd ef musio fh ;kH ae&wmudu k yJ 'g-t½kPw f ufaeNyaD yghaemf/ at;-t½kPw f ufae&if enf;enf;av; 0D&, d av; wifNyD;awmh BudK;pm;vdu k &f if a,m*DwYkd 'Db0 aoaocsmcsm uRwfwrf; r0ifbl;qdk&if 'Dvdkb0rsdK; aemufjyef&zdkY vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl;bk&m;)/ 'g-odyfta&;BuD;vkdY owday;wmygaemf/ at;-tJ'gaMumifh y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemonf udk,fhtwGuf ta&;BuD;qHk;yJvdkY qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD;awmh bkef;BuD;wdkY reufydkif; puf0dkif;a'oemav; wpfacguf vSnfhNyD;awmh ylaZmfNyD;awmh oifwef;oGm;Mu&atmifaemf/ uJ-rlvESpjf zm qkv d u kd yf gOD;/ *rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;udk,frsm;ESifh oHk;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?

0#foHk;0ESifh? umvoHk;jzm? jcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf/ oHo&mrS vG w f a Mumif ; wnf ; / uJ-puf0ikd ;f vnf;yJ rdrw d Ydk axmufwwfomG ;aygh-aemf/ wu,fawmh 'Dpuf0idk ;f BuD;qdw k m ud, fk jfh zpfpOfawGyg a,m*Dw/Ykd ud, k jhf zpfpOfawGukd 'DxrJ mS jrifv, G f xifv, G f odv, G af tmif qdNk yD;awmh puf0ikd ;f rSm pmeJaY &;csjy xm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/ (rSev f yS g)/ 'gaMumifh 'Dpuf0ikd ;f udk axmufwikd ;f axmufwikd ;f - aMomf- igwd\ Yk cE¨mBuD; 'Dvykd gvm;vdYk a,m*DwYkd cE¨mxJukd ÓmPfv f n S &hf rSm-aemf/ 'Dawmh em;uw&m;em ÓmPfucE¨mvSnq hf w kd mvdk 'DrmS puf0idk ;f axmufwikd ;f axmufwidk ;f rSm ÓmPfu f wjcm;a&muf&rSmvm;? cE¨mxJa&muf&rSmvm;/ (cE¨mxJa&muf&rSmygbk&m;)/ 94

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"r®uE© m¨ aygif; &Spaf omif; av;axmifukd tqDxw k v f u kd af wmh q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u b,fEpS rf sdK;rdev Yf /J (7-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ 7-rsdK;u bmawGygvdr/hf (cE¨m? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f? t½Ic?H t½IOmPfygbk&m;)/ 'D 7-rsdK;uawmh rodvrYkd &bl;ayghaemf/ (rSev f yS gh)/ 'D 7-rsdK;rSm raeUuvnf; pcJhwJh cE¨mtaMumif;ajym&r,faemf/ bmygvdrhf/ (cE¨mygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh cE¨mqdw k m[m wjcm;vm;? taygif; tpkvm;/ (taygif;tpkygbk&m;)/ [kwNf yD/ tJ'D cE¨mudk cE¨mrSe;f rod&if 'd|d jzpfw,f/ 'd|w d iG f ouúm,'d|q d w kd m a,m*DwYkd tajccHr[kwb f ;l vm;/ ouúm,&,f 'd|&d ,fw/hJ ESpyf 'k /f oaEÅm uma,m? ouúma,m/ ouúma, y0wåm 'd|d ouúm,'d|d/ oaEÅm-xif&Sm;&Sdaom? uma,m- cE¨m 5yg;taygif;wnf;? ouúa,m - xif&mS ;&Sad om cE¨mig;yg;taygif;? ouúma,-y&rw¬tm;jzifh xif&mS ;&Sad om cE¨m 5-yg;taygif;ü? y0wåm'd|d -jzpfaom'd|d qdak wmh? ouúm,qdw k m xif&mS ;&Sad omw&m;/ 'd|u d t,lrmS ;/ 'd|u d (t,lrmS ;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if xif&mS ;&Sad omw&m;udk xifxif&mS ;&Sm; &Sw d t hJ wdik ;f rjrifbeJ UJ trSm;jrifwmudk b,fvakd c:ygvdr/fh ('d|yd gbk&m;)/ 'd|/d trSm;jrifwmudk ('d|)d / trSejf rif&if or®m'd|/d trSeu f rkd jrifwt hJ wGuf olonf trSm;jrifwmudk olonfwjcm;vm;? 'd|v d m;/ ('d|yd gbk&m;)/ wu,f awmh olurdpmä 'd|v d aYkd jym&rSm/ 'd|q d &kd if jynfph akH eNyDaemf/ rdpmä xnfph &m rvdak wmhb;l / olucE¨mudo k m trSerf jrifwt hJ jypfqakd wmh enf;enf; awmfao;wmaygh/ [dv k kd 'kp½du k f tjypfBuD;r[kwb f ;l aemf/ b,fvt kd ,lrmS ; wmvnf;qdak wmh xif&mS ;&Sad om w&m;udk xif&mS ;&Sw d t hJ wdik ;f rjrifbeJ UJ oligwpfyg; a,mufsm; rde;f r ihgorD; ighom; ig;OpömvkUd trSm;jrifwm/ trSm;jrifwmaemf/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if bke;f BuD;wdYk aMumufp&mtaumif;qH;k tajccH'|d u d b,fov l /J ouúm,'d|/d olUxuf ydNk y;D aMumufp&maumif;wmu ed,wrdpmä 'd|/d raeUnaeuwnf;u bke;f BuD;wdpYk um;pNyD;cJNh yDaemf/ (rSeyf g)/ ed,wrdpmä 'd|u d awmh 'um? 'umrawG txuf rwufb;l / oGm;awmh/ atmufqif;½Ho k ufoufy/J ouúm,'d|u d awmh txufvnf;wufEikd af o;w,f/ vlUjynfvnf; a&mufEikd af o;w,f/ ewfjynfvnf; a&mufEikd af o;w,f/ jA[®mjynfvnf; a&mufEikd af o;w,f/ edAÁmefom olu ra&mufwmud;k / ed,wrdpmä 'd|u d awmh ewfjynf vnf;ra&muf? vlUjynfvnf; ra&muf? jA[®mjynfvnf; ra&muf/ b,fomG ;rSmvJ/ (tyg,fygbk&m;)/ tyg,fawmifryS J ½d;k ½d;k wef;wef; tyg,fvm;? oHo&mopfiw k v f m;/ (oHo&mopfiw k yf gbk&m;)/ tJ'gu ed,wrdpmä 'd|d wpfyikd ;f xm;vdu k /f tck a,m*Dwu Ykd kd aus;Zl;jyK&rSmu ouúm,'d|/d bm'd|/d (ouúm,'d|yd gbk&m;)/

Ak ' ¨ b momppf p pf j zpf v d k a omf bmjzpfvYkd ouúm,'d|&d o dS vJ/ wpfqifw h ufr,f/ trSeu f kd rjrifv/Ykd bmudrk jrifv/Ykd (trSeu f kd rjrifvyYkd gbk&m;)/ odjYk zift h rSew f &m;&Sad ewmonf wjcm;&Sad ewmvm;? cE¨mawG &Sad ewmvm;/ (cE¨mawG &Sad ewmygbk&m;)/ cE¨mu 5-yg;&Sw d ,faemf/ cE¨mb,fEpS yf g;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ uJ qdv k u kd f prf;yg/ (1) ½lyu©E¨m (2) a0'emu©E¨m (3) onmu©E¨m (4) ocFg&u©E¨m (5) 0dnmPu©E¨m ygbk&m;/ tJawmh tJ'D cE¨m 5-yg;onf ud, k rhf mS r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dawmh cE¨mtaMumif;ajymr,fqakd wmh bkef;BuD;wdkY0#feJUajymwJhtcgrSm 0#foHk;yg;&Sdw,faemf/ 0#foHk;rsdK;u bm0#f bm0#fvJ/ (udavo0#f? ur®0#f?

0dygu0#fygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh udavo0#feUJ ur®0#fu b,ftuGux f rJ mS vJ/ (eHygwfwpf tuGux f rJ mS ygbk&m;)/ eHygwfwpf tuGuo f nf b,fumvu (vGeaf vNyD;aom twdwu f mvygbk&m;)/ vGeaf vNyD;aom twdwu f mvrSm 95

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

udavo0#fESifh ur®0#fawG &Sdaew,f/ odkYjzifh tJ'Dudavo0#fESifh ur®0#fu tom;vGwfjzpfaewmvm;? ud, k v f yk cf w hJ mvm;/ (ud, k v f yk cf w hJ mygbk&m;)/ a[m'D w&m;a[mwJb h ek ;f BuD; w&m;emwJh 'um? 'umrawG vkycf w hJ m bm0#feUJ bm0#feUJ vkycf w hJ mvJ/ (udavo0#feUJ ur®0#fygbk&m;)/ udavo 0#f b,fEpS yf g;vky/f (3-yg;yg bk&m;)/ ur®0#fb,fEpS yf g;vky/f (2-yg;yg bk&m;)/ aygif;vdu k af wmh twdwu f mvu 0#f 5-yg;vkycf w hJ ,f/ 0#fb,fEpS f yg;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ udavo0#fo;kH yg;ESihf ur®0#fEpS yf g; aygif; b,fEpS yf g;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 5-yg; vkycf w hJ mudk t0dZÆmeJUwPSm&if;cH Oyg'gef uHaMumifh ½kyef mrfay:vdYk &Si;f wJt h cgu 'DeyH gwfwpf wpfuu G v f ;kH udk bke;f BuD;wdYk aumufNyD;cJNh yD/ eHygwfwpf tuGux f u J kd axmufvu kd w f t hJ cg tJ'rD mS t0dZÆm onf bm0#f/ (udavo0#fygbk&m;)/ ocFg&u bm0#f (ur®0#fygbk&m;)/ wPSmu bm0#f/ (ur®0#fygbk&m;)/ tJ'gu bkef;BuD;u 'Dvdkaxmufay;vdkY a,m*DwdkYajym&wm/ tJ'gu axmufp&m rvdk udk,fh[mudk,f wef;NyD;awmh 'Dvrkd w S x f m;&r,fayghaemf/ 'DrmS ajymvdu k af wmh udavo0#f 3-yg;u t0dZmÆ ? wPSm? Oyg'gef t0dZmÆ &,f wPSm&,f Oyg'gef&,f 'Do;kH rsdK;[m a[m eHygwfwpf tuGuf xJrmS r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ 'DrmS bm&Sv d /J (t0dZÆm)/ 'Dbufus (wPSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dbufusawmh (Oyg'gefygbk&m;)/ cke apmapmu bke;f BuD;wdYk axmufwm t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef/ tckvnf;yJ 'DrmS t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef/ 'Dvjkd zifh eHygwfwpf tuGux f rJ mS bke;f BuD;wdYk bm0#fawG&v dS /J (udavo0#feUJ ur®0#fygbk&m;)/ udavo0#fu olUcsnf;yJ jzpfwmvm;? ur®0#feUJ wGaJ ewmvm;/ (ur®0#feUJ wGaJ ewmygbk&m;)/ eHygwfwpf tuGux f rJ mS ur®0#fEpS yf g;u b,foel UJ b,fov l /J (ocFg&eJU ur®b0yg bk&m;)/ ocFg&eJUb0/ tJ'0D #fEpS yf g;udk b,fumvu vkycf /hJ (vGeaf vNyD;aom twdwu f mvygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if tJ'gonf tvTmeJUajymawmh bmtvTm/ (twdwf taMumif; wpfvmT ygbk&m;)/ bmopömawGvyk cf hJ (ork',opömygbk&m;)/ b,fov l yk w f mvJ/ (ud, k v f yk w f mygbk&m;)/ aMomf? tm;vH;k aom oloil gig bke;f BuD;wd'Yk um? 'umrawG tukefvkyfcJhw,f/ udk,fjyKcJhwmonf taMumif; udkvkyf&if tusdK;&ygvdrhfr,f/ taMumif;&Sd&if tusdK;&Syd gvdrrfh ,f/ 'g jrwfpmG bk&m;wdu k ½f u kd af [mxm;wJh a'oemawGaemf/ taMumif;&S&d if (tusdK;&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ ckeu0#feUJ ajymwJt h cgusawmh 0#fEpS rf sdK; taMumif; vkycf w hJ ,f/ w&m;ud, k ef UJ wGuv f u kd af wmh 5-rsdK;vkycf w hJ ,f/ 5-rsdK;u bmawGv/J (t0dZÆm? ocFg&? wPSm? Oyg'gef? b0ygbk&m;)/ tJ ' gu pma&;xm;wJ h t wd k i f ; tpOf t wd k i f ; ajymoG m ;wmaygh / tJ ' D w &m; 5-rsd K ;? 0#f 2rsdK;udkvkyfcJhonfhtwGufaMumifh tJ'D0#fESpfrsdK;onf taMumif;/ vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvu tJ'D taMumif;w&m;awG vkycf w hJ t hJ wGuf ypöKyÜerf mS wjcm;&wmvm;/ cE¨mig;yg; &wmvm;/ (cE¨mig;yg; &ygw,fb&k m;)/ tck cE¨mtaMumif; oifaeNyDaemf/ tck bke;f BuD;wdyYk pöKyÜerf mS bm&ygvdr/fh (cE¨mig;yg;ygbk&m;)/ ypöKyÜecf E¨m ig;yg;udk qdMk unfyh g/ (0dnmPf? emrf½yk ?f oVm,we? zó? a0'emygbk&m;)/ cE¨mig;yg;/ [kwNf yD--'Dawmh/ ckeuqdo k mG ;wmu a,m*DwYkd pm&Gux f rJ mS &Sw d mu ½lyu©E¨m? a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m? ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨m/ b,fEpS yf g; (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tac:ta0:ESprf sdK;ajymif;aew,faemf/ 'DrmS u ½lyu©E¨m? a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m? ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨m wpfrsdK;/ 'DrmS uawmh 0dnmPf? emrf½yk ?f oVm,we? zó? a0'emu wpfrsKd ; qdak wmh 'DOpömav;udw k rJG jy&if a,m*Db,fawmhrS em;vnfrmS vnf; r[kwb f ;l / bmvdUk qdak wmh rawGUzl;bl;ud;k / tJ'gaMumifrh Ykd q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u olUcE¨meJUcE¨mudk wGw J NJG yD;awmh oif&r,fw-hJ -aemf/ wGv J u kd w f hJ tcgusawmh 0dnmOfu 0dnmPu©Em¨ 1-yg;/ ½kyef mrfu apwoducf E¨m 3-yg;? ½kycf E¨m 1-yg;? aygif; 5-yg;? zóeJUa0'emuvnf; apwoduf cE¨mqkw d hJ a0'eu©Em¨ ? ocFg&u©Em¨ jzpfaewJt h wGuf twlaygif;vku d af wmh txufu 5-yg;? odomG ;Ny/D olUenf;eJUol a[mwJt h cgusawmh emrnf enf;enf;av; tac: ta0:av;ajymif;wmyJ/ ½lyu©E¨m? a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m? ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨m qdw k mu tbd"r®menf;eJU a[mw,fvrYkd w S yf g/ b,fenf;vJ/ (tbd"r®menf;ygbk&m;)/ 0dnmPf? emrf½yk ?f oVm,we? zó? a0'emqdw k m okwåeef nf;eJUa[mwm/ bmenf;eJU a[mwmvJ/ (okwåeef nf;ygbk&m;)/ 96

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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'Dawmh tckvnf;yJ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f a'oemrSm w&m;awGb,favmufyJ ajymaeae? 'um? 'umrawG tm;vH;k 0ifwmu wjcm;rSm0ifwmvm;/ opömrSm oGm;0ifaewmvm;/ (opömrSm0ifwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zifh taMumif; w&m;wpf c k v H k ; ud k Munf h w J h t cgusawmh bk e f ; BuD ; wd k Y 'um? 'umrawG bmopö m rS m oG m ;0if w mvJ / (ork',opömrSmygbk&m;)/ ork',opöm taMumif;jyKwJh tcgusawmh ,ckwjcm;&wmvm;? 'ku&© wmvm;/ ('ku© &wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh opömusawmh tukev f ;kH oGm; 0ifaew,f/ uJ 'Dvjkd zif&h if bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG cE¨m 5-yg;&wmonf wjcm;vm;/ tusdK;cE¨mvm;/ (tusdK;cE¨mygbk&m;)/ tJ't D usdK;cE¨mu rd;k ay:u uswmvm;/ taMumif ; w&m;aMumif h v m;/ (taMumif ; w&m;aMumif h y gbk & m;)/ od y f t a&;BuD ; vmNyD a emf / jA[® m od M um; uzefqif;xm;wmvm;/ taMumif; w&m;vm;? (taMumif;w&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D t0dZmÆ ocFg& wPSm Oyg'gef b0qkw d hJ taMumif;w&m; 5-yg;xJrmS yk*Kd¾ vfowå0g b,frmS &Smvd&Yk rvJ/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ &SmvdrYk & bl;qdw k m tod0ifvu kd w f m[m bk&m;yGio hf mG ;wmygyJ/ wpfoufv;kH wpf oHo&mvH;k u yk*¾dKvfowå0gvdkY ,lvmwJh t,l[m urÇmOD; tpu,lvm cJhwm/ bk&m;wpfql wpfql yGifhawmhrS ,ckvdk y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fvnf; jrwfpmG bk7m;a[mvnf; a[mvdu k af &m? q&mujyefvnf; oifvu kd af &m yk*Kd¾ vf owå0grygygbJvm;vd?Yk wpfcck sif;&Si;f vdu k af wmh 'um? 'umrawG rvif; bl;vm;/ tJ'v D t kd aMumif;xJrmS rS yk*Kd¾ vfowå0gryg&if taMumif;aMumifh jzpfaom tusdK;xJrmS ygyghrvm;/ (rygygbl; bk&m;)/ aumif;NyD 'Dvjdk zif&h if? tJ'D cE¨m 5-yg; &vmwm[m wdwu d susajymygqd&k if taMumif;w&m;aMumifh yJjzpfwmyJ/ tJ'D pum;awmf w&m;awmf[m urÇmrSm b,fb&k m;rS rajym Edik b f ;l a,m*Dw/Ykd or®morÁK'¨ jrwfpmG bk&m;u vGí J urÇmay:&So d rQ b,fb&k m; urS ra[mEdik b f ;l vdYk qH;k jzwfcsufcs/ tJ'v D kd 'Dw&m;udek m&wm[m 'um? 'umrawG Ak'¨bmomtppfjzpfwmyJ/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ 'Dvjdk zifh Ak'¨bmom tppf jzpfcsif&if wjcm;w&m;od&rSmvm;? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fuo kd &d rSmvm;/ (y#dpö orkygÜ 'fukd od&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'gew&m;u ae&mwdik ;f &Sw d ,f/ oD v w&m; orxw&m;bk & m;ryG i f h w J h t csd e f t cgrS m vnf ; yJ & S d w ,f / od k Y a omf 0d y óem usawmh bk&m;ryGiw hf t hJ csderf mS &S&d UJ vm;? (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m; bk&m;ryGiw hf t hJ csderf mS &S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ bk&m; yGiyhf if yGijhf im;aomfvnf; bk&m;&JUtqH;k trawG rude;f wJah e&mrSm 'Dw&m; awG&&dS UJ vm;/ bk&m;&JUomoem? bk&m;&JU tqH;k trawGued ;f rSomvQif 'um? 'umrawG y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;udk emcGihf odciG &hf w,fvYdk qH;k jzwfcsuf csyg/

ud k , f h t ok b ud k , f M unf h odjYk zifh 0dnmPfxrJ mS yk*Kd¾ vfowå0gyg&JUvm;/ (ryg-ygbl;bk&m;)/ emrf½yk x f rJ mS (ryg-ygbl;)/ oVm,wexJrmS / (ryg-ygbl;)/ zóxJrmS (ryg-ygbl;)/ a0'emxJrmS (ryg-ygbl;)/ tJ'gawGonf wjcm; "r®awGvm;? cE¨m"r®awGvm;/ (cE¨m"r®awGygbk&m;)/ yk*Kd¾ vfowå0g wpfcrk rS ygbl;/ 'g tMurf;zsi;f oGm;wmaygh/ uJ--'Dawmh--cE¨mcsi;f wGMJ u&atmif/ ½lyu©E¨m? a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m? ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨m qdak wmh ½lyu©E¨m? vdaYk jymwmeJU 'um? 'umrawG a[m'D½yk u f , kd v l u kd yf g/ ½lyu©Em¨ vdYk ajymwmeJU bmudek m;vnf&rvJ/ (½kyyf gbk&m;)/ odUk ayr,fh 'Dae&mrSm rukeaf o;bl;/ ½lyu©E¨m/ a[m'D oVm,weqdw k m rsufp?d em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? ud, k ?f pdw/f b,fEpS rf sdK;/ (6-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ pdww f pfpw d u f kd z,fvu kd /f usefwhJ ig;rsdK;udk ½lyu©E¨mvd, Yk yl g/ usefwhJ ig;rsdK;udk (½lyu©E¨mygbk&m;)/ pdwu f sawmh 0dnmPu©E¨mvdYk ,lvu kd /f pdwu f sawmh (0dnmPu©E¨mygbk&m;)/ emrfcE¨mvdYk ,lvu kd af ygh [kwv f m;/ tJ'aD wmh ½lyu©E¨mvkYd ajymwdik ;f ajymwdik ;f ajymwdik ;f 'DrmS wGo J mG ;awmh em;vnfomG ;NyD/ ½kyw f &m;eJU oVm,weu 5yg;onf bmcE¨m/ (½lyu©E¨mygbk&m;)/ aemuf a0'emu©E¨m/ a0'emu©E¨m a[m'Da0'emud, k /l a0'emu©E¨mu bmud, k /l (a0'emud, k yl gw,fb&k m;)/ 97

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onmu©E¨m qdak wmh 'DrmS emrfu, kd v l u kd /f emrfqakd wmh apwoduf cE¨mok;H yg;awmh ygNyD;om;ayghaemf/ 'Dae&mrSm bmudk OD;pm;ay;,l&rvJ qdak wmh onmu©E¨mud, k /l onmu©E¨mqd&k if 'um? 'umrawG bmudk em;vnfrvJ/ (emrfyg bk&m;)/ zó ocFg&u©E¨maygh/ zóonf bmcE¨m/ (ocFg&u©E¨mygbk&m;)/ odjYk zifh ocFg&u©E¨mvdUk ajymwdik ;f ajymwdik ;f zóyJvYkd 'Dvekd m;vnfomG ;NyDaygh/ 0dnmPu©E¨muawmh &Si;f w,f/ 'DrmS 0dnmPf 0dnmPu©E¨m usawmh (0dnmPf)/ 0dnmPfqadk wmh cE¨m 5-yg; olUt"dygÜ ,feUJ ol rwGJ bl;vm;/ (wGyJ gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'aD wmh cE¨m 10-yg;&Sw d mvm;? 5-yg;yJ&w dS mvm;/ (5-yg;yJ &Sw d mygbk&m;/) [kwNf yD/ tJ'D cE¨m 5yg;onf 0dygu0#fcE¨m 5-yg;aemf/ 0dygu0#fcE¨m 5-yg;udk bke;f BuD;wdYk &aew,f/ tJ'D 0dygu0#fcE¨m 5-yg; qdw k m[m twdwu f mvu a[m'D ukov dk u f t H aMumif;w&m;aMumifh jzpfvm &onft h wGuu f aH y;wJ½h yk ef mrfaygh/ bmay;wJ½h yk ef mrfv/J (uHay;wJ½h yk ef mrfyg bk&m;)/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh t&yfajymajym&&if tararG;wJh ½kyef mrfaygh/ bm½kyef mrfv/J (tararG;wJh ½kyef mrfygbk&m;)/ tck bke;f BuD;wdYk w&m;a[m aeEdik w f m? tararG;ay;vdu k w f hJ ½kyef mrfaygh/ w&m;emaeEdik w f m[m (tararG; ay;vdu k w f hJ ½kyef mrfygbk&m;)/ tJ'gudk uH? pdw?f Owk? t[m&? tJ'aD v;yg; taxmuftyHHhay;aevkdU w&m;a[m? w&m;emEkdifwm/ tJ'DcE¨monf bmcE¨mvJ? (0dygu0#fcE¨myg bk&m;)/ 0dygu0#fcE¨m[m tokbcE¨myg/ romay:r,fhcE¨myg/ ajrjr§Kyf rD;oN*dK[fvkdU&wJh cE¨myg/ a[m'D bkef;BuD;wkdU &ifbwfuydk w k jf ywJch E¨m[m 0dygu0#fcE¨myJ/ wpfvrH QavmufyJ &Syd gw,f/ 0dyóem½Iwt hJ cgrSm 'DcE¨mukd r½I&bl;/ 0dyóem½Iwt hJ cg tck bke;f BuD;wdYk rsufpjd rifwhJ cE¨m½Iv&Ykd yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ r&bl;/ rsufpjd rifwhJ cE¨m½IvrYkd &bl;/ wpfqifw h ufr,faemf/ tJ'aD wmh rsufped UJ jrifwchJ E¨mu tokb½Iv&Ykd w,faemf/ bke;f BuD; raeUn wke;f u tokbtaMumif;enf;enf;pcJw h ,f/ ½IvrYkd &bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ tokbqdw k m orx/ tokbur®|mef;onf bmygvdr/hf (orxygbk&m;)/ 'DcE¨mBuD;onf aojcif;w&m;udk oHa0*,lv&Ykd w,f/ r&PmEkówd ur®|mef;? orx/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ 'DcE¨mBuD;]]aoawmhr,f[? aowmhr,f[}}vkUd ud, k u hf , kd u f kd tzefwvJvyJ mG ;aevdYk r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'v D kd aoawmhr,f[ 'DcE¨mBuD; t&if;wnfNyD;yGm;ae&if 'um? 'umrawG r&PmEkówd ur®|mef;pD;jzef;wJt h wGuf tJ'gorxjzpfygw,f/ qHzsm;uae ajczsm; tcsderf a&G;Munfh ud, k chf E¨mud, k u f ?kd rsufpyd J zGiMhf unfMh unf?h rsufpyd J rSw d Mf unfMh unfh qHzsm;uae ajczsm;Munf&h if 32-aumVmo r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ qHyifawG arG;n§i;f awG? ajconf;awG? vufonf;awG? oGm;awG? ta&xlawG? ta&yg;awG? ½d;k wGi;f jcifq?D usifBuD;usifi,f tp&So d nfwu Ykd kd tukev f ;kH udk olUae&meJUol cE¨mud, k rf mS wpfyckH sif;yHMk unfh 'um? 'umrawG ud, k chf E¨mud, k Bf uD;udak v/ ÓmPfeUJ ÓmPfeUJ / bmeJUyHck ikd ;f wmvJ/ (ÓmPfeUJ ygbk&m;)/ ud, k chf E¨mud, k f 'Dwikd ;f yHv k aYkd wmh b,fyHkvdkY&rSmwkef;/ aorSmaygh/ 'Dwdkif;oGm;qGJyHkvdkY/ bmeJUyHk&r,f/ (ÓmPfeJU)/ ÓmPfeJUyHkwJhtcg usawmh uJudk,fhÓmPfav;eJU qHyifwpfyHk? arG;n§if;wpfyHk? ajconf; vufonf;wpfyHk tukefvHk; 32yg; aum|moawG wpfypkH yD v kH u kd &f if tJ'rD mS jrwfE;kd wG,w f mp&m&S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ wu,fomjrif&if 'um? 'umrawG xrif;awmif pm;vd&Yk rSm r[kwb f ;l / xrif;awmif pm;vdYk &rSmr[kwb f ;l aemf/ tJ'gawmifryS J 'Dtokbw&m;udk rjrifwt hJ cgusawmh pma&;q&m awGu trsdK;rsdK; uGeUf vdu k af o;w,fAs/ pma&;q&mawGukd tjypfwifwm r[kwyf gbl;/ rsufv;kH u b,fE, S /hf rsufc;Hk ub,fEh , S ?hf qHyifrsm;zGUJ vdu k f wmav/ ydwkef;a&mifauom jzefYvdkuf&ifav bmawGnmawGaemf/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fhqHyifudk,f xrif;eJUe,fpm;vdkY pm;rJv h al um&Syd ghrvm;/ (r&Syd gbl;)/ bke;f BuD;wdYk &Sijf yKwJt h cg 'gawGajymjy &w,f/ acgif;ay:rSmaewke;f uawmh tjrwfwEd;k xm;vdu k w f m/ atmufusoGm; wJt h cg xrif;yGx J u J sawmh xrif;yef;uefawmif vTiyhf pfcsifw,f/ a[m - odjYk zifh acgif;aygufwq hJ yH ifeUJ usvmwJh qHyifbmxl;vJ/ twlwyl gyJ/ tJ'aD wmh acgif;wke;f uawmh ud, k t hf okbudk ud, k rf jrifb;l / usvmawmhrS jrifwt hJ cgusawmh trav; 98

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a,m*D w d k U wuf & rnf h v rf ; tJ'D a'oempOf bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG ESv;kH tdrrf mS 0ifomG ;&if awmfNyD/ 'DcE¨mBuD; rvdck sifawmhb;l qdNk yD;awmh acsmifx;kd csifawmif xd;k xm; awmhrmS / wu,fawmh xd;k xm;vd&Yk &JUvm;/ r&bl;/ r&bl;/ acG;aoaumif ykyzf ufNyD; [db k ufurf;ul;wJv h v l ykd /J eHeaH pmfapmfeUJ ul;&awmhrmS yJ/ tJ'aD wmh 'DcE¨m&JU tokbudjk rif&if wG,w f mOD;rvm;/ (rwG,w f mygbl;)/ oHa0* ÓmPfymG ;NyDaemf/ ,ck bke;f BuD;ajymaewJh 0dygu0#fcE¨monf tokb½IvYkd r&bl;vm;/ ½Iprf;yg a,m*Dw/Ykd vG,v f , G u f u l l ½IEikd w f w hJ &m;awGaemf/ odaYk omf tokb ½Iwmonf wjcm;vm;/ orxvm;/ (orxygbk&m;)/ edAÁmefawmh ra&muf bl ; / taxmuf t yH h avS c g;xpf a wmh wuf O D ; r,f / orx&&if orm"d r wnf bl ; vm;/ tJ ' D orm"deUJ wpfqifw h ufNyD;awmhum cPduZmwd? cPdu r&Pqdw k hJ ½kyef mrf "r®awGukd jrifvu kd &f if 'dik ;f 'dik ;f 'dik ;f eJU edAÁmefqw kd m 'um? 'umrawG qkawmif;p&mrvdb k ;l / tvdv k u kd kd rjrifEikd b f ;l vm;/ (jrifEikd yf gw,fb&k m;)/ bke;f BuD;ajymwJph um;udk vufrcHeUJ / vufawGU vkyMf unhpf rf;yg/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ orx (0g) orm"dawmh&r,f/ tJ'aD wmh qdv k ckd sifwmu 0dygu0#fcE¨mudk 0dyóem½Iv&Ykd yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ r&bl;/ 'DawmhrS tJ'0D yd gu0#fcE¨may:rSm "r®oabmav;awGukd a,m*DwYkd xd;k xGi;f NyD; jrif&r,f/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ uJ--'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ cE¨m 5-yg;taMumif; ajymNyDqakd wmh ckejyefajymyg/ ½lyu©E¨m? a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m? ocFg& u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨m)/ 'Dawmh ½lyu©E¨mu ½kyf 28-yg;/ [dak eUuvnf; pcJNh yD;NyD/ tck jyefajymr,f/ ½lyu©E¨m ½kyb f ,fEpS yf g;/ (28-yg; ygbk&m;)/ qdak wmh a0'emu©E¨m odwmuawmh bke;f BuD;wdYk 'Dtbd"r®mrSm y&rw¬w&m; 4-yg; &Sw d ,f/ b,fEpS yf g;/ (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ y&rw¬ 4-yg;u pdw?f apwodu?f ½ky?f edAmÁ ef/ b,fEpS yf g;vJ/ (4-yg;yg bk&m;)/ [kwfNyD/ tJ'Dawmh a[m'D pdwf&,f? apwoduf&,f? ½kyf&,ffu ocFwy&rwfvdkY rSwfvdkuf/ bmy&rwf/ (ocFwy&rwfygbk&m;)/ edAÁmefonf tocFwy&rwf/ 'gu pmtaeeJUom rSwfxm;/ wjznf;jznf; &Sif;oGm; vdrrhf ,f/ uJ- 'DavmufyJ rSwx f m;vdu k f aemf/ rSwx f m;awmh ½kyq f w kd ahJ e&mrSm ½kyt f m;vH;k ½lyu©E¨mrSm ½ky2f 8-yg;/ a[m'D a0'emu©E¨musawmh apwoduf wpfyg;wnf;/ onmu©E¨mrSm apwoduw f pfyg;/ ocFg&u©E¨m usawmh apwoduf tyg; 50/ apwoduu f 52-yg; &Sw d ,f/ tbd"r®menf;eJU rSwx f m;OD;aemf/ tJ'D 52-yg;rSm a0'emeJU 'Du onmudMk uOfayghaemf/ a0'emonmudk MuOf&if usefwhJ 50-onf ocFg&u©E¨mvdrYk w S /f 'Dvjkd zif&h if apwoduu f cE¨m3-rsKd ;xGuv f mw,f/ a0'em? onm? ocFg&/ ocFg&cE¨mayghaemf/ tJ'D usew f hJ pdwf 89-yg;/ pdwb f ,favmufv/J (89-yg;)/ tckbek ;f BuD;wdYk awmfawmfrsm;rsm; A[kow k Mum;zl;wmuawmh ]]pdww f pfc, k w k f 90}}aygh/ tJ'aD wmh tcsdKUu oabm raygufawmh pdww f pfc, k w k f 90 qdak wmh pdwu f 1-ck? ½kyu f 90/ 'Dvv dk yk w f m/ r[kwb f ;l / pdww f pfc, k w k f 90 qdw k m 90jynfzh Udk 1-ck avsmhaewm/ 89-yg;ajymwm/ pdwu f 89-yg;/ tus,f 121-yg;/ tJ'gonf cE¨meJU ajymawmh 0dnmPu©E¨m/ uJ 'Dawmh aumif;NyDaemf/ tJ'v D q kd &kd if 'Du ½lyu©E¨mu ½kyf b,favmufv/J (28-yg;)/ a0'emu©E¨mu 1-yg;/ onmu©E¨mu 1-yg;/ ocFg&u©E¨mu apwoduf tyg; - 50/ 0dnmPu©E¨mu pdwf 89-yg; rSwv f u kd /f 'gqdkawmh cE¨m 5-yg;udk A[kokw&oGm;NyD/ 'gu pmvdkoif wmaemf/ tckcE¨mwpfyg;csif;&JUtaMumif;awGudk a,m*Dwu Ykd kd tckvkd aus;Zl;jyK aewmu bmjzKwfapcsifvv Ykd /J (ouúm,'d|d jzKwfapcsifvyYkd gbk&m;)/ ouúm,'d|/d 99

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(ÓmPfudk wuf&rSmygbk&m;)/ uHqdkwm tqifhedrfhw,fav/ tJ'Dawmh tqifhedrfh taeeJUaecsifwmvm;/ tqifjh rifch sifwmvm;/ (tqifjh rifch sifwmygbk&m;)/ vufrvdYk jrifwmuuHjrif/ tJ'v D kd vufrudk Munfv h u kd w f t hJ cgusawmh a[m? udik v f u kd af wmh raysmh bl;vm;/ (aysmhygw,f)/ aysmhwm yx0Dav/ aysmhwmu udkifvdkY&w,f/ aysmhwJhoabm udkifvdkYr&bl;/ enf;enf;av; em;BuD;BuD;em;axmifyg/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'D aysmhwt hJ xJrmS olUcsnf;yJ aysmhwm wnfEikd &f UJ vm;/ r[kwb f ;l / tJ'D aysmhw,fqw kd m wjcm;[m r[kwb f ;l / yx0D/ tJ'rD mS wpfcek UJ wpfck xdNyD;awmh 'um? 'umrawG zG,cf NJ yD;awmh wGaJ ewmu tmayg/ rygbl;vm;/ yx0D&,f? tmayg&,f? ylwm at;wm 'DrmS r&Sb d ;l vm;/ awaZm/ 'Dawmh olUuvmyfpnf; Mum;xJrmS avr&Sb d ;l vm;/ 0ga,m/ tJ'aD wmh ,aeUvufrvdo Yk m ajymjim;aomfvnf;yJ ÓmPfjrifeUJ Munfh vdu k af wmh vufrjrif&rSmvm;/ "mwfav;yg;jrif&rSmvm;/ ("mwfav;yg; jrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'"D mwf 4-yg;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m; ygbk&m;)/ tJ'½D yk w f &m;udk cE¨meJUajym/ (½lyu©E¨m)/ ½lyu©E¨m/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if vufrjrif&rSmvm;? cE¨mjrif&rSmvm;/ (cE¨mjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ odjYk zifh cE¨mudk cE¨mvdUk jrif&if a,m*DwYkd trSejf rifomG ;Ny/D cE¨mudk cE¨mvdjYk rif&if ig--yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;)/ [kwNf y/D ,ckbmcE¨mudjk rif/ (½lyu©E¨mudjk rifwmyg)/ ½lyu©E¨mxJrmS igyg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;)/ igxJrmS ½lyu©E¨myg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;)/ ½lyu©E¨monf ig[kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ igonf ½lyu©E¨m [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ r[kwb f ;l vd&Yk &dS if 'um? 'umrawG trSeu f kd jrifomG ;wm/ trSeu f jkd rifawmh 'd|rd jyKwfb;l vm;/ trSeu f ouúm,/ xif&mS ;wmu ouúm,/ jrifvu kd w f mu or®m'd|d/ trSefjrifoGm;NyD/ tJ'Dawmh ouúm,'d|d rjyKwfbl;vm;/ (jyKwfygw,fbk&m;)/ ouúm, 'd|jd yKwfwmonf vufrjrifvv Ykd m;? "mwfjrifvv Ykd m;/ ("mwfjrifvyYdk g)/ ½kyjf rifvaYkd ygh/ "mwf 4-yg;jrifvaYkd ygh/ tJ'D rdrcd E¨mud, k f wpfu, kd v f ;kH rSm ½kyw f &m;yJ? emrfw&m;yJ? ckeajymwJh cE¨m 5-yg;udk wpfcpk D wpfcpk D tao;pdwjf rifomG ;&if 'um? 'umrawG ouúm,'d|u d aeudk raeEdik f awmhb;l / wjcm;eJUy,fwmvm;? todeUJ y,fwmvm;/ (todeUJ y,fwmyg bk&m;)/ tJ't D odeUJ y,fwhJ ouúm,'d|d raeEdik &f if ud, k rhf mS tjrJwrf; y,fEikd zf t Ykd wGuu f kd tyGm;eJU y,f&OD;r,f/ bmeJUy,f&r,f/ (tyGm;eJUy,f& rSmyg)/ tyGm;eJU y,fvu kd &f if? 'um? 'umrawG [kwv f m;/ vrf;qH;k &GmawGU oGm;wmygyJ/ tJ'v D kd vrf;qH;k &GmawGUNyDqakd wmh wpfcgwnf;? wpf oufv;kH ? wpfoo H &mvH;k uaeNyD;awmh pGv J mwJh ouúm,'d|u d kd ty,fÓmPf eJUom y,fvu kd Nf yDq&kd if tyg,fwcH g; tvdv k ykd w d o f mG ;NyD/ qkawmif;zdYk vdak o;vm;/ (rvdyk gbl;)/ tJ'gaMumifrh Ykd bke;f Bu;D wdYk 'um? 'umrawG xyfwvJvaJ jymwm qkawmif;zdYk tcsed rf [kwaf wmhb;l / tvkyv f yk zf Ykd tcsdeyf J &Syd gawmhw,f/ w&m;u vdyyf wfrvnfao;bl;aemf/ aemufwpfcsderf S qufa[mr,f/ tck reufyikd ;f qGr;f csde&f adS wmh 'DavmufeUJ yJ bke;f BuD; em;yg&ap/ ( om"k - om"k - om"k )

