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Branko Nikolić

Zbirka članaka o pčelarstvu

-11

O PČELI BIOLOGIJA PČELE .............. ...........................

........................... .......................7 K RANJSKA PČELA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................

........7K AVKASKA PČELA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................

7I TALIJANSKA

PČELA

............................ ............................ ............................ .........................8 T AMNA PČELA

............................

............................ ............................ ............................ .....8 PČELINJE DRUŠTVO ........ ............................ ............................

............................ ............ 8 M ATICA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................

...................8R ADILICA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ..................9T RUT

............................

............................ ............................ ............................ ......................10 S AĆE

............................ ............................

............................ ............................ .......................

10L EGLO

............................ ............................ ............................

............................ .................... 11 Razvojni stadijumi ............ ............................ ............................ ............................ ..........11

H RANA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ....................13 Cvetni prah -

polen .................. ............................ ............................ ............................ .....13 Kako pÄ?ele sakupljaju polen .................. ............................

............................ ..............14 Bioh emijski sastav cvetnog praha (polena) .............. ............................ ...........................

14 Polen u

ishrani legla ................... ............................ ............................ ............................ .15 Nektar i med .................... ............................

............................ ............................ ..............17 Med ljika .................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ....................18V

oda ..................... ............................ ............................ ............................ .........................1 9 ANATOMIJA I FIZIOLOGIJA

PČELE .............. ........................... ........................... ........20 SPОLJNI ОRGАNI I NJIHОVЕ FUNKCIJЕ ........

............................ ............................ ..... 20 ОRGАNI ČULА ........................... ........................... ........................... ...........................

.........23ОRGАN I ZА IZLUČIVАNJЕ . ........................... ........................... ........................... ............24ОRGА NI ZА

ISHRАNU I VАRЕNJЕ ......... ........................... ........................... ..................

25ŽLЕZDЕ ....... ........................... ...........................

........................... ........................... ..............27KRV ОTОK PČЕLЕ .............. ........................... ........................... ...........................

...............28PОL NI ОRGАNI PČЕLА .............. ........................... ........................... ........................... ...... 29ОRGАNI ZА

DISАNJЕ .......... ........................... ........................... ........................... ..............31MАL JЕ I DLАČICЕ ......... ...........................

........................... ........................... ....................32B OLESTI I NEPRIJATELJI PČELA .............. ............................ ............................

............ 33 BOLESTI LEGLA ............. ............................ ............................ ............................ ...............33 Američka trulež

legla ................... ............................ ............................ ............................

33 Evropska trule탑 legla ................... ............................

............................ ............................

36 Prehlađeno leglo ................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ........38

G LJIVIČNA OBOLJENJA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................

38 Krečno

leglo ................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ..............38 Kam eno leglo ................... ............................

............................ ............................ .............40 V IRUSNE BOLESTI

............................ ............................ ............................

............................ ..... 41 Mešinasto leglo ................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ..........42

2

BOLESTI I MANE MATICE ........... ........................... ........................... ...........................

....43 M ELANOZA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ..............43

BOLESTI ODRASLIH PČELA .............. ........................... ........................... ........................4 3 MАJSKА

BОLЕST ........... ............................ ............................ ............................ ...............44АMЕ BОZА ................ ............................ ............................

............................ ....................44 N OZEMOZA

(N OZEMA

) ......................... ............................ ............................ ............................

.44A KUTNA PARALIZA PČELA

............................ ............................ ............................ .......................46 V

AROZA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ..................47A KAROZA

............................ ............................

............................ ............................ ................ 55 Druge vrste krpelja u košnici ............... ............................ ............................

....................56 D IZENTERIJA

DYSENTHERIA

............................ ............................ ............................ .................. 56S

EPTIKEMIJA

SEPTICEMIA

............................ ............................ ............................ .....................

57P ARATIFUS

PARATHYPHUS

............................ ............................ ............................ ...................57 NEPRIJATELJI PČELA ..............

........................... ........................... ........................... ........57 V OSKOVI MOLJCI

............................ ............................

