สู่จุดจบ! The Coming Collapse of Thailand

o

In NTtfitfi wiiainr

(The Coming Collapse of Thailand)

WS. left iJtysn

imSUIfinTa : ifim aUYiyH<31U

itezaiiMTUMfa : aum tmuQom

aanuuiJiln/|iiisi>i : ra^am wrctensmvn cheimvi =eminu"^ l^u/vhlefta a^^Ta ilnvinhfa^l'w : '"inunjja a-nuffi

tj a §j au's-a mn un*5 jj^ a-a vta a jj em vnfli gi

ftaeism! = The Coming Collapse of Thailand.-- uunm : Tawsswi. 2549 "i.Inej - -. jmuimi^iffa. 2Ana -- rms&jfiaj.

3.T.Y1&J - - 'nT5isja<HiaKnT3iJnev5a-3. I. =iiai^a«3 •a

330. 9593

ISBN 974-94066-4-8 O

^lunwaw la mz\.fa wuiflf*

11/2.1.4 vuyihuibviaj 'flay 13/22 nuufla-^-^vmmin m-3?niN«iui m-sinna^ •uvvnii't 11110

Vfll : C-2925-2308

TvrSJm : 0-2925-0952. 0-2868-6672

aiya :. info@ohmygodbooks.com vAnv.ohmygodbocks.com '

^waiviuijjvf'iiJ'SKiYifilviEjTwEjaiEjffj^nwi

\fri-m ifiafllvio ^insi Tvtj 02-2259536-40

* a-j?in-5 «vhwi« amiju iilanamjflfiatfaajmiftjfo^wujnnluTifnviifiu rnwiwffisiefflaimijjism Tvi-sffvw 0-292S-2308 Trotm 0-2925-0952. 0-2868-6672

U»@ a/

da

tn

3

<a

o

wsfasflftGi taaei ma vmieiiwawasu'iGn ma

6l{wl(?lJJ1^^'31§Jt3uiJ'3^1filJVl(?l£jtuUWUiUe{&JiaJ

jiuivciuviN'Mm

•

Tpmauarm a

•

fi9iuan«nan-"Miuanfi3jm

•

lbsinuEJN: vnyus^inaTswuliuinjlviEj ?

•

TJivman-illa^man

•

aijjTm^^l^jjimEJjjlo

•

ifiii1a^i5a>3ui3ju

•

aUJUNUWU

• •

ifta 9w mam u^ei

•

laiamavl laiamavl .laiauiavl

•

iffiWjfkwatME]^: fiwilqjtyTififilviy

•

qftvmiEjqimaftiwu

•

^vfjjitmnihuu'Y

iteSQfl A^.lica uaian

^ui^iy^jTJil-Ivi-ian jnniwftbjfntfen ^nnsftviiju Claremont McKenna College uas Claremont Graduate University Ufunwauw

itflSvlafiUEJ ^i£jfisuu,u,^sn?»i9uauwuviU'3Tja>3?<miJU walflimTWA Wall Street Journal Student Achievement Award fninifTmjifrmen

ifimiirMlwrnifrnifaivniaiilEJ (ADB) uatuuifmlan (World

Bank) sawKuil)UY)i<3vn?ni34|1,U9ii>3iJj5KmftLii<3 uQsnmjuiiEJEijrfiuin&irM lias i?EJUViu>j^amavn?-i£jvl(?iS3JviiJi9uvium'5^nw-iiia'3L^nEJins)u tJ^^TJuaiffyatiluQa^^u ayiwaunm

A1Wltf1UfM3JW

^fi^lriLiiJui^uvii^nn^^un^NiujJiijrirjn^^ifiiajaLJ nna>3^ii?iliJ6:}fi'3n3>i^i,1a>3Uciii^'3i34^<)iJ^T,ua^3jfili wtamoYiima'i^ nHimwTiA^aaijfiYwnmftoeraii

nn?^aiJ^:irii3Ji.Lfijjw^^B(aa>3rii?viwui^^aanjJia&Ji>3T.?

imuauQiT,^?n3mn<fiaiil®tu3^^ tfwnsnffu «i etaeisru! iei3Jui,3,wanviu>3fi'3i3J,iN&ji£Ji3J9iaufinDi^w'iU3Jjj*4a>3

'uasihsmjrmrifoaj m.lsn iJtyan aftavmifi'n^flitfttiai^faiJ'Ktti

^oSj^Yii^Qwu!J7?«9iK?,uaariuaKiJ7sfliirii'5wn'3ifi?^«i •

</

•

•

uuirtasSiwin vinl,M3JjJ3jav3Muii.e(uawnuYn<iviu>3iai,ei3Juiilu^v3^ laJa'RSjaoihaj

viuj^aia«ui9umwmEJi3J^sai£jfjiviauifi9iiia'3il'5JjmftlviEJ ttmuuavm inewUifftamm lemmmeurm til Ivruvnrmin w^nTj

wtu *i jjmiaom tuiuunirihifmaam^wamia^ en.len letvni,n TPilmun<ifiQi3JeinL^uat;s34i,vifi'3«iia<iiJ?tmft<?ii<3 ^ luaftaaustawei

^aiJ^Ejoin>3*\ ivifhuuvnnifl&jiftaiiumafta 3mm&H3uita$&mem<i

aLjlugfafinIyiejvilaT.aJ &m<mrim?JEJfi "^^T.viaJ-vi'il.viaJ** ifjavhilriau a<nuu<aa<i aamimlahn^inam^lvia?^ SaYiil vila iuaigj^jyliJfnylurau ueiuinfieieru ^ vunflmurml<?i "isuaimnwtu" l^a>3nn|iulu^>3«n3jT,Yi£Jiilu^LlEJij?ay uai^sgtowa ftt;mau<?iaaunfi<?ia£]n>3viania£j'3Vl3jT,(?i

^myivhl^amimEViufm ?sijaiiufM>3^wniriliJ?tai/ta uasiytfmwi?EJN?faafchVW m^tuiiuauQim^^viau^iatJluiiiu ^Iv^ni^lvi^uaQiiannij^Qi.a^QiT.jJSasl^Ln^^iu ^i<iT,*j<,&qgjl-wl-ji V

t/

?aeimwmfmiSejihuymvi&a a m>3 uiiuau

tuih^ijurm "^mvitmvmilsytyr rinv<£n&n3j^amo nQi>mi4WiUYn>3^a3nAimiji>3?tau vm^aia'aun^iSuiviEJuan

la'jjvuwYirjrroflmuji uuuauQiU£]ajjT,3jl^myuia,34U'?n^tin^(?iT<?iy a£j^9iaiua<3£jnunu

YrushunwjjtN la vntm vn<)i5uayi>3§>n™i£3^aiei3m

imnrmrm

YrmwaiuYiifrnwEM V

viu>3^a1.u5aYi-"iuut9uici3jy1 15 &3wmlyuaan^itu«2fo>3i,ien

7 9via>3i,n§£JUt3nn<nuy1sui?n?Tan wawmmminftavifieri'mi^s nUi ma<)^nn£ja(?i^iy^a>3viu>3^aii^aiii,ei3J<?i'V3nu3Jnn

u#w34^1,m^^utvidlueh<)itesmfl u<?ifni3Jwnwuniima<i

lYiaaUiaAe^ 5i'a<iTJi3JfiQ"i3J?nuaiifni3JviQ>3tlynaiiviQiium'5iJim? Yl^^3m<luBu^fl^<^TanlaatlvIw3Jllllv1u^>3fl3JVle^^nvla^tJ muilmaljau u'iuau£nti6H>3Yiil,wwj4§ja>3L,wutSa^vln£j^«iiu warwmmmvi/nwYiwaj 3ja<iiv1u^iaBiiiEjT,vifiuvlvi&j^<iT.u'3il«2)a>3nn?iJ'3?EjnfJiin>3 imfiQi84<?n3J vivhvivwfteW34wiho ua tm?i^ auvmoiairu 3ja<3^inLwviu>3Viu>3iad34U^iuaviinQi>3§4inm?i!ii,?w^iin

m^oaulyfl^wunmTna-awuttEJTrc 13.000 9 ueinan^a<)l?mu,fiii

3Jin ma^^)ini.ntj'iniini'3yin>3iunia>3?|iiiauiT9iEJ vi.9i.vi. vinwu ftn/fan luviannvifnyonau ni?fiauliJ^Q9iJuini'jT,uali'?iS^<?i§J<iviJjn&ji,v1a %iEjfinwi]^^^uuataunfi<?iiia'3ilia<ilvi£j1,vti(?iu^3>3,?iu w^viQ>3Qii.uavii^a>3Viu>3^a^KlvtfiQn34n'3tiviiv3luijn>3L?a<i9ia

^ulvl^Y1^^^^3Jvi^^3ly9iaau^^^^a^3^^9lua^wa^^a^^«^Lv1u<?l'^£J

vnnvhu$a4nT?ucfeNflQialimviun?mnd<)lilvi sawaib@hotmail.com

iuavii^a>3viu>3^a^ulviqj^yui^riauv1^t;Sni?ifiaaulvi'3

^a<)iJ?^n^u^nnviainviaiy^iiian?^man^^ulm|ijiaTja<)ui£jn'i wmtu aiaaniua>rainw3nmNa>rc'm"iEjrri vmeifmjjTfaimmi .mns

ua^uuasvmfivnn m^uajnuluQuvl 4-5 nN/nmm 2549 m, anuvj-j^ij?jj?iJvi?>33Ji«iia<iiJ'3^iifu^iu'3U3Jin^inLnai)vin34jj^ia>3

iJ?siviftiv1aauijftuuni?riQntjSnnfiQi3JV]n^auiia>3iJi,wi,Sa<i9ia msinYiamltamswha^vh ai^unlildm'?LiJa£JU?|inei<ija<iwiyn*i vinwtu ivi9ini?fuuu^sm(Riiuvi1al^^tl3J«fiQn§4£iifify<?iann?aiu

auifieiiia^a^lvi&Auvm^aiaNU imismmlaEiUTjinaiias ^Qijfi^aa£iiv3t^yQ^tl3Jviilviauifi^^a>3iSa>3lvi£jiiJayul,LJluuy

a,imyunvnnita3u9h<3 1 SVbJiiJauuliJluniMwmi "Lm^iilu

mTniaiEJ^in^aaw fmijlInfJiiinj^Tw mTHwauvraaViwiurm

^i^^^B?^vi1a^Qi3Jiviaa^ai9ii^slua>3^3j4>3f|ijna^a>3un£jri«i nrfcrcu nnJan&iiasMianai

Wsvidijni7i?ouw»jl«?ijfi'3i3ja^ifj'yi«Ti^innaEJiiu«w'y 3Jin*jiu Twuiftviis^infiwiwovl3Jvi^riLiaa?iiffi(]iviwefm uatsnn vtqj. wnm aadiltnn? nanauflWYinYiiuLiasnaijfttu^iunwajw

Ta wsswh viill^l^iSLJuiviMSaflajwwaanjjislaiowivlmwa'iuanfila V

V

foafrrijjiJTmmifi

5 na/iimrf 2549

a/ _

smuaj i_

fmnsnumww

^nntawiTiEJu uvmistaeim

1. fmajmQwEnmjflQiaaTwIw »<

u •

{J^^ylrln1.vtifi^<fiQi3ji>i"?in<?in<3viiv3ni'5inT^i'5

20

njilu - wvra'i£jrn'5wmnA'iia<3&liM

26

imvia - wwajuiNTCinna-amrh

28

2. emajaastsnanufmajaireaG

32

flQiajeisjefaiEj'uajaitu^mjjitnuatiwiaiui'Si?

36

>nnannn^njji£nq^niu?n

41

£5i]ua3jyT<anniQiiiatfi^i^mQviui«jj>3^aivi^Tia<iUQnu

45

I^nm^m^wiJULmsYiKialw

48.

3. sJMunTaafnVlanHAlf'mmi.AU

54

jJ7omjm?riaflJiJremfUviji

56

tJ^num-jeiTKimKu^fiau

60

fttfmmanffiMvi 3 uasMfiTintoufi^^vi 1

63

amfiQ<5TuniJ3JvnaTUT\ivf>3 7

65

4. asGmai^mnuni^GmiienHfmu.a'ifan

72

5. qinw84«a^a^R'3i3jn'i,3viuinu«'3iS4aiwa^

94

^nnfiauarm 1 {Mfiauanvi 2 •U

96

tl

6. nigasiaa'WW'rhaia tl

104

tl

dimjniwmmfftwyffa

105

aiuiufiu ^luuatni'sinTnfi

108

^u'xaaasj'lutJ^iaiWiEJviu '

112

1

t

7. msaanuwajaTivra

120

m^a'iaituiufisjEjfilanltvi^u^u •'

120

m^wwuirajnTSfhino

122

iSa<3lnEjniJuUjin£j<?ii;mtJU 2 in

124

8. msaaadiwaGiemaTreQaiSiufissaj m^iJuwauajmTwwiui jj^^n^nYia^a^imaaiu

141 •

145

fMfmwihTiJQTMjmrrau

149

Tjjjjwn misjMMiiasri'mm^n

153

9. niTOdaditmnemnufra V

UtlSf-SlJ

140

tl

166

nTOiaftlinaj&fiulYiuvi&fl 2540

167

vrcinEnnrm 2 nunaoviu

172

nirmmimmJrafliniJ

.179

187

qj q

umhgtafl^u <U q

luwMaiemvi 12 nawarfa A@uaneian "muanemfil ftamtw rainndiaLlaurium&Ju 2547 uatmmfiiMYi 6 ^aiflaurm&n£m 2548 W34l1J£JUfi"IU1<?iaUViU>3'il

"uTvwmaizjatJiJwhjl'iim'} "^Tyaj-mlvaj" man'alwnw L/^^WuauiwSuWa^uTQjj vnniSum? "ft(?manflan-vhuan«w«nf"

^aiq^^yiiliTQu1vj^W>3ni?iJnf)?a>3^^?^iJai/L/^^ffL/l(??£i^a>31Ir?£y via>3^inuuw^l^iJ^ini^ie{3jaQiiSaN3liogjwTani^sisei3Je{fii£j iwewIi wniw^^^a'iuvi^^a^ajw^antawviw^viajvji^aS 2546 fa V

V

itesitfmgJN : "vnaus^nnailwu^uin-altia?1 vilalaJnteiun^nniai'i

il?tmftai4wu^una'^aaiymritJuT£JiJi£jau'3il?i^"iutJ3J mcnsj^iiiiri Swuviftjrmsiftwjftai?3Jgtoffrytynuililvinehuaiiaai>3u&aifaeMiwi 9iaU<?lufl 2548

auy1ww«^wflitii»jiiiuaJilloQnuriauni^^wviuj^awa^

ihsmuEisj m

2 9 m?nKi,v1u'3nma<ilvi£jai^rii^i.^ui,,?iie}EjfiLi.vi<i

fni3JiiJaouiiiJa'a^lviiy1uiJ?nSifnawf ifa^vfatvhlvunei^i,iJAyu l<?iun^6??wunjiJ?^iBiJl9iy^>3i^u^u9in§ja^3jni<3tu,iia>3ni?iln^?a>3 «i

ti

•*

t

1=viin^ajnTiamuoi^ai^i^nvii^aQii^uwU'jaal.fin^cuiffiwQia wfi. yifiuu msriiEjaum Iffi (036) 411-150 Vila (036) 617-200

t

o»

uuquu StmvlaiaaibtTamnvma'N^

^

via>3^nnuuml(?i?|iinaau^i^y?m^w?awnijnn?3JviQviun?jiji^>3

nlhli<anaivh<foyfnimQeii,T3 ^^ouai^vnijja^lvialil^fmjj^ii^i

mwrcarmtfiijail vi.ff. 2411 vreaWwifimmjYiui&ma fln ^j 1 ttanh "iiTMTnJ^mfttmviateaa vi.fi.- 2504 Wrow^iam^iuTmnauin lbsinuaaailfoi^ilwjja^Y^

w&asnnihsinuiihjfl$TiJafo freTnitm fiaWuTuinmiintfrnNafl

•Yi.ft. 2459 mwa iJ?«aiJfi^«a«aKaioviRiafifwi<lvirii'5ri«uuiflaj

aifi5iu^uiSau9ia<ia3jarifianfiaiu3gi(?iaa^ lUkrgina "Italvw-vhlvm" uiT<?iej w.ei.n. vfnwu 3u™*y ^imwTuinmriufo^inwfiarih lirwTsihsiyiff u?iw«l«ai«iTO9iaij«ir[i^uWu9iaumi iwisUirn ^ina^aalemnumalsjuasfi^

"•WMlviwiatiJ w.ei.vi. v^nym.il^niftQira^a<jnim3uvtQviui?5iJia^iun<i il w.ft. 2S5Z via>3sinnuumBn^a<)m^tiu^mTitiSav3lyi^^SfiQnj4 Enfraumaaay wulriy^ulvityfiJiSadirai^^il^iaaniiii'lviijTvii? lhswflwaliJanaajavrvMsiuii^il vi.fl. 2552

vrawiniihgwqm^iinau 59 ua:^§tnaaa™?<imainwu w«^flW3i^naiviw«%aifn "la-mamAo" maeiaijAimaWhua<)

"washwzvimmwmmuhii w.fr. 2552 mafihmaaumwMnz

uuim ufouw imfivn-nfrziYiff urmiytpuw^miT.^mimtyu^ wqmrsmaj w.w.n wnSro flwgto ^rj^ufiunfiunilu 111 rajaw nn&m wis w)»a&i§i/In& (Taksinocracy)?"

stataqy!

wawamiwpvi'h (1) Tw^liJfmlviiij«a^nTj«Tiy1^3jmi^in ?s<aimvnnmfiaduihtui]^iMm^^ fmaqn ^^SniwgwuaQQiwu§afiQn§4a^iviy^«^ijviu^iyli&4 uatm^fiwuinufiQiii^ii.flu^^wn^vin^wifeinndn^Qnjja'ii2 u,as (2) ^ulviy^a>3ni?mu^a<)lvi&jvj<59Juivliladi^y>3Su uuflamilYiuihnuVma

eianmaEmiei Liasa^iynuatin>3:,5iii1urj?a34niii,wa>3Vlvi£jfi>3fi'3i3j iflulYiawaTiJluaui^w a/

•

•

o>

asuwrmiflrisiii ssuaawnjlstt iw&a&ufntn»iiiwnm54

qidSuiaa^sja-a^inajwua^l^rajuinTs^sasaTa la^iffaa^tuibwTjina uulvmilwiviftiviiuu ni?Na^inamiaj?;jatmQjjfmNSiflnjanehu

viiw.uwia tfu^wmaifluimNniJuiEjrH vfrmui ivfTisSwineniu luiija<ilviEjMmfluwa,iia>3 ssnai/wmsu iwEHaEroifim vnntSuwana-j

wtlwn^««a^fiulviEJiian*T£JiJiEiii&3giJianau «] ebtj a&]^^3Vl'^n<?n3JLua^3^nn'5ttJl;tn^a^^vl3J^£Jn^3 20 il 100 3 ma ainrmuu m^iLflu<?ia>3^n^na^i^^a^iJ4ii>3Viuiuiu^nmil'5 ma<mn itiiuuwajrmvfami WN^wniairoa^naiTflEjlifw'uaiRiri 2 TjTsinfftJTirjsnaiim^wwSu

2 =vivufta The Progress Paradox: How Life Gets Better While People Feel Worse ^a-j Gregg Eaterbrook Slfojjaijoam-Ht&ifcrii TflavhliJfluflfniNa'flmjj'DU

vna« «i numwnuUivwflu u?iiSariLlwiw^mi^uinwwYi^«i«v|nam^<»)ijjfi'ii3J5ia«ini? imflfldaiaw&foiaNUjtayWivwSa ila-a iaouuuiy« asnuuuasj iiyiyi 41

eis. r.

Isca la?

utusn 4 o»

5

il'szmfiu'sn l^urimiviaT,^>3unvj9iJui6aQiil'5^e(iifi'3i3j^iLf^i au^uiaffaTsmiNTiunivialttWNiN^^ iln ^i>3 a whulvn'sihsiYifiujatl w.fl. 2504 tt<sne(nsj'i?rimt,9u?fsjn%n t

^a^a>3^ni?uvi>3fiQn3J?Q3Jwaua^vj<59JUiift'5W5n^(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) wiflunejajTia^ihtmff niQviuivi1avJ«uuiaiLf^T.^lufl w.fl. 2539 luAmniTwam'infn 35 3 uirii&ann

ilszLYififi 2 T.^iinanlwuliui^un^uiflaQnaajivia'im'ais

fi^viu>3iftiiwri£jte>3ndiil%m^lu^lTyL3usiQu'lviEiJ udviftroinrajlif uTainaimQitarmEjaj ai4wu^uiil?^iJ^tyviitfa?>3ua^aivia<iil'3t;mft

lusjlTLlsjiniiu 1 an4wu^uii?§4lmiT£JiiiEJuu'3il'3^riuEJ3Ji^a3 w.ff. 2459 uaty?sefllfl^^3Ja«asa^y^a^3l^a^^ywu1la>3\ala^lavJfl?>3U'5nlSa3 w.fl. 2499 vifa 40 3vtao^nnv1tl§j1,,fful£Jin£JUU'3uu ma>3T,vi£ji,l3j1,,BuT&JinEJUuQil'3^nu&j§jlu9 w.ft. 2544 a,Evm

vnninuuliJ4ii>3viui 40 Snsjstuil vj.ff. 2584 wjjltadiijjafvanaiu'u irwa ^tmiuuandnm^s^ai&jmnvial^vifafiaitjai'fwuliui vjafvail vj.a. 2584 fiuvi^ftu^nQ^iwi?3jraiQEJvin<3muatma>3a^<iLua^v39i'3 tu Tucks t

niQro*n£jfffiuYia<3 fiuna,jJu^^SnanT,ilf(aii9i;3i^iriiuiy^ia>3w§jlriat^&j<) tl

i

tl

fmawurflvm aEj^^3l?n9l^3JW§JUul^'^^l?^fl>3Vl3J<?la^3'3au^uo^3fluu

mTismfiIuTaSlvi^viilvtvin^vinatii>3Lila£juuiJa>3mijnn inmnGrenq®

i.ff^^jn^'wIani'aaJgilian^'luauiPieiau'tna i^iunqsflQfullmutl QiiTi^ifluamsufiui Isftdifrmiitfl t/

„

w3J9ua3J3J%menEni vj.9i.vi. vfnScu^KL9uuiym^3JU9i1<?ialil wluefejym^aan&amWn lull vj.ft. 2552 via^inuuiuiai^n^Sa

^inm^ilia^vlml&J^mfllQ^

win vi1aaisi^i?>39liuviu>3Uitjn^§4U9il9ialilviinfiuT,vi£Jiaanii<iiian

aufi^t^i^^iJ^9imgi,^a<ii,liatw,5pj43J^f(njun iwiOTKmWU ssawavmrialirtuauiAG uuHa u>#m3safiniTrii<nulhumg(,l!ia$ su, 5uu U(al^Yil|iiiai,tas(aQi,^il^if3Jitasng^il^u^<im?jitSuuian fjaiueil wla fsusimrmni ^dlwaiaaliJaaistwy'wsm ssi/auwmsu wfa iinjfSUiSiiliaiy^Ta/cs/nocracy) SJajfi ibEnaiiwanu 5 ^iu fia

(1) frmuwaflfl ^>3^ulvi^^vtQlilT^fiaEj|m?iii3JU?ijjay6lu viu^iarniri^nqirLfao Facing the Challenge ^awiauTAEJibsirru mrlntmiaovrmn^i fa vmwfnfi Qtyqj?<?iu uasvl3Jvnvwi*Mib:jiYiff at revn lvi^iiia9ia>3aanima>3ni?m^a>3uuQfi^aua>39imiluriiwa>3nqtr

uuEnnimmwnta iwnstairjflifrnlviEj 63 aiummu fMSfljinufrufiu

•vlam/nwia^nqwlaam^einsviu iliaamviiXaaauaQWNa'iiHi^ina ^a>3nii^>3riiv^viaanfiulviylvivia'3LfaQiimQ^^^a>39iuSwfiQi^lvi34

iiasfmn^nan ^vlajwaaniJiiflumM'iaonqi* ueimvi^flulviavia'mfnin &nq»l^iia«Jwit?t'3T#jfna9i'f uuweiluviu^aiamln «i ttmnivWm vtvhistaru lajfivt^fmjj'lvijjuasfnijjaajan mMiaijmfluiviEWfnisjfiA ^

'

a

ft/

*

Hu •ViuMj&ifiU ^^^a^a^niTtaniJilviwiiajivimu

(2). ehuulEJinswa-afjina ttni^a^imjivMa* "avmenaen eisinuij 2 in" Vila ^v1^iaflaijvjwi3vmii*iajnq»<lvi9jiiaj'3i DualTrack Strategy nikftrma^wsinyijl^iirinTsiia'j'jvnwuwti^fTEj m?inEj3ufhiia«ij?m?l,viim9ii^iJ7Kmft iiatinvi 2 Iwurirmmsmi Ivtmlvial&h&jaj'imiu

(3) mrom'mmrmhsiYiff na<mi£im viniku tedlumau

.na<am? "ftom-vhirr ^stoulvitynsnaiSurm "aruai-imnu" ni'nJTUitlaEJu^tuKwajuwIilasayiJuaa 2 ^TuwaT^awlvftamsenfta uasm^w^iinTiwirjinil^a^aouToiJiEJ^snnaiiiJuiJiJvliwi «

ti

eis. la*? ufym

7

(4) GiumsefoimvfajmvTOn'maa-a lumairaa>njsT53mqj cwjuIvijj wiuiuni ^sMvifiQn§jmfinjunvi'in^nn?iivj^a>3i,iii wu ^j

+*

^i

y

(5) Iiiufii'32;wunti,a2?ws)0ln^'3sjsl'3'u>^'3«iia>3ui£jn,i vinwu tujius wuT?ia>3il'5tiviftuatiJfi^a9iuLi,injTia>3^fi3J myiswqlinT534vinam>3

^<iuydn^9iani?u1viniiJ?tmf(uat9iawifln^9iQunynmi du nTjTiSmi*i iiuQnmnffcAuwnirHws m\> "i&m " vfla "maukllima" \,\,az\\i\,\,ui

"ilnnT-QuiiiiT.^" mi {JnjvnrnfAttiQwvlEH yiym^Tvanfawrvnan" n?an2/aaite<aw

ujammjf)ija'imia>3vnnm iajajlYiaJ1ih:n$iEm3J'in wins t

ria&NiTrc 800 ilua-3 u9imamLiiiniiQQ(fjjUnnn'3<iia>33JUii-^uiuuiJ

aiuSil^ffaa^iJja^lviAjmQiay lu<B'3>3i'3aiuiiaiuiluu3Juwyavj&j,iN t

aan^nnuav^ilila£JT.uvinvi1ilEjnnuuau9in'fn9lm uajfruumwro n sasu gwmflaaavignnviaiu iwi»Jip«jflTMtf3fl ImmQiei&nnuvwvmei uwia v

1

1

usmvma^ihuatehefen adnuayijms^tm^iEJuasTanmylilmaj

qflmmiawmasa^vu^aivm wresvMUjarn 13.000 dviwrwajn w

V

I

1

asiwfarauwja t?q 73,000 flwNimn ?

fhwai/lfliiri 3Ju,tr?ji,1w^nilanv1^ua£;i,a£j>3^9i'3i,9uaiviii t

ti

ti

aui9weul849iuTja>3 "nml|plii,nwnnTi3r vktormifiurn'siJQ™ mtitni?|^nilanv1^uaKa9iQ^n>3^Qi3Ji,ilatiuuila>3^i<ilviryT,u ib;n?ifnswfiia<3jjutrEj riaNifiwflunuuiNm^iiJamMiJa^fvMuu'ai •

a<?n viEj^3J^Q<?i^u(?in?^v5in'3^itJuatltjn£jimil<?ii3jq9jnia vnnilweKi

nu^nuiSuvianLLVia^ cu e(muvl4>39iufin^m'5LvntiJanii,asia£j<i^9i'{ m?9ufiujmihm1aunnQ?riaT.vim^ am^-neim 5finw^a>3^34^uuati?3jSn2i,nmsnmiaLJ'5'33jnu. nrswaei aivin^mufiQi3J^a>3ni?iaalvi^3Jifniii>3dQuiiav3^^^uunnai^LfiEjl^ ua^<mianvimi) wyrmuam^au wrw ^nuenutfu oiu^iuwutbjj^u ti •

t

uasv^um^ltaflUQTJvha^lvm «i" 4iuilila1m?in^mfiTuIa£j9ia£jaei •

ti

^nnmfil'wTaSvlT.'HT.uni'ainwi? fiQwaia^tAum^Naeianvn^inmtiajd>3 aVfuatnYaivnsiJanrin "fiuvju" luehuttn «i ^a^Ianl^'ma^rm •u

ti

i

na3jmt,wfiuvjiii,ili4W3J<rni3J "nnviui minawau niwamaTOTslwrnlvi

^w^uv1niQViui5il'?t,?Jiri'5i,vl§Jiiua£Ji>3'3Qv;im uilildfniu^i9ufc9ia>3 t

ti

^yi^v1vli3Jiviinu?Q^vl>3ni?a^^^liluaQ'3viivlvinnulvi3J •rialvfinerfm im^vWmnna'ajmt "aiviaV.' wfiwiriwiiiiij^LwsjuasfliviwTuTaS I

V

I

y

vMaanri •ni?im>3f>3v1uvlvlinuuasvi^iJiniuiLiJK:}ni'5'5n'5m?tJViQi>3 •u

t

nawm^u-Ej minj^unn^una1,vti,n<?i«S3j^ulviqjvj?a34 *] niinTjejcyvn&Ail ^a^mwEJimnaaj ua^^u^ialil^unal-WLnm^uatiin^il^mfi t

t

oi

i^a<ilviym^^u^inni^'3<wni'nia>3QQ<5ajunmi(?i<)na'iQtSaTi'3 soo

ilvuiaQ 9iauuu^fi3jTandQu1,vityatj<lviEJfii,nwi?m'53J lhsivifflyiajjviwj uuuauuasajaVmms^QmSulvi&j. i^m £Sfnm lhsiwiu famtmu i

i

a/

m?m?>3flmiasmTunma<)U9in9n<rainibEmffau §wmaTU3jn3jyin|~iu ^n^in^^3jauu9irinil?iiLila&julwvi3Jita'^divi?iia<>3^jjlvitj Iwtf'Mnsn ti

vimvanm 800 il Ivi&jfin^n'aiu^inilitmffmauiJiuua^inil'atmft vmlna u9iljJifi&ja,jja'antJuatan^fi'5a>3i9unaiuiu^ua'njfiQi34t9ulvi£j <U

tl

»

TanLn^fiQnwiila^ULLila>3fi^lvi^via<ii^a<ilviySaiEjT,<?iTiQ soo il am9u^Q^9ia?tvidi>3^fin^m4ii1niitjfin'5>3?9iuTnauvi?

Gl^.

T.SC3 Ujsyan

t i t

t

fii9iayl^un'^uw£ja'iwi^iJ%^i^^^^u^ua'i3JT3nwa9iLma>3^n'3 t

od

nalfl riatviinAfnmila^uuila>3^tvirytf^ *A%/A

•

A

•

ftV A

t£&

t/

|

C/

ft/

A

I

i

i "

A1

A1-

"nT5ila'39ia9ia'nvinT5aj" 9ia§jiJ4wiiEjnn'nLilaEJVU>tila<ifi'30UQn "nmarm 2" <M

t

tl

tl

ifilavS^miv^^^ny/iiwlvIiii^ilttLviftlu^uni'awa^i nTsHw«lafrnnaLias nm&htnya^ui^ua'i3mnlilyeima>3Vi^

n?siiQuniTuviilmuiJi>3na3ja,3ja'an&j^u^tyviiEjvliJ^nnwQTan mona'aj t/

a

v

nnElv^ma^iSmQamnuu^iasjnuuunSilitmmviwinv^^u ti

iftsmtflvigjUianEl<?ifV3a<) <?ia3Jiillaolvi£Juatanviai£jiiiil?iim^ ti

vj m tn jjvjwui m avmrmviuiluuiniU a^numiihsiYiffaj vnaiui^vn>3

ifftujffa imihtmffihBtfijfmjjriii?^ itfu mivial^uasa^fiTil'f iiwdQu^inijnwna^'luwuiia^fi'jisjyin^uLiasflQiajaiviaj imvi iJwiviffluna'jjviiinwyrmaj «i nwi "ij'jtii.vift^ialuvJoajuT* vffa "ibsmfl t

ti

i

^

mawiwrnr' vinilmviflluvniluavlfni vniJai^mtmiaKviaiyibsmfl t

luvvlikaif&j iQ^^il^mftlviEj^aiJlunam «

t

tu iuuIann^a>3a!Jluitvi'3i<ini?iilaEj,wuila<ifi?>3T,vityanfi^ il^^Ejv1vinlvtLn^ni?iiJagjuuiJa>3l^iLnmfiTuTaEl^^<?iaa^i,aalvt

3Jua'3jav3^a>3^uwEja'i3Ji?ti^ii^<?iilfyviiteEJi-3?Q<?im a^i^riefoeianu uata^'nia'TyfraNaliftnufe ti

<u

ii "ninlQimn^i'^iam" uas "mumri 3" S^lilnQnuuimavjfisj il^S^n^a'ijJi'afilunn'jria^iviavjuBn^sj'iia^ajuii-EJ fmajsnamnu t

t

^riatefamfiluTaSlviA

^wi,?jji,lEjnm'5i,ilaEJuuila>3v1^)Ki,n<?iaauai^uQi "m^|pfmuipfrinrj3j" uat "flauanw a"

10

§fa®3U!

m^IuIaSlvi^^tnal.vii.n^n'jsiiQuni'ji'iiui.^&jQniini? "ilfpfi" lua^9i uufia in>ia'>3fi3J^iiiSai,wi^3Jin4iJui,i,asin>3a<v3fi3j^ta'ujvn£j msinumiusie<^imueialii aEh^ ^i

«/

^a^uija^vmaEhvAvityvia'^ iSja^lviEj^vhaEh^lVluTan^ajfni^ tilaEJUuiJa<iaun^mCi?ni3J^ifi£\jS>3 m?^T3fuuTEJiiiEJuaKQlm?uTwn? ihEmfliia^jina yi.gi.yi. vinwu vvfiws uatnjTmfijpuvlm^n fo^aj nuiiEjnin iguairnntttii vna wmjuisirteia ^eiaoMaNmnmairaa^ QQWunniT5tEJtEJiQ^na'iQU9ialilanviaiEjaii94ii>3viui

wmii>uuavma>Mu<)a*aaani,9u 2 mfifotifvu

mflti?niJ|iurii^tPiTis?w^in^swuim^a^Ianjii£juan ilalhg] ♦ iivm 1 ^wa^iJ^^EJvlviilvtLn^fiQiajmQviuiuatfiQiw

aivia^ elmeifn^i^ilajfl^^ aut9uiiaifi^a>3ni,5iJSQ9linir9i'3m'53Juatfiauanvl 1 9ialiln«3ni'5a'?i>3mfiTuIaElv1rialvti,n(?ini'3i)2^9l a<5ienvin??3juas<n^uanv1 2 ^rhtvW^mQviu'iuat: t

ti

fhammamu^ffifivWauWi uasriai^iwiflil'unij

imvia^eimaflmvm'ii TfwfwwuvauYiuulmjw ivwizsw ffijmnyfazwwui^uYmA/wlflujfcsw'a ♦ uyiyI 2 la^^^^ll1^l^EJVlVl1^,vtll^^3a^3fl§Ja,§4a'a^EJuaiJlJ^<l sfafiajaEftafl ti

03. T,ST3 Uf|}3n

It

♦ uyiyI 3 na'iQ?i>3frlf>Aum?afi<m?siia'Tanwti4

walvityviaQ<i9iaauifi9i^ia>3vinil?siviff ♦ uyiyI 4 naiin>3iI^^EJvlYin1,,Mni'3VJ93JUifiaEJvia>3

T3NYMluibsivifffrJ?<i tm arfravwiui TflEJunmTwamn <iiav3ihsivift1,uvi1ilaiuiml9flui}Q<i 30 ilvluaQjJiQifintvt

ma 2 aa^tlJaVlviEmnajaaasiBa^mraGHUini^sHsgm «•

"UfWTOll GtfYlnaTjtiunei 1

♦ UYIYI 5 Qi^ntvtn"i'rw93Jui,iia>3,lviEJ^iriT,ual9iiJi^u^<i

il^^iJuma^uviiivi9iiI^^EJ«B>3ai^viilvlni?vJ9ajun luauifi9i.9ia>3vi ejv'l^n uatvhT,viii3a<iT,Yi Eja'aa'an ej

uattv1aua'^<)1;vIiv1u'3iiJqjviiiii<iaEJi>3ifa?>33Jiu"iun'au mwhlJWTOh«lYlffTCM VJ.91.V1. vinmu

♦

isrm 6-9 QifiTiKvtilEijvn 4 ehuf>ai9mvi9iifos)EJiia<) fiQi3ja,3ja'aiEJuatm'3Vi9)Juil3Ja,iLf^iTja>3ai>3fi3j^a •

uyiyi 6 ehua^ineiaaaj

•

uyiyi 7.^ium^iuatfi^w^3JviuBnii^?iJ4aw

•

uyiyi 8 ^lufniw^u^najlua^^aj

• uyiyi 9 liTULiui^^uai^q^nTaJj^avSfiulviEJ ^a^YRi^ifiyitvfaQuihsnairaia^ ssuauwmsu ^nnajajajavfiia^ t

miiirffltyvneha

uyis^u" ^ufraa<)tiftiuja<)W ssi/auwmju

12

ftaflSU!

mn 1

UYl I'a UU31nihSQ 0 Pflefta-a

a

as

<fci U f

J)

613.A lff*3 UnJJJI

75

urm 1

flQiafmmimjAQi&aiwffa

i9unanmi 100 9n'auvi^i'3TiJ?9ima'^)tii,awi,'fa§jin>3m<i^aEJBEJi A » it

A

i3Ja vi.ff. 2054 wEjviailafa trivia na^miinaoilamn 300 antauwiu a/

unuuivii<)vifftea>3lviEJuai;i,^uvii<i9ialiln<iaui,v^Ej 9i£iuaannai<iu,at vnikiavBm na>3i1a^a<ifuO<ilvi^^aiviEJijnii«aa<i^iviTit naif) en man (Vasco Da Gama) ^^TiJ?9iina-w^ni1aaa^vi1ilLi,avJ?ri-iuat3gin<)iaLfej

mw™t.1aMEj<3 4ai shu flWkvJalTfiMa (Christopher Columbus) ^L9miQa9iiau9i^uL?aliJn>3a^1niWi3Jiia<iaiiJmii,fa 3' shivhtfu yauviaoliJ 600 9 ^unnvj-wnmi^inauvin^u urieJ^naii

^uwliJarKiaifunufiuluvinvily lu'teu uazEKmavmwamaiiflaajTan a^u&itoiju

a^'ilw&ftvjmwuiuas^^

0

?