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1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 7-&uf (30.8.2002) nae earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor orÁÁK' K'¨ K '¨ó tm;vH;k aom a,m*Dtaygif;olawmfaumif;wdYk -þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&u G v f mcJMh uwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fE&S uf &SNd yDy/J (5-&ufajrmufygbk&m;)/ 'DaeU 5-&ufajrmuf\ nae oifwef; w&m;yGJBuD;jzpfygw,f aemf/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;ygyJ/ tJ'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;rSm rlvESpfjzm opömESpfck qdkwJh þ&SpfoG,frSm bkef;BuD;wdkY t0dZÆmeJUwPSmudkcsKyfatmif 'Dw&m;awGukd avhvmtm;xkwf &wmygyJaemf/ tJ'aD wmh t0dZmÆ eJUwPSmudck sKyfEikd zf t Ykd wGurf mS a,m*Drsm; t0dZmÆ udk y,fEikd zf Ykd t0dZmÆ udzk ;kH xm;wJt h zH;k awGukd bke;f BuD;wdYk zGiv hf mcJw h mvnf; ,aeUqk&d if [kwv f m;/ 5-&uf &Sv d mygNyDaemf/

pd w f a umif ; &S d u csrf ; om tJ'aD wmh olUoifwef;av; tpOfwikd ;f oGm;&r,fq&kd if t0dZÆmudk zH;k xm;aom tzH;k u b,fEpS zf ;kH ygvdr/hf (5-zHk;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if edAÁmef vdkYqdkwJh oEÅdokcNidrf;csrf;a&;w&m;udk&zdkYu uHeJUoGm;vdkYr&bl;aemf/ psmefeJU oGm;vdYk r&bl;aemf/ ÓmPfeUJ oGm;&r,f/ bmeJUoGm;&r,f/ (ÓmPfeUJ oGm;&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJawmh ÓmPfu&kd zdt Yk wGuu f kd 'DrmS a,m*DwYkd tqifh b,fEpS q f if/h (5-qifyh gbk&m;)/ tJawmh ½kyef UJ emrfukd ajym&if ½kyef UJ emrfuo kd &d if bmÓmPf &rSmvJ/ (emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tcknaeydik ;f rSm tcsed af v;vnf; enf;enf;&awmhh ur®óuwm or®m'd|u d kd jyefNyD;awmhaus;Zl;jyK&w,f/ 'DÓmPf ESpÓf mPfuawmhjzifh txufwufvu kd ?f atmufqif;vdu k af ygh [kwv f m;/ 'Dvekd UJ yJ bke;f BuD;aus;Zl;jyKygw,f/ bmjzpfvaYdk us;Zl;jyK ae&wmvJ qdak wmh ur®óuwmor®m'd|Ód mPfqw kd hJ eHygwfwpf tzH;k rzGio hf rQ umv ywfv;kH 'um? 'umrawG bm'd|jd zpfr,f/ (ed,wrdpmä 'd|jd zpfrmS ygbk&m;)/ ed,wrdpmä 'd|/d avmurSmaMumufp&m taumif;qH;k onf bm'd|/d (ed,wrdpmä 'd|)d / ed,wrdpmä 'd|d qdw k m wjcm;ÓmPfr&vdv Yk m;/ ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPfr&wmvm;? (ur®óuwm or®m'd|Ód mPf r&wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ur®óuwmor®m'd|dÓmPf&-&r,fqdkawmh ur®ó uwmor®m'd|dÓmPfeJU yHkaoenf;u aumif;wmvkyf&if (aumif;wm jzpfrnf)/ raumif;wmvkyf&if (raumif;wmjzpfrnf)/ 'gu--olU&JUoabm &Si;f &Si;f av;yJ/ bke;f BuD;raeUu aqmify'k u f av; aemufq;kH ajymcJyh gw,f aemf/ pdwaf umif;&Su d csrf;om&\/ pdwaf umif;r&Su d qif;&J&\/ tJ'gu eHygwfwpf ur®óuwmor®m'd|dÓmPf&JU tusOf;csKyfyg/ vdk&if;tcsKyfayghaemf/ odkYaomf tcsKd Upum;vH;k awGu vkcd si;f tcsKyfukd ajym½Hek UJ em;vnfwmvnf;&Sw d ,f/ em;rvnfwmvJ&w dS ,f/ vd&k if;tcsKyfuav; enf;enf;avmuf ajymvdu k w f meJU trsm;Bu;D em;vnfvu kd w f hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawGu bk&m;eJUygoGm;wmMumNy/D bk&m;eJUygoGm;MuNy-D -aemf/ yk*Kd¾ vf 4-rsdK;&Sw d hJ taMumif;vnf; ajymNyD;cJNh yDaemf/

aomwmyef j zpf z d k U ta&;BuD ; yk*Kd¾ vf 4-rsdK;&Scd yhJ gw,f/ tJ'D yk*Kd¾ vf 4-rsdK;rSm ,aeUbke;f BuD;wdYk avmavmq,f&adS ewJ[ h m ae,syk*Kd¾ vf? y'y&r yk*Kd¾ vfaygh/ O*¢g#dwnLyk*Kd¾ vf? 0dyOöw d nLyk*Kd¾ vf? ae,syk*Kd¾ vf? y'y&ryk*Kd¾ vfvYkd yk*Kd¾ vf 4-rsdK;&Sw d ,f/ 'gu pmaytwkid ;f ygyJ[w k v f m;/ tJ'D 4-rsdK;rSm O*¢g#dwnLrsdK;u &Sio f m&dyw k å&mwdv Yk akd yghaemf/ tusOf;av;Mum;½Hek UJ tus,fBuD;csJUNyD; odwJh twGuf w&m;&oGm;wmaygh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh tus,fudk csJUNyD;a[mrSm cket&Siaf rm*¾vefwq Ykd &kd if enf;enf;av;csUJ a[m&ao;wmayghaemf/ t"dygÜ ,f/ tJ'v D ckd sUJ a[mrS w&m;&wJyh *k Kd¾ vfawGu 0dyOöw d nL yk*Kd¾ vfawGayghaemf/ ae,syk*Kd¾ vfawGu tus,fBuD;vnf; a[mcsifoavmufa[m? a[morQ w&m;udk emEd k i f o avmuf Bud K ;pm;em? em½H k e J U rNyD ; bl ; / Bud K ;pm; NyD ; awmh tm;xk w f / tJ ' D y k * ¾ d K vf a ocsmayguf 102

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'Db0uRwfwrf;0ifr,fqakd wmh 'g ae,syk*Kd¾ vfuakd c:ygw,f/ tJ'aD wmh ae,syk*Kd¾ vfqw kd mu w&m;udv k nf; xyfwvJv?J xyf wvJvJ em&r,f/ tm;xkww f t hJ cgvnf; 'um? 'umrawG wpfBudrw f nf; 1-pcef;eJU NyD;yghrvm;/ (rNyD;ygbl;)/ Oyrm? 10-&ufpcef;udk 1-pcef;eJU NyD;yghrvm;/ (rNyD;ygbl;)/ 2-pcef;eJUvnf; (rNyD;ygbl;)/ 3-pcef;eJUvnf; (rNyD;ygbl;)/ 'DvdkajymvdkYr&bl;/ b,fvkdNyD;w,frS ajymvdrYk &bl;/ tBudrBf udrf tcgcg txyfxyfvyk &f r,f/ bmvdv Yk q J akd wmh ud, dk t fh usKd ;ay; qdw k mu 'um? 'umrawG 'Dtcsdet f cgrSm vma&mufNyD; vljzpfw,fqu kd wnf;u 'DtusdK;ay;r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dvjkd zifh ae,syk*Kd¾ vfxrJ mS rdrw d jYkd zifh ygEdik w f ,fqw kd m wdwu d sus rajymEdik b f ;l / bmaMumifv h q J akd wmh omoem 2500-'Dbufyikd ;f rSm yk*Kd¾ vf 2-rsdK;yJ&w dS mud;k / ae,syk*Kd¾ vfeUJ y'y&ryk*Kd¾ vf/ ae,syk*Kd¾ vfu 'Db0 uRwfwrf;ud0k ifr,f/ y'y&ryk*Kd¾ vfuawmh yg&rDav;yJ&r,f/ 'kw, d b0 usawmhrS uRwfwrf;0if r,faygh/ 'Dawmh ud, k u hf , kd u f kd y'y&rawG bmawG nmawG pOf;pm;raeeJU 'um? 'umrawG/ tJ'aD wmh aocsmayguf igawmh uRww f rf;0ifrmS yJvYkd qH;k jzwfcsucf s/ bmjzpfvYkd bke;f BuD;u 'DOpömudk 'gavmuf &J&w J if;wif; ajym&wmvJqakd wmh ud, k phf um;eJUud, k f ajymwmrSr[kwyf /J aus;Zl;&Sif rd;k ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD; rdeUf oGm;wmyJ/ opöma[mEdik w f hJ q&meJ U qH k z d k Y uvnf ; 'k v ’ b wpf c k / axmif E d k i f w J h em;&S d z d k Y u vnf ; 'k v ’ b wpf c k w J h / usef ; usef ; rmrm csr;f csr;f omomeJUw&m;pcef;a&mufvmNy;D xdik Ef ikd zf Ykd tm;xkwzf u Ykd vnf; 'kvb ’ wpfc/k odjYk zifh 'Dt*Fg&yfawGeUJ a,m*DwYkd rnDbl; vm;/ at;? tJ'gawG nDNyDqdkvdkY&Sd&if uRwfwrf;0ifEkdifr,fqdkawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG bmrStm;i,fp&m r&Sad wmhb;l / tJ'D tck ajymaewJh t*Fg&yfawG tukev f ;kH rdrw d rYkd mS jynfph NkH yD;om; jzpfaeygw,f/ tJ'v D kd jynfph NkH yD;om;jzpfaewJt h wGuaf Mumifh uRwfwrf;0ifr,fvYkd qH;k jzwfcsu csyg/ tJ'v D kd uRwfwrf;0ifEikd zf t Ykd wGuf vd&k if;tcsufu aomwmyefjzpfzYkd ta&;BuD;w,f/ bmjzpfvYkd ta&;BuD;wmvJ/ (aomwmyefjzpfzyYkd gbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zifh aomwmyefjzpfcsif&if 'Dwikd ;f tvum;aevdjYk zpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;bk&m;)/ y,foifyh ,fxu kd w f hJ udavomawG y,frS aomwmyef jzpfrmS / 'Dvjkd zif&h if udavom 10-yg;wGif aomwmywård *f (0g) aomwmyef awGy,f&rJh udavomu 5-yg;yJ&w dS ,f/ b,fEpS yf g;vJ/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ bke;f BuD;wd, Yk aeU tJ'D 5-yg;udyk ,frmS aemf/ todeUJ y,fr,f/ tyGm;eJUy,fr,f/ ty,feUJ y,fr,f/ trSeu f awmh udavomudk owfwmudk ajymwm/ todeUJ owfr,f/ tyGm;eJUowfr,f/ ty,feUJ owfr,f/ owfenf; b,fEpS ef nf;vJ/ (3-enf;ygbk&m;)/ ud, k o f wf&if aor,faygh/ udavom owfomG ;vd&Yk &dS if udavom eda&ma"medAÁmef/ qdpk rf;yg/ (udavom eda&ma"medAÁmef)/ udavom aowm wjcm;vm;? edAÁmefvm;/ (edAÁmefyg bk&m;)/ aomwmyef rsufarSmufjyKtyfwhJ edAÁmefukd bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG 'D½yk ?f 'Demrf? 'DcE¨meJU edAÁmefukd rsufarSmufjyK&rSmyg/ 'gaMumifh 'Dw&m;u pdwu f ;l ,Ofw&m;vm;? vufawGUw&m;vm;/ (vufawGUw&m;yg bk&m;)/

Ak'¨bmomrSm r&SdwJhtusifh tJ'aD wmh 'D½yk ?f 'Demrf? 'DcE¨meJUaomwmyefwYkd rsufarSmufjyKEdik w f hJ edAÁmefukd rsufarSmufjyKEdik zf t Ykd wGuu f udavom b,fEpS yf g;owf&rSmvJ/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'd|&d ,f? 0dpu d pd mä &,f? oDvAÁwy&mrmo? £óm? rpä&, d 5-yg;aemf/ 'g-bke;f BuD;u pmtwdik ;f &Gwjf yaewmaemf/ tJ'aD wmh t"duu aemuf 3-yg;udt k omxm;vdu k /f oDvAÁwy&mrmo u a,m*DwdkYrSm jzpfcJw,f/ bmvdkYqdkawmh tavhtusihfqkd;ukdyif rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif; ok;H oyfxifrw S af ewmukd oDvAÁwy&mrmovdUk qkw d muk;d / acG;usif?h EGm;usifh usifw h mudk ajymwm/ acG;vdu k sifrh S oHo&muvGwrf ,f xifvYkd acG;vdk usifw h ,f/ EGm;vdu k sifrh S oHo&muvGwrf ,fxifvYkd EGm;vdu k sifw h ,f/ 'gbk&m;pwJh olawmfpifawGudk rqnf;uyf&bJu;kd / tapvuy&dAZdk af wGqkd vH;k 0 wpfu, kd v f ;kH t0wfr0wfb;l / rdk;&Gm&Gm aeylyl 'Dtwdkif;ae&if; acgif;yg;wJhtusifhawG usifhw,f/ 'Dvdkacgif;yg;wJh tusifhusifhrS oHo&mu vGwrf ,fqakd wmh --uJ? 'um? 'umrawG rcufb;l vm;/ tJ'aD wmh vlvrkd pm;bl;/ EGm;vdak v;bufaxmufNyD;awmh 103

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Ak ' ¨ b mom0if t p 0dpu d pd mä qdw k m odyaf Mumufp&maumif;w,f/ oHo,/ (oHo, ygbk&m;)/ [kwrf [ S w k yf ghrvm;/ rSerf S rSeyf ghrvm;/ tJ'D oHo,udk ajzazsmufEikd zf Ykd twGuu f awmh wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;vnf&rSmvm;/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fem;vnf&rSmygbk&m;)/ uHeUJ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd em;vnfNyDq&kd if olUqdik &f mqdik &f m 0dpu d pd mä Nidr;f oGm;wmaygh/ uJ--'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ uHtaMumif; uHtusdK;/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f eHygwfwpf tuGuu f kd Munf&h ift0dZÆmypö,mocFg&/ ocFg&qdak wmh 'DrmS tajccH ajymMuatmifaemf/ a[m'DrmS ocFg&qdak wmh bke;f BuD;wdYk aeUwdik ;f yJ 'DocFg&awG axmufaxmufomG ;wmyJ/ a[m'D ocFg&qdw k mu b,ftuGuf xJu ocFg&vJ/ (eHygwfwpf tuGux f u J ygbk&m;)/ umveJUajymawmh b,fumvvJ/ (vGeaf vNyD;aom twdwu f mvygbk&m;)/ vGeaf vNyD;aom twdwu f mvxJu ocFg&u uHocFg&vdYk rSw&f r,f/ bmocFg&/ (uH ocFg&ygbk&m;)/ ur®0#faemf/ uHocFg&rSm 'um? 'umrawG 3rsKd ;ygw,f/ emrnf 3-rsKd ;&Sw d ,f/ b,fEpS rf sKd ;/ (3-rsKd ;ygbk&m;)/ apwem? uH? ocFg&/ 'g--bke;f BuD;wdYk a,m*DopfawG twGurf v Ykd Ykd tajccHajymaewmaemf/ ocFg& rSm emrnfb,fEpS rf sdK;/ (3-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ eHygwfwpftwGuu f ocFg&udk axmufwikd ;f axmufwikd ;f ocFg&rSm emrnfb,fEpS rf sKd ;/ (3-rsKd ;ygbk&m;)/ apwem? uH? ocFg&/ 'g--rSwx f m;&r,faemf/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if tJ'D ocFg&qdw k hJ pum;Mum;awmh Ak'b ¨ momawGu uHocFg&udak jymwmenf;w,f/ bmaMumifv h J qdak wmh uH ocFg& taeeJU ajymwmu twdwu f mvudk ajymwm/ ypöKyÜeu f mvtaeeJUajymwmu uHvaYkd jymygw,f/ ypöKyÜet f aeeJUajymwmu (uHygbk&m;)/ twdwt f aeeJU ajymwmu (ocFg&ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if tckbek ;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawGu ypöKyÜeb f 0a&mufaeawmh ypöKyÜeu f mvtaeeJUajymawmhu?H uH? uH? uH 'Dvykd aJ jymygw,f/ twdwt f aeeJUajymawmh b,fvykd J ajym&rvJ/ (ocFg&ygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ocFg&vdyYk aJ jymajym? uHvyYkd aJ jymajym? apwemvdyYk J ajymajym? 'gyJajymw,fvYkd bke;f BuD;wdYk em;vnfygaemf/ tJ'aD wmh emrnf b,fEpS ef mrnfv/J (3emrnfygbk&m;)/ apwem? uH? ocFg&/ 'Dawmh Ak'¨bmomawG&UJ avmurSm tif; [dv k l apwemaumif; vdu k w f m/ aMomf? [d'k umrBuD;u apwemawGaumif;vdu k w f m/ rajym bl;vm;/ apwemaumif;w,fqw dk m uHaumif;wm/ apwem raumif;&if uHraumif;bl;/ aMomf--[dkvlu awmfawmfapwem ,kwfwJhvl/ apwem ,kwf&if wjcm;,kwfwmvm;/ uH,w k w f mvm;/ (uH,w k w f mygbk&m;)/ apwemaumif;&if (uHaumif; ygw,fb&k m;)/ Ak'¨bmomawG tajccHrmS uHtydik ;f eJU rdrw d eYdk m;vnfMunf&h if avmurSm uHraumif; csifwo hJ b l ,forl S r&Sb d ;l / &S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ b,fy*k Kd¾ vf? b,fvrl sdK;yJjzpfjzpf? raumif;wmudk jrifvnf; rjrif csifb;l / vdv k nf; rvdck sifb;l / pm;vnf; rpm;csib f ;l / aemufq;kH awmh 'um? 'umr armfawmfum;pD;&ifawmifrf S raumif;wJu h m;pD;csiv f m;/ (rpD;csiyf gbl;bk&m;)/ avmurSm aumif;wm rSeo f rQ vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f tvdk r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'v D kd aumif;wmrSeo f rQtvd&k &dS if 'um? 'umrawGbmawGvyk Mf urvJ/ (aumif;wmvkyyf gr,fb&k m;)/aumif;wmawGyJ vkyrf ,f/aumif;wmawGyJ ajymr,f/ aumif;wmawGyJ MuHr,f/ 3-rsdK;aemf/ um,uH?0pDu?H raemuH/ tJ'gu Ak'¨bmom0iftp ur®óuwm or®m'd|u d vdYk qd&k ygr,f/ tJ'aD wmh bke;f BuD;wdYk tbdPo S w k u f kd enf;enf;jyefNyD;awmhavhvmyg/ uHomvQiftrd? uHomvQiftz? uHomvQif rScD &kd m? ud;k uG,&f m tm;xm;&m qdw k m tbdPo S w k rf mS rvmbl;vm;/ tck a,m*Dwu Ykd kd tzH;k 5zH;k wGif uHtzH;k udk tckziG ahf ewmaemf/ odaYk omfuu H kd a[mae½Hek UJ uHukd em;vnf½ekH UJ uHuo kd abmayguf usio hf ;kH ae½Hek UJ 104

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edAmÁ efukd a&mufrvm;/ (ra&mufygbl; bk&m;)/ ta0;BuD;&Sad o;w,faemf/ odaYk omf 'Dvt kd a0;BuD;u 'um? 'umrawG wjznf;jznf;wufvdkuf&if reD;bl;vm;/ (eD;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'DedAÁmefqdkwJh oEÅdokcNidrf;csrf;jcif;udk &Edik zf t Ykd wGuu f tajccH rwufbeJ UJ &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'v D kd edAÁmefqw dk monf 0dZÆm ÓmPfeUJ a&muf&rSm jzpfavaomaMumifh 0dZÆmÓmPf&zdt Yk wGuu f kd eHygwfwpf b,ftzH;k zGiahf e wmvJ/ uHtzH;k / tJ'gaMumifrh v Ykd Ykd 'Dut H zH;k [m tifrwefryS J cufcw J hJ uHz;kH jzpfw,f/ tckae jAKef;ceJajymaewke;f awmh ayghayghwefwefeUJ ayghaemf/ wu,frrd v d yk &f yfawGeUJ ,SOMf unfv h u kd w f t hJ cg usawmh awmfawmfrsm;rsm; Ak'b ¨ momawG Niad ewmawG trsm;Bu;D &Sw d ,f/ NidaewmawG&w dS ,f/ tJ'aD wmh ]]Ak'¨bmomtp ur®óuwm or®m'd|u d }}wJ/h h Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfa,muf jzpf&if uHeUJ tusdK;ay;udk bmvky&f rvJ/ ,HMk unf&r,f/ 'Dvjkd zpf&ifueH UJ tusdK;ay;rSm raemuH&,f? 0pDu&H ,f? um,uH&,f/ tJ'rD mS raemuHrmS vnf; aumif;wm? raumif;wm 2-rsdK;&Sw d ,f/ 0pDurH mS vnf; aumif;wm? raumif;wm 2-rsdK;&Sw d ,f/ um,uHrmS vnf; aumif;wm? raumif;wm 2-rsK;d &Sw d ,f/ tJ'aD wmh b,foyl jJ zpfjzpf? raumif;wmeJU aumif;wmudk b,f[mtvd&k /dS (aumif;wmudk tvd&k ydS gw,f bk&m;)/ aumif;wmudk tvd&k &dS if pdwu f vnf;yJ bmudMk uHrvJ/ (aumif;wmudk MuHygr,f)/ yg;pyfuvnf; bmudak jymrvJ/ (aumif;wmudak jymygr,f)/ ud, k t f rlt,muvnf; bmudv k yk rf vJ/ (aumif;wmudk vkyyf gr,f)/ tJ'Dvdkom Ak'¨bmom0ifawG&JU usifhpOftwdkif;om tajccHavhusifh&if bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG b,favmufNidr;f csrf;vdu k rf vJ/ tJ'aD wmh ud, k u f aumif;wmjzpfcsif&if raumif;wmudk rMuHb;l / aumif;wmukd MuHr,f/ raumif;wmudk rajymbl;/ aumif;wmudk ajymr,f/ raumif;wmudk rvkyb f ;l / aumif;wmudk vkyrf ,fq&dk if rdrb d 0[m rNidr;f csrf; rSmvm;/ Nidr;f csrf;rSmvm;/ (Nidr;f csrf;rSmygbk&m;)/

urÇ m h N id r f ; csrf ; a&;w&m; tckyJ ,ck 'Dtwdik ;f usif&h if ,ckyNJ idr;f wmyJ/ reufjzefusif&h if reufjzefrNidr;f bl;vm;/ (Nidr;f ygw,f)/ wpfudk,fa& wpfum, wpfa,muf wnf;usifh&if wpfa,mufwnf; rNidrf;bl;vm;/ (Nidrf;ygw,fbk&m;)/ wpfro d m;pkv;kH usif&h if wpfro d m;pkv;kH Nidr;f wmyJ/ wpf&yfuu G f vH;k usif&h if (wpf&yfuu G v f ;kH Nidr;f ygw,f)/ td?k wpfwidk ;f wpfjynfv;kH usif&h if (wpfwikd ;f wpfjynfv;kH Nidr;f ygw,fb&k m;)/ wpfurÇmvH;k usif&h if (wpfurÇmvH;k Nidr;f ygw,f)/ wu,fh Nidr;f csrf;a&;w&m;tppfonf wjcm;w&m;vm;/ Ak'b ¨ mom w&m;vm;/ (Ak'¨bmomw&m;ygbk&m;)/ uHeUJ tusdK;ay;ud;k / &Si;f NyDaemf/ ,aeU Nidr;f csrf;a&;? Nidr;f csrf;a&;vdYk atmfaewm? rusifo h ;kH bJeUJ Nidr;f csrf;yghrvm;/ urÇmNh idr;f csrf;a&;BuD;vnf; atmfcsifovdak tmf/ ,ck jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mwJu h eH UJ tusdK;ay;udo k m vufcu H sifo h ;kH &if raumif;wmudk b,forl S rjzpfcsifawmh raumif;wmudk rMuHawmhb;l / raumif;wmudk rajymawmhb;l / raumif;wmawG rvkyaf wmhb;l / ,aeU urÇmrSm vlowf vufeufawG vkyaf ewm[m aumif;wmvm;? raumif;wmvm;/ (raumif; wmygbk&m;)/ vufu raumif;wmawGvyk af ew,f/ yg;pyfuatmfaew,f/ b,fawmhrS rNidr;f csrf;bl;a,m*Dw/Ykd tJ'aD wmh wpfurÇmvH;k om Ak'b ¨ momawG t,ljzpfwhJ uHeUJ tusKd ;ay;udk ,HMk unfvufcu H sio hf ;kH &if urÇmBuD; b,favmuf Nidr;f csrf;vdu k rf vJ/ (rSev f yS g)/ urÇmay:rSm axmifawmif xm;p&mrvdk awmhb;l / bke;f BuD;wdYk a&S;pum;yHkvdkyJ a[h-- rkqdk;rtdrfawmif wHcg;zGifhtdyf/ tJ'Davmufxdatmif rNidrf;csrf;bl;vm;/ bmvdkYqdk raumif;wmrajym? raumif;wmrvky?f raumif;wmrMuH&if raumif;wmawGjzpfyghO;D rvm;/ (rjzpfygbl; bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh ,aeU bmyJajymajym vHjk cKH atmif pnf;½d;k cwfNyq D u kd wnf; u raumif;wmawGajym? raumif;wmawGMuH? raumif; wmawG vkyw f hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawG&adS evdYk qdw k muawmh xif&mS ;w,faygh/ tJ'gu wjcm;udk rusifo h ;kH vdYk r[kwb f ;l / uHeUJ tusdK;ay;udk rusifo h ;kH vdyYk g/ 'gu wpfyikd ;f &Si;f oGm;NyDaygh/ 105

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

t0d Z Æ m tk y f c sKy sKyf tJ'aD wmh ,ckueH UJ tusdK;ay;qdw k t hJ cgrSm apwem? uH? ocFg&/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;u ]]apwem [H bdu©a0 ur®H 0'grd}}wJh/ 'Dvdk ra[mbl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh apwemudk bmaumufrvJ/ uHaumufr,f/ tJ'u D u H b kd mac:rSmvJ/ (ocFg&yg bk&m;)/ 'gjzifh tckaxmufaewJh ocFg&u b,fumvudk axmufaewmvJ/ (vGeaf vNyD;aom twdwu f mvudyk gbk&m;)/ olrsm;vkycf w hJ mvm;? ud, k v f yk cf w hJ mvm;/ (ud, k v f yk cf w hJ mygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if a,m*DwYkd oifwef; taeeJU ocFg& 3-rsdK;awmh odygaemf/ uJ--ocFg& 3-rsdK;u yknmbdocFg& uwpfrsdK;? tyknmbdocFg& uwpfrsdK;? tmaeOömbdocFg&u wpfrsKd;/ 'Dawmh - aumif;NyD/ tck 'g eHygwfwpftuGufxJu ocFg&udk &Sif;aewmaemf/ yknbdocFg&qdkwm 'getp&Sw d hJ yknBud,m 10-yg;ayghaemf/ 'geawG? oDvawG? a0,sm0pöawG? w&m;a[mwmawG? w&m;emwmawG yknmbdocFg&/ vd&k if;uawmh ygPmwdygwuH tp&Sw d hJ ygPmwdygw? t'dEmé 'ge? umarok - [kwv f m;/ rkom0g'? ydoP k 0gpm? z½ko0gpm? oræyv Ü m0gpm? tbdZsö m? Asmyg'? rdpmä 'd|?d qkw d hJ 'kp½du k w f &m; 10-yg;onf tyknmbdocFg&/ bmocFg&/ (tyknmbdocFg&) orx? ur®|mef;w&m; av;q,fut dk m;xkwv f Udk psmeformywf awG &&Sv d m&if tmaeÍömbdocFg&? psmefr&&ifawmh umrukov dk yf gyJ? 0dyóemyGm;rsm; awmhvnf; r*fzv dk rf &cifrmS umrukov dk f apwemyJ jzpfygw,f/ orxawGtm;xkwv f Udk &&Sv d mwJh ½ly-t½lypsmefuo k v dk f apwemawG[m tmaeÍömbdocFg&yJ a,m*DwUdk / [kwNf yD/ a[m'D ocFg& 3-rsdK;udk vkyw f ikd ;f / ocFg&vdaYk jymwdik ;f ajymwdik ;f olonf wjcm;vm;? uHvm;/ (uHygbk&m;)/ tJ'u D o H nf wjcm;vm;? apwemvm;/ (apwemygbk&m;)/ odjYk zifh apwemonf olrsm;rSm&Sw d mvm;/ ud, k rhf mS &Sw d mvm;/ (ud, k rhf mS &Sw d mygbk&m;)/ odjYk zifh tJ'u D u H olrsm;zefw;D wmvm;? ud, k u hf , kd u f kd zefw;D wmvm;/ (ud, k u hf , kd u f kd zefw;D wmygbk&m;)/ ud, k u hf , kd u f kd pdwaf umif;&Sv d Qif uHaumif; w,f/ pdwaf umif;r&Sv d Qif (uHraumif;bl;)/ tJ'gu b,foel UJ rS rywfouf bl;/ ud, k yf ikd u f pd jö zpfygw,f/ ud, k rf aumif;vnf;yJ ud, k cf yH aJ v/ ud, k f aumif;vnf;yJ ud, k pf rH ,f/ bmjzpfvv Ykd J qdak wmh 'um? 'umrawG uH tusdK;ay;u rdbeJU om;orD;u,fv&Ykd &JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ rdb raumif;vnf; rdbu raumif;wJah e&moGm;aemf/ om;orD;raumif;vnf; om;orD; raumif;wJah e&moGm;/ rdbaumif;&ifvnf; rdbaumif;wJh ae&moGm;/ om;orD;aumif;&ifvnf; om;orD;aumif;wJah e&moGm;qdak wmh uJ--'um? 'umrawG u,fv&Ykd &JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;--aemf/ ud, k jf yKwJu h u H kd ud, k cf pH m;&rSm/ tJ'aD wmh 'Db0rSmu 'guawmh taz? 'guawmh tar? 'guawmh om;? 'guawmh orD;? 'guawmh ZeD;? 'guawmh cifyGef;qdkNyD;awmh vmNyD;awmh wpfb0 wpfcPav; awmfpyfwm/ tcsdefwefusawmh ud, k v hf rf;ud, k rf avQmufb;l vm;/ (avQmuf ygw,f)/ b,foUl b,forl S 'um? 'umrawG tultnDay;vdYk r&bl;/ tJ'Dawmhudk,feJUtwlwl ygoGm;rSm wjcm;vm;? uHawGvm;/ (uHawGyg bk&m;)/ ocFg&eJU ajymawmh yknmbdocFg&? tyknmbdocFg& 'gawG ud, k ef UJ ygr,f/ wu,f orxawG tm;xkwv f Ydk psmeformywfawG&oGm;ol awGusawmh tmaeOömbdocFg& tJ'D ocFg& 3-rsdK;ud, k ef UJ ygvdrrhf ,f/ odaYk omf omrefyx k Zk Of orxavmufom vkyw f t hJ cgusawmh yknmbdocFg&? tyknmbdocFg&yJ ygrSmyg/ tJ'D ocFg&awG vkyw f ikd ;f vkyw f ikd ;f b,fot l yk cf sKyfwmvJ/ (t0dZÆm tkycf sKyf wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'g ygVdawmfukd &Gwv f u kd yf g/ (t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&)/ 'Dawmh t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg& qdak wmh b,fumvuvJ/ (vGeaf vNyD;aom 106

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

twdwfumvyg bk&m;)/ ocFg&ypö,m? (0dnmPH)/ 0dnmPfqdkawmh eHygwfESpf tuGufxJ a&mufvmw,f/ b,ftuGux f rJ mS vJ/ (eHygwfEpS f tuGux f J rSmygbk&m;)/

bk & m;om"k a c: 'Dawmh -- 'Doifwef;udk bkef;BuD;wdkY bmudkoGm;oGm;NyD;awmh erlemMunfh&rvJqdk&if? "r®y'rSm &ufuef;onfrav;jzpfpOfav;ayghaemf/ om"uay;jyvdu k af wmh oifwef;w&m;u ydrk w S rf yd gw,f/ tmV0DNrdKUudk jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; w&m;a[m<uvmwJhtcgusawmh w&m;em y&dowfBuD; pHkavmufayr,fh bk&m;ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD; w&m;ra[mao;bl;/ bmaMumifh bk&m;&Si?f w&m; ra[mEdik yf gvdrrhf vJvYkd y&dowfBuD;u rodb;l / tJ'aD wmhrS y&dowftpGef acgif;rSm awmif;BuD;&GuNf yD;awmh 14-5-6ESp&f w dS hJ uav;rav; wpfa,muf 0ifvmawmhrS jrwfpmG bk&m;u tJ'D y&dowfBuD; xJu 'Duav;rav;udk vSr;f EIwq f ufvu kd w f ,f/ ]]cspf o rD ; ? a&S U ud k v mcJ h } } qd k a wmh r S a&S U 0if v mw,f / jrwf p G m bk & m;u w&m;a[mzd k Y 'Duav;rav;udak pmifah ewm/ bk&m;ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD; apmifah ew,fqakd wmh b,fou l rS 'um? 'umrawG ravQmuf&b J ;l / rajym&Jb;l aygh/ olvnf;a&mufa&m w&m;yGpJ NyDaemf/ bk&m;ud, k af wmf jrwfonfyifvQif 'um? 'umrawG yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,mufudk taMumif; jyKí owå0g a0ae,sudk cRwfawmfrl&w,f/ 'DrSm bmjyKvdaYk pmif&h wmvJ qdak wmh olUudt k aMumif;jyKNyD; usefwo hJ wå0gawGukd cRwfr,fw h &m; a[mrSmud;k / 'gaMumifh olUudak pmif&h wm/ tJ'aD wmh ykxZk OfawG[m? t&yfawG; tawG;eJU t&yfajym ajymr,fq&kd if? tr,f - jrwfpmG bk&m;u?

'Duav;apmifah ew,fqakd wmh olUyJ rsuEf mS vdu k o f vd/k 'gaMumifh ykxZk Ofrsm; odyaf Mumufp&maumif;w,f/ ud, k x f ifwm ud, k af vQmufajymae&if? 'um? 'umrawG rSm;aomf&?dS rSeaf omf&/dS rSe&f ifawmh awmf&UJ / trSm;ajymrd&if 0pDuH rysufb;l vm;/ tJ'D trSm;0pDuo H nf wjcm;tusdK;ay;rSmvm;? trSm;tusdK;ay;rSmvm;/ (trSm;tusdK;ay;rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifh bke;f BuD; wdYk 'um? 'umrawG uHeUJ tusKd;ay;udo k m odxm;&if ud, k yhf g;pyfu, kd f csKyfxm;&r,fh twdik ;f jzpfaeNyD/ b,fae&mu ajymajym wpfcsufrS tjypfu rvGwb f ;l / 'gaMumifh ud, k u hf , kd u f kd 'Dw&m;em&NyDq&kd if? ajcawG? vufawG awmif vIyzf cYkd ufw,f/ 'Davmufta&;BuD;w,fayghaemf/ yg;pyfyw d x f m;&r,fh taetxm;rsdK; jzpfNyDaygh/ 'DawmhrS jrwfpmG bk&m;u ]]uJ--cspo f rD;? b,fuvmovJ}}'Dvkd ar;vdu k w f ,f/ 'Dawmh 'Duav;rav;u pOf;pm;w,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m; ighuakd r;aew,f/ b,fu vmovJvaYkd r;wm[m ig--tdru f vmwm[m bk&m;vnf; odrmS yJ/ y&dowf BuD;vnf; odw,f/ 'gudk tajccHNyD; ar;wmr[kwb f ;l xifw,fqNkd yD;awmh? 'Dawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;udk avQmufvu kd w f ,f/ ]]wynfah wmf b,fuvmrSe;f rodygbk&m;}}vdYk 'Dvakd vQmuf vdu k w f ,f/ 'Dawmh y&dowfBuD;u rauseyfb;l ? 'um? 'umr awG/ [m-'Duav;rav; b,fE, S ahf Mumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;ukd rxDrjhJ rifjyK&wmvJ/ oH;k avmuxGwx f m; oAÁnKjrwfpmG bk&m;? b,fou l rQSb&k m;udk &J&w J if;wif; rMunf&h w J hJ Opömud?k olb,fE, S ahf Mumifh rxDrjhJ rifjyK&wmvJ/ y&dowfBuD; rauseyfb;l aygh/ 'DawmhrS wpfvufpwnf; qufNyD; ar;vdu k w f ,f/ 'Dvjkd zif-h b,fomG ;rvdv Yk ?J (rodygbk&m;)/ b,fu vmovJqadk wmhvnf; (rodygbk&m;)/ b,fomG ;rvdYk vJqadk wmhvnf; (rodygbk&m;)/ [m? y&dowf 'um? 'umrawG zGifhom rajymw,f? &Gpd &GpdjzpfoGm;NyD/ us,fus,fawmhrajymbl;/ bk&m;a&SU qkdawmh ½kad oav;pm;wmaygh/ [ked m;wk;d wd;k wd;k wd;k / 'Dem;wd;k wd;k wd;k wd;k eJU/ wpfa,mufeUJ wpfa,muf vufuyk af yghAsm/ [kwv f m;/ rsufpypf? ar;xd;k aygh [kwv f m;/ jzpfwm obm0/ obm0/ wk;d wd;k ? wd;k wd;k eJU twif;awG ajymukeNf yD/ ESpcf yk &J adS o;w,f [kwv f m;/ b,fuvmovJvYkd ar;awmh (rodygbk&m;)/ b,fomG ;rvJqakd wmh (rodygbk&m;)/ 107

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

rodygbk&m;/ [ cspforD; wu,frodb;l vm;qdak wmh odygw,f bk&m; jzpfawmhwmyJ/ y&dowf &Gp&d pG d jzpfoGm;NyDaemf/ wu,faum odvm;qdak wmh rodygbk&m;wJq h akd wmh a[m-ar;cGe;f (av;)csuf tuke'f u k a© wG a&mufuek Nf yD/ y&dowf xde;f r& awmhb;l / 'Dawmh wpfcgwnf; 'Daumifrav; b,fvjkd zpfwmvJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m;udk 'Dvakd vQmuf&rvm;/ bmvm;? nmvm;ayghaemf/ 'DawmhrS jrwfpmG bk&m;u uJ-uJ-uJ cspforD;wJ/h jrwfpmG bk&m;ar;wJh ar;cGe;f udk cspforD;jyefajzprf;/ [kwyf gw,fb&k m;- cspforD;b,fuvmovJvYkd ar;wJt h cgrSm wynfah wmf rodygbk&m;vdaYk jymwm[m bk&m;-wynfah wmfr tdru f vm wm[m bk&m;ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD; odrmS ygwJ/h y&dowftm;vH;k uvnf; odygw,f/ okaYd omf 'Dw&m;yGBJ uD;rSm 'Davmuf wefz;kd &Sw d t hJ csdeu f dk tcsdef ukecf NH yD; ar;r,frxifb;l wJ/h bk&m;wynfah wmf odwm[mqd&k if b,fb0u vmovJvYdk ar;vko Yd mvQif wynfah wmfrodaMumif;ygbk&m;vd/Yk 'Dvadk vQmufvu kd yf gw,f/ 'DawmhrS jrwfpmG bk&m;u om"k 3-Budraf c:w,f/ 'um? 'umrawG/ bk&m;bmvkyw f mvJ/ (om"k 3-Budraf c:ygw,f)/ tJ'aD wmhrS y&dowfBuD;u 0kid ;f Ny;D om"kac:Muwm/ apmapmwke;f u ar;xd;k vdk xk;d ? vufuw k v f u kd w k ?f twif;ajymvdk ajymwJh y&dowf tckbmjzpfomG ;vJ/ om"kac:NyD; csD;rGr;f oGm;w,f/ at;-[kwv f u kd af vjcif;? rSev f u kd af vjcif; ayghaemf/ 'g-wpfcsuf/ uJ-'Dvjdk zifh 'kw, d ar;cGe;f cspforD;jyefajzawmhw/hJ b,fomG ;rvJvYkd qdw k m[mwJh wynfah wmf acgif;ay:rSm &ufazmufawmif;BuD;eJU vmwm? tvky½f o kH mG ;r,fqw kd m tukeo f yd gw,f/ aeYwikd ;f vnf; oGm;aewmyJ/ olu &ufuef;,uf aewmud;k / odaYk omf jrwfpmG bk&m;ud, fk af wmfjrwfBuD;onf 'Davmuf tcsdeu f ek cf NH yD; 'gudak r;r,fvYkd rxifygbl;wJ/h 'Db0uae wynfah wmfr aoNyD;&if b,fbkH b,fXmeukd a&mufrvJqw kd mudk jrwfpmG bk&m; ud, k af wmfjrwf ar;w,fqw kd mudk bk&m;wynfah wmfr oabmaygufvYkd wynfah wmfrvnf;yJ b,fa&mufreS ;f rodygbk&m;vdYk ajzvdu k Nf yDaemf/ tJ'aD wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om om"kac:w,f? 'um? 'umrawG/ tJ'b D &k m;om"kac:rS y&dowfBu;D u bmjzpfv/J (om"kac:w,f)/ 0dik ;f Ny;D awmh om"kac:wm/ ar;cGe;f ESpcf ak emf/ tJ'gu [du k &ufuef;onfrav; taMumif; om"ujya[mwmyg/ uJ-'Dawmh bke;f BuD;wdYk tm;vH;k ? uk, d afh qGawmf rsdK;awmf rdawG zawG ar;r,faemf/

b,f u k d o G m ;rvJ a ,m*D tck--b,fuvmvJvYkd ar;&if b,fvakd jymrvJ/ (rodyg bk&m;)/ rodb;l / 'gyJajz&rSmyJ/ odrS rodwm/ rodb;l / bke;f BuD;vnf; rodb;l av/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,f)/ b,fomG ;MurvJ/ (rodygbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dem;u 'umBuD;u edAmÁ efomG ;r,f wJ/h 'DtoHwpfoMH um;&wm bke;f BuD; tarmajyvku d w f m/ uJ - edAÁmefudk oGm;r,f qk&d ifawmh bke;f BuD;'Dpcef; awmh pHjyyJayghAs/ olomG ;r,fajymwm/ oGm;w,f rajymbl;/ oGm;r,fyJ ajymwm/ t"dygÜ ,f - t"dygÜ ,f/ uJ - xm;/ b,fomG ;r,fqw dk m vnf; b,fvv dk yk o f rd vJ/ odyghrvm;/ (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ at;--,aeU bke;f BuD;wdYk a[m'D y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oifwef;oifwmu tJ'pD um;udk vufrcHawmhb;l / 'Dawmh b,fuvmvdYk vmrSe;f rodygbk&m;/ b,fomG ;vdYk oGm;rSe;f rodyg bk&m; qdw k mu 'DuaeU bke;f BuD;wdt Yk m;vH;k 'um? 'umrawG b,fbkH b,fXmeu vmw,fqw kd mudo k &d UJ vm;/ (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Du aoNyD;&if b,fbkH b,fXmea&mufr,fqw kd mudk od&UJ vm;/ (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ vlUjynfyJ a&mufrvm;? ewfjynfyaJ &mufrvm;/ jA[®mjynfyJ a&mufrvm;/ edAmÁ efyJ a&mufrvm;? 'grSr[kwf i&J? wd&pämef? Nyw d må ? tol&um,f tyg,fav;bHk yJ a&mufrvm;qdw k m odyghrvm;/ (rodygbl;)/ rodb;l / tJ'g bmaMumifh rodwmvJ qdak wmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;rvnfv/Ykd bmem;rvnfvv Ykd /J (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fem;rvnfvyYkd gbk&m;)/ tck-- bke;f BuD;? a,m*Dwu Ykd kd ocFg& taMumif;pNyD;awmh ajymNyDaemf/ tck a ,m*D wd k Y od & r,f / tJ ' D vd k o d E d k i f z d k Y t wG u f u bmw&m; tm;xk w f &rvJ / (y#d p öorky Üg 'f)/ 108