............................ ............................ .......58P ČELINJI VUK

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................

........... 59P ČELINJA VAŠ

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ..........59M RAVI

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ....................60O SE I STRŠLJENI

............................

............................ ............................ ............................ .........61P AUCI

............................ ............................ ............................

............................ ......................

61M IŠEVI I ROVČICA

............................ ............................ ............................

............................ ......61P TICE

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ......................62

M EDVEDI

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .................62L EPTIR

-

MRTVAČKA GLAVA

............................ ............................ ............................ ...................63P TINUS

CELEOPTERA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................

63T RIANGULINA

COLOPTERA MELOE

............................ ............................ ............................ ............ 63 PČELARENJE .. ............................ ............................ ............................

............................ ...... 64OPREMA I PČELARSKI PRIBOR ............ ........................... ........................... ...................64 D

IMILICA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ..................64 N OŽ PČELARSKI

............................

............................ ............................ ............................ ......... 64Č ETKA

............................ ............................ ............................

............................ ....................64P ČELARSKA KAPA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ..... 65K

AVEZI ZA MATICE

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ... 65M AMUZAST

TOČAK ILI ŽVRK

............................ ............................ ............................ ...................65 N OŽ ZA

SEČENJE SATNIH OSNOVA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............. 65B URGIJA

,

ŠILO ILI KOMPLET ZA BUŠENJE RAMOVA

............................ ............................ ...................66D ASKA

ILI PODMETAČ

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ . 66V RŠKARA

,

PLETARA ILI TRMKA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............... 66Č EKIĆ

,

KLEŠTA

, TURPIJA

, TESTERICA I VOĆARSKE MAKAZE

............................ ............................

........66................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ..............66 N OŽ I VILJUŠKA

ZA SKIDANJE VOŠTANIH POKLOPACA SA ĆELIJA SAĆA

............................ .....................66C EDILJKA

ILI CENTRIFUGA ZA VRCANJE MEDA

............................ ............................ ........................

67S

ANDUČE ZA PČELARSKI PRIBOR

............................ ............................ ............................ ...............67P OJILO

ZA PČELE

............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ........68H RANILICA ZA

PRIHRANJIVANJE PČELA

............................ ............................ ............................ ......68M ATIČNA ILI

H

ANEMANOVA I

H AFMANOVA REŠETKA

............................ ............................ .............69P OSUDE ZA

SPRAVLJANJE SIRUPA

............................ ............................ ............................ ............. 69P ARNI TOPIONIK VOSKA

............................ ............................ ............................ ..........................6 93

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Sections • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

O PČELI - BIOLOGIJA PČELE Kranjska pčela Kavkaska pčela Italijanska pčela Matica Radilica Trut Leglo Razvojni stadijumi Hrana Cvetni prah - polen Kako pčele sakupljaju polen Biohemijski sastav cvetnog praha (polena) Polen u ishrani legla Nektar i med Medljika Voda ANATOMIJA I FIZIOLOGIJA PČELE SPОLJNI ОRGАNI I NJIHОVЕ FUNKCIJЕ ОRGАNI ČULА ОRGАNI ZА IZLUČIVАNJЕ ОRGАNI ZА ISHRАNU I VАRЕNJЕ ŽLЕZDЕ KRVОTОK PČЕLЕ PОLNI ОRGАNI PČЕLА ОRGАNI ZА DISАNJЕ MАLJЕ I DLАČICЕ BOLESTI I NEPRIJATELJI PČELA BOLESTI LEGLA Američka trulež legla Evropska trulež legla Prehlađeno leglo Gljivična oboljenja Krečno leglo Kameno leglo Virusne bolesti Mešinasto leglo BOLESTI I MANE MATICE Melanoza BOLESTI ODRASLIH PČELA MАJSKА BОLЕST АMЕBОZА Nozemoza (Nozema) Akutna paraliza pčela Varoza