?iiamjiEJvianEjaEj^rjnu^ii,aua fiiamjiEJii?njJi^nn?m3jifalu ^m9in9iwtvm<)vmEnmi Ma ^^3Jua-9ja<iLviua^uia«in9ivjwau ^iJi<ivnnviEjim3j^

foaa^awfmnal^ra^

su^uvnnm

^'^IviaYia^iJ^™

^

viinya'aEjlwi3^^EjauClavi6Vja9iaQBvl^u Hwvl^uiilun?mvii]^i^Ejau rmuEjnaanliJtfk { ^ua'jja<iiia>3^1j4i>viuani^a<)^tfa^9iviwau t

76

sta(?l3U!

a EJiv3l?n9n§jfrl^iuQU3jnnfra ^

l3jl^^l>3NQ^1QtvlEJ>3^19lv7umlEJQI,vilUUVI(,fa'h911431^91ifqJUJI aondn^iuau ifiQ^uua^iQ^ijwiwuwnnnifaL^uuu I

I

I

ft/

i)i>3ftuaBiiiEjQi^uv1iainiftauviunQ^viilvtpJ?>33lfiQi34a'i34n?ti

a;>ara^uin9Mui5auYla^EjaEJW^ a'nTWflam^aEJi.fiaimaaGUQan alQuwv1aEjT,ui,ii9i?au3jnviiat;vl?vt3jT,^ ti

•

ti

<u

mTiEannifl?auvhlvunEj^m"iu a£Ji<tan9n34m?ltawiYi3J'iT)a<)fm3j mQviu"ima>39iu^>3 *} vjini ^?wmQMwiin(?),2/umt,2/9)launauaa^?vj

uiKi/wBiuiw'a imt rminwre mtllaataau mil^mwufEjuuatm?!^ lavit aimn^ului,^9i?au^a>3vi1iliaLfEJtiatEjI^ilriau^^u luvnilaimni t

^QisjmQViuinin(?i^ulu^9i?aunam^9iviuiQi,aiiunu laJ^siflufmwiEJu nTymima^u\ifiw&n «3-iu<?hufteiJ vrcafowrrifnffOTf •I

1/

i

•

imemvi eji ejijja?in aimjpun a>3 emaj ifavmvmvimijf>aij

pJu9inuaEJU9i3laiEJUil,viqj «-] lvia&hmhlilaJm?an>n:;iiiiifail?sYnu anefamu^au nn^ail?tYiiui9uTiu^a>3fiQn3jm^viuivii>3linuniT3'33J9i'3

nueaa>33JuirEJL9ua-3^nTKn<im?ifia>3 ^mfauiftammTiEmm^trnu m^iiun'aulua,3Jti,3Juivtvin1auajiEji,vl?9la'T>ua?n a,3ja3JunT,uaT,uaSiJ9t t

ti

t

a'mujuiau^atuihnaci'm uasamumiiviaa^maEuamiuEjNiflu^u I

t.

adn>il?n9n3jm?l1nwi9ia34iwimfnn34m^

m^^uvia>3^in§JuwEjluv1uvi^naii^3j^nu^uL9ua^^nTni>3ni?iiia^ ilEJiifaEJuaT uas^Qn3jniQviunvin>3nitini^?Ln^i)U9in3JiuuL4iiinauvi^K

iLwmusnEjlilaovlTiii ll14flUaBll1EJQ1^l?>3Lai^U^U^9lv^UBaul<?lLVJ?1IiflQ-|3Ja'13J1?n t

lwni?il?s^w|ifi?a>33la^inLviannaiuasaiQBnEJu?<)i,ifuilu1.^nau ^1<iaEJiviannaiiLasaiQB9uL9uLfi1a>3lia^i^vi^QEjl,MeJ?>3Lai<?fus

<as. Isfa usuan

T7

fmvwvmtfau u9i^naBiiiEjluauQ,^flvin?tl\Sn>3/iiivj?isai;T,?pJ?<if>3 t

ari^^iviaiuul^nau

TflEja"7UfhathjiEJvina™>33Jn^^ t

ti

ti

t

9inlil a''3u?iiaBiiiEJvia'3JLVi9ia'§jwaviav5iT,v5iun ffaYiYh imnftfrnMumfwrM t

t

s^nsmaisfliiivmlfla AQimiemfl'i^sTOislmiiaaaajsauGfofluflifl

uu «i uuvi3Jifii<Fm34Qi ^iiTil'39ima'\5JilTi9iLilfa<imiijn'3T,viEJ U911MEJ viaiEjaEJi<)Yhtiflmiv%iYn>334^ itwji^i ^natuiEJUs1fi'3n3ja'3Jtvi9ia'3Jwa^'3UftaaEJ9in§jufilviu srouifJwn?s0na^4wa^i®M0<aau<au

^vina,iQluiiviuiiJ?^vjij?T*^a>33Jui*EJVinifi9iviu-BaiffEjnn'5 11

t

t

t

vii^a>3iJnii,atni?a,ia<9iQLv1a^W9i3JisiumiJVi>3L3laTiQ 13.000 Sviwimn viawnuuiranaswLw^rYmnTaMi^ani^ t

«

ti

IiiTimfi0SuyuaEJi>3imuauQini^mi^?Ll5J^unauluEJnu9i^uaannai^ I^EjfiuluEJnuuu^nilanih'sa'na ^minta'EJiiatnQin^uu^ uaswaaji^n ft/

a

u

'

**

taEJ^uvjuuasunt: lunaiialaEinuffii^uwiilanimuadrantagj^viajue*^ ti

ti

ti

ti

foWi 9ia3JiifiQv1uilja>3sluvi1ilauj?ni?^nilan'?ii'3Tvi0 wucJim thtrwifwi ti

ti

tf

y

vl^wn^ivnnv1nvia<3 §Jua^^ll^a<luas9tuvl^u9ls^uv^?a§Jnll?^nlaEJ^3^,ri^3^^3 ti

viu9i!iunuasai§Ji(llama) Wniluavl1muataaa'i9maEJ ffiivluilia>3i,lEJuf «/

nn?mnsilanuatni?i,aEj>3a'9iQiii^aEJi>3i«Hunuu9iE*j>3'5awa«aa<ini'3^nwi ti

Lv1aEluSunwQni«iiia,iEJvia0fiQi3jfwi^inv1auvi?anfi\4viiini?i,nU'9i? ti

ehEwhi&j

via<i^nn?ni3jm1a>3m'ji,nw9i'3uvj'5m^iEjaanlil m^i9ivjui5 *

t

au^rajiaEJUiiiiii imi ^T,uEjlTiJ9itnu9inT^nilanihQ'E9i waEJlua'jjiiaJui t

ti

ti

ti

u

t

au0a^nilan>3iuas3Js;ifavi?a3jnii^nLaEj>3af ua^nQaEJil9nR)nilan tl

tl

•

tl

1/

9m3Jsi,la(Fig) uauiaEJ^ai 18

£fa®3U!

tl*5

tl

tl

fiQi3ja'n3Ji?nlumii-9i?n??3Juilildni^^'!B3j<&utii^'juviun'i?

d?a,ulilluvl9ii>3 ^ Maua^vmia^nuasaiaV} m^nvhunvhliffiQEjI.vi i,nwi?n'3wa9iaivn?vl^Tn 10 - 100 ivi^aviwvinTja^iJiluTJQvanaii.Latvluvl

tvin «n fm ni^niaEJ>aa9iQviil^aivii?^iw'inmauaiawj tejEjuaslif viawu, divi^nitainlnf<iunliJdm?ivl3JNaNa9iuiiiJvi1fjU4 m?a1vianiivia>3 fmrmlvnnTuifnN^

vianuvia>3aiQ?^ana^unQiwviT^>3viL??aulilT,uvi9ii>3 «•) ^Qn34ai3J^Dluni'5wa9iaivin'3uatni?3lannni,uviiT,'M^nuQu *

v

<

lft^nTBamimni^^ivwwiauiraflm tmat; ^fisjinwi^S^nuiu ^luajin EJa3J^UJJa^^fl3Jvim aoili ua t ana^9n^0 a ejnua tnon?^ ein^tsn ej

3^iJmiuum?waflaivn?T,fe

tani,9u9ia>3viiT,'?lfiuian9iavlil vnnt,inua'3>3vnaifviauwui,9u4iJiv39i'i>3 ^ uasimflu^^TiSuvnvivhww^ #iriffl"muatYivm

ni?3lnaiLviaaLaal,win^nn?^(?ifiwBni?vii^>39ii>3 *] Ivisl ilitavilmvjS^u uu^umTuilila'm'jfiuiNiii.vifiluIaEltviaJ n uatm? ti

•

il^u^mmifEJu lmasmflTuIaE1lvl3Jfjnu1lll^,'ftun^?aTl^3a^'^BrlEJl,l?^3 mtiluehEJ

uan^nn^sT.'waivn'j vjav3v3iulul?u'iuaj;i9ia^iia'ivi^iivini,fiia<j

vuviajuaT ^^aEjvi^w^lvif^mlvIviaviluni^u^anliQEJ uanmua^nn iWh£]fni3ja^qji9umfli^ llJ?n'5^,uaifu,^J^9lauvl^^luLna^JVlna!'^u1la^3Ian akhij^iNa^qAun^rm a">i^Ti3Juatni?aiaimiufi3J3Ji^iua>3a3JEja4fiTi3jTanfi^v11 iSaamanuYiuvi

^Ej^oiiTrnnf>3in^^uvia^^nnni'5il2^a9iaivin'5'33J wavjQ>i^a>3ni?aEJnsjnuaEJiJuaa^niia<9i^Ej>3uilila!ni^aiEJvVuB <o

ti

t

Tja>a'ta?ia9n nh* limwiw§afWiw vfa Qmlmiasllivnei rumEJiiaowvi *"*

u

•

ft/

w

*

aEJniia"9iQi>aEj<ia'i3Ji7fia?i>3fi^Pi3jnul,^i iajamivnnvL0UYi"umfu ti

<u

t

03. Isft utyan

79

vfa>3^uvivl3J3lni'3mw9i?uai;ifaI'5Pi,?fU0uu3Jiriau ^iQvmii4a>39i<?i"bf)

uata349nEjlilieML9u^nuQmnn ifaI'?fi^t9uaT3ijar"ifi^aEJi>3vi,w>3(s>3^l?ol,« T^EjM^l^^lliwa^vlvi'jnL'iJiiJriiaun 1 / 1

Uli

1/

QQ9iJunni™vi9j0v1na,nQ3Jiui?3Jv1nni?qnilanvi^uati,aEJ>3a<9i'3 V

tl

T*zuu{)iiT\wmiiiTtiiiuw^

ifiQv1uma<iluwuuwu^UEJiua3JU§Junvlvin1a'-Eji,vl'59la' tfoCbil flaiEJfl^wi^TOfiNfa Fertile Crescent Vila "iSm$UYifaua0ar i

<u

ti

i9uwi?3JiilaEJum^mufQ9m^

mwn 9ii3j0^EJifu^i9lv<,WBaul,uviaiEja,'3U'?iav3Tan uifoaimn 10.000 iflei wiuliJ ua^^Qi3jat0Qnluni?9l09Sa^aa'n?viilvUanEJfiul343lvi'33JU(?iu w§1avtn'au u9iluilsi^iJU34uyEJiii>3LWiv7uBm0i^fQ9i0QEjni?mii^a'3iJn uaEa'iaVf

mnzazhmilu "^m^umaumit" wajmuwziuaannaiwj &?™wmrxmauft«^ vajtiiuavaiiimmaeii'iJin® ?

. ifa^Ej£v!aiEjam>3ibsnaunu riauauiri9na>3ml^^iT,ua'3JEjIuu

amwEJiriETilaJslvta^Yiflaa^uam^

aTnYJineiaajj

'i9uvia<ivi0aa>39in3J6'5?3g,ifi9iLvlEj>3aEJi>3i,0EjQ wifEn^njyuul^ifiua'ajEjTuu M09uWnv1mjn<)mfl3nYi0aa<iM^^

luw WnuaiAuenu vinnwQnmvjijQii<ii'ia'n3Ji?aiJanvlTnji>3<?JU0Lv1ai,nii mmwawa9iW0EJii>3iatij 9n§jviiTivmiinu0 viMmtvjTwutfauviainviaiEJ ^Q§jwni?^nni3ja0lilnij^9iQvinuwaiia<i3JUL9uaivii^0QEj aivi7iit/!a>3u 20

sta03U!

wviminumsviau^wn wa ma?aiii3j0^a>3mi,fluiJEJi^iiatmaa?aEJ3jnn

u9iviinmvia<iv^^a'a?aEJumTi3jn^^iwaanaui^^a>3ijua>3vta4iJ rreivnt iia^ml§Jai3n^EJaEja'aiEjiifon^aul0i^

a"3JEJu %Kuu^0v1^unaum0n?si^aulilmEj^aatiiuv1mn^uBn?tYtau

BT53JTri9i walsjanviaiEJW0^§jvi<i3j>3fi0ai^0aEJlu^wQnu0QEj um9u9haEJwiEj ^ viviaiEjmifuifiEJihsa'ij aivi?iiv1<HviaiEjm^

ajuwEjmmiimEJQfeinwviTyiua^ili WsviQi^Yifiunaijihuai^jIm? 9inviaul0EJiMi,a£iJ vramainmnfrMatajiri «•) vnlvinuUjviu inwmmiTijfl _

t/

11

i

»/

9iadEJUvi>3 a'fiiuvi^<iw^>3Lviaiuu9invia,mta^^EJ^^i9uLa'3lau,wa<)Lviit tfmiT3wiJTi^a>3mwEjVmYiim^ t •«

t

ti

Tun"mnijiia<3ih NUWEUTiaja^vna^vkyiifaii 1jjqii9vmiui>)

lafnlivflaa^u asuu^vlm^uvjiiT^EJiJJiaqjinan^uisjimntkaEjvil^uu l0'5Um?fl0aiEJVIUS lU'5Kv3VnVlU>3Ua') L0EJm Uj 101910ft t

awu0u "t^yj^wYrfauawaj" Lil^Tania'^a'^teuii'&jfiuviiivl'H t

<u

t

i

t

„

i»

•

i/

#

^ivi3Jiiii,i,riniTui34ii,vjinJanv5i';£ji]^^EJViaiEJil'3tni? Imija^iwnmwMau ti

ti

luEJnuvl3l^liainifiuiiiit3J0i9ia4i?iuEJuf>3l3J?aul3JviuiTmulil S^lu9inaEJn>3^3jfuluq^viuiQLi,a^3lq0?au^au^i>3u^ua<iuaji3lua>3 •

t/

*

i/

i/

.

i

aivl9iEJiRNwivnu a'fiivjwuumaaT,wn^v1ifa34an9i'5iinavifynv1viU9ia t

ti

«

q<?j?au &3fiau#i>3uwu,a<)T,0 v1w3nu^uvt>39nEjlu9iauiJaiEJijav3q<?) • ua:^4Uja0lYlvMamiati9\M

t

i ^

luimflTHtyufawjitu 6.000 vw ft se mm^m\v\v^(\Mii^ Iw) viilwniiinm>3iEj ujwAiwmTuull 32 m<aviinflm9n3Jfi^^9lluEJ'iu "i^En^umaua^aj" ^a£Jlananii"i>3a,'3\i3lriSain"iftuiiiiL3jlii,9ia4t?i,UEJu t

ti

ti

u9iT^3lEJiulvii^v1^9i?^navit^iiiu9in3J6^§j^i9l3jnni,viiEJiu "i^ej^uyi? *s

i

d

aT

a

a

a

,

tf a

a

a

<=»

*) '2/a

auavw i«bu ujmflrai 5 miei iwnavlamuEjjj a uuauasauwm Uw 2 »/

1

1

<2U0 uantviua^nnuu EJiuvi3laimptuiiiii3J^i9ia?i'5i,UEJuau *| EMAaurmEhu "i,SEjQ^uvi4aua^3J" luanviaiEjflfi wru muaviuaEjmi 3l?niwviannviai£j t

03. T,ff3 UIJJ3J1

27

lu0TU9i*K) -«•) uaEjmiwatSaVjviivi^uirimTun^^ lhsrmvi 2 vfaimaEJ'iol.uEJ'iu "i,iEJQ^uvi4aua03J" t«ffu ^iQaia^ia^iQiniamnflmWta^

Hauvi3JuwEjluEJiuuu^s^u^iiQi!ui3JU§jTi,vjntilan vnnwnsnajTKi t

ti

ifuitnmvlmulflmoaj&nn«] uatnin3Jii,niiT,Qnul09iaa09 mwanvronu 9iaa09iaaT,vun0nT59wvdfr^^

«i imilarnff

ti

i

lwn0nn?wi)^v1<if42fU0lviuui3JiminJanT,0 lhsrmyl 3 viwm0iiuT0'EJBT33JTri9lT,UEJiu "i&n^uvrjauawj" t

a,^ulvi^i,9um0v1wa3Jv<uBl0lu9i'3i,a>3 viiteiEJ9ianT5ivntilan CU QUUm^iaQQllwiUQUVlTfvislaEjluffnmi^TIT 200.000 tfU0 ti

«

ani^nviA&YlEHTaJnv^ t

t

uiajiil'jstinA'waivnsiJanlum lufnuuasluM^nf^ luimenvwr t

«

viinilan wawasrm 80% TfltiuTwuna^irmmvlEH 12 m® \mri 4ma"ia

itoTvwi 4m -fminiaEJ irnvha tniviaao mwJft ajuaiilsviao miiYift *»«•«*

1/<|

a

a

<V| t/u

da

a

aasj vnimuatnaQEJ in 12 mimunp^lfl^ufiaa7inufraiia<jfrri?j 9^a>3mT?ja>3Ti>3niEj^invlTfiJan>3iEJLi,aiitlwi3ja0 5 uuei fia imsna imTwfl ti

hi ^iQiniaEMatimYho ^iQa'iauat,?in'3iiiiaEJtn09in34B'5?3J<ifi9iluEJiu

"iStnwYrfau^waj" iminflliwu imTwflmflluYnilaujIm uasrtmvhi in^luvnilLiavrlm v^u^laiwaogtt^tmwni^^thu "i^En^uvrlaua03J" ^T^nYiim^inwi^nautiTuau

llWUHu "t§EJ'3^UVl'5auai03J" T^lftWIsTwWYIjlYfU^WW^lVIJJIB 1

a* •

'

it/

unni?ui3Jiivjntia^oviainviaTEJiJU0ndiiiwu0UEJ"iuauLviiuu &03I

vWa%3i]ivUvi34isunrn?^ t

^oaEJlanm ti

5a%fihvianEj<flU0 u9iivlEJ>iTjJn^0Lviiuuvl3lanwfAi£ivi3jntunni'rui34ii,aejo

il^^EJv1viil^a'9i^iuQU34inui3Jii,aEJoT,§JT,03lviaiEjaEJi>3 i^u anvm awnrmifllj'Ul fm3J0T)EI ?l'313J9lu91'5JiVIUn>31EJUat,Ua<EjT,Um'3 22

§fa03U!

aEJT33jnm9una3jnau lu^mQwa"9iQiJimii0lvi^nuvityii,9uaivii? 148 "sm ft/

I

ft/

y.

_

%,

mejo 14 ^Uv5it,vimuv1fn3JT5£iui3JiLaEj>3lv^i lu^iuTuuEJTU9it;Quaannai>3

ajNinmivlau \umi 14 ifwru 5^0WfiQi3jai^9ia3JuiiEJviav5iT>uil^^iiu T,0un' unt uvit qq vijjuasaji a^QihvUfiuiiTsTnjTmiaoiini; \,mz n,a^3lnui,03JaEJT.U9iinuaanna'V3 T^EJ^vniilmiwuliu "laEj^wnlauavW' v

t

Q,t:uuiJiQv1ui3laN3luEiiuu^3lTania^ndiv1auluni?^uY<ijQia9iQin<i 3EJi>3§1anwtusivijjitLmm?ui3JiiaEj>3 vta^inrnvluiila^miuwKi 1 if

ists

-

o VI , a

VI

,

Gifts

aa a

c/

g ti. d.

,

T

tf

vwinurmtuaE^nvnuivn biviEJo l3mium^nmaEj>3a9nYi3Jib:;lEjm4 ti

<u

ti

CwlviniWl&iriiins iivisiiasft

via>3^nn3Juy£jliiTimil'3ta'iifiQi3ja,iLf^luni?i,vjisiJanuajitaEj<i t

ti

efenuaQ l3jl^vinna3jmivi^uvjiini'3ini^^0QEJ9^Qia>3it,asna'3JviaEJlna «i it

t

ti

1

^Kiannn?0^mu^Q9i<?i'3Ejnn?vin^a>3iJnuaiiaia<9i/lviuvi unajvmEnviEn t

uaKunIii?im^0a"uuii-^iunuQiviQni^iv1^i'3mTiJsi^EJviai£jadi>3fiau <a

feiaanvral^vnovivM niu ^iuQU«ua>3iliaajja<9i'!ilivl3laEJ?aii(?iiu uasj<Fni§j ti

EJinoiEjluniTiJanvi^uatiaEJ>3a<9i'fluEJiu'uu ^a£Jii'5TwiJ?wia>33JuirEJ ti

«

11

t

inauviniwivjumaanm?inti9i? u9iEJ>33lanin>3i,wivjuBv1i,aan^ii,uufQ9i t

t

1

^EJn^Tw^^a^^lJ^uaiJa^a9l'^3^l^^lua^^ll^)^lJUU tflu immwiluYnikavHni t

nrjUninanaolilvjiriilv5!ejvnlilamu-EJvin iwivfuffvnaajvtai^u i t

t

^Qi3j?lvi3Jvifeinfiuamv1aui3jnil^Ejn9ll^ufiu^u'?jav39iu sumuifa&j tl

t

«i

Ym0mQ9jjufiT33jiWl3Ji9uailmTA9iam t

<u

nn?ilanv1^ua^i,aEjv3^9iQaui,9uvlT^^a<ini?ilS?9iini}-9i?n?'J3J aEJiolt^ijjniiuv^^nt^iEJinA^nlfeALfQluvililLaifuiia^EjI?!!

miluvniluav^nnua^QiJaimm ivj^nsiJ^^Ejaifitylumuv^uvliainnff

uu^a miJLaimu^v^JrUtSunu^n^lvitiJ^L^aii^anuluuuiuau 03. lsC3 UOJ3J1 1

<f

23

(Horizontal) wasmlm asuuvlmata^QtuEhuaimtfaiiauutn

9i^uaannan>aa'i3Ji^uilililanuaKLaEj>3l0l,uiuav1nQiv3lwtJ wluiatlEj iiasEjTtitooflaimfflaJrinonu^^ t

t

«

nainanou ^uluwQL/uaWfniua^gL/a^fniuuwmiw'u^u^^w'anu

IriluLiwwh (Vertical) ttiaimffiilaEJU^imauWlua'Quma lilnomm^i q

i

1/

t/

luanehuviuo uan^inuufi'3i3jami,asfiQi34EJiQ^a>3i,'3annai>3QU9in>3nu3Jin

Yhtwvmi,a:;^9nYl3mwEjmisita^ t

«

•«

ani^m^a^^a^Yi1iJ0^naiQl^L%Y^isi>aa<M3a(.iluau,a'3300>am3 a/

a/

4/

uvj3n3Sj'aigi?ja^m3i,nU'03t,Yiiuw swENiihumci lufmuvmmftiEnia*

iH0l,u.TaIimn00i348Jian0'3Ej TftmavnsflwiMi^wifJuimrfuwhlq ^asflQiamQmn^aslfaflaamu-gj

roi^aralumrminw^miri^

lu9inuaannan>3uaslu^uwa9iaivin^T,03Jin3JiEJuatLaalv\a'av3vta>3v1uu

nrwuiluAivwi'w «] n'a,wEJiuau^unaiEji,9ufjUEJiia>3ai'5EJB'n3jTiiriru v^vUrmyiiinuflaEJuaQ wm^v1u^n^^lkl?oluEJTTylVJTls^^39la^3l^na^n'3^ M ists

%A

i

,

ts

a

a

o

a

1/

^s lersufma's Iviaj^nnEjm^K'suaanna^ vja^ai^iviauii'javiaiEj^aEj ti

a^liln^vniliiav^mriauvk^^^

t

mTi^9iauuuwvlv5iiht0iii|^9i'M *) mujiiiawuTuajin nru 0uilu rrswni* rmrniw mwaaajivian niiYiivii>3iiavlElAniJLa'ivIiEJi?auatil34vl^idLVian

lireiwu&uWjasIwilwA/ft

IwIa£iYlnalvTtn(?)ni?L/5^a9)mMn??jjua^^wanv1 2 riQumswiawui fleMfmlw "ifitnmwsauaw uazwaMummzjmunnelifjtJiij ?

1

t

«

iltfrfwyfimttfmTOamTOamNumi "laarfuYilauaaaj"

^^0^s^nuasb#a»a^l0una'^ivjiua^i<a(,i>'30aa»Ji,i>as;0'3i3jvlaJa'^u 24

sfa03U!

^3aEMNUv%uiasarnvjaim^^ lasjoaVf aui9ujiu^aoni?a'?i>3fiQi3jm'3viuislu9iaui,?3J9iu u^TflEj-naj Lien v1vtvij1a'fiiviiii?iiiiJi<ivii-3rjSftna'9i^<i3Jin as:uui,f1a4ium0ui/fi9jlu adi<33'30i,3'3i,<w3isj0'3i34a'ii4i3situm3wi0anvn3 maVl3m'mfi33awn0 w,*30aaajsjn*l^u5n0a'»40aaiJi^3ui,i,3^ a9nitfuiiv^iiatiin;;%3ifiEJi9u 1/

i

O/i

«/

•

i

«/

vj?a'Q??fiiviTi^LaEJ>3>3iijnaiEJL9u^ia'iili^ailaaEJiaEj>39ii3JBT53J^i9l ivms

3JunuvjnaEJi<3^m9lEj,wvi3j0 v1uvi<iwit34in1,uEJiuviunaiEJi9uviiitaviTiEj

flovliyiivluaEJluil^iiu iii>3rjnEJiElsiinriiEJuaniii<3aEJi<3l3JviEJvsiEJau airun^n?lviTjy ^ minln I?3ju --.

Tfty

M

ft/ft/ft/

nJamifEJiiasajaoInaaQuifiEJEjnvivjlil?nriuEJiuuuYKiavu riauinflmTiJfpl} a9ia"ivinmi EJiuuui,9udiuviUv3iia>3aimi^n?aa9iT9i3Jiu^ma>3i^umd °ffQv3fnn34i,iaa4

a,i^3U*lut*la'aluni3vai®Jui^s;lna^i,vj3n£il^^£iYii^ni3t,Cia^ '

ft/

ti

ft/

i

ilaomrieileKhEj «i snnm^i^uila'uaouiEJVjaLfawoivia &3i9umiYifcm

?ni3ja'i3Ji?rivlifiu- fiQisja'it^tuni^i.AuilaT.ili.fajjfiQiaja'jjvjUBnii eroihsiYifl pn9ia9tm^nn^uuiona,3Jviu>3iia>3Vj'3tmn'5>3^u1,UTi<?f'3>3^vi3l<) ti

t

t

i

iviTi^iteiEJ^iuQi^viifiiaTia>3na>3i,1a^uiA3Jvl3JT^>33lani1a^ 28.000 mi 9ia*nvnniimnopCJ~iEJVi&iumtrtiEJYiaihonaoilaETiwaltfnaoilaajvlij'iuat ft/

?ni3jm'3Viui9in>3 «i nnvhaiEj

ft/

uan^nnuusiiuui>3^iEJViaouEjN33lQa'EJvffiu

iwnu ^a>iT^iviufiQi34^ii9u^a>3niT^9iJunm^TuTaEl9iaT,ilvtov1unil?t^ir^ ffiTOmnauTOS^iflfa^ma^^

L<waoi\nn^ui,9uiJ'5t;i,viftslvifyvi3lianmvj uhvwmjmnmuijmMmjuw MHmilwmatiiJwajmmzjmmftmNuuHum 9i^4in3jnij^u pJ?oluEjT?i)9ijiQU9iniiEjnaani,9uviaiEJii'5SLvift t

^walmn0ni?uii>3wnuaEJi>3L<ii3j<?iu 9bamo>3iEJ «•) l&irinTsiliuila'iiao flWtwivla'f Ifiasjiia' ^>3i9uiJiQa9iialAEjnim0U9iwu9iQia>3T.iJk9u

imfJ^ifisfiiasimliJ'Sfliinalunaifnaaji iSanwilEjIil?9ima'i]2ta't5v1^)ji 03. Igf-a usyan

2s

T,vtLlatLatviuLLn\^iLv^avinvin>33J'iLaLfEjT<?iEJLLa,ULlavlilvii<ivi<:i9ii;QU9in t

nnTiJvimmww n anvianEJ^unauvl^tLa'ualfi^nn^avj^L^in^a'Lilu t

i

'

Vnn&lT3tuEjT?Ll91i:?U9inW t

iiatd^iaaEJ'wijianmYj i9ulifl<?m mafeivla? Tfiajjtfa' fiolaMama' i0ui?aliJT>3Yni)afc3J?m ^tuumiLmmnuailvLvmuw^tiYi^n *j

awjr?wn37«ua»f)auanw 2 nitLL^omLLabfiQiajmQviuiuuunlilejniTan i

t

;

*i

anmmflmai:mTma^mi3j^<&3pnm9ulvif^ TOsf5wa9ial,ilfi<)Tan iivwaunfi9i(imvi 3) ajijfii : f^snarmwrnnMrs**/?*

vi^nnajiwiajgwlviEj fclT3iv%u1a9ialil&$i]uilja9 yj.a. 2086 ft'

**

'

'

VI

o

•9iauuuL9uEjfin'auni?il2Q9la9ia'ivin'3'33J vn^iluiias^uifrnviui

vilaaiviaonQinuunluAiuLvifiTuTaEl 9ia3Jiflijuna,mvn'3iikli<ivj£j"iEJ"i3J nhTiinTariianVn^^

wmEjnavirofiYmYtattwQ^

fmajwiiitM

TULL?o«iiu^,u'T,uv1a'0^i!Ju^iiilapJ?oaansiinil?iiLvifll,u9 vi.fl. 2180 ilaovial 1

t

«t

?mjjfiai Ejnufiulvi Eim/la ^J?ovia«3^nniuLLWu0ua'3jiltamEUinEJfu 3jvnrmlu9 n.ft. 2231

waimuliJ 216 9nauvi^^^L0uvii>3liln<itSijviarifi?-3 Wio 216 ft/

.

'

*r-

9uunnTiJS^9la9ia'ivinT534nia>3LliuviunLLiiiiLl3jan^ii pJ^^nnEjlTLlvnnu av^EJv<lii9l>3aimnufi3jluaL3j1m^9ia3Jiil^ni^Lan'3i<siLata'i3Ji'3Ci vlmnnTraranwm*nia-39h La-al.0vf0maajniJimejTtJ ?wruuuiejvjai?a t

1

ai3j1nm9uwuitfa'3Ti 4 a^i4hliltua'iQT9iinEjQlu9 vj.fi. 2396 iwaw^i ti

LinajOTl^iJmilAil^Lvi^^iEjnii^an^ an 2 S^aamjinalviEJ 26

gfo03U!

na>3ui3jT,uet^tyifiii^ma<inqOTa ^avtu iimo lYlaiilflibtiYifftviEjfhTiEj i

V

LLa^09ianiip4?<iaEJn>3niio<ini>34au

ifaTu 4 a^viuiEJVjaLlaaL3J?nuuililvia0a3jaluaiQl9iLnEJiuu

i9ufl^man0ulvun0^0iiJaEJuw^^ &/

•

9iauuu^Qt^i5u^LLEjnnuL9unnL9%iLViai3jnn3JiEj ii9iasnnljYivmiiai; nmlnma>3ija>39hia<i ^aEJviQnvnvmifm(daimyo) lanvhaofmM nmnunu via>3^invj^^L^^mvj^0vi^o3jaiia^ui^luni'3ii1vii'5il'3iJLVifi

tifliiriNaiif^yffim^(Tmu) %3i9uvnviuinnslvifjij?a "fennm" luil vi.fi.

2i46(uYivi 3 Sifaoiminviiiao'wa^if^yffimilu^ u,9inn9m ^ mCivivn?LLatun'5iimLUiEJ0iiivi1a 'wV ^luimnn Whu

L^?i^n^^i^^uT0Ejvi^T,ilaiffEjni'3Lnwi?L9uaifvj wawa9ivianl0iin'Tn L^ulviJ4LLatT,ll,1U1

mTUrin£raa>u1aiiimi0lviT^

9inMwmf4Sijui9uYia0 ^iityijuaiumiuni^miiw^uij^uiinnmSunn iilumdittfizaifimYiftluhmrii ^ walii 9m9Ta>3ia^anrm1vYunWf>Mu 1/

i

V

atviuan 15 99ia3JiriQffliJu^T33J9TQnua^L%^^L^i^nTiN^0i3ja^<iiu ma>nitfEmatnQnEja>u^itf3/ivW5sao^ »/

riimi?iia^tiiijrii?iiii<inui9un7ii9uiviai via^nnuun^eiaja'jjaoiiai:

VJa^3nuaEJ^^3L913JVlLv1asl^9JJU^ll^LVlftlvtviueJ^ ^Q^waium^niTmyTuMQim^IuIaEliSuvfi'Q^'z/itFilw^Qijj flwT?nwuai^aj*/w L^iQ^iJu^sa'n3Ji?riwa9ilvi3JLLatWil0fiuLfiivj i9uia?i ud1amHYilv»jita:Aij^^ LLatilunaaii^aluaEj TAEJiavntluil^Lviftvlalvlliu^inA asuuEJvmeria^l t

nT?wmiTiiaotiJi^«j*u^

Qmia^vniYimuTa^aof^^^ Wtasftmh4nT5elritfi^

03. \$1 Ut^JSJn

27

^i^^Ju^n^i^gisjm^vrun^a^^am^^mLL^^^yHEJ^S^lddi^nii ni3iinu00'3^a^ya0Yi,wn3m«in8j 13

Lua>3^nnt2ijuin0Q0q0ii TmfjyiJuiiniJ^vnv'hym'saanai

ainnufi34iin<iLLa^aQ0q0u^nn9in>3il'5tLviftiJi>3 SuAiYiwaflUfetaviviiw &jjwEAwm?roitaYiffM^ iiuul#ni?a^aani9uvMm(Export Promotion) tt3t9uiiUQm4rifoami t

t

n^Lia"viann^^LLaviu>3^aoil%LViPi0aEJv79wuiT,unia9ia3Ji

nn?wan0ulmn0ni?a9ia'nvin^3J^iL9u0a>3teuviu^m'3i^iin t

t

^lQ^wiaiiru^aL/^T^fj^EjniTa^aa^afy'ivj^^ma^ mi /nm^inumw vl0uej<)3JinLv1auii3uliJl^lun"i'3a'?i<ii1^i^EJLfia<i9iu itfu tmuiiasvhila i

ft/

a!'3umfiLan«ffunnuaEiaEJi<iLu50Liu3Jv)a'0 3jn9i^ma£nn?mKvhul5wa0 ti

t

9iatyiJ,uviaiEja£Jio niu 7^i]ul^9ia>3nL3uviu^infiiEJwan^uL9u/in'5t;

9ia<i^0T,,ST,unai9iajJT «i*a^ijul3itliiJuttuum3U3T^05ia^eJ3^ innsia iaauwumfcwi£0mfn3wi0 nitnuanviT^uJ^^u^inLLasjWiJvsiiivja

fniviilvtuiQtJijuS^u/nviA *5anEJEluiia:;3jflnEJfnYjlunnTm>nua;o uan^^nuun^^lllTj^fllL9ivJaf1Q?S^3Vl^l1^5^umLVlaalvla^^EJl,MLLn, tflQ01OlrmYlflan0'3EJ

InasfnJ miaSmwifrmifQan n^tifmifitfia^lmvranssftj ni3 cfto 4/

a/

10/

Q/C|

J2IB/0

anuaauu,n3<ansn fmsjihsjRfl m38Jwumasw0iarami0i84n£]mttMisiaa

ffaflaadm^afAiuuu^Hwanttf^

so tl

Lmvia^ntjyi|uEl0L9uaimiu^3JL^a9 vi.ft. 2453 aui9uiboYi cyi]uaaniLa'Q<)vinQ9iq0iiLYlauililWunn3VJ93JUia0a'ivin?'53J imviaL?) aa't/iivjviaoTjyijuitvia'ofiTiajTan^^vl 2 iDa9 vi.fi. 2488 diEJwuslta? iiium?Ej0fna>aimviaaani9,w> 2 ebu 9iauivmaaEJlufi'n3J0iia,fla<i ti

28

sta03U!

ti

a*vimvfejEJ9i mfiteEJlufmajALiaTjaoavi^awjImaEJ 3 SriauYtasVi iarmif fiQi3J#0iiEmsvm<ia1Quiviu^

Iw^QloS VJ.fl. 2493 - 2496 9il^19lL4jnLLVl?nLL^vil1,vtfia'>3flT134Wa0nU'3TI I

ft/

wa0nu?iia£JviaiEJ9iaii L^aa'>3fiTi^EJ9li]^EJL,da>39iuvii0LfiTH5fis) mi v\uu I^lvJvliLLatviiLlarinLwnviiaiEJ^iULLviiiljjSatil'SLViaa mnfmlanibsiSu arnvwaoimvial^lajfjS™^^ case" ^>3vi3JiEJfiii^Qi^EJin^u9ialiliLii^^ ti

imvimviuate^iifiawSbua'flih^ U

ft/

•.

ft/

'

^-

LLasi0^ni'5a'uiia'uu^"iniJ'3iJLvifiuuLLViijmau ^ummaavt/nvil«tfilEJ91 1

ft/

•

a'wa'aimSail vj.fi. 2534 cu Qum9uv1miijmiAiaQQimTW9aui

iia^mvimviuaa^viaQTflEjaHwfri ^oaEJLmviaLViuaSnaovivjlviiyl9iLLajiS anBEJViTBilmmviua'ijEJ ^3Jvi>3fiQi^a'iJJi?nlum^a'ti>3ai'3Tm'3LfiaEj40QEJ t

t

*

LL9iuUL9uni^lw?VJEJin?W0Viai0LLa^10ll'3t;^VlB/11VJaEJ.1>3?1EJLL'3N3

vhlwifi^miiaoimvimviuaaE^ LVjntfniJja^aEjnn 9iauuLmviaLviuafo9taoiJinviuiT,il8ijafi'3iJ4auLfiTiirw snnfial ltju imviaWi wihmasa'viwi Viaoa'v3f1?134EJ9lLmVial9tvJEJ1EJ13J9l>3VianV^9iJUlll'3!iLVlflaEJ 8 1) t