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opömw&m;tm;xkw&f r,f? opömw&m;em&r,f/ opömw&m;rem? opömw&m;tm;rxkw?f y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m; rem? y#dpö orkygÜ 'f rjzwf&if? bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawG? tckeu uav;rav; ajzovdyk J b,fuvmrSe;f vJrod? b,fujkd yefreS ;f vJrodb;l qdv k &Ykd &dS if rcufb;l vm;/ (cufygw,fb&k m;)/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifvu dk af wmh avmborm;awG oGm;&r,fv h rf;pOf? a'goorm;awG oGm;&r,fv h rf;pOf/ arm[orm;awG oGm;&r,fv h rf;pOf? ud, k v hf rf;pOfeUJ ud, k f oGm;w,f-roGm;bl;qdw k m olrsm; ar;&rSmvm;/ ud, k u hf , kd u f kd ar;&rSmvm;/ (ud, k u hf , kd u f kd ar;&rSmyg bk&m;)/ ud, k u hf , kd u f kd jyefar;/ igavmbawG &Sad evm;? a'goawG &Sad evm;? arm[awG &Sad eovm;/ rmefrmeawG&adS eovm;/ tJ'D w&m;awG ud, k w f ikd rf mS &Sw d ,f r&Sb d ;l qdw k m? ud, k phf w d u f kd ud, k t f uJcwf&if 'um? 'umrawG rodb;l vm;/ (odygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'D tckajymaewmawG &ifxrJ mS &Sad er,f? ude;f aer,fqv kd &Ykd &dS if oGm;rSmonf wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? tyg,f oGm;rSmvm;/ (tyg,fomG ;rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dpw d &f &dS ifawmh igoGm;rSm tyg,fyJ odomG ;NyD/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ a[m? aeUpOfaeUwdik ;f ? ig 'geawG b,f avmufjyKNyD; aeNyD/ 0rf;ajrmuf? 0rf;om/ ig oDvawG b,favmufjrJ aew,f/ um,uH? 0pDu?H raemuH/ orx? 0dyóemawG b,favmuf tm;xkwx f m;w,f/ tJ'v D rkd sdK;av; wpfaeU ud, k u hf , kd u f kd pOf;pm;vdu k v f Ykd &S&d if? ok*wdeAd Ámef oGm;Edik rf ,fqw dk m rod bl;vm;/ 'Dvjdk zifh vrf;u olUbmomol cGNJ yD;om;yJ/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'v D kd odEikd af tmif 'um? 'umrawG wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;vnf&rSmvm;/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;vnf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh t0dZmÆ ypö,m (ocFg&m)/ ocFg&ypö,m (0dnmPHygbk&m;)/ ,aeUbke;f BuD;wdYk b,fuvmovJqw kd m odzt Ykd wGuu f y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;rvnf&if? bk&m;ociftvdak wmfusjzpfvmovdv k ?kd odMum;rif;BuD;uyJ ydv Yk u kd o f vdv k ?kd jA[®mrif;BuD;uyJ arG;xkwaf y;vdu k o f vdv k akd emf/ wefc;kd &Sif uyJ zefw;D ovdv k q kd w kd hJ tJ'-D ovdv k akd wGeUJ yJ 'um? 'umrawG tcsdef rukeb f ;l vm;/ (ukeyf gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'gwjcm;aMumifv h m;? taMumif; w&m;udek m;rvnfvUkd vm;/ (taMumif;w&m;udk em;rvnfvyYkd gbk&m;)/ tck bke;f BuD;wdYk taMumif;w&m;udMk unfv h u kd af wmh t0dZmÆ ypö,m (ocFg&m)/ ocFg& ypö,m? (0dnmPHygbk&m;)/ 0dnmPfqakd wmhu, kd ef UJ ywfoufwhJ 0dnmPfajym&if tckwpfjcm;0dnmPf&wmvm;/ vlU0dnmPf&wmvm;/ (vlU0dÓmPf &wmygbk&m;)/ vlU0dnmPfukd &wmu bmocFg&vkycf v hJ /Ykd (yknmbd ocFg& vkycf v hJ yYkd gbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh yknmbdocFg&ypö,m (0dnmPH)/ 0dÓmPf qdak wmh tck vlU0dnmPf&vmNyD/ trd0rf;xJrmS ud;k v? q,fv pNy;D awmh aeNy/D tJ'v D kd vlUavmuudak &mufvmwmu twdwu f mvu bmawGvyk cf v hJ /Ykd t0dZmÆ ypö,m (ocFg&m)/ 'gew&m;awG vkyv f /Ykd oDv w&m;awG vkyv f /Ykd tck vljzpfwm r[kwb f ;l vm;/ ([kwyf gw,fb&k m;)/ tu,fvYkd tyknmbdocFg&qdw k hJ ygPmwdygwuH usL;vGe&f if wjcm;a&mufrmS vm;? i&Ja&mufrmS vm;/ (i&Ja&mufrmS ygbk&m;)/ t'dEmé 'gef? umarok? rkom? ok&mar&, usL;vGev f Qif wjcm;a&mufrmS vm;? i&J a&mufrmS vm;/ (i&Ja&mufrSmygbk&m;)/ avmb? a'go? arm[awG &Sd&if wjcm;a&mufrSmvm;/ tyg,fa&mufrSmvm;/ (tyg,fa&mufrmS ygbk&m;)/ avmbawGrsm;&if Nydwåmjynf a&mufr,faygh/ a'goawGrsm;&if i&Ja&muf r,faygh/ twdwu f aemf/ tJ'aD wmh twdwu f avmb a'go &Syd if&jdS im; aomfvnf;yJ bke;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawGrmS 'gew&m;? oDvw&m;awGu tm;aumif;awmh 'ge? oDvuae uJ? vljY ynfuo kd mG ;prf;qdNk yD;awmh? t0dZÆm ypö,m (ocFg&)/ ocFg&ypö,m (0dnmPH)/ 0dnmPfqakd wmh vlUb0? vlUavmu 0dnmPfukd rydb Yk ;l vm;/ (ydyYk gw,f)/ [kwNf yD/ ,aeUbke;f BuD;wdYk vlUavmuudk a&mufvmMuNyDaygh/

txG w f t xd y f a &muf v d k a omf tJ'aD wmh vlUavmuudk a&mufvmMuwm[m wjcm;u ydw Yk mvm;? uHu ydw Yk mvm;/ (uHu ydw Yk mygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh twdwfeJUajymawmh bmajymrvJ/ (ocFg&)/ ypöKyÜefeJUajymawmh (uH)/ tJ'Dawmh uHomvQif trd uH o mvQif t zqd k w m]]tbd P S o k w f } }eJ U ud k u f o G m ;NyD / uH u yd k U vk d k u f N yD a emf / uH u yd k Y v d k u f o nf h t wG u f bk&m;tvdak wmfusvm;? uHyv Ykd u kd w f mvm;/ (uHyv Ykd u dk w f mygbk&m;)/ jA[®mBuD;u ydv Yk u kd w f mvm;? uHu ydv Yk u kd w f mvm;/ 109

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(uHuydv Yk u dk w f mygbk&m;)/ vl ewf jA[®m owå0gawGukd zefqif;wmvm;/ uHuydv Yk u dk w f mvm;/ (uHuydv Yk u dk w f mygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh uHeUJ tusdK;ay;udk ,HMk unfwmonf wjcm;vm;? ÓmPfvm; (ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tJ'ÓD mPf bmÓmPfac:/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|n d mPf)/ [kwNf yD/ 'g wpfyikd ;f &yfvu kd /f 0dÓmPf&zdt Yk a&;BuD;w,faemf/ tu,fí a,m*DwdkYu tJ'DvdkÓmPfrsdK;r&&if a[m'D wjcm; r[m,me wdkY wEÅ&wkdY rEÅ&wdkYu 0ifaESmufvu kd Nf yDq&dk if odyaf Mumufp&m aumif;w,f/ 'gbke;f BuD;wku Yd vufawGUMunf&h rSmud;k / tJ'aD wmh uHEiS hf tusdK;ay;rSm twdwfumvwkef;u ukokdvfaumif;rIawGjyK&if aumif;wm vkyf&if (aumif;wmjzpfrnf)/ raumif;wmvky&f if (raumif;wm jzpfrnf)/ tJ'aD wmh tcke raeYuvnf; ajymcJw h ,f/ vlb Y 0 vlUavmu BuD;awmh a&mufvmygNyD/ a&mufvmMuNyD/ okdYaomfvnf;yJ a,mufsm;awGjzpf? rdef;rawGjzpf twef;tpm;csif; ruGmbl;vm;/ (uGmygw,fbk&m;)/ a,mufsm;csif;wlaomfvnf;yJ uJ? 'um? 'umrawG ½kyf&nfcsif;wl&JUvm;/ (rwlygbl;)/ rwlnDbl;aemf/ a,mufsm;csif;wlaomfvnf;yJ ynmwwfwm ynmrJw h m csrf;omwm qif;&Jwm? &mxl;&Sw d m &mxl;rJw h m? (rwlygbl; bk&m;)/ aMomf? tcsdKUawGusawmh &mxl;tjrifq h ;kH &w,f/ tcsdKUusawmh bm&mxl;rS r&Sb d ;l / tcsdKUusawmh pm;p&m aomufp&mudk r&Sb d ;l / tcsdKUus 'Dwpfoufv;kH pm;rukeEf ikd af vmufatmif rcsrf;ombl;vm;/ (csrf;omygw,f)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'Dvdk csrf;omaewm[m b,folu rçvdkYvJ/ uHtaMumif;w&m; aMumifh rxif&Sm;bl;vm;/ (xif&Sm;ygw,f)/ odjYk zif&h if wEÅ& rEÅ& t,ltqu tJ'v D kd csrf;omvmNyDq&kd if tif;? 'Dy*k Kd¾ vfawmh bmud;k uG,v f /Ykd ud;k uG,rf eS &f ifawmh taMumif;r[kwb f ;l -aemf/ bke;f BuD;wdYk avmurSm ud;k uG,pf &m 3-rsdK;yJ&w dS ,f/ b,fEpS rf sdK;vJ/ (3-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm/ tJ'gaMumifrh v Ykd Ykd ckeu &Gwo f mG ;NyD; Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd/ "r®H o&PH *pämrd/ oHCH o&PH *pämrd/ tJ'D 3-yg; udo k m ,H, k MkH unfMunfu;kd uG,f 'um? 'umrawGtxGwt f xdyf ra&muf bl;qkw d m r&Sb d ;l / trsdK;rsdK; 'um? 'umrawG ruGmbl;vm;/ tJ'v D kd uGmwm[m odMum; jA[®m ewf 0dZÆmu zefw;D ay;wm [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwf ygbl;)/ bd;k awmf r,fawmf rçwm [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ pD;yGm;av; wufvmNyD/ &mxl;av; wufvmNyD/ rdom;pkav;rsm; tqifajy vmvd?Yk xDav;bmav;rsm; aygufvmNyDq&kd if tif;? igu [k[ d mudk ud;k uG,v f ?Ykd [db k ;dk awmfu;kd uG,v f Ukd ? 'Dr,fawmf ud;k uG,v f /Ykd [kt d rd w f iG ;f ud;k uG,v f ?Ykd [kd uk, d af wmfukd ud;k uG,v f ?Ydk a[m[dk ud, k af wmfomajymw,f? b,f ud, k af wmfreS ;f vnf; rodb;l / pOf;pm;Munfh 'um? 'umrawG/ wGuMf unfAh sm/ tJ'v D dk ud;k uG,v f Ydk jzpfr,fq&dk if bke;f BuD;wdYk rtdyrf ae wpfaeukef ud;k uG,f ygr,f/ odyt f a&;BuD;w,f 'Dupd aö emf/ [kwyf ghrvm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;bk&m;)/ uJ - Oyrmajymr,f/ ,aeU q,fwef;pmar;yGu J dk ajzMuwJh ausmif;olausmif;om;av;awG/ aMomf? olwrYdk mS aovkarsmyg;? usufvu dk f &wJph m aeUrtdy?f nrtdyf [kwv f m;/ tJ'v D dk usufawmh? aumif;aumif; usufawmh aumif;aumif;rSwrf w d hJ yk*Kd¾ vfu 'um? 'umr awG pmar;yGJ ratmifb;l vm;/ (atmifygw,f)/ pmvnf;rusufb;l / *av vku d Nf yD;awmh [kv d yk f 'Dvyk f awmifomG ; ajrmufomG ;eJU tcsdew f efajzawmh rajzEkid w f yhJ *k Kd¾ vfu rusbl;vm;/ (usygw,fb7k m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif7h if atmifwm b,fol rçvkUd vJ/ t"dygÜ ,faemf/ 'g-Oyrmaqmifa[maewm/ tdrw f iG ;f u rçwmvm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ tdrjf yifu rçwmvm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ odMum;? jA[®m? 0dZmÆ awG rçwmvm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ b,forl S rrçEkid yf gbl;/ tJ'gaMumihfrkdUvkdU ,aeYBuD;yGm;csrf;omwJhyk*¾dKvfawG pkdufwJh uHtm;u enf;enf;aemaemvm;/ olrsm; tdyv f nf;rtdy/f olrsm; pm;vnf;rpm;/ wpfcgwnf;rSudk 'Dtay:rSm tvkyu f Edk pS x f m;wJt h cgusawmh olUay:rSm tjrJwrf; raemuH r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ tvkyef UJ ywfoufNyD; rpm;Ekid f raomufEidk f ajym& qk&d vky&f ukid &f wJh 0pDuH r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ ud, k w f idk u f , dk u f sukd wpfcgwnf; tyifyef;cHNyD; raqmif &Gub f ;l vm;/ (aqmif&u G yf gw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vf&UJ um,uH? 0pDu?H raemuHonf b,frmS rBuD;yGm;bJ &Srd vJ/ (rSev f yS g)/ 110

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udavomrD; xdef;nD;a0vQH b0wkdif; rqkdif; avmifaejyef/ qkad wmh 'Db0wifr[kwb f ;l / wpfoo H &mvk;H u avmifvmwJrh ;D / wjcm;rD; vm;? udavomrD;vm;/ (udavomrD;yg bk&m;)/ avmbawG? a'goawG? arm[awG? rmeawG? 'd|ad wGaemf/ aMomf - urÇmrD;xufyNdk yD;awmh jyif;wJrh ;D u bmrD;vJ/ (udavomrD;yg bk&m;)/ okjYd zifh udavomrD;qkw d m ckeajymcJw h hJ avmbawG? a'goawG? arm[awG? rmeawG? 'd|ad wG/ uJ - 'Dawmh bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG tck em;u w&m;em? ÓmPfu cE¨mvSnfh vku d w f hJ tcgusawmh tJ'rD ;D onf uk, d u hf , dk u f dk tavmifc&H wmvm;? tavmifrcH &wmvm;/ (tavmifc&H wmyg bk&m;)/ rD;avmifc&H vkUd ,ckb0rSmvnf; ylw,f? aoawmhvnf;yJ tyg,fusOD;r,f qkad wmh 2-cg emw,f/ b,fEpS cf gem/ (2-cgemygw,f)/ tJ'v D dk 2-cgemwmu bmaMumifv h J qkad wmh w&m;remvkUd ? w&m;tm;rxkwv f Udk / 'Dvjdk zif&h if wjcm;w&m;em&rSmvm;/ opömw&m;em&rSmvm;/ (opömw&m;em &rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if opömw&m;emNy;D &if opömw&m;tvkyu f dk 'um? 'umrawG cE¨mÓmPfa&muf? tm;xkw&f r,faemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ tJ'v D dk tm;xkwrf ,fqcdk &hJ if tckeajymcJw h hJ avmb? a'go? arm[awG rNird ;f Ekid f bl;vm;/ (Nird ;f Ekid yf gw,f)/ at;-'Dawmh avmb? a'go? arm[qkw d hJ rD;awGNidr;f atmif 'd|?d 0Dpu d pd mä qdw dk hJ udavomukd t&ifjzKwf/ avmb? a'go? arm[awGukd 'um? 'umrawG Nidrf;csif&if? owfcsif&if bmukd t&ifjzKwf/ ('d|d? 0dpdudpämukd t&ifjzKwf&rSmygbk&m;)/ at; - 'd|?d 0dpu d pd mä ukd jzKwfvUdk &S&d if tcke avmb? a'go? arm[awGNidr;f r,f/ avmb? a'go? arm[awGNidr;f vkUd &S&d if tk?d em? aovGwrf ,f/ tk?d em? ao vGww f monf wjcm;vm;/ edAmÁ efvm;/ (edAmÁ efygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh 'Dw&m; tpOfav;ukd tjyeftvSeMf unhrf ,fq&dk if a,m*DwUdk ,aeUqkawmif; aewJh edAmÁ efudk vkcd sif&if bmvGwaf tmifvyk /f (tk?d em? ao vGwaf tmif vky&f rSmyg bk&m;)/ tk?d em? aovGwcf sif&if bmukNd idr;f atmifvyk rf vJ/ (avmb? a'go? arm[)/ tcsKyfuawmh 'gygyJ/ 'Dacgif;pOfyaJ ygh/ tJ'aD wmh - avmb? a'go? arm[awG Nidr;f csif&if bmukjd zKwf r,f/ ('d|?d 0dpu d pd mä yg bk&m;)/ tck a,m*DwUdk vky&f r,ft h vky?f jzKwf &r,fh tvkyo f nf bmeJU bmeJUvJ/ ('d|ed UJ 0dpu d pd mä yg bk&m;)/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oifaewmvnf; bmjzKwfzUdk vJ/ ('d|ed UJ 0dpu d pd mä jzKwfzUdk yg bk&m;)/ 'd|ed UJ 0dpu d pd mä ukjd zKwfvu dk v f Ufdk jyKwfomG ;NyDq&dk if NyD;ygNyD udp/ö vljzpfusdK;eyfomG ; NyD/ vlUb0rSm vljzpfusdK;reyfb;l vm;/ (eyfygw,f)/ tJ'aD wmh 'd|?d 0dpu d pd mä jzKwfzUdk qkw d m uk, d b hf momuk, d jf zKwfvUdk &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;/ a[m - 'DawmhrS q&mawmfBuD;u olawmfqnf;uyf jrwfw&m;em? avsmfpGmtusifh r*fzkdvfcGifh &vifh{uefom/ aocsmayguf w&m;&oGm;NyD/ 'Dt*Fgav;csufeUJ tnD olawmfqnf; uyfqadk wmh ]]oyÜK&do oHao0}} aygh/ olawmfaumif;ukd qnf;uyf&r,f/ ]]o'¨ró ® 0e=opömw&m;udek m&r,f/ a,medaomreodum&= ESv;Hk oGi;f rSef &r,f/ "r®mEk"r®y#dywåd = w&m;vrf;pOftwkdif;usifh&r,f/ 'd|d jzKwfwJhw&m; awGudkyGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&r,f/ tJ'aD v;csuf&&if 'Db0uRwfwef;0ifNyDvUdk qk;H jzwfcsufcsyg/ 'gukd aus;Zl;&Siq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;&JUaqmify'k rf mS ]]olawmfqnf;uyf? jrwfw&m;em? avsmfpmG tusif?h r*fzv dk cf iG ?hf &vif{h uef om}}? b,fEpS cf sufv/J (4-csufyg bk&m;)/

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tJ'aD wmh rw&m;wkUd \ oGm;&mvrf;aMumif;onf txufvm;? atmufvm;/ (atmufygbk&m;)/ at;? tJ'aD wmh uk, d u f , dk u f dk 'Dw&m;av; ESv;Hk oGi;f ? 'Dtqk;H tr av;eJUjyefNyD; aeYpOfowdxm;? ESv;Hk oGi;f Munf&h if [m-ig rw&m;jzpfaeNyD/ rjzpfb;l / tJ'aD wmh rw&m;rjzpfatmif w&m;aom enf;jzifh w&m;aomtouf&iS jf cif; jzpfaeatmif a,medaomre odum& = ESv;Hk oGi;f rSezf Udk ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'D ESv;Hk oGi;f rSef Ekid af tmiftck a,m*DwUdk ukd aus;Zl;jyK&rSmu 'd|?d 0dpu d pd mä uko d wfwehJ nf;ukd aus;Zl;jyK&rSm/ bmuko d wfwehJ nf;vJ/ ('d|d 0dpu d pd mä uko d wfwehJ nf;ygbk&m;)/

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5-yg; qkad wmh tJ'D cE¨m 5-yg;[m a,mufsm;? rde;f r? &[ef;? oHCm ponfjzifh taz? tar rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh y&rwfoabm jzifMh unhaf wmh cE¨m 5-yg; jrifw,f/ ynwfoabmjzifMh unhaf wmh yk*Kd¾ vf owå0g jrif&r,f/ cE¨m 5-yg; jrif&r,f/ 'Dvjdk zifh rsuv f ;Hk ESpv f ;Hk wyf? ynwfrsuv f ;Hk uwpfv;Hk / y&rwfrsuv f ;Hk u wpfv;Hk / wpfpeG ;f wnf; r&bl;aemf/ tJ'v D dk ESpv f ;Hk wyfawmhrS tJ'D tv,faumifuae uk, d u f Munf&h rSmvm;? wpfzufowfMunfv h Udk &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ ynwftpGe;f uaeMunhv f rYdk &bl;/ y&rwftpGe;f uaevnf;Munhv f Ukd r&bl;/ tv,faumif uae bke;f BuD;wkUd a,m*DwYdk Munf&h r,f/ ynwfqw kd v hJ uf0pJ eG ;f ? y&rwfqdk wJv h uf,mpGe;f [kwv f m;/ tJ'D tpGe;f 2-zufudk vTwNf yD;awmhrS avQmuf oGm;vkUd &wm/ tv,faumifuae avQmufw,fqw dk m wjcm; ajymwm r[kwfbl;/ ynwfvnf;em;vnf&r,f/ y&rwfvnf; em;vnf&r,f/ 'Dawmh ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus? y&rwfu, G af wmh edAmÁ efr& wJ/h a[m - pum;u/ uJ - 'gav; rSwx f m;ygOD;aemf/ vku d q f /dk ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus? y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmef r&/ ynwf y&rwf ES p f c k p yf ? odwwfolrS jrwf/ tJ'aD wmh ynwfeUJ y&rwfudk ESpcf ek m;vnf&r,f/ ynwfqw dk m bmac:w,f/ y&rwfqw dk m bmac:w,f odzUdk ta&;BuD;jyefw,f/ 0dyóem½Iwmu vG,w f ,faemf/ 0dyóem½IzUdk tajccHawG em;vnfatmif oifzUdk u renf;oif&wm/ 'g omoemwGi;f a&mufwo hJ w l idk ;f bke;f BuD;wkUd vG,v f , G u f u l l odciG &hf wmaygh aemf/ 'Dawmh ynwftaMumif;awGvnf; ajymp&mqkd trsm;BuD; ajymjim;aomfvnf; a,m*DwkdU&JU wpfykdifwpfEkdifaygh/ 0dyóemtvkyaf v;ukd tm;xkwEf idk af tmif av;ukd a&G;cs,Nf y;D awmh cke yd#uwfo;Hk ykH tqDxw k o f vkad ygh? [kwv f m;/ ynwfawG trsm;BuD; &Sad omfvnf;yJ uk, d ef UJ tyfpyfwyhJ nwfuawmh bke;f BuD;wkUd a&G;cs,fNyD;awmh aus;Zl;jyK&rSm &Sprf sKd ;avmufyyJ gw,f/ trsm;BuD;oifae&ifvJ uk, d rfh mS tcsed rf &bl;aygh/ tcsed rf &wJt h cgusawmh tm;xkwEf idk zf Udk twGuf taxmuf tyHu h dk rod&ifrjzpfwhJ ynwfu b,fErS sdK;/ (&Sprf sdK;ygbk&m;)/ &Sprf sdK;uawmh tMurf;zsif;ajym &&if?

Oyrm? emrynwfaygh/ eHygwfwpf emr ynwf? eHygwfESpf oEåwd ynwf? eHygwfokH; orl[ ynwf? eHygwfav; oP²me ynwf? eHygwfig; yk*v ¾ ynwf? eHygwfajcmuf owå ynwf? eHygwfckESpf twå ynwf? eHygwf&Spf Ce ynwf? b,fErS sdK;vJ/ (&Sprf sdK;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'&D pS rf sdK;u pmqkw d muawmh tvGwf usufxm;&rSm/ (rSev f yS g)/ okUd aomf pmawG igwkUd r&vkUd edAmÁ efr&awmhb;l vkUd 'Dvrdk wGuef UJ / tJ'pD mukd r&GwEf ifdk af omfvnf;yJ? oabmw&m;udEk v S ;Hk tdrf ude;f bkUd odyt f a&;BuD;w,f/ ]]oabm[kwrf S avmukw}f }/ uJ? 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ oabmoGm;Munfah wmh emrynwf qkw d mu emrnfajymwm/ bmwJv h /J (emrnfygbk&m;)/ emrnfonf ynwfjzpfwt hJ wGuaf Mumifh 0dyóem½IvUdk r&bl;/ 0dyóemqkw d m wjcm; ½I&rSmvm;? y&rwf½&I rSmvm;/ (y&rwf½&I rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh y&rwf½&I r,fvo Ydk m tMurf;zsif;av; rSwx f m;vku d af wmh/ NyD;awmhrS y&rwfyidk ;f &Si;f r,f/ (1) tJ'aD wmh emrnfqadk wmh tckbek ;f BuD;wkUd &[ef;qk&d if &[ef;bGUJ &[ef;emrnfaygh? oDv&Siv f nf; 120

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oDv&SifbGJU oDv&Sif emrnf/ 'umvnf; 'umemrnf/ 'umrvnf; 'umremrnf r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Demrnfqkdwmuawmh tajymif;tvJ&SdwmyJ/ tajymif;tvJ&Sdwmukd 0dyóem ½IvkdU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;/ okUd aomf emrnfqw dk mu rac:vkUd rjzpfb;l / orkwed ,fy,frmS wpfO;D eJUwpfO;D qufqw H mu emrnfac: qufqrH mS aygh/ OD;jzLqkd OD;jzL aygh/ a':eDqdk a':eDaygh - pojzifh 'Dvrdk ac:& bl;vm;/ (ac:&ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'v D rdk sdK; olUemrnfav;awGeUJ ol ac:ac:NyD; bke;f BuD;wkUd qufq&H wm/ 'g - ynwf/ y&rwftaeeJUusawmh qufqv H Udk &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl; )/ 'Dvjdk zifh OD;jzLqkw d hJ 'umBuD;rSmvnf; wjcm;&Sw d mvm;? cE¨m 5-yg;vm;/ (cE¨m 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh cE¨m 5-yg;onf a,mufsm;rSm&Sw d ,f/ rde;f rrSmvnf; &Sw d ,f/ tJ'aD wmh cE¨m 5-yg;vkYd ac:vku d &f if 'um? 'umr awG tukev f ;Hk eJUywfoufw,f/ ckeu emrnfudk a&G;ac:wJt h cgrSm olU emrnfeJUywfoufwJhol 'g olUac:wmyJvkdU rod&bl;vm;/ (od&ygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh emrynwfqkdwmu 0dyóem½IvUdk r&bl;/ 'g - odxm;&r,fh wpfcsuf/ A[kow k aemf/ EkUfd rkUd qk&d if 0dyóemukd a&maumaomaum½IrmS pk;d vkUd cGaJ y;aewm/ (2) oEÅwdynwfqkdwmuawmh tpOftqufajymwmaygh/ oEåwdqkdwm qufaewmaemf/ oEÅwd qufwmav;ukad wmh a,m*DwUkd em;vnfzUdk vkyd gw,f/ Oyrm? twdw?f ypöKyÜe?f tem*wf/ raeUu&,f/ 'DaeU&,f? reufjzef&,f qkNd yD; twdw?f ypöKyÜe?f tem*wf r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh Oyrm ajymMuygpkUd / jrpfxrJ mS a&awGudk oGm;Munh&f if &efuek jf rpfu a&r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ vGecf w hJ hJ q,fEpS f avmufuvnf; a&r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ NyD;cJw h v hJ uvnf; oGm;Munhf r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd g w,fb&k m;)/ tckomG ;Munh&f ifvnf; tck&w dS myJ/ okUd aomf vGecf w hJ hJ wpfvavmufua&onf 'DaeUa& [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl; bk&m;)/ okUd aomf a&&Sw d ,fqw dk mawmh ajymvkUd r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ tJ'aD wmh a&&Sw d ,fvUdk ajymvku d w f muwGNJ y;D awmh ajymvku d w f m/ wu,fomG ; Munfah wmh raeUu a&onf 'DaeUa& [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ apmapmu a&onf ,cka& [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ woGio f iG pf ;D aewm ysufysuf aeNyD/ ausmfomG ;NyDaygh/ rSww f idk af v;Munfv h u dk rf ,fq&dk if aMomf? csufcsif; ausmf - ausmf- ausmfomG ;w,fqw dk mu ysufomG ;wm/ aemufxyfw;dk vmwm ujzpfvmwm/ jzpfvu dk f ysuv f u dk f jzpfvu dk f ysuv f u dk /f 'Dt"dymÜ ,f r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ oEÅwyd nwfu 'Dvadk jym&wmaygh/ at; tJ'gu [ku d OyrmaqmifNyD; ajymwm/ Oyar,seJU oEÅwyd nwf uk, d chf E¨mxJ uk, d [ f yfMunhyf g/ raeUwke;f u a[m'D 'um? 'umrawG 'Dbek ;f BuD;awG[m 'DaeU'Dy*k Kd¾ vfawG [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ tJ'aD wmh wnhw f nfh ajymMu ygpkUd Asm/ tcka[maewJh 'Dq&mawmf[m tck b,fEpS &f uf&NdS yDv/J 6-&uf &SNd yD a[mwm/ yxraeUuvnf; a[mw,f/ 'kw, d aeUu a[mw,f/ tck 6-&uf vk;H vk;H a[mwm/ 10-&uf pcef;yGu J dk rNyD;rcsif; a[mrSm/ 'Dq&mawmfyJ a[maewmaygh/ tJ'gu oEÅwd ynwftaeeJUajymwm/ 0dyóem½IvUdk r&bl;aemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ y&rwf taeeJUMunfhvkduf&if raeUua[mwJh q&mawmfonf 'Dq&mawmf [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl; bk&m;)/ em;BuD;BuD;em;axmifyg/ a,m*DopfawG aemf/ raeYu q&mawmfu 'Dq&mawmf [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ okdYjzifh raeYu q&mawmf b,fa&mufoGm;NyDvJ/ &J&Jajymprf;yg/ tm;remygeJU/ bkef;BuD;ajymajymawmh ysv H eG af wmfro l mG ;NyaD yghAsm/ aemufwpfyg; arG;vmwm? [kwv f m;/ okUd aomf tJ'aD emufwpfyg;arG;wJh uk, d af wmfuawmh taruarG;wmr[kwb f ;l / taru wpfcgyJ arG;ay;vku d w f m/ y&rwfoabmeJUMunhfawmh 'Dukd,fawmfqkdwm wjcm;ajymae wmvm;? ½kyfemrfajymaewmvm;/ (½kyef mrfajymaewm ygbk&m;)/ ½kyef mrfonf 'um? 'umrawGysuo f mG ;vku d ?f topftpm; xk;d vku d /f tJ'D oabmw&m; u wjcm;eJUjrif&rSmvm;? ÓmPfeUJ jrif&rSmvm;/ (ÓmPfeUJ jrif&rSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvu dk idk jf yvkUd &wJh t&mr[kwb f ;l / 'g 0dyóem qkw d mu y&rwfqw dk mu ÓmPfpcef;awG 'um? 'umrwkUd / odyt f a&;BuD;w,faemf/ 'Dae&mrSm tm;vk;H tm½kw H pfyg;pdwrf oGm;ygeJU/ enf;enf;av;*½kpu dk pf rf;yg/ y&rwfusawmh ta&;BuD;w,faygh/ tJ'aD wmh raeUu[monf 'DaeUY [kw&f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ raeUu[monf ol[ Y meJUol csKyfomG ;NyD; 'DaeYtpm;xk;d wmyJ/ 'DaeUYonfvnf; 121

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reufjzef[w k &f UJ vm;/ (r[kwyf gbl;)/ reufjzefonfvnf; ra&mufao;bl;aemf/ tJ'aD wmh twdw?f ypöKyÜe?f tem*wf cke OyrmeJU ajymvku d w f t hJ cg raeYuvnf; 'Dq&mawmf a[mw,f/ 'DaeUvnf; a[mw,f/ reufjzefvnf; 'Dq&mawmf a[mr,f qkw d mu orkwo d pöm taeeJUaY jymvku d w f m/ olUu@eJUol ykid ;f jcm;ykid ;f jcm;NyD;jywmonf wjcm;ÓmPfvm;/ y&rw¬ÓmPfvm;/ (y&rw¬ÓmPfyg bk&m;)/ tJ'g 'um? 'umrawG oEÅwd ynwfudk ajymwmaygh/ (3) orl[ynwfqw dk mu raeUuajymcJw h hJ acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf/ acgif;? cg;? ajc? vufu bmwJv h /J (orl[ynwf)/ (4) oP²meynwfqw dk m yko H P²mefuadk jymwm/ 'guawmh ausmif;ykH oP²mef/ 'guawmh tdryf o Hk P²mef ponfjzifrh &Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ OyrmqkMd uygpkUd / rdrEd idk if rH [kwb f J wjcm;Ekid if u H dk oGm;vku d &f if taqmuftOD; wpfck vSrf;Munhfvkduf&if [m - 'gu Ak'¨bmombk&m;ausmif;yJ/ 'gu awmh [dE´Lbk&m;ausmif;yJ? 'gu rlqvifbmomausmif;yJ/ 'gu c&pf,mef ausmif;yJ/ trlt&mav;awG? taqmuftOD;&JUoP²mefudk Munf&h if rodEidk b f ;l vm;/ (odEidk yf gw,f)/ tJ'gu ynwfw&m;awG aemf/ ajym&rSm/ ajymzkUd qufqv H Udk &zkUd vky&f wm/ 0dyóem½IvUdk r&bl;aemf/ (5) 'Dawmh yk*v ¾ ynwfqw dk m vlawG? ewfawG jA[®mawG owå0g awG? yk*Kd¾ vfawG owå0gawG rajym&bl;vm;/ tJ'D ajymvkdUomajym&wm 0dyóem½IwJhtcgusawmh ½IvdkU r&ygbl;/ cke - yk*¾vynwfqkdwm vlyk*¾dKvf? &[ef;yk*¾dKvfayghaemf/ (6) owåynwfqw dk m owå0gqkw d m vl? ewf? jA[®m owå0gawG/ jrwfpmG bk&m; ra[mbl;vm;/ (a[mygw,f bk&m;)/ bk&m;u ynwftaeeJU a[mwm/ y&rwftaeeJUMunfw h t hJ cgusawmh owÅ0gqkw d m &S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl; bk&m;)/ owå0g r&Sb d ;l / cE¨myJ &Sw d ,f/ owå0gr&Sb d ;l / ½kyef mrf yJ&w dS ,f/ cE¨myJ&w dS ,fayghaemf/ tJ'v D dk cE¨myJvUdk jrifwmu y&rwf/ owå0g qkw d mu ynwf/ tJ'aD wmh ynwfeUJ y&rwfcNJG yD;awmh odawmhrS 0dyóem ½IvUdk &ygvdrrfh ,f/ (7) 'Dvjdk zifh twåynwfqw dk m &Sw d ,f/ ig? ol? touf? vdyjf ym tck rajymbl;vm;/ a,m*DwUdk w&m;xkid &f if toufuav; rSerf eS ½f /I 0ifavod xGuaf vod/ toufreS rf eS rf ½SLckid ;f bl;vm;/ aMomf? 'Dy*k Kd¾ vf toufxu G o f mG ;NyD/ 'Dy*k Kd¾ vfvyd jf ymbmjzpfw,f/ uJ rajymbl;vm;/ toufwUdk vdyjf ymwkUd qkw d mu ynwftaeeJUom ajymwm/ tcsdKUaoumeD; tcgus&if vdyfjymcGJw,fwkdU bmwkdU nmwkdU ½IyfyGaewmyJAs/ 'gawG &SdaewmyJ/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ 'Dyk*¾dKvf toufjyif;vkdufwm/ toufrxGuf Ekdifbl;/ a[m avmua0g[m&awG r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ wu,ftrSe&f w dS m r[kwb f ;l / ajymvkUd &½kaH v;wifaygh/ olUudpaö v; olajymvkUd &½kaH v; ac:ae wmaemf/ (8) aemufq;Hk eHywf&pS u f bmwJv h /J (Ceynwfyg bk&m;)/ Ce ynwfqw dk muawmh vk;H &yfoP²mef yk[ H ef edrw d u f adk jymwmaygh/ Ce qkw d m tpkid t f cJBuD;ukd ajymwm/ bmukd ajymwmvJ/ (tpkid t f cJBuD;ukd ajymwmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ tpkid t f cJBuD;ukd ajymwJt h cgusawmh bke;f BuD; raeUu pcJw h ,f/ a,m*DwUdk ½lyu©Em¨ b,foabm&S/d (azmufjyef wJo h abm&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ ½lyu©Em¨ rSm azmufjyefwo hJ abm&Sw d ,f/ ½kyv f Udk ajymvku d w f meJU a[m - 'DrmS ½ky?f 'D½yk u f jzLw,f/ 'D½yk u f rJw,f/ ykw½hJ yk /f &Snw f ½hJ yk f rvmbl;vm;? (vmygw,f)/ ½kyv f Udk ajymvku d &f if tck 'DrmS w&m;a[maewJb h ek ;f BuD; 'um? 'umrawGrjrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'gu Ce ynwfav/ vkH;&yfoP²meff ykH[ef edrdwfukd jrifaewm/ okdUaomfvnf;yJ tJ'DjrifaewJh½kyfBuD;[m 0dyóem½IvkdU&yghrvm;/ (r&yg bl; bk&m;)/ ÓmPfpcef;awG odyt f a&;BuD;w,f aemf/ 'Dae&mrSm ÓmPf0if &rSm/

