!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
msilaud
dualism
!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
ZOE GILLIGAN
!
PHILOSOPHY / FOURTH PERIOD
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
PHILOSOPHICAL DEFINITION:
! “In philosophy of mind, dualism is the position that mental phenomena are, in some respects, nonphysical, or that the mind and body are not identical.” Essentially, this means that the body — a physical entity — is different from the mind — a nonphysical entity. (Think: mind and matter, and subject and object.)
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
DUALISM ILLUSTRATION
! This particular piece was illustrated by famous philosopher, René Descartes. (Cartesian dualism was named after him.) It depicts a person with strings attached to their fingertip and eyes. The strings are inputs, which stem from the physical body and connect to the brain, which then continue to the mind. This says that the brain — a seat of intelligence which controls the body — and the mind — a seat of consciousness — are different from one another. The mind can exist outside of the body, but the body cannot think for itself. Our mind determines who we are, and the physical properties of our brain control only our outer self (hiding our real one). This thinking denotes that the immaterial soul may survive long after the body does not. However, we have to believe that there must be a casual interaction and intersection, because the inputs in his illustration all connect.
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! !
monism
! ! ! ! ! ! !
“HERE COMES MR. JORDAN” FILM POSTER
! Here Comes Mr. Jordan was a film from 1941. It opens up with our lead, Joe, dying in a plane crash. Joe, who was a boxer, wasn’t actually supposed to die. In fact, he wasn’t supposed to die for a long time, but an absentminded angel changed that (by mistake). Of course, Joe wasn’t pleased with this, so God granted a transfer of his soul into the newly dead corpse of a former millionaire who had just been killed by his wife. The rest of the film follows Joe’s mind in trying to adapt to his new body and situation. The philosophical key to this film is that Joe’s mind — “his personhood; his soul” — isn’t attached or tethered to a particular physical body; his mind can be hosted by any body, which, in essence, is the heart (ha!) of dualism. As I mentioned before, this touches on the dualist belief of the soul lasting long after the body can.
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! !
YIN AND YANG
! Yin and Yang most famously stems from Chinese philosophy and religion. Yin and yang are two principles, the darker half representing negativity, darkness, and femininity, with the other half representing light, positivity, and masculinity. They are opposite forces that actually compliment one another. Many common dualities, such as fire and water, are thought to have manifested themselves from the duality we see in yin and yang. Yin and yang is believed to be greater as a whole, rather than separated in two parts, and to symbolize a balance between these opposites because they share a little part of each other (the little dots in each side). They are different, but they rely on each other and are interconnected. As it is with our mind and body, they both are different, but they rely on one another. However, yin could not exist without yang, but Western dualist philosophers believe that the mind can exist without the body, but not vice versa.
! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
REFERENCES ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualism_(philosophy_of_mind)#Plato_and_Aristotle
! http://www.creativeboysclub.com/tags/architecture/page/21 !
https://yogametaphysics.wordpress.com/2011/12/23/vedantic-parallels-for-medicine-physicspsychology-philosophy/
! https://welovephilosophy.com/2013/03/20/dualism-in-the-movies/ ! http://trapped-film.com/download-movie/here-comes-mr-jordan/ ! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang ! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle !
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Plato;_bust._Wellcome_M0005618.jpg
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! !