*J

riauviuiEJVjailn ^3 a ^EJAa-mi^ t

vnEJviailn ski a iiTwmhsivifiaEJ 18 90QEjfnnwm£iu 10010EJ1 1

ti

t

Liati)?ifl^infiQiwda%aaEJioLLVJirviaiEJ0>3vi^nLn0^ului)?tkvifi^>3l,^

*3tiiiiiwltanT3 L^iQiorinjiu^aom?^9iJunaiLf^viiT,mfiTi^n^iia>3LniVial9i ^EJiEJ9tQ9^09ianminaEJi>3uiafi^T3Ej lvIejo 35 ilvi&miEJVjailn %a a EfoaTun^ inTwal9tl0iihi9ua'NiOTa^ t

t

EJa§J^dlL9uil?KLVlflmQVlU1vt0LVlEJ3JniJpJ^>3LLaiil313'w' Lnnvia\9ll^EJViBfiia'9i4nn?vl9aJui9ii3JLLUQ^a>3^iJuaEJi09iaL,ua<) mwa ni?^>3uiQ9in0ii^inmEJuan3JiLilaEJUL9u^u^fimriivj0v1STifii9iT i t

'

mifiii^asuiaanlitoiEjWiaiWlan fnmi9in9h>nm3'KiEJYmfria9i'f 03. T»Sf3 UQJ34T

29

iiaoimvial^niiijaof^hluM

imviaWi

1,moun^nn9ii>3i)43tivifiLv1am?a>3viu aQUf43iju1,ia3uaa^a<i9mia3 LL9iinnvial9i1,m1unaEJio5il43tltviB/iivi asuvuvlEJOiQai a vifnm*

LniviafeiwT^^9^'3^inanviu34iL9m^nviul0a^iLlsi aTCna'iQlfl'ftimvialtf a'^ilttLvifi^v^iteinnaomri^aoa'ofirisj vihji9uf™^viffaT3ijaEJnv3Eh T0Eja''3ilfi'3n34a3JLViaQLLaijfiQi3jaiLf^<iia>3a'a>3al'3u,iia<iLmvia t

un^^EJndn?siiijfia3jS'3ua'9fl<Bl§Jl0 wasm3vfoiuit^ud33uu£faYhl0 vnnw&asn^mwuiishWt^aulhu HQiisiYfaufmslna lai^a^a 1^naeiYil(,,M»jns^t,i,asi,iluK^0»jYl^u£ia'^

30

§ta0«au!

mTi^mihiii^iiviu^^mviftulm

03. i. ilGf3 UElJ3n

37

unfi 2

>/

i

t

%tuu^l3>3§jnai>3n<3LVi9ini?tjuinEJQniifi3a'T0ivla4 Tfia34iia'L0UL'falilno

Yi1ilai343mlu9 vj.fi. 2035 Tiifiurrn "fTumT(discover) iwifmamj viiL9uLW,uuUiLviritvi1iJaL3J3nian "fmmi" riauumiaiaEJ"KiuaEJ 14.000 9 wviuvi1iJaL3J3niviui0ivUiLviSanpJ3<i vnnifiu^iawl^imiYrosnn. ^T,«2ffii3EJwm<i}a<iLLfiuiii3>3,lilaoaaia'm3 anvianu^a^muTfaTnfiiaifEj ufeananTiQ 2.006 9mi^^nn,utiln<)ilaiEJvi1iJaL3J?nil9i vfjnwniflu ti

!JT3TJlJ?Wa>33JUUEJW4^

Lv1alvt9ii>3^in^nQauL0EJ^>3aEJluvi1ilLaLfEJ6luil^^iJu ti

t

^QVJULfla<)Lvia'iuu0nLuu^9i0QEjni?Lniiiia>3iliLLasa,iet9i'3

jjn^im^a^iQ 5.500 9viwiu3Ji^3^nilanv1ifLLatLama9i'fLaifUL0EjQnii<ifi'3 ti

ti

^jnuaannaionaiTmw Luao^invl'BLLasj^'fl'us'jtjj'in^viuuSfmjj

.viainvianEJuaEjnQiluEJnu9itQuaannan>3LLat1,UL^a<i^,u mviaYmviQni'in

ui^niviitilan^>3WLvlEJ>3,?inQlvj0LLa^u^ (inilEjn potato q'i "mieHo" iviri£^i9uwun9l09h3JiYn>3iaiflEj^ ti

t

ti

lugjTnJ) Liasa9iQvlSanwTA^Lvi3JiJiLLn,n'iTwn3JiLaEj>3^LvlEjv3 3mWifia Vtoo viU9isjLmLLatai§jT (llama) wilai^1ni^ai§JiLvlEj<iaEJi>3L0EJ'3vlL9uet9i'flvitiJ f t /

1/

Lvi^it:Lirini3uiiJiiaEJ4LaiLuaLLa^vja^^ivi3iiii?3Yin^ufii a*9nvnnu£i9h

wi0ivh *\ niiaiiLa^aEJluvi1ilai3J3fiil9iLviiuu 1^1^3^1^13113%^^ viaiEJimfl urn fmEjluvj>3VifyiLLVJ3l(buffalo) T3mn0l,wij(musk ox) 32

sfa03U!

rrrwuwwTwty(caribou) natviwynil(grizzly bear) ueftwfj^flT.vruivtaj'i: nijniiiui^iLaEJ^LaiiuaL9uaivi^LL^ti^av3-3ml,uni^ud-3LLat;a'in1,ri

•fti.nun^vr^'^^y^jl

vhsmji (llama)

if)nu(Buffalo) vmu?JinluvniJauj?ni

muiium\v\v\j(Caribou) rrm 1-3 • wiawi(ilama). nnwumlviw(Caribou) uazmw(Buffalo)

13. \eil UtnJSJI

33

mtjjaWm^iviTjyLvIa^ LL9in9ii^liJ^in^^§j^a^^iQEjT?iJLia^i,aL^Ejma^-3i^urii^vliln^ma 500 ilvkiai mi Iw^a^QaininlEJULia^ltniLa^ljJS^Qril^unii^fiinajLm^iLLa^iva

p4^v^ij^fiw^ui^lviTij^Sa'i'3EJS??3JLilu8ija49iQLa^f1a anamn3au0i (inca) mai3jfml9Tuaj;aifivnlin3W,asri.Yifl(Aztec) luaimmnan 9ia3JTvi'3nnnl>3T3iwaiRi.n?n3«iEn(Maya) MfruauJ3rnnsrw0Q&j wri&ffti

'34iml0a3ja'aiEjmriauYiY<Qnrai^^il^(^9iau9laliJ) LLWU0u^a^i^aufiiSaimiLii9inQi4lvif^n'3iiSa'3vlYiEjviaiiiJLYiT fiiaijfiasjvmvliia^uvianmwiYW vmi&jfnwiuasijftuana'uaEJ'lu t

1

ti

ti

5uufru484ihsiYifHihiu{fasi!fu atQuai?ui^n3iiaa'iYifiSfiuEjaEJvn-3 ti

1

ti

ti

9iauna-OTa^i£jmfTn ^iQaufii^^QiajmQVi'uiUiuaEjn'in'ff^EjI^illuviaiEj t

0iu riiEjluaimiwj9iaunQijlviTjylY^fiiaSnuu9l00,anuT,0Yi'3 luawnrmu ^luiu^nnL^aajiua^^i^lvia'L^iLLau^Haua^^u ^"naufnmrifmfi

nn?a?i-3atv^nuLL^Quau3JUfiv3^QEJL?anrin^)in'lEJB'3?3JaHn9l^uLElEJW uan^inuu^i^au^n^fiQi^mQviuivin^ni^iilvii^nn^Yii^EJiniB^w^^

nfu ni^ani]iLLa^ni^il?LLiJiiTiJmiJul^9ii3jvlvtateiJi ftojanwuiivufn™ •u

^

*>

mQviui^aj^iQau0iy<3iviaailvt0aEJ^un3SJvi4vinQuu nm LNSMirii ti

ti

t

lnunciiiiiuau^frfa "ajift "Rfnr ^il3snaii0QEja^naa1hja\4Ehlviri ti

ti

c

lauai-jrrimfi?Q0iia-ai,ii3J3 ^n/3aufii^fiQlwmiviuiYiT^m3Yiawi vhifrlao fiufluiN'iu.asimawaj ii9im^v)a^fhi9u^mQU^ni9umanilaivi?ii Tnauni Lv^ri^ria^^iL9ua<iviunaiL^a>36iju<BiQaLilu9ia-3ni'33JinYiav5i

34

Sls)03U! tl

1

^^

'"

i^^S^^S^S^fEBl 5i|;S' P^"*

j3&'/&|H

mw 4-s • uif\ vim iijajffoua«>jnJAQwijifaoflajai7yim«auenJ

^Qa*iiluL9u^3Jvl?iimtf^Qaufinvt<iYl«Mvii3uaEjnQim3n!iwaiQB

ivmami enaEhjvmmiiw'ia'wiJaij n ^urimtilsivisnuwa^uvi 16 viqfi^Tniiuu vi.fi. 2075 lufimiem^iiluiibluiJ^im 9iauuuna4YMaiiJu Jhwiwlw 168 fiu lhsnaiifouvwirnu 106 fiuLiasvivn33Ji 62 miffioenaj

Lnnsi,vi^nuaij6atluuat0iiii9uaiiB dounawviaufnjjYivn^m so.ooo fimi9iwaT3BYli0'3EJv1mLatl3J na^ymmiJuaiamnijniWij^nTm^aufii t

t

^vi&raimiinuivli^lwnuiYu^

mal^SuLiEj^ilviLLa^n^^^Ejfi^iasiiuvia^MjvjQnL'iJi UibnuwvBJinau <u

ti

ti

ti

\uihs?lifna'raa^3myEJ nmiiiludiuiliznaijtfifiqjiiaj

Ivitylei LLa^ClfiQi^m^viuirii^^iu^aTJvt9irin^^LLat;fiD'iil9iEjn'3433J nifcna*iilm9unii«nraEJUYh1.v^^^ TCifiu 9in-3S)inaimiufi^^a-3^^an^iuQuviu^^mfiJLananwfu82ja^9itw

m0via<i^in^3J0flnivini3i9uanw.iufiwi,ia'3 tuu^^iiuil^s^nmi^iuQvwjiri

ImaWTn til? iami0a3iiaKTiiaLQEj^LfiEJi9uaitui^n3aufni,iaKiiaf{mfi ti

y«3Vj0finw^a^iJT^ii3T*1.0iiaKfeiwia'Lilui9uriiwiYl 2 ifasTrwruebuu

t.i\,3l

03.

UE1J3J1

35

*s

CL

.a

isA*\ Is

,

ts

l•

a

T

a

%j

wniaEJLiJ3EJiiiwtaTyia'Lih43Ji9MLi0mLU0l0EJiavnt;fiuwTiJT3 asuuvnniin

^m?u^nn^mmuLiatuaEJfiuvl^tSTama'LWilSami^vii>3ni?LSa>3f)QW

£7in^wt9un3waua^m0t/a>jf)Qwu9jnu£/nlu^f)^^da4QUYinlvtn™99Jui

^a>3iJi<)il?tLvif{t,uas9iuawj3ni9ia>3i9uvi§ju ^vl^^nam^^alilluiivivl a 03iaaWai£raa3amiqn33nmM>asimaiuifli3l

aifun^ntjjnmfifiuEjnanoaEJviKi^aufeavJL^nfTn nasfnaiifiaaj «

«

t

lil^vmvk^uiteiYifiiiiatf mwwiai aau0?miatiaa4faQn0a4luil^iJU <U

t

ffi?3JimmQviunmiuT50iaimn^

a£J™l?n9n3jfnttni^EJU^awQNimEwi^

ti

IfnnwviajiEjl^nf^ uaniviua^nnuu*lui]^^iiuvinfiufiQn^vi,Ci<iia t

Tiaomi^nEJiivlEJO 4 la'wivhuu LVj?isvlQviuiiinviviaQ>3fiuviu<i^<iLTiiT,iJ

LWEJLLVJ?'f1ia'U1f1?a'9flu0ULL0143JlEJ1Vl0T,mQanTlT 29 QiviEjQia'nj^iviMa

na^TjagiEjnsjnLwi Lv1a^!iviiaiEJfiii3JL^aLfiEj'3niiwa'n>3LViQ0i,?ia<)Vj'3nLT)i

nn?^L^EJViu<i^aviiT,vtm?f1nwiil3^9l^a>3aimn^n?wiEJiEJinaniinn«iJU ^nnvtanriuvivnT,^ fiQi3jmQvtu^a<3^Q3JiEjnL3§j^nnmaiiT5VJii'3i!iml

tf*s

•

tr

t t

T

as

a

a

«> 3

«j

is

%s

<aaoLiii'3^iniJanimlvi0 mmmwi mm lu9i?snavmvia>3 waw nnum? <u ti ti •

3%uaEJ>jlriwiimmTm^a>3i]iiiasaia*0? iuawnvl0U9n3JviiJi^nluEJiu •u

t

uua034a'§Jii?mviilwni3iJan^iQlvi0l0wawa9ia'<)unlilainn3iitiiEJ9^Q t

V

tl

1

a

tl

Zi

tl

M

"

'

naoil?^,!inn?aEJi4?Q0L?'3 il^^in^iviaiuuvinnuLLwni^iEJlil^nuiiu iimLlausiufi?aii0a3J0aa0wv1uvi ffi^iEJiiimnuilnma^QiajWd t

ti

^a>3?jaa'?^>3iia§jlEj>3riuT0EjauuLiai;l0EJT'9iJUB??jj ii9iat:?|3jnwi?EJ iiatirumt<au,ui>3iia<39iQLa>3 .uawnWwufimnm laJS^-flvitywa'iJjiin ui^iiaEj^ivlalfllunTja'inla ainimEJULiasiii33vin,iia^T,0 m'T^ua^T'if iviEj>3Li?>3fiu fro*Rin0 lunTaTiufMvn iviaim^m^imiiEjnimmaa3tian

1 ^m?iiiJin,s>3L0,uvii>3a>3nul0/inEjlu 3 tu 36

sta03U!

riauYtasaWamitlafTa 1,100 Ij'flw'maj't'zmanmiSemaj fiTaviui Ldua£jfi'3T2n'3?jl3iJ T^muvn^lu^nuvfeitint-^iLas; am(J9iEjnT33j ^iQSJimensmrmawi vbLfila^ufmiwiiiasiin^aan l^bJdiaEjndn^nEjlTLl Yn^iuaTniJ9i&jnT33j ^isjnmvwa^riaaimlvinj «n IqUIIVJU WfU 14 l<f\ aua"T33EJI,iaSvl3K»J0 ViaiEJam^eumtVmW'l^m virnuu via^^nnnnilnfi^3J^EJiJi0-3^iiaEJLilu?a&jil uan^nnvmM vian^iuii^^(?iQi^Q3JiEjnmQViunrii^vjii'3nfiia9i4 SfniajsnajTStiYm fint^fraeniiassj^iiLj

vi3J 1! imiaQ I,

rem 6-7 • mwftwmwmma^wMuluilw'uu'

03

. *lffj US1J3J1

37

as\3Yht,wannn5n3«isna,8ja'a-iij ? m?f1nwiLv1avna'iLVi9i^0iL'uu9ialil aaiitanfliaj tu ouuvia t

a*?ill0fiau™iuuauiia^i^ t

•»

1mija*m?n 0Qi«a'i3Ji?plum3ilani)i'3Tvj0vinlvtiJ3K,,ifin3Lvl3J nuaEJ'i>3T30iT3- iljavifiul n 0i3JviiiL«uianuni4il^luni3viil3,^T.Ivj0 vuj0uai ifiQ^iEJinviiaiEJili9ii3jlviaL<?iia<)^u^uvijj0 ylliuvnjjlviawn I

t

tl

^0i?Qivj3iEijvm-i0uim i.as?nmf£an>3am<nQ0i§io£ta^u9inaj'in n

uan^nnuuniTMiaiEji]iviili^0uv1iannifiLilaEJULLila>3LLat;fi?i§JLLvt<)iLa>3 3ULL3>3TJUL3aEJ *\

lhsri'mi 2tjwm *| iiMunua^a^vl^ ivlaTaa^nu imilriaivirrcfta 10 aua^^?EJLlauLvna'fnuuu^0lvl5y, mi mtata uansiin^>3Lviaiu^svl3j3lwa09ia0'3i3JL9uaEJiia<iil3K,!n<?iuiLa'3 M ti

Iviw3jviu9i L^a>a^inni3ii<ifi'iilfc<i>3i,u«iia>3fiu^iu'3,iuiin wnsimajitui

lajfjifila^vjuii^itfuaaiaau gmanuasl^id^w^uiwT,vity^4fifnairi IawKto finEJ wiuatim Yinam^wajl^iwwuiiijnviiajvrjaifnairi t

0QEjfiu^iwu3Jin uanwua^inuu^^«iyil««ifi?a4l3aYiYii^tuTaviK 3lL%VJ1tLfl1a>3Savlvln0QEJVluiLatl3JLVilU,U I I

I

V

w

u"3s;fn3Yi 3 iNaihwnmmrou m3LLEJ>3^<ivi3viEJin3nuu*ilila1 ti

ni?a^3ii3tviQ,i>335iiaEJ,iimias3uii?>3,B,u ifjaklmia>ai9uiQaiuiu3jnin0m'3 ti

<•»

t

il£P9iu,assnnwi?Ej LVJ3itlua<ifi3J3JiEn nir9i?Ej l03iini?fiuii?iuu^nn

iJ3:^miiupufiQiNfi0Ym9i^^

qafrcawro «i I0 eJuuaoum «i i9maijaum3W0a^f^ivnavi3J0fi'3"i3j ffn0^vii5iia>3nw9i3EJ ^uilildni3ilST'0Liat;nn?^ini^3Ejnii^utauui>3 lhstrmi 413lain0i^uiia>3000,anm9uii?*j9 ihjjTnmt^TWQusjin

a3j0iEJLVint^n0anvn3LLanlT iin<ialQuviinuaviEJVjlilviiv1aEJlvi3J Yhlvmurau il?i^ma0a>3^uaimi^n3a,3Ja'aiEjluvla'0a^u9iauvivmi?aLiJui0uvii>3lil t

38

sta03U!

a-3EJiu«s<iLfiEJL9ua"itu'i^n?34iEJi3Jinau vnnL<?nvjiJL%vnt'?n'.3JiEJi4>3 n?^0n?u^nEjnuaEJvi'.lilL9una,3JLan n ivhuu u

t

i

uansnnaimi^ntaufmiasanmi^niiiaaiYifuia'. ^?>3vjij

^iQv1uL3la>3aEJnuL9uvi3JLVia,ivtv3LanLLatlvid^intviuaa'0l9i^a>3vnilaimm pj3v3LaiiiutT,0vi3>i0LVJ3is3lai'oBiviuan/.iil3^nn?viu>3 iiaEaniltsmtviils t

^Slfal?flTlEJ^091QVlll0'.EJ mi l^VT3^1^>3^Qv1l^a>3l§J3l^Sf^3JnU3JinaU i}iziwflim4miiwiwmm<i\uYn\}awim™ hmiumnmi^inaii^a^^L^uar) riauvlaitun^ni^taajaaiEj */

»j

vi^n?m30aufnLia.^n3VJT3m^

^aulllvla^EJ^ll9n,au^l?<lUEJ3Ja'3^^3in^v^EJU9l3LnEJ^nlln^3i|?lJ i . i / a /

if

?^Qi>3^?>3ai^3riunii^i'.v1uL3la<)0<iL03j Vila "am0Ejmi0<r nuasvinfiiM I

I

1/

tf

I

> y

vl3lni?9iaanu^?<)^!iL9u^nEJCinLLaii4ffi/«v1uL3la>3L9u^iEJW0 wvIpJ^IiIllejo •u

u

l

is

I

_

V

'

v1viiJJivnfiu4ba>3L<tn ^nvluLalaorinnanvnQniJiLuau luiboviao «i ui?3J§1

/iivjEJU9i?^ivjQn34a>3ifiiv1uL3la>30<iL03jdiliriJiLnau vnntfluwYiaiunii qj •

4J

trm4inllayi4naivinau uuatvtaua>3fi'9i3JL^l^i4iia>3pJ?<iiii<)na3j'iini3 ehmuffQ00™uuQLi?r/ifm£/3JooUiM^ t

.wiwimaiui^aWayflaWflajwQm t

«

ivjT).^Qilai3J3Yniviua5aYnvi?f^ *L/

I

l£«

I

I

M ft/^

t/

A1

LLata"<ifi3JLniLLnviaEJ0a34il,0a<ivimuu ti t

viu>iluii330ia'>3fi3Jv1a3J'a'aiEjluLLwu0u^>39ia3JinaiEJL9uil?iiLVifi i

ft/

i

a'vi3|aL343mvl0LLn,a'ofi3j<iia>3^n'. "aivmrwhtAnasazi) Tmiwnufjfmjiu iinuL?auaEJvii<30t;QU9inL%EJ>3teuLLWLLa>3^a>3a'vi3Vi iiasifiEjalfiQnwmQvrui -tl

an

raui0a'i3Ji3na'riO9lnlvif4J ^ lv%i>3ti<] 6 mwvmJ3lLVianLLajnJu^LWU9i 91na'^31lu^0UU^?^^al^3nuLv1^3a'?^^3l0luL^a<lif1^InL31a?aEJnQ^9341ULa^ ti

aEJi<il?n9ii3ja<ifi3jaiuiMl,0a,3ja'a"iijliJTi'a soo Sua? aitwraiasfl'nH s

aatfaiauuflaianusiasaitAnSfVaanan

03.

\$i usyan

39

ni?f1nwn^a>3unIii?imfi0viiJQ,i^nQaiun^ifaviEJVJLiiilil0>3

fiujiuluvtUL^iEJiuumSailtuwifu 13.000 9vkaQ iua^inluvmi*in £0UiiaEunfiau#™0w£j0uW

vma>a9iiiata"ia*9n n^nLuu^^'Ma^imaiuirfLilaEJuliJLSam 4.000 9v1wnujjiviaj^nnvjQnL^ii?Eju?L?a>3ni?ilan^iQTvj04>30auuuma>3 ti

«

LLVJ3vianEjaEJlu0ULi0uwnanyjjii9ui5n?lnluil^^iJU n-mJanimTvj0 •J

t

ti

tenuQwinunlildn™^

fiaEj «i• m^iEjnuaanliJYhNivnnu^^

ti

ti

t

«2M9iaw"i£]§aTi "TnTfT(Chaco) TOamwi^NfrriiM "iin&r aEJMEjjrn 600 Sriauvtasa'aja'aiEj t

«

ivm^a^iiuiQfilumuraiaYiT^

i?fojalil 9Mi!il&Qanuiulum?i0^^^

9iT lu?tvn'i>3via'Ti-30'3i3J3<iL?a<iaEJuu imaiui*2n%Ti>3vi>33siiiiiiail3Kvnu t

ti

vj3a»jniinT3000ul34lvif^j«-] ^uvi§j0 LL9i?siimaiJ3tviiwnaEjl0LvlEj^Qfr3^ ivmsluv1uvk>3S0Qn§jai0mi LifiiiLiatihifi^in^ulij mtaiauilviaii^aj'in lijatvlu^nvmn imaiun«2n^9ia'3a0aiinnL^apJmi,a<i9l09ianui9unan

utuwiuiI Liua,s03n8ja0amnuilyal03i84U0ni,i,ani,i,asm3divlutifui,a^ 9iaun'au^03J^ta'^a'anEJifiQaiunrfr<iniia09iiEJiia^iin<ivjQn^iiv1au

mm&vlanmua a'QuvjinvlLViaaviinuavjEJVjaanlil^nnviiiL'MiLLatiiEjntfiEj t

ts

•

*l

t

1 %s

ns

1

«da

nu liJ0>3vianiLvia<Jviau

lw^uvlYno0tT'u0nL%EJ>3l9iuaoa'vi3j*i ^a^ulvityiivKiiiaj ^mflnvitiaviTiEJuu lu9^^iium^anvianuiia>3inQv1ui^a<i0-3L03JviaiEJLWi aiffsjaEJ mi iwnlail(Hopi) iiasiw"raju(Zuni) m^rmTmrii immihu T»8ia8jg(ai2jtuYliua^i,0ia3riui,wiaiui9n5 lyir.swiMtniv.tq.ft.'m 3au0iu 3$naanu§m30fiaaaan3naaniiu adadiwiamamaslaj ti

ti

ti

00l8JYliaiailiLv1aa'3i>3aua'iQlEjlvifyT0 QB0iLuu§Q9iua^0ULVia,Tu

L9uvia'ulsi,iia>3TfnQaLmnuluEjfii]^^iJU34iniiu iianji^mhlillMu 40

gfa03U!

LLUQ0iLuulQ9isuao0ULa<i0TEj aEj™l?n9n34n?tiia?9mu£jmau0iu imm

^3mi9iiiasiiiiiivjaivlEj^a>3,rn "am0EJuu.0r

iinaifuiw'suimMd'szmfittUQi

fiulviEjaWlvi^fi>ni?a>3ivi9mn?m^ L^3^3LL0<i^uta'>3fin34nan>3L3la<iL3la9 vi.fi. 2518

mishapiwivWuu t

Tvi0TiEJia'3lamii34iYi-3il3tLVifinai£jL9,w, "vi>3atLaoLaa0" 0>3v1pJ3ounT,ilai>3Lv1a

a'?wnYJEJU9rfi?a<) i0aEfiaa<i vla0(The Killing Field) Li9imlviEja!7ulviqj f1>lT^?L3a>3ni?^iai>3LW1V^Ulfluil?!iLVIfl3QU0ns2l>3Ln0,llUL3la9 VJ.fl. 2537 ti

t

ivjris?nu0naEJvlnai1>3vi1ilLLavBm Lvi0m3m0?>3uuIvi07iEjT^uaEjnQiluL,?i'34? ti

t

LLat9ia§JiL9uLL?>30al^lvtpJ3>3unlila'3n<)i9iuiivj£ju9i?L3a>3laL^a -nu0i

(Hotel Rwanda) uansnnuw fiulviEjm0aiu^nQLnEJ?niinn?^ian>3LWiv1,ui3 lu?QU0naTC?MEj>3mi^i0^^ •j

t

t

2 na'aj Li9ium9uLvlEj>3a'iLvi9ii0Ej'.LLa^l3jl4ijaiLvi9iv1u^iu t

.

t

t

«i

^aaEJilt^nrrn 8 amfiueua>3'nu0iir3tnaii0QEj 2 lwivjusIvhij ti

t

•»

I0LLH "a9f(85%) Lias "vj9i^"(i5%) luaftauu 2 LwivjuiJubJalilfyvn •j

t

t

^Un?SVlv3l^l?>3^1QLlJaLElEJ3JL^llllL9uU1EJlia^aaniJ91?lJ3^19lQlwi'. v1uL§1aosiMla1Lwivj,uBL^lil0'.EJ 3^^n^^uupJ?^^E*J'3llnf1?a^3W^ULW'lVlU1IVl9l^ 1

11

iiviufewiumaWivit^iwna9j um9um3vi'jiuL3Ja0Tja>3fni3JLL0n9ii>34iiu lu<MQ>3fl'.13Jft0^av3oHn?QU0nL9u03'3lL?n aEJ^l3n9in3Jf1'.n3Jfl0Uubjl0 Ulllldfnn3JTI0LlE*Jv3YlUv1 tl

3?u0i9ii>3niJiJ?tLvifiluiiavl3ni^iu'.U3JinLvi?ntaEjluvia<3 •j

vhlvtaimfifiaufo>3i§mia:^Tif^

ti

atvluflniJwia'M

03. Isfa UQJaJT

41

uasfjvifiufi a/iiviL^uuuvi'ilvtil?^iTiuwa0aivii3vl0jjin &3i9uitas)Ej Vlite"iu'3uiJ?tinn?Lv1§jiiuaEJi<i?'.0L?T aVnm?ivl3JTia<iil?sflnm2^ MA

\s

ists Adv

dv

,1/

Vlx/A

i

a

a>3iJULjja^i'3?'.u0iT\in'3S3nirivjEJiiiiaviviua^3JijLia^l0Ejnlvi§j «i• qrmm <u ti

ilSibus ^uvlilvt?T'u0nL9uiJ3tLVifiviu^>3Sil?^nn3viuiLiuuv1^0luTan Lua>3^in<inQ?QU0i£l0Lnw9i3n??§ji9uanwvian ^lUTuirKflnm

mvwTOam<m0i3Qa'?i<]0Qumi9ulv^ Lv1ann?LVJit;iJan3Q3>ivt>3v1uvl0n3jlvia\iii^vj>3Via"iy>3iEJLLat^0L3'3 ti

n?suun9ii34v1uv1viinu^a>3LL9iat:0?aiifi™av3Lnw0?n?a0a<iaEJi<i?Q0L?'3

^walmn0fiQiwEjnn^uaEJn>3Ltvj3viaiEj

fiiiwEJin^wan^riiij^a^^aufi^LLa^a^TfuniEjlu^taiifitQ t

fiuviu34a'nQl3\ia'n3jn3aLL9i>3<inuiLasLiEjnfi?aiifi3Ql0L§1an>3LQ'aT rialvtifto t

nn?YisiaiEQiiYinu3j'ineiiu l]f^vl^uuLa^w0^£Jm?LLEj>3v1vl^nulu?liVl^^^3 v1ua<iiijaYl0mviaauaEJwl^a'i3Ji^^

•j

t

I0 3>3lilndiuut^i9lv1ua'3vi3j00Qiwa'i3Ji?nvl^tEluSaL^ifQEJLviaa ^nuiiatnulu'EJi§j^ii9uviilvtLElalEj?^Qi<it^i0^i0a'tiJua<3 q a if 1 1/aaa /nEJiu<B3J,ifufni3JiL0nLLEjnin0iiu?svm>3Lnwi?n?w3Jvi0U34in t

*

niiwJjvlmmaEJiiati^JyYi^ ti

V

lanuaEjlilluEJiaamsm fni3j4i0iiEWasfni3ja0amnvnTviEJ?siiJ0TJU t

.9ufi?>3firn LL9il3Ja<iniiiivj?n3^iEj^unaiEJL9unn?^iai>3Lwimm,Bulu9 VJ.ft. 2537

42

sfa03U!

ep

Lrerarc tj5^ 'm LjiM/tu^ynLi!onctnisnMLMifLyLif«uuMC-QftU(i)5c.u£vuu .rjLLwwjrfLCzUmmuwmG.. •• u-6 Mil/

• •

"'•"••.•..;-•]

«B^;c: ^wn^njflnMLMifLyLfstLurmutynGngiw uS;?f.ur-GumK/?Gur2i(£)ttf.f.LLttfrbwu(!!>i • 8 mllc

jT2 • ' 1 j

ftBF.

<

- •-.w:.

MSa&S-'tf ;

s9

:

n'auin0Lvi9im3ma,ulvi0Ti£jlu9 vi.fi. 2537 tTvumibsaiJiltyvn 2 aEJiovjtaajnuuufia rnQtpJmLa>3^0Liatn0imiLvlLLa^linnlu9iai0Tan

9in9ii miivhia£liiTii9uaWhaanvian 5ituu^ia3?u0iil3ba'iii]f^jviiviuvl 3Ji0?nn??0Ll3J^0iia<)35ijnawiT,ilalni39ia9i'iuiia>3il3t,iJi^u^<ia0aEJin ad

tl

vbTviEj^nmx&luiia>3aEJu,a'3 mwalwdiEJ9i3>34in3JuiliJlmv1a§J>3lvtLn0 i)3tl£j'?fuvn>3m3LSa>3 fi?n3j0<iL03Ej0uu3siC0^m9uni?^iv1unuvhil3iJLvifi «

t

maL0?a>3iiuua>3iJ?siriuiBiJ0asi9£i?3J"iui(Habyarimana) ftaJinfaa"iEJ

a0qn240nvhlvuin.a*EJTn9i wvlv1a^ul3Jl0'3nl0?i9uwaEJLiia>3Via>3 ti ti ti

ti

ti

u

LVi9im?tuuu Li0unni?L3la>3a0vtQ3,WLL?<i%'.EjTanna'EJEj>3lw,iJ?t'?fi<!fu ti ti

if

v

i^aa"iEja0anmim^iwivi9ra ti tj

t

LL^ni?^iv1unuuuL9u^n'3Qn^i'.a9]di^Qvi0^ iwirm^ntti am^asia^riaNivnjQiv^mvlEj^u^^

ti v

ti ti

0QEjnuia30QEJ ^iQa9jvirjnsiid'3ulvityaisiLiii>3T.0i9u 3 nau uufia wvlSvlliujJinm'nwau wvi^il74JvinniJLv1auiiiu?'.3Jvi'3i?a'3ni?4i0LLli>3 ilawYhrm LLatL0nviU3Jvia'3J03L9uvivn3ua<ina,3JYn>3m?LSa<i0i>3 n1 * t is

ilnm&iviaiiMQmnnmmu uan^innr^Tvlunma^Lia'. -ffna^dQulvity 9nEJivmEa0anvn?lu3^n^

n^oWiu^litmwu^iu^&m^^ 3^u0iaai^in0Qi8jyin^wawm0qinu"3stYi^ll0ui,in(,nun3iYi3vigjin3

ssfulK 03i§JW0n0i40m«ilvmlaa^0wtwl&0«!,3uiv1ti^lltaliaU3snau •wfaifafhs wn0Qi846nnWlmw3Hran8Jil3^im^

44

sta0^u!

t^5]ug(^l0nni^ii,i,as0Qn«m3wun^0liivili^^a^u3nu ^vina'Ta^luuvivl 1 ^tonai 265 9?£vm<i vi.fi. 2146 - 2411

W3jam^lum3ij?w3il?ti^

(farju)

«s>3vii>3iULLvi,wvj3tL^i^n3vi330 wa\3^rffim3«zM34'i<\nn9i'3-i;na "I^innm" ti

ti

t

3^viviT3LkaKun0'iii?'.3jnuL9una>3YiviauLLl>3LLn?<i^<)aT3jT?ri

a'EJiiLiasa'<iiif1mtvi'.n>3viQviuinn(Daimyo) 9ho ^ I0 9iauiXui9u«ff'wvi rfliJuil0iJ3tivifiL9ualQulvit^via>3siin!iiila,fJ3<iaanlillu9 vi.fi. 21 so m?il0ibiaYifi3l Navhlviiuiluaivia<3f^lwiuivifiTuTa &J0ovi a/

a,

na'Y.na'. aEJ^li^iwm^flwa^i^rffin^ ti

il?tLvifiaEJ14L00W0ll^^vIej<iwl0ejqLn0wa0luii'i>30iuuanLviua^nnni? tj

?Yiin0Qijja^ii?svm>3nn 9naEJi>3Yi0^ef0T,0u,ri mtuivm^m?

YiTWEjhniihlsj 9iauut3ijul<i3liJnilnfia3JLuaviTja<iil3tLvifiav3 74% •

is

1

1

(9hiaOTa>aijuifmTanimi3Ji]Trn 67%) 0iaja9ma!Quna<iYluvi?5iJu SJia'>3nQ,iil?tLvifia9ia'ivin33^v1>3Viavi0EjnLT'uvluLLau0 ajinnrubsivifi ti

t

vi5ih0>30im'in «i mi aufcmi^EJ 34iiai^Ejiiaa^n%aiaEjan nasro'i 2 LVraa<3ll?SlYlflYm%)lu0^^^

mi LEjaiwu

ftQa'L«zfa?LLau0Liat;fiaa'9n?m m?3ja^ni3fmna^a<itfiQT5i]um9iaumi fianEjm33ja^m?iulnaaiiEJvi&3nn&^ L?a^3^fiaEJL9uv13nuaEJ^^3LLv^3Vla1EJ^^3^Jau^3^l^La,^

vj.fi. 2396

ti

im$i]uuEJ34l#lm9u?a0^™^ avcJiT

is

a

i£Vi

a

i, VI &M »,»,

rnn>33Ji9i>3LL9iliinuLma oruuiaaa^firi3J?tvm<3nn9n>3«] EJ9i in Uj 10311

wam^imuvi ni3ilrifi^ina'>3fiTi3Jviili^Lfl3i^n^LLatil3Ji,Bin?aiiEJiEJ9i'3 atinrwiTJ il3^nn3^a>3ni3vl0wivl3JaiJULv1ailan<?)i?^L9uanvii3vian

9^a<jni3ljJLv1aa'3n<ii)iuLLasLv1ani?vinLfaLVja>3 uVlilaYmEn>3ihu,a£ 9^09Wliftua03™i?^u ftsuurn 100 9via^3^nna'>3fi3i343!ivn'i>3nn£j9l

03. l«ca usyan

45

i]ntonvhaiEJvi3J0EjniQU0iAam

nttvh w^ni,3q3n^nn3^a^im03iwvnau$Yl^si,n05JU^aan,u,Iauiti 4s vrcnmi#000ami^ii9uwaiiu^ T a s

•

mJ1£JUU8JWa03mun3SYfau'^UU t

<wlEJuiEJ3lviainvia"iEj0iu0'oEjnu «TttiwnWiuri mnilaEJunu

fm3Jf!0 T0mi3ftpinurnt^l]ulvRin^^ ." a is ' *f vt>3lu0iuaivi"i3ni?fiuLLajini?a'Ti>3vlaEJanfiEj m^miuv^iz^vmnm is

is

t,mizm$UNuiYii®iiilu®iam<i ?^ifam3EJ9mi?ii^>3wnWiaa'Ti>3 IJTUaUVITMTI Lia!^Tia'1VITI<BW>3Lfl£J^3J1lL9ifl3'JLmriaU0QEJ ll3Sm3Yl 2

lmirim?vtuliliuum?ij?1n^^

uiliMniifWml&iiiJaiYisial^^

^0auuuii>3Vl3JT33JL9ua1'3uviu>3iia>3il?tLYififj5i|u ^ttiiMwnl&Ja-iiJu L9ui^EJLlVIUl]EJVI3Jn^vil0QEjllJVUl ifcSfmYl 3 T,0lLnm?fniJf13J^U'3W t

t

,

«uaoiJ3i^nn30QEj?f9ii<i n mi nrawiMivwh m?fi3jmiu0 mtvhiivu nas *

t

mtila^fvivmn Ci>3walMlu0auuuil3tifin?Tja>3tj3i]uvi<)il3iJLVifi LlYlulaJlVWTIUiaEJ ll3Sm3YI 4 l0LLn'ni3fiuvii?BvinL0ilvtLNnlvi3jaEJn>35

ibsa^wnviajimiu teiuvimiirauiLa^in0niTn^iiiuli!iauluq0viuiQ aEJLvl£j>3LLfiwa>3vi9ta>3ni?lmLviuv1^sviilwiJiuv1<3via>3aijau ii32jm3Yi s l0LLnni30uviiQfa'3i<3ijmvil<?yj,waEja>3 ulEJiiiEJLvianuuLaiaj^QEJulEJijnEJLLajiaji^tniiLnEJQnii 11

t

m?ii?vm$0m3 LLatiJani)iviiil?sLVifiaEJn<iajiLaEJ0LLat9iaL,ua<i

wa'iL^riiim^^Ciaiwn^fi'.ijfiajLuaviiJiTi'. 25% T0Ej0?>3a'Twnalnluni3

iJ?vn?ihlMlu9naEJ-i<) 9ii3J0QEJvi'.viuinnvi<ivi3j0 250 nnuaswih • v

3S01JVI3JlJ1U^<l3lllnaEJlu0Q13431JW0^ail lllVl>3ll?tLVIf1^fin3Q3jlTlu?!iUU ii?vn?^0m3LiiiiJi)3n4nm?a,u3lLan/nvi fctuulu^iu-mihviiJnfiaaj

46

§fo03U!

luavfoa^ibsiYifittJijuaEJ 74% luil^iJuuu^ulviqj^iSuili'iJan'lvijj ^L?3j*auL3lail3t;3Jitu 300 Swima^

fiQi3jaiL?^luni??nwiJiLLataEJnu^<iLLQ0aa3jaE]i>3na34nau <Iia<lf3l|UL9uuTEJinEJ«Ua>3WU1^«33laiU1^L90La'3^ LL9mul3Jl0VI3>nEJfni3>ril uTEJinmnEJQnimi3a<nu3ni*nih^:^

rfi.fq.tfunu raaEJfiivjv1i]?in{)aan3Ji9ii^^a0La3jauQi«fii'3Lnitu'.f5u I

y

!

ft/

&i9ufiuih LVJ3itiJiv3VjQnn3Kvi>3winEj>3Ui£ja3Ju>3 ii9teiQifonu%39Kivian t

LLVia'o aEJuuvia>3 a aW0? ejiIi0>3 0\mfn'i3jrh'avmilum^invmfornt ti

ti

'

H*

'

*•

'

'

vi

*/

'

iJiuuij^Cju fni3J^3\3#aumi9uviil3:^nttmsw^ ,

i

«/

.

