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0drw k *då P k o f mvGeo f u l rdk awGU&ay/ xkt d cg bk&m;&Sio f nf ]]igonf rdrx d ;dk xGi;f í odNy;D aomw&m;uko d mvQif t½dt k ao tav;tjrwf j yKíae&rl a umif ; avpG } } [k t BuH t pnf jzpfawmfrlavonf/ þodt Yk m;jzifh w&m;awmfonfyifvQif bk&m;&Si\ f tav;tjrwf½akd o&m jzpfco hJ nfrmS xif&mS ;vSayonf/ 17

j r oef ; pH w&m;awmf\*kPfj'yfum;BuD;rm;vSaypG/ ;

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bk&m;&Sifonf owåowåm[vGefajrmufNyD; &uf (50)jynfí h tZygvanmifyif&if;ü xuf0,f zGUJ acGxidk af epOf üvnf; pdwt f BuHwpfcjk zpfawmfrjl yef\/ ]]igud, k af wmfwidk f odjrifc&hJ aomopöm av;yg;w&m; tpkonf vGepf mG odEidk cf v J \ S / Nidr;f csrf;vS\/ rGejf rwfv\ S / odraf rGUvS\/ tusirhf eS u f dk usiBhf uHaomynm &Sw d o Ydk mawGUjrif Edik \ f / owå0g taygif;onf tm½Hik g;yg;? umr*kPw f &m; wkUd ESihf arGUavsmfae\/xkaYd Mumifh taMumif;tusdK;qufpyf aeonfh y#dpöorkyÜg'fukd odjrifEdkifzkdYcufvS\/ xkdYxuf udavomwkcYd sKyfNidr;f &m edAmÁ efudk odjrifEikd zf yYdk ckd uf\/ þrQ eufev J aS omw&m;wku Yd dk a[mMum;onft h cg£ajE´ r&ifu h suf aom ewf? vlwYdk emMum;í rodjrif ? em;rvnfEikd v f Qif igbk&m;twGuf yifyef;½Ho k m&Scd sdrrhf nf}} þonfrmS w&m;awmf\wefz;kd ukd oAÁnKwa&TÚmPf awmfjzifh odjrifem;vnfaombk&m;&Sif\ wefzdk;xm;rI yifwnf;/ okaYd omf r[mu½kPm&Siyf yD ?D tcsdeu f sonft h cg vl? ewf? jA[®m? owå0g teEÅwt Ydk m; w&m;a&at;ukd (45)0gumvywfv;kH rjywfwu dk af uR;cJo h nfom/ w&m;awmf\wefzdk;um; BuD;rm;vSaypG/ ;

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j r oef ; pH um;rNyD;qHk;ao;/ tjyifwGifaqmif;ESif;cg;awG½dkufojzifh bk&m;&Si\ f ouFe;f awmfwyYdk ifvQif pkpd w G v f macsNyD/ bk&m;&Sif \uk, d af wmfonfyifvQif at;pdrx hf u Hk siv f macsNy/D eE´rax&f um;w&m;a[m aumif;aeqJ/ bk&m;&Siu f vnf; w&m;emí aumif;aeqJ/ rdk;aomuf,HokdYa&mufvmonf/ ta&SUbufwGif a&mifeDawG orf;vmNyD/ xkdtcgrS eE´rax&fw&m;yGJum; NyD;qH;k oGm;onf/ bk&m;&Siq f rG ;f pm;aqmif twGi;f ok<Yd ujref; 0ifa&mufvmrS eE´rax&fonf jyifyaqmif;ESi;f 'PfMum;wGif wpfnvH;k onf;cHawmfru l m w&m;emaecJo h nfh bk&m;&Si\ f pdw"f mwf uko d &d onf/ xkt d cg bk&m;&Si\ f w&m;awmfudk wefz;dk xm;jrwfE;kd wwfy?kH olwpfyg;w&m;a[m t&Sed yf sufrmS pk;d í qGr;f pm;aqmiftwGi;f r0ifbJ jyifyrSw&m;emcJyh ?kH w&m; ESiyhf wfoufí bk&m;&Sif uk, d af wmfwidk f wynfo h m;&[ef; oHCmtay: cs;D jriS yhf ?kH ud, k af wmfwidk f w&m;awmfuadk zmfxw k í f pwifa[mMum;oljzpfcyhJ gvQuf olwpfyg; a[mMum;onfudk wav;wpm; emcJhonftxd w&m;tay:ü tav;tjrwfjyKyHk? w&m;[lonfolYw&m;? ighw&m;r&Sd/ obm0w&m;ouf o uf om jzpf o nf [ k b k & m;&S i f u pd w f " mwf E S i f h v k y f & yf w G J í ouf a o jyoG m ;cJ h y H k w k d Y u k d eE´rax&fonf qifjcifawG;qrdomG ;onf/ ]]wHcg;tjyifbufwiG f bk&m;&Si&f adS erSe;f odygu 20