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Ceaus&J U vm; tJ'aD wmh pum;wpfc&k w dS ,fav/ aMomf a,m*DawG cifAsm;wkUd 0dyóem½Iaew,fom ajymwm/ Ce aus&JUvm;/ ta&;BuD;vmNyD/ Ce acs&JUvm;/ 'Dpum;vkH;av; rSwfvkdufprf;ygaemf/ 0dyóem qkdwmu ½IwmuvG,w f ,faemf/ ckeu 'Dpum;vk;H udak rhNy;D cifAsm;wkUd Ceacs&UJ vm;? Ce aus&UJ vm;qkad wmh bmajymrSe;f rodb;l / Ce qkw d m pmvkad jymwm/ jrefrmvkq d w dk muawmh vk;H &yf oP²mef yk[ H efaygh/ tpkid t f cJ/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ uJ - 'Dawmh tJ'gukd bke;f BuD;wkUd jrwfpmG bk&m; uk, d af wmfjrwfBuD;a[mwJh tPkjrLeJU&Si;f rS yked m;vnfr,f/ tJ'D wpfuu G u f av;ukd em;vnfoGm;&if ½kyfukd½Icsifwkdfif;½I? 'um? 'umrawG/ ½kyfvkH; oP²mef ykH[ef edrdwf aysmufoGm;vdrfhr,f/ tJ'v D v dk ;Hk &yfoP²mef yk[ H ef edrw d f aysmufomG ;awmhrS ½lyu©Em¨ eJU ywfoufNy;D awmh ouúm,'d|jd yKwfrmS yg/ bmjyKwfrmS vJ/ (ouúm, 'd|jd yKwfygrSm bk&m;)/ uJ - 'Dawmh? a,m*Da[mif;awG uawmh 'Dw&m;bke;f BuD;tjrJwrf; a[mxm;NyD;om;rkUd emzl;NyD;om;/ okUd aomf emzl; xyfro H abmxm;yg/ tJ'aD wmh 'D½yl u©Em¨ onf wjcm;w&m;vm;/ ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;yg bk&m;)/ raeUu ajymNyD;NyD/ ½kyb f ,fEpS yf g;/ 28-yg;/ ½kyb f ,fEpS yf g;/ (28-yg;yg bk&m;)/ 28-yg;ukd bke;f BuD;wkUd tukerf oifEidk b f ;l vkUd ajymxm; NyD;om;yg/ 4-yg;ukd ajymr,f/ b,fEpS yf g;/ (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 4-yg;u pmvkad jymawmh yx0D&,f? tmayg&,f? 0ga,m&,f? awaZm&,f/ b,f ESpyf g;/ (4-yg; ygbk&m;)/ okaYd omf tJ'"D mwf 4-yg; b,frSm&SdwmvJ/ (udk,fhrSm&Sdwmyg bk&m;)/ udkf,fhrSm&Sdwm cGJrxkwfwwfbl;/ ,aeUurÇmrSmu odyÜHynmawG acwfpm;wmuk;d As/ tck a,m*DwUdk ukd "mwfcaJG y;r,faemf/ "mwfcrJG mS u wjcm;enf;eJUcGrJ mS vm;? 0dZÆmenf;eJUcGrJ mS vm;/ (0dZÆmenf;eJU cGrJ mS yg bk&m;)/ 0dZÆmenf;eJU"mwfcw JG m/ 'g bk&m;a[mwm/ tJ'v D dk 0dZÆmenf;eJU "mwf 4-yg;uk"d mwfcw JG t hJ cgrSm OyrmeJU aqmifNyD; a[mawmh yk&d iS ;f ygw,f/ tck a,m*DwUkd a[m'D"r®m½kx H rJ mS jrLrIeaf v; awG&ydS gw,f/ aoaocsmcsm rjrif&bl;/ tckum;awGomG ;r,f? vlawGomG ; r,fq&dk if jrLrIeaf wG r&Sb d ;l vm;/ tJ'jD rLrIeu f dk jrwfpmG bk&m;u &xa& tPkjrLvkUd ac:ygw,f/ bmtPkjrL/ (&xa&tPkjrL)/ wpfv;Hk av;rSwx f m; vku d yf gOD;aemf/ tJ'D &xa&tPkjrLukd tcka,m*DwUkd rsufped UJ jrifw,faygh/ tJ'rD sufped jYJ rifwmukd "r®m½kBH uD;wpfcv k ;Hk rSm ckaewpfvç ESpv f ç ok;H v avmuf wHjrufpnf;rodr;f bJ xm;Munh/f zkeaf wGtrsm;Bu;D jzpfvmvdrrfh ,f/ bmtPkjrLawGv/J (&xa&tPkjrLawG/) tJ'D &xa&tPkjrLawGudk xm;vku d Nf y;D aemf/ uJ 'Dawmhaumif;NyD/ tJ'D &xa&tPkjrLukd ÓmPfjzifh 'um? 'umrawG ykid ;f vku d ?f pdwv f u dk /f 36-pdwf pdww f ,fvYdk pmxJrmS jyw,f/ b,favmufpw d w f ,f/ (36-pdw)f / tJ'aD vmuf ao;i,fwOhJ pöm av;awGukd aea&mifcMH unhv f jYdk rif&wJh &xa&tPkjrLawGudk 36-pdwf pdw&f if tJ'w D pfpw d u f dk jrifEidk yf ghO;D rvm;/ (rjrifEidk yf gbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd jrwfpmG bk&m; u wZÆm&DjrLvdUk ac:w,f/ a,m*DwUkd / bmjrLvkUd ac:wmvJ/ (wZÆm&DjrLyg bk&m;)/ pum;vk;H ESpv f ;Hk &So d mG ;NyD/ yxru &xa&tPkjrL/ 'kwd,u wZÆm&DjrL? wZÆm&DjrLukd ½kd;½kd;rsufpdeJU MunhfvkdU&yghOD;rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ rSeb f v D ;l eJUvnf; Munhv f Udk r&awmhb;l / 'Davmufao;i,fomG ; w,f/ okaYd omf jrwfpmG bk&m; ÓmPfxrJ mS jrifvUdk a[maewmaemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ tJ'aD wmh &xa&tPkjrL&,f/ wZÆm&DjrL&,f/ tJ'D wZÆm&DjrLukd 36-pdwf xyfNyD;awmh pdww f /hJ eHygwfo;Hk tqifh wufomG ;NyD/ 36-pdwf xyfpw d &f if jrifEidk yf gOD;rvm;/ (rjrifEidk yf gbl; bk&m;)/ &xa&tPkjrLawmifryS J tJ'w D pfpw d u f dk rjrif&wmuk/d 'Dwpfpw d u f dk 36-pdwf xyfpw d Of ;D r,fqadk wmh b,fvv dk yk jf rifEidk yf ghO;D rvJ/ tJ'gu tPkjrL wJh 'um? 'umrwk/Yd bmwJv h /J (tPkjrLygbk&m;)? a[m tPkjrLqkad wmh tm;vk;H aom 'um? 'umrawG &if;ES;D oGm;NyD/ tPkjrLqkw d maemf/ [kd - bkef;BuD;wkdYppftwGif;u *syefjynfrSm em*gpmuDwkdU? [D½kd&SD;rm;wkdUrSm csoGm;vkdufwJhAkH;u bmAkH;vJ/ (tPkjrLAk;H ygbk&m;)/ tJ'g ½ky?f ½kyo f wå/d b,favmuf jyif;vJq&dk if tJ'aD vmuf owåjd yif;w,fqadk wmhaemf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;xyfa[mwmu tJ't D PkjrLukd 36-pdwx f yfpw d v f u dk Of ;D wJ/h jrifEidk f p&m&Syd ghrvm;/ b,fvedk nf;eJUrS rjrifEidk af wmhb;l / vlUrsufped UJ vnf; rjrif Ekid af wmhb;l / ewfrsufped UJ vnf; rjrifEidk af wmhb;l / tJ'aD wmh t&Sib f &k m; 123

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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vlUrsufp?d ewfrsufped UJ rjrifbeJ UJ b,fE, S ahf Mumifh jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mvJ/ 'gu bk&m;ÓmPfav/ ÓmPfeUJ omvQif jriftyfwu hJ pd rö Udk vkUd / tJ'D y&rmPkjrL xdawmif jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mcJw h m/ tJ'aD wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;onf [k;d vGecf w hJ UJ ESpaf ygif; 2500-ausmfu tJ'D y&rmPkjrLxdawmif a[mcJNh yD/ uJ? 'Dawmh a,m*DwUdk ÓmPfav; wpfcsuf oGi;f vku d pf rf;yg/ tJ'D y&rmPkjrLqkw d monf wjcm;w&m;vm;/ ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;ygbk&m;)/ ½kyjf zpfaomfvnf; tJ'½D yk u f idk v f Udk &&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if - [kwNf y/D ½kyo f nf ukid v f Udk r&bl;qkad wmh tck ukid v f Ukd &wJ½h yk u f jdk yaewm/ tck bke;f BuD;ykwjf yaewm wjcm;jywmvm;? ½kyjf yae wmvm;/ (½kyjf yaewmygbk&m;)/ cke vufarmif;qkw d mu bmynwf/ (orl[ynwfygbk&m;)/ y&rwfeUJ Munfah wmh tJ'gonf wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;ygbk&m;)/ okaYd omf tck a,m*DwUdk ukd ykwjf yaewm ynwf½yk /f bm½kyv f /J (ynwf½yk yf g bk&m;)/ y&rmPkjrLqkw d w hJ &m;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;/ ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;yg bk&m;)/ tJ'½D yk w f &m;ukd ukid v f Ukd &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ okUd aY omf ukid v f Udk r&bl; ajymjim;aomfvnf; ½kyrf &Sw d mvm;? &Sw d mvm;/ (&Sw d mygbk&m;)/ &Sv d nf; &Sw d ,f/ odvnf; odw,f/ y&rwf½yk af wG/ ÓmPfeUJ omvQif jriftyfw½hJ yk af wG/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ okaYd omf ½kyw f &m;rSeo f rQ ]½kyw Ü w D d ½ly}H / azmufjyefwhJ oabm&Sw d ,f/ cke tPkjrLAk;H xaygufw,fqw dk m wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'½D yk o f nf razmufjyefwmvm;/ azmuf j yef a ewm vm;/ (azmuf j yef a ewmygbk & m;)/ 'gu tjyif a vmu&J U Oyrm a[mwm/ twGi;f Munhv f u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh tjrJwrf; bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG&UJ ½kyw f &m;awGu bmjzpfaewmvJ/ (azmufjyefaewmygbk&m;)/ azmufjyef aeNyD/ uJ - 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ tcke tPkjrLav; jyefNyD;awmh tEkvyHk #dvHk Munhrf ,f/ tJ'D y&rmPkjrLqkw d mu rjrifEidk b f ;l / okaYd omf r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ ÓmPfeUJ omvQif jriftyfw?hJ ÓmPf eJo Y mvQif odtyfwhJ w&m; jzpfw,f/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if tJ'zD ek v f ;kH BuD;[m emrynwfeUJ Munhaf emf/ apmapm wke;f u zket f rIeaf v;awG/ tckpv k u dk af wmh zkev f ;Hk BuD;? zkev f ;Hk BuD;qkw d m oP²meynwf/ yko H P²mef/ apmapmu zkerf eI Uf av;awG/ zkev f ;Hk BuD;awG jzpfNyDqadk wmh emrynwf/ 0dyóem½IvkdU&vm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ emrnfawG ajymif;oGm;NyDaemf/ tJ'D tajymif;tvJqkdwJh ynwfjzpfaomaMumifh ajymvkUd om&w,f/ y&rwftaeeJU 0dyóem ½IvUdk r&/ tJ'aD wmh ckeajymwJh zkev f ;Hk BuD;ukd a,m*DwUkd - pdwu f ;l av;eJUayghaemf? a&xnfv h u dk yf g/ a&qkw d m tmayg/ ckezkeq f w dk mu yx0D/ okjYd zifh yx0Dq&dk if ckeajr"mwfu, dk v l u dk ?f ajrBuD;ukrd ,leUJ / ajr"mwfudk ,l&r,faemf/ ajrBuD;ukjd rif&rSmvm;? ajr"mwf ukd ,l&rSmvm;/ (ajr"mwfu, dk &l rSmygbk&m;)/ cke y&rmPkjrL xdatmif bk&m;a[mxm;w,f/ ukid v f Udk r&bl;aemf/ÓmPfeUJ omvQif jrif&w,f/ ukid v f Udk &vkUd &S&d if 'um? 'umrawGu ½kyMf urf;BuD;awGyaJ emf/ tJ'½D yk Mf urf;BuD;ukd 'um? 'umrawG 0dyóem½IvUdk r&bl;/ ,ck ajymaewmu ÓmPfeUJ omvQif jriftyfwhJ ½kyfaygh/ tJ'Dawmh ckeajymwJh &THUwkH;BuD;xJudk a&avmif;vkdufvkdU&Sd&if a[m - e,fvdkufawmh zkefvkH;BuD;u &TUH wk;H BuD;jzpfomG ;Ny/D emrnfajymif;oGm;Ny;D apmapmu zkev f ;Hk BuD;? ,ck &TUH wk;H BuD;/ tJ'&D UHT wk;H BuD;xJrmS zkerf eI Uf av;awGonf wpfcw k nf;vm;? trsm;BuD;vm;/ (trsm;BuD;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh zkerf eI Uf av;awG wpfcek UJ wpfck Mum;rSm tmumo"mwfawG r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ uvmyfpnf; wpfcek UJ wpfcMk um;rSm tmumo"mwfawG r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ 0ga,mu 6-rsdK;awmif&w dS m/ bke;f BuD; olUtcef;a&mufawmh ajymr,f ayghaemf/ tJ'x D rJ mS avawG r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh tJ'D &TUH wk;H BuD;xJrmS cke&TUH awGqw dk hJ yx0D? a&qkw d m xnfv h u kd w f hJ tcgusawmh tmayg/ pmvkd tmayg/ jrefrmvkq d w dk m a&/ cke uvmyfwpfcek UJ wpfcMk um;rSm &Sw d muav/ 'DrmS ylrI at;rI urD;? "mwfb,fEpS yf g;/ (av;yg;)/ [kwNf y/D tJ'rD mS "mwfav;yg; a,m*DwUdk xk;d azmufjrifvu dk /f tJ'&D UHT wk;H BuD;udk jrif&rSmvm;/ "mwfav;yg;ukd jrif&rSmvm;/ ("mwfav;yg; jrif&rSmygbk&m;)./ 'Dawmh &THUwkH;BuD;u ynwf? "mwfav;yg;u y&rwf/ qkyd g/ (&TUH wk;H BuD;u ynwf? "mwfav;yg;u y&rwf)/ y&rwfudk 0dyóem½IrmS / 124

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tJ'aD wmh - &TUH wk;H BuD; ½I&rSmvm;? 'Dae&mrSm "mwfav;yg;½I&rSm vm;/ ("mwfav;yg; ½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'aD wmh - aumif;NyD/ "mwfav;yg; pka0;wJh &TUH wk;H BuD;ukd yef;ykq&maumif;aumif;eJU t½kyv f yk f vkdufNyD/ a,musfm;ykHoP²mef? rdef;rykHoP²mef xm;aemf/ tJ'Dvkd t½kyfxk vkdufwJhtcgusawmh yef;ykq&mu ol&UJ vufprG ;f jyNyaD emf/ 'Dawmh t½kyaf wG trsm;BuD;xkvu dk w f t hJ cgusawmh? yef;ykq&mu acG;yko H @mefx&k if a,m*DwUdk tJ'g bmac:rvJ/ acG;/ vlykHoP²mefxk&if vl/ vlrSmvnf; a,musfm; ykHoP²mef xkawmh a,musfm;/ rde;f ryko H P²mefxak wmh rde;f r/ tJ'v D jdk zif&h if ewfy² o Hk mef P Munfv h u dk af wmh ewf/ tJ'D tac:ta0:u wjcm;tac: ta0:awGvm;/ ynwfawGvm;/ (ynwfawGygbk&m;)/ okjYd zifh ynwfudk a,m*DwUkd 'Davmufqdk awmfawmfav; oabmaygufomG ;NyD/ aMomf - vufpowf vlqw dk mvnf; 'D&UHT wk;H BuD;u vkyw f myJ/ ewfqw dk mvnf; 'D&UHT wk;H BuD;u vkyw f myJ? acG;qkw d mvnf; 'D&UHT wk;H BuD;u vkyw f myJ/ ynwf taeeJU Munhv f u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh acG;u acG;tqif?h a,musfm;u a,mufsm; tqif?h rde;f ru rde;f rtqif?h ewfu ewftqif?h jA[®mu jA[®mtqif?h olyY nwfrmS olUae&meJUolU tac:ta0:eJU olUtqifeh UJ r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ ÓmPf pcef;0ifvmNyD/ tJ'aD wmh ynwfeUJ Munfv h u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh tqift h wef; r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ uJ - a,m*DwUkd tck0yd óem onf bmuk½d /I (y&rwfu½dk yI gw,fb&k m;)/ y&rwftaeeJUMunhv f u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh ynwfudk jyefajymMuOD;/ tJ'v D al wG onfvnf; wjcm;vm;? &TUH wk;H BuD;vm;/ (&TUH wk;H BuD;ygbk&m;)/ ewfonfvnf;yJ &TUH wk;H BuD;? &TUH wk;H BuD;qkw d m ynwfyJ &Sad o;w,f/ okUd aomf tJ'D &TUH wk;H BuD;ukd Munfah wmh &TUH wk;H BuD;vkUd jrif&rSmvm;? y&rwfvUdk jrif& rSmvm;/ (y&rwfvUdk jrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ "mwfav;yg;/ "mwfav;yg;/ &TUH wk;H BuD;vkUd jrif&rSmvm;? "mwfav;yg; jrif&rSmvm;/ tJ'D "mwfav;yg;rSm cke ajymwJh yx0D&,f? tmayg&,f? 0ga,m&,f? awaZm&,f/ 'g - bke;f BuD; u ygVdawmftwkid ;f &Gwjf yaewm/ jrefrmvkjd yefwt hJ cgusawmh ajr? a&? av? rD; b,fEpS cf /k (av;ckygbk&m;)/ ajr? a&? av? rD;/ [kwNf yD/ tJ'D awmh - cke&TUH wk;H BuD;xJrmS "mwfb,fEpS cf /k (av;ckygbk&m;)/ jrefrmvkad jym (ajr? a&? av? rD;)/ tJ'"D mwfav;yg;ukd bmw&m;ac:vJ/ ½kyw f &m;/ "mwfav;yg;ukd bmac:vJ/ (½kyw f &m;ygbk&m;)/ aumif;NyD/ cke - 'Dvjdk zih&f if orl[ynwfqw dk m acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf qkad wmh a,musfm;qkad wmh a,musfm;&JUt*Fg&yfawG? qHzsm;uae ajczsm;xd olUt*FgawG xnfv h u dk af wmh 'ga,musfm;yJ/ arG;uwnf;uae orkwv f u dk Nf y/D rde;f rusawmhvnf; rde;f rt*Fg&yfawG qHzsm;uae ajczsm;? olUt*FgawGpaHk wmh 'g-rde;f ryJ? rajymbl;vm;/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if rde;f rvnf;yJ "mwfav;yg;yJ/ a,musmf ;vnf;yJ ("mwfav;yg;ygyJ)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if y&rwfeUJ Munfw h t hJ cgusawmh a,mufsm;? rde;f r&S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ bmukjd rifvUdk / ("mwfav;yg;ukd jrifvUdk ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh tJ'"D mwfav;yg;onf tjcm; w&m;vm;/ ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;ygbk&m;)/ a[m-'um? 'umrawG ½kyu f dk jrifvu dk Nf yDqu dk wnf;u ouúm,'d|rd aobl;vm;/ (aoygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'½D yk u f dk rjrifwt hJ cg usawmh igxifvu dk Nf yD/ wjcm;vm;/ 'd|v d m;/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/ ouúm,eJU 'd|deJUaygif;/ (ouúm,'d|dyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D ouúm,'d|djzpfwm bmukdrjrifvkdU/ (½kyu f rkd jrifvUdk ygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh ,ck a,m*D wku Yd dk ½kyu f dk aoaocsmcsm Ceacsvku d af omtcg [m-wpfu, dk v f ;Hk wpfxnfv;Hk a,musfm; rde;f r yk*Kd¾ vfowå0gbmrSr&Sdbl;a[./ ½kyfw&m;yJ &Sdw,f/ rjrifbl;vm;(jrifygw,f)/

w½k w f B uD ; igpG J j zKwf o vd k uJ - tJ'½D yk w f &m;ukd bke;f BuD;wkUd ÓmPfeUJ Munhrf ,f/ ÓmPfeUJ Munhf awmh tck w&m;xkid w f t hJ cgrSm tEkyóem 4-yg; &Sw d ,f/ b,fEpS yf g;vJ/ (4-yg;yg bk&m;)/ um,mEkyóem? a0'emEkyóem? pdwåmEkyóem? "r®mEkyóem/ BudKufwm½I a,m*DwkdUaemf/ BudKufwm ½Iawmh/ ½kyf½I&if um,mEkyóemaygh/ cHpm;wm½I&if a0'emEkyóem/ ay:wJhpdwfukd½I&if pdw åmEkyóem/ onmu©E¨meJU ocFg&u©E¨m ½Iwm "r®mEkyóem/ um,mEkyóemeJU ½lyu©Em¨ uk½d w I ,f/ a0'emEkyóemeJU a0'emu©Em¨ ukd ½Iw,f/ pdwmå EkyóemeJU 0dnmPu©Em¨ ukd 125

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t0d k i f ; ajy;oH o &m tJ'gaMumifhrkdU tJ'g wjcm;em;rvnfvkdUvm;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnf vkdUvm;/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fem;rvnfvyYdk gbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;vnf Ekid zf Udk twGuf eHygwfwpf y&d,wfomoemonf wjcm;wm0ef v m;/ q&mh wm0ef v m;/ (q&mh w m0ef y gbk & m;)/ em;vnf a tmif ajymay;zk d U wm0ef a ygh / em;vnfatmifajymay;vkUd em;vnfomG ;&if a,m*DwUdk 'Dwidk ;f raeygeJU/ usifyh g/ bmvky&f rvJ/ (usif&h rSmygbk&m;)/ usifo h musif/h trav; bk&m;wynfah wmfwUdk usifah ewm wpfEpS &f NdS yD? ESpEf pS &f NdS yD? ok;H ESp&f NdS yD? bmrSrjrifygvm;/ tJ'g uk, d u hf pd rö [kwb f ;l / xnfrh ajymeJU/ ud, k t hf aMumif; wpfcrk S rygbl;aemf/ bke;f BuD;wkUd a,m*DwUdk &JUudpu ö 'Dtwkid ;f usifh ygqkd tJ't D wkid ;f usifo h mG ;/ okaYd omf ta&;BuD;qk;H u enf;vrf; pnf;urf; rSezf Udk ta&;BuD;w,f/ tJ-'gaMumifh q&maumif;eJUawGUygapvkdU bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG aumif;rIukodkvfvkyfwkdif;vnf; 141

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qkawmif;&ygw,f/ bke;f BuD;urawmif;eJUqdak omfvnf; ckawmhawmif;ygvdUk ajymjyefNyD/ 'guawmh awmif;&rSmayghAsm r[kwb f ;l vm;/ tJ'aD wmh q&maumif;eJUawGUvkUd &S&d if qufawmif;OD;rSmvm;? tvkyv f yk &f rSmvm;/ (tvkyv f yk &f rSmyg bk&m;)/ wu,f a wmh ,ck a,m*D w d k U ½I & rS m u bm½I & rS m vJ / (0d y óemyg bk & m;)/ 0d y óemqk d & if ypöKyÜew f nfw h nfch E¨m(0g) y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fcE¨mud½k &I r,f/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fcE¨mqkad wmh jAKef;ceJ 'Dw&m;awGremzl;? ravhvm zl;wJo h q l adk wmh bmwke;f y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fcE¨m/ rylygeJU/ tm,mwe&,f wGJ oif&rSmaygh/ tck y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f&UJ eHygwfEpS f tuGux f rJ mS tv,faumifrmS oVm,we r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ oVm,we&Sdw,f/ 'gu roifvkdUukd r&bl;/ ta&;BuD;qkH;udpövkdY ajymvkdU&w,f/ bmjzpfvkdUvJqkdawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f wGif oHo&y#dpöorkyÜg'f? cE¨y#dpöorkyÜg'fvkdY cGJjcm;odzkdUvkdygw,f/ oHo& y#d p ö o rk y Ü g 'f u wjcm;upwmvm;? t0d Z Æ m upwmvm;/ (t0d Z Æ m u pwmygbk & m;)/ cE¨ y #d p ö o rk y Ü g 'f u oVm,weupw,f/ 'g ypöKyÜerf mS oVm,weu pw,f/ t0dZÆmu pcJw h mu y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f&UJ a'oemt& twdwrf v Ykd Ykd NyD;cJNh yDaemf/ ypöKyÜerf mS a[m'D oVm,wejzpfwikd ;f jzpfwikd ;f t0dZmÆ awG wPSmawG jyefjyef0ifwmayghaemf [kwv f m;/ 'gaMumifh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd bk&m;ud, k w f ikd ef nf;aygif;pHek aYJ [mwm/ enf;aygif;pHek UJ a[mcJv h Ykd t|uxmq&mawmif olU&JUÓmPfawmf wk[ Yd m ork'´&mtv,faumifrmS qif;wJh ,keo f il ,fvkd jzpfomG ;w,fqw kd m ÓmPfrrD awmhb;l / us,f0ef;vGe;f vdYk a,m*Dw/Ykd &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ 'Dawmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f jrwfpmG bk&m; ud, k af wmfjrwfBuD; t0dZÆmu azmuf a [moG m ;wm vnf ; a[moG m ;wmyJ / ocF g &uae azmuf a [moG m ;wm&S d w ,f / 0d n mPf uae azmufa[moGm;wm&Sdw,f/ emrf½kyfuaea[mw,f/ oVm,weuae a[mw,f/ zóuaea[mw,f/ trsdK;rsdK;enf;aygif;pHek YJ a[mw,f/ uJ 'Dawmh ud, k ef YJ ywfoufwhJ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd p&r,fqakd wmh b,fup/ (oVm,weu p&rSmygbk&m;)/ q-tm,we/ bmwJv h /J (q-tm,weygbk&m;)/ o onf qayghaemf-[kwv f m;/ q-onf jrefrmvdu k ajcmuf/ tm,weqkdwmu tdrf? pu©Kyom' aewJhtdrf? aomwyom aewJhtdrf ponfaygh/ 6-rsdK;/ pu©Kyom'aetdrq f v dk Ydk pu©K- rsufpu d wjcm;? tdru f wjcm;vkUd rrSwef UJ / pu©Kyom'qkw d hJ rsufpt d Munf"mwf uav;ukyd if tdrv f Udk ajymwm/ pmvku d pu©Kar0 pu©m,weHw/hJ 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ ,aeYbek ;f BuD;wkUd cE¨m&,f? tm,we&,f wGo J ifr,faemf/ cE¨ m eJ U tm,weuk d wG J o if & r,f q k d a wmh a[m'D e H y gwf E S p f tuG u f xJ u oVm,weuk d axmufa[mw,fvdkU,lyg/ eHygwfESpf wpfuGufvkH;onf opömeJUMunhfawmh bmopömygvdrfh. ('ku©opömyg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh taMumif; opömvm;? tusdK;opömawGvm;/ (tusdK;opömawGyg bk&m;)/ 'DrmS wef; ajymvkUd &w,f/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fudk rsufpx d rJ mS jrifaeatmif Munhx f m;&if aMomf- oVm,weqkw d mu 'kuo © pöm/ tusdK;opöm/ ypöKyÜeu f mvrSm jzpfwmaemf/ 'gav;awGudk puf0idk ;f a'oemu a,m*DwUdk ukd wef;Ny;D awmh tultnDay;aeygw,faemf/ taxmuftyHjh yKaeygw,f/ tJ'aD wmh 'Dw&m; awG[m ,cka[maewm? ,ckem;axmifaewmu y&d,wfomoemyg/ a[m - emaewmu (y&d,wfomoem)/ 'Dvjdk zifh tJ'D y&d,wfomoemu wjcm;vkyw f mvm;? oifwmvm;/ (oifwmyg bk&m;)/ y#dywfomoemu jrifatmif tm;xkw&f r,f/ y&d,wf omoemu oifwm/ y#dywfomoem u jrifatmif tm;xkww f m/ uJ - 'Dawmh y&d,wfomoemeJUoif&r,fq&dk if tm,werSm wpfq,hEf pS yf g; &Sw d ,f/ tm,we b,fEpS yf g;/ (12-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 12-yg;rSm twGi;f 6? tjyif 6 'Dvrdk w S yf g/ twGi;f tm,weu 6-yg;/ tjyiftm,weu 6-yg;/ 'DaeU tm,weqkw d hJ pum;vk;H av; wk;d vmNyD/ vlb Y 0 a&mufvmw,f/ bke;f BuD;wkUd 'um? 'umrawG wjcm;upwmvm;? y#doaE¨upwmvm;/ (y#doaE¨u pwmyg bk&m;)/ Zmwd/ y#doaE¨qw dk m bmac:ygvdr/fh 142

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(Zmwd)/ ZmwdNyD; bmvmrvJ/ (Z&m)/ 'DrmS ykaH v;eJUjy awmh yk&d iS ;f wmaygh/ vlb Y 0ukpd wm wjcm;upwmvm;?

Zmwdu pwmvm;/ (Zmwdupwmygbk&m;)? Zmwd&vmawmh 'Dtwkdif;NyD;oGm;wmvm;/ Z&m vmwmvm;/ (Z&mvmwmygbk&m;)/ Z&m vmawmh 'Dwidk ;f &yfomG ;wm vm;? Asm"dvmwmvm;/ (Asm"dvmwmygbk&m;)/ Asm"dvmawmh NyD;oGm;wm vm;? r&Pvmwmvm;/ (r&Pvmwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if vlUb0&JUtESpfudkcsKyfvkduf&if 4-rsdK;xGufvmw,f/ b,fESpfrsdK;vJ/ (4-rsdK;)/ Zmwd? Z&m?

Asm"d? r&P/ tJ'gu vlyjJ zpfjzpf? ewfyjJ zpfjzpf? jA[®myJjzpfjzpf cE¨m&Sw d yhJ *k Kd¾ vfwidk ;f yk*Kd¾ vfwidk ;f &JUoGm;&r,fh vrf;pOfu 'D 4-rsdK; oGm;aew,f/ obm0'ku© 4-rsdK;vkdU ac:w,f/ bmawGvJ/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/ tJ'gu ,aeYbek ;f BuD;wkUd a,m*DawG tm;vk;H vlUb0rSm &ifqidk &f r,fu h pd aö wGy/J 'D 4-csufyJ &Sw d ,faygh/ tJ'gonf wjcm;vm;/ oHo&mvm;/ (oHo&mygbk&m;)/ tJ'gu vlUb0a&mufwt hJ cg vlUoHo&maygh/ uJ-'Dawmhaumif;NyD/ ,aeYbk&m;awGwnfvkdU? ausmif;awG aqmufvkdU? qGrf;awGuyfvkdU aumif;rIukokdvf'geawGjyKvkyf? oDvawG aqmufwnfvUdk qkw d m tJ'u D o k v dk af umif;rIeUJ ao&if 'um? 'umrawG ryleUJ / aocsmayguf ewfjynfuawmh a&mufNyD;om;/ ra&mufb;l vm;/ (a&mufygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ ' D a wmh aocsmayguf e wf j ynf a &muf w ,f q k d a wmh raumif ; wJ h a e&ma&muf w mvm;? aumif;wJah e&ma&mufwmvm;/ (aumif;wJah e&m a&mufygw,fb&k m;)/ aumif;wJah e&m b,forl S rvkcd siw f o hJ rl &Syd gbl;/ aumif;wJh ae&ma&mufzUdk twGuu f dk bke;f BuD;wkUd wpfawG aumif;wJt h vkyaf wG rvky&f bl;vm;/ aumif;wJt h vkyq f w dk m 'gew&m;awG? oDvw&m;awG[m 'g-aumif;wJt h vkyaf wGygyJ/ tJ'aD umif;wJt h vkyv f yk w f yhJ *k Kd¾ vfonf tyg,f usoG m ;rS m vm;? ok * wd a &muf o G m ;rS m vm;/ (ok * wd a &muf o G m ;rS m ygbk & m;)/ tJ - ok * wd e wf b k H e wf e ef ; a&mufomG ;aomfvnf;yJ ewfvnf;yJ wjcm;u pwmvm;? Zmwdu pwmvm;/ (Zmwdupwmygbk&m;)/ ewfvnf;yJ cke vlawGvo dk m t&G,Bf uD;vkUd yg;a&wGeUf NyD; qHyifawGjzLNyD;awmh cg;awG ukid ;f omrvmw,faygh/ Z&mr&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ Asm"dr&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ ewfvnf;yJ aemuf wjcm;jzpfwmvm;? aowmvm;/ (aowmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if vlvnf;yJ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P&So d vk?d ewfvnf;yJ (Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P &Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ vlawGvdkom apmapmu ajymovdkyJ cg;BuD;awGudkif;vmwm? rsufpdawGrGJvmwm? qHyifawGjzLvmwm yg;a&awGweG Uf vmwm? 'Dvrkd sKd;om r&Sw d ,f/ ewfvnf;yJ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&PygyJ/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P &Sw d t hJ wGuaf Mumifrh v Ykd Ykd wjcm; jzpfwmvm;? aowmvm; (aowmygbk&m;)/ aooGm;wmygyJ/ uJ--'Dvjkd zif&h if jA[®musawmh taovGwyf ghrvm;/ (rvGwyf gbl;)/ vlUjynfuae tmaeOÆmbdocFg&aemf/ 'Dawmh t0dZÆm ypö,m? ocFg&? ocFg& ypö,m 0dÓmPf/ tJ'aD wmh psmefw&m;awG tm;xkwv f Ykd 'Db0rSm ajrvQdK; rdk;ysHoGm; 'um? 'umrawGaemf/ aovdkY psmefeJUao&if wjcm;a&mufrSmvm;? jA[®mjynfa&mufrSmvm;/ (jA[®mjynfa&mufrSmygbk&m;)/ wpfcgwnf; Moyygwdu y#doaE¨tm;jzifh wpfcgwnf; bGm;ueJ jA[®mjynfrSm oGm;NyD; awmh ray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dawmh ewfawGusawmh 'um? 'umrawG [drk mS bGm;ceJqNkd yD; oGm;NyD;rjzpfb;l vm;/ Moyygwdu y#doaE¨vYkd ac:ygw,f? [kwv f m;/ tJ'aD wmh tJ'v D kd jA[®mBuD;awG oGm;NyD;awmh jzpfvu kd f wmeJU wpfNyKd ifeuf jA[®mvnf;yJ wjcm;upwmvm;/ Zmwdupwmvm;/ (Zmwdupwmygbk&m;)/ ZmwdNy;D awmh bmvmrvJ/ (Z&m)/ Z&mNyD;awmh (Asm"d)/ Asm"dNyD;awmh (r&P)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if 31-bHrk mS jzpforQ vl&,f? ewf&,f? jA[®m&,f 'g-bke;f BuD;u txufbu kH akd jymjyw,faygh/ txufbu kH jkd ywJyh *k Kd¾ vfawG tESpMf unfv h u kd af wmh ewfjzpfawmhvnf;yJ Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P/ jA[®m jzpfawmhvnf; Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P/ uJ- 'Dawmh jA[®mjynfw0if;0if;? 0ufpm usif;rSmw½HUI ½HUI qdw k phJ um;&Sw d ,f/ r&Sb d ;l vm; (&Syd gw,f)/ opömrod bJeUJ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fem;rvnfbeJ UJ qd&k if 'd|rd jyKwfb;l / 'd|rd jyKwfbeJ UJ 'geawG vkyv f &Ykd &dS if 'um? 'umrawG ok*wd ra&mufb;l vm;/ ewfjzpfygw,f/ 'd|rd jyKwfbeJ UJ psmefw&m;awG tm;xkwv f &Ykd &dS if jA[®m rjzpfb;l vm;/ jA[®m jzpfygw,f/ 143

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odaYk omfvnf;yJjA[®mjzpfjim;aomfvnf;yJ 'd|rd jyKwfawmh olU&ifxrJ mS rsdK;aphygoGm;w,f/ wjcm;rsdK;aphvm;? i&JrsdK;aphvm;/ (i&JrsdK;aphygbk&m;)/ tJ'rD sdK;aphygoGm;awmh jA[®moufwrf;vnf;ukeaf &m vlUjynfjyefra&muf bl;vm;/ vljY ynfuae wd&pämef jyefrjzpfb;l vm;/ a[m- wd&pämef jzpfawmh vnf;yJ b,fup/ Zmwdupw,f/ Zmwd NyD;awmh Z&m/ Z&m NyD;awmh Asm"d/ Asm"dNyD;awmh r&P/ 'Dawmh 'um? 'umrawG b0wpfckvkH;rSm i&Jjynfa&mufawmhvnf;yJ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/ Nydwåmjynf a&mufawmh vnf;yJ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&Pqkad wmh tJ'v D t dk 0kid ;f BuD;rSm rajy;bl;vm;/ bke;f BuD;u 'DrmS t0kid ;f 0kid ;f jyvkUd r&vkUd / cHu k t&Snjf zpfaew,f/ uJ - ckawmh t0kdif;r0kdif;awmhbl;/ t&Snf0kdif; jzpfaeNyDaemf/ 'Dawmh ÓmPfeJUom qifhMunfhvkduf&if t0kid ;f ajy;rajy;bl;vm;/ t0kid ;f ajy; ajy;wm bmawGajy; aewmvJ/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/jA[®mjzpfawmh vnf; Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/ tyg,fa&mufawmhvnf; Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/ uJ - 'Dawmh 31-bkrH mS cE¨m&orQ tESpfubmawGvJ/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/ tJ'g oHo&mygyJ a,m*DwkdU/ bkef;BuD;wkdU 31bkHrSvnfwJh oHo&mu 'gygyJ/ oHo&mvnfw,f/ oHo&mvnfw,fqkdwm b,fvkdvJ/ tvkH; BuD;vm;/ t0kid ;f BuD;vm;/ bmrSwu G rf aeeJU/ 'gtwkid ;f om a,m*DwYdk jrifxm; vku d &f if oabmaygufomG ;NyDaygh/

rsuf p d u d k j rif a tmif M unf h 'Dvdk oHo&mawG vnfvYdk cE¨m 5-yg; ½kyef mrfw&m; awG&Mu/ ½kyef mrf&adS wmh emr½lyypö,m oVm,weH qkad wmh rsufpu d vnf;jrifp&m&Sd jrifvUdk ? em;uvnf; Mum;p&m&Sd Mum;vkUd qkad wmh q-tm,weac:wJh tm,we 6-yg;rjzpfb;l vm;/ jrifw,f Mum;w,fqadk wmh bmw&m;ygvdr/hf (q-tm,wew&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh twGi;f 6? tjyif-6 qdak wmh? twGi;f -6 u (1) pu©m,we (2) aomwm,we (3) Cmem,we (4) Zd0mS ,we (5) um,m,we (6) rem,we pu©m,we qdw k mu rsupf /d (pu©m,we qdw k m rsupf yd gbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh bke;f BuD;wdYk q&morm;rsm; i,fi,f uav;b0u oifxm;wmav;oGm;NyD; owd&w,f/ rsufpdav;yg; oabmtMunfjrif½kyfu jrifodEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdYa&mufatmif zGJUpnf;vdkYay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;u pu©m,we rsufpd ykHoP P²²mef mefoabmygwJh/ wjcm;pcef;yGaJ wGrmS bke;f BuD; 'gudk arharhaevdYk rqdrk b d ;l / tckomG ; owd&vdaYk emf/ pu©m,weeJU ywfoufvu Ykd a,m*DwYkd qdMk unf/h 'gbke;f BuD; wdYk i,fi,fwnf;u q&morm;oifay;wm oGm;owd&w,faemf/ ajymr,f MuH arhawmifomG ;jyefNyD/ owd&NyD/ uJ - uJ vku d q f /kd em;av;yg; oabm Mum;½kyfu Mum;odEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdY a&mufatmif zGJUpnf;vdkY ay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;u aomwm,we em;yHkoP P²²mef mefoabmyg/ 144