LvlwialfiuaiftEjaEJluna^iln^naTaL^aTn 70 9jJTUiao ti

ti

lua'3JEjriau^03Jiia>3«i3i,nisu3nuna,3JuaEJnuiLiJiivi3JiJiu t

ti

ti

vii3jnan-3ilian9i0Tn0snnTa'n/nEJuan34iL9uL'.aiunu ii9il3J3llfi39K)9n it/

-

•

_

i

i9ulvif4]iia:^3smfi^aio0i9ui^ ni3lw3VJEJin3B3334^19l3ail01U^a>3VJQnL1l1^L9uVlU1v1nia>3V13Jll1Uvl^t tl

9i0^ul^ ^3s)viL0uvi'i<3L<?iilill<uauaiia<ivj'anL<i)nfi3>3LL3n «] vnnuiiilanl<\m Lvi3'isaiil3(in'oU'afiu^tesil3i5Via'i0 <i lunTrmni?.nwi3 Ifluiswrrarrn .

V

VI

,

a «|t/

V

£

vmsiiiitfail3SYnuiiat3sinEJUi9n3j lviaim«zu wi3i<i?sinEj,m9nmiu'39i>3

LLVlUVl^tL9uLLU'.UaU0>3VlfJ3>3f10'jlfjn9javl via>3^inf1nwQfi^0«iia>36iii'.u'.nuaEin>3n,av3LLVi &l3^<)iiuUm ^1QUQnWQBll3V113^0nnTlJlLLatVI3VIEJin3aEJ1>3EJ<lSu3J1Tl'a 1.200 llLLaT ^iQUQ^3^nilanv1^vi3jmQEJUivla3nwifiQnjja03ja'3Jii3meiia>30uaEi9iaa0 <u

ti

t

t

ti

ti

if

LQai 3^n^f^ail3tV11ULiatni33tlJ1EJU1LLlll)LVI3J1ta3JnilB333JTfl9i tl

Lias3$nvha'QUihl3JviaiEjm0 l0EJi%vnsa\im0viu<i(Casuarina oligodon) ^3lil3tTEJ8jJua'i3Vj0aej'*u lija'u8ifU0uCiiuanfow^oilm-hlakiiuaivian

(ironwood) Li9iwi>3nEJ ivwiamn'miWumiriaaih^iasYhY^u Tmr.

03. IslQ UQJ3JT •.

Of

47

li)l^Lflui]Ejm3i^lvtwlul9i^L^uua^Lmdnw?in^a^3JwnitLilit;U9i'aL^u

iiu{,®mnmir)V)i^A%&ui]£A$\$\iu miilana^w^ulienNlvia'.Tn s2QEjilav3nu0uvj-3yiai&jl'liadi-30 uaniviua^nnuuin'c'UQn'u&ai^'i'iaQuiJi

l^u^uila^nuLLSja-aSniLwa^nuviQLwan^iSuaiviiivian^u^viu^^a^

vnnL^iandhEj T0£ja3i]m333naamjfi33^i0am-3n@ajnicu> T0£Ji-a,vns: t

ti

.

«

ni3iifvii3^0ni3i]il^rlitvi^n^UQnua£J3a00n-3riii'2Ji'3§jn?jnLi>6is;,2Ji/3 ti

aiuiflifl

TfinuiQ n333juiun'is:ns:ia 10 u'0nuLiluLm^lvinJlu3Jvnei3jniLLil^vln ^iQCtanuvinemf^

adnai^ilT LLat9ivsi6jji0AiinTanfnEJuan3j'iLilui,'oaiumn,au^?-3^i^i^il,iJn^ V

mftmamir\wii3\mmuinhm3mi}u\nizi§\r\ n Nnhlil&^aufri «n Ln^fiQi3Jili^vtiil^Qi^QnL^iL9ufiui]i^aivia^^adluei3JEJvlu 9130TO nunn Liln^LnisaaL9ia'36Z)^ayna'i^3Jvtia3jn'5LLil63vJn nuuwauenTj&jiil ti

1

1

ti

fiu^Ltnt;^invlunau3Jvl3jiiiilviLn0fiQi3Jil3^^iil^Qifiuriuufi-JLfiEJ 2/2/

a;

I

1

a

5a

2/

1/

a

m-ovurmm. ni-if1nw<sia3JivjijQi6iii'aLn"isafiL9ia'33JfiQ"i3jni'0viuin^s}ju'i^

awiitnafn-aa^ivia'nuul^amvaw^ af^vbsota iLemimsameialiilmeifjauw '$^13^13^^13^13^30"

48

gl^0sllJ!

trm 12-13 : aucm-jLivruijMmzamwai'

^J?^9i-3^3Lm^Ti aelL0al(Easter) 9n3^uaifmjv)vnniTn

L0ml3lllO^91^nilQUfl11l?31)QUf1U?VJ5J]3^VJ3«iLEJ^luil fl.fl. 1722(VJ.f1.

2255) Lni^llai3JLVtaEJ3J'UUa^fl'.13J^uls)l,W^3EJl^2v3 LVJT1^3JU3lLU3ri a

aT

av

i

«) 2/

i .

9

2^a_

A

mm 170 enrun lai3J<?n si-aBLRiynjaWiJBiiyisLa Un vnwnimt Inanaei^ •U 1 t

3,000 n§j. LLa^i-3^in^ri1ilaL3j1nil9tli]vii^9i^u9i'nn'ii 5.000 n3J. umm^

3l^iQv1uiij3jl3jnwufimLa^3la9i4a^^Lv1^-33di-3L0mfl3lri l3J3la%flviqj *] lAiulsJii^UiJivilsliwsJiJiu fiuivta'i^mlsJslmD-i^^JULLa^mfiTuTa^j ti

tm&ej L^vjinL^iai3Ji?nmi^au^QlEj^iuQu?3^yii0'oEji-LviwuT]ui0 t

3Jvl3Jil0 ui^LLvi^fi^in3i] 10 i3J9mias;wwn^ 75 em fni3JvMUYhlvWiM ti

111-3flUL01Qia-3LVia,1UU^34Ln0^inf1Q13Jai3J11DnJ3-33JUWEJ^1^01Q§-3fl?-3Vl'U^

L0uvii-33JinoLnituuLLa^^?i^3uaiQl^lQnau^^L0uyii^nai]lilIan3ija-39iu t

fni34%-3urlil^^?^fiufiQivnfii9i3ii mif1nm«tf-3cbu3Jin mi

vminvtaYmuvmliJTimfifkia^fni^ ad

m'5te-3^a3iifTai3JLn'iLLris}J3-3Q9in(carbon isotope analysis)

mifiu

fiQivjsfi'aill'lifi'in n QiiiTn^ii3i^a^^iQmisaa'L0a3Uil03Ji^in9ii-30iQ 1

I

u

viin§Ji^invi3JLni»lwYistal00/3EJnukSaTi'3 1.100 Sflwiu^iiia^v^^^in 1/

v,

Lmstvia,iuu3Jii.9unaiuimvm«0'3iwvii'3lna 03

.1

-

a,

49

via-3^inaviEJVjliJti-3viuuvjQnL^in^anwviaiuaEJi-33Q0L3'3Lvi3it

Lnisuua03ja'3JiJ3fU0'3EJilil^iviainviaiEJTiu0 uniiata^Quiluvisia t

«

vj?a^v1-3^vl0uamn0^inmninL^ilvJviilv^ilanv1i{l0>3an-3i3J sluisnn^lu «

ti

viail3iJ3JituLLa^aimfiaijau ilt^in^a-aLmsivlwiiun-JvianviSunauvl

efafi^REa'aja'aiEJ iJ^?«yYiYiitwa,«slaiiyl0iJmni3lfYi3V^ain3uuu?ii0 a"«vi0aa«yi-ali«yi>!,3<al0gJi,%vns;iliT,«(iawa0§4 vnnLiiiai<iiJiLvlaLaivl0,w

3Jivlini3Lnw9i3 a,ivi3iJLaEJ-3iJ3^in34-3Lvl3J,?iuaEJi-33'.0L3'3 iias^l&vlalif viiviaEJaiffEJ' vh$u.iaEvhi3a uan.wua^invmvjQni^ilft^iuQmnn ti

luni3^nainaua'iQ?Ej^ui0lvif^^in^Liiilil9l-3luvi9ii-3 «i 0i3Jfn'i349ia-3m3 1/

i

^a-3iiwuwui^-3il3KnaiJ0QEJvTQViuiLLatanua<iiia-3na§>ifiu 12 na'w ti

«

t

viQnwvminamviaiuuii^m^

1

H vhlwTia-alif

iii^iu aivii3Liat0uliIi3Jin,am9m>3i0iJJ9i'3 summvlEJ-aTn 600 dvia-rain

vmQni^iavjEJYjlil0-3vianiivia^^

*1 ^iuvijj0

iJ3ifl^in0ul§^vi^a,ivi3iJviiL3a^0(canoe) vnnnjil3Jai3Ji3ti aanliJvnaivnTKiEiavh<mn&3l0 ^-3iXu3Ji^iJun^aiffEJLniKL9uv1vli3-3Lv1a ia^3jln'«3-3vnnliiiiaEJ-ateiu-mviu-a iSaunl3»jvi§j0vnnluivtion^uviu vhi9uaivn3ia%iiiaEnuaivn3^ivjinii9-33Jinim niu iwannaEjju

aEJi-slintfiajYnni^ilaa'iaJiinilanm^ uilila,fiQi3ja0aEJiniiasfiQi3JLL0niiEjnlua<-303J^<)Lfi0iJuvi-33iivi'.i-3 ti

0UoniEjluna§JL0EjQnmiat3tviQi-3najjvi-3 12 na'u fiQi3JLL9inLLEjnuiliJd t

t

t

ti

ni3iJa2Q0Lv1aTfiuvtiviuiiLasni3div1unu3tviQi-30U9ii-3vi3J vhteiu'm il3s,?nn3a0a-3 n3tuun0iwvjQnL^inS-3l§Ja'i3Ji3fiwa9iaivii3l0aEJi-3

vj3lv1ej-3 ^uluv1^00a-3vtuliJnmua^^wEj0QEjnma>3 L3lapJ3-3L0uvii-3lila-3 Lnitu^-3Sil3^in3LviaaaEJLvlEJ-3iJ3t;§Jiui 3.000 ^uLLaslaJS^ulijlvify Lviaalmv1uLiijLL9i0ui0EJ'a riiwilmb^n^a-Jims^^ ^-3vnnLinfiLfa9i09i'.liJ Liatana'Quviu-a^inmi^iJTnQLmtliJviiviia' SO

gfa)03U!

luibsiYifiiil? mi&3fi3jla^

a0^uu ^iu/oU,,imLmsaeiL0a3a0a-3i,viaaLvlEj>3 111 fvu

diafM vj.fi.

2431 ?aEl0Lnitaa"L0a3L9u^a<)0UVJ3a3jniid<)fiu%alililnfi3a<iLiaiJ9t-3

vianLLVia-3 viite-3fi3J^a-3ifiiLnitaa'i9ia3a^aaiEJLLa^nnauviiEjliJaEJi<i 113113114 ti

vianpuvliliinQii-iQi^iQLnitaa'L^alav^EJVjlilsiinvimnit: ^oaEJvii-iiaanlilvn-avifi^nu^nin 3.000 naj. visJimimjI^aQiIviauL^Ej ti

ti

9i:nuaani%EJol^(Southeast Polynesia) *a-3il3tnaii0/,EJLms 3 ims iwlvi?yua:»JYi3waiT^ vj:fi.

1300 0a3Ji^l3-39l-3?aLni^udivl0fii3U(Pitcairn) tf-^uvlf^naYmarivaii .aEJi-3nii-wi-3iYjrisi9uiniSYinsaia\3am

H.M.S.

Bounty YJiani3JEJtfn0ia0ViulilaEJ Lvt9ini3uluuL9uYl3Jiaija>3amvjEJU03 1

1

•

^

if

fa0-33i-3Qa9in9iivia<iL3a-3 Mutiny on the Bounty I>3fiai3n iniCa uma^o LL9i0auv1vjQnniiai^L3aL0uvii-3lila>3L3la9 vi.fi. 2333 imsuutam TfToVluiHa-iLViaaaEJan ni3f1nwi9iaiJivjii'8iTii'ov1uilia-3l09iiEjliluiuLLa'o 1/ •

ti

is

i

1

1

if

1

^

ni3f1nwiuuv<ii0QEjdi^iQYm^

(Henderson) na3J0iEjlilriauvifJ3-3^tliln>3L«iJufiu imtwiwiiii'.i (Mangareva) iviiuuvlEW'ifoiQYluii^ ffafiajTia-a 3 Lni^a,3ja'aiEJsiina'iLVi9ifiaiEjnunii4ija-3LnitaaL9ia3

ita^EJYlYhlvtoiQYlui3ja<)mini.^0^^

LVJ3iu 2 LnituuaEjl^iEjniifiiTJiEjniiLniiijjiuniLiQi iSkvininit^V ti

^

9iul3jlvity "] vi3J0viilvtl3ja'i3Ji3na'3i-3L3a4u0(canoe) ^-3fn34i3nL0uvn-3 i9uL'3aiviaiEjQulilvnn,wl0 ni3fiinviEj0<K^na-3 Tmimtajiumvm t

StauiviaaaEJih-aiiifoE^ viaiimSufvu dQmni^0fii3u«zf-3i1fiULvlEJ<ivian3aEJ iiasinisiaui0a3lm

IfoulaJa^aEjlaJa'iaril^lU^^

03. Istt UQJaJT

St

lufl^^iJu&^fiuaEJiimnisiauL0a3^ULVjri^unu0i3ยงjin. -dwuuims vl^fiiluwanviaiu^a-snsai^Lla Bounty ivl&j^lma 60 fmaiffejaej

52

ftaflqu!

8/

w

>

â&#x20AC;¢_

. . fl/

l

03

. lett USU3J1

53

imri 3

pJl^niini^§fli^If.ngjfivll<iAi^§Ji,i>^u

^1^138-3^13^3-3133-3^3-3L3la-3^ULLa£aUL0EJl9uil3-3^l>3lsil,MfJ3v3 fmviivii-3JjiLai§£jT0£jvii>3L3auanLviua^inni39l09iafiiiiiEJWiu maftiulvaj

(Silk Road) T0EjlTOiufii3iQiu^-30a-3a14nliEj^ufiiNiufiunai>3luLL0,w 9ii-3 °] vtai£jvia0 lu^-3uuaitui^n3aa0l03Jiu(Ottoman Empire) ^-3s1fiuEjnai>3aEJluil3tivifi03nlu^^^iJUL33JLLwaiui^^inEJiU0nuaan tl

tl

S t

nai-3liln-3Yii-30t;Quaan,?ia-3EjT3il vlil,wni3i0Uvn-34-3EJinaiinnaEJLLaQ t

«

EJintkmt ^iQaa0l03Jiuuijiiafiia''wiaa'ai34i9ua,/3ulvit4J fiia'uiaa'aiaj L9ul3JL9alm34inil^3-3^1T03a'9t3J1L9uLiaiViaiEJfl91Q33m3§4^in iiiQ3ja'a3Jifaa'iEjaivi3iiEjnvivjL^ilyEl0milul0L3la9 vj.fi. 1254 Tma'iilu Itfafnrm 300 9ndi^tEl0il3tLVifiiia-30unaiif1ul0L3la9 vj.fi. 1641

^3-3^iQfi3a9td-3na-3v1vililI^3J9l^iQ3ja'awlu0^uaannai-3viil^Lfi0 a'-303i3Jfiia'u"«-3pJ3-3L3Ejndi "fnia^'XCrusades) av3fi3i3JUuy0i2aaEJuiu t

11

i / t /

nQi3aEj9

m3fWnviK!34iiaifejyji fila'I^LvJa'f Tfi&jiia' liln<ivi1iJaL§J3mi3la9 vj.fi. 2035 cff-30auii3ni™0Qii9uaui0EJ nasvima'Tfi 01 maji aasjilaiEJ Yl1llliavBni3J1tn-3aUL0EJa'3Jf1'313J91-3l^lu9 Vl.fi. 2041 ni3L0UL3aLv1afiuvn

0ULL0U911-3 «] 0^iftu0alitoua-39 vi.fi. 2062 iSanaoila^ao ivJa30im0 iim^anau(Ferdinand Magellan). aani0UVii-3^inTil39iina'lilvn-3 vifi9itQU0n^i4i0uvii-33aiiTandiL3^1unai 3 9ii34ii3gi^aiiaus);j9iiEJ luviaJLmtvlaililua^^ijj LVi0ni3tuuuai^3ja-3'3iL9um3Li^-3Ln0iia-3TanEJ0 ti

54

t

sta03U!

t

l3VJ33JLL0vivi3aIamfii0unfi-3l0 LVJ3i!ivia-3^iniium39l09iaiaai3 3tviQi<)ijfifialu9ii>3^3J^uvtQTanYiil0nQi>3iiQi-3WLiat0^yLQaiaua'ua<) •ni3fiuviuvn<iL0UL3a ivmiiai:0uii0u ivmvii ""'"

imiTJU LL3-3^-3l^l0Llrini3LLa'Q-3VI1fll13J3J>30-30Qtjni3llJ9l-3aiUn<11ULvia0Lia v

•

tl

ni3fniiasni3iia:.-3vnaiTu,iufi3j ni3iiwuSjviaiEj£j9i lu*j9ivm>33<| lllWWnU^mEJaiUl^lvlaiJYn^^^

9ii-3uniEJLi,,a-3tiunuouEJi&iflia'wn3Tia-30ulvtnii-3'?ju

^Q-3LQaiuu^3-3luEjl3ilLLii<inuL9unnL9uLviaiLaniJi-3lvia\iiii-3 •

•

•

"

vi

LLa^9il-33J<ia31-3fni3J3J>3fl<iaEJl-3L034Vl ni3llMmmwllJaflQ1341l0llEJ-3 t

tl

a-3w.viia'-303i3jnuiiaEj034 a'-3fi3i3Jviilwn03|lvi3JLLaa^3!iLvifilvi3JuanLviua lijVin'4 il3tkvifil,wEjT3il0jiQU0nfia eiiilu Tih^intf fcliMifia'iiasa-anqfcr' luTJ'.onaimaij 300 9uiisiinQuviTfia3Jija'L0UL3alila-3vi1ilaL343ni

{io9 vi.fl. 2320 aui9u9vi wu£ Q9i0(James Watt) lhsfittj Lfi1a<i^n3lauiLv1al^lum3a0a'ivin333JiLatau «i aii3<\iiiasii&)in0EJfi

ni3ilS^9ia0a'ivin333Juu tJ3-3viia-3fi3i3jlvi^ '*] nuiinuuufnolaJrnu lu0aUL33J91H,«iia-3m3ll§Q0a0a'1Vin333J Ejl3llEJ-3l3jl0lLli-3aanL9uil3SlVlf1

0-3v1i9uaejluita*oim WQ<iuu0aunai-3^a-3vi1ildQulvifjyaEjl9iaviivia ^a-3aimi^n3aaa'L9i3EJ^-3wan0uaimi^n3aa0T03Jiu^ua,ifiaEjaaminEjT3iJ t

Lnaiivi3M0 a,Quvn-30tQuaan«iia-3Ejl3ilL9uLii0LL0,uiia-33a'L^EJt&-3fi3aiifia3J t

t

0aa0l«jfiJL3Ej^unofl-33Jvna'3JVi3Liil?vln t

ni3LL^-3mnua£Ji-3i^3j™a-3^iEJ3|aaii^ii^auLvl3j«uu0QEj iltyvii /iiEjluiia-3fiia'ui03a04if-3L9ufiia'ui,iia-3pJ3-3Lfiaiivi-3vi340 luimuuftoYii-a Tanniivn>3fiia%nuniEjT33m0^^

v^ulun^ni3Vii-3laniia>3wuivii-3fiia'uiviilvtiJivivia^-3yi<)fiu34a-3Qifiiaui ti

1

is

L33JviEJauEJiu iJiviviaQ-3iviai,uu^-30,a9iiuni3n3iJ,viiLLat;ni39lfi'«i3Jvi3JiEJ

03. T.ST3 Ut^J8J1

55

°iia-3fiia'auiia-3vnnw,ui ni30,a9^iuuilila,ni39Saanu!i-3wti9inviniiasLTi0 tj

ti

ti

uniEjlvijjviaiEJumEJ<zf034<ifaL3Ejn3'.§j ^ mm "libi9iaU9iuvf(Protestant

3lf1Q13JV13J1EjdlWll3^VI'3-3V13aWfl0fl1U) ni39ia|nU01Uf1'o13Jfl0/nEjlu fiia'uima'^umt^iEjaanliJ^-iLiwnliuau^QEJ^una'iQtei &l3-3i0uvn-3

lilii-3lviuvi§jaa'aufli^uin]a>3viaiEJuniEJ^t;lilCi<iuu rtwfi'um'sriamil'aZMttM

^infiuEjnai-3luEjl3iJe-l3-3a,-3L3aaanlilEJ-3vina,QU,aia-3lan &Yi&rw tl

t

V

vjiivhlviYJini^iin0il2fr3EJi^

«•)

•?ia-3lanQQ93Jiililfiua^LiiJii uyiyi 1l^nann-sihoiiaQQiluvililaLajIm pJ¥-a

vjuaitui^lvity «] ^-33lfiQi3jniQviuiLvlEJiiLviiniivjQnL^iviaiEJ0iuaEJ 2 1/

317^,1^30-3Ejnufia aimi^n3awfnua^aimi^n3i.afftv?f). uarmnuu

vjQniiiiy>3VJij^3Jifuan3JinwiEjn3^0n3^iEJtiuaEJ^inLviuaa'0l9T^a^ *

ti

t

Yi1iJ0QEj pJ3-3feiQSLLa^EJviB^Lviuamiiaimt£aimi^n3iLa^34miLvia,iuu t

t.

t

iiaTLil0Tania'lM0uiia-30ulil0<ifiu|iuiiiUL3auiiiiiitii'.3quLTi0 aimiUf13J&l3olviT^j «"] ViaiEJllVW ^J3>3VI1L^UUllLVI31trin1lJaL3J3ni3la3Jvll ainififiaiEJihuiTi0ija-30uluEjT3iJ^^

T30/lEjlmllJ31£JLL3-3an0'3EJ

^3-3na3JVIU-3^<iaVIEJVjlll0-3ilU|1ulvi3jluVl1llaL3J3niLV^ l0LLrivjQnvi3lfi'3i3j00lvi34luYiiNifiia'ui 0una,3Junn,?J3JLVi-3aEJi-3lvi0riEJ ^invt^^liEJ35Lia^w,uifiia'uifi3a'9i vjQni4uis1fni3jfi0ivmaEJi3ii3onaT3'iffa" t

tl

1/

^a-33|nijn^Yii-3fiia%ii9WiEjnn^^^ *f

^

1

_

1

*ai33EJ LLUQ00U3laviBVja9iawYiaEJluaitui,ufi3Jija<ia-3nqii «&>39ia3Ji

3Q3J9nnuil3snifii9uian3Tffiija9 vj.fi. 2319 lu9mmnift3W5fTia9i3 ima-snqwa aefoi a*§1t5(Adam Smith) 3Qimmnufni3Jfi0iia-33EiJiJ

56

elsi0^11!

Lm^n^LiuQ0ai0Lf(3LLasvl3JVjaan3JiL9uviu-3^a^a The Wealth of if

•

Nations ^-3uuni3ilQQ9ia0aivin333Jfiia-3L33jn,a9i'3

uansiinvianiia-3ni3LLEjnnu3sviQi-3fi^^a<)3^nijfi^vii<ifiiauiLLa'0

ibsivifilviajlwianimiijns^ 3Suauil3t<?nBiJl0EJLLijy "a*vi3f"(United States) ^-33l?ai3EjnQi "avi^aiajlnr 9ia3Jia"vi3|ai3J3niw9auil0^ Lmi^n^LLa^V11-3VIV113n)EJ1EJ0UlL0U^infl-334Vlia3JV13LLa91LiaU9ln«iia-3Villi ai3J3miviualitouwft334vna^ n luajvnaijm iiulrvln ^inai'riEjliJt!i-3nmia:^aiJ9ua%3^ via-3^in?ivi3^aL3J3mil3tmfiLan3i^ aijuiufiw9ii>3 n ^a-3&riM'fi3Ej

«1 YiEjaEjn,uil3!imfiLan3i^ina'LiJu Iiheuna' frJ3-3ifia ifanqw 1 / 1

•</

ll3KLVlflLViaiU3llJ3J^nn3L9upJ3<1111-3 L9uanWa"343a^-31<llkl3-3rilJT11Qv1uL3l3<l

0-3L0341J1-3 LLatl9u^U^10am-3P>l3-3^1-3lllvi1-31ULia^ll9^'3llJ<ll1EJL9wVlia

iJi-3 wa^^inl0tan3i5i7SW3|a(,a,3niuasjti,0Ui0itv1«y^ 2 u^siYifliYnuu Y1v^cwu^l0n^3v^u^ldua8Jn'31U,3s^YlPf<t^^.tJI3U, a^uu^siYiefauluYrliJ •

if

i

at§J3nianwa^8Ji^un3^Yjn3uu(0iiv)v1. 4) ^3-3lll9T-37^U51uluVlQllaaa'L03LaEJLVJ31tfl3lainifldQV4VIU-3 <a

ti

^a-3VlQlluUfiaiEJainiflluEjT3llLLasl3J3lT30/iEJriEJLL3-3 tmvmiijaMuu EJ-30iiuu^00QEjni3Lniiiia-3iJiLLata,ia'0Q LiastJolaJslfmsjTinviui

^U3Qwnui9ua^>3fi3jlvit4JviilwiEJ9iani3Lai,?Jusi fo^EJviYhlvfaiQYlui3J3>3

iia-3aaa*1031aEjaiviaVUllHmVUmffaus.sefenviuiala-30-3103Jviwmz 1/1

1

.,

is

1

„

LLnni3,ui3Jiivji!iilanuaiiLaEJ-3Lv1am3Ln»03 i^wlil^lm^iulu tl tl ai

aaa'L03LaEJ9ia3Ji3Q349tQnuL9uil3^Lvifiaa'3sluL03a^n3/ivja>3nqw 2 ihsivififlaaam03iaEJiiasimu,au0 vw 2 il3sivifiaifiEjni3^iEja*ufh

inw03T0EJL%vjit^uLLa^iuaLLntniia-3nqwL9uvtQ^n3^a-3ni3v^9ajui^u

niQViU1vl0LvlEJ3Jrillll3^LVIflluEjT3ll pJ3-3l3jl0lll91-3nU|1UllUimtUQfiU 03. T.SC3 ut^an

57

iYi3i.^uuaEjliu^03am03jly^^

013JLLW1ia-30U9i33Jll0l0Ejl3Jnn^3>303aiJ-3^0^v1naiQn-3ll4UVIv1 2 tl

Yi1iliiavBmai^iiii-3l0i9u 3 fhuHa a*QUYlaEJYn-303mviuaiia-3 Yit;Lavi3iEj«inai3i ^-3il3^iiiua,'3U3JinL9uaivi3ii,uiinafna'uiaa'ai§j

lu^-3Uuaimi^n33a0l03Jiuiln03a-3v1uviLLniim9ua1'3ulvity eJ^-sUi

a'i3Ji3^L4iilild003a>3LLa^0<)oujiui)iuL3aul0 wu0uluLitiuui9uaa'3t an03-3via-3aimi^n3a30T0Wiua'§ja'aiEJLVJ3itvJiEJLLVia'-303i3jIan03>3vi 1

(00au9ialil) stauvi 2 L9uv1uv1vi1-30a,W,l911ia-3VlIiLaVI31EJ,lSiai31«B-33l0Uvll

ainifl3aU^0Liai;T30flEjl,5lllll31EJLl3-3 LlfU NiaiL3EJ 130011130

(Onchocerciasis Vila River Blindness 4-3in0^nnni3n0naoii^a^ua\?h) LLasl30viEJiflm'ua (Dracunculiasis Vila Guinea Worm Disease ^-3L710^inni303JU1vl3lLfal3091/3ViyiM-3EJ1'331Q 60 - 100 l«&U91tfJ913 if

g.

if

fiaiEJia<UTJU34^u^tL^isaan§Jivii-3W'3vitoa-3wiJQEJ) unvluLwa-sluEJiuu laJ^QiwniQmihsrinunii 1/

iiajvmvi

ti

i/

i

dimtasalvlmiasa^iYluiala-s^iUQiuiin ii9imviivi3Ji.mrini3Ui3Ji

lVJ1^anSjlvlEJ-3#1QVh-3 a^UaVflvijy «1 l3JLVI341SLLrim3U13J1LaEJ<ILlijLl9i I

ft/

I

ft/.

tf

I

* *

HU0L0EJQ ^3-3d0v1uv1a,QuuL9uL§1a<i?iuLv1a^ii0ua,<iiiiEJL9uYiia'LLasLv1a

naiiTnEJvi3VJEjin3ir333J«ri0 ii9il3JliJ0-3nujm£iT53 Tmvmiita-sa'iulvify 34il0Lannwia-3^ina'-303i3jTan03ov1 2 afiiiJhrm 10 9 ibsivifiiviaiu t

3jn0naEJluQ-3'3<u,aua-30Qia>iEJin^VL§Ji0aa0 tiixwi 3 L9u0auiJaiEja'0iia-3Vr1iJ<ii-3§1aimfivUi3au^0un w*im1iI

0-37^upuiiiUL3auniQ3LLaK0a3Jiil3^nifiian3i^L9uil3tLvifiiLavJ3nil0 I I

I

if

Is

If

w&l3wwniJn03a-33rRun3^9 vj.fi. 2537 via^inuu^vmiija^i^w

^-3L9uil3Kinn3a1Qulviiy^-33lTama'iln03a-3il3iiLvifi

58

staflSU!

T.uriliJi.ai.f&j ^<iv^iJaimi^n?ua^?sm^S^QncWnnQViui3Jinau naQ 0ULL0uat/.u0^u0na0ii3-3vi1iJ3EJlufi3aij03a<iiia<iaitui^n3a30 l0UiUL9udQulvicy ^3-3^-3ljJa'i3Ji3nEl0l0S)un3^via-3a-30Ti3gTanfi?<ivi 1

a*Quv1 2 03L3L^Ejl91«2f-3v1uv1a,QulvifyaEJluf13aiJ03a<l«iJa-3 %s

' T

a

1/

•

3itui^n3i34na(Mogul vi33 Mughal) 3imi^n3u|jfiuEjnai-33EJlu * . ti ^|

3Ul0Ejlml^llU 3l0Q1WniQVIU1ViaiEJ01ul9JlL3EJn.'31^3<) LL9in'ia-3Ll3J L^33JLVJ31S0Q13JLL0nilEjn/11Ejlu3ULfi0^in^mUWU13J-3Lnil/1imLllll

^0Laa0^ini11QU1^1Ql3^v1aUlllll^lJl3-3lJlL330Q13Jvl>3Lvl3(iia>391'3L3-3 m3a'3i-3.la'TU3ULaa-3aaL(2Ju "rhf 3Jiaia"(Taj Mahal) i9uni3l<ih3u •

1/1.