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j r oef ; pH zwfvu kd rf o d nf (1) avmurSm umr*kPcf srf;omeJY w&m;"r® csrf;omvkYd csrf;omESprf sdK;&Sw d t hJ xJu w&m; "r®csrf;omeJYyJaysmfarGUcsifw,f/ (2) vlb Y 0xuf &[ef;b0u trsm;tusdK;ukd us,fus,fjyefjY yefU jzLjzLpifpifaqmif&u G f Edik w f ,f/ (3) rdbaus;Zl;ukd tjrwfq;kH enf;eJq Y yfcsif w,f/ q&mawmf o nf ol Y q E´ y gtwk d i f ; ol u k d , f w k d i f jznf h q nf ; usif h B uH a qmif & G u f a eNyD w nf ; / uRef a wmf u q&mawmfukd ta0;rStm;usMunfndKae&onf/ ,cif wavmu q&mawmf w pf y g;wnf ; {upm&D awm& aqmufwnf&m oxHNk rdKU? auvmoawmif? a&Tyg&rDawm& ausmif;okdY uRefawmfvkdufoGm;cJhrdao;onf/ aeYy&d,wf? ny#dywftvkyEf iS hf wpfyg;wnf; awm&aqmufwnfaeaom q&mawmf\vuf&dS b0aerIypkH u H dk MunfnKd tm;usrcd &hJ onf/ q&mawmfESifhuRefawmfonfxl;jcm;wkdufqkdifp G m arG ; &uf ? arG ; vwpf x yf w nf ; wl a eygonf / Zef e 0g&D (9)&ufzmG ;rsm;jzpf\/ okaYd omfuRefawmfu q&mawmfxuf (10)ESpw f w d d apmNyD;arG;ygonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh q&mawmf xufuRefawmfutouf (10)ESpBf uD;onf[q k Edk idk yf gonf/ 22

"r®om0eukokdvf okdYaomftouf[lonf raorDtwGif; onfb0twGuf &&S d x m;aom ud e f ; *Pef ; ta&twG u f o mjzpf y gonf / bmrQvkyí f r&yg/ wu,fwefz;dk tppfrmS rl todÚmPfynm om jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfu 1995-96 ywf0ef;usif a&mufrS bk&m;&dy?f w&m;&dy?f oHCm&dyu f dk tNyD;wkid f cdv k zHI Ydk pdwu f ;l ay:vmcJo h nf/ xkt d csdew f iG f 1984ckEpS f uwnf;u (10)wef;ajcmufbmom*kPfxl;jzifh atmifjrifcJhNyD;aemuf y&d,wf? y#dywfEpS jf zmBudK;pm; usihBf uHvmcJah om q&mawmf u uRefawmfxufpmvQif touft&G,f (*Pef;eHygwf tm;jzif)h 10ESpf i,faomfvnf; todÚmPfynm&SmazGrt I &mü uRefawmfx h uf (10)ESpaf pmonf[q k cdk sifygonf/ okaYd Mumifh vnf; uRefawmfonf q&mawmf\ oDv *kP?f orm"d*P k ?f ynm*kPw f u Ydk dk ]]vmjcif;aumif;aom{nho f nf}} aqmif;yg; jzifh azmfxkwfa&;om;rdcJh jcif;jzpfygonf/ xkdaqmif;yg;a&; pOfu q&mawmf onf o'¨r&® o H &D yd o f mü oDwif;oH;k aepOf umvjzpf ygonf/ &dyo f mrSaeí uRefawmft h rd o f Ydk qGr;f pm; <ucJah om tajctaeav;ukd jyefowd&rdaeao; onf/ uRefawmfa&;om;cJhaom ]]Nidrf;csrff;aompdwfjzifh rNidrf;csrf; aomtm½Hkrsm;ukdjzwfausmfjcif;}} pmtkyfü q&mawmfu uRefawmft h wGuf trSmpma&;om; csD;jrSiahf y;cJo h nfuv dk nf; jyefowd&aerdygonf/ arG;aeYw?l tm½Hw k ?l 0goemwl? OD;wnf&mwl ojzifh 23