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(tv,fvrf;ygbk&m;)/ rZösrd y#dy'gvrf; ac:yg w,f/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'D rZösrd y#dy'gvrf;ac:wJh 'Dae&mrSm pm;wmawG? oGm;wmawG? aewmawG? xkid w f mawG? 0wfwmawG tukev f ;Hk 'Doifwef;u oGm;&awmhrmS uk;d / bk&m;uk, d af wmf jrwfBuD; 'Dvu dk sifv h Udk bk&m;jzpfawmfrl ovkd 'DaeU bke;f BuD;wkUd &JU 'um? 'umrawGvnf; 'Doifwef;ukd emNyD;awmh 'Dwidk ;f bmvky&f rvJ/ usifph rf;yg/ reuftm;xkw&f if nae&w,f/ okaYd omf >cif;csufawmh&w dS ,f/ udavom Mum;rckad peJU/ udavomMum;ckad e&if wpfoufv;Hk usifv h Ukd &ygOD;rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ 'gaMumifrh Udk vkUd rem;r&yf? Mum;rjywf? ½IrSwf jrJ&rnf/ 'D a qmif y k ' f u av;awmh vuf u k d i f x m;yg/ rem;r&yf ? Mum;rjywf ? ½I r S w f j rJ & rnf / tJ ' D a wmh tckw&m;tm;xkww f t hJ cgrSm em;vkUd r&bl;aemf/ bke;f BuD;raeUu ajymcJw h ,f/ ttm;aejcif;? tvum;aejcif;onf rw&m;aejcif; jzpfonf/ tJ'aD wmh em;aew,fq&kd if 'Dy*k Kd¾ vf r*fwm; zkv d w f m; jzpfomG ;NyD/ bmjzpfvUdk vJ qkad wmh udavom 0ifomG ;vkUd / tJawmh tm;xkww f t hJ cgrSm rem;r&yf? Mum;rjywf? ½Irw S jf rJ&rnf qkad wmh tJ'v D dk NrJNrJtm;xkw&f if? reuftm;xkwf&if nae&r,f/ aumif;NyD? 'Dawmh b,fvkdenf;eJU tm;xkwf&rvJ qkdawmh 'DrSm a,m*DwdkU cE¨m&JUjzpfpOfawGukd od&rSmaygh/ cE¨m&JUjzpfpOfukd oifwJhtcg rSm oVm,we = q - tm,we qkdawmh tm,we 12-yg; r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ twGi;f b,fEpS yf g;/ (6-yg;)/ tjyif (6-yg;)/ twGi;f 6-yg;u (1) pu©m,we (2) aomwm,we (3) Cmem,we (4) Zd0gS ,we (5) um,m,we (6) rem,we tJ'aD wmh pu©m,we qkw d mu rsufp/d aomwm,we qkw d m em;/ Cmem,we = ESmacgif;/ Zd0gS ,we = vQm/ um,m,we = uk, d /f rem,we = pdw/f tJ'aD wmh cke Zd0gS ,weqkw d m[m vQmukd ajymwmaygh/ vQmqdw k m[m wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;yg bk&m;)/ [krd mS &TUH wH;k BuD; Oyrmay;xm;w,faygh/ odaYk omf tJ'v D Qmzsm;BuD; wpfcv k ;kH udk r,lygeJU/ vQm&JU tv,faumifrmS anmif&u G o f P²mef&w dS hJ t&omudo k Ed ikd af om cHpm;Edik af om tJ't D Munf"mwfuav;onf Zd0gS yom'? vQmtMunfvYkd ac:ygw,f/ Zd0gS qdw k m 0dyguf½yk af yghaemf/ 0dyguf½yk jf zpfwhJ tusKd;½kyjf zpfwhJ Zd0gS onf ½kyw f &m;vdYk odomG ;NyDaygh/ uJ- 'Dawmh um,m,we qkw d mu ud, k t f MunfvaYkd c:ygw,f/ bmtMunfv/J (ud, k t f Munfyg bk&m;)/ qHzsm;uaeajczsm;udk Munfhvdkuf &if wpfukd,fvHk; wpfxnfvHk;rSm tMunf"mwf&Sdygw,f/ tMunf"mwf r&SdwJhae&muawmh a,m*DwdkY rSwfxm;&rSmu qHzsm;u tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;/ qHyifrSm tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;/ ajconf;vufonf; tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;aemf/ 'Dawmh temaz;awG tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;/ tMunf"mwf r&Sw d ahJ e&mawGaygh [kwv f m;/ tJ'aD wmh qHyifujkd zwfvYkd rembl;aygh/ temaygufvYkd tem az;av;wufaevd&Yk &dS if cGm&if remEdik b f ;l ayghaemf/ tJ'aD e&mwGif tMunf "mwfr&Sb d ;l usefwhJ wpfu, kd v f ;kH ? wpfxnfv;kH rSm tMunf"mwf onf ysUH Ny;D awmhaeygw,f/ 'gudk vufawGUprf;Munf&h if vufrudk tomav; tyfuav;eJUaxmufMunf/h rembl;vm;/ (emygw,f)/ vufnKd§ ; axmufMunf&h ifvnf; (emygw,f)/ ajcaxmuf axmufMunf&h ifvnf; (emygw,f)/ acgif;axmuf Munf&h ifvnf; (emygw,f)/ wpfu, kd v f ;kH 'Dvo kd ad ewm? emaewmonf tJ'g um,yom' tMunf = ud, k t f Munf vdaYk c:ygw,f/ tJ'D ud, k t f Munfonf emrfw&m;vm;? ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;ygbk&m;)/ ½kyw f &m;yJ/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if ,ck rsufpdtMunf? em;tMunf? ESmacgif;tMunf? vQmtMunf/ tJ'DtMunfawG[m ½kyfawG/ bmwJhvJ/ (½kyaf wGygbk&m;)/ [du k raemtMunfqw kd mu pdwu f sawmh emrfaygh/ 148

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'DypHk u H dk a,musfm;vkUd ac:wm/ tJ'gu jrefrmvlrsdK;awGu jrefrmpum;eJUaygh? t*Fvyd u f sawmh t*Fvyd pf um;eJU? ukvm;usawmh ukvm;pum;eJU olYpum; eJUolr&Sdbl;vm;/ olUvlrsdK;eJU olUbmomwkdif;eJU ac:wm/ 'gawGu ynwfw&m;awG/ ynwfqw dk mu ac:vkUd ajymvkUd &½kaH v; rSew f maemf/ wu,ft h rSerf [kwaf o;bl;/ wu,ftrSeo f nf wu,f&w dS t hJ rSeo f nf wjcm;vm;/ ½kyef mrfvm;/ (½kyef mrfygbk&m;)/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ 'Dvjdk zifh rsufpo d nf bmw&m;/ (½kyw f &m;)/ em;onf (½kyw f &m;)/ ESmacgif;onf (½kyw f &m;)? vQm (½kyw f &m;)? uk, d f (½kyw f &m;)? pdwf (emrfw&m;)/ aygif;vku d af wmh bmeJUbm/ (½kyef UJ emrf)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if tJ'D oVm,weqkw d hJ tm,we 6-yg;onf cGv J u dk af wmh ½kyef UJ emrfqadk wmh/ tJ'D ½kyef UJ emrfu rxif&mS ;wJw h &m;vm;? xif&mS ;wJw h &m;vm;/ (xif&mS ;wJh w&m;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dtm,weukd ykid ;f ykid ;f jcm;jcm; odjyef&ifvnf; aMomf tm,wew&m;yJ/ ½kyef UJ emrfw&m;yJ/ bmukyd J odo?d tuket f usHK;0if NyD;om;aemf/ 'Dawmh tm,wew&m;ukd odvu dk &f ifvnf;yJ a,mufsm;? rde;f r &SmvkdUr&awmhbl;/ yk*¾dKvfowå0g &SmvkdU&ao;&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ rsufpdxJrSm a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf owå0g&S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;)/ em;xJrmS vnf; (r&Syd gbl;)/ ESmacgif;xJrmS (r&Syd gbl;)/ vQmxJrmS (r&Syd gbl;)/ uk, d x f rJ mS (r&Syd gbl;)/ r&Sb d ;l / olt Y Munf"mwfawGeUJ oly&J w dS ,f/ a,musfm;? rde;f r? yk*Kd¾ vf? owå0g &Su d rdk &Sb d ;l / 'Dvjdk zif&h if a,musfm;? rde;f r? yk*Kd¾ vf? owå0g r&Sb d ;l vkUd jrifwmonf wjcm;jrifvUdk vm;/ ½kyjf rifvUdk vm;/ (½kyjf rifvUkd yg bk&m;)/ rsufp½d yk ?f em;½ky?f ESmacgif;½ky?f vQm½ky?f uk, d ½f yk /f tJ'½D yk Bf uD;ukd jrifwt hJ cgusawmh a,mufsm; rde;f r wpfcrk v S nf; rygbl;/ avmu orkwd ynwftaeeJUom wifpm;NyD; a,mufsm;&,f rde;f r&,f? taz tar&,f? om;&,f? orD;&,f? ZeD;&,f? cifyeG ;f &,f ajymMuaomfvnf; wu,fo h abm Munfv h u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh &S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ r&Sb d ;l vkYd jrifwmonf wjcm;jrifwmvm;/ trSejf rifwmvm;/ (trSejf rifwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'v D dk r&Sb d ;l vkjdY rifwm wjcm;jrifwmvm;/ ½kyu f jdk rifvUdk vm;/ (½kyu f jdk rifvUdk yg bk&m;)/ ½kyyf &J w dS ,f/ a,musfm; rde;f r r&S/d ½kyyf &J w dS ,f/ taz tarr&S/d &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ y&rw¬ÓmPf jrifv h mNyDaemf/ [m - 'Dvjdk zihf tazr&S&d if 'Dtaz bmvkyrf vJ? tvum;yJ qkNd yD;awmh oGm;rvkyef UJ / orkwo d pömrSm taz r&Sb d ;l vm;/ y&rw¬opömeJU Munhv f u dk af wmh taz tar awGU&rSmvm;? ½kyf awGU&rSmvm;/ (½kyaf wGU &rSmyg bk&m;)/ a,mufsm; rde;f r awGU&rSmvm;? ½kyaf wGU&rSmvm;/ (½kyaf wGU &rSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if ½kyv f Udk jrifwmu y&rwftjrif/ tpGe;f rNidapeJU/ odyt f a&;BuD;w,faemf/ [kd - bke;f BuD;wkUd jrefrmEkid if rH mS omoemoefU &Si;f a&;awG EkdifiHawmftpkd;&uaevkyfvkdU bkef;BuD;wkdU aus;Zl;wifvkdUrqkH; wm/ tJ'Dvkd oefU&Sif;a&;awG rvkyfcifwkef;u tcsdKUq&mawG bke;f BuD;wkUd uk, d w f idk u f , dk u f s awGUzl;wm/ y&rwfeUJ Munfv h u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh a,mufsm; rde;f r yk*Kd¾ vf owå0g r&S/d tJ'aD wmh bmvkyjf yovJqadk wmh q&mBuD;wpf a,mufuaeNy;D awmh acgif;uOD;xkyu f cdk RwNf y;D awmh olu ajcaxmufrSm zdeyfvkd pD;jyvkdufwm/ i,fi,fwkef;uawmh tr,f [kwfrsm;[kwfrvm; vkdUaygh/ wu,fw h u,fusawmh tJ'g wjcm;tpGe;f wku d w f mvm;? y&rwf tpGe;f wku d f wmvm;/ (y&rwftpGe;f wku d w f myg bk&m;)/ olonf ajcaxmuf &,f? acgif;&,fqw dk yhJ nwfudk y,fvu dk w f m/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if uJ - 'um? 'umrawG tdrOf ;D cef;rSm OD;xkyx f m;vkUd &S&d if rwifw h ,fb;l vm;/ (wifw h ,fygw,f)/ zdeyfBuD;wifxm;vkdU aumif;ygh rvm;/ (raumif;ygbl;)/ b,fvlrsdK;rS 'Dvkdrwifbl;aemf/ okdYaomf y&rwfeJU Munhv f u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh tdrOf ;D cef;awG? bmawG nmawG qkw d m wu,f &S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;)/ at; - ynwfqw dk m avmurSmok;H zkUd / zdeyfu zdeyfcRwfrmS xm;&r,f/ OD;xkyu f acgif;&if;rSm xm;&r,f/ &Si;f aum &Si;f &JUvm;/ 149

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ork'a,m a[mwd qkNd yD;awmh 'Dvt dk 0kid ;f ajy;ajy;cJw h m oHo&my#dpo ö rkygÜ 'faemf/ cE¨y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fqw dk mu ypöKyÜew f nfw h nfh tcsdet f cgrSm taMumif; ESpcf k wku d q f idk v f Udk ay:aygufvmwJh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fyg/ tJ'D y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f ukd em;vnfrS a,m*DwUdk 0dyóem t½IccH E¨mukd odygvdrrhf ,f/ at; - 'Dawmh cE¨mvkUd ajymvku d w f idk ;f ajymvku d w f idk ;f cE¨mukd 2-rsdK; em; vnf&r,f/ 0dygu0#fcE¨mu wpfrsdK;? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fcE¨mu wpfrsdK;/ 'Dvydk J a0g[m&eJUcGNJ yD;ajymygr,f/ 0dygu0#fcE¨mtaMumif;ukad wmh xyfwvJvJ bke;f BuD;aus;Zl;jyKxm;NyDaemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ tokb½IwhJ cE¨m? acG;a[mifwhJ cE¨m? tararG;wJh cE¨m trsdK;rsdK;emrnfawGwyfNyD; ajymaewm a,m*DwUkd rSwrf d atmifayghaemf/ 0dygu0#fcE¨m/ aumif;NyD/ 0dygu0#fu uk, d t hf vHeUJ vH&if wpfvyH J &Srd ,f/ b,favmuf&/dS (wpfvyH J &Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ tav;csdeq f dk ydóm 35-40? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;rdeUf awmfrw l ,f/ wpfvrH Qavmufaom cE¨mtav;csde?f 35-&Sad omcE¨m? uH pdwf Owk tm[m& taMumif;w&m; axmufyzhH efw;D xm;wJh cE¨m? uHjrifcE¨mvkUd ac:ygw,f/ bm cE¨mygvdr/hf (uHjrifcE¨mygbk&m;)/ tJ'D uHjrifcE¨mu a,m*DwUkd 0dyóem½IvUdk r&bl;/ 'Dawmh 0dyóemt½IcH cE¨mu ukid rf &wJh cE¨maygh/ 'Dawmh bke;f BuD; wko Yd ifwef;q&mrsm;u rdeUf aY wmfrMl uwm acG;ra[mifwhJ cE¨mukd jrifatmif Munfw h /hJ bmwJv h /J (acG;ra[mifwchJ E¨myg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh acG;rsufped UJ rjrifwhJ cE¨maygh/ 'gqkad wmh ykNd yD;awmh &Si;f wJph um;eJU ajymwmaemf/ aus; Zl;&Siq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf tifrwef eufecJ ufcw J hJ y&rwfoabm w&m;awGudk t&yfom;awG t&yfem;eJU pum;eJU em;vnfatmif a&G;Ny;D rdeUf awmfrcl w hJ m/ 'g - bke;f BuD;wkUd tifrwef uHaumif;w,faemf/ tJ'aD wmh ckeuajymwJh acG;ra[mifwchJ E¨mqkw d m yg&JUvm;/ 'Dpum;vk;H rygbl;aemf/ q&mawmfu tJ't D "dymÜ ,fu, dk Nl yD;awmh t&yfpum;eJUem;vnfatmif ajymjy oGm;wm/ 'Dawmh acG;ra[mifwhJ cE¨mqkw d mu pmxJygwmuawmh ÓmPfjrif cE¨momygwm/ ÓmPfjrifcE¨mqkad wmh jAKef;ceJ bmajymwmygvdrv hf Udk atmufarh wm/ 'Dawmh q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; rdeUf oGm;wm? acG;ra[mifwJh cE¨mqkdawmh em;vnfoGm;wmaygh/ 'DcE¨mBuD; t&yfxJavQmufoGm;? ausmif;xJavQmuf oGm; acG;jrif&ifa[mifwmaygh/ okdUaomf rjrif&if a[mifyghrvm;/ rjrifwJh cE¨maygh/ tJ'D rjrifwJhcE¨mqkdwm wjcm;cE¨mr[kwb f ;l / bmcE¨mvJ/ (y#dpö orkygÜ 'fcE¨mygbk&m;)/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fcE¨mukd em;vnfEidk zf Udk 'DoVm,weukd oifae&wm/ 'Dawmh oVm,werSm a,m*DwUdk reufuoifwef;udk jyefquf&if tcH"mwf b,fEyS g;vJ/ (6-yg;yg bk&m;)/ twku d "f mwf (6-yg;yg bk&m;)/ 'DawmhrS tyGi"hf mwfu 6-yg;? a[m ajcmufo;Hk vD "mwf 18-yg;vkUd ac: w,f/ cE¨m&,f? tm,we&,f? "mwf&,f qkNd yD;awmh tqifq h ifh wufvm NyDaemf/ "mwf 18-yg;taMumif; tckoGm;w,fayhg/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ½kyfykdif; qkdif&mukd &Sif;wkef;uvnf; yx0D"mwf? awaZm"mwf? tmayg"mwf?

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Cme0dnmP"mwf? Zd0gS 0dnmP"mwf? um,0dnmP"mwf? raem 0dnmP"mwf/ oabmawGukd ,lwm/ pu©K0dnmP"mwf qkad wmh? pu©K0dnmP"mwfuav;aygh/ pu©K0dnmPf "mwfqw kd m[m udik v f &Ykd yghrvm;/ oabm,l&wm/ udik v f rYkd &bl;/ Munfv h rYdk &bl;vm;/ okaYd omfvnf;yJ r&Sb d ;l vm;qdak wmh &Sw d ,f/ rodb;l vm;/ odw,f/ ½d;k ½d;k rsufped YJ rjrifEikd b f ;l / ÓmPfrsufped o YJ m jrifEidk w f mud;k / yloabm? at;oabm? vIy&f mS ;oabm? awmifw h if;oabm/ &Si;f NyaD emf/ tJ'aD wmh tJ'o D abmudk udik v f &Ydk yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ uJ--'Dvjdk zif&h if tcka,m*DwYkd 'DaeYq&kd if aeylwt hJ cgusawmh "r®m½HBk uD;xJ rylb;l vm;/ (ylygw,fb&k m;)/ ylwmudik v f &Ykd ovm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ aMomf - ylwmqdw k m odawmh odaew,f/ udik v f rYkd &bl;/ odaYk omf ylwmonf wjcm;w&m;vm;? ylwo hJ abmvm;/ (ylwJhoabmyg bk&m;)/ rsufpdrSdwf xm;vnf; ylwmodaewmyJ/ rsufpdzGifhMunfhvnf; ylwmodaeygw,f/ 153

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tJ ' D y l a ewmonf a,m*D w d k Y ud k i f v d k Y & wJ h oabmw&m;vm;? od a ewJ h oabmw&m;vm;/ (od a ewJ h oabmw&m;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh a[m'D aysmw h mav;udo k m udik v f &Ydk w,f/ ylwmudik v f Ykd &&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ at;wm udik v f &Ykd yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ okaYd omf at;oabmukd odaew,f/ yloabmudk odaew,faygh/ tJ'o D abmonf 'gu acG;ra[mifwhJ cE¨m/ bmcE¨mvJ/ (acG;ra[mifwchJ E¨mygbk&m;)/ 'g-½lyu©Em¨ udk cGjJ crf;pdwjf zmMunfw h maemf/ tJ'D acG;ra[mifwhJ cE¨mudk a,m*DwYdk jrif&if 0dyóem½I/ ylwmawGUvnf; ylwm½I? at;wmawGUvnf; at;wm½I? vIy&f mS ;wmawGUvnf; vIyf&Sm;wm½I? &G&GrGrGawGUvnf; &G&GrGrGqdkwmu ynwftaeeJU wifpm;ajymwm? wu,f&Gaewm r[kwfbl;? wu,fraG ewm r[kwb f ;l ? wu,fvyI af ewm r[kwb f ;l / &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ y&rwf oabmeJU Munfw h t hJ cgusawmh vIyw f mvnf; wjcm;vm;? oabmav; vm;/ (oabmav;ygbk&m;)/ ylaewmvnf; wjcm;vm;? oabmav;vm;/ (oabmav;ygbk&m;)/ oabmusawmh tukev f ;kH wpfnw D nf; jzpfaew,faemf/ ynwftaeeJUom 'guawmh ylwm? 'guawmh at;wm/ 'guawmh vIyf&Sm;wm? 'guawmh awmifhwif;wm? bmnm bmnm bmnmeJY y&rwftaeeJU emrnfawG trsm;BuD;ac:aewm/ olUoabmyJ&w dS ,f/ oabmukMd unfv h u kd w f t hJ cgusawmh 'um? 'umrawG tyl-tat; qkw d m &Sad o;vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh at;oabm? yloabm 'g--½kyfudk jrifaewJh oabmaemf/ tJ'D oabm&JU vu©Pmudk Munfv h u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh ylwhJ oabmu vnf; tjr&J w dS mvm;? r&Sw d mvm;/ (r&Sw d mygbk&m;)/ at;wJh oabmuvnf; tjrJ&w dS mvm;? r&Sw d mvm;/ (r&Sw d mygbk&m;)/ at;yloabmtjrJr&Sw d m? twnfwusr&Sw d mudk tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå/ a[m-r&Sw d mudk (tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåygbk&m;)/ tJ'D tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå qkw d m wjcm;ajymwmvm;?

0dyóemÓmPfajymaewmvm;/ (0dyóem ÓmPfukd ajymwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D twnfwusr&Sdoabmav;udk jrifatmifMunf&h w,f/ tJ'D r&So d abm av;udk jrifatmifMunfw h t hJ cgusawmh 'um? 'umrwkYd ½Iwmuawmh odyfrcufbl;As/ tJ'DOpömudk oabmaygufem;vnfNyD;awmh udk,fhukd,fudk oHo,uif; oGm;atmif odzdkY odyt f a&;BuD;w,f/ tJ'aD wmh-tif;-q&muawmh oifawmhoifw,f/ ud, k u f oabmÓmPf rjynfw h t hJ cgusawmh tif tajymu? [kwaf wmh [kwo f m;yJ/ wu,fMunhw f t hJ cgusawmhvnf; [kwrf [ S w k yf ghrvm;? aMomf-jzpfomG ;a&m/ tJ'aD wmh [kwrf [ S w k yf ghrvm; jzpfomG ;wm[m 0dpu d pd mä / bmwJv h /J (0dpu d pd mä ygbk&m;)/ r*fwm; zdv k w f m;jzpfNyD/ 'Db0 r*fÓmPf zdv k Óf mPf r&awmhb;l / oGm;NyD/ b,fou l wm;vku d w f mvJ/ (0dpu d pd mä u wm;wmygbk&m;)/ 0dpu d pd mä qdw k m pmvdak jymwm? jrefrmvdq k adk wmh [kwyf ghrvm;? rSeyf ghrvm;qkw d hJ oHo,pdwu f kd ajymwmyg/ tJ'o D o H ,pdwu f kd &Si;f Edik zf t Ykd wGuu f kd 'DrmS 'um? 'umrawG aoaocsmcsm obm0usus om"ueJU tm*reJY aoaocsmcsmyHjk yNy;D awmh &Sif;&wm/

&wemtppf 'gaMumifh bke;f BuD;wdYk ,ckoifwef;w&m;udk a[mw,f? oifwef; w&m;udk emwJt h cgrSm ,kwå&d rdS aS emf/ ,kwåd 3-rsdK;&Sw d ,f/ 'gav; A[kow k rSwx f m;ygOD;/ a,m*Da[mif;awGqdk rajymawmhb;l / a,m*DopfawGygaevd-Yk [kwv f m;/ (1) tm*r,kw?åd (2) om"u ,kw?åd (3) obm0 ,kw/åd ,kwdå 3-rsKd ;&Sw d ,f/ 'Dawmh tm*r,kwq då w dk m jrwfpmG bk&m; ud, k af wmf jrwfBuD; a[mawmfrw l hJ "r®uE© m¨ aygif; &Spaf omif;av;axmif ygVdawmfawG[m tm*r,kwadå wGy/J tJ'gawGu oufaocHtaxmuftxm; awGaygh/ aus;Zl;&Sif 154

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rd;k ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD; a[moGm;wJt h cgusawmh qEéow k eå f axmufNy;D awmh ygVdawmfeaYJ [moGm;wm/ ygVdawmfu 'Dvkd vmw,f/ t|uxmu 'Dvv kd mw,fqw kd m tm*r,kwåad wGaygh/ tJ'aD wmhrS &Siq f E´u 'Dvt dk m;xkwv f Ydk 'Dv&kd w,f? 'Dvt dk m;rxkwv f Ykd 'gav;rvkyv f Ykd 'Dvrdk &bl;qkNd yD;awmh om"ujyra[mbl;vm;/ 'g-om"u ,kwådvYdk ac:w,f/ NyD;awmhrS aumif;NyD-tJ't D wdik ;f vufcNH yD; vrf;rqH;k eJY olrsm; yg;pyfzsm; vrf;rqH;k eJU? ud, k chf E¨mxJ ud, k ½f ?I ud, k chf E¨mxJ ud, k Mf unf?h aoaocsmcsm cE¨mÓmPfa&muf tm;xkwq f Ndk yD;awmh wu,fh obm0usus rjybl;vm;/ tJ'v D dk obm0ukd a,m*DwjYkd rifrS oabm[kwrf S avmukwu f ;kd / 'Dawmh oabmeJo Y bm0udjk rifrS avmukw&å mÓmPfukd &r,f/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if obm0ud½k I qdw k mu cE¨mxJ Munfv h u dk w f hJ tcgusawmh 'um? 'umrawG? a,mufsm;? rdef;rawGUwmvm;? ylwmawGUwmvm;/ (ylwmawGUwmygbk&m;)/ ig ylwmvm;? ½kyfu ylaewmvm;/ (½kyfu ylaewmygbk&m;)/ ig rygbl;? ig r&Sb d ;l / a,mufsm; r&Sb d ;l / rde;f r r&Sb d ;l / ylwo hJ abmyJ &Sw d ,f/ ylwhJ oabm udik jf yvkYd &rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ tJ'D ylwo hJ abm b,fa&muf oGm;ovJqw kd m tMunfu h kd rcHb;l / ylw,f r&Sad wmhb;l / at;w,f r&Sad wmhb;l / awmifw h if;w,f r&Sad wmhb;l / vIy&f mS ;w,f r&Sad wmhb;l / aemufq;kH y&rwfoabmeJY r&S?d r&S?d r&Sd 'gudjk rifatmif ½I&if &SNd yD;awmhrS r&Sb d ;l vdjYk rifwm wjcm;eJUjrifwmvm;? r*¾ief YJ jrifwmvm;/ (r*¾ief UJ jrifwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'rD *¾iu f a,m*Dwt Ydk wGuu f tJ'g&wem tppfy/J bmwJv h /J (&wemtppfygbk&m;)/ tJ'&D wemonf w&m;&wem/ "r®H o&PH *pämrd "ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬/d tJ ' D w &m;rS wpf y g; tm;uk d ; p&m&S d & J U vm;/ (r&S d y gbk & m;)/ tJ ' D w &m;ud k tm;ud k ; &if ,aeY ypöKyÜew f nfw h nfrh mS vnf; Nidr;f csrf;jcif; csrf;omjcif; &ovd?k ao&ifvnf;yJ edAmÁ efr&Edik b f ;l vm;/ (&Edik yf gw,f)/ ,ckvnf;yJ edAÁmefudk rjrifEdkifbl;vm;/ (jrifEdkifygw,f)/ tJ'Dvdk ,ckvnf;yJ csrf;omovdk aemufvnf;yJ csr;f omwJw h &m;onf 'um? 'umrawG olrsm;pdwu f ;l ,Of w&m;vm;? vufawGUw&m;vm;/ (vufawGUw&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'w D &m;rS wpfyg;tm;ud;k p&m&S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if ]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬}d } w&m;rS wpfyg;udk;uG,fp&mr&Sd/ tJ'gaMumifh w&m;udk vufawGUtm;rxkwfMunfh&if w&m;rS wpfyg;ukd;uG,fp&m r&Sdqdkwmudk 'um? 'umrawG&UJ tEÅ&m,fuif; ab;uif;wdu k ?f wapä o&JaMumufvYdk &Gww f hJ tqifah vmufyx J m;wmyJ &Srd ,f/ wu,fcE¨mxJ ta&mufrydb Yk ;l / wu,fcE¨mxJta&mufyv Ykd u dk v f &Ydk &dS if aMomf- ]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬}d }/ 'Dw&m;rS wpfyg;ud;k uG,pf &m r&Syd gvm;/ avmurSm csrf;omjcif;udk ay;Edik w f monf wjcm;vm;? w&m;vm;/ (w&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'w D &m;rSwpfyg; 'um? 'umrwkYd bke;f BuD;wkYd ud;k uG,pf &m&S&d UJ vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmhrS "r®*P k m tpdEå,m? {0H tpdEÅda, yoEémeH 0dygaum a[mwd tpdEÅda,m a'oemu/ tJ'u D o hJ Ydk ,H, k MkH unfMunf av;av;pm;pm;eJY vufawGY cE¨mÓmPfa&muf oabm aygufatmifom vk&d if;twdik ;f tm;xkw&f if rBuHpnf rEd I i f ; ,S O f t yf w J h aumif ; usd K ;csrf ; omawG &rS m yg/ 'um? 'umrawG ol r sm;yg;pyf z sm; vrf ; rqH k ; eJ U ? vufawGUtvkyfvkyfprf;yg/

ud k , f y d k i f t vk y f u d k v k y f y g tJ'Dvdk &Edkifatmif enf;rSef vrf;rS ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f) tJ'Dvdk tm;xkwfzdkYtwGuf enf;rSev f rf;rSeaf &mufatmif a,m*Dwu Ydk kd 'Doifwef;uae aus;Zl;jyKae&wm/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ uJ-'Dvjdk zif&h if 'Doifwef;u ,aeYoGm;aewmu wjcm;oGm;aewmvm;? "mwf 18-yg; oGm;aewmvm;/ ("mwf 18yg;oGm;aewmygbk&m;)/ tcH"mwfu b,fEpS yf g;/ (6-yg;ygbk&m;)/ twku d "f mwfu b,fEpS yf g;/ (6-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 155

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y&rwfu xm0&rSeu f efw,fvUdk qk&d wm/ ynwfqw kd mu ckwpfrsdK;? ckwpfrsdK;ajymif;wmayghaemf/ tjzLa&mif av;qkd;vkdufawmh tjzL? teDa&mifav;qkd;vkdufawmh teDaygh/ tcsdef tcgwkdU? t&yfa'owkdU pwJh tajctaeay:rlwnfNyD; ynwfqw dk m tajymif; tvJ&w dS ,f/ Oyrm? Vif;wukd wpfcsdKUt&yfawGrmS xk;d yqdwv f Udk ac:w,f/ ,keu f dk trJah rmifw/hJ trsm;BuD;ygyJ/ a'otac:ta0:awG/ 'Dvjdk zifh cE¨m&JU oabmu razmufjyefwo hJ abmvm;? azmufjyef wJo h abmvm;/ (azmufjyefaewJh oabmyg)/ tJ'DazmufjyefaewJh oabmudk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;pum;eJU ajym&if jzpf? ysuf/ tcsdefra&G; ½kyfudk Munfh wjcm;awGUrSmvm;? jzpfysufawGU&rSmvm;/ (jzpfysufawGU&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Djzpfysufqkdwm 'um? 'umrawG owdy|mebm0em aemf/ jzpfysuf qkw d m bmygvdr/hf (owdy|mebm0emyg bk&m;)/ yl&if ylw,f? ylw,fvYkd rSwaf ewmu owdy|mef/ ylw,fqw dk mu azmufjyefNyD;awmh ysufroGm; bl;vm;/ ylw,f r&Sad wmhb;l / ylw,f r&Sad wmhb;l / ylw,f r&Sb d ;l qkw d m wjcm;vm;/ ysufomG ;wJh oabmvm;/ (ysufomG ;wJh oabmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ysuf o G m ;wJ h o abmuk d ½ I y G m ;aewmonf owd y |mebm0em/ bmygvd r f h / (owd y |mebm0emygbk & m;)/ 0dyóemjzpfoGm;NyD/ 'Dvjdk zifh jrif&if jrifw,fvYdk rSwaf e&if 0dyóemr[kwaf o;bl;/ bmvJ/ owdy|mef/ Mum;&if Mum;w,fvYdk rSwaf e&if (owdy|mef)/ eH&if eHw,fvYdk rSw&f if (owdy|mef)/ pm;&if pm;w,fvrYdk w S /f (owdy|mef)/ 0wf&if 0wfw,fvrYdk w S /f (owdy|mef) awGU&if awGUw,fvrYkd w S /f (owdy|mef)/ BuH&if BuHw,fvrYdk w S /f (owdy|mef)/ 'Dvjdk zifh rSww f ,fqadk wmh a,mufsm;? rde;f r yk*Kd¾ vfowå0gu rSww f mvm;? r*¾if 5-yg;eJrY w S w f mvm;/ (r*¾if 5yg;eJY rSwfwmygbk&m;)/ rSwfwJhtxJrSm ½IwJhtxJrSm igyg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/ a,mufsm;? rdef;r yk*¾dKvfowå0gyg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/ rygbl;qkdwm wjcm;awGUvdkYvm;/ ÓmPfudkawGUvkdYvm;/ (ÓmPfudk awGUvdyYk gbk&m;)/ ÓmPfb,fEpS yf g;/ (5-yg; ygbk&m;)/ 5-yg;u aeYwidk ;f ajymxm;w,f/ qkyd g/ or®m'd|d? or®mouFyÜ? or®m0g,mr? or®mowd? or®morm"d/ tJawmh avmutaeeJY a0g[m&eJY ynwftaeeJU ig½Iaew,f? ol½Iaew,f? 'umBuD;awG ½Iw,f? 'umrBuD;awG ½Iw,f? oHCmawG 0dyóem½Iw,f ajymjim;aomfvnf; wu,f½w I mu ig½Iwmvm;/ r*¾iu f ½Iwmvm;/ (r*¾iu f ½Iwmygbk&m;)/ 'um½Iwmvm;? r*¾iu f ½Iwmvm;/ (r*¾iu f ½Iwmygbk&m;)/ 'umrawG ½Iwmvm;? r*¾iu f ½Iwmvm;/ (r*¾iu f ½Iwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if r*¾iv f Ydk odvu dk Nf yDqu dk wnf;u a,mufsm; rde;f r yk*Kd¾ vf owå0g ig ol rjyKwfb;l vm;/ (jyKwfygw,fb&k m;)/ a[m-t½IÓmPfxrJ mS vnf; igryg/ 'd|jd yKwfomG ;NyD/ bmjyKwf o G m ;wmvJ / ('d | d j yKwf o G m ;wmygbk & m;)/ 'D v k d j zif h t½I Ó mPf x J r S m ig ryg&if ? t½I Ó mPf e J Y apmifhMunfhvdkufwJhtcgusawmh ckeajymcJhwJh ½kyfukd Munfh&if b,ftcsdef MunfhMunfh b,fvkdawGUae&rvJ/ (jzpfysufawGUae&ygw,f)/ jzpfysuf? azmufjyefaewmawGUr,f/ emrfawGU&ifvnf; (jzpf-ysuf)/ azmufjyefaewm rawGU&bl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh emrfawGU&ifvnf; wjcm;awGUrSmvm; tedpö awGUrSmvm;/ (tedpöawGUrSmygbk&m;)/ ½kyfMunfh&ifvnf; bmawGU&rvJ/ (tedpöawGU&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dtedpöu wjcm;udpövm;/ ½kyfemrf&JU udpövm;/ (½kyef mrf&UJ udpyö gbk&m;)/ at; tJ'gudjk rifwmonf wjcm;udpv ö m;? ÓmPf&UJ udpv ö m;/ (ÓmPf&UJ udpyö gbk&m;)/ olUudpeö YJ oljrifaewm/ tJ'gaMumifrh Ykd tJ'gukd ½kyyf &rwf? emrfy&rwfvYdk 'Dvadk c:wm/ tcsderf a&G;Munfh tcsderf a&G; jzpfysufyJ awGU&r,f/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh jzpfysuf½Iwm 'um? 'umrawG pOf;pm;zkdYvkdvm;/ (rvdkygbl;)/ olrsm;wkdifyifzkdYvkdao;vm;/ 157

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'Dvdkjzifh&if taMumif;u wjcm;taMumif;vm;? ½kyftaMumif;vm;/ (½kyftaMumif;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh rsufpdonf wjcm;vm;? ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ tqif;onfvnf; (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ½kyEf pS cf w k u dk w f t hJ wGuf emrfwpfcak y:/ ESpcf w k u dk v f Ykd wpfcak y:/ ESpcf w k u kd f wmu taMumif;? wpfcak y:wmu (tusdK;)? taMumif;tusdK;/ a[m-y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fay:vmNyD; taMumif;tusdK;? taMumif;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyw f &m;vm;/ (½kyw f &m;ygbk&m;)/ tusKd ;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;? emrfw&m;vm;/ (emrfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ taMumif;½ky?f tusdK;emrf/ 'g- y#dpöorkyÜg'feJU vGwfaomw&m;[lí r&Sdbl;aemf/ tJ'Dawmh ESpfckwkdufvkdY wpfckay:?