/iiU'LLaiivi3VJEJin3Liiiiia7^jLila,i^iuQU34vnfiia •UBn^inuuuu^uwui

2-3SJ1VlUt1VlL3-3Lvi3VIQO033>331UT\l LslspJ^llJnOBIUn^nTUU^BEJlua^lVJ tl

3,auLLaLLaiiluv1a'0aneJ3-3El0L9uL3l3-3<i)ul0 pJ3-3ilnmav30uii0uiinmiu t

tl

1

"T

^

'

U

ft/

i

34isiun3^v1-3via-3a-303i3jlan03-3v1 2 via-ssunl^a^tauL^EJslvluvl

liatlJ3t;<Jfin3§Jinvl^0luL3L^Ejl91. QQ9JJUini3ll4,3UL0EJ^-33Jni1wan3KYIll9ia Tan/iiEJuan(003U9i3lil) stowi 3 03LaL^Ej0^ua3nLUEJ-3l9i£jnLQuil3KLvifilviEj efaimnn tl

pJ3<JEl0fl33-33J1^,UVia-3a-30313jTan03-3v1 2 LlfUflU luil3301ll3tlYlfUViaiU ala^fllllmvhimvia'l^^

etauvi 4 l0LL7i0t;^u3anlna*2J-33l^uL9uaimi^n3lviTyLiat

7j2i|u33>3a-33Ji 0-3vlnaT.noluiiviv1 1 qufiniwniiviuimifiliMisiu mzmnj'ZTtiijtfvifij 4win®miHnmuimiviui'iia>3i]'3Z<tinu wu •/

na'3JlJ00aiLa^UU1-3Wa'Ul)a'UUni3l0Ul33,?l3-3U1EJVJaL33 "l^3LVI3" S13-33EJ t

1

1

II

1

tl

^i^0ULL0unQi-3lvi^Liatl0^£jiyaimi^n3033ii0a3Jv1uv1^3>3ifi9iauiT}u 3ja-3TniaEJiiat:mii9i LLasai3Ji3nnauw3Ji3n3iuL«ifuvnn3J3-3Tnal0 LL9i^u ti

t

9nuvnuaYiirwaiia-3^

vmvlYn-30auivma&3on3aitfEjd0lil Lua-s^in^ualNULLWU^unQiolvity

03. T>§f3 USJ3J1

59

iiasalibtmmajinnQivinibs.Yifi iL34^taivia<ipJ3-3via-3^in3iin-3f!viS-3

Li0QQ9^uini3lu^uijn3lwan3svii)0aLvi9ini3rvf[an

diutyijmnttifiQiajL9uaa'3^1ol0iLa!ia'i§Ji3avj9iJuila0i3j1^30

mi i^tm3Q§jn3tii'3uni3iJS^a^^'ivin3334Wilm'i 100 9n0i§j tyi]u iaEJuiiiiiipJ3-3lum3a'3i-3aiiin^n3T0Ejm33n3iu,jn0au i*bu Ej0imvia mis

viaftj^i^viQu) a1'.uviu-3iia<)iniija'iiisauiia^0uii0uliwjtutnaii§4u^i3EJ ti

3Jii9H,aa-30u &walwti00'Qi3j^0iiy-3niipJ3JiJi-3VjQn§4inmi 1 <\iunai£ji9u 34Vn^0313jfo<fiJ<]0Q13Jl9ulvi^l^^

^ovlnanlwuvivl 1 ni3ilgQ9iini^9i3n333j4-39ia3Ji3lwi3EjnQi "fiauanvl 1" in0^ul<uviaiEja1'.uiia>3Tan wvl3^nviim3in»0303ui33j ii3nl3Jl^3<iv]ini9uimra "U .

tl

11

rtftuifniaj^foinvia^

su^uai^naiQlfo'i

pJ^Mtfwa^flauanvi 1ni3il?5Q9iinwi3n3334WiuliJ3T310.000 9riauvi 3JUWEj^sa'3i-3i03a-3^n3l0 i03a-3^n3wan0ulmn0ni3iJ2^9la0a'ivin333J 9ia3Ji3lwij'wiuui§4ni3iJSQ003-3U'3i "fiauanvi 2" i^l3<iluEjT3ilLiatluai§43ni

i9uwil3t0uj00fi,wi03a>3^n3l0L9ua,'.ulvity l<iai^naiQl0Qipj4<ii9u wari-30auanv1 2 «

ti

l03a<l^n3lvl3Jf^nEJ/11Vjlvi3JUWEJlllJlJni'3n3^T00 Yl-3lu01U

Lfi3irjfi^iiaii0ium3vivn3 "Ttmtu" amii03a-3qn3i9uvi'.lsia'iJJi3nwa0 ^<iiia-3ivl3a'U3-30Qi340a<)ni3^a<i§juwEjl0qi'WQU3Jin viainviaiEJiias

aEJl-3T.0lT3 0Q13Ja'13J13nlum3Wa01leMlvi§4 n l9uil3-3Wan0ulvi3JU»EJ a

is

£

' '

'

Lvl3j0'3i3j9iaom3iia-30uiiui9uwi0i3jliJ0'3Ej ^vljjviwEjlajivluQi^i^u^a^ t

!J3'i7i03jiriaunaiEJi9u<iia>3^ii9uL3la3lwwa0l0 nrzviumsumiw 0a.ua^un?syY>jLfoqijuif)li^ 60

§fa®3Ui

1^vimijm^zmN^\mi^WmYimmm^vuam^imh iua-3^inEjl3il §1vi3ViEJin3^in0 pJ3-3^-333niia'i-3vnvi3viEJin334iiJauT3-3-3iuiiatfni3j 0a-3ni33ul3J^in0*il3-30U

ni3ua'/.>3vnvi3viEJin3,wilildm3aii3l3-3iiu 3EJi<il3n0i3jm3ai

iHa-snu^u^a-suimiaT ii0,ni3iJ3ln02-3Lvl3j'uuaEJi-3l34viEj0£j-3 ma<mn 0UVl>3lan3JnEl0ni31l3Trifl1l3-3PJ3-3L9u9iuillll) vltUUni3lw3VJ£Jin3 ^-3lvl3J1lulu3031l3^l3l3ll3K^in31l3-3lan^1UQU3Jini3343l0Q134ni^VlU1 ua^ai3Ji3aii3l/i00i3J^3-3l0 Yi3VJEJin3a!'.u3Jinl03Ji^inwuTanvi33^-3 m0a33J i^mana'lQl^QIfrl^^UVU^ tl

w,wilum3viiaiEJ^in0a334 ti

l3>3>3iuiiJa£juwjiu«a-3ifr3W'jns)ua^ni?0iiuu^Q0^a>3f)u LlludlUMin l3-3-31ulvil1J n 3Jn91>33EJlui,ll0,?f3JiifUl3la>3liaS^1-30U-31U */

I

y

s

l9u^1U'3U3Jin -31ulul3-3<)1Ul9uil3-3^>3l^lv1lfi0m3aVIEJVJ^inifUllVll<?Jld UJ3-3 LU3-3Slin0U-31uluEJ0UVl3Jn3l31Ejl09il ^1UQU3Jin^-3^1l9u9ia-3aEJ nuaEJi-3ii3a0luEJiuvll343la'iBi3millri0Lia^ii3ni3vii-3^-3fi3j ebuvmo tl

UaOllia-slviqj *\ ^-3naiEJl9uiLVia<lL^33jTvi33J Y11<)01Vulhll3-3T3-3-31U iiasuiEJviu3if1yni3wa0Yi3lil32am t

ft/

V ft/

V

'

0Qi3Jii0n9i'i-33tviQi-3ifu^un333jn3iiai;Tiu^uuioviunQi-3i]ui33EJ n

T0EjljJ3lQin'.Qi0'.i3Ji9u3EJ,?i3-3ifumn333jn3^iii04uu arnm^uuvhlvfal tl

Unf^01)1-30U3J3-3LV1U'.13Iilll)0ai0ia3vlfJ3-3l,Bl9u|1UTJ3-3ni31l3V113 a

Z

.

a a

1/

«|

,Jf

a

1, £

ifi3wjn^u,uiinvi3a-3 vnmim;3fi0fiu3KiiiJ Ivmhuuym m3fi0fiuuu uililalni3ia'ua3tiiiJ0a3J3lQua'0L3la9 2391 T0EJfma ajiln^Karl Marx) 11

lias VJ3030 i3-3ina^(Friedrich Engels)

L033<i^n3ivl34f1nEjriivjlviaiQBEjviTtJiJn3Di4a'i3VJ0TiU0 ai^uvl lVlU3ndl^Ejl<MpJ3-3l3TBUliTfU,in9i3ulu?;{'3U9ilv3 «] ^3-3lanl0-31EJ1)U' 3EJl-3l371013Je>l3-3U13T3Blvi3J ^ 34ll^lJ3^V10lJ3IiVn3VJQn^l3-30QEjflUia-3 34inm,il,Bl,wm3aiill3-3<iiu ni3UEJ>3?f-3vi3viEJin3iiasifi'.i3Ji9ulvi74Jviilvt

03. Isca uiyan

61

&l3-3vha'-303i3jnuia-3ii3Ej «i Ejnnulu 2 n3tju uufta lumtuii3n&J3-3 V!EJiEJi3Jwan0ulvt3ifJUi^n3aa0l03Jiu33n^iinEjT3ilua^in0uu0u

v1e«J3-39i3-3m3 lumjuvi 2 via-3^iincSiJua'i3Ji3fiviiaiEjni3wniii00iu flQ13J711'3VIU1V11-330a'1Vin33§J«iJ3-3l!j3-3l0 $l]u#1VnEJ^3>33EJ%3llj0lWEJ

siuviilwin0a'-30Ti3jriii3a'WEJ 7jyijuiaimi^ai^Ejl0lu9 vi.fi. 2448 uasEj0 0uii0uui-3a1'3uvl3a'ifEJiJnfi3a<i3Jii9u«ua-30,w

UViaJi 0Q13J^0llE*l-3vl3ULl3-3liaSin'11-3<U'3l'-3v1a'01ia-3pJ3-3luEjT3ll 1

VI is

^"

^

'

t

t

A

l0llriaOfl3134lanf13-3Yl 1 *2f-3l9um39l3^nU3i;vn,1-3^llEJVJ,UBS033U3l 3-3nqw pJ3-3ifia'iiat3a'i§EJi9uiinu nii3am9i3EJiiasiEja33m riaai

avi^aujImm^Qajnii^iEJi^n u3nsnnni3?Jivlunus)ua3j0iEjliliJ3^3Jitu 17 aiufmna'a ao03i3J03-3U3lwalviryvia'3-3 2 3EJi-3fla (1) in0ni3ilgQ9iiana3J3tiiiini^3Enu3ai§Ejl0EJwuEJ3J3tiiij fiasjijiua'fl uui9u03-3ii3nv1iLUQfl00i343uiiij0a343lQua0anUi34il^

Iuni3ij3vn3ihsmfiviawnani^

3tiiu9iai0ia1 •ni3iii3^ii^il^u3a'i^EJiQ9jJU0,3liJL9mvi9ini3tulviqj luaui00(00au9i3lil) (2) simi^maatflwuTuaaja'aiEj viil'MfJ3<iLiiiliJ3liiviinvilun^m3 ^3-3iJ3tivifilu0nu3a'nnai-33Q3Jvt<ini3n,a0-3il3bivifi3arii3al,uiQai9i334i ft/

V

.»

ft/

ni3a'3ja"aiEJiiatni30-3il3^ivifiiiulvi3J3JiLiviumwalvt0uiii-3i§aTii9i ihifi^nnil3tivifraa<i9nL3<i imi vnnifia30(Kurd) w^iwuinau 10 aiufm

iia^s1riii!riiia^uB333Ji9u^3-30m3jaEJi<ii0W00a-3n3^0n3^iEjnu3EJ luviaiEJil3smfiT0EJivivn^lu9i3n a3niiatavmu ti

via<i^iniv1u0^i§jia^wiEJiiat0ii3jIvi03iEJiia-3a'-30Ti§jIan03<ivi 1

^3<iLf3nuQil3Jui^K3la'>3fiTi3jm0uuin0,auan aEJiAfwisjfiQi^atfu l9umEJ<l0'313jfluilUlia3J «") lia<l *} lVJTI^0Q13jil0ll^3tVl'31<)l!j^l0EJ0a-3 0-3EJ ^SUUIvIeJO 20 90a3J13JVna-30313J^-3lT10Waniiat031QUl9u

a*-303i3jIan^3-3 ^ LVj3i^i]um3Q3jniJiEja33Juiia^30iai9u^i£j3nys 62

sta03U!

is. ts

as

LVJ303aniJVJUB3J03sSO3J3-3nqU- 3ai«ZlEJLiataV1353L3J3mL9uLLnuU1

a'-303i3jfi3-3uui3Ji^>30'.i§JLilaEJUiiiJa-3lvity v) viai£J3EJi>3U3nLviua^nn 0Q134VilEJLLVJ1ia-3^1EJ3n'bHi LTJU

(1) ^3<ia'3i-3a3J3-3navi330a3JvlQi0a33iiiiii3LafiTvi3una^0LLaji W3ril^Uni3frmQmivl3ni^^^

0^03a^L9u|1U^3-3ni3lJ2Q0^1Qa'134l33Ja3u3-3lvi7AJ^UVlllviLn0 "fiauanvi 3"

(2) ^3-3a'i34i3fia'3i-3ai^mJ33JimLianiilill^viiaiEJL3la<i^3>3^i]^ UUl9uni3lli3lfi0^a-331Q15EJ0lvi3j43fe It

VI is

«l

M

,„

t

tl

a

10/iiej lunai Ujnuivi

(3) 3imi^n33-3nqi^-303-3VIU-3nQ1-3lvi7^j^U91tQul3JL0EJ0n0U L33JL^334a-3lu^t^i^a'V13|3l343nini'3<ilU3J1LLVlUvi (4) pj3-3LL0nLL£jnnU33nL9u 2 na3J018JllUQ0Q13J00lu01U

Lfl3U-|n^Liatni3L3l3-3 a'VI3|3L3J3niL9uWU1<113-3na3Jvl913-3ni3l,B3!ilJ31l ll3^1Blll0EJlJ3Un31l711l0ai0Lgl3 a*QU3a'L%EJsfi-3'?IEJ1EJ31tJU1^n333nll) LLat3l?3lvi3jQia'Vlfl1VjI^LlEJ0913-3ni3l,B3nJll0334S'.Ua0 fl/

t

.V

11

_

1/

1

<

if

1-

if

1

P-l3-3L33JVlia'-30313jTan03<lv1 3 T1U91-3LL9iflQU'?l3-3a'>3f13imanf13-3Vl

2 2-3n3U3EJ LL9ia-3031JJ03-3U9il-3711l03-3n,3uluLL-3YU3J3ll03ll3tnifl33n 1

tl

3jiL9uvii-3ni3Liatvivii3^a-3fjil39nillvi?y^-3l0LLna'vi35aL343niLiat a'ViniVjI^LlEJ0l3J33n3J1ll3^0lJ3SV113n,U3Eil-3Lll0LWEJ a3J3.n|jfl331lfia3J lilvinajajTanLiaulmQain'.i 40 9nQirtiEJvi&3S)sa'3ja'aiEJiiasvhEJiiYi t

1

t

T

*f

a A A

a

**'.,_

°

..

3EJ1-3311I011I a-30313jlan03-3'W3J3n<H3VlU-3'.1 "£*0fl313JlEJU

il3tLYiflvl3EJ^IiEja'vi3|3L343ni3jnL3Ejn9i'3ia-3'3,i "Tanvi 1" ll3SLVlflLVia,1U3lni3V^9oVJU1V11>3a0aiVin3334a-3LLaS3EJluY11-30^U0naU3-3 t

tl

tl

03. la*3 Uiy§41

63

Vl1lJEjT3lJLflua1Qulvirij !J^LVlflluvf1lJ3aa'L913LaEJLiatl^l|U3Q3JaEJ lwllEJU0QEJ ^liEja'vinivjT«jfiQEj04>3L3EjnQi "Tanvi 2" il3i,nau0TEj ll3SLYIflvll,B3tlJll0a3J3lQUa0 luna34UD1«3ll3^lVlf1V^9}JUim3a0a'1Vin333J

WhlViUiaj-SLmaWllvVhllEJfl LL911l1-3ll3tLVlf1^nia'3VI9JJU1Lmj,^U a'3J3fi3la!'3'w,lvityaEjluna3Jil3SLVifi "Tanvi 3" fl-33lm3vmjui '

a

'"

VI1v)30a'1Vin333J9ilLLat3Jn3J0'.1§4EJin^,WLLVI3ViaiEJ lbSLYIf1lViaiUl)1-3Yl

nni3EjnQiiJ3SLVifi0aEJvl9^uivi3aiJ3SLvifinia-3v^9iJui ibtmfliviaiuS

^ISJYlSLEJBYISEJIUvksY^Ull^^^

LLa^31Ejl0^-3 ll1<llJ3^lVlfl0a-3ni3l|3KllllimW5fiS)LL'U'30ai0lf:i1^-3txllEJ Tanvi 1 El0i9uvianLLaii3jnL3EjnEJviBfna'03iia<i0m'i "ni3VJ9jmi9ii3j nraiavrarr iJioibtimaanlfc.^imasjSQfia'tf vfodiEjlanvi 1 natdiEj T*

&/

1

1

anvi 2vjmEJi3JEl0v1uvl0QEjni3^<)MvtiJ3iJLvifiluna3jTanv1 3Itfuwlta ii3-30U0,3EJQi!9ii<i «] luiJi-3iJ3tLvifivjQnL^iLaanl^fa'uiiauuunni3L3l3-3 ttiflnlmi^tiiijijaoiin ni3auiia"uuuuai^3'33>ivi-3ni3lvtaiQi3^iuQVL3Jin *2M3jnuiliJda'-30n3jnai-3Lwa-3 luin<nJ3t}LViflvnnL,?nLiiiliJd0T0EJ03<i nfu

a'vimviT(ifLlEj0atoYivn3LiiiliJlua-3m3i3l39 vi.fi. 2499 iiasavi^a&rlni ^011^131^1111^115137^311031^^13139 VJ.fl. 2508 Uan^inuu£l-33l ni33iinuaEJi-3Lil0LWEjluin<ia'3J3rj5an0Qtj itiu lufWfmmmvimias a"-3frrmilEj0ui3j Is

vuaao di ejvjejiejisjL3-3?i3i-3iL^uEjiufiivj uatviaoauijauuvn-3 *

t

lfl31^ffaa&Jl-3l03JYl0QEJni300^ fmawaimiwuYhlvTiYiflTuT^

LvlEj-3LQail3JuiuLYi0TuTaEl0?0aaviilwni39i00,a^a*a'i3nuYi'3TanL9u

l0aEJi-3%iJviauLLasn,alvtifi0ni3LiJaEJULLiJa>303>3lvi^litni30^Luu^0 tia^ttalaflinTiiira 30a"ivin333J 0^i3JiiJaEjmLiJa-3LVia,iw-33jn3l§aL3Ejnnu'ii "fiauanvi 3"

64

gfo03U!

ni3a-3ioLia-uEJiu/iiviLiatni3fiuviiLvifiTuTaCilvi3j *\ tevjmm

^iu-3U3Jvnfiia nvias vi3^EJin3vinviWEJviWiJluni3a'<i0Ti3jEJa3jl3Jiviaa Mvtil3^i^uiJ3Tn0Lv1atin3Ji035iu«ii3>3ni30iLUWQ0 via-3^in 74 9 a-virnvjTmlEjtflsJa'ismna^

a03EJin3Jinm «") a^Twiaw^i-jnaNTanvi 1niinaaTanvi 23-3Ej9iao L3l3a"vi/nvjT«BLlEj0a3gaai£jlu9 vj.fi. 2534 aimiwkilEj^LLEjnnuaan L9u 14 3J3tLYlf1^aQU3JinEJinSlU lwiU'.UU3a'L^EJLl!rUll3SLVlfllvi74Jvia0 113^314571^a>33a^Ej^a34anfianfiaiwinQuvla'vmivjTmlEj0a'3jaai£j Ll03m§EJ31J3J30nY11>3lYlflTuTaS

vhl#3mfl£JEJ-30<)0Qim9u3JVna^UlVl^^

luni3viiaiEjai<iTan0'3Ejai^uw'.L0aEJ3 0Qi34a,3ja'aiEJ^3oawiiv7TffiiEj9i L9uLa'3l3uni3vl^uQi3^iiij0a3J3lQua'0v1nnfl0lu3JiL9uviioLaanLiviu 1/

,

3tiiij0ai0ifi3Lvi3it3tiiiiurjnnai'3viiQi3l0Qi34^'33iEJ IsJlifYiioiaan

v1uillilJglJ9il0^3>3 ^UUlJ3SLVlflv1aylufilEJfia3J3lQUa'91^lJ31ILlJaEJ,U llUQ00a"lV131JW93JU1lJ3S;iYlf1

^EJTiu^a-s^liEjnasjTan^ 1 vhlvmvi3jai3J3Yn0>3fnim9u afl3JVnaiU1S)lTl0LvlEJOWL0EJ'. ^EJ«US03OU^a,QUVIlfevi35aL3J3nif10'31 LLUQfl0^a-30Unn9WnnaEJl<)liaSYJ™

vl0Ufi0Qiaivia<] .&fwaWlvi^luTanai^iviu0'.Ej iiriui-s&i^iiUQfta

LL0n9il-3aanlllvillwn00Q134^0LlEl-33ULL3-3fllia'V13J1 §-3Lta0-333n3Jllu3ll ii3Oa'o03i3jlu3vlmua'niwLiaslu33n 0Qi34ii0n9rwii-3fni3Jfi0iiasfniag #0ll&3EJl-33UlL3-3fe3lwan3.™illv^ ImiMeiufiiJHvnaiuiQm 7

l3JUriuvia<isiina'-303i3jTan03-3v1 3 vnsefofmmEJUEjIi UnQVlEJ1f1ia03lua'VI3^3L3J3nia'13J13na303Vtav7uiJn3334^a-334UT*Ej1,0 t

•"

t

t

03. lSf*3 UQjm

65

aiifs) 0ii3Ja-i3JT3nluni3na03viaYmijrr^ t

ti

vn-3Lvi0TuTaElLtiiiinnn3tT00an03-3 LYi^TuTaSlviwusisiLBateuwEJ (1) aaa

iM &T

M •

M l

a as a

C,

,

.

asMls

3J-BQ03EJ1010EJ L3401EjW013JB33341f100-3VlL0EJLl)U3J1 (2) H30LLllll0'3L3-310

0QEJQBvii3EjnTi "T0auu<f(Cloning) lias (3) 31^0Suejiql9u33ej <] 91^1^13^11vIsElllaEJUBQEJQ.^^^ ni3Cia03VlaV^USn333jl0^-3L9uia'3l3Uni3LL^-3lfi0^3-3ni3llSQ9i03-39i3lll lun^ni3TJ3-33JUH:EJ«Jf<131^L3EJmi "ni3ll|p9MUr.fftn333J" ni3lJ§Q9l03O fos3lwavhlvtlfi0frci3JlllaW. f

Is.

I

1/

I I .

il/pfrvu 3 fi3ov1wiu3Ji WsUU^-sSwduiuuisjqi "fiauanvi.

4" <*• tl tl

iJ3isQ9ifiia'03ii-3Qini3il§Q9i3Uin0^inm3fiuvjuivifiTuTaEl lvi3JLL9iat03-3Villw3-3Q1-33^dl-33JUl)'EJnQ1-33-31l,W UUflsWvllllYlfiTuTalj IvMNT)Ejl0LVISJIIUBEJ1-33Q0ifQlvLDtUtvl (&I10 LYlflTuTaEJ 8-3 EJ13 EJVI L03J t

tl

tl

tl

113-311-3U3T- 2 3t01l0QEJnul0Ll7llu3t01lll3IslVlfflLaslu3S01lll00a t

^1VI31llu3Is01JlJ3tLVIf1 L31YI31U0LLaT31ll3iJLVlflvl3lLYI0TuTa£llvi3J

V^9JJUlllll0L3'3nQ1ll3tLVIflvi3llVI0T,uTaElLril flV13|3l3J3m^-3TinVlU1LLaSs 3lriEjl0a'on'3iil3isLYifiaT.iLatlviEj tl

a1Qulu3t0iiij00awvl3l0'3i3ja'i34i3aluni3lmvi0TuTaEllvi3J

3l3iEjl0^-3nQiwvibJ3l0'3i3jai3Ji3a ^a^3n-a3s;,w,3i'a0wg(a-ana34,itnQi''a?iu wuufiT3n3s;T00Yin03'3YlStYi0TuTaiat,W3Ji,n09iw w,as;ai^wiT,aJsl0'3i3j ^0tii?i^aian^3Uii,3^^UYlitwlf^0§Jwwui«aawa^a'aiiua8jg[aia *

tl

(00iaEJl-3luimvi 4) 0Q13JmQVlU1VI1-3LVI0TuTaEluillldni3EJn3t01l0'313Ja'13J13n

lum3Na0^-39ii-3 »] l0lu^iuQU3Jinna^viainviaiEj 0ii3jai3mnuuvhlvi 3JUWEJ3l0'313J9ia>3m3LVl3J LVI31^-3vll3JL0EJ3l0'313J^1L9u0a-31l3Tfl0

naiEJi9ua*-3vmi9u lui^si^iJU0uai3J3nii,T0EJiaaEJii3Tn03iQ 8 iviiDaofm in0auiLaKy<iii3'l/i0Lvl3JiiuaEJi-3l3JviEj0El<i lu^TjusifenuffiQlancbusjin aEJinvii0i3J^fT3ai3>i3nuiii<i 66

sta03U>

0131 "vfomii^u-jtV* Yl^il^Sunuad^niuuSttriuadYi 03i§j0a^m3U3T/i0Slvi3Jin5i,u,

lu£J0vlLV10TuTaElLO0VJ33JLL0ulvt3lni3Wa0LLasni3f11<il1EJ71'WaEJl-3

nTl-3im-3 TmTana!'3ulvityVJ9iJUll03EJ1-33'30L3'3 UUVI3J1EJ^-3m31l3Tn0LLat ni3lw3VJEJin31IUv1uTanLvl34,?IUL9uL-31013J91Qlll0'.EJ .

ni3^YI3V4£lin3a2Jl^l3J<Wiy0ll^^SJUllll^031«ll0l,lll^ 2 01U YtasiSwa0aaui003Ja<aamu'6J 0a 03iH#0u,li3nufi3334flifiM,as:0'3i§4 ii0(,i,li^3s;vi3i^K^0»j

luUYlvl 2 naiQa-3ini^3a'L033sZf-33EjT00L0EJ'alunai-33JVlia'3JV13 3JuwEJv11il0-3vianLLVia^v1uu3lan3lviaiu3JiniJULia^ii3Tri03Jin«i)u tl

t

t

tl

Vl-3viin-33EJlv3l3J^1l9u lliu ni300l3JViiaiEJlllLvl3U13J1l9uL033O3l3 luni3a31-33Ua'T33EJLLaliN)nU UUl9uia'3l3Um3Viia-30313JLEluniJB333J1f19l

0T1ULWU «1 LLaQS333Jlf10l3J3lT3nia'a'0ULaEJLVJ31t0U^^0091ul3JV133 viiaiEjriL,,uiLvl3L3ivlu3Jivii3ua'i/33EJL3lal3nl0 YiiiluvimtfwMiiaj tl

I

tl

tl

t

'

Tmimsamflafa^aimyvri^

TanTJa-3L31Lll3EJDLa3l3ULmt;vlT00L0EJ'.lu^n3'3ia L3131f?EJ Y13VJEJin3^linB333J«in0Lvl3a'U3<10'313J913-3m3,?l3-3L31 IY1filuTaSvi131031-3 V

•

'

i/i/

1IU L313Jnl^Uni3L31^US1i3334^19iLvl3aU3-30'313J9ia-3ni3UU 3-.3JVl-3m3 ,

i

if

l3JaEJin01EJ^-3L9uni3ftlUB333J^19iLLa^L9uLl3<)Wan0U^1flt^jS-3 tu QUUL31 I

ft/

'

*

\J

**

0UVJULV10TuTaElvl31^vill'ML31 "aEJfhvh" LLaQ UUV13J1EJ0'313J'319ialllU tl

Tan^3l0uivl34luiiiiiiniQn3sT00iiat^ v1mi3ofmvjrisiyi0aolw3VJEJin3ivl3^ t

Wv1ni3l^V13VJEJin3^-3Ulllldni3^1iaiEJViaiEJaEJl-3l343l0Q13J^1L9uLaEJ

wan3tviiiiia-3ni3^iidiEJU^3J^in03EJv1iLvia,<iii3T/i0Lviiuu vnnfrauvW m^iEjlilvhTan nm .m3iJa'aEja'i3L03la3nlil^uviiaiEjT3T<ifuv1v]3jTan iiasni33«^iEJ^a-3ia*Eja3nma^uvhlviw^

03. T,Sl3 UQJ8J1

67

l3JManai^a,34a'aiEJ0aimmsam0a3vnni^ llYlufcaEJ^US333Jm03EJl-3l9u3J03 tl

^3<13EJluLL-3VI,U-3Tanul3J3lvJ33JLL0Uan9ialll U9i3JimEJL3l2-3 tl

t

I

1/

LLiioLiEjnnuaEJ^isjvisJiviaiviilEjnQi^tLVifi 0auuvinil3tivifi9ia-3m3 IrftnflSJimJU Ulllla'ni3LLEJ-3V13VJEJin3vlTan3l3EJ3EJl-3^iri0 9baEJl-3-31EJ *1 l&iriflQisjmi&luEh^isQuaannaiw tl

.

tl

I

ll3SLY)f1l^f 0V13jai3^1l9ua^ luEJlUUU LL9irtV13J1 l3Ja"13J13ny0LaiY13VJEJin3Uul0v1uvlLVI31t0UYiay

luEJlUUuUjEJaSJ ni33l31QBEJVlTBll713mLVlU3nQ131^^Ejlvta'V135,1 EJ0 Vluv1i0luv1a0 LL9ini39i301WS3l9l3lljlu3lJLllllJ9il-3 «•) 3Q34VMm3n'am331EJ lmiUQv1l31lVmlufl^lJU t

L31V1311l0LLaQdlluiJ3tQ9lf1ia'03l3J3l3JVI13^U1^1viUaEjl0filvll tl

Yinaimi3n3vi333gvn3^ui^saWaiEjluYl000^^

L%vjitni30a-3l^vivii3Lv!a0«3aiui^iia-39i'3L3-3lQ Yivii39ia-3ni3ffn£jfnYi

vn-sifnujifta L3l3l0f1nEjnivivii-3imi^n^l3Jm3Ji3na'uija'^uvivii3l0 LslauusjviiaiuisinL^asj'a-siLa^sjviiaiui^lvisJiiuwiiLviu 0auua"vi3<p I

ft/

I

§j

I,

flaafi3Jvna^ui^uuuat03-3ni3Yi3wmm ll3SlYlfl3U0a-3ni3VI3YJmn3l0EJQ^

0f1U03T3 «•) na3jy3SLVIf1vl3l0Q134ai3J13I1lia^tL9u3JVliaiU1^4-3

^Q-3^-3vi3viEJin3riua'vi3ji aisiLLij-3aanl0i9'uviaiEjna3j0'3Ejnu 0a ♦ na,3Jv1ai-3^0£luiia-3fiia'uiaa'ai3JLiais7iia-3viia'-303i3J

LllllineK)T^371Ua'VI3J1 LLatv7uB3l033Ejlu«il7JUiai 68

§ta03U!

♦

na3Jll3tLYlfl0ai03,'334EjT3ll tf!-33EJna3JU3l0Q134ai3J13f1

VllOLVl^TuTaElLLaisLmU-jn^LvlEJllLViiaVI^ Ll9i9»3UU 0^5sL9uvjuB3l037iiia'vi3ji 3Jinmii9uwvm-3

♦

3a'L%£j4-33lf1nEJ/11VIV11-3VlV113a-3LL9islllUt;u2-33l51U LfiTi^nsiBEJluinm^i d»

♦

11

7j3ljuf-3L9u34VI131U11\)V11-3Lfl3U-|fi^ LL9illt1UsULI-3l3J3l ffnumvjvn-3vivn3

♦

A

Wi

♦

3UL0EJ

Is

a'3-3il3t;LVifiviaoil3liJ3t^in3il3tLvifiaKn'3ivjuaiu0ULLaisnia-3 is

vl93JU1LmWjn^)LLat;ftnEJ/11VJV11-3VIV1133EJl-331IL3,-3 3'33JVl-3ffnEJniVJ 01U3T3UU1L0aEJ3 t

tu Quu2-3l3J3llmvrmiEja'vi3jp T0Ej03OEjniTuna3J3a'ai3J LL0Uul3jl0V13J1£J0Q13jdlLVI9ini3m^t0-33EJ03llllu3^U 0VI3J1 L3-3913SVlUri luQQ9JJUini31)3-3ll3EQ001003l9u3EJl>30 03UU0VI3VI ^3YJEJ1£J13JVI1 as

a

a

a,

is

is a

<S

• a

"\ is

G,

is is

*!

a/a

VJUB3J03LVJaiJ0aa3JWVI0mVIU'313JlLU'3lU3J^IsLllUWV11V11EJ LU3U1fl91 UU03 ti

n

%\i ll3tQ0f1ia'03lJ-3Qll3J3ll03L9uV^U1jS03Liai,ff03nU3EJl-3ai'33 \iZUU tl

ft/

03iajKi,vliufi32;vr3i'3na,3iu,3si,Yi0'0i'a «i yw 7 na'§j^si»9u03nTVrU0aui00

sia-alan tia^^^iiluL^aumaii^ivi^ij^sirifiauYi^j/^a^rii^Qi^t^il^ i,i,as;00iu3i^s;Ylia£Ji<al3bv1aaui00?ja^0Ui.a<a

03. Isra UaJ8a1 a.

as

69

"...imnmNmmsuildsfni^imam^m^iij 41

'999.

03. r.lIffQ UfsU3J1

77

imri 4 SaSj^uataj^ninuni^vi^ui^iajn^^u^afi

Via-3^in^l3-3L0UY11>3llj6<l^<IYl1lJam3niLvlEJ<)l3JU1U fU3343T131U iiiQv1ui3la-30'3Ejai'.B^tviuan'3iLiat!L<iiaT30Ti£jLi3-3 mi .Kvitww tf'Jim. t

vluiSa-slaJsl/lSflSjflU ^l3-3Lai<!fU^1QviuL3la-3l0Vl-3VI340LLaJsEl00ULL0U V .

t

vl31ll03J1l9uai7JU1U03J 0a3J1l^3-3v1aVJEJVllll0-3nU|1UYluU3Q3J91'3n'U Li^-3ija9iail3tLvifiiL3Jiiatil3tmfiLan3iif luvililBiii^mLviuBil^LiEjnnu

L9uil3JsLvifilvif4J«-) lwejo 3^sLvifil^Liria'vi^aLs-ifm LLfiui0iLiaSsL3ln%Tn VlQl)aL3J3Tlll0Llli-3nUL9uil3tlVlflU3Ejlvi74Jl0 12 ibtlYlfWUlT^ Liwu0ual'3uviu-3<a-32-3iJn033-30'3£jpJ3-3Lfia'(French Guyana) 3i3J3ninai-3 ?OL9uiLwu0uvlLfa3J3^viQi-3aL3J3niiviuaLia^ai343nil9iiiii>3a3nL9u

7ll3islYlf1 fbuimisril-S «•] luYl!JLa0131JL1J£JUL9<U,ll3^LVlflLan31,?fLia'31l1-3LLaK 2-3l9ui53>3mi3EJlh-3 11

LU3-3^in^1Qv1ui3la-3luil3^LVIflLViaiubJ3l/11W1L1IEJ'U,lia-30UL3-3 1*1/

is

3Jiri3ULLaispJ3<lL9uwn,391<llJ3!sLVlf1l9uL3n31'!f %isUU/11*U'1LLa^99JUB333J II

L03J«U3-3<BT3VJUL3l3-3l-3fi3EJ *\ 07jyVI1EjlllLLat/11,tr1v1ll3SLYlflLVia,1ul^L9u /iiwiil3^^iri9il0LLn,/iiwia^nqir miJu Tihwina &l3-3iftmias0Yi,(if

wa43|uialYiaumItauiiytm3U,3^maai3Ji<t4»tuil w.ff. 2544 aili^uiiunamhaiai$a<3u,aa «i m3iamTauniyuumijii™Yht<w ai4t^U0%iu,32ja*u3?y,wi3iai,t3^^5wli84asaia^aiiy03^ a-UYtaf-alfalJ iJ3S(>Yifiauslun1iJai^-lni^L0£jt^uT£JuigJU,uiil32;^nu?J3J uas u^ssfuu^ini^unrnian^tsfaslanli^^ 72

si^0^U!

lJratirtltin^aiwhh^^ Yivht'wni3tfcNui0a<.i9u^^ U.aSjffafllu'l

Yl1yaL3J3nil0ll3tnail0QEJlJ3SLYlfllvi7^UaEJ 12 ll3tLVlf1(0131>3 1) L3la9 vi.fi. 2516 aui9u9n,auv1ui3Ju^^u3i0iLii)ij'ni'3msT000:l3LL3n

^uviilvtLfi3i^n^a^ua'SLv1auvi'iTan il3SsLViflluna3JU3ln£jl09i30ua'-3n'3,i LniVial9IEJnL'lULvlEJ-3' 2 lblslYlfl03 Lami0a3LiatTll^LQ£J VlininU131Ejl0 0a0U?-30^UQmT0EJimi013Tan^3-3llui^1LvlEJlJnil31Ejl0^ Vl.fi. 2546 LTI^tLv1udlVinil3^LVlfl3l31£jl0L9uLlU0aaai3LVl3J'7JU

a£J1-3l3n013jlu,K'.-3

if

,

iQai 30 9uufiiLOU0aaai30na-334iLviaail3t3Jitu 24 i«3U9i vrWU&jiftaEj Js

113-3-1013101^14 Lvii9n(0i3jl33ja^3omLi0i3Tiaioavi3ji a'l-rmumiaijT-iJaa' naowrifri 4.14 ivhfo) a^uviinLTi9ia-3ni3Lif3EJiiivlEJiJTiiil0<,ii3-3 29uu L319ia-3a0fl1^a>3L3'U03aai3luil VJ.fl. 2546 IviLViaBLViinUll Vl.fi. 2516 T0EJni3VI130QEJ 4.14

iSamviiLmuuiTi^sLviuviuvlQi tustanan 30 ilYiwiuaji §\mw 2 iJ3s;iYiflLYiiuu<Mmi£jl00a0Ui>vl3J^U0a fanuianriQal f-aais na'i-al^iTflaYraT.u'u^sM^ mrizazl^i.Sui.'muu ?

03. T,a"3 u-sy§Ji

73

01313 1 : 31£jl00aflULLai/0-2U^fl'31'JjT'lJ33l6l,2Ja-3lJ32;Lrif1 luvniJaiuinrfS nfulawafm

ihs.tirt

uJa«m

THuUflBftti

(v.)

fmjjTibslJf

920

-43.9

2.8

3.490

843

-48.8 .

2.3

950

3.820

' 923

-2.9

5.9

«5TU1134

870

2.280

551

-36.7

3.2

U3i5a

760

2.720

657

-13.6

3.7

3a

720

4,360

7,053

+46.3

7.3

lib

620

2.140

516

-6.6

3.5

InaajMiljEi

440

1.810

437

-0.1

4.0

tiiaaiui

410

217

-47.0

2.5

-34.6

2.1

2516(S)

2S46(S) = 2516($) .

OTaL^lWUI

1,640 ;

3.810

i^iu^iaai

1.630

tpmu

lJinn-iu

900 '•

410

1.110

268

'

380

1,830

442

+76.3

2.5

TuawEJ

230

900

217

-5.5

2.5

t,mml,®

400

72,030

2,906

' +626.5

5.0

Itt£/

270

2,790

529

+9S.9

.3.8

r

* fimmiimiJijlsiwwnTiujiu'iiaj Transparency International l/waiO 2548 fttsuuuivai to

74

sfaftQU!

^auii3a-33iQ<Ma-3il3KmfiLVia,i-uu3Jiia'i03i'i ^ Yfaihismfivi il3^a'ii0Qi3ja'iL3^iiiasnJ3JsLvifiv1a3Jivia'3 i^snnibsimviihsaii^i-aa^l^) 2ibsivifi a'QunasjihisLVifivlajjivia'i 10 3J3sivi0^sia,iqinil3tivifivia3jivia'3 3Jinv1^0lila1iJ3^iYifiv1a3Jivia'3'uaEJv1a0' 1.

n

t

§a (Chile +46.3)

Q00iEJ9niairaa>3ni3M3J3iEjl09iafiu ?a

'ir^a'ii^Qis-iaiL-^ia^^luif'M 30 9via^inui3mm3i0i0m ^3-3aEJ^a3liL3via-3iL0-3uaxlui030a?(Nitrates) ^imuajin iiriite^&jlu.

0Qi3Ja,im^3-3^aT^l^in0^inni3i)iEJU3Yia-3ii0-3uatlui039ia? vnni9u "l)^^EJ3UlJ3Un31inU ^a3lll3tQ003U,B1<)EJ1'3U1Un'31ll3SlYlflluaK9i,U

3L.3J3niluni3l^ni3lln03a-301oy3^1iailll3^1Blll0EJaEJl-3103-3030 aEJi-3l3n0i3jlvi,ni3ia3n9i<i9 vi.fi. 2513 •rmiaiaan tfainaal aiEJu.0

(Safyador Allende) i9uiJ3i;inuiBii0 aiEJUi03l0Qi3j5u<iiaulu3truaii.

a"<i03JUEJ3j. uTEJinEJifi3w^n^uaKa'o034lvity 1 ^3<jml0iirini3EJ0l3 utoVi Ivity <?\ Lia^ivi3l3-3ii3^inianmiLLa^iin'ri'i9ii-3'iJ3tLvi03Jii9uiia-335 fis-mfii if

aWhiia.^ufnii3-3<nu

m^msmii^uuYhl-w^^ 1

1

1

11/

,.

01ll3<)M3jfj0Q13J3aYl3J-3fKimY^^^ 11

11

l9u0Q1343aYl3J-30-3lYlEJ-3fo0TniW^ 11

1

UOTUU

t

u

0ai0vlQlilu3n^inlu0ai03l0^-3Tn'<i3i0ia'-3nQivl0Q3^isi9u0'3EJivi0viaiEJ .11

t

ll3Sni3lm93-3lL3n3^iaTI00Q13Ja'13J13ttl^^ «!I Lia!sLVi3la-3ii3vlEl03Ji^nnLan,2U vliliflwa0l0lj4iviii03Jiia^0'3EJ9iuviuvia'-3 . 1 tl mi l^^NiiiaQiiusvlml^ inW03n3lvi3J03-3l^nailuni3l3EJU3^-3V11-301,WLYI0U0ni3in'U'03Uat *l

m3U3VI13^0m3 YJ3334nUimil3^myl3l31^^

13J3

l^a"i3mnfavn^a-3vl0U0a<)ni3l00i^^

03. T.ff-3 Ut^JSJI

75

Iu0ai03j0 ma-3nail3Juimfi3i^nw^ fi0nagjaEJi-3Vivin

0Qi3J^wiEjlu^03Jauin0^iinfii'3isiii*iEJinvi3Jiniivj-3 viilvtvivn3

d0aiui^l*u9 vi.fi. 2516 Yivii3l^3iajiJiw0^ni3iJ3vii3iJ3JsivifiaEJ.i6 9n'au v1^^Eja3jlvt3lni3iaan0^1u3tiiaiJil3tinmJl0Ejan ta 16 9vm3jiiia YIVH3a03aua>l1hJ3Sinmiasa'31-3n333JYhl^^ maajnijui3:mi0ai0oainaiJ34il^

unim»|fiia'033ulvi3J,l-3l03ijni3f1n'briqin3jvmviuiaa^uiunvmi uaoamji 3j^iafma*<}YlEl03JiliWiiJ3^

luYI3WaHiYJ3a3JmJV,mm3JW9Jmilfl^ ua-3ian,»uuatvii0ai0a,-3aan3EJi-3^i3-3^

%3JiaYlVH31l3-3%a3l0Q1340aiEJ3j|lJiaW fiUTlffl U9i3la,QU01<ia'l07jylu01U1ia>30Q134^avia •la3lll3Ss'19iEJnU1U Iu0iuni33l0*ii3jfta;fta9ii 0TfuflQ00Qi3jftaaaiia-3a-3fin3ianimifa Transparency International !J-3Qiluii330iiJ3tiYifl0aEJVi9jJui0'3Ejnu

%a3l0ii3j&aaa9hvia;0 l3JivlEj<iiYhuu0^(9 vi.fi. 2547) wfaej-mas^ij 0Qi3j&3aalu%auu0im'ilu^ L<au •fJ-wifTtf milmiasijSiju •uIauiat,uu,tu'30ai0i,7if3Yli>,w3Ji£7i(8J m3H0-3i84fta«,auaa. uas0^i84t0i3wlw*wanni3U,3s«ifiiJl0atw*s}'3^i,riau 2 Yifl-mi-f

viwTuai I»iluil5aqiija,i0aj6luni3vf®i*uii,0'3»|n«a S-slilmitfrnaMaflna-s

ni3fnia1mja'vi3ji 4<ii9u0ai0lvi7^Yla;0luTan 0auu$aa"i3Ji3tiwa0 wmiaswalsWlitoiEjluav^jp Wi-3q0viuT3l03Jin^un3svi-3^ufii in3^33l0Q13Ja'l07^g<in'31^Ufl1^1VI'3nil3S191 L«2fU Y13-3U0<llLa^lui030^ i^EJsn

76

tstaei^U!