j r oef ; pH pdwcf sif;qufo, G f arwåm"mwfawG tjyeftvSeEf , G , f u S cf hJ Muygonf/ q&mawmfw h &m;yGu J kd uk, d w f ikd w f pfcgrQ remcJph bl; onfwpfcgawmh w&m;yGJokdYra&mufa&mufatmifoGm;í a&SUqH;k rS emMum;rnf[k tm;cJxm;vku d rf o d nf/ umave"r®ó0eH {wHr*Fvrkwrå H (tcg tcGio hf ifh wkid ;f w&m;emjcif;onf r*Fvmwpfyg;jzpfonf) [k (38)jzm r*Fvmw&m;wGif bk&m;&Sifa[mxm;cJhonf/ "r®ó0e ukov dk [ f o l nf &cJaypG/ w&m;emjcif;onf r*Fvmw&m;udk jzpfap ygvm;/ w&m;awmf\pGrf;tm;um; jrifhrm;vSaypG/ ;

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j r oef ; pH vkdaom olwkdY\apwemrSm olwkdY\rsufESmrsm;ay:wGif txif;om;ay:vGifaeonf/ olwkdYukdjrifvkduf&onf ESifh olwx Ydk rH S "r®yw D v d idI ;f awGudk xdawGUcHpm;vku d f &ovk&d o dS nf/ uHjrifah usmif;wku d af tmufbufwiG f (36) vu©cef&Y dS wDAGDBuD;wpfvHk;csxm;onfukdawGU&onf/ ,ciftBudrf w&m;yGAJ 'DG , D t kd acGudk xkwv f iT jhf yoaeonf/ w&m;yGrJ usi;f yrD q&mawmf<urvmrD a&mufESifhNyD;aom y&dowfrsm;ukd w&m;ESirhf w d q f ufaeonfh oabm/ onfaeYw&m;yGEJ iS yh f gqkv d Qif onfausmif;wku d w f Gif w&m;yGJrsm;usif;ycJhonfrSm (126) Budrf&SdcJhayNyD/ q&mawmfaygif;pHkonf onfausmif;wkduf "r®obif "r®yv’iaf y:rSwpfqifh w&m;a'oemaygif;rsm;pGm a[mMum;cJNh yD;ayNyD/ pDpOfow l u Ydk vnf;pDpOfaqmif&u G cf MhJ uNyD; jzpfonf/ uRefawmfum; ,ckrSyifa&mufzl;awmhonf/ uk, d t fh jzpfudk ud, k Mf unfí h tm;rvkt d m;r&jzpfro d nf/ w&m;a[myv’it f eD;a&SUqH;k em;wGif ae&m,lvu kd f onf/ xD;jzLoHk;vufatmufrS w&m;a[myv’ifonf a&Ta&mifawG wzdwzf w d v f ufaeonf/ pHy,fyef;awGu w&m; a[myv’iyf wfvnfwiG f jzLazG;Ektpd mG ae&m,lvsu/f bk&m;cef; xJ&Sda usmuf q if ; wk b k & m;½k y f y G m ;awmf r S m yv’ i f x uf ü xuf0,fzUJG acG oDwif;oH;k um £ajE&´ ifu h supf mG jzifh NyKH ;awmf rlaeonf/ bk&m;cef;twGif; b,fnmyef;tkd;BuD;rsm;? bk&m;cef;tjyifbuf b,fnmyef;tk;d BuD;rsm;rSm wifw h ,f 26