ESpfckwkdufwmutaMumif;/ wpfckay:wmu tusdK;/ taMumif; tusdK;/ taMumif;tusdK;onf wjcm;vm;/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fvm;/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fyg bk&m;)/ [kwNf yD/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fqadk wmh bmxl;vkv Yd /J a[m'D taMumif;tusdK; ESpcf w k u dk w f idk ;f wdu k w f ikd ;f cE¨may:NyD; ckeajymwJh acG;ra[mifwhJ cE¨mvmNyD/ acG;ra[mifwhJ cE¨mu a,m*DwYdk ÓmPfeUJ omod&rJh cE¨maemf/ tJ'cD E¨mudk eHygwfwpf jrifatmifMunfyh g/ tJ'cD E¨mudk jrifNyD;vk&Yd &dS if apmifNh yD;awmh Munfyh g/ eHygwfwpf cE¨may:wmudk jrifatmifMunf&h r,f/ eHygwfEpS f cE¨maysmufomG ;wmudk jrifatmif Munh&f r,f/ ESpu f pd ö vky&f r,f/ yxrudpu ö a[m'DcE¨may:wmudk jrifatmif Munf/h owdy|mef/ tJ'v D kd Munfw h mudk bmac:vJ/ (owdy|mefygbk&m;)/ 'kw, d udpu ö cE¨may:wmudk Munfv h nf; Munhv f u dk af &m tMunfrh cH bl;? cE¨mu ysuf/ r&Sad wmhb;l / r&Sw d mudk jrifwmu owdy|mebm0em/ ESpcf w k u kd v f Ydk wpfcak y:wmudk jrifaewmu owdy|mef/ tJ'aD y:vku d w f monf yk*Kd¾ vfowå0g ay:wmvm;/ cE¨may:oGm;wmvm;/ (cE¨may:oGm;wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD y:wJh cE¨mudk Munfv h u dk af wmh &Sad o;vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ Munfw h mudk r&Sb d ;l qdak wmh wjcm;vm;/ owdy|mebm0emvm;/ (owdy|mebm0emyg bk&m;)/ r&Sdbl;vkdY ajymwm wjcm;u ajymwmvm;/ ÓmPfu ajymwmvm;/ (ÓmPfuajymwmygbk&m;)/ r*¾ib f ,fEpS yf g;uajymwmvJ/ (5-yg;u ajymwmyg)/ ig;yg;u bmawGv/J (or®m'd|?d or®mouFy?Ü or®m0g,mr? or®mowd? or®morm"d)/ tJ'rD *¾if 5-yg;eJv Y nf; Munfv h nf; Munfv h u kd af &m/ a[m--ay:wJh cE¨m 5-yg;u aysmufomG ;NyD/ aumif;NyD/ cE¨m 5-yg;ay:w,f/ b,fvadk y:vJ/ a,m*DwYdk oHo,0ifrmS pd;k vkYd xyf&iS ;f ygOD;r,f/ ESpcf w k u kd v f Ykd wpfcak y:w,fqadk wmh tJ'ED pS cf w k u dk v f Ydk wpfcak y:wmu (cE¨may:wmyg bk&m;)/ 'gudk pmvdu k ]]pu©KpH y#dpö ½lyOö OyZÆwd pu©K0dnmPH? wdPHÖ o*Fwd zaóm? zóypö,m a0'em}}qkNd yD;awmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f qufwmaygh/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'gudk q&mawmfb&k m;rsm;u * pu©K ½lyqHkMuaomtcg 0dnmPf "mwfpk jrifrIay:vm "mwfaygif; oHk;ck? qHkrIzóm jrifraumif;? jrifaumif;a0'em/ * rsufvHk;tdrfwGif; csufcsif;ay:vm ig;jzm"mwfpk jrifrIawG[m rMumcP ysufMu onfom tedpö? 'ku©? tew tewååm/ m/ vd&k if;tcsufu 'gudk ajymwm/ q&mawmfb&k m;rsm;u vuFmav; awGeUJ aqmify'k af v;awGeUJ qdak wmh 'um? 'umrawG rSw&f wm vG,w f mayghaemf/ uJ? 'Dawmh 'Daqmify'k af v; xyfcgxyfcg qdMk unfMh u aemf/ tJ'aD qmify'k af v;u 0dyóem½IzYkd tukev f ;kH owdy|mef? owdy|mebm0em wpfww JG nf; oifomG ;wmaemf/ tJ'gudk a,m*DwYdk bke;f BuD;wdYk oabmoGm;eJU ajymvku d w f t hJ cgusawmh tJ'rD sufpq d w dk hJ ½kyw f &m;ukd cE¨meJUajymawmh bmcE¨m/ (½lyu©Em¨ )/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if ½lyu©Em¨ qdw k m cE¨mwpfyg; r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ 'Dawmh tqif;onf bmcE¨m/ (½lyu©Em¨ )/ rsufped YJ tqif;eJY ESpcf v k nf; wku d v f nf; wku d v f u dk af &m 0dnmPf wpfcrk ay:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,f)/ 164

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1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 14-&uf (2.9.2002) eHeuf earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor orÁÁK' K'¨ K '¨ó tm;vH;k aom a,m*Dtaygif;olawmfaumif;wdYk -þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&u G v f mcJMh uwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeUb,f ES&uf &SNd yDv/J (8-&ufajrmufygbk&m;)/ 8-&ufajrmufeeH uf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f oifwef;w&m;ygyJaemf/ (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fqakd wmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fwiG f oHo&my#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f? cE¨y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f&,fvYkd 2-rsdK;cGjJ cm;NyD;awmh avmhvmMuygw,faemf/ (2-rsKd;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh "r®oabmeJUu oHou#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f? cE¨y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f &So d vdk ÓmPftqifeh UJ yk*Kd¾ vfukd vdu k Nf yD;awmhvnf; olUy#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fol r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f bk&m;)/ ykxZk OfawGusawmh ykxkZOf y#dpöorkyÜg'f&Sdovdk aomwmyef usawmh aomwmyefy#dpöorkyÜg'f r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ ou'g*grfuvnf; ou'g*grfy#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f? tem*grfuvnf; tem*grf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f/ t&[wår*f? t&[wåzv kd ?f &[EÅmt&Sijf rwfBuD;awGuvnf; olUy#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f olU[mol jzwfNyD;om; r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'v D kd olUy#dpo ö rkygÜ 'feUJ ol&w dS m[m a,m*Dwt Ykd m;vH;k bke;f BuD;wdYk odzv Ykd w kd ,faemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ tJ'aD wmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd rod&if vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f ud, k u hf , kd u f kd b0ifjrifw h maygh/ wdt Yk &yfpum;ajymeJUajymr,f qdk &ifaemf/ y#d p ö o rk y Ü g 'f rod & if b mjzpf v J / (b0if j rif h y gw,f b k & m;)/ b0if jrif h w ,f q d k w muawmh ud k , f h u d k , f u d k rmefrmeawGwufomG ;wmyg/ tJ'aD wmh 0dyóemtvkyv f yk w f t hJ cgrSm ajcokwyf q k ;kd a>rpG,u f sdK; csdKusdK;EGm;vm;? 'Ge;f p@m;o@mef OD;ESrd ½f u kd sdK;? rmefuckd sdK;um/ vkdY 'Dvkd bke;f BuD;wdYk ESv;kH oGi;f &ygw,f a,m*Dw/Ykd (rSev f yS g)/ bmjzpfvv Ykd q J akd wmh rmefrmeqdw k hJ w&m;[m ud, k u hf kd r*fwm; zdv k w f m; jzpfveG ;f vd/Yk 'd|q d w kd m r*fwm; zdv k w f m;jzpfveG ;f vdaYk emf/ tJ'aD wmh 'd|q d &kd if rmeqdw k m rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fb&k m;)/ tck y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f udk tckaxmufawmhrmS aemf/ 'd|jd zpf&if 'd|Kyg'ef? 'd|t d yk cf sKyfwu hJ ?H ur® b0ypö,m tyg,fZmwd/ olu 'Dvv dk mwmud;k / ur®b0ypö,m tyg,fZmwdwJh qdkawmh? tJ'Dvdk tck 0dyóem tm;xkwfaewJhtcg 'gawG [m r*fwm; zdv k w f m;jzpfaeygw,f/ tJ'rD *fwm; zdv k w f m;jzpfaewJh w&m;awG[m y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fem;rvnf&if ud, k rhf mS r*fwm;oGm;Ny/D 'Db0rSm b,favmuftm;xkwf tm;xkw?f 'um? 'umrawG r*fÓmPf? zdv k Óf mPf &ygOD;rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ tifrwef tzd;k wefwhJ vlU b0BuD;a&mufNyD;awmh r*fwm; zdv k w f m; tjzpfc&H wm odyef pfemygw,f a,m*Dw/Ykd odaYk omf tJ'g bmjzpfvYkd 'Dvkd twm;cH&ovJqakd wmh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;rvnfvaYdk ygh/ ud, k yhf #dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd ud, k ef m;rvnfwt hJ cgusawmh 'Day:rSm ig[Jq h w kd hJ 'd|ad wG rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dawmh 'd|q d w kd mu olwpfO;D wnf; rvmbl;/ tHek UJ usif;eJU? todik ;f eJU t0ef;eJU vmwmud;k / tJ'aD wmh 'd|ad &SUuvm&ifoUl aemufu rme rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,f)/ igqdw k mu 'd|ad emf/ igu olrsm;eJU rwlb;l qdw k mu rmeaemf/ igrdv Yk q Ykd w kd mu wjcm;vm;? rmevm;/ (rmeygbk&m;)/ 'um? 'umrawG 0dyóemtm;xkwfwJh txJrSmudk rmefu wufcsifao;wm/ igu olrsm;eJUwlwm r[kwb f ;l / ig olrsm;eJU rwlb;l / 0dyóem tm;xkwaf ewm/ a[m-b,favmuf aMumufp&m aumif;ovJ/ 0dyóem tm;xkww f t hJ ay:rSm bm0ifaewmvJ/ (rmef0ifaewm)/ olrsm;u oDvxde;f wm r[kwb f ;l / iguxde;f aewm/ tr,f xde;f wJo h v D tay: rSmyif rmef0ifaewm/ tJ'g r*fwm; zdv k w f m;jzpfaeNy/D b,favmuf aMumufp&maumif;vJ/ o'¨H Oyedó, rmeH ZayÜwd 'd|ð *PSmwd uk;d / y|mef;a'oemawmfu/ oDvH Oyedó, rmeH ZayÜwd 166

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oDvukt d rSjD yKNy;D rmefawG0ifaew,f/ 'd|*ð PSmwd-'d|t d ,lu, dk w l ,f/ 'Dawmh? a[m igu oufowfvw G pf m;aewm/ olrsm;eJUwlwm r[kwb f ;l qdak wmh a[m bm0ifaewmvJ/ (rme)/ oufowfvw G pf m;wJu h o k v kd u f enf;enf;? [du k i&J',ft;kd w,fwmu rsm;rsm;jzpfaewm/ ukoavm tukovó - ukov dk t f aMumif;cHNy;D tukov dk jf zpfaewm/ odyaf Mumufp&maumif; w,faemf/ 'gaMumifh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;rvnf&if tifrwef tEÅ&m,f rsm;vSw,f/ a,m*Dw/Ykd &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'aD wmh 'Drme[m ae&mwumrSm olu 'kua© y;wJrh me/ 0dyóem tvkyv f yk w f hJ tcgawmifryS J olwufNyD; tkycf sKyfw,fqakd wmh wjcm;udpaö wG qdw k mawmh ajymraeeJUawmh/ ajymraeeJUawmh/ avmurSm [kwfvm;/ pm;a&;? aea&;? 0wfa&;? om;a&;? orD;a&;? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? tdrfaxmifa&; tp&Sdonfh udpt ö 00awGqw kd muawmh pum;xJukd xnfah jym raeeJU/ olwyYkd J tkycf sKyf aewmyJ/ aemufq;kH 'um? 'umrawG vGwv f w G u f RwfuRwfeYJ wpfcgwnf;rSukd 10-&ufwefonf? 15-&ufwefonf? wpfvwefonf vGwv f w G u f RwfuRwf udk avmuudk pGeUf NyD;awmh 0dyóemtm;xkwaf wmifryS J olu 0if0ifEydS pf uf csifao;wm/ tJ'v D kd ESyd pf ufc&H &if bke;f BuD;wdYk c&D;oGm;wJv h v l akd ygh/ c&D;oGm;wJv h w l pfa,muf[m vrf;ajzmifah jzmifeh UJ vrf;qk;d qk;d rSm vrf;qd;k qd;k qk&d ifawmfawmfeUJ a&mufyghrvm;/ (ra&mufygbl;)/ tJ'aD wmh ,aeY bke;f BuD;wdUk 'um? 'umrawG avQmufvrS ;f wJh vrf;u acsmacsmarGUarGU ponfjzifh [kwv f m;/ ,aeY Ekid if aH wmfu uwå&mawG cif;xm;ovkyd J [kwv f m;/ uwå&mawG rcif;bJ csdKifah wG? 0Sr;f awG? ql;awG? cvkwaf wGEiS hf qd&k if awmfawmfeUJ a&mufygOD;rvm;/ (ra&mufygbl;)/ tifrwefacsmarGUwJh vrf;uav;udk cif;xm;&if rsufprd w dS o f mG ; 'um? 'umrawG tcsderf a&G; ra&mufEikd b f ;l vm;/ (a&mufEikd yf gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'OD yrmvdyk gyJ? ,aeY bke;f BuD;wdYk 'd|ad wG? rmeawGukd a&SUydik ;f uae &Si;f &Si;f ay;aewmu y&d,wftodeUJ &Si;f &Si;f ay;aewm/ vrf;&Si;f ay;aewm a,m*DwUkd / bmvkyaf ewmvJ/ (vrf;&Si;f ay;aewmygbk&m;)/ tdk vrf;acsmoGm;vkYd rsufpdrSdwfavQmuf cvkwfrwkdufbl;/ jrefjrefukd a&mufrSm aemf/ tJ'gaMumifh aus;Zl;&Sif t*¾r[my@dw rd;k ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;u a,m*Dwu Ykd kd 0dyóemtvkyf rvkyrf D a&S;OD;pGm bmjzKwf&rvJ/ ('d|jd zKwf &rSmygbk&m;)/ todeUJ jzKwf&r,f/ vrf;&Si;f aewm/ EdrYk Udk vd&Yk &dS if 0dyóemqdw k muawmh vrf;avQmufwmeJY wlw,f/ a&SUrSm rmeawGeUJ 'd|ad wGeUJ ? yumoeawGeUJ ponfjzifh 'gawGu cvkwu f efoif;awGeUJ csdKifah wG? 0Sr;f awG? urluxpfawGeUJ rwlb;l vm;/ (wlygw,fb&k m;)/

cE¨ m t&S d Ó Pf t od 'Dvjdk zifh tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vfonf olomG ;csifwahJ e&mawmfawmfeYJ a&mufyghrvm;/ (ra&mufygbl;)/ tJ-vrf;ckvwfwif wpfcck t k aMumif; aMumifeh UJ rsm; &yfomG ;&if odrYk [kwf aooGm;&if 'um? 'umrawG cufO;D r,f/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvkdY q&maumif;eJUawGU&if t½kPfwufw,fqkdwJh pum;t&? 0dyóem tvkyfrvkyfrD? a&S;OD;pGm wjcm;tvk y f v k y f w mvm;/ vrf ; &S i f ; ae&wmvm;/ (vrf ; &S i f ; ae&wmygbk & m;)/ vrf ; &S i f ; w,f q d k w m? wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;? cE¨y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;vnf&rSmvm;/ (cE¨y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;vnf&rSmyg bk&m;)? uJ 'Dawmh cE¨y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd raeUuvnf;pcJNh yDaemf/ cyfou G o f u G u f av; oGm;vdu k &f atmif/ tcsdeu f awmfawmfukd enf;vmNyD aemf/ 'DaeU 8-&uf qdkawmh 9-&uf? 10-&uf/ tif; reufjzef wpf&ufyJ y#dpöorkyÜg'fuoifEdkifawmhrSm/ reufjzefqakd wmifryS ?J ckvkd ususee axmufEikd rf mS r[kwb f ;l / [kwv f m;/ 'Dawmh oloo d ifh odxu kd w f w hJ &m; awGu trsm;Bu;D useaf o;w,f/ bke;f Bu;D vnf; 'Dpcef;yGJ tukerf a[mEdik b f ;l / a,m*Dwu Ykd kd tukev f ;kH a[mae&ifvnf;yJ tukev f ;kH rSwrf cd sifrS rSwrf rd ,f/ 'gaMumifh q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u rdeUf oGm;wmuav; bke;f BuD;wdYk toJpx JG m;w,f/ &ufom;av;&Sw d u hJ av;i,f i,fav;udk rdcifu xrif;cGUH awmh? 'um? 'umrawG xrif;vkyBf u;D cGUH vd&Yk yghrvm;/ 167

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'Dw&m;udrk em 'Dw&m;udrk od&if a,m*DwYkd tjypfawG[m 'keUJ a';yJ/ (rSev f yS g)/ [m-t&Sib f &k m; 'keaYJ '; 'DtjypfawG oifah wmh bmjzpfrmS vJ/ wd&pämefjzpfr,f ajymwm/ bmjzpfrmS vJ/ (wd&pämef)/ tJ'aD wmh wd&pämefjzpfr,f ajymawmh 'Dtukodkvf[m olYtoufowfjcif;? olYOpömckd;jcif;? tdrf,musL;vGefjcif;? rkom;ajymjcif;? t&ufaopm aomufpm;jcif;qkw d hJ 'Dvu kd H 5-rsdK;udk usL;vGew f mr[kwb f ;l / usL;vGe&f UJ vm;/ (rusL;vGeyf gbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zifh 'DuH 5-rsdK;u ygPmwdygwm? t'dEmé ? umarok um,uHo;kH yg;aemf/ 0pDuH ESpyf g;/ xm; [ku d ok&mar&,u xm;vdu k /f um,uH 0pDuyH aJ yghaemf/ tJ'u D aH wGu um,uH 0pDuaH wG ajymwm/ raemuH 'D 5-yg;xJrmS ygvm;/ (rygygbl;)/ bke;f BuD;wkYd wu,f tjypfoifw h u hJ u H b,fEpS u f &H v dS /J (3-uH&ydS gw,f)/ raemuH&,f? 0pDu&H ,f? um,uH&,f? ckeu 5-yg;oDvu um,uHEiS hf 0pDuH a[mwm/ okjYd zifh raemaygufziG x hf m;w,f/ bmzGix hf m;wmvJ/ (raemayguf zGix hf m;wmyg bk&m;)/ okdYjzifh tck t0dZÆmjzpfw,fqkdwmu b,ftaygufujzpfwmvJ/ (raemaygufu jzpfwmygbk&m;)/ raemaygufu t0iftxGu&f w dS ,f/ tJ'w D cH g; ydwu f rkd xm;bl;aemf/ reuf rd;k vif;wJt h cgusawmh ygPmwdygwm? t'dEémuH tp&Sdojzifh um,uHayguf ydwfxm;w,f/ 0pDuHaygufydwfxm; w,f/ 'Duae r0ifEdkifbl;/ b,ftaygufyiG ahf evJ/ (raemuH)/ tJ'D raemaygufyiG ahf ewm/ ud, k u hf , dk u f kd yGirhf eS ;f rodb;l / yGirhf eS ;f udk rodb;l / 'Dawmh 'DraemaygufyiG w hf m yGi;f rSe;f rodwmu wjcm;em;rvnfvUkd vm;/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fem;rvnfvv Ykd m;/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f em;rvnfvyYkd gbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh tck bke;f BuD; ajcmufa[maewmvm;? jzpfpOfuu kd af jymwmvm;/ (jzpfpOfuu kd f ajymwmygbk&m;)/ cE¨may:w,fvYkd tckajymNyDaemf/ jrif&if jrifcE¨m? Mum;&if Mum;cE¨m? odaYk omf rsufpu d pawmh rsufpt d aMumif;yJ t&ifajymr,faemf/ tJ'v D kd jrifwikd ;f jrifwikd ;f rodawmh t0dZÆmjzpfw,f qkad wmh t0dZÆmqdw k m wjcm;oGm;wmvm;? wd&pämefjynfomG ;wmvm;/ (wd&pämefjynfomG ;wmyg bk&m;)/ uJ 'Dvjdk zifh jrifwt hJ &mav;ayghaemf/ jrifw,fqadk wmh Oyrm-tdrrf mS qdak wmhom;orD;jrif&if jrifr,f/ ZeD;jrifr,f/ cifyeG ;f jrifr,f/ [m-okrYd [kwf ud, k q fh rD mS odr;f qnf;xm;wJh ausmufoH ywåjrm; a&TaiG&wem 'gawGjrifr,f/ armfawmfum;jrifr,f? tdrjf rifr,f qdMk uygpd/Yk rsufp&d dS 'um? 'umrawG rjrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'v D jkd rifwikd ;f jrifwifkd ;f rod&if b,fov l /J t0dZÆm? 'Dvjdk zifh tJ'jD rifwt hJ &m awG[m cifrifp&m t&mawGU&if cifrifwmaygh/ qkMd uygpk/Yd pD;yGm;Opöm&wem &mxl;*kPo f rd f tk;d tdrw f u kd w f m jrif&if ud, k yhf pön;f ud, k f 'um? 'umrawG rcifwo hJ &l ydS ghrvm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ ud, k o hf m;orD;ud, k f rcifwhJ ol&ydS gh rvm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ ud, k Zhf eD; uk, d cfh ifyeG ;f rcifwhJ ol&ydS ghrvm;/ (r&Syd gbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'DrsufpdeJY jrifwkdif; jrifwdkfif; 'um? 'umrawGrSm cifrifwmav;awG ay:vmw,f/ cifrifw,fqw dk mu t&yfajymajymwmaemf/ ,aeY w&m;pum;eJU ajymawmh avmbay:aew,f/ bmay:wmvJ/ (avmbay:wmygbk&m;)/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'feUJ axmufawmh bmjzpfaewmvJ/ (wPSmygbk&m;)/ cifwmu wPSm/ avmbwPSm/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if reufr;kd vif;vkYd rsuv f ;kH ESpv f ;kH yGiv hf u kd v f Ydk t&mawGtm;vH;k udk trav;--[k[ d mav;uawmh tqifajyw,f? 'gav;uawmh tqifajyw,f/ ud, k o hf m;orD;av;rsufEmS av; ud, k jf rifvu dk &f awmh 0rf;omw,f? ud, k Zhf eD; cifyeG ;f rsufEmS NyHK;NyHK;&Ti&f iT f jrif&&if auseyfw,f? 0rf;omw,f? cifrifw,f qdu k wnf;u 'Dy*k Kd¾ vf wjcm;jzpfomG ;wmvm;/ avmbjzpfomG ; wmvm;/ (avmbjzpfomG ;wmyg bk&m;)/ reufr;kd vif;uwnf;u avmbjzpfaeNyD/ tJ'aD vmbonf wjcm; oGm;rSmvm;/ NydwåmjynfomG ;rSmvm;/ (NydwåmjynfomG ;rSmygbk&m;)/ a[m'D jrifpw d u f av;wpfcak y:rSm 'um? 'umrawG raemaygufyiG w hf hJ taMumif; f ;kH yGiw hf t hJ cgusawmh tdrrf mS u aemf/ raemaygufyiG ahf ewm/ uJ 'Dawmh/ aumif;NyD reufr;kd vif;vkUd rsufv;kH ESpv tpp t&m&m [dek m;? 'Dem; z½kzd &J tqifrajybl;/ pdwx f rJ mS b,fEh , S ahf evJ/ (a'gojzpfvmygw,f)/ a'go jzpfvma&m? 0pDuaH wG jzpfuek af &m/ 'DMum;xJ pdwt f cefrY oifw h hJ tcgusawmh 'um? 'umrawGuidk af ygufuek af &m/ a[m - wpfcgwpfav vlrjriforl jrif ukid af ygufypfvu dk w f m? uk, d phf w d u f dk rxde;f Ekid b f ;l av/ vlomG ;xk;d rd&if 'um? 'umrawG tEÅ&m,f&w dS ,f/ tJawmh tEÅ&m,fr&Sd wJh tcgusawmh wpfcck k eJUaygufypfvu dk af &m/ a[m 178

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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olUraemaygufBuD;u wpfcsufrS wHcg;ydwrf xm; bl;/ tJ'aD wmh raemaygufu aeYpOfaeYwidk ;f 'um? 'umrawG tyg,f roGm;bl;vm;/ (oGm;ygw,f)/ tyg,fomG ;aew,f/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if tyg,fomG ; aewm? bmjzpfvo Ydk mG ;wmvJ qkad wmh jrifwmonfwjcm;vm;? jrifpw d v f m;/ (jrifpw d yf gbk&m;)/ jrifpw d w f pfv;kH ay:wdik ;f ay:wdik ;f cE¨mb,fEpS yf g;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ cE¨m 5-yg;ay:wmonf rxif&mS ;wmvm;/ xif&mS ;wmvm;/ (xif&mS ;wmygbk&m;)/ xif&mS ;wmudk wjcm;ac:wmvm;/ ouúm, ac:wmvm;/ (ouúm,ac:wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'x D if&mS ;aewJh cE¨m 5-yg;udk rjrifawmh igjrifw,f/ b,foljrifwmvJ/ (igjrifwmygbk&m;)/ igjrifw,f qkdwmu 'd|d/ bmygvJ/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/ igjrifw,fqw dk mu ('d|yd gbk&m;)/ xif&mS ;wmu (ouúm,)/ igjrifwmu ('d|)d / ouúm,eJY 'd|ed aYJ ygif;/ (ouúm,'d|)d / rd;k awmifrvif;ao;bl;/ i&JrsKd ;aph&ifxu J ed ;f aeNy/D uREyfk w f u Ydk oDvawG NraJ ew,f/ yk*Kd¾ vf bmrSjyóem r&Sb d ;l qkw d v hJ l rd;k rvif;cif bmude;f oGm;wmvJ/ (i&JrsdK;aph)/ i&JrsdK;aphqw kd m wjcm; ajymwmvm;/ ouúm,'d|ad jymwmvm;/ (ouúm,'d|d ajymwmyg bk&m;)/ ouúm,'d|dqkdwm wjcm;udk rjrifvkdYvm;? cE¨mudk rjrifvdkYvm;/ (cE¨mudk rjrifvyYkd gbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if 'DcE¨monf acG;a[mifwhJ cE¨mvm;/ acG;ra[mif wJh cE¨mvm;/ (acG;ra[mifwhJ cE¨mygbk&m;)/ acG;ra[mifwhJ cE¨mawG bke;f BuD;wdrYk mS 'vpyfay:aewmaemf/ (rSev f yS g)/

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180

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cE¨m 5-yg; ay:wmvm;/ (cE¨m 5-yg;ay:wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zifh ESpcf w k u kd v f Ykd wpfcak y:wJh cE¨m 5-yg;? taMumif;u (y#dpyö gbk&m;)/ tusdK;u (orkygÜ 'f)/ 'Dvjdk zifh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f ½kyef mrfay:aeNyDa,m*Dw/Ydk jrifwikd ;f ? jrifwikd ;f bm½kyef mrfay:/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f½yk ef mrf)/ 'Dvjdk zifh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fqw dk mu taMumif;udk odr;f qnf;odw,f/ tusdK;udk odr;f qnf; odw,f/ a[m ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓmPfr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fb&k m;)/ a[m-t0dZÆmtzH;k awG yGiv hf mNyD/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd em;rvnf&if t0dZÆm wpfz;kH zH;k aew,f/ ½kyef mrfukd em;rvnf&if t0dZÆmwpfz;kH zH;k w,f/ tck ajymaewJh ½kyef mrf[m rxif&mS ;wJh ½kyef mrfvm;? xif&mS ;wJh ½kyef mrfvm;/ (xif&mS ;wJh ½kyfemrfyg)/ xif&Sm;wJh ½kyfemrfudk ½kyfemrfrSef;odvdkuf&if wjcm;aowmvm;? ouúm,'d|daowmvm;/ (ouúm,'d|ad owmygbk&m;)/ tJ'½D yk ef mrfu a,m*DwYkd tMunfch EH ikd &f UJ vm;/ (rcHEikd yf gbl;)/ tMunhrf cHEikd w f m wjcm; jzpfwmvm;? ysufomG ;wmvm;/ (ysufomG ;wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if t&m0w¬Kwpfco k nf ysufomG ;wm ckid Nf rJvv Ykd m;? rcdik Nf rJvv Ykd m;/ (rcdik Nf rJvyYkd g bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh rckid Nf rJb;l qdw k m a,m*DwYkd aocsm&JUvm;/ (aocsmygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if wjcm;aom yk*Kd¾ vfu Oyrm odMum;rif;BuD;u qif;vmNy;D ? cifAsm;wdcYk ikd Nf rw J ,f? Budr;f armif;vky&f if b,fvkdvkyfrvJ/ (rcdkifNrJ ygbl;)/ [J-odMum; w&m;tm;rxkwfbJeJU awmifajym ajrmufajymrajymeJU/ 'DrSm igaoaocsmcsm tm;xk w f x m;wm/ ig aoaocsmcsm igud k , f w d k i f u d k jrif w m ]]oE´ d | d a um}}= ukd,fwkdifudk,fusjrifwmaemf/ rif;r,Hk tck Munfhprf;yg? ]]{[dyódaum}} ]]tumvdaum}} tckMunfh tckrjrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,fb&k m;)/ ]]oE´|d ad um}} ]]tumvdaum}} av/ tck'rD mS av ½kyef mrfuav olu Y kd MunfhygwJh/ oljzpfNyD;awmh ysufaew,f/ jrifwJh ½kyfemrfonf jzpfNyD;awmh ysufaew,f/ 'um? 'umrawG ]]{[dyódaum}} om w&m;*kPaf wmfawG &Gwaf ewmyg/ &Gwo f m&Gwaf ew,f/ w&m;*kPaf wmf qkw d m &Gw&f rSmvm;/ tm;xkw&f rSmvm;/ (tm;xkw&f rSmygbk&m;)/ ]]{[dyódaum}}? {[d = vmyg yó = ½Iygqdak wmh ½kyef mrfu olu Y kd ½Ivn S ahf c:wm/ w&m;*kPaf wmfaemf/ ]]oE´|d ad um}}qkw d m olrsm;tultnD ,l&rSmvm;? ud, k w f ikd ½f &I rSmvm;/ (ud, fk w f ikd ½f &I rSmygbk&m;)/ ud, k w f ikd ½f aI wmh ud, k w f ikd rf jrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,fb&k m;)/ ,ck½I ,ckjrif/ ,ckjrif ,ckNidrf;wmaygh/ ]]tumvdaum}} = tcsdeftcgra&G; tusdK;ay;w,f/ w&m;onf tusdK;ray;rSmvm;? tusdK;ay;rSmvm;/ (tusdK;ay;ygw,fb&k m;)/ w&m;udk tm;ud;k &if w&m;u jyefNyD;awmh apmifah &Smufygw,f/ 'Dawmh "ar®[a0 &u©"r®mpm&D vlawGyg;pyfzsm;om &Gwaf ewm/ 'um? 'umrawG wu,ftvkyv f yk w f t hJ cg wGeq Yf w k f wGeq Yf w k jf zpfaew,f/ pmwkid ;f pmwkid ;f b,fpmrSmjzpfjzpf 'Dq;kH rpmawG r&Sb d ;l vm;/ w&m;udk apmif&h if w&m;u jyefapmifhw,f/ 'Da'oempOfu "ar®m [a0 &u©wd "r®pm&D vlwdkfif;yg;pyfzsm; EIwfusdK;aewm/ wu,fv h ufawGUvkyyf gqkad wmh auGUa&Smifaewm/ a[m - tck a,m*Dwu Ykd auGUa&Smifwmvm;? wu,f vkyw f mvm;/ (wu,f vkyw f mygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh a[m'D {[d = vmyg? yó=½Iygqkad wmh ud, k w f idk u f , kd u f svnf; Munfv h nf; Munfv h u dk af wmh ,ck½aI wmh ,ck jrifw,f/ wa&;Ed;k x½Iawmh wa&;Ed;k rjrifb;l vm;/ wa&;Ed;k jrifw,f qdak wmh NrJaew,fvaYkd jymwmvm;? rNrJb;l vdaYk jymwmvm;? (rNrJb;l ajymwmyg)/ rNrJb;l qdw k m wjcm;vm;? ysufwmvm;/ (ysufwmygbk&m;)/ uJ--'um? 'umrawG ysufwmcdik v f v Ykd m;? rcdik v f v Ykd m;/ (rcdik v f yYdk gbk&m;)/

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181

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'umrawG aemif tESpf 20 qk&d if touf 50 aygh/ tck touf 50 qkw d hJ yk*Kd¾ vfu aemiftESpf 20 qk&d if touf -70 aygh/ at; - ig touf 70 usawmhrS tzk;d BuD;jzpfawmhrS igtm; xkwrf ,faygh/ t"dymÜ ,f t"dymÜ ,f [kwv f m;/ tzk;d BuD;jzpfawmh &dyo f m vmEkid yf gOD;rvm;/ (rvmEkid yf gbl; bk&m;)/ yg;pyfuom ajymwm/ tJ'D touf-70 xdatmifaum &Si;f ygOD;rvm;/ b,forl S tmrcHcsufr&Sb d ;l / ,aeY 'Dw&m;ukd odwt hJ cgusawmh [ auG;aomvufrqefUrD? qefaY omvufrauG;rD bmjzpfrvJ/ (aoEdik yf gw,fb&k m;)/ aoEkid w f ,f qkw d mu wjcm;jrifwmvm;/ tysujf rifwmvm;/ (tysuf jrifwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'gu orkwo d pöm&JUtysuu f adk jymaewm/ tckajymaewJh cPdutysufu tckjrifpw d w f pfv;Hk ½kyef mrfcE¨may: ,ckrysufb;l vm;/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if jrifpw d f ay:w,f/ ysufw,f/ jrifpw d u f av;ay:w,f/ ysufw,f/ jrifpw d u f av; qkw d m wjcm;ay:wmvm;/ cE¨mvm;/ (cE¨mygbk&m;)/ ½kyfemrf cE¨m ay:w,f/ ysufw,f/ ay:w,f/ ysufw,f/ tysufukdjrifvkdufawmh oów'd|d aow,fvdkY 'gav;rSwfxm;/ yHkaoenf;vmNyD/ ÓmPfwpfqifh wufawmh r,faemf/ tysufuav;udkjrif&if bm'd|dao/ (oów'd|ad o ygw,f bk&m;)/ okjYd zifh tJ'yD suo f mG ;wm[m r&Sb d eJ YJ ysuaf ewmvm;? &SNd y;D awmhrS ysuw f mvm;/ (&SNd y;D awmhrS ysuw f mygbk&m;)/ rjzpfbeJ YJ ysufaewmvm;? jzpfNyD;awmhrS ysufwmvm;/ (jzpfNyD;awmhrS ysufwmygbk&m;)/ jzpfNyD;awmhrS ysufwm/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if jzpfw,fqakd wmh vH;k 0jywfawmufroGm;bl;aygh/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,fb&k m;)/ jzpfw,fqw kd m vH;k 0jywfawmuf oGm;&JUvm;/ roGm;bl;/ tpm;xk;d w,f/ a[m'D cGuu f av; wpfae&mrSm 'Dcu G u f av; tckwnfNyD; r&Sad wmhb;l qk&d if 'DrmS uGuv f yfrjzpfb;l vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ 'Dawmh jyefNyD; tpm;rxd;k &if 'Dae&m uGuv f yfBuD;aygh/ tJ'aD wmh wu,fawmh Oapä''d|q d w dk m tpm;rxk;d wmr[kwb f ;l / 'Dwpfcrk &Sad yr,fh olUae&mudk aemufwpfck tpm;rxd;k bl;vm;/ tJ'aD e&mav; onf r&Sad wmhayr,fh olaY e&mudk tpm;rxd;k bl;vm;/ (xk;d ygw,f)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if cE¨monf (0g) "r®onf tpm;vnf;xd;k w,f? ysufvnf; ysufw,f/ tpm;vnf; xk;d w,f? ysufvnf; ysufw,f/ odjYk zifh tpm;xd;k w,f qkw d m jzpfwm? jzpfNyD;awmh bmjzpfrvJ/ ysufwm/ 'Dawmh jzpfysuf/ jzpfysu/f tJ'g a,m*DwYdk tck½aI ewm wjcm;½Iwmvm;/ jzpfysu½f aI ewmvm;? (jzpfysu½f aI ewmygbk&m;)/ jzpfysu½f w I m/ jzpfysu½f w I ,fqw kd hJ oabmw&m; udk em;vnfatmifaemf/ aumif;Ny/D tJ'v D kd jzpfysuu f kd ½Ivu kd af wmh bmjzpfrvJq&dk if tysufukd jrifawmh oów'd|ad o/ tpm;xk;d wmjrifawmh Oapä''d|ad o? qkpd rf;yg/ * ysufwmudk jrifawmh oów'd|dao? tpm;xkd;wmjrifawmh Oapä''d|dao/

vd r f ; aq;eJ U raysmuf 'Dvjkd zifh tcka,m*DwYkd a[m'D½yk ef mrfcE¨mawG ajymjim;aomfvnf; wjcm;½Iwmvm;? jzpfysuf½w I mvm;/ (jzpfysuf½w I mygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if tedpö 'ku© tewåawGqw kd mu pmvdk yg;pyfu &Gwaf ewm/ ukov dk &f w,f/ &Gwpf rf;yg/ odaYk omf pmvdk &atmif&w G af ewJh t&Gwu f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; ajymwm vdr;f aq;eJUwlw,fw/hJ bmeJUwlwmvJ/ (vdr;f aq;eJY wlwmygbk&m;)/ a&m*gu &ifx&J w dS m/ tay:,Hvrd ;f aq;eJUuawmh ta&mifav;yJ oufom r,f/ aysmufyghrvm;/ (raysmufygbl;)/ raysmufb;l / vdr;f ½Hek YJ raysmufb;l / bmvky&f rvJ/ (aomuf&r,f)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if bke;f BuD;wdt Yk m;vH;k aom aqGawmf rsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawG &ifxrJ mS a&m*gvlwidk ;f &Sw d ,f/ r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ at; ,aeY "mwfav;yg; azmufjyefvYkd jzpfaewJah &m*guawmhjzifh aq;½Hk oGm;wuf q&m0efuak y;ayvdrrhf ,f/ udavoma&m*gu b,fomG ;ukrvJ/ 'gavmuf urÇmrSm aq;ynmawGw;kd wufaewm? ukwJhq&m0efay:NyDvm;/ (ray:ygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'Dq&m0ef ukEdkifzdkYaeaeomom olU&ifxJu a&m*g awmif b,fou l ak y;rSe;f rodb;l / ukro hJ l r&Sb d ;l / &Si;f NyDaemf/ a,m*DwYdk bke;f BuD;wdYk tm;vH;k aom owå0gawG &ifx&J adS ewJh udavom a&m*gudk ukEikd w f m bk&m;wpfyg;&Sw d m/ b,fov l /J (bk&m;yg bk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;[m 182

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

atmifqef;(wyfOD ; )q7mawmf

'um? 'umrwdYk tm;vH;k &JU aq;q&mBuD;ygyJ/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tck - bk e f ; BuD ; wd k Y 0d y óem½I w mu vd r f ; aq; vd r f ; wmr[k w f b l ; / bmvk y f a ewmvJ / (aomufaq;aomufaewm)/ tckyJ acR;w'D;'D;eJY tm;xkwaf ewmu bmvkyaf ewmvJ/ (aomufaq;aomufaewm)/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ 'Dawmh tdrrf mS ykw;D av;pdwv f u kd f bk&m;av;&Scd ;dk vdu k f 'gejyKvdu k f oDvaqmufwnfvu dk q f w kd m bmvkyaf ewmvJ/ (vdr;f aq; vdr;f wmygbk&m;)/ a&m*graysmufEikd b f ;l / oufom½Hw k ifoufomrSm/&Si;f NyaD emf/ tJ'aD wmh bke;f BuD;wdYk &ifxrJ mS &Sw d hJ avmb a'go arm[ tp&Sw d hJ udavomawGonf wjcm;vm;? a&m*gawGvm;/ (a&m*gawGyg bk&m;)/ a&m*gawGukd aysmufEikd zf u Ykd awmh 'um? 'umrawG aomufaq; aomufcs&rSm/ tJ'aD wmh aomufaq;onf wjcm;vm;? 0dyóemvm;/ (0dyóemygbk&m;)/ tedpö 'ku© tewåawG? *kPaf wmfawG? y|mef;awG y&dwaf wG &Gwaf ewmu wjcm;vm;? vdr;f aq;vm;/ (vdr;f aq;ygbk&m;)/ odaYk omf vdr;f aq;vnf; wefz;kd &Sw d ,f/ ta&mift&rf; oufomw,faemf/ rvdr;f eJv Y Ydk ajymwmr[kwb f ;l / tJ'Dawmh emNyD;wJhw&m;udk wu,fhudk cE¨mudk ÓmPfa&muf ydkifydkif EdkifEdkif avsmif; xkdif &yf oGm; £&d,mykwaf v;yg;eJY tm;xkww f mu wjcm;vm;/ aomufaq; aomufwmvm;/ (aomufaq;aomufwmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if 'um? 'umrawG aeraumif;vdYk q&m0efaq;ay;&if ñTeMf um;wJt h wkid ;f aomufraS ygh/ aMomf? 'gu reufwpfBudrf aeYvnfwpfBudrf naewpfBudrf aomufyg? 'guawmh ta&;BuD;w,f 5-Budraf omufyg/ 'guawmh 10-Bud r f a omuf y g ponf j zif h a ygh a emf ? q&m0ef rñT e f M um;bl ; vm;/ tJ ' D ñ T e f M um;wJ h t wd k i f ; aomuf aysmufuakd ysmuf&r,f/ (rSev f yS g)/ 'DOyrm vdyk aJ emf/ tckbek ;f BuD;wdYk 'um? 'umrawGukd jrwfpmG bk&m; ud, k af wmf jrwfBuD; r[mowdy|meokwaf [mxm;wm/ aq;ñTe;f xm;wm/ bmvkyf wmvJ/ (aq;ñTe;f xm;wmygbk&m;)/ aq;ñTe;f xm;wm/ jrif&if 'Dtwkid ;f rMunfeh UJ ? ½I&rSm/ ½Icidk ;f wm/ wjcm;vkyw f mvm;/ aq;aomuf ckid ;f wmvm;/ (aq;aomufcdkif;wmygbk&m;)/ uJ ½Iaum½IMunfh&JUvm;/ (½Iygw,fbk&m;)/ aq;aum aomufMu&JUvm;/ (aomufygw,fb&k m;)/ aq;ñTe;f twkid ;f aomufr/S jrifwikd ;f jrifwikd ;f jrifwikd ;f ½Iaewmonf wjcm;vm;? aq;ñTe;f twdik ;f aomufwmvm;/ (aq;ñTe;f twkid ;f aomufwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'v D kd aq;ñTe;f twkid ;f aomufw,fqw kd m jrifwmonf t½IcEH iS hf t½IÓmPf yJ&w dS ,f/

avmuG w f a wG a csmf a[m'D t½IcjH rifwmu wjcm;vm;? cE¨m 5-yg;vm;/ (cE¨m 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ t½IÓmPfonf wjcm;vm;? r*¾if 5-yg;vm;/ (r*¾if 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh a,m*DwUdk r½I&if udavom0ifw,f/ ½I&if r*¾i&f w,f/ 'Dvjdk zifh r*¾ifqkdwm wpfoufeJUwpfukd,f wpfoHo&meJUwpfem; b,fwkef;urQ &zl;wm r[kwfbl;/ a[m - ,aeY wpfreufuav; wpf puúeUf av; wpfred pfav; touf&iS af ewm r*¾ief UJ touf&iS af ewm/ ,aeY a,m*DwUdk &JU wpfaeUwm&Siw f ahJ eU[m r*¾ief UJ touf&iS af ewm/ ,aeY a,m*D wkUd &JUwpfaeU wm&Siw f ahJ eY[m rjrwfb;l vm;/ 'Dvrdk S r*¾it f pm;rxk;d &if wjcm;tpm;xk;d rSmvm;/ udavomtpm;xk;d rSmvm;/ (udavom tpm; xk;d rSmyg bk&m;)/ udavomtpm;xk;d zkUd ukd a[m'DrmS y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f ukMd unh&f if 'gukd rsufpyd #dpo ö rkygÜ 'f ajymaewmaemf/ jrifw,fqw dk m rsufped UJ tqif;eJU wku d v f Udk yg/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'frmS jrifw,fqw dk m oVm,we axmufjyygw,f/ oVm,wewGif tm,we 12-yg;rSm rsufpd 'DrmS rygbl;vm;/ tqif;rygbl;vm;/ rsufped UJ tqif; 2-ck qkw H m bmygvdr/hf (zó)/ rsufped UJ tqif; 2-ckqv Hk Udk cHpm;wmu (a0'em)/ oabmuswmu (wPSm)/ pGv J ef;wmu (Oyg'gef)/ aqmif&u G w f m u (ur®b0)/ ur®b0ypö,m (Zmwd)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fudk em;rvnf wJo h l rjzwfwo hJ u l rsupf ed UJ wpfcsujf rifwidk ;f jrifwidk ;f ckEpS pf Ofwef;ygw,f a,m*DwUdk / b,fEpS pf Ofwef;/ (ckEpS pf Ofwef;ygw,f)/ ckEpS pf Ofwef;wmav; axmufMunhyf g/ b,foal wGv/J (oVm,we? zó? a0'em? wPSm? Oyg'gef? ur®b0?