(,amwa4 (Ecuador +u.3) iJ3smfilu3L3J3Vnl9iviaiEJil3sivifi

3lantrtUt0aiEjlYIEjluLl-3v1 "l#3JB333m^llla3-3" luil-3Ul3nQ1033 if

M

A

1 tf*s

A

as

1

la

0aiEJlVlEJ3JinVia0lVJ31^ra3JB333JU7jyri<j 17 vllJlJlU3SVniOVlVJEJ1EJ134VJ9}JU1

3tuauil3t4tfiBiJl0Ej ^3-33EJ0^in0QiatBTiEjl09i30uua'ilwQ<inai' 30 9vi W1Vl3ril3mi033mMUia\3Vlu3^ ii00Qia^uuiLpJ-39^viia'i3vl0l^i3laf1nii-iana-3lil^>3^t3 lunja-3ii3n ianQ10333lui3JULViaal^-33l31Ejl0^inni31l1EJU13JU 9lviUU134U3l3i01 a-3 9uu3^EJl00,^vtQ^^^^^^Qlan'3^0a3na'-30^3Jlll0•^EJ 9lviu3i0Tui3lu ti

u

9in iluunEjlv^in^naEJi-saQuaiii iami033i0EJi9<wa'3Ji%niia-3a'34i034ii3i;ivifi is

M

Is

a

"

a'<iaanili34u(OPEC) Li9raiaanivj3it;T^0a<ini3^iri0ni3wa0ui3JU0i3j •

i»

•^iuiuv1a'3Ji03JUuniviu0 1

is

I

1/

.

il3^ni3vi 2 vt-3vl3lui3Juii0lmi^n^^3-3i3nQi0a3iJ3ta'i)il74!vii 1/

If

' v.

i*

as

VI

T^omasjaisai ejviai EJ03-3 ivmy\&%\ i3uimsviu9h-3il3Ssm fi^u0a<)lilEJ3J

^inn3-3YIUni3WU3SVI'31-3ll3t:iVlfl(l3l334l3Vl) /1T3ta34aisaiEJll3^n31inil ni30a-330L§3J^0013J0Q1340a-3ni3^3-3l3l33Jl3Vla'31>3flQ13Jl03033US)U ^11l3nQ1033^1UQU3Jin3VJEJVJ33nuaniJ3^lVlf1lv1alllYil3J1VlinUYl3U luii0,as9^iQianQi0a3iviaiua,<iLm^iUQi^innaiiliJlv!iJiuin0 3iej-siu a'ia'0li-3'31LluU'Ua'-3il-3 8% 1ia-331Ejl0\)3£TO19lvi3aNa^.nm^3J'ia3'13J S

tl

Is

1/

^3-3ll3tlYlf1liatl9u3U01f 2 33-3^inm36U1EJU13JULVilVlU

lJ3tm3v1 3 l3mi033lJ3ta'll^V11Lluivl33dl-3VlUn3£Jl-30,3LUa-3

lYJ31a^13telEJlllllia;3Eja3^EJ^3-33^ lui^U,!iia-30U 0aUUL3ni1033'f-3l3J3ll3uU3-30'3l3-3l,S 913-3aiffEJL^U

0aaai3fivi3ji ni3Yiiimuui9uia'3launi3i^EJi3nTi^vii>3ni3i1uni3-Bui0i3 3EJi-3a"3Jii3m lulanu^ifeivifiiJiui3Jianviu<iil3^ivi0v1viitwuu ii9iiJiui3Ji 11

L0EjaEJlua'fiivj0aiEJi9ui3l3-3tiiuii3-3a'vi3ji LVj3iSsa"vi3ji i9uwiln03a-3 03. IfTQ U^«1

77

Li)00aa-3iliui3Jii9uLQaiuiuiia^0aa-3umil3EJii0-3a'iEJiaa0vii-3ifi3i^n^ 1ia-3llTU13J1

1/

wiwsftaai (Venezuela -48.8) 9niaAEJ^3U^-3fl0Qin.u«tfiaai

asjiviaisjinvi^ m3i!snEjl09ia0ua0a-3n-3Tn 49% uu^uilrinrjni^

aumnfeml^ivirisniu^ ih3JU34inv1a;0luTaniia£i9uibEitf^ (OPEC)

naiQl0/3iniu«8iaairnvi'3EJviaiEJ03-3W/3-3nai 30 9^inri0i

U134Uv1vj<lllULllllJriT3mtT00 ll0UYIUYktl9uVJ3gm3fT ui3junaiji9u fiifftil l3J9h>3friJ0uiJi-30unnvnm.aQ.M^

iJtyviia'i3VJ0m3ii;iii003i8ji,«i<t^i,fa'ani3't^i,1,iA auvm-slsjiftvii:; 1/1 1/11/ a iQiu^iaaiiviiuuvimmua-svKJvlsluiwu'iJiEJ il3uvifiluna3j OPEC ehulvrcu niJ3isa'ii^0in333JL0EJ'3nu il3in{)m3Juauil3tviai0uu3l3iEjatia£j0

BEJluviuo^sfa laitfaswamiHv?

3Uv1^3-3iQiu^i3ai3lvi3viEJin33Eii-3auan3Jinu3n^inui3JU uasni«tfB333Jin0 Ii9ini3tem34i-31EJ fj ^inni^iEJUiijuiiatni^^nsJifi^

viilvt35iiial3Jla,lsiv1^i^9jjuiaEJi>3au luifa-anainii 40 9via<mn •

1/

1

LQlU«ffl3aiL33Ja,<lU13JU33naEJl-3'l9uail9ua<U YIVmilnfnSOlbsiYlfl

wunutw0^ni3wilu,{ini3tm1wam^a"3gja'3iauasni3gfli^QQiuB33», 5ia^0'3i34%a«>a^umn3s;0n0i 3iEjteinni3<niEJui3JU0naiilu3la,?i3-3

0mvlEj-3na'3Jian *\ ivl3j0,3i3Jiviaa3jai0i^-3lua'<)03jlma'33iEj3-3lu is1a0u^ua3riiJ3^Q-3ivl3,iiaa,'3uiiii-3^inni3,?jiEJui3Ju 3|inavivii3 nil3iiiiln3J3EJi-33uii3-3!i-3iiui0ia300nEJi-3aan Yuvl3luu^inni3^iEJW3m

ll03^iaU>30a-3Vl3llEl3J^in0^^ via«3snniila£Jum3iln033-3L9u3njaiJil3^iBiJl0Ejluil vi.fi. 2501

3pJiaviai3au3ii3J30n0nvia03JiviaiEjaEJi-3 itfu Q9jJUB333jni3lm'3u UlJlll3430ri3J 0-3134%a%a VIU9il>3ll3tLVI0 0'313JLViaa3Jai9iia'-3llllU *

78

^303U!

II

£j0T9iouat0'3i34ii0niiEjnlu^-3034 a^iviaiMuifsLVja-saEJi^^ivmj lW131Ejl0^inni3,iJ1EJU13JU l3la3|Uiat33jlwr£JU1£JUU-3l/?2/?nU£J5Ji.via iaiwwaani^Ej-3i*ifu tinianviu ^i-3inTiifni3m3wuQU3jin aanngvmiti

1IU01^1-3ll3-3-3imi0W13jla,0U>31Uv1inEJ^031U33niLatlvl3>iaQia'0ni39il-3 ^ U3n^inuu35iiiay-3i33ni3iJ3Tn00QEjni3l^30riLianiilaEJUS)a3>iiJaa3j UU03 91-3filUU<M3-3l'.lU<SL3ail%-3n'3,131010ai03Jin <] vhl#a\i01U1lTl I

1/

„

3l310ian 3-3miUU#131^ni3&-33laVffivlLflmuni3liahl1u0319il-3ll3^lV10

lua03ia"-3ndiii3-3iJ3tiJiiiuvtQlily-3walvtiii3i^ni3f3?ia<iuanl0rinn'3i 0uauan0iEj

3J30n0nvi30iiaKuTEJUiEJ9ii-3 «i etri-3i]tyvnl'wniu^Laaiviuv1 lS33101U13JU0n llLU^l3ail3Ja'13J13n^13tVlvi9il<Jll3tlVlfll0913-3lllaU3n <\nnlaia3Jiavl 3J103ni330Ll3J^00134W3l334l3VJa31<lfni3jl3JVJ3Mv^ Is

Is

„

1/

il3!??n4au^un,3^ai^aii3Ej03<i in-303-33l0ui^EJ^0^iu>3U3JiTi luarnmrnm

W3luUEJa3J-30ni3a-3Vmfl1Ejluil^ 11

1

-

1

9ilEJ334Villvilfl314jfi^ri0n3EJliat31Ejl09i30Ua0a-3 nntiami (Guyana -47%). niEJ3iuil0L3n3i^in3^nqwi3l39

VJ.fl. 2509 Via-3^inl0L3n31^3|lliaU1lJ3tlV10md31slllia<103JUEJ3jT0EJ ni3El0iJ3n^3-3^iQ0i-3il3tivifiiia^3<ii3n,ifU34ii9uii3-33j niEjlunai 10 93^-3i9uilm3-3n^ni3luir3UYifin-3 85% ii9ivia-3^nnEl03Jil0l3Juiu 3j)ina. npini3ll3Vl13^0m3133fi^lvi74J «"| Uul34-31EJ0>3vifl0 M3l3-3ii3iJ3nk0 (Bauxite) ^Wa^Qflq^aiVl^asaMUEJ^^ «iia-3iJ3tLVifii33Jwa0l0uaEjao l3a3EJiia^T3-3-3iunauui0ianil3taii fls0in3334i0mnu uaniviuasnnuu^ is

ll0nilEjnnU3EJ1-33ULl3-3013JUUQlW1v1UB3UlJ3^n31l0QEJ0Ulf3a'1EJ3Ul0EJ t

t

m 52% uTn3Lia^anwa"34 41% iiatBu «i 7% /riEjlunai 20 i)via<rainl0 i3n3i«jf niEJ3iui0n3EJluriiQta3jataiy03-3lil^3nwusiinl3i33Ji3vl ti

•

03. T,Sf3 UQJ841 9

or

79

ni£jaiuiiJ3^iiJaEJUifi3i^n^^in3njija<>303JUEJ3jliJd3KiJiJ0ai0 ia^0i3Jfiiuutuiiia<ia'aiiJuni3wu3svi'3,i-3iJ3«mfi mi laiasjiavl bui013 T

i

ft/

anuatBui0i3VJ9wuia«0U3i3J3ni 3jinavlL9mlhviuliasatnijuni3t3u

l0Ejnvmstauvm<ilvimEJ3iui vlilvtL03W5n^iia-3mEjaiuii33J^u9i'3 aEJl-3l37101340Q13Jl^EJVI1EJ^-3in0^inni3Via-3W0f10dl3tyiJa<>3034UEJ3J l9u^-3vl0E*J-33lwan3SVIll3Jin-3lJ^lJU •' t

aifiwawi (Argentina -43.9) waia'Ejii-saili^wmi 0u1viej

•0-3Unfl-3ibsinUEJ3J lVJ31sl0SuQiai3WU0U1l9u0UlllJll1l3-3ni3llluTEJll1EJ

iiu-3uu3Jil^ua'3j^3J ma<i^in0ulviEja,Qulvii^0^sl3Jfasl33JinliJnQiu;u L33-3ii3-3ai3i^u0ui^fjnui3Jiiailuviu-3fa§a i/?ssn«£/$j: vneiusnn aili^wwwi^ltwy? ai3i^u0uisf-3iJ3snaiJ0'3EJpJ3^raT3Tn 98% 10EJ

v79^ui^uriiQViuiinaiiiviiavi3ji uiviuiiJ3siYifiluEjT3ilm3ij^vi3J0 uaiiluL3i§EJimtvi]uiia^Lmvia w.0ai4tqw0uiv^i®iui0aT,ijT,8il0 mris

ttuTtyuialaiwaisa'ajnua'amn^ uasaasnu^salJ^wanwuliJtii, Yn-aauiHauiuTtauia^sj^iwiuajuuu^Id^antK ni3iJn03a-3ija-3ai3i^u0uian03aiJ-3i0<iu9ii33J9iU0'3Ejna'3J

imwjvifm ai^i9uivj3itni3iviuimiJ3^Ej^ua,QU0QiviuaiJ3sTEj<ifvi ^3-3ll3SlY10^191V133ni33lQa<EJVlflUU0lJnl0 flUnaSJlfulmVIUfi™ ai07^3-3ni3a0a'ivin3334lu3s^^

1uejT3iJ ampiiasiaEjaiii-sfsjilu vj-3ni«ailvi0'3i3jla,1^9iam3Yiil3,iLaSs ft/

laEj^winmiiiasE^EJvrafna^

T0EJiq,vn^ni3wa03ivn3ivl3a,<i33n 9i33Jii3laiJ3^in3ai3WU9iuiivi3jlu ^1UQU0WULVl^U3Eil-33Q0L3QlVJ31SLLVia-3Vll3J1Vilfiui9u^a-3^lui03Tifl f t / "*

la^ugbulvtty 9sWsUuluni3ia3n9u9 vi.fi.2459 vnai3^u0uia,'3ulvi7sy

laan aTiJafci 33TniEJU(Hipolito Yrigoyen) i9uiJ3UBiuimj0ivi3iswii ^uTEJU1EJUUQll3^1UEJ3JLVl3l3ll^0ULViailXu ulgJUIEJjtestfTUgJa 80

5lta03U!

uilu'flm3waitjyi1u$uu,3S3n^a^ Yivii3^-3ftQEjTama'a3J3jiiialu9 vj.fi. 2473 YlV113LiatVJai3aUWa0nUlJ3Vi13lJ3islVI0l33EJ3J1SIU313lS)U9iui If

1

il3!sa'iJ/mi!a3ja!saiEj03<iLL3nL3l39 vj.fi. 2499 via<i^inil3i;Biuimj0 a-m

iiJ3a-3(Juan Peron) iln03a-3il3siYi03EJ 99 n^aajasamSuwasia-afm tfluTaunau^sflmamiuuaWlGw uTEJinEJu,uwai^-3iiil3S34i7ju^u«in00a

^lUTUUVUflia 3^1Jia90-31llJ3is3J17JU0'3EJni3l^l3ua,133>3<?ia-3lJ3t;iVlf1^U vm0 via<isiinuu^<in^in9ii>3il3Jsivifl Lslansjin^ulsJslWlvtnan^aliln as

1 isetA

a

f

as

^3

1 1 1/ a

a

tl

.

a

V1U3J1 WQBni3V13JVJ'BUU03<i1-3n3 lviin0/msi-3UM3a;-3<\mi-3uiiYitJvi3j0

fiilunaiaua'u 35iJiaviivii-3a3nl3Jl09i3<)telfi3J3i0i^ufiiiLa^fii^i-3 LL3-301U L3l3lJ3Is^miVI3J0fl3VirimT1t^7^VI1Lfl31^fisi YivmnEfoaiuisifm ^inuu3-ii3i3i^i,u9iui0naEJlu/iiQt;a3jan0an0aiuYin0iu u

t i t

Yiiv30iuni3i3la-3vivn3El0aiui^L9u3«EJK 1 Iu3tvn'i-3v1vivn3i9u3juia 03-3gj0viiEJ ^iQai3i^u0uinndi0iEJiias^tjyviiEjlilviaiEJvi3lu0u uBnsnnuu ft/

y

I

ft/

3jiiiavivii3S-3il3tnifia'-303i3j5<)Lni^3a0iiau0fiiJ3-3nqiii- viaosnnnvj a-30313JYlV113^-33iai^im-3m3L3l3-3L3l39 VJ.fl. 2526

v™0iui03irjfto 3i3i^iu0uivi9}juifi3EJvia-3 ibsaiimxasjaasaiEJ ViaiEJ03-3liatl3Jai3413a^13JsVlU9il-3ll3SlV10l0 ^1l9u913-3lllVJ-3laia3Jl3Vl tfuia-wan

Y11-30TU&303J ai3L^U91U1lJ3^a'1Jl1fjyVlia'13VI0^inni3YllJ3l,Tf11iU

dQulviT^jaVJEJVIlllllllLlB^nUBEjluislBO ^1UQU3Jini9u0UEJin^U 0Qi3J%a?i,aLiat0Qi3JLi0niiEjnLivj33Kin0aEJi-3nQi>3ini-3

sili^umi^-j^uiosEJvia-SBEii-suiataiEjl^^i-sriiiniu^iaai tffwitsj (Suriname -36.7) tf3Vu34i9uihsiYif1ianvia0 Lia^lvi3JYla'0l,U3l3J3ml91 3lll3^in3l3Jn-303-3aiVl0ULia!sl0L3n31,?J 1

3£Jl<ja"3Jl)37JU^iniULBa3liaU0L3la9 YJ.fi. 2518 lUamba^Ytf1l03jllJ01Ej9ll3J II

03. left UQIUI

81

tfiEjuiiiasidirw vt^l^ns-si^win^lliuriu^uanl^ 4-3i9ui0q0u ^s^asasliuEJSj iianW^iiaaifi^fhiYrri^

90%

^a-suunitmimjl^iiais 85% na-saWhaan ifi3i4jn^ja-3^3uii3J^u3EJnii 3i0i^iaoiL3uanW

3iEjl0warraa<nJ3siYifianaEh^^ lYhv1wi1^1in-3034mifi33liaU0-30fllEJM^^

t

T 1

,

ft/

0EJi%vji^inEJQnijm30imLavj9i0^a-3mi)^wuiuatnnq0

vn-3m3i3la-3,Ef-3in0'iJUiiaEJ *\ ivmtiJ3s^rr3^a-3^3uii^uil-3aani9una34lvity •1 viaiEjnasjl^un1 i§aa"iEjaui06j 37% anwa"3J3^Qi-3uTn3nu^aa'iEjau

31% waa'iEjauT0UWEJ i5%uTro 10% iiatviLviaai9uL^aa'iEjau nativity A

a

S

**

"

«] 3JVJ330m3i343-3,aa-39f'3ia-3 i.0Yivn334Ti^nlEjaEJ.ija-3Via-3 111-303-3

V!330ni3L3la>30na-3nul3jl0uiliJdni3l§ma<)m0,afnu viawinUfianrw Ywifttu^iisOTTOaaOTaj^ ihnrna (Paraguay -34.6)

luttoawaiinaij 60 9viwiu3Ji

ili3inQEJiJn03a-30,3EJVJ330m3i3la-3VJ330i0Ej'3 uiii9um3iln03aofl-3

EJ1QU1U34in EJ1Qn'31VJ3300a3J3l'3Ua'0^Ul^EJ3n Ll9ivj330V1lln033-3lJl3inQEJ

laUHtaaN*busw 3jfi3334u?y«a^i,iiiiilaw5iwu,u,jiyi«a^iJ3s;iJifiill0gi w,as;i«32;uu0ai0i,a'1is9wu,U3uf,wi3^0m3i,^3U'|n^ aaiVUncsna fjim§msyliuYiMytjp.Yl(,aa^ ^^lavI^n^3wu^v^330a'^34^3atlU4wal]3sIa«^^lla<l03v^3awnu03U03J kj

>/

ft/

A

I

newim* vUJViuluiiQoinau 60 ^^BiuiSii^^uviwaEJlu^iiiviu-sl^ &/

*§/

35 9 ll003UUa001rltB1,U1Bll0 20U0a^llla/fEJaEJlu9il^lr3TsLVI001EJ1iaVI1 viaiEjn3tvi-3niu abaa mnaiui^i^z^iuimu\umim^mamu

vn>jm?iUa>j lmj330iil3UYi0luvniJai3J3Ynl0 ih^nQEj^Qisj&aaaavia^ 0i3Jni3a,i3Q^ao3-30n3B333JiiniJiaa'ina (Transparency International) ti

lh3inQEJ^03Ejluna3JlJ3tlYlflY^ 82

fta09U!

i

iJi3inQti3ln/3vi3JiEJ3u^i0lviBui0i3Tauwu0aaai3l03gji>3ia^

l9uvlY1311inUQ1UU03ni33UT^10l^

mni3Ulj-3l33-3

ivmsni30imiav<00luai343Ynl^^^

3l^3l^EJ-3T0-30-3lu01Uni3dlEjT3U^3-33l0,1^-3an3J1^iny3^LVlf1lv1aUll1U mi iirraaiiassi^wiui 03^-33^9133^01111^1^0111^-3113-3113^101^5110

03-3VlU4ni9u3aYlljT3JEJ3-m^

3i0inn^o3lnlilfavnnuv1iJi3inQEj imai, n^n3334iviaiviuia3lv\Ln00ii3j ti

%3%aa'-3 ti

Is

uan^inn^n333J^ivnn^ivniviaiuuiLa'3 ili3iniEjaifiEj

ni3iniir03i9uvian ni3intt03ii3<)ih3iniEJET3lmi3-30ui9ua1iulvisy ^-3Wa0l3Jfi3Ejl03Jinun U3n^inUUvl0ULn31IVl-3VI3J00n3EJlu3l34U3-30U na'man n ivlEJ-snasji^EJ-. ^asjaa^iwdiifrttfim 2.6% «ua<iiJ3tivi0i9u t

1

1

ti

t

i^aovivfmw 75% ili3iniEjl3J3lvii-3aanvi^iavlilvini3al-3^ufiil,MiJ3^iYi0

a^EJinaiinnjiu.fT3i^nqauiiJ3^^ fiwMW$jftiw&a&fflumfamz®n®imlwmv^ fian0aiu3Ji0aa0

urwa (Brazil -13.6) luvmvirn 17 iviiiiaoisla-slviEj 03aii0a34 ^nniii03aulila-3i8ii0aii3u LvlEJiivi333J0'3EJ0ua,ua03ja'34i)37Ju iJiIn etiEJUi lL3B19ia'13VJ04lJU0kianJ31^nn33T3 180 aiU0U D31%aU1^Ssl9u3JVn31U1S)

vn'^ifiTUjfta 03-3^i3Jni3vl9iJuii9ulil3EJi-3ifa-3,«ia'aiiriiini3a34ataiEj Wl4ViaiEJV10/333wiwiU3J1

via-3iiJaEJuni3iJn03a-3^in3siJ3ija'3JiJ3mi^i^viS3isifEjlu9 vi.fi.

2434 1131^3131^333^1111)01^11^113-3^3^ U9iviVn3lln033-3ll3SslYlf1

T0EJ03O3J1-3 W1U3^iaVJUvl3llJ3triUlflJ0l9uVja.3aU1J1-3^Un3SYl-39 VJ.fl.

2528 l3JQ13^1lia^tl9uVlVI13V13aVjaL33U0llYlljqKl3J3latl3U0n0,1-3n,U ad

v

LVJ3itin3iJvin3|iJia3lQ9jJUB333jluni3l^iEJinu0'3iiaSsda%a vhlvi 03. T,a*3 uajan

83

Lfi3i4jn^0naEJluQ-3Quiia-3ni3iiiyiEj0QivlEj-3^03i'3 i3uivla viuviQajviu LiaJsm330ra3J1l0l9u3SEJis «•)

U3i^ai9uiJ3tiYi0viu-34<il^iJ3m3iia-3laLa3Jiavla£JiO9iama>3 f

g

if

>

_

is

i

uii^iniuria0^a<)0ni3viui3lavia4a'-303i3jTan03<iYl 2 quwiiWru t

Wq-3 21 9vl3^iaVIVI13lln03a-3lJ3tlV1003-3Sj0YI1£JSlin9 YJ.fl.

2507 Olfi" Vl.fi. 2528 VlVI13V<EJ1EJ13J3EJl-3S)3-3^-3Vl^^Wan0UlJ3lialvi

aan^im-3^3auiYiQ0QEJ34i03m39ii<i «] imi f)3j0i^i-3ii3-3-3iu ^irfaaVitf

luni3il3isYn-3 0iufi3J^a a-3mluT03om3lvi^ «-] vuivl3a'Ti-3ifaraEJvmjiu Liasl3-3v3iua0a'ivin333J uatn3S0um3a-3.viuiia<iL3niiu0QEJii3-3^-3l^ 9

i t

*j

ViaiEJ1fU0 3J103ni3lVia'lUUVlllvilfl3W^fi^<!IEJ1EJ0'3aEJl-39iam3-3 udmaanumiiMnYh^^

on0Qijfi34lv^aEJ0<)v11uiimsYl^u0iy<iiJU3i0i9aisViaiEJiila3L§u0 a£ii-39iaiu3-3 *

y

ft/

1^

t/

*/ _

LU3-3^1inil3lial3J3lui3JU ni31IUTI011ia-3U13JU03-3lvitylu9 Vl.ff.

2517 ibtnaijniJBiniflviuii^UYhlvT^^

U3-3lfl3W5n^lVIEJ01l!s5n 3JUian3^0Ul03W5flS)0'3EJni3l^1EJ34in^U uativl3^iuQuihnum3i.atY)vn3 anl3j,uiuii3i%ani0umQ<i^33ijivi'f z

,

an03-3 3^iavjai1auv1m3JiiJ3^i3iJ3tivifi^-33iJ3J30n0nYia0viaiEjaEJi<i if

1

iiiu 3lviu^u9ii>3il3tmfi3Jinv1^0luTan ^luiw-fjinfinrntesjicu 2 ivii Da-30-3i3j^ii9uuasna<iYiviaulvi^T0 3^ial3J3laiui3iJa0#iriTfni3aan LVI31!«l03|B333JVlty /lT3!sWUlvla9viU>3 «-) .31^-300 1.700% Yin03W3lEjl0

xUJvjanii3iEj^iEJ iJ3tmfi0naEjWiQsa34at;aiEJ^^i9u0a-3v1<)iaia3JiavJ tfiwmmAiwiimlilili^ 1/

i

,

m QUUU31^ai9uil3«LYIftvl3lm3n3S^1EJ31Ejl0La'331EJYla'0 9

luTanEjniQuiJi<)iJ3sm0luvriiliiavJ3niiviiuu isla-slvity «•) i^ilefaEJiivia-s L^a3jTvi33jaui9uv1a'sa3^7jyvii^03jai3v^0ifU0^inEJiiavj00 aviBviaidau

^i<mu§h Ta"mmi0n iEjnmil3viaiijaiffEj Iitaun-3m3l#aiuisi3|n,a 84

gfa03U!

is

is

i

is

aTtftym?33J Ll3Jll1-303-3^-3lVia,1UU^tanil01J-30Q^O1VJ1ia-30'313jai3413O

lum3ia'uvJ0iiaaiias0'3i3ja'una'uiuluivi0ma34i0n3ia?(Madi Gras) ni3i0uiwf3Jih 0n3i3Jvi3W3iiiajiufiiaanfifjviriivii0u <] mi muvl i0*4a-3iru

aiQB i03a-3vivi'JLiajsiinvj0uaa ii9ini3v1nEjl09i30ua0a-3 Iwfoonai 30 I

Is

9v1wiU3J1li-3^Q11J31^aV19iWUin3EJVia^3EJl-3llW0

iih (Peru -6.6) iil3i9uvl0uvjii3«30ulviEJ3Jiniiuvia-3^inuiEjn*i Yinmil lLUTU1VIU<l^aLa3JVlU-3«B-3lliEJuT0EJin'.Lll3l3l3QUv1 6 SIOUIEJU 2545 tl

t

§3 The Mystery of Capital vi33 "0^i3JaaiiTJ3-3Yiu" 3jinalvi0n3J a^i^iinliui^luviu^siasju^ auvi3viejl9uviu ii0^iuQ00uu3liiaW0vjai034in0-3^iss3,iul0siinijvi'iviinw

luyiu-3^3^3 "00uati0an-Ylman0SJ}i3" •

t/

. riaufeQQ9JJU3J1l9uil3SlY10lll3 0UU0UlirillUUl9u313EJB333J ti

Lniii3-3iii'.au0i«if-3Lia3ja-3via>3vivii3a'iiJuivlEj-3 168 0ua"i3Ji3ai3iuujs

n3-3VfVJ3U0imi 80,000 0ul0luQUv1 16 Yjqfl^niEJU YJ.fl. 2075 Wi-siiai 159 9via<lSlinQUVllll3l0l3n31^Un-3QUvl3lni3ia3n0-3ll3tB1U1l}ll0013J 11

3JB333JU74JUU'3ll3t?lJ1Blll0Ejlu9 YJ.fl. 2523 Lll33llbsriU1lhj0 101 0U l9uYlVI131J1-3 VJai33UlJ1-3 a*QU3Jin3Ejl0l^U1Uimitm3ril£jT3U31U1^ II

IsJwnginmmuuau Lfi3i^n^i0n3Ejlu3l3iJ3-30uivlEj<ina34Lan *| lutfoaran 12 9v1viVn3L9u35ina03-3^0VI1EJ YlVn3l334l^uTEJU1EJa"-303JUEJ34T0EJEl0 nVmlvrcy «") 3J1l9tt1l3-33^ LU3-3^inv1vlinU3n 90% 0n3EJluril3J31l3-3 0UlvlEJ-3 2% YIVn3<B<l9l3<ini3lJS3lJvl0uf<lEl0l3,lvify ^ 3J1lllJ-3lvi iJ3sanflttYh?m?U3i^a$a*w73f34wa^ V

atf

4iu?v>Himwa$aawmeiz®ii>uulfiwmAuuuiiJsxviutiM

03. lsC3 Uty341

85

uTgJll1EJa,'3U3J1Oll3J^tLO0^1O0'3134^-3l^0 L^lsJUIU^Uia YlV113OVJljdlO13El0O^O131ia-3l3O1fU,UUVill0-3,1EJ3J1O ll0O131J3Vm

^0O13L3OUUEJ1Oe1-3 UatT03-3ni3LlUQlJ3S111UEJ3JUU3101llVJ-3ll9iVUif13EJ

l0wavn-30iuLfiTU5os) ivl£j-3l3Juiuwawa09ii-3 <n l-3a0a-3aEJi-3a-3iiaiii Ll3J0a3J1YlV113^tlJSl0OUL3-3lLatflUO^O131l1-3dQulvtl3O1fU 11910113-1

l^EJVn£jl0LO01IUlia'. luif'3-3UU3lQOq0 2 3EJl-3lO0UUs2f-3Ylll%TW L03W|o^Da>3iil3^u0aau ^03113103-3110-3^-3^^01330^10^ I

Is

_

113-3lll33T010O911 liaiJlll3OOsJlL03J0'3EJ31O10lu3JVna'3JV13llll3ll3'3U 91

tl 1)

1

^UYhlvhJai^QYiisia(anchovies) viiej1iIvi3J0 a0aiviO333Jilaiilu

*2iv33l0'313Jat1fl74)El-39iaill303-3a,3Ja'aiEJ ajsUuluii'.-3ilaiEJii3<i35iiia VlVl139iaO110aU91'U1ia-3351liaViaL33U Lll33EjlumiSlfl314-sftafl0O3EJ ad

II

tl

«j

3EJT331EJll3-3UaEl3J3ll3uffi3tm

3J10'3O1330ll3J1l0lvl3013jWaLa3Jiavl UllliftallSJ11910LIEJO 11

•

W-303JaEJl-33ULl3-3 LO0Oa34OaO13TIEjlvify 1 4-303EJ^3-3VliaiEJVl-33^1lia nas;0ii3ja'>3ii'jja-3iiiuL3la-3 S-3walviiil3vi9jjuil3Jl0iLas0naEJlufiiQis tl

i

t/

tl

I

o-3a34a^aiEJViaiEj03-3 3|iJiaviai3auYlLiii3Jiaia'iiJ3vii3iJ3sm0otet vhatl3l00miYivii33Jioun a^u34inEW3J09s^%aLiataLi03"ruisi il3tinuimj0 4 0m-3il3Ss<2n«ifuiaaolviii3Vii3il3tivifi^io9 vi.fi. 2523 ooiJ^im ^aiuiJ3t:aii9^vni3a-303viiriiia>3^ vn^luuu0a-3aE9hi.v^ ini9ia-300viaiEj 9

03tvi>3iia!si9u 1 lu 10 na-3ai7jyio3Yl9ii3Q^a'ioa(lnterpol) la'a'i imaE ll4O1Qtl1fUUni3Vl'9iJU1lJ3t;LV10EJ33Jri3EJVia-3

lumw (Bolivia -5.5) ii3JnEjl003vn0uluib-3 30 9^isa0a-3 Ul'sJIOUO U9iTliaiTEJEJ-30<ia'tnU^0'313Jl9uil3!slY10vlEJ1O^UYla'0 luYililBi^^il^tol^aEJi-siviuEjQiiuu oi3VJ9iJuiiiaoTiiaiQEJi9uliJl0fiau 9

86

ffa®3U!

wmoa'iuvi&iYm.sl^slYi^ ^ 03JOlLaUll3WU L^ulsjllia'llVl^lviT^YlllvlTlJanEJEJIO^U lJ3JsQ00ia03 u'<mluih<3iQai 157 9^iioQUYiTijailEJi9uiao3iif0i>39 vj.0. 2527 TuanEJ9i3-3m3feKii3iiil3sinmJl0EJ ii9ivivn3iJ|p9i.i-3192 03-3 via-3snn9

VJ.fi. 2527 YlVI13l3Jll{p9iaO ll9l0-3l3jlliLVI31t;l3J9ia-3O13lJSl9i VI1O0-3l9u lYJ31Sl3l3O-303UUUYlVn33J3-3M Tl)aLlEjl03EJ1-3l3 *-

ft/

'

ft/

«") JlUL0314|O^33mi3lYJ31,sT113Wa0ll^

OllNWa0aul,0 31£jl0alQulvi7^3J1^1OO13Na0luT001<aOl9uQ0q01J1l3-3EJ1 ia"VJ9i0T0L0U O13Wa0lllT001Ua^EJ1ia'Y^00a'31-3^7^Vi1YI-3lu01Ua<-303J Liat013L3l3-3 a"-303Jl03jllJ0QEJOa3JW3l3YlBY9aLiat0113jda%aUY13O^3J

L1JllljluYIOllDU-31ia<l3^lJia UaOS11OUU3lUEJ<ia'31<)9riJVlllu01U0Q13J a^3Jv^ufewQi-3il3t;m0L3laa'vi3ji o00U3EJi-3viuolvuaowa0 oi3ilninl3i3j Ulllldl]tlJVn0U'.1-3>31Us2J-3in-303-3^-3OQ1 30% Tliail£J3lll3KQ9iEJT3U1U lu0iui1uivla6ff-39viu<iai^a'-3O-3 24,000% Yiilvtfiiu3owua0aoYiOQU t)

9

1/

1

Liat35iJia^ii9u03-39l0iaiifiuEjaao^ioBuij03L9uiJ3^i 03-3vm-33jina 00fluEjaao6-3 6 0Q^-3iviioiJil3i^i0lwmtij03liiataiuiiiYi3l0iLYiifiii 1 II

1I1YI

a'/iivjiiiuuuYiilwoi3U3vii3il3t;iYi0EJioS-3iiai;a'<i03J0O3Ejlu tl

WUUa-30TI34ll0OllEJO O333JO334OU0OUViy0-31U a*QUll3t^mi3JOl0U111l'3U 9

I

Is

ll3tYl'a-3L3la3JUia9i0-31lll3U3J1l1ia-3 O13ll3JsYl<3-31l1-303-33UU3<I^UlO0^ai^a

3l0U01EJLiaJsU10l^ll^1,UiU341O 3|lJiaYlV1133JoteBTWll3-3lv1ail311lll313J a*QU3|lJiaVJai3aU03-3lJ3tO10l^O/]VI3J1£J/11QtftOl%uT0EJLfta 29 91303-3 013Yl9JJU10aEJVia>fla-3TlJa\^

03. la"3 utyan

87

a'sma (Uruguay -2.9) vj.fi. 2516 i9u9vlYivn3il|p9i03-3 a0YI1Ejlu33OQEJ YM13llO033-3ll3lslYlfl3EJ 12 9o3UYhsEJ33jlvmai33U

U3VH3ll3:,lYlfl3O033 ^^EJYlYillwYIVI13lJgQ9ll0LLn1031^0^vlaEJlua'/llVJ ioaiia3ja^aiEJiia!sWo'3oi33iEJO,30Qi3jl3Ja'>3y3EJi-33ULL3<i suvlra II

as VI i •

1

,<)

**

**

**

' A

33OQEJl3JU1^K0OaEJma"/11V^llJUUULVJ31Sll3SlY100-3aEilJUv1uYl«tf>33l * " tl »u

liuvliaioi^uiaEJsjioiuao^iolsJviun^iLaslsJfau^ 3lvm0U303-i *

9

a'3J1J3m0QEJYJ-3ViryiLVl3J1IsllO,O13iaEJ-3a0'1 im33OQEjl3JOaiU0Ul9uim . T

I

as M 2sas

as1

A

M is

i*J

gd

EJL3TJ3T3 90% Via-3l031Jl3O311fini3,3O'3EJ3J31Ejl,0aEj miOmsK10LVJTlIs0ai0

luEjT3ll0a-3O13Wawa0^1OQQliaSllOKl9u^1UQU3J1OYl-3lu3llll3<)lU3 VIVMliai,mi aEJ1-3l3O013Jima3OlEJllli-3L9u 2 dlEjlu01UO13L3l3-3liat3JO 1l0llEJ<lOU3ULl3-3O-3mYlia'-30313JOai-3L3l3<IOUl9u3SEJ^ «] luir>3 70 9via-3 1

11

<\nnl0i3O3iu' 1/

•

\A

s!