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Akaroza Druge vrste krpelja u košnici Dizenterija - dysentheria Septikemija - septicemia Paratifus - parathyphus NEPRIJATELJI PČELA Voskovi moljci Pčelinji vuk Mravi Pauci Ptice Medvedi Leptir - mrtvačka glava Ptinus - celeoptera Triangulina-coloptera meloe Dimilica Četka Pčelarska kapa Kavezi za matice Nož za sečenje satnih osnova Burgija, šilo ili komplet za bušenje ramova Daska ili podmetač Vrškara, pletara ili trmka Cediljka ili centrifuga za vrcanje meda Pojilo za pčele Posude za spravljanje sirupa Parni topionik voska Pčelarska vaga Trud Boje za matice Brojevi za matice Elektricni zvrk Japanska igla za presađivanje larvi Olovka za vađenje polena Stakleni pribor za obeležavanje matica Nitne za ram Nosač ramova Okovi za kosnice razni Pregrada Razmaci za klasične ramove Razmaci za AŽ Razna literatura Regulatori leta Rucka za nošenje kosnice Rukavice Slavina Spirala metalna za dodavanje matice Plastična štipaljka za maticu Žica za ramove

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

KOŠNICE Nukleusi DadanBlatova (DB) LangstRutova (LR) Fararova OSNOVNI RAD PRIHRANJIVANJE PČELINJIH DRUŠTAVA Kada se pčelinja društva prihranjuju?

Osnovni principi prilikom prihranjivanja Zašto je prihranjivanje poslednjih godina sve aktuelnije Spravljanje i načini korišćenja hrane Zimska i oplemenjena pogača Polenova pogača Nerafinisani šećer u ishrani pčela Invertovanje šećera (saharoze) Korišćenje čvrste hrane Čvrsta hrana za nadražajno prihranjivanje Prihranjivanje pčelinjih društava u jesen Kad obavljati jesenje prihranjivanje Jesenje nadražajno prihranjivanje Zimsko prihranjivanje pčela Kako pčele zimuju Kako se pčele zimi prihranjuju Pretprolećno i prolećno prihranjivanje pčelinjih društava Prolećno nadražajno prihranjivanje Kada početi sa prolećnim nadražajnim prihranjivanjem Kako obavljati prolećno nadražajno prihranjivanje?

NAPREDNI RAD UZGOJ MATICA Alejev način proizvodnje matica Metod Agatona Miljkovića Dulitlov metod proizvodnje matica Izgradnja osnova matičnjaka Presađivanje larvi Dvostruko presađivanje larvi Hopkinsov metod UZGOJ MATICA POMOĆU JENTEREVOG APARATA KOJOM METODOM DOĆI DO VELIKOG BROJA KVALITETNIH MATIČNJAKA KADA POČETI SA AKTIVNOSTIMA U VEZI UZGOJA MATICA IZBOR RODONAČELNIČKOG DRUŠTVA PREDNOSTI KORIŠĆENJA JENTEROVOG APARATA OPIS JENTEROVOG APARATA PRIPREMA APARATA ZA UPOTREBU RAD SA JENTEROVIM APARATOM - Stavljanje aparata u odabrano društvo na nadgradnju i poliranje DAN 13. - popodne - Formiranje nukleusa DAN 14. - popodne - Presađivanje matičnjaka DAN 17. - popodne - Kontrola izloženosti matica i vađenje osnova matičnjaka UZGOJ MATICA U VIŠE TURNUSA

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

OBELEŽAVANJE MATICA KAVEZ POKLOPAČ ZA BLOKIRANJE MATICE BATLEROV KAVEZ ZA DODAVANJE MATICE BENTONOV TRANSPORTNI KAVEZ PRIPREMANJE HRANE KOJA SE STAVLJA U TRANSPORTNI KAVEZ OTPREMANJE MATICA DODAVANJE MATICA ZAMENA STARIH I ONEMOĆALIH MATICA U PROIZVODNIM PČELINJI PROIZVODI MED KAKO NASTAJE MED OTROV POLEN PROPOLIS VOSAK MLEČ KALENDAR RADOVA PO MESECIMA Januar Februar Mart April Avgust Septembar Oktobar Novembar Decembar

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