Zmwd)/ tJ'g bke;f BuD;u a'oempOf a[maewm/ aMomf - 'Dawmh obm0eJU tm*rqkw d m obm0ud, k w fh idk u f dk jyef[yf/ uk, d u hf , dk u f dk jyef[yfawmh bke;f BuD;wkUd 183

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&Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,f)/ tJ'v D kd ypöKyÜew f nfw h nfu h kd 'um? 'umrawG ½Iwmonf wjcm;vm;? 0dyóemvm;/ (0dyóemyg bk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh 0dyóemqkw d m ypöKyÜew f nfw h nfyh ½J w I ,f/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'aD wmh jrif&if wjcm;½I&rSmvm;? jrifw,fvYkd ½I&rSmvm;/ (jrifw,fvYdk ½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh jrifwmonf wjcm;vm;? ½kyef YJ emrfvm;/ (½kyef UJ emrfygbk&m;)/ tjrifc&H wm ½kyef UJ emrfy/J &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'aD wmh jrifvu kd w f hJ ½kyef mrfukd jrifw,fvYkd odvu dk w f monf wjcm;vm;? r*¾if 5-yg;vm;/ (r*¾if 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tjrwfxu G o f mG ;NyD/ tjrwfxu G o f mG ;NyD/ jrifvu kd w f hJ r*¾if 5-yg;aemf/ tJ'D jrifvu dk w f hJ tcgusawmh 'DjrifwhJ ½kyef mrfonf NrJovm;? rNrJb;l vm;/ (rNrJygbl;bk&m;)/ rNrJb;l vdYk odvu dk w f hJ tcgusawmh wjcm;aowmvm;? oów'd|ad owmvm;/ (oów'd|d aowmygbk&m;)/ jrifw,f jrifw,fvkdY qufrSwfawmh aemufwpfcg tpm;rxkd;bl;vm;/ (tpm;xdk;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tpm;xkd;w,fvdkY odvdkufwJh tcgusawmh jywfoGm;wmvm;? tpm;xkd;wmvm;/ (tpm;xd;k wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh jywfw,f awmufw,f qdw k hJ Oapä''d|d raobl;vm;/ (aoygw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh yHak oenf;udk a,m*DwYkd rSwx f m;/ * tysufudk jrif&if oów'd|dao/ tpm;xkd;wm(jzpfwm)udk jrif&if Oapä''d|dao o/ tJ'aD wmh jzpfysufqw dk hJ pum;vH;k eJY ed*;kH csKyfaemf/ tJ'jD zpfwmawG[m a,mufsm; rde;f r yk*Kd¾ vfowå0gawGvm;/ cE¨mawGvm;/ (cE¨mawGygbk&m;)/ cE¨mudk cE¨mvkYd odvu dk Nf yDqu dk wnf;u ouúm,'d|rd aobl;vm;/ (aoygw,fb&k m;)/ a[m--a,m*DwYkd q&m orm;\ ÓmPfukd rSí D tEkaAm"ÓmPfaemf/ q&morm;\ ÓmPfukd rSw D mu tEkaAm"ÓmPfvYkd ac:w,f/ ud, fk w f idk ;f ud, k u f s vufawGUusus tm;xkwf wmu y#da0"ÓmPfvYkd ac:w,f/ tck a,m*DwYdk ÓmPf 2 ÓmPf&&r,f/ uJ-qkd tEkaAm"ÓmPf? y#da0"ÓmPf/ tEkaAm"ÓmPfqw kd m q&mhÓmPfukd rSw D m/ tcka,m*Dwu Ydk kd y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd ajymaeNyD/ [m- ay:qJ ½kyef mrfonf jzpfw,f/ ysufw,f/ 'Dv½kd yI gqkw d m a,m*DwYkd odomG ;NyD/ b,foUl ÓmPfukd rSo D w d mvJ/ (q&mhÓmPfukd rSo D w d mygbk&m;)/ *kPw f ufomG ;NyDa,m*Dw/Ydk ud, k w f ikd u f , kd u f sav; rsupf ad v;yJ rSw d rf w dS ?f vufawGUusus tm;xkwv f u dk &f if 'Dtwkid ;f wu,frjrif&bl;vm;/ (jrif&ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'ÓD mPfonf wjcm;ÓmPfvm;/ y#da0"OmPfvm;/ (y#da0"ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ okjYd zifh a,m*DwrYdk mS ÓmPf 2-ÓmPf&&r,f/ tEkaAm"ÓmPf&,f/ y#da0" ÓmPf&,f/ tJ'ÓD mPf 2-ÓmPfeUJ ½Ivu dk &f if? a,m*DwYkd Munfh 'Dw&m;u r&bJ r&Sb d ;l / &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'aD wmh ckejyefajymr,f/ tysufukd jrif&if bm'd|ad o/ (oów'd|d aoygw,fb&k m;)/ tjzpfukd jrifawmh bm'd|ad o/ (Oapä''d|ad oygw,f)/ tJ'jD zpfysufwm yk*Kd¾ vfowå0g? a,mufsm; rdef;rawGvm;? cE¨mawGvm;/ (cE¨mawGygbk&m;)/ puwnf;u cE¨mudk cE¨mvkdY odvkdufawmh bm'd|dao/ (ouúm,'d|ad oygw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if tJ'gudk q&morm;\ÓmPfukd rDNS yD; todeYJ 'd|ad o&if plV aomwmyef? b,favmuf0rf;omp&maumif;vJ/ plVaomwmyefuae ud, k w f ikd yf mG ;rsm; tm;xkwv f u dk v f Ykd tyGm;eJY ty,feUJ 'd|ad o&if r[maomwmyef/ tJ'aD wmh plVaomwmyefqadk wmh t&Sib f &k m; bmaus;Zl;rsm;rvJ/ [kwNf y/D wpfb0? ESpb f 0 tyg,frusb;l / tmrcHcsuf&w dS ,f/ bmwJv h /J (wpfb0? ESpb f 0 tyg,frusygbl;bk&m;)/ 'DrmS 'g odyt f a&;BuD;ygw,f/ a[m- ,aeY a,m*Dwu Ydk a[m'D y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;udk emwJt h cg usawmh ½kyyf eJ mrfyv J Ykd odvu kd &f if bm'd|ad o/ (ouúm,'d|d aoygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'D ½kyef mrfudk olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;udk vrf;rqH;k bJeUJ ud, k w f ikd f uk, d u f s apmifNh yD; ½Iv&Ydk &dS if tysufujkd rif&if bm'd|ad o/ (oów'd|ad oygw,f bk&m;)/ tpm;xk;d wmjrif&if bm'd|ad o/ (Oapä''d|daoygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gudk q&morm;a[mwmav;udk aoaocsmcsm *CePem;vnfvdkY oabm ayguf&ifuykd J plVaomwmyef rjzpfb;l vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ a[m--tmrcH csu&f oGm;Ny/D &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh a,m*DwYkd ,aeYemwJh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m; opömw&m;onf tmrcHcsu&f adS om w&m;vkYd qH;k jzwfcsucf s/ 187

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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tJ'D tmrcHcsuf&w dS monf wjcm;w&m;emvdv Yk m;/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;emvdv Yk m;/ (y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;emvdyYk gbk&m;)/ qufwm udv k nf; od&r,f/ jzwfwmudv k nf; odr,f/ tJ'v D dk rsupf yd #dpo ö rkygÜ 'f emNy;D awmh rjzwf&if aeYpOfaeYwidk ;f y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f rqufb;l vm;/ (qufygw,fb&k m;)/ wpfaeYtBudraf ygif; b,favmufquf/ (ra&rwGuEf idk yf gbl;bk&m;)/ 'DuaeY acwfpm;aewJh uGeyf sLwmeJU wGuaf wmif uGefysLwm ysufpD;oGm;r,f/ 'Davmufrsm;wm/ tJ'gavmufrsm;w,fqkdw,fqkdawmhum tyg,fuae wufEikd yf ghO;D rvm;/ (rwufEikd yf gbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh 'Dr*¾it f vkyu f kd rvkyo f rQ umvywfv;kH vlrjzpfao;ygbl; a,m*Dw/Ykd vljzpfaomfvnf; xrif;pm;vkYd BuD;wJv h yl &J rdS ,f/ ao&iftyg,fusr,fh vlyJ jzpfygw,f/ ta&;rBuD;wmvm;? ta&;BuD; wmvm;/ (ta&;BuD;wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh rsufpu d ae pwJt h wGuf rdrw d rYkd mS [drk mS tyg,fudk a&mufw,f/ 'gaMumifh q&mawmfb&k m;rsm;u vG,v f , G u f u l l rSwrf ad tmif bmaqmify'k u f av;ay;xm;vJqadk wmh-* rsufpdujzpf wPSmnpfudk cGmypfEkdif&ef eifonf;cH edAÁmefa&muf rnf{uefwnf;/ tJ'aD wmh rsufpu d ae jzpfvu kd af wmh a[m-- a0'emypö,m wPSm/ tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vf 'kua© &mufNyD/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh a0'emeda&m"m wPSm eda&ma"m/ a0'emeda&m"m wPSmeda&ma"mjzpfatmif 'um? 'umrawG a0'emjzpfwidk ;f jzpfwikd ;f wjcm;0if&rSmvm;? r*¾i0f if&rSmvm;/ (r*¾i0f if&rSmyg bk&m;)/ b,fEyS g;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D r*¾if 5-yg;eJU jrif&ifjrifw,fvYkd odvu dk &f if r*¾if 5-yg;yJ/ a[m em;uMum;&if Mum;w,fvYkd odvu kd &f if r*¾if 5-yg;/ ESmacgif;u arT;&ife&H if arT;w,few H ,fvYkd odvu kd &f if r*¾if 5-yg;yJ/ vQmay:rSm csdK&ifcsKdw,fvo Ydk &d if r*¾if 5-yg;/ b,favmuf tzd;k wefvu kd v f /J pdwu f BuHpnf&ifBuHpnfw,fvo Ykd &d if r*¾if 5-yg;/ reufu ajymcJw h ,f/ t0wf0wf&if t0wf0wfwmav;udk od&r,faygh/ qdzk mukvm;xkid f xdik w f t hJ cgusawmh rxdawGUbl;vm;/ xd&if xdwmav;odvu dk yf g a,m*Dw/Ykd xkid pf rf;yg/ wu,ft h aumif;pm;awG xkid pf rf;yg--aemf/ taumif;pm;udk xkid w f t hJ cgusawmh xd&if xdwmudk od&if wjcm;&wmvm;? r*¾ i f & wmvm;/ (r*¾ i f & wmygbk & m;)/ trav;--'D v d k q k d z muk v m;xk d i f a v; xk d i f v k d u f & wm/ igh u d k Nid r f Zdru f somG ;w,fqw dk m wjcm;vSr;f Munhw f mvm;/ ',ft;kd vSr;f Munfw h mvm;/ (',ft;kd vSr;f Munfw h m ygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh tdrrf mS ypön;f aumif;aumif;oH;k &if owdxm;OD;/ ypön;f aumif;aumif;oH;k wm a[m'Dy#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fom rjzwf&if oH;k wdik ;f ok;H wdik ;f wjcm;aus;Zl;jyKrSmvm;? tyg,faus;Zl;jyKrSmvm;/ (tyg,faus;Zl;jyK rSmygbk&m;)/ 'DrmS av ckEpS pf Ofwef;wm/ reufuvnf; um,eJU ywfoufwm a,m*DwYkd oifNy;D NyaD v/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'aD wmh em;&Sad wmh em;y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f/ rsufp&d adS wmh rsufpyd #dpo ö rkygÜ 'f/ vQm&Sad wmh vQmy#dpö orkygÜ 'faygh/ vQmy#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fuawmh aeYwidk ;f a,m*Dwu Ydk kd oifaewmyJ/

a&uef \ tjypf r [k w f tJ'aD wmh a,m*Dwu Ykd wpfoufv;kH wpfoo H &mvH;k u wpfu, kd v f ;kH ayvmwJh &TaH wGayghav/ wpfu, kd v f ;kH ayvmw,fqw dk mu rpifew YJ w l ,faygh/ udavomqdw k m wjcm;eJUwlwmvm;? rpifeUJ wlwmvm;/ (rpifeUJ wlwmyg bk&m;)/ wpfu, kd v f ;kH wpfxnfv;kH wpfoufv;kH wpfcgwnf;rSukd ESmacgif;udk rwifEikd af vmufatmif eHvmwJh rpifawG ayvmw,fxm;OD;awmh/ 'DuaeY a&wpfcsuu f av; csKd ;csvu dk &f if raysmufb;l vm;/ (aysmufygw,fb&k m;)/ 'DuaeY wpfoufv;kH wpfoo H &mvH;k u a[m'D tm½Hk 6-yg;? 'Gg& 6-aygufeUJ ay:wJh tcsdet f cgrSm avmb a'go arm[ rme 'd|ad wG ay:aewmu rpifv;l aewmeJUwlw,f/ ,cktcsdecf grSm jrifwidk ;f r*¾iaf v;ude;f vku d w f mu a&aq;wmeJY wlw,f/ 'Dawmh a,m*DwUkd rSm wpfoufv;kH 188

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wpfoo H &mvH;k u 'Dtwdik ;f aevmwm rpifawG ayaewm/ rpifawG ayrSe;f od&if 'Dwikd ;f ae&rSmvm;/ a&aq;&rSmvm;/ (a&aq;&rSmygbk&m;)/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'gaMumifrh v Ykd Ykd a[m'DrmS rdrw d rYkd mS r*¾iq f w kd hJ a&&Syd gvsuef UJ raq;bl;qk&d if ud, k ahf vmuf rdu k w f o hJ l &SOd ;D rvm;/ 'gaMumifh 0do'k g¨ ½kq H &mawmfb&k m;BuD;u * rpifvl;vQif at;Munfvifonfh a&pif&SdvQuf raq;&uf uefwGuf r[kwfay/ tJ'aD wmh rpifawG ayvdYk usHvYkd &S&d if a&av;eJU aq;vdu k v f Ykd &S&d if udprö jywfb;l vm;/ (jywfygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'gaMumifrh Ykd y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f qufomG ;wm wjcm;eJw Y w l mvm;? rpifew YJ w l mvm;/ (rpifeUJ wlwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f rqufbJeJU tckwpfcsufuav;jzwfvdkufwmonf wjcm;eJU wlwmvm;? a&eJUwlwmvm;/ (a&eJUwlwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh a,m*DwYkd em;rSmvnf;yJ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f odyaf Mumufp&maumif;w,f/

atmif E d k i f ol tJ'Dawmh em;y#dpöorkyÜg'f jzwfEkdifzdkYtwGufu owdy|mefav; OD;pm;ay;? a,m*DwdkY/ w&m;uvnf; ed*;kH csKyfr,fqadk wmh tdrjf yefwhJ tcgrSm 'gav; owdawmh ay;vku d yf g&ap/ em;&Sw d ,faemf/ em;u y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f rjzwf&if [krd mS rqufb;l vm;/ tJ'aD wmh em;udk a,m*DwYkd toH;k csyg/ bke;f BuD;wdu k w f eG ;f csifwmu [m 'Dvjdk zifh em;&Sad wmh b,fvt kd oH;k csrvJ/ 'Dawmh aumif;wmav; Mum;awmhavmb? oGm;NyD/ olwYkd ajymwmqdw k mudk odyfrBudKuf&if a'go? oGm;NyD/ em;tay:rSm cE¨may:wm rodawmh arm[? oGm;NyD/ wjcm;oGm;wmvm;/ tyg,fomG ;wmvm;/ (tyg,fomG ;wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'v D dk roGm;atmif a,m*DwYkd owdy|mefav;ude;f yg/ tJ tdrrf mS 'umBuD; awG 'umrBuD;awG &Sdw,f/ ukd,fhZeD;armifESHawG&Sdw,f/ bmyJajymajym owdy|mefudkrvGwfapeJU/ bke;f BuD;wku d w f eG ;f csifwmuaemf 'g--tdryf g vufaqmifay;aeNyDaemf/ bmudk tm;ud;k &rvJ/ (owdy|mefygbk&m;)/ owdy|mefukd tm;ud;k &r,f/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if 'umBuD;uvnf; 'umrBuD; ajymwmudk rMum;bl;vm;/ (Mum;ygw,f)/ 'umrBuD;uvnf; 'umBuD; ajymwmudk rMum;bl;vm;/ (Mum;ygw,f)/ odaYk omf Mum;w,fqw dk mu rajymvkYd Mum;wmvm;? ajymvdMYk um;wmvm;/ (ajymvdMYk um;wmygbk&m;)/ uJ- 'Dvjkd zif&h if tdrrf mS bke;f BuD;wdYk ud, k ahf qGawG rsdK;awG rdawG zawG 'umBuD;awG 'umrBuD;awG[m b,fou l ydNk y;D awmh ylnyH n l H tajymrsm;vJ/ tJ'aD wmh ud, k t hf aMumif;uk, d o f ad emf/ tif;- tajymrsm;&if Mum;awmhr,f/ tJ ' D a wmh 'umrBuD ; tajymrsm;w,f q d k & if 'umBuD ; awG owd x m;aemf / jyef r ajymeJ U / Mum;w,f Mum;w,fvrYdk w S af eaemf/ ol[ Y m olarmNyD; Nidro f mG ;vdrrhf ,f/ a[m ol[ Y molajymaewm olaY 'goeJUolomG ;NyD/ [drk mS ',ft;kd vSr;f Munfw h m/ a[m- ud, k u f vnf; ud, k [ hf mud, k f Mum;w,f Mum;w,fqw dk mu 'um? 'umrawG 'DrmS Munfh edAmÁ efuo kd mG ;rSm/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'aD wmh olv Y rf;olavQmuf ud, k v hf rf;ud, k af vQmuf/ tJ'aD wmh Mum;&if Mum;w,fvYdk wpfcsufuav; ½Ivu kd &f if tJ'gatmifEikd o f jl zpfomG ;NyD/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'g y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f udk 'Denf;eJU jzwfvu kd &f if 'um? 'umrawG avmurSm atmifygw,f/ w&m;uawmh a[mcsifao;w,f/ awmfO;D rSaemf/ uJ--w&m;yGo J rd ;f NyD; qkawmif;arwåmydv Yk u dk Mf u&atmif/ ( om"k --- om"k --- om"k )

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rodjyHK; jyHK;ae tm;vH;k aom a,m*Dtaygif;olawmfaumif;wdYk -þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&u G v f mcJMh uwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fE&S uf &SNd yDv/J (9-&ufajrmufygbk&m;)/ ,aeY pcef;yGJ 9-&ufajrmuf eHeufjzpfomG ;NyDaemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ 9-&ufajrmufeeH ufrmS bke;f BuD;wdYk aMunmxm;wJt h wdik ;f a,m*Drsm; y&d,wfomoemude;f zdYk q&mwm0efyv J Ykd rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'D y&d,wfomoema,m*DwYkd ude;f oGm;&if t½kPw f ufwmyJw/hJ y&d,wf omoem b,favmufxd a,m*Dwu Ykd kd aus;Zl;jyKEdik v f q J &dk if aoaocsmcsm cE¨mÓmPfa&muf oabmaygufomG ;NyD; ÓmPfxrJ mS &Si;f oGm;NyD? oHo,awG vGwo f mG ;NyDq&kd if plVaomwmyef pcef;wufvrS ;f Ekid w f myJayghaemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ tJ'D plVaomwmyef pcef;wufvrS ;f oGm;vd&Yk &dS if tmrcHcsuf&NdS yDaygh/ (rSev f yS g)/ omref'ge tmrcHv&Ydk yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ omrefov D tmrcHv&Ykd &JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if ,ck p l V aomwmyef p cef ; a&muf o G m ;wm tck a,m*D w d k Y tm;vH k ; wG u f tmrcH c suf & S d N yD / (rS e f v S y g)/ b,fvt kd mrcHcsuf&o Sd vJqakd wmh wpfb0 ESpb f 0awmh tyg,fpw d cf s &w,f/ rusbl;wJah emf/ wpfb0 ESpb f 0 tyg,frusbl;/ ½d;k ½d;k 'Dvw kd &m;udk rem tm;rxkw&f if rd½;kd zvmavmufeUJ wif;wdraf evQif bke;f BuD;wdYk a,m*D awG tmrcHcsuf&ydS ghrvm;/ (r&Syd gbl; bk&m;)/ 'g tifrwef tjrifw h &m;awG a[mwJt h cgusawmh txufwef; Ak'b ¨ momrsm;twGuf ta&;BuD;w,faemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ jrefrmEdik if rH mS &Sw d hJ vlO;D a&eJUwGurf ,fq&dk if rlvwef;Ak'b ¨ momeJU tv,fwef;Ak'b ¨ momavmufrsm;ygw,f/ txufwef;wufvSrf;EdkifwJh yk*¾dKvfu vlwpf&m wpfa,mufr&Sdao;bl; a,m*DwdkY/ urÇmhpHcsdefeJUwGuf&if ajymraeeJUawmhaemf/ tifrwef ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh y&d,wf omoemtaeeJU ude;f zdu Yk kd uJ 7-rsdK;udk oifMur,fvYkd aMunmwmayghaemf/ 7-rsdK;u bmawGv/J (cE¨m? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f? t½Ic?H t½IÓmPf) qkNd yD;awmh ,aeY a,m*Dwu Ykd kd t½IceH UJ t½IÓmPfqNdk yD;awmh oD;oefaY v; oifwef;oGm;ygr,f/ 'grSvnf;yJ pcef;yGw J pfyNJG yD;oGm;wJt h cg xku d o f nft h m;avsmfpmG odoifw h mav;vnf; odomG ;atmifaygh [kwv f m;/ okaYd omf tukeaf wmh rpHb k ;l aemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ 'Dpcef;av; wpfpcef;od½kH avmufeUJ 'um?'umrawG pHw k ,fvYdk rxifeUJ [kwv f m;/ wu,fawmh bke;f BuD;oifay;&rSm y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f 6-rsdK;udk wpfcpk D tao;pdwf oifzu Ykd kd usefygao;w,f/ okaYd omf tJ'geJUwif tcsdeu f ek o f mG ;rSm pd;k vdYk 'DuaeY t½IceH UJ t½IÓmPf[m a,m*Dwv Ykd ufxrJ mS oifwef;pm&Guaf wG &Sw d ,faemf/ tJ'v D ufxu J &Sw d o hJ ifwef;pm&Guu f usefaevdrYk jzpfb;l / tJ'aD wmh ,aeYoif&r,fh oifwef;u pdwåmEkyóem ½IymG ;enf;udk aus;Zl;jyKygr,f/ 'Dawmh tEkyóem 4-yg;&Sdw,f/ 'gav; A[kokwrSwfygOD;/ b,fESpfyg;&Sd/ (4-yg;&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ um,mEkyóem? a0'emEkyóem? pdwåmEkyóem? "r®mEkyóem&,f tEkyóem b,fEpS yf g;/ (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D tEkyóem 4-yg;qkw d m t½Icw H &m;udk ajymaeygw,f/ tck bke;f BuD; wkYd aMunmwJt h xJrmS t½IcH t½IÓmPf r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,f)/ tck tEkyóem 4-yg;onf bmygvdr/hf (t½Icw H &m;ygbk&m;)/ t½Icw H &m; qkad wmh ½kyjf zpfwikd ;f ½kyjf zpfwikd ;f ½Iaewmu um,mEkyóem owdy|mef/ cHpm;wkid ;f cHpm;wkid ;f ½Iaewmu a0'emEkyóem owdy|mef/ pdwfjzpfwdkif; jzpfwdkif; ½Iwmu pdwåmEkyóem owdy|mef/ oabm½Iwmu "r®mEkyóem owdy|mef&,fvYkd b,fEpS yf g; (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh owdy|mefw&m; 4-yg;u avhvmpmzwfxm;wJh yk*Kd¾ vfawGuawmh 'Davmuf txl;&Si;f p&m rvdb k ;l ayghaemf/ tckrS pcef;xJa&mufvmwJh yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;twGuu f 'g 190

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odyf ta&;BuD;ygw,f a,m*Dw/Ykd uJ--vku d q f v dk u kd /f * ½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pkdufum aocsm½I&rnf/ tJ'g pmvdk um,mEkyóem owdy|mefayghaemf/ trsm;em;vnfwhJ pum;eJUusawmh ½kyjf zpfwikd ;f jzpfwidk ;f bmvky&f rvJ/ (½I&ygr,fb&k m;)/ tJ'g bmEkyóem/ (um,mEkyóem)/ uJ--jyefajymr,f/ * ½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pkdufum aocsm ½I&rnf/ * cHpm;wdkdif;om pl;pkdufum aocsm½I&rnf/ cHpm;wdik ;f qdw k mu bmtEkyóemvJ/ (a0'emEkyóem owd y|mef)/ cHpm;wkid ;f ½Iwmu (a0'emEkyóem)/ jyefajymr,faemf/ * cHpm;wkdif;om pl;pkdufum aocsm½I&rnf/ uJ--aemufwpfcsufu * pdwfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pkdufum aocsm½I&rnf/ pdwjf zpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f ½I&wm bmtEkyóemvJ/ (pdwåmEkyóemyg bk&m;)/ aemufwpfcsuf--* oabmwkdif;om pl;pkdufum aocsm½I&rnf/ oabmwkdif; ½Iwmu "r®mEkyóem/ 'Dawmh tEkyóem tck b,fESpfyg;/ (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ uJ-qkMd unhyf g/ * ½kyfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pkdufum aocsm½I&rnf/ * cHpm;wdkif;om pl;pkdufum aocsm½I&rnf/ * pdwfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pkdufum aocsm½I&rnf/ * oabmwdkif;om pl;pkdufum aocsm½I&rnf/ * ½IvQif ½IvQif trSefjrif jynf0if edAÁmefjyn ynf/ tJ'g owdy|mef 4-yg;udk a,m*DwYkd ½I&rSm/ tck-,aeY0yd óem w&m;tm;xkwaf ewm tajccHonf wjcm;w&m;vm;? owdy|mef w&m;vm;/ (owdy|mefw&m;ygbk&m;)/ tcka,m*Dwu Ydk kd aeYwidk ;f oifaewm aemf/ oGm;&ifvnf; oGm;wmudk ½Iyg/ roifbl;vm;/ (oifygw,f)/ &yf&if vnf; &yfwmudk ½Iyg/ roifbl;vm;/ (oifygw,fb&k m;)/ t0wf0wf &ifvnf; t0wf0wfwmudk r½I&bl;vm;/ (½I&ygw,fb&k m;)/ aemufq;kH awmh a&csKd ;vnf; a&csKd ;wmudk r½I&bl;vm;/ acgif;Nz;D awmhvnf; acgif;Nz;D wm r½I&bl;vm;/ (½I&ygw,fb&k m;)/ trlt,mwdik ;f trlt,mwdik ;f udk bmvky&f rvJ/ (½I&ygr,fb&k m;)/ r½IvYkd r&bl; a,m*DwaYkd emf/ ½IwyhJ *k Kd¾ vf twGuu f ,aeY touf&iS &f wm jrwfw,f/ r½IwyhJ *k Kd¾ vftwGuu f tEÅ&m,fBuD;eJUae&wm/ &efoel UJ ae&wm/ bmjzpfvv Ykd q J adk wmh trlt&m wdik ;f trlt&mwkid ;f rSm pdwaf wG ol[ Y meJUol ray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,fb&k m;)/ ½kyaf wG ray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,fb&k m;)/ cHpm;rIawG ray:bl;vm;/ (ay:yg w,f)/ tJ'gawG ay:aewmudk a,m*DwYkd r½Iv&Ykd &dS if odyghrvm;/ (rodygbl; bk&m;)/ rodv&Ykd &dS if y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f yHak oenf;eJUqkad wmh wjcm;jzpfwmvm;? t0dZmÆ jzpfwmvm;/ (t0dZmÆ jzpfwmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmonf ukov dk v f m;? tukov dk v f m;/ (tukov kd yf gbk&m;)/ tJ'gae&if; xkid &f if;eJU bmrSrvkyb f eJ UJ wufaewJh tukov kd af wG/ odaYk omf 'Dtukov kd u f 'Dwikd ;f aerSmvm;? tusdK;ay;rSmvm;/ (tusdK;ay;rSmygbk&m;)/ taMumif;&S&d if tusd K ;&d S y gw,f / t0d Z Æ m taMumif ; &S d & if [d k u wd & pä m ef tusd K ;ay;rS m / tJ ' D j zpf a y:aewJ h trl t &mawG rsufawmifav;cwfwmu pNyD;awmh 'um? 'umrawG r½Irw S b f ;l qkad wmh [du k t0dZÆm0ifwm/ t0dZÆm0ifwmeJU wpfcgwnf; olU&JU wGaJ zmfwzJG uf todik ;f t0ef;uvmNyD/ ud, k [ hf mav;eJU ud, k f tqifajyaevdYk oabmusvdYk jyHK;ae&if wjcm;vm;? avmbvm;/ (avmbygbk&m;)/ avmbNyHK;NyHK;wm/ odvYkd NyHK;wmvm;? rodNyHK;NyHK; aewmvm;/ 191

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(rodNyHK;NyHK; aewmygbk&m;)/ ud, k b hf 0av;eJU ud, k [ hf mav;eJU ud, k t f qifajyae&if NyHK;aewm rodNyHK;NyHK;wmwJ/h rodwmu t0dZÆm/ NyHK;aewmu wPSmavmb/ a[m- t0dZÆmeJU wPSm0ifaeNyD/

b0puf0dkif; tJawmh wPSm avmbqkw d mu BuD;rm;wJh tukov dk f r[kwaf y r,fv h nf; &ifxu J ae jzpfay:vmcJw h hJ tukov kd w f &m;awG/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f cGicf sMunfv h u dk w f t hJ cgusawmh avmbjzpfwikd ;f jzpfwidk ;f (0g) wPSmjzpfwidk ;f jzpf w d k i f ; wjcm;oG m ;rS m vm;? Nyd w å m jynf o G m ;rS m vm;/ (Nyd w å m jynf o G m ;rS m yg bk & m;)/ yH k a oenf ; av;ud k Munfo h x d m;wJt h cgusawmh ud, k b hf 0av;eJY ud, k ahf eYpOf aeYwidk ;f av; wpfcsuf ESpcf suf oH;k csuf av;csuf owdav;xm; xm;NyD; ESpfcg oHk;cg av;cgqdkovdk aeYpOfaeYwkdif; oGm;&if;vm&if; pm;&if; aomuf&if; csuf&if; jyKwf&if; [kwv f m; - owdav;xm;ae&if ud, k yhf #dpö orkygÜ 'f ud, k jf rifwmaygh a,m*Dw/Ydk (rSev f yS g)/ tJ'v D kd jrifNyDq&dk if wpfcsuf uav;jrifw,fq&kd ifuykd J 'um? 'umrawG? ud, k t hf wGuf wpfouf pmtwGuu f kd taxmuftyHrh &bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/ bmaMumifhvJ vdkYqkdawmh 'Dvdk wpfcsufuav;odvdkufwm wpfcsufuav;jrifvdkufwm jzwfwmac:w,f/ bmvkyw f mvJ/ (jzwfwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if 'Dy#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fudk rjzwf&if awmufavQmufrqufb;l vm;/ (qufygw,fb&k m;)/ a0'emypö,m (wPSmygbk&m;)/ aeYwikd ;f aeYwikd ;f jrifwikd ;f quf Mum;wdik ;f quf pm;wdik ;f quf oGm;wkid ;f quf 0wfwikd ;f quf aeYwidk ;f quf tvum; aeYwikd ;f aeYwikd ;f qufaewm a0'emypö,m wPSm/ wPSmypö,m Oyg'geH/ Oyg'geypö,m ur®b0/ ur®b0ypö,m Zmwd/ bmZmwd/ (i&JZmwdygbk&m;)/ tJ'g tdrrf mS aeorQ ttm;aeorQ tvum; aeorQ tyg,fZmwdyJ jzpfw,fqw dk m bke;f BuD;ajcmufa[mwJh pum;vH;k wpfv;kH rS rygbl;/ a,m*DwYkd rsufped UJ tjrif a[m'DrSm om"u puf0dkif;BuD;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ 'Dpuf0dkif;BuD;[m ukd,fhb0&JU puf0dkif;BuD; yg a,m*Dw/Ydk aeYpOfaeYwidk ;f 'Dwikd ;f jzpfaew,fqw dk mudk vG,v f , G u f u l l rsufped UJ jrifawmh ydNk yD;awmh rxif&mS ;bl;vm;/ (xif&mS ;ygw,f)/ puf0ikd ;f om r&S&d if bke;f BuD;a[mcsifoavmuf a[m/ tmaygufNyD; vnfacsmif;om uGo J mG ;r,f? em;vnfrmS r[kwb f ;l a[m/ 'DrmS rsufped UJ jrif&w,fqadk wmh 'gNyD;&if 'gjzpfr,f/ 'gNyD;&if 'gjzpfr,f/ 'grjzpfapcsif&if 'grjzpfatmif jzwf/ a[m w&m;ur&Si;f bl;vm;/ (&Si;f ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'aD wmh w&m;&Si;f oGm;&if ud, k [ hf meJUud, k f tvkyv f yk zf Ykd ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ &Si;f NyDaemf/

rd a t;ES p f c gem tJ'aD wmh owdy|mefqadk wmh ckeu um,mEkyóem? a0'em? "r®? pdwåm tJ'v D kd tEkyóem 4-yg;udk BuHKwJ[ h muko d m a,m*DwYkd tm;xkwyf g/ BuHKwJ[ h m tm;xkwrf ,fq&dk if 'Dawmh em;u Mum;vnf; Mum;wmod? rsupf u d jrifvnf; jrifwmod? ESmacgif;u arT;vnf; arTwmod? eHvnf; eHwmod? pm;vnf; pm;wmod? trlt&mwdik ;f trlt&mwdik ;f rod&bl;vm;/ (od&ygw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if od½w kH ifoad y;wm bmrS 0efrav;ygbl;/ (rSev f yS g)/ a&av;wpfcu G f cyfvu kd &f wmrS tm;pdu k &f ao;w,f/ a,m*DwYkd odyt f a&;Bu;D w,faemf/ a&av; wpfcu G af omufcsiv f Ykd zefcu G u f av;udik Nf yD; cyfwm tm;rpdu k &f bl;vm;/ (pdu k &f ygw,fb&k m;)/ tm;pdu k &f w,f/ 'DrmS -tiftm;xnfNh yD; oH;k vdu k &f NyD/ a&av;wpfcu G f cyfzYkd twGuu f /kd tcka,m*Dwu Ykd jrif&ifjrifwmav; odaewm[m cGet f m;awG pku d zf v Ykd adk o;vm;/ (rvdyk gbl;)/ okaYd omf owdtm; ÓmPftm;av;awmh pku d &f w,f/ bmrS0efrav; bl;aemf/ odaYk omf pump t&Sib f &k m; 0efrav;bl;vko Yd m ajymw,f/ acR;'D;'D; usygw,f/ a[m -'guawmh rSew f ,f 'um? 'umrwd/Yk acR;'D;'D; usw,f qdw k m rSew f ,f/ qkMd upk/Yd rdr&d UJ pD;yGm;a&;udpjö zpfjzpf? vlraI &;udp?ö tdraf xmifa&;udp?ö udpt ö 00 vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ wpfaeYuek o f mG ;vm vIy&f mS ;aewm 'um? 'umrawG trav;--'DaeY igarmvku d w f m qkw d m nnf;wJo h l enf;ygw,f/ enf;ygw,f/ wpfem&Dav; pBuøavQmufMunfph rf;--[dek m;cdk 192

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'Dem;xkid f [dek m;uyf b,fvadk wG jzpfuek w f mvJ/ wpfem&D--wpfem&Daemf/ wpfaeukef vIy&f mS ;aewke;f uawmh nnf;&rSef;rodbl;/ 'um? 'umrwdkY wpfem&DNyD;atmif avQmufqdkawmh anmif;w,f bk&m;a[m jzpfoGm;NyD/'Dvkdjzifh&if wynfah wmfwYdk wpfaeukef vIy&f mS ; aewke;f awmh bmrS rjzpfb;l / ckrS bmjzpfomG ;wmvJ a[m/ 'gvnf; xl;jcm;wJh tcsuyf /J wpfaeukef vIy&f mS ;aewmu t0dZmÆ awGeUJ wPSmawGeUJ vIy&f mS ;wm/ tck a,m*DwYdk &dyo f mudk a&mufNy;D awmh trlt&mwkid ;f rsufawmifav; cyfwmupNyD;awmh oGm;wkid ;f ? vmwdik ;f ? aewdik ;f ? xkid w f ikd ;f ? pm;wdik ;f ? a&csdK;wmu pNyD;awmh 0dZÆmÓmPfeUJ / tJ'aD wmh [krd mS wpfaeukef vIy&f mS ;wmu t0dZÆmeJU/ t0dZÆma&SUoGm;awmh wPSm aemuf rvdu k b f ;l vm;/ 'DrmS usawmh 0dZÆma&SUoGm;wJt h cgusawmh aemufu o'¨g ynmawG twlwv l u dk o f mG ;wmaygh/ odyu f mG w,faemf/ (rSev f yS g)/ajrjyifeUJ aumif;uifvdk uGmygw,f/ tJ'aD vmuf uGmvdu k af wmh 0dZÆmeJUvnf; awGUvnf;awGUvdu k af &m tukev f ;kH udk cE¨mud, k &f UJ 'kua© wGukd jrifvmwmvm;/ avQmufvnf;yJ 'um? 'umrawG 'kuj© rifvmwmyJ/ xkid af evnf;yJ 'kuj© rifvmwmyJ/ oGm;aevnf;yJ 'kuj© rifvmwmyJ/ tJ'aD wmh ud, k t hf 0dZmÆ eJU ud, k w hf PSmeJY qdak wmh tJ''D u k a© wG rjrifb;l / b,fjrifrvJ zH;k xm;wmud;k / bmvkyx f m; wmvJ/ (zH;k xm;wmygbk&m;)/ avmbu zH;k vdu k ?f t0dZÆm arm[u zH;k vku d ?f rmeu zH;k vku d ?f 'd|u d zH;k vdu k ?f trsdK;rsdK;rzH;k bl;vm;/ tJ'v D akd wG zH;k xm;awmh trSeu f kd jrif&UJ vm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ trSeu f kd rjrifwhJ yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;\ oGm;&mvrf;pOfonf wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? tyg,f oGm;rSmvm;/ (tyg,fomG ;rSm ygbk&m;)/ 'g bke;f BuD;u acgif;pOfav;NcHK ajymvdu k w f m/ 'Dvjdk zifh tyg,fomG ;r,fqadk wmh tyg,fu b,fEpS yf g;/ (4-yg;)/ ol[ Y mol olUvrf;eJUol cGNJ yD;om; 'um? 'umrwd/Yk a&moGm;vkYd r&bl;/ avmbOD;aqmifwhJ yk*Kd¾ vfu b,fuo kd mG ;r,f/ (Nydwmå jynf)/ Nydwmå ZmwdjzpfrmS tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vf ruRwfawmhb;l / ao--ruRwfawmhb;l / bke;f BuD;awG tvkyf ½IyOf ;D r,f/ tJ'g b,foal wmh aooGm;vdYk ruRwfvb Ykd &k m;/ t&Sib f &k m; ur®0gav; n§yNf yD;awmh ESiyf gOD; jzpfvmwmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fhudk,fudk odyfowd&SdzdkUaumif;w,f/ toufxif&Sm; &Sdwkef;? usef;usef;rmrm&Sdwkef;? tcgaumif;wke;f ? t&G,af umif;wke;f ? tcsdef aumif;wke;f rSmvnf; om;a&; orD;a&; vlraI &; pD;yGm;a&; 'Dtrd f igr&Sd rjzpfbl;/ 'Dtvkyf igr&Sdrjzpfbl; qkdNyD; vkyfvdkuf&wm? aoawmhvnf; wpfcg bkef;BuD;yifhNyD;awmh ur®0gn§yNf yD;awmh tESicf &H OD;r,f qkad wmh b,fEpS cf gemwmvJ/ (2-cgemwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'g wjcm;rodvv Ykd m;? opömrodvv Ykd m;/ (opömrodvyYkd g bk&m;)/

{nf h o nf tJ'aD wmh ud, k rhf ad wG zawG aqGawG rsKd ;awG 'gaus;Zl;qyfwmaemf/ tJ'v D kd rvm&atmif a[h? igb,foal y:rSm tm;ud;k vkrYd jzpfb;l / ighu, kd if g tm;ud;k &r,f/ tJ'aD wmh ud, k w hf &m;udk tm;ud;k &r,f/ ighu, kd if gqdw k mu 'Du, kd Bf uD; tm;ud;k vdYk &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Du, kd t f m;ud;k vdYk r&wm 'Du, kd u f wjcm;ud, k rf Ykd vd/Yk tokbud, k rf v Ykd /Ykd tokbcE¨m tm;ud;k vdrYk &bl;/ wu,ftm;ud;k &rSmu 'DcE¨mudk rSí D a,m*DwYkd tjrwfxw k af ewm/ 'DcE¨mud, k rf NDS y;D awmh tckr*¾ifawG r&bll;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tckr*¾ifawG &wmonf wjcm;vm;? tjrwfxkwfwmvm;/ (tjrwfxw k w f mygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh avmb? a'go? arm[ tp&Sw d hJ udavomawG &wmonf wjcm;vm;? t½I;H xGuw f mvm;/ (t½I;H xGuw f mygbk&m;)/ vlb Y 0rSm wpfaeYwm touf&iS w f t hJ cgrSm ½I;H wmeJU jrwfwm 'D 2csufyJ &Sw d ,f/ tJ'aD wmh bke;f BuD;wdYk tm;vH;k aom a,m*Drsm;u wpfaeYwpfaeY t½I;H eJU tcsdeu f ek &f ifjzifh oGm;NyD/ aemuf b,fawmhrS vljzpfawmhrmS r[kwb f ;l / 'DwpfcgyJ aemufq;kH vljzpfovdk jzpfomG ;r,f/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tck tifrwef tcsdeaf umif; tcgaumif; tcGiahf umif; q&maumif;awGeUJ qHw k hJ tcsdet f cgrSm wpfuu G u f av; wpfcsufuav; 193