J

Via<)^inUU1f1Q33OQEjl03^1)3H0UVIVl-3(Zf-33l0Q13Ja'13J13Oa'<) 9 9

eta 9 9

aj

U3Vn3lhislYlfl3EJTJKI 26 9 l1lia'13J13flEJ9la'-30313JOai-3l3l3<IUa!sVJ9}JU1 v

t

L033^O^lljl0aEJl-33'30mO,3UYl^tiu§Q0lu9 YJ.fi. 2472 3EJ1-313O013J 0313Ja"13J13O1l3OLinari-33430O0OYia0lTlvtin'3a3OQEJ aEJi-3vmo%3i9u

0UlVI911l3<lll^vna'13VJ0l<UL'3ai9i3341 •UUfla L1i1O391-33Sslllia'Qa'0O13

a^o03J3EJio0lviima3OQEJ l«di^«iflH*fii^iJtt?Miuiia«MuiJiuiiylu 31,01^-3 Vi3aa'Qa'0O13lu01U3OW1VJEJ1UiaiLaSO13lJ3IsOU^-303J 11/

(

iwftjimiuqzfiNmtfaifMSj majmvhjfi^imtir&smmfaimiMu

L3l3l03WmTaOl33J0O9il3EJl<131EJLl3-3lu9 YJ.fl. 2473 3|llia 33OQEjl3J3l31Ejl0VJ3^1EJl9u0,ia;3a'0O139il-3 *1 V1UY1 0130VmEJ3JaHi lia^13Vl3JYWj03lO^^ •

ti

lteanWl^aWiliJ^n^^ U3V113lJ3SLY10l9u3SEJt *] vil3JOai-3Q-3QU1l3>3fltyvl1U 3lllllQU0130301331EJ /11Ejlui3la-3lO01IU WOa013TIEjtel!3ULl3-3 3Q3Jlfc)013sh aOVJI^liaK 88

ftafl^U!

1l'3J^W111Q33OQEJLiai;iJll9il<)lJ3JsLYl0 Lfi33^1JiaVjaL3auUiai3J13OlJ311jl0 Yivii3OEl03iuisiLLa^TiiJiiinuoT3Ti3oi3TiEJ3EJ 12 9 ^vioaTmen via<mo9

Y1.fi. 2528 33O^EJOailllll^3Jsll3UlJ3tini3lll0EJ3O0?<l LL3J0Q13JLL0OLLEJO lua<-303J^ul3J3ULL3-30-3LL9lri3U LL9ioi3VJ9JJU1tJ-3L9ullJ3EJl0L^3-3^1LVJ31Is 3J30O0OY130S11O300

Inaamvu (Colombia -0.1) luih-siiaiiosii 200 9vk9uibSsiYifi

L3031H T0aa3JL9EJ01-3O1JlJ3tlY10Lv1aUlJ1UY13l3|lJiaYlV113LvlEJ-3 03010^3^1-39 VJ.fl. 2496 - 2500 lL0Uul3Jl0V13\l1EJ0Q13J'31ll3tLY103l0'313J

3EJL§UL9u^1l01l3JlliaVJai33,W 03-3#13jri3UYIVi13ll|p0lu9 VJ.fl. 2496 VJ330 ni3L3la-3 2YI330lvi?jy3lo#0llEWOUaEJl-33m^ *] Via-3^10YlVn3fm3^U1^1#fa^

«] LllaEJU3Jllll9u0^13jtf0llEKI3.^11^^ O3-3l^3W03-3O13LllaEJU3tllllO13llO033-3LLatW01EJ1La'V^0031Ejlvity <?]

0113JEJ1oWluifUllY)3mO0^inYlYho^

Lv1y<ma3Jl0EJQl9ufo3EJYhlvma-3T^3te^

0Q13J%3%alua-303JLLlJllL^1O3t0O01Ylllv1oi3Wa0EJ1ia'VJ00T0L0UL9u

30a'1VIO333JYla'31-30Q13J313QEjlvilLO311lryiO3W3l0'313JOai a'13>l13O'tal0 IS

I

I

I

Yl-3Oia-30'ULLais3YlBVJaLVIU33t;iJlJ3111O13 03isTK)l3l331'3 10 9miai

ll3SsB1U16U0H3<ll0a33JL1JEJnnvtl3JL<!lia'V13g*1 LVJ31Is3la1'3ULOEJ11l3v3 II

ad

OllO1301EJ1La'VJ9l0 O-3DU10luL033-31JU1l3-3ll3JsB1Ulill0EJ-33lEJ1LaVI00 ^o^auaEJ 1

11

luibonai 30 9viwtu3ji l0aa3JLiJEj^0O3EJliwmssa-303i3j 11

Oai-3L3la-3^-3ll!sYlUUL9u3tEJt °} Ylllv1oi3Yil3J1VnOUEJ10aill10 LUa-3^10 O13Wa0LLaSs01EJ1La"VI910L9umn333JW0O2VI3J1EJ. 31Ejl0^1OO^O3334UU ^-3l3J3Q3JaEjlu0QLaiJ31Ejl0ll31sinii19i WL?EJ'.'B17AJll3IsL3luOU'31 a0?11ViO333J ti

n

~

t

O13Na0LLaJs^1V1U,1Ejl0L0ulvi74J3Jin 3T. 60% 1ia-3ll3Ss1111iU3l31Ejl0aEJl-3U3EJ 03. T,Sf3 UQJ8J1 9

"t

89

alQUVlU-3^1OO^O3334lOEJ'3OllEJ1La'YJ910 T33JOULLaQ31^^>3ll<lTn 25% 113-3 31Ejl0lJ3tmin0 9^UO13^tv1UB-3Q131Ejl09l30U1IUVl33a-3luii'3-3L'3ai 30 9^-303U1l1-3EJ1O i-3flLlU,U3U03T0aa3JL1JEJ3lYl-30'313J31T3EJ ^-311^10-3330341

lu3llna-30On3JVI3VI3lluL3l3-39il-3 «1 LLaJ50'313JEJ1O^,W,3ULLVI3Viai£JYI-3lu 91

91

•

LLVia-3L^a3jTY13341ia-3l3l3-3LLaKluirUllYl

T0ija'3U,0^i)9wYiaJ3s^n»ita33^d3si,Yi0*WYi1u,ai,s43nit0

aWtadHU^^nflaiafm uul!a sjfniu&a&aett ijA3im<wiia*ja'iJitt

^3|ui^^nl^'iyadi^^3gj^3i£Ji!>6is;iiaajlml£iiJi£j()iU'3il3s;5iiuy^ fawSlustt sjidmvl&fN i>(,as;»03iaji,(,0nuEintulf40»ja'<a aHtinnimm 91

91

•

i|

o/

Ln^v^unuam^i^iJi^0l^^LLynldaaniia^l3t9uLVt0ii>6i^as;l3Liluw6i 9

1iai9uibsiYI0l0EJQYlTJ3Sa^

LQai 30 9v1wiU3J1 VI1OL31^t0Qia?il3^llwaiJ3ta'lJ0'3134a,1L3^ llsi^£JYiL0U Yl^0U1^^l9u3i:01l1)a-30Q13Jfta9sia^-3^aMaEJOQ1ll3^LYI0YlYV91JU1LiaQ l^EjfjO 9^uai^OaiQl0Q1^al3J3lT3034^l3-331EjW<l03J l-3crmi3fivfami

9ia3Jll0LL3JlJ3SlY10Lv1aUll1U^Sa34aO0aO0aiUO013J

90

ftaflqu!

fl10

2

:

YI1-36l3031l1ia-aii ingj

04

as

*f iH fl/o/

aM â&#x20AC;¢

>

a<

ifia&mizwulilmww&wfivxaii&fi'iti flaiflasfflttsiaWfm... "

13. Ifl3 UnJJJI

93

urm 5

^in§j§j§ja^a^^QiaiiniQmifjij^Qi§49i,wlf^

Wl1JEJU0^TI3Jn3l0Q13Jlv1u9il-3OUlOEJQOlj9YlY<a^Ufl1aUYlTlYl0EJ Oa0OlJ3SLYI0lYlEJ U1-30UUaOTl9 YJ.fl 1762 Ll9ilJ1<l0UElu£lU'll9 YLfl. 1780 imlviEJiy-slsJsloiyiiiiEJu^^^

I^Sl^flia^ilJ^lluib-SUUBim^^ 1,000 9lia-3 itelYlfllvtfy *] YllO01luluYI1-30tQU0O1ia-3Yl1lJEjT3lJvia-3^1Oaimi^O3 i33Juiia3ja-3 iriu a-soqw frBoifia' miJmiaisTibsuoa' slaiaajiooTi lJ3!slY10lYlEJlJ3JsLY10atViaiEJ33Ej9 lJ-RJlYlfflViaiWlJlY^TuTaEJNTvllOEJlU

0nU33OOai<)liaSO1&3'EJlu3.^^ VI1O3Ja<l^1Ol]si^EJYlvillvtLO00Q13JLl0O9il<llu01UO13LOy03 l£3-3lYI£jl3J9il-3mJE/l3lJ3J10U0W LiajsLaEj-3Lvl3L9uaivn3Liajsl^-3iul0 irii3EJU3mJao#iQiiasiaEj-3aVf mi is.

*

ti

ti

vwiiaisVmoiSa^u a,QU0QiEj4oi9ua'0Qa,i074JYl<ilu0iulmuaiias; Is

,

Yja>3-3iuuu3lviao5iuQii9ua'0'3^a-3ouiia-3iaLfEj0tQuaaoL9stEj-3l0

%SUUll33VJ1J3W1)a-30ulYiy31^3^OLaEJ-30'31Ej|,UL3<l iniEjJlllllEJUQf .YnmJaovlif mi fotfialiasfniniaEj vi333JoiJoi3iaEj-3&?n tiru livju

HOE VI3JliasraiOim0i,QU33OOai-3 a,QU34l4-3L9ua'0'fa'lfltVYl-3lu01U O13YI1<)1UlLatO13a'-3031343loU|1Ull1UL03J3EJluLLOlJiaL^EJOai-39iaOll yl3ll0.s3u33OliaZOOU13J1iaEJ-3T0^

O13l^3J1LLYi3O3^1EjllJil>3EjT3lJwiUEJlU0^U33OOai<ILliuOU luib-3100 '

ibsiYifilviEJUU 034Ytvi3ja-3Toaiiaoi!-3oa' iiiu(Genghis Khan) lif 94

|ta09U!

na>3^TAi3jni,Su^QvianliJ?n?iup>3yiu^tQuaannai<ivi^^inlli?ri?nu lija^uuai

<at3uaannm<iianua£jliaiijarn io.ooo ilajiuaQ ftsuwf-munij

^iQEjI^iJilium^£jfiinwiiri'5'53jluiQaivlriil£jnu dQuwiawo<asiu'aan tSy>jl^uuM^mnmifa>3ni?mi^^imu^uanTiQ 2,000 tMauT

flwnstawlMiJYm 1 niranyiiini^inTawilil^ri'i^fiujiu tfiuwauiQuvianiiviSMliasro^umwajnaiiviaaiwmlilift&ma&J"wau

luiila<RUiiatluanm'i3m3j'im rnwiftamifrciNtfifoylklum^aem

m3\}^z®^mm\mm\u\l w.ff. 1835 im mwlTUummiMtJUit>azl?i •tiaiuuvi-a iw NvmYm"raaih?s 34vmYiEnaEjaan,Ha4<?ui>eii;

^viiQviyia&Jifiiwm^4fi^unauni?ria(?i<iil?t;mrflYiy

lu^au^a^u^i3Jfiiuvi<iyi'j>3iJ'5tliii|anw^vlvi£j ffa^aiwrarvs lviqjvilYi£j^Q^ur5?34^a>3ti)i3JinnQviui^in^uwQ^mn??3J%u^i^ «•) ^^ya<^ua^nia>3i^umd/iiQts^^iyiw'3itnn'5iiiaTLi^<)U'3<?iaa3J q

V

q

I

q

q

vjm§4e(?i>3auefiQlmi,fiiiLsilrflQvi?ny,wua>3<n ftauainn^rmTjjj'aayu q

q

wu^™tL^t;Tijrim^riiu^>3u>3vii^l^ui^a>3lvi£ilui]^^iJU qj

*

^tuu^nnajjjaja^aoiJttQli^is^l irian^na'm'ii.Sja^lYitj q

^^anyl§J3jnnunuejt<?iauna^iJ<jtiviftT,vitJuu TJ^iYitfaulfliwjgjui 's^viuimT.ilT.nsjj'inuaQ

G19. T,?f3 3J«y341

95

snnflauami 7 vwnemarm 2

flwiiTiYiyiijfmA vi^^invJanju'5iJj^'iuviJ3JVii?"isayi?>3'LJ'5t^i!)-| armVlvmllflaJo^ 60 1) n^tfla^smnwa^ui^ivman^siTnjYm 1 1

11

a£jsmi2unetf!jTU3j')an 155 il ^n^Lvi<5in'i'3m^firijluiJ'5™<pt"i^<5i46ija^%i uuwaui£j^«i?aL^iviauina<ii'5aauEj'3i'vityi9iuvin<iwiuLaiTfEJ9iK'3uaari

LaLwt^ikuwvniJwa'Wfrn uuiSu^QMraaumlvinj umuiim&fiEnfw

niflmaSaum'dauusrifity S^wafiQi34niQViun^a^aimn^n^m?34vig|Pi q

u^riauvi^Q^m^vmi^a^u^iiajvi^^n lYiEil^Tuff^iyimuTaS ^inauLly^nnaj^tfa-'i^iQEJ

1710 / fl.fi. 1167

: wjm-nYitnstiaanWaisi

W.fl. 1780 / fl.fl. 1237

; nafaihavifllviEjawjrr^sjlwmSuTnmu

w.fi. 1835 / fl.fi. 1350

; n-j-jtfsa^tSEnifiunnsiu

v*.fi. 1943 / ft.fi. 1405

: uiuwawa wo wa uinaowa'lilTOuavfirn

W.fi. 2054 / ft.fi. 1511 •w.fi.

2086 / ft.fi. 1S43

w.fi. 2180 / ft.fi. 1637 w.fi.

2213 / fl.fi. 1670

Vf.fi. 2308 / fl.fi. 1765 Vt.fi.

2310 / B.fi. 1767

: •BiQlihwnamjnwu'iajlvifj'

: mVlihsunaliJiiotyiiu : {frJumjIa^-iaansnnihuYifl • lYiEjla^aanq-inibtinfl

• : waa ™« lJ'SsJia^ifilaosiTslaui : iSon^-jfilafjiitrifl^ 2

Vl.fi. 2311 / fl.fi. 1768 Vi.fi. 2319 / fl.fi. 1776 W.fi. 2325 / fl.fl. 1782

: rv^iYivn irhwramu

W.fl. 2396 / fl.fl. 1853

: tyij«ii]flibj:ivififl-«iunuaujim • aTswuwuiirrsprrw^uwaursrn

Vi.fl. 2398 / fl.fi. 1855

96

sfa®31J!

: WawwWtytyuirfk

9iau^T3liJ'?<?im^m3Jin>3i^a>3lyi£jT(uil w.fl. 2054 tfu fmaj m^viuiiajaiwi^n^uvi^wifMn'«iinaij!faotluasaiwi^n?aui«Ej

a^lu'jf'j'j'ownaoivmsfni'iJuwnuEjnmylu vianaiMawi-rnlibeimef ifmYm<aaliln^uuAS£i3i|u vitoinuu^^liauwajwiwwiliJ^vi nemnouaQ fJ^i^UYin^liln^lviuviwaftauftieiuinliJno^uu ^aaa

^iQtfli]ui1yu|mfiIuTaSiJi>3ayn>3^nn^^^mliJluLSa>3iia>3i<iiT u^mtmlitausnu lunsirmmy lu^a^waulAErwajaaaufliefunvn

1,^1,u^^^^iQ^iJu^iJ^J?>3aan^nniJst;m^via>3^nniil^^ij^nQTiJ?^m^ \?\ 94 £l

^iQT,Yi£j^^^am^ii'tJi,i,^til£Ju?i,vifiIuIaSvieiitja£Jn>3qin^^

wiTM^&mffl^lYialiJw

2 aim uatyi?o

U^>3^>3^^^Ul'9u'ilUU1>39illlVlU>3l,vity «] ItfU WimsmWimw4sZf>3li!lU ^iQmnlfl&jmmflTia naueuitfiwiu *Ha^fiau(Constantine Phaulkon) aui<)l^^i,kma<)si'in^ilsivj?i?uiTi£Ju[*i sm™ in^Yiawla^aarmn

iJ?Emflwimflmmj$iju ^aumuilunsninaii 160 Lfa^nnvhriiilemj imlibqunffq

vi^^nnuulvi^li^^a^i^iynij^^ua£js<iua5i,ni^^,3i3j

ninJ^mffmauiiiuiia&j «i T^Lit^vii^nuvidi ngnwiulilanrn 95 il

^SUvi^mtwdiAtyinAroi vmfiawN^ in® ihsvwjima^miavh diLf^lu^>3^1yiya!jlu?tviQi>3^iJi^£jQnij^3Jiayn>3Lfaj^u^ulu^f(^ *i

* •

1/

•

1/

lYiyi^um^a&jsmiSuraYi 2 uaKyitJiilawa^jj'iw) tu ttwbuij? «

q

q

«

iTiajiflAdamjfrl^am^wfoanfmm^

inehwia^vi'Jitasluil w.fl. 2398 ^islviyawi3jlu^tyTjyinmiQa<)rit]w %q <\iawu, mi?>3(John Bowring) lua^iuum&ja34#^?<m^Yil

WftoiffoitJlmj iyijutfi&UJyiniJWBiNVmriauLTi 2 tl iSuvivh to?. T.SC3 utyan

97

&ain^Qituflvmai'?wuliuni?3A^jBT534U^ibt?niTiJl<?ialuuuQiHm nu^BTsajuEyua^ftvii^aujIm lu^nenrm 80 ili,?3j^nn<?iauMl,viEJi,^yn?<i?i1ayB£jii.Lat q

q

w§j^ iww lbsln^iraaj^mlauiUi 3J"iimfla3J£JTia4 T4 uu pJ^ ihsAi^i,fna<ran^mnn3j-i&j irtu ima>aflufli£j(imam?nu) ifna^ilu

IvIfl^tfnEMnqi*) ?tilvJT^Ej^n'3l,2ima>3^n'5T,aun(<jJiQa>3nqw) i?nao tntn#iQ(imaimnu) uat?tuiiImi,aiiT>vlvli(^ma>3nqu-) v^uuiij a mej uastyijuiflflihsivietfmeJ^aatiioi<?i3JYianm>3 ^l^lv^L^umdy^a^^ivin??wu^Qlu^m^i?iueiiifBiJu&j<)ayT,UEJfi v

«

q

•»

q

«j

«

irm<3T5nr?3J ^>3ansioiwQniniljjifiQlvi&ju^^i'3i3^!^<3^^^?^^ ifila^i^nstifupJ^Wv^lmQ^iQai'uu ? rinwaiJfwiluQnlYimfluitaiMff

riawWi Yhlvfarnlviatj^Slam^fiufiQivifawnwnvianoyiLn^neforf ^inuvifi>3aum?i^gQvWWini?^aNj6^f)^^wyyiyjayi>3a^j^(?)QiiJW^

^3>jHnaiuiuwa^jjf)Q?wa>3^Tnn,aw>3^«^tSuvjanuw^>3ni/3?

n'au^lq^^(?)ma£/ivjawl(^ffTilq dQu^u^oi?i£jSfni3jm/3Viuivn>3 Qvimfna<a4uasfi<flttaniiliio^^ v

q

q

dQufliJu^naylu^<i^wfiQiwtSu^iliuy'}j^winivi?isvia<i^iri imladfcaanliJulrj utfudATMj'nTjm^ vnnn^uliJl^iiJiSuanQ'DVianiifui.li^ fhurt'N'Hm^nwiflUfmYm

QviLiiftn^fl^mQviuia&i^^aiua^ ni^vmvima&Avity «] taalvfrn? m^Qniilulil^Qy<:iQi3j^(?i/3nueit<?iaiua>3Ci<iiJU AwncmsvaWmvi 1 via<i^iiriiilv?iil?t;mftfii'iiiynyfJ^arifi^

lull n.ff. 2396 fB^^^^^^^nni?<?ia(?immftIuT^y^ia>3(!j'?>3liJi,ilu nn?tdfYjnam<mfcl%3fuas#a<m^ tyijufea-im so ilnf(ijji?niJ*njLilayujiui,ft^fi^teiif^ uufia tSi|mlffn£j/n<iAivn<imfiTuTaS waoi^ufiia^ftivim^WaJuaEiviuifJ^

u^ttilu34Viiami^vii>3i^^n^^u^nviiyfJ?>3vl<?iam>3i^3JM 98

§ta@9U!

lumu^a>3linEJiJ?^ftif<^4ii<)dni>siw<i^uini?mi*<?i'j<?iaT.iJ T<fim&wism?auii?fuuT^

^1^3Ji^nnni^nai>3^i<i^>3u^^ni?f(?i>3?tiiij^eiil'5tviiu yvmfriflm m-aVJ^unnaolvi&j^SftQUfisiEJiiaoaTfwuliuiluihouu' ai^uliu-i ilnfna4<mmtiiaiiitesfinihJl<?iEj w^iwaiui^iSuirnl'SLi.^tiwiiiilff^T

iiuiei&rm ^una«wa>iT^iwu^^i3J^ii2u^s)t^a>3il^Lilayujiuift7u^nsi ^a>3il7sm^iiasd>3i.^3jnn?^uia^ftnvin^§ja&Ji>3siii,'5<i wnsvnnwn

Ti^y^inm?ni^iiatiay>3^'3Lua>3^in^ufin,iia>3isiji tmi imsna 4mkvNei' iiuunt luaunsuasiuafoSjnfnstt lu^Enm^nLm^^n-aiiufiivianiiavi

IviyWleiuriim atii>3l?n^ijj^a«ima^ufintnwa?vin<?ieii^£jin,iiu il?s^QiiiT\iai4^ufiuii?3^

iJs^nuy^sjil^malfiua^un^iiiaviii^^njJViniftTbiJ^^u mTW3miiia<i aTf^u^uiil?tefiii]tyvnTiEJi.L'?>3«iJUtfatJ«"] ^ulu^^^liaotwfqjnu^nijjaaj ^tenEJ^ns"n^4luiiYi^ 4

flwnemfuluimvi 1 riau^£jfnJ5^a<?ie(ivim'53j iiuwayto

ifl^ffamsusmanlAiiri •ssinjwaiflutfhM aeki alto -nuTwauluil n.ff. 2319 foT,^a>3miiJflsnAi?^ayYim?J^

rnflianrnwi^uathvuliaM^

oiaajiiUa

nTOJjptta^sfwrTOjtfil^^^ uiamnumminmim fmei *n4n uas vJl<?i?n la^ine^ lefuaiHail q

w.fl. 2391 WaniilaauliAfeimfiaajfb^

mwrenaigfil uulia Iwiffigwhliftfln^ fiavwfll^frasiSuvivmwre^^^

vmrmu^a^^iinrsammmu ^i^uismiiuuQltaulift^uS vj.ft. 2460 ®s. T.gf-3 ijsyan

99

ai3J?mgi*jf?fn£jT,uil vi.fi. 2472 unliJejuuifnialtalviA ^aw ujutJa ifm^(John Maynard Keynes) wajwaanajiiliail w.fl. 2479 luwwilaSa The General Theory of Employment. Interest and Money ~~~ p~' IwiminyiiSa^en^MaiiniNiaj

ii5JuuQ^^i,vidnu^^ft?aiifis^ir3a<irii'5Ti£jiy(?iQvii<)i,fi'3W|n^ aanmiiluiviL&mmumznwajmftTiuhnmM 2 niwmmzud

wanmjummw^flitfmluvauuu Iwunrmiwwwwi^wffwnTJ*/ \u\}?zw\fl®auw<mui\$niiv\uiwummn\^^^

m<iaw^vim™ttdi^\,ftuti%<imv\iimmiu$tiu am<il?nen3j urmsnuii.ft'mjn^msuffvianajn^fiQiaj^v'iuflnrin>anulu<flnui)a>3Qi!fm d<Mwunm?aflmvinr5Nayim ui<i^m?fuaT.maanw^n^,ua<jne(ivinT53J

iv5tj>3in>3,?JUv5iaEii>3i^§g^(Big Push) luDfUi^inofiuiflual^viiviaiy «•) •am>3lilvnaunu(Balanced Growth) in^^imiat^faenAtiaaan ifiutfi$ramflaaunT5Ti£n&j<?b(Export Promotion) tuumsmrMfm imial#ai^<asn0jiiy1uI<amiVfe Substitution)

mnvi^l^nijlviyL^^un^isjuuQft^nisuffvi^nvi^ajj *\ nu uulia ^a^mtifoamiaflenvifmaj ufl£fnmifln<m<)nuturiyasiayA

.nawrm

innvislmuuni?wanv5fua<?i£:(ivin'n3Jiii>3^u(?ia£Ji<iL^3J^ mi

^ona iviannehuasmwawa vi^a3jnlj§Jv3si^(?iai(?if{<iaani,9uvi'3^n'? lunsntf^ffurovanmawanflum^

ii^tmfiluTsSl'waJayioilaj^ stouT.iimuufliuflQiajgtoAfwinn'h Lv5i£ji?i,iAiTt<?iiufnijj£;{3j(?ia^aomfia9ifnvin??3j /nmnwemiat

/iifimiYia^mm uaminuWlu0ium?aflenvinT33J Iviuiuwnwtwivifliim ni?uimi9unaiuiuriauvi^i^iiJ^£ju§Jiiiluni'5wari^uni?^<)aan 100

£fa®9U!

iyiuwmJ?3jmsncwaom>3mvn iilu

^anuiunau^sSniTw^uiuvis<ia<?icti,wri'5?jjTOl<?iyi>vi,^i^ wu lu/vm

asnuaarraa-nhisiYifi T.vigjeli^^ini.ni'Mltliadi'ay^tuii.^i.'smtiulail.vK ito^iju iTifijI^viTwmntiviEMrn 0.27% fla*watt/fai«iunayj*raa* lJ'ssiyifTmanTn^ouaKwwui dQuinivia<l<?fl^lua^Ti^n'iiuuil?s;3jim 10 mi

mi^?iilu^nuni?ini!i-9i?i?nLuuni^nm>3ni>3iN>3maw^"5i,w4B

imu^ftalvm «] atjiSunaiuiu wiu imTwei aa&j Ifiiiteimaij&u fhiJ:™& ftauWiunrrria^

wiu mmnei ^?STi^u^sTiirifustfimi,3unaiuiuriau^^i,ilayu3jniilu nnrHa>ammuiiiiniTiNnwauvi£Jau1,^<?ii34,?fiEjyiKL^uat;fiL,2in foumrwoiui fimuvtauajilviaj T^aiftvnsmiflTi^amuTiwnNauvioaul^yiwtin'ji 1aa?K)(Resort)

tu QuumyiriiJ^u^Qinifi^n^a<3mivi^feijiLi<?fQ<5'3(?im3jin ^uviwuivfufJ^Yn^^iuafliflivinTsaj viw^inuuimviallflwnnwidyft fli^smiiaaavreaflRuarm 3 aai^ifijj/nflriajwTisMitfijmflviwui <U

qj

qj

lYiWIuTaaluQiuulfiia* S^liJndiuuinivialwEj^mQviuiyi^iviaajfJ^

T,u^"ium'3?:{?i>3m?iIuTfiSviuBQ?i'3n'5'53j tf^suVliJdm?il|plien>3riavliJ iia«rialv(inwfiauanTi 4 M

enu mej IwnjfmNfnwwAiJviiw l<?ima,vns m®nun"mjm£j<?n

iiaKni^itlawiTm^TvaYi'vaifi'sujn^ lutfwnsnrm 40 iNnmuvuruui Huwuvi«MuiifTwjn^iiwuii'5n(vi.fi. 2504 - w.ff. 2509) <\iu3Jifio<?iau nan^a^uwuv^uiaiJim 9(w.ff. 2545 - vj.fi. 2549) flulyiaSmulfl eiafimvwwm 4 mi(fiiu'3wTw£j'l§w'3vaiiriy<l«9iafiw«Baji5Uifii?Tan

ira«awrii3vu,vlaii&3!iui«i'5nai'3s<vi^p amiSuuualilaff) inwrenmi a^fniaj^iffiylm^iiJiEJiJtvlaija^in'm 40% flaMawftiwunaTMJ

«?. Itf-a ijqjsn

tor

i,vraaivl£Mm io%lu^m^nT^^^ivifrn§jmwfiQi3J^i^tysiinriQ 20% i9u 45% uasffiTwmnivwjwiTro 40% iflu 45%

adn^n^i«^i«^ii.fq%«ttw^Iw^'3i^sjTiai£i^£i'ii wMmwha

i,«a^ltjgjwIam§(^uild^iin^vlfu^84ini,baswin!lty,wiliau^4iiT,^ li)m?unl^adi^t)n^a4blia^ii^^£bluliJviiJQ^^ii^'3eifi'ai3Jsi»jg{siiEJ flanaasHuaialm

dyivI 6-9 ^snanQnv3ivi^i]^^wiT.mn^i]qjviilu 4fawhtsriu f\a (1) fliufnn^vWnii&MQAaaw (2) ehufniajefovWrnj^iteiYiff

(3) ^nufnn^laJi.iluBTjjjlu^^fiaj has (4) flTumwwjiwmNftaawntM •flaomwa^

102

stae^U!

0-3

. T,Sf*3 UnJJJI

703

umi 6 m^adadi3W<mai£J SI

v

t/

I

%f

^ft34lvi£jlfeiiijQi^i^i.?(?34i^u^t?34ria?i<iiJ?jimft ^jinsu9u

WQn>3ulEJiii£jmafi<i^5ytyiuiustu?^^<iWiJsl^/iifii,an«u «b<r9u w^^udnsi^Yina^vilalaJuataEJi^ yauliAuafunwei-sfmaj fiulviywn?i<ini'3i]ni,v1aunv1^u3Jil§ilanv1^u^!iia&j'3^<?iQ lutf'Miwn n

m-3vman>3m>3ihi9uliJam>3ih «•) mTi^iuQuibsffimmamlNT^mun tua>3^iri£jiuatrii'3?rii*i<iNyiiJiaEJ'3^ii^il'5t^vis/iiiN vhlvYbei/iyteii iMTOfnuuasfMfbuajinaiEJ&i uan^inuumifninEjnuwiJiJisi.Yifi

wldrm^TNun

niTwnThjtiiJi!lii9wliJluawTiwii3aw^«^9iflivin,n3J ivms az

i

tj

i

ita3EJwn&jam<j Wiiajiwn^iuwihs^miwajiiuayi^TJWiTJtua^sin

ni?^n»iuasfiQi«niQviuiYiijni7uwviyi}Qo\wvii7na^?aw«iniiuiias vinfiuSaiySu'Mu lhsrmvi 2 if^^nw^ylwmwwuasmimowuljij

auui(?i6lvjcysLuv1vin<ilnei<in&jaiiu uasibtrmvl 3 inftiniami'w'MihiJiYifl

rmouwuu fiiwftwulmwmaM *] mjaiJihiwai/gnwflifywyffo fftvreiififoaan lui!^iiuumd'aSufiiawfrivinT53jaani9uvianiTi^«n

a^liJQ,iaauliJi3jawaunaun3wwuiifTjsi^^aaiw^ flufhaanviari 4 ^^a^iTilwiiriim Erwvnn fmnuasUi^n vi&qiniTMJiirowfauui

ifiTOjn^iiwuiwn imTwA NutfnJsvi&iifMflJa irtwuTlwSnm&na&fM ^(.fjgjtiluwuil^JifiauifluilQ^tufn'awi^mau^iu 104

stafl^U!

ensn 1 : GnTwiufhaafMia^lna (IhuiJTn) "W.fl. 2493

W.fl. 2509

a*

9IT3

1.672

4,001

EJi-sv^n^n

726

1.861

llJfl

257

1.315

lain

143

243

SJTUVJA

-

^u^nJsvia-a aJau.rvmasiJanm'ai

aTwiTMsia (n^&usftutviQj) W

1.520

25

-

561

1.613

21

235

3,473

14,310

8/

•^uenaamfavwei

vijji : mjjfjamn-j sniMth-jlu James C. Ingram. Economic Change in Thailand. 18SO-1970. (Stanford University Press. 1971)

ill nurmwoami t fiti* sn g

m^^iu\^luuw^a^m^nwuiLmn^n^^ULLUi^^7^hsj ^auu^ua^ili^iJn^riwvlu^'ija^'Ll-a^i.yifir^iJul.jJ^'inQn 66% djiJulaJl^ msmfUAUQYifiAwfuuu imvia l^^ihseftj^n^myn^imwsmewm

n^fiQi34li^WmQi^EJQnuuattniJiuaviilimlin'3nQn 63% Tja^vluvi ifatthswitifrnrN 2) wvi^uL^ynij<Rnyiw8ija^Lyi'3ftwyijjana5su^£jvialuLriLi

Gl^. lett IjOJ^l

105

ai^ftaQTibtmfffrlTaiwAiTam^

iJilajlvityT^^uT^n^^uuau^a^ljJSili^inun <^nuTOfluusmen

TnwvluYlililTlinua^m^ajnn l§4i%vritiv1y<i^wii]iimlQmiuu vluuau<a S^rnhlvwiwamiaWhtj ?«uuW'MYift'3Tm 2533 - 2543 itnvHiuawi iJAnih^innQim^waeiu^ i^aan

<?nno 2 ui^Qi,^,iiaBa<iil'3ti,YiftsinBi?£u?|T^Sunuu?itia^ ajniftuama^a^nn^Htviuwa^a^fiQisju^ri^iJ^viQ^ni? winna^ io

ibsMft snri^^Ta&unmiasiafiwia^m ims^a amhutaAi(Hispaniola) u^fni3JSiTfftyvnoii'3^fligl,?i4 tvinti9uwuliutivi>3U'5nv1^T9ii,vJa4 Tfiefoiifa "mmv" utawnuauwa

liJtMvniJauj^niwafl via. 2035 jnimwgTwSufivwi'uafluasihMnm 3JinnQiialiilnua'£j m 2 iJ?tiviff^iJ,?nliyT3UTu1,u(?iium'5ilnfi'3a>3.

lteiYifluinjiwftarrn ayi>3T,^oii«wuiT^Sunu3ja<)LviufiQi§jdifity^a<)iJn ^wu!uiJi^n^>3l,miQT^Su%vi£jnEJi§j?nid'nT,^iuQU3Jin stavnmwli

anuinQiaflwiunjnuia^iQu'TCEJs «i uas^fimawayWrnsaasftnu vnnlal^fm§^miraaviroTOite^ vlil?i^iEj^ofi3Jaiia>3,n'334nm

106

fifafrau!

: ihl m i a s n ai*lKitesvwm

<a-m-3 2 —

— . , . . . . . . ..--

..

.._

.- --

lhtuifi

<* i

,

,

,

,,,

,

r,

tfihfl«ifiu •/. ua$

nuioiGiaFiu

WM1l]«W1ft 2543

2S46(S)

fuim

66.1 *

34,180

iiyma km

63.3'

12.030

$uu,au<a

72.0

27,060

fhriSttM|Tfl§mfm

28.4

2,130

Igfl

3.2

400

vm

28.9 "

•

2,190

vijjn : The World Bank. World Development Indicators. 2005.

* <JrHeWija-3 Jared Diamond luvrCw^ai.la-3 Collapse lJ^ityiHiljiheiono 74% iKMiuambsivifl

** ijauBlffnSwuQTJj'iilutl 2541 majKhuIiifiu 25% ^aoiuafiibKiYimasijuvnTvbj

asia-ulau ^(^irmtMTUW&j mmmimfi-unoiaaulmi 2542-43)

uuQ^^eua^ln&j6lua^<5il3J<?in>3niJsi]av35H'ni.ali waTia-armeWlij riiai^iJnyiilwmayi'LJicija>3iTiei^a^adi^iQ^m ^nmhzsjitu 53% wuiftafi ^a^iJ^mftiijam^SuNu^ui^Tu^n^uwuu'snl.uiJ vi.fi. 2504 iviaam 25% lull vj.fi. 2541

Lu^uiJ^^iiuiriSuTyiiiy^^^Tiju^niTMifiiyili

viaauWasamuviuflih;^3J(Resorts) uasam^w^n^vi^iEJ^viwiViUTVi ^ia«3tmiilii9uiJii^i

^a&jajienrmlviaj «i ai^9a4ffuST,M4^3jmy^a<3fi3J^iEjfi^i£j nij^eimafivilai^uLlimnunijaim^n^'im iwnaiu"i«ffitfu,a:;

<as

. isft uoj&n

W7

T,li,Mit,wggiJiJU!,'3Pf?iiviis(34«|aam^li8J!,i.^^ua'3 efeytyituna^rmTnA

?i«^aayiJ?iyu?>3l^unpJuwnua<)^li^^anut9unsiuiuufjs<lu imfi^uiYbNSimauuaswu^^ i Wi>3vi^utTifjTfi^m?ilanilnjuvi^imu iwrmiJan'Uiui

^^wawinuntvititiua^ili'laj^a^a^ tiaqaviMMawjiiwufiili iiasmmzmmamzM 13% vajmamajihzmflwiiuu' infi^UiaTNTsn ?uu'uau^Qii?i^^lia>3iJaniJim«aniv)il?^^tl^fiQn§4siwe!jaiia<i

-5suuuiiflfm*n u<Hi9u^uu,uau'3ii'5i^t<?ia^iJanili3Jinndi1,uil^^iju anviai£jmn^mal^v1uviiJ^a>3iTiLl§4m^uayi<i<?iama<i

^n?iTQ3JilmQ«^ili^itJiau^Qnyiisitimaiilayui9uuin^ uatanmvivmwauviyau^imiu r\ flimJuiJia?faTran<)L9uaWhaari uasnTs^iffijjnTsvlgMiYlEJi ulmjiowfimuwlviiliinEJiaiiawa^inriQ

2.3 aiuWtuS vi.fi. 2504 iviaam 1 amMuitoiiu lhtfiEJismaWkia

wa«aniwnwi«qwniaiia'3tJuaasui^«Yl'3>jftiJViauvifa,bi iwimifi fiQi3jdifity9ia-5tiJiJut'3fiua^ni'j?nwiiu'3*aiyfl>3i,9uadi<iS<3 Mariana* mVl§J?nwiil'iifiyi.aufi<ii9u^iJ^nwaEJi>3 iw^«uaQu3afn-ain««au£in»

luwauiJaiEifl vj.fi. 2547 uufia ^wuajjamu^riasiTi^fnti'iil^nyLau Bi^oviiyuaynQiLLvia^fmJSiJiintJiauilnila^ay

iiuTumi vmuasmmUm

1u9 vi.fi. 2504 iSairiiwuwuwwuiifiTOjn^uwuiiTn uWIyiu Nihwnnrrn 27 amfiu flauu^nuQuib:^nVl&vjwm9uTrc 63 anufiu

uas&iwminaEJ «i iwja^rim^ivjasisaAawnrm 1% eiaflulh ueiuu 1 : ^in Thaioffroader.net

708

a^®9U!