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wpfvSdrfhuav;vSdrfh vdkuf&if uJ--'um? 'umrawG udk,fhtwGuf tmrcHcsufr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifrh v Ykd Ykd tmrcHcsu&f adS tmif 'Dw&m;ukd remcsiv f nf; BudK;pm;Ny;D awmh em/ tm;rxkwcf siv f nf; BudK;pm;Ny;D awmh tm;xkwyf g/ ud, k t hf wGuf tmrcHcsu&f w Sd hJ w&m;rdv Yk ?Ykd a,m*Dwu Ykd kd wdu k w f eG ;f aewmaygh aemf/ 'g bke;f BuD;pum;wpfv;kH rS rygbl;a,m*DwdkY/ aus;Zl;&Sif rd;k ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;u 'Dtwkid ;f wdu k ½f u kd rf ed v Yf Ykd wpfqifjh yefNyD;awmh ud, k ahf qGawmf rsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawGukd aus;Zl; qyfaomtm;jzifh owday;jcif;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'aD wmh tck vmNyD;tm;xkww f m wjcm;tm;xkww f mvm;? 0dyóem tm;xkww f mvm;/ (0dyóemtm;xkwf wmygbk&m;)/ 0dyóemonf bmud½k rI ,f/ (cE¨mukd ½I&ygr,fb&k m;)/ a[m'D? 'DcE¨mukd ½IvUkd &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'DcE¨monf wjcm;cE¨mvm;/ uHjrifcE¨mvm;/ (uHjrifcE¨mygbk&m;)/ tck a,m*DwYkd 0dyóem½Iwm bmud½k &I r,f/ (ÓmPfjrifcE¨mud½k &I ygr,fb&k m;)/ vljzpfvm NyD;awmhrS ÓmPfjrifcE¨mu bmygvdrfhvJvdkY rod&if tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfu atmufwef;pm; jzpfoGm;wm/ (rSefvSyg)/ bmjzpfomG ;wmvJ/ (atmufwef;pm;yg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ta&;BuD;qH;k u 0dyóem½IwhJ yk*Kd¾ vf[m a&S;OD;pGm ½kyef mrfcE¨mukd ydik yf ikd Ef ikd Ef ikd o f zd v Ykd ykd gw,f/ trlt&mwdik ;f trlt&mwdik ;f jzpfay:wJh ½kyef mrf cE¨mudk ydik yf ikd o f zd Ykd ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,fb&k m;)/ 'Dawmh tifrwef a&S;uaeNy;D awmh ukov kd u f aH wG xl;vdYk vljzpf vmNy;D awmh ½kyef UJ emrfurkd S r½I&if bke;f BuD;wdYk txufwef;pm; rjzpfEidk yf gbl;/ 'Dawmh txufwef; Ak'¨bmomjzpfEikd zf t Ydk wGuu f tajccH od&rSmu wjcm;od&rSmvm;? ½kyef UJ emrfukd od&rSmvm;/ (½kyef UJ emrfukd od&rSm ygbk&m;)/ &Si;f NyDaemf/ tJ'gaMumifrh v Ykd Ykd tifrwefukd uHx;l vdo Yk m 'Dvkd jzpf&w,fvYkd a,m*Dwo Ykd abmayguf/ tJ'aD wmh t½Icu H kd ,aeY pdwåmEkyóemudk oifwt hJ cgusawmh aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf trsm;em;vnfwhJ pum;vH;k udk a&G;cs,fNyD;awmh oH;k wJah e&mrSmawmh jrefrmjynfrmS 2yg; r&Sdbl;/ jrefrmjynfvkdYajym&if urÇmeJU csDajymvkdY&wmaygh/ bmaMumifhvJvdkY qkdawmh wjcm;q&mawmfawG q&mawmf a wG v nf ; ol U [meJ U ol yd # uwf o H k ; yH k arT a ES m uf N yD ; awmh a[moG m ;wmyJ / tif r wef awmufawmufajymifajymifukd 'um? 'umrawG? a[mwwf ajymwwfwmyJ/ odaYk omf ,ckvkd t&yfpum;eJU t&yfom;awG em;vnfatmif a[mwJah e&mrSm jrefrmjynfrmS eHygwfwpf yJaemf/ 'gudk rif;uGef;wdyd#u q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u bmrdefYoGm;vJqkd&if aMomf OD;0drvrsm; bk&m;&Sd&if {w'*fay;rSmyJw/hJ OD;0drvqdw k m bke;f BuD;wdYk aus;Zl;&Sirf ;kd ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ bGUJ awmf/ olweYkd UJ 0gawmfawGu rwdrf;r,drf;awGudk;/ tJ'Dawmh tckbkef;BuD;wdkY jrefrmEkdifiHrSm tifrwef aevdkvvdk awmufoGm;wJh rif;uGe;f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; tckawmh ysHveG af wmf rlomG ;NyDaemf/ yxrOD;qH;k aom wdy#d u"&q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; tJ'v D kd csD;usL;w,f/ bk&m;rsm;&S&d if OD;0drvawmh {w'*fay;avmufw,fw/hJ xk;d xk;d xGi;f xGi;f ajymEdik v f eG ;f vdaYk emf/ tckvnf;yJ pdwåmEkyómem½Ienf;udk bke;f BuD; pmawG&w G o f moGm;&if a,m*DwYkd wpfv;kH rS em;vnfrmS r[kwb f ;l / a[m tJ'gudk aus;Zl;&Siq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;u jrefrmjyefenf;tm;jzifh ajymoGm;w,f/

repf e mapeJ U tJ'Dpdwfudk {nfhonfeJU pum;ajymoGm;w,f/ {nfhonfqkdawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdwJh wkid ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k {nfo h nfqw dk m em;vnf oGm;NyD/ {nho f nfqw kd m[m acwåcPvmw,f/ NyD;&if jyefw,f/ tdrf&Sif r[kwfbl;/ 'Davmufxd em;vnfoGm;NyDaygh/ tJ'Dawmh {nfhonfrSmawmifrS q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u tjyif{nfhonfu wpfrsdK;uG? twGif;{nfhonfu wpfrsdK;uGqkdNyD; {nfhonfawmif 2-rsdK;cGJxm;w,f/ {nfo h nfb,fErS sdK;cGJ xm;vJ/ (2-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh pdwu f kd {nfonfh Oyrmay;NyD; a[moGm;wm ydNk yD;awmh xifv, G jf rifv, G w f maygh/ aumif;NyD/ 'Dawmh tjyif{nfo h nfu b,fEpS w d v f /J (5-pdw)f / tjyif{nfo h nf 5-pdw/f a[m'Dpm&Gux f rJ mS &Sx d m;NyDayghaemf/ tJ'rD mS tckbek ;f BuD;wdYk 'DEpS yf ikd ;f usawmh tJ'o D ifwef;pm&Gux f rJ mS jyifxm;w,f/ 194

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0D & d , pd k u f t m;xnf h v d k u f y g uJ--'Dawmh tjyif{nfo h nf b,fEcS /k (5-ckygbk&m;)/ 5-ck? 5-cku vku d q f v kd u dk /f jrifpw d ?f Mum;pdw?f eHpw d ?f pm;pdw?f ,m;emaumif;pdw/f [kwNf yD/ 'guawmh bke;f BuD;wkYd pmtwdik ;f &Gwo f mG ;wm/ pmtwdik ;f &Gwo f mG ; wm ukokdvfr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ ukokdvf&ygw,f/ &Gwfxm;&r,f/ tvGwfudk usufxm;&r,f/ 'g-y&d,wfomoemud;k / jrifpw d ?f Mum;pdwf &,f? eHpw d &f ,f? pm;pdw&f ,f? ,m;emaumif;pdw/f tJ'guawmh q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;&JU oifwef;pmtwkid ;f aygh/ aumif;NyD/ jrifpw d b f ,frmS ay:rvJ/ (rsufprd mS ay:ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'D rsufprd mS ay:wmudk a,m*DwkdYu ay:wkdif; ay:wkdif; bmvkyf&rvJ/ (½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ ay:wkdif; ay:wkdif; bmvkyfr,f/ (½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ ½I&r,fqadk wmh wjcm;eJU ½IrmS vm;? r*¾if 5-yg;eJU ½I&rSmvm;/ (r*¾if 5-yg;eJU ½IrmS ygbk&m;)/ tckreuf tvkyfcGif ajymygr,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ r*¾ifb,fESyg;eJU½I/ (5-yg;eJU ½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ r*¾if 5-yg;u or®m'd|?d or®mouFy?Ü or®0g,mr? or®mowd? or®morm"d/ ynmr*¾if 2-yg;eJU orm"dr*¾if 3-yg; aygif; b,fEpS yf g;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if tJ'D r*¾if 5-yg;onf o[Zmw taeeJyY gw,faemf/ o[Zmwqkdwm jzpftwl ysuftwl oGm;twl vmtwl aetwl xkdiftwl tdyftwl qkdwJh twlwu l akd jymwmaygh/ pmvku d bmwJv h /J o[Zmw/ jrefrmvdu k sawmh o[-twlwuG? Zmw-jzpfwmaemf/ b,fvt kd wlwv l /J rsufprd mS bmpdwaf y:/ (jrifpw d )f / jrifpw d af y:wmudk a,m*DwYkd owdxm; rMunf&h if odyghrvm;/ (rodygbl;)/ Oyrm--puf0idk ;f av;udk Munhv f u kd &f if jrifpw d rf ay:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,f)/ jrifpw d b f ,frmS ay:wmvJ/ (rsufprd mS yg)/ tJ'jD rifpw d af y:wmudk owdav;xm;Munf&h r,faemf/ avmavmq,fuawmh 0D&, d pku d &f r,faygh/ 195

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tavmif;rusefwJhcE¨m eHygwfEpS u f bmwJv h /J a'gopdw/f bmpdwyf gvdr/hf (a'gopdw)f / a'gopdwf qkw d mvnf;yJ 'um? 'umrawG tukev f ;kH eJU ywfoufwmyJ/ Oyrm-rsufped UJ Munfv h u kd w f t hJ cgusawmh tjrifrwnfb h ;l qk&d if bmpdwaf yguf wmvJ/ (a'gopdw)f / [m-jrif&wmuGm? 'DaumifMunf&h wmuGm? bmpdwf ay:wmvJ/ (a'gopdw)f / 'if;Munf&h wm pdwx f J tcefrY oifb h ;l qkw d m bmpdwf ay:wmvJ/ (a'gopdw)f / Mum;w,f/ Mum;wJt h cgrSm 'DtoHaMumifh 'um? 'umrawG a'gojzpfomG ;w,f/ rif;toHMum;&wmudk olUtoHMum;&wmudk pojzifah yghaemf/ ud, k rf vdv k m;tyfwhJ rBudKufwhJ toHav; Mum;vku d &f wm pdwx f rJ mS aumif;wmvm;/ raumif;wmvm;/ (raumif;ygbl;)/ 'Dawmh raumif;wm wjcm;rSmay:wmvm;/ em;rSmay:wmvm;/ (em;rSm ay:wmyg bk&m;)/ Mum;wJt h csderf mS raumif;wm ay:wwfw,f/ tJ ' D r aumif ; wmqd k w m wjcm;vm;/ a'gopd w f v m;/ (a'gopd w f y gbk & m;)/ 'D a wmh bk e f ; BuD ; u oabmw&m;omajymw,f/ a,m*Dwu Ydk uk, d cf E¨mxJ ta&mufyyYkd g/ atmf--em;rSmvnf;-[kwv f m;/ Mum;wJt h cgrSm uk, d phf w d ef UJ tcefrY oif&h if bmpdwf ay:wmvJ/ (a'gopdw)f / 'Dvjdk zif&h if olwpfyg;&JU toHaMumifh uk, d ehf m;rSm Mum;vdYk ESv;kH roGi;f wwf&if ae&if; xkid &f if;eJU i&Ja&mufrmS yg/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'aD wmh em;raxmifwwfv&Ykd &dS if tEÅ&m,f BuD;aygh/ a'goeJUqdk b,fa&mufrvJ/ (i&J)/ em;axmifwwfwt hJ cgusawmh bm0emjzpfomG ;w,f/ em;axmifwhJ tcgusawmh bmyJjzpfjzpf? em;xJrmS toHMum;&if Mum;w,fvYdk rrSw&f bl;vm;/ (rSw&f ygw,fb&k m;)/ Mum;w,fvYkd rSww f mu wjcm;vm;/ owdy|mefvm;/ (owdy|mefygbk&m;)/ [kwNf yD- tJ'gqkd r*¾if 5-yg;ygNyD/ 'Dvjdk zifh Mum;vdu k af wmh Mum;wJh Mum;pdwf wpdwaf y:wkid ;f ay:wkid ;f onf wjcm;vm;/ cE¨m 5yg;vm;/ (cE¨m 5-yg; ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zifh tJ'cD E¨m 5-yg;u Mum;w,f/ &Sad o;vm;/ (r&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ "r®oabmt& olzY momol aysmufomG ;w,faygh/ aysmufomG ;w,fqw dk m wjcm;vm;/ ysuw f o hJ abm vm;/ (ysuw f o hJ abmygbk&m;)/ tJ'yD sufomG ;NyD qkw d m wjcm;vm;/ owdy|me bm0emvm;/ (owdy|mebm0emygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zifh owdy|mefu orx/ owdy|me bm0emu0dyóem/ jyef&iS ;f OD; r,faemf/ ody½f yI o f mG ;vdrrhf ,f--[kwv f m;/ Mum;w,f? Mum;w,f? Mum;w,f? Mum;wmudk rSwaf eaygh/ Mum;wmudk rSwaf ewm bmac:vJ/ (owdy|mef)/ 199

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uHuykUd wmu 31-bkrH mS ok*wdyUdk wm/ 'kuo © pömrvGwb f ;l / OmPfu aeykUd wmu 'kuv © w G w f m/ tJ'aD wmh tck 'gejyKcsifwphJ w d o f nf wjcm; pdwv f m;? uHpw d v f m;/ (uHpw d yf g bk&m;)/ uHpw d af y:wkid ;f ay:wkid ;f r*¾if 5yg;u tkyfvkdufprf;yg/ ½Ivkdfufprf;yg/ ½Ivkdufawmh [kdrSm txJrSm&SdwJh uHpdwfawGonf 'um? 'umrawG tay:wufvUdk &ao;vm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ r&bl;/ 'Dutkyv f u dk af wmh csKyfomG ;a&m? csKyfomG ;awmh ygVdawmf&w G v f u dk f awmh ur®b0eda&ma"m Zmwdead &ma"m/ Zmwdead &ma"m qkw d m wjcm;vm;? edAÁmefvm;/ (edAÁmef ygbk&m;)/ [m a,m*DwUdk rSm vSLcsifwef;csifwphJ w d u f av; ay:wkid ;f ay:wkid ;f ½Ivu dk &f if wjcm;ay:rSmvm;? edAÁmefay:rSmvm;/ (edAÁmef ay:rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'g ta&;BuD;w,f a,m*DwUdk / 'gukd ½I&r,f/ uJ - cke ta'goqkw d m arwåmykdUwJhpdwf/ bmpdwfygvdrhf. (arwåm ykUd wJph w d yf g bk&m;)/ arwåmqkw d m tifrwefaumif;wmyJ/ ckyJ qGr;f rpm;cif arwåmykUd ae&wmav/ okUd aomf tJ'geJU rwif;wdryf geJUOD; 'um? 'umr awG/ ÓmPf 5-yg;eJU ½Ivu kd pf rf;ygOD;/ tJ'aD wmh psmefudk ÓmPfeUJ ½Ivu fdk af wmh psmefrcsKyfb;l vm;/ psmefcsKyfomG ;vkUd &S&d if wjcm;csKyfrmS vm;? ZmwdcsKyfrmS vm;/ (ZmwdcsKyfrmS yg bk&m;)/ ZmwdcsKyfomG ;wm wjcm;vm;? edAÁmefvm;/ (edAÁmefyg bk&m;)/ uJ-[ku d awmh vG,w f ,f/ awG;awmBuHpnfwphJ w d q f adk wmh r*¾if 5-yg; tkyv f u dk af ygh/ &Si;f NyD;aemf/ uJ - 'Dae&m ta&;Bu;D wmajymr,f/ tJ'pD w d af wG tJ'pD w d af wG {nfo h nfqw dk mu tjraJ ewmvm;? jyefwmvm;/ (jyefwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tjrJaewJhpdwfonf avukdxkwfaompdwf? avukdoGif;aompdwf/ bmpdwf ygvdrfh/ (avukdxkwfaompdwf? avukdoGif;aompdwf)/ tdyfonhfpdwf udkawmh oufapmifhpdwfvkdUvnf; ac:ygw,f/ avukx d w k af ompdw?f avuko d iG ;f aompdw/f avukx d w k w f t hJ cg 'Dvx dk w k v f u dk w f ,f/ avuko d iG ;f w,fqw dk m ½Iu d Nf yD;awmh ½Iyg/ avukx d w k af ompdw?f avuko d iG ;f aompdw/f ra&meJUaemf/ 0ifavod? xGuaf vod ]]tómo yómo}} tmemygeur®Xmef;½Iwm 0ifavod xGuaf vod rrSwb f ;l vm;/ (rSwyf gw,f)/ tck a,m*DwUdk ukd ajymwm bmawG v J / avuk d x k w f a ompd w f ? avuk d o G i f ; aompd w f / ]]tómo yómo}} avuk d ½ I w mu um,mEkyóemowdy|mef/ ½kyu f ½dk w I m/ bmuk½d /I (½kyu f ½dk w I m)/ 0ga,mqkw d mu ½ky/f a[m'D 'DrmS um,yom' tMunf qkw d mu ½ky/f 0ifavod xGuaf vod rSwaf ewmu bmuk½d /I (½kyu f ½dk I wmyg bk&m;)/ ½kyu f ½dk aI ewm/

ay:wJ h p d w f u d k ½ I tcka,m*Dwu Ykd kd t½Icikd ;f wmu avudx k w k af ompdw?f avudo k iG ;f aompdw?f wpfcEk iS w hf pfck 'um? 'umrawG ra&meJUaemf/ pdwu f kd t½Icikd ;f aeygw,f/ bmud½k cI ikd ;f / (pdwu f ½kd cI ikd ;f wmyg)/ uJ--'Dvjkd zif&h if pdwu f kd ½Iw,fqakd wmh t&Sib f &k m; pdwu f rxif&mS ;bl;/ 'Dvakd jymcsifajymr,f/ uJ 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ xif&mS ;vm;? rxif&mS ;vm;qdw k m a,m*DwYkd vufawGUprf;Munfrh ,faemf/ tm;xkwcf idk ;f wmr[kwb f ;l / prf;oyfcikd ;f wm aygh/ 'g--a,m*DopfawGtwGu/f a,m*Da[mif;awGuawmh wpfcgajym &ifrw S rf yd gw,f [kwv f m;/ avudx k w k af ompdwq f w kd muawmh a,m*DwYkd ,ckae avud½k u Id Mf unfv h u kd /f ½du I Nf yD;awmh cPav;onf;cH/ NyD;NidrMf unfh &if bmpdwaf y:rvJ/ (xkwcf sifwphJ w d f ay:ygw,fb&k m;)/ tckvufawGU prf;? tckay:wmayghaemf/ xkwcf sifwphJ w d af y:vmygvdrrhf ,f/ xkwcf sifwhJ pdwu f 'Dvu kd ikd jf yvd&Yk vm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ [dek m;&So d vm;? 'Dem;&So d vm; vdaYk um ajymvdUk &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ odaYk omf [',0w¬Kudk rSND yD;awmhjzpfw,fvYkd bk&m;tbd"r®mrSm a[mxm;wmayghaemf/ tJ'aD wmh 'Dpw d u f x kd m;? b,fae&muyJjzpfjzpf? tJ'D pdw&f v dS m;? r&Sv d m;vdYk eHygwfwpf jrifz/Ykd xif&mS ;vm;? rxif&mS ;bl;vm;udk jrifEikd af tmif avudk ½du I Nf y;D awmh rxkwb f J xm;Munfv h u kd pf rf;yg/ bmpdwaf y:rvJ/ (xkwcf siw f phJ w d f ay:ygw,fb&k m;)/ xkwcf siv f mNy/D tJ'D xkwcf sifwphJ w d u f kd 'um?'umrawG rjrifb;l vm;/ (jrifygw,fb&k m;)/ rxif&mS ;bl;vm;/ (xif&mS ;ygw,fb&k m;)/ cPav;onf;cHNyD; rxkwb f J xm;&if rxkwb f u J rkd aeEdik af vmufatmifukd a,m*DwYkd xif&mS ;vmygvdrrfh ,f/ tJ- [kwNf yD/ 'Dpw d u f kd awGUNyD/ tJ'pD w d u f kd a,m*Dw&Ykd yI g/ b,fvkd ½IrvJ/ owdy|mef?owdy|mebm0emeJU½I/ b,fv½kd rI vJ/ (owdy|mef? owdy|mebm0emeJU½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ t&Sed &f vm&if owdy|mebm0emeJU om½Iawmh/ 204

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208

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b,fEyS g; ay:vJ/ (5-yg;)/ aMomf cE¨m 5-yg;? cE¨m 5-yg;qdw k m onf;cHNyD;awmh jznf;jznf;csif; jrifatmif Munf h & wmud k ; / tJ ' D a wmh r S tJ ' D cE¨ m 5-yg;u ol r sm;ajymvd k Y j rif & rS m vm;/ ud k , f w k d i f j rif & rS m vm;/ (ud, k w f idk jf rif&rSmygbk&m;)/ ]]oE´|d ad um}}aemf/ ud, k w f idk u f , kd u f s jrif&r,f/ tJ'DcE¨m 5-yg;udk b,ftcsdefjzpfjzpf MunfhMunfh? Munhf&if rjrif bl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ tcsderf a&G;Munfv h &Ykd w,faemf/ ]]tumvdaum}} aemf/ ]]{[d yódaum}} qdak wmh cE¨mawGu olwu Ykd kd Munfph rf;yg/ r*¾iu f akd c:wm/ rac:bl;vm;/ (ac:ygw,f)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if cE¨mu ac:w,f qdak wmh uJ a,m*DwYkd w&m;xdik w f monf a,musfm; rde;f r jrifatmif ½Iwmvm;/ cE¨mjrifatmif½w I mvm;/ (cE¨mjrifatmif ½Iwmygbk&m;)/ emwm bmygvdr/hf (cE¨mawGUwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zifh emwmudk awGUaevdYk jzpfao;bl;/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ (&Si;f ygw,f)/ emw,fqw kd mu wjcm;vm;? a0'emvm;/ (a0'emygbk&m;)/ a0'emudck mG &awmhr,f/ a0'emudk cGm& awmhr,fqakd wmh a0'emonf wjcm;ajymwmvm;? emrnfajymwmvm;/ (emrnfajymwm ygbk&m;)/ emrnfrn S x hf m;wmaemf/ tJ'aD 0'emudk cGmí jzpfysuf½yI g qdw k hJ pum;vH;k q&mawmfBuD;qH;k rxm;w,f/ 0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwfvkdU t&Sdef& t0g;0ç vmwJhtcg Mobmo-yDwdpwJhta&miftvif;awG? ESpo f ufauseyfraI wG jzpfvmwwfw,f/ 'gawGu 0dyóemnpfñ;l aMumif;awGy/J tvif;a&mif pwJh taxGtxl; awGukd pOf;pm;tm;& oabmusaewmu vrf;rSm;yJ/ rjywfrSwfaerS ÓmPfwufrnf[k vrf;rSefvrf;rSm;ukd ykid ;f jcm;a0zefum ÓmPftjrif pifMu,fwmu r*¾gr*¾ÓmP'óe0do'k /d¨ tJ'aD wmh tJ'u D o hJ Ykd rdrw d Ykd ud, k w f ikd u f , kd u f s cE¨mudk Munfv h u kd w f hJ tcgusawmh cE¨m&JUvrf;pOfukd a,m*DwYkd jrifaeNyD/ bmvrf;pOf vJ/ (cE¨m&JU vrf;pOfygbk&m;)/ cE¨m&JUvrf;pOfukd jrifawmh cE¨m&JUvrf;pOfu jzpfNyD;awmh ysufw,f/ arG;NyD;awmh aow,f/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if cE¨m&JU vrf;pOfeUJ cE¨mrSm wu,f&adS ewm bmawG&adS eovJvYkd ar;wJt h cgusawmh jzpfNy;D ysuw f mu vGv J b Ykd m&So d vJ/ (bmrSr&Syd gbl;bk&m;)/ a,m*DwYkd ÓmPfpcef;a&muf vmNyaD emf/ 'DÓmPfoyd t f a&;BuD;w,f/ eHygwf (5)ÓmPf aemf/ r*¾gr*¾ÓmP 'óe 0do'k ¨d ta&;BuD;ygw,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh cE¨mudk wu,fMunfhwJh tcgusawmh tJ'DcE¨monf jrJwmawGUvm;? rjrJwmawGUvm;/ (rjrJwmawGUygw,fb&k m;)/ olrsm; ygpyf zsm;vrf;rqH;k ygeJU/ ud, k u f , kd w f idk u f , kd u f s ½I&rSm ]]oE´|d ad um}} tcsdef tcgra&G;½I ]]tumvdaum}}aemf/ tJ'aD wmh ]]{[d-yódaum}} qdw k m cE¨mu olUudMk unfh olemw,f/ olUudMk unfh olanmif;w,f/ olUudMk unfh tJ'aD wmh anmif;w,f/ trav; rcHEikd b f ;l qk&d if t0dZmÆ / wu,ftrSef qdw k mudjk rif&if wjcm;vm; 0dZÆmvm;/ (0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ odjYk zif&h if a,m*DwYkd onf;cH&if edAÁmefa&mufr,fqw kd m 'Dae&mrSeo f mG ;NyD/ pNyD;w&m;xdik w f m b,frmS oufomrvJ/ anmif;wmawG usifwmawG udu k w f mawG cJwmawG r&Sb d ;l vm;/ (&Syd gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'gawGukd onf;cHNyD;awmh ½Iawmh a,musfm; rde;f ryk*Kd¾ vf owå0gawG awGUaewmvm;? cE¨mawGyJ awGUaewmvm;/ (cE¨mawGyJ awGUaewmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if a0'emvnf; wjcm;vm;? cE¨mvm;/ (cE¨mygbk&m;)/ pdwv f nf; wjcm;vm;? cE¨mvm;/ (cE¨mygbk&m;)/ ½kyv f nf; wjcm;vm;? cE¨mvm;/ (cE¨mygbk&m;)/ tJ'cD E¨mawGuMkd unf&h if; Munf&h if;eJU a[m cE¨mudak wGUwmvm;? r&Sw d mudak wGUwmvm;/ (r&Sw d mudk awGUwmyg bk&m;)/ a0'emudk cGmvdu k Nf yDaemf/ tJ'D cE¨mudk r&Sb d ;l qdak wmh wjcm; ÓmPf&wmvm;/ 0dyóem ÓmPf&wmvm;? (0dyóemÓmPf&wmyg bk&m;)/ 0dyóemÓmPf &NyDqakd wmh cE¨mrSm wu,f&adS ewmonf vH;k &yfoP²mef yH[ k eferd w d &f dS wmvm;/ jzpfysufy&J w dS mvm;/ (jzpfysufyJ &Sw d mygbk&m;)/ tJ'aD wmh cE¨mt&Su d jzpfysuf/ jzpfysufuMkd unfw h m b,foMl unfh wmvJ/ (r*f)/ igawG olawG a,mufsm; rde;f r Munfw h mvm;/ r*¾iu f Munfw h mvm;/ (r*¾iu f Munfw h mygbk&m;)/ odjYk zifh t½IccH E¨m 5-yg;u jzpfysuf/ ½IwhJ r*¾i5f -yg;u r*f/ t½IÓmPf 5-yg;u r*f/ 'Dvjkd zifh jzpfysufr*f/ jzpfysuf r*f/ odjYk zifh cE¨mrSm&Sad ewmu t&Sjd zpfysuf/ cE¨mrSm &Sad ewmu (t&Sjd zpfysuf)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if a,m*Dw&Ydk UJ uk, d yf ikd t f vkyu f t&Sd jzpfysuf todr*f/ ud, k yf ikd t f vkyo f nf bmvJ/ (t&Sjd zpfysuf todr*f)/ tJ'D tvkyo f nf a,m*Dw&Ykd UJ ud, k yf ikd t f vky/f &Si;f NyDaemf/ 248

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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(&Sif;ygNyDbk&m;)/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if cE¨m0ef &vmwJt h cg pm;a&; aea&; 0wfa&; usef;rm a&; rvky&f bl;vm;/ (vky&f ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'gudk,fydkiftvkyfrS r[kwfbJ? cE¨m0ef&vmvdkY xrf;&wmav/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ajymwmav;awmh 'um? 'umrawG cGijhf yKaemf/ pm;a&; aea&; 0wfa&; usef;rma&; 'gawG a&SUwef;wifrajymeJUAs? acG;jzpfwb hJ 0awmif &Smpm; &w,fajymwm/ rrSeb f ;l vm;/ (rSeyf gw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'aD wmh tJ'v D kd pm;a&; aea&; 0wfa&; usef;rma&; usefwhJ udpaö wG tomxm;vdu k Of ;D aemf/ tJ'D cE¨m0efxrf;ae&wm[m udk,fydkif tvkyf [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ odkUjzifh a,m*DwdkY&JU udk,fydkiftvkyfu t&Sjd zpfysuf todr*f/ tJ'D t&Sjd zpfysuf todr*feUJ ud, k yf ikd t f vkyu f kd vkyw f hJ yk*K¾ v d af wGu ok*wdeAd mÁ efu aocsmoGm;Ny/D bHq k ikd t f vkyef UJ aysmfaewJh yk*Kd¾ vfawGuwjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? tyg,fomG ;rSmvm;/ (tyg,fomG ;rSmygbk&m;)/ 'gutck 10-&ufv;kH vH;k y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foifvmwJt h cg olUvrf;eJUol avQmufomG ;NyDayghaemf/ tJ'aD wmh t&Sjd zpfysuf todr*f qdw k mu r*¾gr*¾ÓmP 'óe0do'k /¨d tJ'gu vrf;rSeef UJ vrf;rSm;udk cGjJ cm;oGm;NyD/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if vrf;rSeo f nft&Sjd zpfysuf todr*f/ vrf;rSm;u 'DcE¨m jrJw,fxifwm/ tJ'aD wmh 'Dvkd t&Sjd zpfysuf todr*feUJ (0g)jzpfysuu f jkd rifawmh trSet f wdik ;f rjrif&bl;vm;/ (jrif&ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'gonf wjcm;eJU jrifwmvm;? r*¾ief UJ jrifwmvm;/ (r*¾ief UJ jrifwmygbk&m;)/ tu,fvo Ykd m tJ'v D kd jzpfysufukd r½I&if 'DcE¨mBuD;u emaew,fq&kd if trav; igemw,f rjzpfb;l vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ MuHpnfawmhvnf; igMuHpnfw,f rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh 0rf;enf;awmhvnf; ig0rf;enf;w,f rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ 0rf;omawmhvnf; ig0rf;omw,f qdak wmh igawG olawG qdw k mu wjcm;vm;? 'd|ad wGvm;/ ('d|ad wGygbk&m;)/ tJ'v D kd 'd|ad wG jzpfaewm[m wjcm;rjrifvv Ykd m;/ cE¨mrjrifvv Ydk m;/ (cE¨mrjrifvyYdk gbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if 'DcE¨mBuD;onf reufjzefjrJawmhrvdv k kd obufcgjrJawmh rvdv k kd aemufwpfaeU ae&awmhrvdv k kd qdkwJh oów'd|dawGu wjcm; r[kwfbl;/ cE¨m&JU tysufudk rjrifvkdY/ 'Dvdkjzifh bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DwdkY&JU cE¨ m &J U ouf w rf ; onf wpf ç ES p f / ajymprf ; yg (wpf ç ES p f ) / tJ ' gbk e f ; BuD ; wd k Y & J U ouf w rf ; yJ / touf b ,f a vmuf & S n f v J v d k Y a jym&if ÓmPf e J U ajym&if b,f v d k ajymrvJ (wpf ç ES p f ) / wpf p d w f c sKyf N yD ; ESppf w d t f pm;xd;k w,faygh/ tJ'D wpfcsdef av; bke;f BuD;wdYk touf&n S w f m/ reufjzef obufqw kd mu orkwd taeeJU ynwftaeeJUom ajymaomfvnf;yJ wu,fw h u,fawmh &SnEf ikd f yghrvm;/ odUk aomf orkwd taeeJUawmh rajym&bl;vm;/ tJ'v D kd trSeu f kd jrifvu kd w f hJ tcgusawmh jzpfysufqakd wmh ysufw,fqw kd monf 'DcE¨monf jrJwmvm;? rjrJwmvm;/ (rjrJwmygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh wjcm;cE¨majymwmvm;? acG;ra[mifwJhcE¨majymwmvm;/ (acG;ra[mifwchJ E¨m ajymwmygbk&m;)/ cGjJ cm;odaemf/ Mum;w,f? r&Sad wmhb;l / r&Sw d monf bmaMumifrh &Sw d mvJ/ rjrJvUkd / bmjzpfv/Ykd (rjrJv)Ykd / rjrJwmonf wjcm;aMumifv h m;? rcdik v f v Ykd m;/ (rckid f vdyYk gbk&m;/ rckid b f ;l vdYk odvu kd w f monf wjcm;aowmvm;? oów 'd|daowmvm;/ (oów'd|d aowmygbk&m;)/ Mum;w,f aemufwpfcg Mum;wm tpm;rxdk;bl;vm;/ (tpm;xd;k ygw,f)/ tpm;xd;k vdu k Nf yD qdu k wnf; u 'um? 'umrawG jzpfvmwmaygh/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if cE¨mvdUk ajymjim; aomfvnf;yJ aMomfjzpfNyD;awmh ysufwmyJqdkwm 'gÓmPfxJrSm jrifaeNyD/ jzpfysufudk jrifaeNyD/ jrifatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkw&f r,f/ rjrifao;&if jrifatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkw&f r,f/ tJ'v D kd jrifaeNyDq&kd if vrf;rSef ra&muf bl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,fb&k m;)/ rjrif&if vrf;rSm;a&mufomG ;r,f/ oów 'd|d jrw J ,fv, Ykd rl ,faemf/ Oapä''d|jd ywfw,f awmufw,fvYkd ,lr,f/ tJ'aD y:rSmudk igawGvYkd ,lr,fqakd wmh tJ'gonf wjcm;vm;? trSm;vm;/ (trSm;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvjkd zif&h if trSm;qdw k monf wjcm;vm;? 'd|v d m;/ ('d|yd gbk&m;)/ 'd|t d rSm; 62-yg;&Sw d ,f/ b,fEpS yf g;&S/d (62-yg;&Syd gw,f)/ tJ'D 'd|d 62-yg;udk a[m'DrmS Munfh a,m*DwjYkd zpfysuf wpfv;kH jrifvu kd w f meJU tukef raobl;vm;/ 'Dvjdk zif&h if jzpfysufwpfv;kH jrifvu kd w f meJU bmjzpfwmvJ/ tukeaf ow,f/ b,fvjkd zpfvUkd tukeaf owmvJ qdak wmh 249

yƒdpP o rk y ` g 'f-zwfvrf;

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cE¨mudkjrifwkef; u bm'd|dao/ (ouúm,'d|d)/ w&m;ed*Hk;csKyfvmNyDaemf/ tysufudkjrifawmh? (oów'd|d)/ tjzpfujkd rifawmh (Oapä''d|d aoygw,fb&k m;)/ 'd|d 3-rsdK; raobl;vm;/ (aoygw,f)/ tJ'D 'd|d 3-rsdK;u OyrmeJUajym&if rD;&xm; wGBJ uD;udk acgif;wGq J o JG vdyk /J acgif;wGq J w JG m aemufuwGJ 100-&Syd gap 'um? 'umrawG rygbl;vm;/ (yg-ygw,fb&k m;)/ tJ'aD wmh usefwhJ 'd|rd eS o f rQ 62-yg;udk 'D 3-yg;xJ a,m*Dwu Ykd qGo J mG ;/ usefwmawG tukerf aobl;vm;/ [drk mS ur®óuwmor®m'd|d ÓmPfrmS ed,wawG &Si;f xm;Ny;D Ny/D tJ'aD wmh 'DÓmPfu&kd &if &So d rQ 'd|d tukeaf &mNy;D awmh raobl;vm;/ (aoygw,fb&k m;)/ tEkaAm"ÓmPf q&morm;udk rSND yD; odvu kd w f t hJ cgusawmh tEkaAm"ÓmPf &w,f/ tJ'D ÓmPfav;&NyD;&if ud, k w f idk u f , kd u f s tm;xkww f ÓhJ mPfonf wjcm;ÓmPfvm;? 0dyóemÓmPfvm;/ 0dyóemÓmPf&½Hek UJ edAÁmefjrifEikd Nf yDvm;/ (rjrifEikd af o; ygbl;bk&m;/) bmjzpfvv Ykd nf; qdak wmh 0dyóemÓmPfu 'd|u d kd tNyD;owf ry,fEikd af o;bl;/ cPyJ y,fEikd w f mud;k /

tm½H k v morQ½I bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh ig0dyóem tm;xkwfw,fqdkwmawmifrS 'd|du vmEdkifao;wmudk;/ 'Dawmh b,favmufxad tmif olvmovJvUkd qd&k if ÓmPftm;jzifh a*gMwblw/hJ bHt k m;jzifh b0*f? tJ'g'd|u d olUe,f qdak wmh bke;f BuD;wdYk a,m*DawGu ckrjS zpfysuu f av; jrif½&kH adS o;qdak wmh 'd|u d dk oluEdik yf gvm;/ (rEdik af o;ygbl;bk&m;)/ rEdik af o;bl;/ 'Dvjkd zifh 'd|&d UJ tkycf sKyfru I kd cHae&ao;w,f/ ig 0dyóem tm;xkwaf eao;w,f ponfjzifh 'd|&d &dS if rmeawGaum rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fb&k m;)/ igu 0dyóem tm;xkww f m? igu olrsm;eJU tqift h wef;wlwm r[kwb f ;l qdak wmh --a[m 'd|&d ,f rme&,f/ &Si;f aum&Si;f &JUvm;/ tJ'aD wmh olwUkd eJU wGzJ uf wJh ud, k t hf vkyu f av;ud, k f oabmusaew,f q d k a wmh wjcm;vm;? wPS m vm;/ (wPS m ygbk & m;)/ trav; ed u EÅ d wPS m tEk p d w f a v;0if v mw,f ? a,m*D w d k U / w&m;av; tm;xk w f a umif ; aew,f qd k & if y J tJ ' g wPS m yJ / odyt f Ekpw d v f mNyaD emf/ tJ'D wPSmu vmawmhr,frh *¾iu f kd tomav; rodromav; ydwyf w d x f m;wmrsKd ;? 'DÓmPfawG txufa&mufvmav 'um? 'umrawG ydNk y;D awmh *½kpu kd &f avaygh/ uJ tck bm0do'k v d¨ /J r*¾gr*¾ ÓmP'óe0do'k /¨d tedrphf m; tvwfpm; tjrifph m;/ olu 3-qifh wufr,f/ b,fEpS q f ifh (3-qifyh gbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh 3-qifu h kd q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u (1) jzpfysuf jrif (2) jzpfysuf rke;f (3) jzpfysuf qH;k 'Dvkd 3-qif&h w dS mud;k / tck a,m*DwYkd jzpfysufu jrifvmNyD/ jrifvmwJh tcgusawmh jzpfysufukd jrifaewJh tcsed rf mS 'DÓmPfu odyt f a&;BuD;vmNyaD ygh/ jrifwt hJ cgusawmh wjznf;jznf;av; &if&h ifh &if&h ifv h ma&m/ wjznf;jznf; &ifhvmwJhtcsdeftcgrSm a[m'D jzpfysufudk jrifumeD;av;rSmyif cke pmvdkqdk&if or®oeÓmPfqdkwm &Sdw,f/ bmÓmPfv/J (or®oeÓmPf)/ ok;H oyfwhJ ÓmPfaygh/ tJ'v D kd jzpfysufujkd rifwt hJ cgrSm jrifwt hJ cg&Sv d u kd f rjrifwt hJ cg &Sv d u kd ?f tjrJwrf; vnf; rjrifao;bl;av/ 'd|q d w kd m uyfcmG ud;k / olU[meJUol t½IceH UJ t½I ÓmPfeUJ wnfah e&if 'd|u d cGmaew,f/ t½IceH UJ t½IÓmPfeUJ rwnh&f if wpfcgwnf; jyef0ifw,f/ tJ'aD wmh 0dyóem pç½IwhJ a,m*Donf 'd|d uyfcmG vdaYk c:w,f/ bmwJ/h (uyfcmG )/ awmfMum jyefuyfvu kd ?f t½IÓmPf av; wnfv h u fkd af wmh cGmvdu k ?f t½IÓmPfav; rwnfah wmh uyfvu fkd ?f t½IÓmPfav; wnfo h mG ;vdu k f cGmvdu k ?f 'gaMumifh pç½IumprSm a,m*D wd&Yk UJ 'd|o d nf uyfvu kd f cGmvdu k ?f uyfvu kd f cGmvdu k f jzpfw,f/ aemufq;kH awmh b,fvrkd S uyfvYkd r&atmif awmufavQmuf cGmoGm;atmif w&pyf tm;xkw&f wm/ rem;r&yf Mum;rjywf ½IrSwfjrJ&rnf/ 250

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