06/06/2005

M^vi3jnLJfiQi3JQT34u^sa^a>3i9ufjuyriiyluauifi^aulnau wawmm Slamaivjwlua<siTiMmviTiti]^^ 2 amo uufia (1) waudWiTuTali wufiQfnnTJNfTrcvmiam^T^m wa^Tnumvimfiia<a?a™i?nnaATpia

vmBnT5^a<imtt^ anT^aj^^ vi1aaT^vl3J9nyivj'n^L'5TaT3Ji?rifiav5iuiiii?"i>3m£j(Cloning) Iquymtw Yh^aaaoermaigJiiEJ uas (2) m^imw<}ihtmfit™Tm<nu ajimiu

^a^iuQuilttifnn^ivjw^ulu^tiJsvi^uai^Swan^tviii flan™atehaiyi]TTfl&jfl?>33JTn^ m-5a<?ianvim?3Jiiai;mTHa>3m£jQ u<?ivinfiuaTi<iwan?Kviij?ia^<iuQ^aajj

vua"u wamtYiiRs^nnuaaufilmw^ mraafmifa&JviaiaaErw

vnni'5T3ja>3QTVinfiuL9uvi^wwa^ua^wmTfifi lyiai^ibtijju wan'atYiiraaoil^^nwivjsjiiuT.v'i^u

Whurmwaei m^n9u<?ia>3wa^aivn'3ivjaaua>3fni3jlia^m'5 anmiu iriai^vitJ^Lfiu'?iuUjivjal*ifvi(?iuaivi'5iiilarivjmiaT iwuTmaura

aiiifiSivjw^iuivjavi^uYiufiQnaja^jjaajii'iuriu^u ^v»j^l,iIi«aiTi1^ *

V

vilmuila>3iA3jfliu,a'3ttfian uan^nnuut^nmlifeii?ifi5ivjani^ffvji?vlTf ^ uvjtviai y>3i Ej^utwa tiiilanvj^i^ il yQaLii>3^a iua>3 ua t a yt>3 l4)3j4iu

an?ififjfjwamtYiima?>3mmia>3!^^ ^(?i<?ianui.9uiQanviaiyi) tla^wuum^^uua'aniifiu^iulua'auwnuat

waTifluvnila&r?rn ai?LfiSvinam>3Sa,'3u<?infiT>3i,viaaay<lulimtat;aiEJui uaniviifawruuiTi&iawa^^^

i-miummiti ^maTu^wa^n^adlu^tn^aaaj^iuQuajnniiiunu

QQ^uini?aif^tyS>3l^urinn'5w<?i,iiu<iia>3l'3v3>3iuuatatiTuii?nT'j luwuviwu *] ivjaltffmviivjamu^uYh T^^nuwJatJuamviiia^^tiliii l#i9u^a>3YiSjihsUjTm u<?in'5tinum?i,ila£juuw<iia>3iiEJi9uwavjaayT,^

viai&jamo na^ffannmWlflUifva 100% i,n^3jniJ'5saui]qjvnilai(?n£j

el?, la^ ijajan

709

1uii34unaifiaa>3uas<?n3JifiEjfl>3visi,aiiay «i mritilSna^nnb^nurin rinaa<ililluu^<foyfnTN34n>hyvifa^ uaminuuimTwm&itfniJaayra

ai?ifiSiviaiuaa&jliJri«nij^^iJ^ivifiai9iaivin'n3j,lvisy «i iJa'aaaanlil luanmfinalmn^riiQsi?aum^nuatamvijnSiia<iTaniilayulil wn*i*i wariy9ia3JuwdT(?iti9i?>3uaKlfiyYin<iaa3Jua'3 wu vngjTi£ju^uatn&jiia«3 amn^nnamvifi*toa<3UTYisiaa^u S>3nQ,muuiu,a<ii,itiiiwantl§jaijaTy

Viilfe^uuTluvisiaaoumlaEj «i nnQSLmuS^wa^yu^^ifiiariavjuvi ua^wmimyvisia

Tflya^wiftanTnjAium?iny^^ fratfiltfa/nvraa^fvu uiuasanmfi<?ia>3i,ni^a3ja>3tfa£j *\ waawiUif dnfiQi3Ji^a«^a'3ariivjin^aa^w^wa<3iarii?a,3jaaiEj,i)a'3a<>3fi3Ji,i,iiii

m^fyihl&realjj mrisni?feittfiSua^m'nJ5^^a'lv,riT3*J^1l^;^ ivjew 2po rmSmnuu uW^irwni?ifuiJQ£;iim^«wwaa'«niv/inoi)aa« ifrcgw fii<3Qiwin^/)ivvuQ^aa^£Wifi'3,!i£/Wa,!L/an mw®ajWvi7Wfflm luawTKWfluifaa n maw^wsjiw^Ni^vilw wjathaviiiHwia n l<auri waiia>3niTW<siwu"ia9iaTWfTn§jlu^viQmijya^ foiaiiwriluLl vj.fi. 2531

^MimzuawfttiiumulwizvumtwumiA^ 17,000 fiu an 10 V

9<staarraTmu toufoaTwuwfisjmuflu 67,838 fiu2 V

1

%>

ai,w?iia]muii?m'5<jf>3a?i^iiu<?n§j«ffi£jniJiaua^Lmt<?iT>3 ^

au^rimja^fni^ivmiEaa™^ uswifauih uQiiTi^'kiviEj^^miari^amu^^nai'a mrwwuiiinsnflitfis imdfwifluwiaEJ'Ma'i^

2 : ^auuTanSratn miunrxMtuwaauhtj 2542-2543 (n^ivivri : ajjruvn 2544) viun 273

770

§fo®qu!

vj<?in^fiQiJjT,3Jivi§jiiia§jnijafiTvi^ia>3e?'53j^ili Lnsis^aoUiita ila^naon^rnvn uanJl3jm^atf>n9ufmynai>3^a>3YinayT>Hi,aE ite^nm&uv^ua&h^TaAif^umu 10 aiufiuajiuTuiia^ enwvim

yi^mnu^vluyln^LYivji YnAa^ilaEJ *] lumtiAUQnu^liii«iia4ui viKiana^uaEJi^1s§jviij(?iEJ<iivj?ntni'3ataTLi,?ja^u"iu^i>3Lumu'ii'3lan

iua<3^nmj;liuaui,vin£iaua>3a'in"ifiv1^jjIan^£Jiia>3iiu imdiuTia^m^iYiva ^m^ao^im'i^^iJuiYitiauaQ

iu Quuai^^^mSfiQi§JVJuifiin^^uv1>3v1^uTyiQ«yinfi^iSapJu

<an uauuVlimiJuud^nt^^ <foam>3wl#imt>ay™ifl^^

wailaiuiflauttovnAJJ vi.fi. 2548 tuavl'uaoiwaouuriQulvityayeh n'msehjuivitia .*iQa\«7nufw^witHiai?nfnijf}HimNflimQ utffiTJ3JTifil<Fwa^uwwua^^ <

t-

|Tu^a<)fiQi3JiJ^3JTYiua^aQWTwinnQnfiQi3jai3JT?nviLi,vi^?>3 $>t:uu mTVJ^mviuYiwy^iuQUJJViiftiaa^illun^mvi^ iflufmwjjfmjjJtM ati^sjviu^a^^fiajT.viEj

tu0Tum^f&ifimamyn#mftnii3u 2 uj WunnTsiiflnf) maiw^ifiajwunijniii/flnfiinufiQ^itSu •

1/

*

m^1^1rifitvjaiiJ>3^<?iL9a>39iu^4iia>3i^y^T3J3JiaTTW^ Tia^a^-m

yfanmjrhman^iwiTTammia^TiT^^ iia>3L^yvinadT^fiQ?teiJni?n^^^aEJi>3nn<lia>3u<Hi,'5TYinvl§Jl^ 100% vialai^y?nyu^ua^ri§4ai9iafl«2ffiu(?iaiiQua,>3fiQuuatai'3v1w-aan 3Ji<luaTnifi^iu'3U3JTniw^yQnuI^>3Tua^anvin'5'53j uan^nnuu

flu^,vlEJy<l34n^1^^uyv1^srl^<?1^§Jn2tnnls^11Ja^3^^3f13J iTi^imu^uasflnfl vjaia^nnnwayvtQlilT^yiftVjn^uiisJunaifiaa^aatlajnuu

e»s. la-a ijajan

777

i^a^iuQuiJ?t^in?m3JTJUvj?a§jnii'j'i£jlmv1a4iiu uaoi^auas •

v

iioswsM^muiiiJYnfitu

luehum?mlnmnufni34^ii,9u ma^^man^'naji.^aw'iYi

uJaEJuhJenaaijauEJa #mv11v)njUiviTi>m a^riaaruYn^fnauiuas auaiiltwKi <] fa\,miuawwteii\m^ ^nuQU3Jin^<jn'a<lmn<?iiia>3i^ti9n3J3JiYfo^u. mvWbJairiiaimn^miwj aimi^nTwmmasaTon^majimriaaTw ufrnei wl&ia^:»jfl&m<?i?

m^nwiwayinYrerai u9iviitmfi>3vlI?B3Jinn'3,Til'3«Yiiil^ aitun^m ivia'iuu^aa^aaTymrisfiQT^i^ai^vliTimniinuuaQ atuun"mmm4

nuayi<n<a Tuan tfalta auaTQlyua^vmJ^fiQijj^n^u^ «] ^su't^e an^irfa lu^a4stlmnuwa^>3fiQ^uliJil8ij^^i^fiiaau^a^fiiauTtviTi^ Ltn'uija>3fiiaunayv1ni?iJ2ijlil3Jl^ayv1nitafi>3ffiauannuaulvityTv?i vnvm lugjfivla^fifiia^nmS^^ayviiuua^^^^yllviunT,^ Umi9u

<?ia>jluaTfn?au,WTWTi6lvityT9i uniawBnunaajviuffia *'anSa"(Amish) MifiafjehTijan u<Hi9unaJjifuv1iJ2ij^9njjfinaau^ia^fi'iauTaEii<3vn m?iil?&jii5l<?f viiT.^fijjua^L'inaEinu^yfniajajiiau3 uiimail^uwfiu

luw 5 9v1ui£jn?5Jju9i1vinW'n4 mfa? lmrmhsiviff lajli ulainyatlTYi^vhttffnma4^

aeiao mwwfamj *) fi^w\®mmaumjJimsi&iivMi^ia

3 : vnaiulwluviu^Sawa-j "aunnwS^Snfiuiila"

vnnvnlxilwnTtmwwflialiJvi wft. vfflwtj mwhuaum (036) 411-150 uat (036) 617-200 772

a^@«au!

udfma'QulvinjfuaNliIuaw^ viwiwawEMrfonaieh fiQTjjf^^iiu'3Ufi<)3jn^-in3j,viTifi'5w%iii>3fiu^^tl^

nil43^TUQUUin^nnm?'in£janno aivn'5n>3uaiins)n'i?al>3n<i1,ilinylu<?iT>3

ihssmfl ma^^lylyfiau4l^<iT1ifl^v1S<lSf1uf^,^flwufl^^3Jl^Ejvl^ylvl£yv1a^^^ vl^^m^^ULLatfiulYiyaanwi^a^TuaEJT^nQT^QT^ufiQTajfi^uu Sau<?ia>3i9uvi3julil

an^ayi<iviu<)^a£]lu^ivjQnL^yQnui,ia!inn9ia(?iTuayT<inQn>3 ^n>rainunau?ni^urifi™flAYraEa^>3n^ \u^vi^ivjif^?i.vladu^y^i^viQi'3n'3>3mvjci nummw rmriaaTW

yl^>3a^yuqtwwan?svlll^a^<lLnv^aa§JatJ^^3lvlnjvia^^3^ull^lSuw^,^ w^a^TunTtviTaitJ^uQ^aaajau^tLn^^Tnaa^Ifi^ni^yl na'iQa<)uy>aTi$fifiimitljjStfn^ ivhvlwiumw<Ha<£humTriianyaNHn^

^TyuTtmu^ufi>3^uifl$a<iiawm4hi.i,an (.vi^miatuuQulsJwyiivl Qi^siiJayuliltu^vmo vi.w.n. vrnwu L9uwviuT?jiJiaivjn^WQo .iQannaii 5 9^iniuv1uTEjn*i vfnwtumtu^Tuviu^unjnaKii) vj.fi. 2548

w^awumTnnan^^ui^aaajfenaaija'wT^^liJaaQlajwn'in 1 Tvia ^laifoms^^wawish aia^^um^^viTT^itunautnw^aavi^u aofo ifjaQuvi 10 Sronau vj.fi. 2548 MTi^nu^uwuilum^aehu n™naiu^<)UQ^aa^a<)uiyviuaQua§JuasaQum<ivjiTilur1i]ia^uipJn>3 nitT,^fi^i34?uu?>3ma^^ufiQn3Ji)<?iuy<ilu^>3fiJjl3ja<?»a>3

lu^um'aT^iiiai,9uw<l,«jjn9i'3ni'3'3UU'5<ii^yLa>3 ehadnmeiuifa v1si^l^unni^i^^aufiulviyviaiLJV^ufiuluun3J<ija^nT?viia>3fi?n3J ib-iutmavifta wiaui9uwunlum?asiij«9viTOu»amiuviuvi^«i9u

wiJnila>3 TjJ^niJijiJTaiw^nn'jluEJfinau «i vrea^swrmiSafoEwh n^^l^n^a^3^^?^^^^uQuw^nmaa^ym^3J^§4^a^^un^'^a?^^3Yian^ts 1ny-3Jiiai,fyv1^>3viQ<?ia>3iiaTiSaiJantiil vj.fi. 2545 uasivi^Tmaflu &?. T,a*a u^jsji

773

/iifil^an!JTfiQiwlaJtfii?vi<Ha^viB§Jui*y^uiia<)?|iiia Temisivns nitS^SunamlilluajaSv^nlai^uasnT^iiua^umyw^a^iu^jiina viaiina<?nn luwvn Lvi3jfiu<?nEJUij?ayuja(?iuil vi.ff. 2548

ila^mVUAtffniija^fr^aaVm^

viQTan^>3<BUT<?ia3Ji^n^am,iia'3avi?|i iManmaualmin'i'nbsairm tjinalviy t1a>avliua<)ulw\fiy«in^^uu3nu^>3iQaiYl%iiiaiw^ni'5 lnvmibsmft ?iyS<)T,iJnQiuu^viuTt|iiiaua<?i>3fi'3i3jmQ?TQi>i,as vnuiufny^QymTiN^Ivia^aanjJTJi "uiaulajlifvja" maiHauvjqwnfw vi.ft. 2546 ivj?T^3jvjal^^Quriu«iia>3a>3ftni'5aviiJ?iJifi,!fn^<?(Tu^vifi

3Jui!i'yiiuv1ua5i>3fi'3i3JLwu9i?<i<?ii34nii^ina viao^nnuuil^mfilviti y^3t9utl]1Vl3J^yua<ln1'Jaalla'^u^a^3a^3flnT5avllj%^^^n^ ila^aofiuvntj

ujananil vj.fi. 2548 vli^<nTVJVj^u,iia>3lvi£jiia3ja>3liljjTnT,uai&j<?iT<«iQlan

lu^Tum?vfnai>3m<iilni,vjama?i'3^vj tjinaiumTyina a^i^m^mnaniuYMa^Ymlvijj ^ adn>3i™un'i"r^iinan,au «-] ia*ajan t*

i

i

it/

ivjriEmnawraeiaJwariamiAw^^ aa

$

^

IM 20 aiUfluluS VJ.fl. 2552 Wl 11.65 aiUfluluS VJ.fl. 2547 nmvlamwa^uYma^maQfWn 72% u<?ia>3miafnuv1vjnmuiiui9u

wiv7ii«^Q^a,Quviu<)^t;<?ia<)3JT^inni?^nai^ai'3YlT,vijj ^ uan^nn ni?a?i>aaaiuy1vtnwauviaaul^^>33jnviiaiEj^Ln^aa3jT(?ioLanifu

itfuvltmdhmasinisneii.ia'j ?|iJia£l>39i<i?|QaivinsiiJuT>viaJtvlai<5>3i(?i vj<53JuiniTKia>3m£jQl(?iEj<?i?<ian^/3&j flQaan<miriu#Ay1aWl<?iu,ri mwi t «~ A " • euuwifla Thailand Privilege Card Company Limited mama

ij^?via>3myQa,Q<)Viuil,MunifiQ<?iT<iiJ?smfiaTU<lii luaEvm^anumyi a^fiiJ-^aiia^nj^a^m^aa^^

vnnTm<in'iTLJ?t;aiifnijjant^ lija^Yi^sajauianaaWlviaJ ^ '^iuqu ajininvwu ?QjJvt^aui34y1a?i<i^ul^y^aivin^lvi3JuluLuaYl^a>3na>3ytvi 774

staasu!

ua^a^majfiuiimi^naj 5 uvio iwu^^ijnnnjja^iajluauTjjnaavl

laiirimtlfemfilwuQmnn ^>3i,vjaiJn?>3?nwvic0iuaKivjarlianfijff<?i'5vl«ff ai^ifimvianmujntfnfmay^

• wa^a^nTt^l^yiTaiaiJTatJT>3W(?incivj^naT.ua^^v)iT,^iJilski

ua<i^TUQUjjinvi3j^amvji9ui)iua^naiEJi9uuT i9uW i^uaiu uasiSumnyw'j'uiiJai a,wviu<)Tj'a>3v1liuivia^uiaJfinT^vj<5wuT<?iavlil

myi^iQihuUjIjYiu uuat vnnvi>3vlQYl^u<?iona,n^i;naii1,ili9uilianm<i

ayi^n^TSjTanTavlaju^^naii^uiJTviaj^lilLSa^iJTalviuunlu Tm<in"i?ttila<i^uvi?viyi9uYiu?n3Juuifl^w<?) *\ flaaiaaiuufa una

Wfci(Hernando de Soto) urufl^fnaenirniib4 rialiJuwvlvha-itj uatmaiJfna>3VJUYnhiia>3itaYifffi^ auu to L8!m^uuuaui<irm'3UYiuvisjt;nna>3 mu

• wjii^QuminvmihtaYifi ?jinaflTiuVuTyinywa>iAulvf ifii^n^ma^ilua^ria^afl via<ii\iinift'5W5nsimny^a£Ji>3<?iaiua>3 a^l3Juiu?5iJianl^aucyi^ianTfuuiu?>3v3iu(HT>3^Qm3JT^Tn^i<i ll^^mf1ml^t^^^a?<i^3^ulYlyll^^3uasfi^LL?^^^3^u^a>3flu^3^UQ^^>3<?i^^^1n'^^

ttTMiulYiairM ^s^Q?Jivi(?iwaa!ivl^n(?n3JLt'5>3>3nu*jJ<i^iJ?ss4iui,. 1 anufiu

Tunmsu Swan-5i^ii<?ia^fijjlYi£jviany^u<?)Q£jnu wsu lufliuifiTfcfijm n^?^^^3f1U^3^ufi^u?^3Q^^^^n<5^^>3ll'5tlVlf1,l<?l>3^EJl,9ull?^3^<)<l^l^ unuviuT,Yiywa<?i^ufh^ivjQnl^Lt'a>3<nu<?iavlil famfftOTWlviufro^B

il?iJLiJayuIfi?>3afi>3liJ^um^ivjQnT,4fYtnwtuatf}CiiltiJtyT3Jin^u lumua<>3fi^tua>3qinfiu<3TU^nn^T<iil?tivifinniaT?<?iiaTiiJ?yiil^iy vhlwunylmimfm^'UnAii fni^fviiufru^i]a>3fm>numiiflaan*n t9ufi^firiQluiiJiia>3nTiYiTTitJuiEj^'V3Ltatw<?iiia Whua^uQ^aaaj uwiu 4 : naattaufluajnTnvnniftifnwowua.jifla Mot unvrcajauijliai^vnaWUimimYi 9 najmuSawao Sauanaan-rnxuinMim" (aiunvJjjy^Ta vnswi mimfta. 2547)

GS. la^ 1JQJ3J1

775

Yinfiua?i>3wan?sviiii,vi'3TiJL,iiilia<iiilIfifiua™diy asuurmiaita

uiyyiuT^ynT?a^tyiwl^vjQn^iuimn^3jn'iu'j<i>3nu^in<5ni^il'3Siyifi ^iuQU3Jini,9uan(?iiuviu>3«if>3^T,w<wu'3i ?pjiau^pufni*4fi<aifu<ma"i'U iavjnn^Tyviuu^ljJfeQi34anf^nj9iawamtnnii(?in>3 ^ fasineraiwia&fttj uasaNauiflaau

an<?huviu>3!ia<3uUjinuwanffulviiffswjfi^'Jiata^Qluaoraiao l^un'nn?ni^^uni?iJ?I^fi/ii£jluiJ?tmflT^yl3Jfinu<iQinn?ii?I/ifiuu ^nujuvrealw uan^nn^tn'almn^iJtyviiviu^uviQajm^^Kna'iQ^^alil Xuvm 9 uaQ m^flflfii.tiJijaal^^tSunismiJfiiiiajtigj^tl^sriin'l'wIf^fiaj IviEiaajaai^ii^^uivisi^u^Nan^YiiJcqai^tnaaaiJ'ii^vii^Gis^

uasYroiiaai &3vhnAwnii&3fi*jerKi ^ •Ma'naai&AiAualta mi ainvram iiimuasaTarramajiEn

?|inaSfni3Jfiv5iviu>3^ou,i^^CSwa^lu^ium?av5ifnTJ4i,^Ejo Tiao&fiN uuf1am^tliJ^^a>3lvi§Jviaiyuvi>3ivjan^^nyil%TrimaanliJ ^nnn-jomvn uasiBamTia i9uyluii^£jfii£jy1fnT^fi^uwau<?ia<ivtu>liJ

m?^^Jll^all?tn^f1Tw^^w^^^aan34^v5l<)v1^ll^a3Jn^allvi^T(?lEJlJ'5^ft^^n m?f1nw-iita&j<jh>3 ^ tvteaijfiaiJia^riau

<?iawi?|inaua<?i>3fiQi§jlia>3m?v1^)ta?i>3L^a>3€lvi3J<iiu§jT5aii ^ auT^iJuaiTamfiaj uuQfl^u^i^^au^ia^vjijT.ilanvilalaJ mlsJi9uv1

ij^^ni^aviw^aiaajuml^vjajvj am<fanmi§ja>3fla£J"nnTU n uai n^^ta?^<)llia^3lvl3J1lU3J^?allau1^Cuuvi^^lvl^l5Ju,^^^LVl§J^sa§J^QylVi5l

ifa%Ma'ialbum? win (1) aalnaWiaiJUttiCiwia^uajsfnma4^

Whufni3Jilaa<?i/fej (2) ifiuaniuYiaiJfrjIra^nmiatTtfuu^'iu'au wvnfna au^iti9uf1jj^ia>3fm34%aaa uan^inuuni^3JYiam<inTUTni>3

feumuni^^nuvii<i'3tiin£juT<?iiwB?'53j<jn^an<?i'3£j uas (3) vjuvi<?muu

adl3Jvh<mnn?<imvn &tmuju^<ilm9um?n?t^Tyil?£inn? uatfiQT^m^viuiaan1ila,a,Quau^a>3il?tLyifiivjaa^fiQi§Jt^y>3iia<3a<>3fi3j 776

a*3®qu!

leiaa-nJ wu^^itui,liJl,^1,unT'3a<3?iua?T<iLSa^*lvijJ^<itinui3jT

viNa^liltun^mvH uasiBajuwajJinikTju uuviuu£lTamaaryvn£j /nuluvmifli lulsJ^TUViin^^Ju^nviun^^^anuviaT&jQuil^iiqQii n\iififluniviuVlviaihuat/mEu™£i^^

tv^hyivh atin>3nQi>3TiQn>3laJ^T'3nijn'i'5vi'33JL5a>3UTa?aa'fau^<iia>3 aw^aiJ4lmmai,^au^<ivnfi3J-riu£nEJu vj.ft. 2548 .*nwjriTj nium? afi>3riiuiJiiauni?wn?uaaiiYiriynu^n^§jfl>3LwJuTmvj,5t£ji uastfmauvh

ehmfila^aiAvicy «i ^tl3jSwaivjTi^3JimuT^ta>33Jinuat;T,viaii"imyi'ij4 amuvwro «] am^imau un^yuuatuna?i<innvjyum^nuim?w^ty/i£j,?ia>33juw?j

aj-iujuununa^la^ tai^i9um?ria|n\iila"mv1 ilaiaaiM aoanil vita ^3SnmvJ?^tn^?9^aa'nlJB^3J^^lil9u^^3Yifinll^^<?l,lla>33Juy•?J -mrufiei tj v v * Is

%/-

uatfiivjyu^?^ivjQnu3Jn^HL^uQimi?Tviuiyn34YiiaT£j'B'5?3j^Tll ^iwnvjimivuuYiaei iTnufiHuasniviaumtfn^ua^Mluuu ivms 3JUl9u^BT53J

m^ajun^ua^lf-afjajT.'iiaai^anisiinanyfi^aj^iiwn^aaa

^tSuia^aum^a^ni.i.a^a^fiiiiiuwitmmaiJ'i'a^taiilllvl

lui]^^iJum*JSaul^tiJ>3fQiuuQf1^^a>3?|iiTal<?iiiJa&JuvliJ luiniwiviajiKawuasnajjnauniJimajTJiwsjiniiu

^^^wW^onaivi

vj.9i.vi. tfn&ou9uu"mn^3mei1 umina^a>n§inatf<m<)m'3TimEJ<?b

iia^ifiTi^n^miiaflfeauiiau^^ aUL9un'l'am§JflQ13Jl.^&J>3Un^>3flJJVlYIEjlu''5UEJt£nQ iSjaolYiaanVUi

a'^aaiylu^f^a^mlriuluih^^^ u^Tamav1nTTwwui^ti9uviwmvjTiun^aaam<iwYinaiyl5ayffv334Tn

01*3

. la^ 1JQJ341

177

â&#x20AC;&#x17E;

aA)

a/

a sua e

.d

H .

..mm luQUUNuammziiJauu Iv

uupia ^i^maili^l^^mmSmSma^vnaiui^iiaj 01miuftulwmvaaHya*Xm

ImiQzyfiudiiitlwffiafiiizjqu... "

Cl-3

. lift usuan

719

urm 7 i a/

0/d o

rmasjmjNSJQTira

i

»/

i

1/

•

^iQmy^^^auau^n^niiivjauiJiuajn^u^ilajna^iJ^ijmfi

nn?fnSjlefvi£jeia<) u3^uiii>3fi^fiQi3J^§Jv^u^utu^ii?jiiTafiiiil'3!jmff ivjauiJiu^sayWii^a^fiQiw^umayi^Twii?<i^un>3niivlia<ifi?i3jnu ni'3fiiinEJii£n£jaanlil6lu'3>3nQi>3S>3<iiuiSam?fi3JUifi§jat(?nn<iJUuau fiQi«^uma<?ia>3^unai&ji,9ufi'3i§JT334«anu a>3fim?svm-3ibsmfi mi

"a3J.ifi3Jil'5tTn^i^iai,^EJ9i^uaani,ftEJ0t<?i"(ASEAN) nnna^uma i9uifna>3Jjaluni?ivj3jfm3ja^vW?^ .nT7fhua««TuriTyi«&a

fiiijjmQviui^a^i.vifiTuTaSiim£Jijaiit^^^a<im?f^niiTyvi?a3jnii uT§jn*K<3a'TUT^uaiiaYiBviai)a<iil'3umfiflaEJvii>3lna T<flma,vnst^jwfi<?i

mfiluIaylviaJ «i teau vifirn>3m?teiui^^a>3pJ?ouatil'3SivifiuvnaiuT^ au «i uasm?f\n^nySaviBVjaai^^a^^uim^a'3i^a>3lviyluav^<?iuat ^djwa'JialiJauifiei

mssiidimiufiHmlanlZmmiQU

vMna^Qfutuimvi 3 fni3jfeniTKi^ynn?i9uiM£iYinaT,vi i,n(?inT5a'iaitUTUfi^lu£jfia<?iaTvin^3J via^innnibsiviftYijIaTU'R

ivmarma''u9uuja<3iiu ima^fiNa'ajaamiaswfmniEqiyfiuliI ^uimiil^atasl^iviaal^wMU "km^^umm leajusTauvilauuQ 720

gta<a«MJ!

nniflniuuffoi&iifiaj^mi wu aitui^maufnluaujfmT,^ ^avuAEiuiww luaimnntviuaua^n'3vjuilia<)^<iilijjluyi1ilaaai,9i'5i,a£j lud^^iiuu i^nntaTaimTUfi3Ji%ni^uluyfia^anvin?^^ul34^\^mua^T>3tm^ai£j

u<?i3Jun^vlliviaj(?ixliJi^£jvii,^£j'i m'avlavi?|ai3j?ma,<inav3vivji<!jivlily^a?n ilja9 vi.fi. 2546 3jav3teTi9um?aiaTmiufiwLVjaviQ>3fi'5aijfi?a>3vjuYi 4w Yiwmn^flqjEma^Tanaulfli^^ mTumnna<iawa«p nn<aaQiTuam>nuu?>3snnwyiai] Luvia<3nu ^>3uiinafiiauTaaai§4i9ua,QulviiyfiaiEjni?Ln^a>3fi?n^fi?La^i^ai,naij vJu9vlwTU3JT flQ1^U^n<^1>3Y11>3Q^UB^§J'5i;ViQn>3W?n'51UniJm<iJa<i

rta>3nui9ui?ama>3aiftry^La^34l^ni?Qiav?iTUUU?uu?v3S>3^uiiauuw ^munaimQua^fmjjiai^wmimNtf'jTarr aofinamDlamaaru

wan?tviii9iamav3T,viym?T^TQlviu3jaa§jlufiifi1,<liai^rjnlm9um&j ua>33jvna"iui^ \un?muufiQT3j4i(?iuLi>3fin£jT,uiia<iT,vi£j^>3i,?3J'5uu'5>3,?ju

ujawufl vj.ff. 2547 an^anaijj^aliJvinni'5nvl34f1nwiltyvi"iam<ifia<itm uasunuujvn ujtinsiei V 1

ilfyvii/infiT(<?iaT^vl3JYiilviLwa>3lvi£ja,jj^3J iiriamifluiMuvriw ^>3^tSa!QUwan^ul^nnTW^UTviEJ9iiJi;^nivj'3ntni?rianT'5Ti£jan^anai34 rialilvhitessMfi uan^inmvjmn?rmiin?)u,aQ lJtKtviftajvnaiui^via^m?

waTflwa^naaWhuatmmTwifaN «"] niim?iwmM?^usTJ3j<!ua>3<?iu

^vinannoluuvivl 3 ibaiuTOaTOUiwaamfJu i •folviqj ^ &rei9u

^^u^a>3n^?a,1a^m^ufl3Juatn^?a?^>3f1QT^^v^UB?tvlQ^^3lJ?IJLYlf19ia^,ll luauifiei wt,?yQ^ntymufiQi^^v^uB^viQn>3il?t;mfi^TU'3U3jnni,<wuQi

ni?uaa<)miaiifiQi*Jii<?iu&riu?uviQ'i<3 2foami^lvityWlflun'avi^p iias^u sit;t9uil^^aifity(?iaQQ<swuim^a<iTan tvittmrowro *\ tuib>3 2-3 9

viNTU3JTaisi^fnn3Jvi3Ji£jteiavi?ji ma^vnvmfiflmivjaitaaaa^u m?it:uan^in^i;m^iJfi^"i3J^3JVJUBniifl<?i'ji,ni i«ffu qjiju imviaTii W5. la^J 1JQJ3JT

727

uatlliviQuT.wuu,uLi,vluS<iluua'3 avreyi mvjyn^isjaTi^Ci^lviJJniifja^inn mi Hfiwti au^yuatntj^u'iwan^QtJ

a^wun^atn^iufliuifn^ffauatnawvAvi\,muniavnaaj nuuaQ>3vinvi?viiJTn?uauvjuBS9i'5ivj§jaiiu atuu^uliJlliQTQuviuoTJi^viun ^uua^TQajaa^^^Q^vj^riu^aliiuavifi*! mmuMtawa,'ju*nn i

f

«i

VI

iSudftfoanu QQ^uin^uuQuuai^iajwamuviiJ^aaunfi^a^i^iajmy

luuaa^ftfy ivjritvnnViyliJ^ mfA<£faiaoT,Yimthuau Sotiu vnnlyiyT.iltaanwhih^uifluWUm

m^fninaniiaviiFjp tf^u^anfltvityYiav^snnmi^ii tuaftaiijaa<inqw uatfJ?>3ifiamjjT5nnu1u£iTuiaWEJ uT5VJij^wiaolviEJUiiJ'reivifi?a<?i3Ji l^ylaJi.^EJtann'S

tiaTlwwuwalaiui^^stiJaay.liJ iictaTMtfitnaa^miJfiultiEJ gfoevaifisj uulla t<3i^scHiam4,3^^s;l3JCTnt9ui,fiy<2ja^§jcwiaiui^ttsi^ aiaviu^ataatmaaajsjastfre l&HissiSutaeJfwIaehEjIu nrwiMinmm'yM'nnti

Kov1nann<iT.uiiYiy1 5 iNaiYiwawwuiibsMffaai^TM*

uuQfi^lunTTw^uTimw|fi^n?tuaviani?3J^innT?wa^i.LriuniTwim (Import Substitution) ua^fiao *\ iiJaauliJiflumiNam'waftoaan (Export Promotion) yyiBftia^m-svj^uniia^lviyiiJatJulil^isjmiJua uu vinT,'wm'5a,oaan^uYiijnvia<3iiuray *} iSa9 vj.fi. 2508 rmetaaan aHtfnuatiilnn^aViehurn 16% iiajTmlflibsininwraaNatt/inMi

«QaT3«(^Hvi) 3J"in>a9 vj.fi. 2546 ftflftaufonaiQifiajnuiflu 66% uan^nnuuwawffwnivi^aan^ma 40-50 9miaQi9uaWhi,nmn

LnaiJvt>3vi3jfinaT£j34ii,9uwa9i/itutnantTv)?iJ uuas iTMfcHaEhaiAErj

722

sfa®31J!

m<?ia<i%a^ufii^nn9ii>3il?si,Yiftv5i/3Ej s^ua^diu^a^mTuim^ivi^Tn 17% «?ia>3^v5ivjiSa9 vi.fi. 2508 i9u 59% lu9 vj.fi. 2546

Q<?inu<?n3jm?iJEny^iia>3nEjl(?iil'5tui^li yvrnfiia^mTwajui na^lntjil'ataiifniuaii.f^^ijviuo vliT,,wn£jT,(?i<?iafiu<?ia9i,vjj4w^nn 270

flaaar4av%i lu9 vi.fi. 2516 i9u 2.190 eiaaarfluS vi.fi. 2546 (enia^i uaoBuifmlan) fiulviLiT^yvtQlil^ariimQ^v1^^uayn>3mute<?iLviTiij

nuuuaslvlv1ii,4iivliJn<3vi§jii"iuvii>3lna fmlviaajm^linimasjwhtvj ni^nwTviyiinauwuT.viwYiil^^^Suy'n'uu efosifiullfainaiEj

9nwfn^aofiulvitJ^ivj^ui9um 70 9luifo^ijusnnivj£j>3 49 9ifja9 vj.fi. 2503(9hia«HDa>3miifmIan)

am^hmwf)iw^i^uMuyiu^]u^iu^a^rii'smii^iw t^WafmjjauaaitylMnuiiT^mfftn^ 9iQa£iiv3y1n?im(?ivia^fioin&jQnii nT?via<imyQ^>3i9u/iifiyia?i>3?i^^,MriiJil?tmffa<)yia<?i ita^iJuuS unria<im£jQ<?ii-3il'j!imffm3Ji^a<}vlyiEj9a!indT 10 aiufiu *niiuuwri <?in>3il'5t;mfi3Jil<ST,ui,5a>3vlviuil'3Ujjituflasinaii 5 uauaiumvi wunau

lviqju^fni3jaifiqj<?ian^m?anTWfi rta'fciEJYmei'M wiu nr^muTNTu fmlanalukjiraj riufh TiuanvmuasanTuinnTaau ^ uasfoavroaaaj ^n^iniign^ianTflmafiulYmuirml^^ anhaau twinaleinautvitya^atyvntjliJniyluvmj<?nujaifaivwriTnu ^iTiLifnflw'ujJiriau wfu tSafiauLinilnasJUi&jflovisiiaau^iiju Ivwiauilaiutl vj.fi. 2547 yiiterimvla>3w&jQtinviTaiEJuatunvia>3m£jQ

WEJuasgajvnalilrrii 8 vjufiuuatin^ilu^iuiuajTn mT3nj^a<il$vneiunilia9 vj.fi. 2547 irasTiflmufruvnEfaia^

vjaufai-fa) iSan'auviuiuu i9uan 2 91-3agji^^^lilimu-ai?!nj1.^ai^ vi^viiyliiluvj^Qiii^aLvi^ni^uflajfii^^mnv'i'iiu mriVlriaanlihnalu

<?h>3ibsmfi9a£nQi 500,000 <?iu irmat^wlKsiYiffClasTrc 50.000 aiuinmiasa?i>a>nuT,tffmT,Yim9u<5"iu'3U3J"m ifjain^tiivneiun

gi-5. la-a ijajan

123

^i<iil?tmfiviy^i<i§alnuasi.n^ii9u^a>3viiaiylnlilviaiEJ^iianu<?i'3 rialmnflfiima^vniiRi^^^ ni?iil^iJ?tiviflf\Tiiiyvlilm?i^ii9uvfia>3Vj<ivji^uf^n^in(?ii>3

il'jKmfiivjsj'iiu ^uf^iviu<)^iil1yiiLa^aui,aa<?i,iia'3ifi'5W|fi^EJfi1.vijJ T^un'unamDTemaEJSJ inwa^un«uuatni^B^3J^ilil^ivjy>3tanuati uatiaifiuviaooiu^inuvia^BTsumQnaEri^auL^anaQuviw imt msuaui

•mawamvlvri m^ii.9u<?ia^aui34Uivinn<?ii>3il^iYifiTi'3 •90% na^fmaj <fia<miTW&3<nuiia3ibsi,vifi m§aui3JU^iuQU8Jin^inLhuei:nuaan naiwSta/iivjm?ii4a<iiiJTi:^iwinv1a^^

T.vinjT,uiiiuuu rifnui&uftnvj^mmAniQnWfoei aTiowamtvnieia

ifi?i^ns)uann^i<?i'iia>3fiulvi£jatii<ilviqjvia'3<) uan^invi?vjyimBT53j,iJ"ilii<s}uui34Uwai,vja<iua'3 meiaoaiffu

aWhww *i frnrian^Wfew vtiu 'lfl1a^3^ma3J£J^,vl3Jl.lau^ufl^v1<?la^3 l#n8flqjcyiuasmfiTuTat1a>3 itfu Tibumajfiaaavni.eia'f ^vina'nno luimvi 2 0/

a/

0/

&/«3l

wang^HimnnisaiffHYmNmn^wasamaaasiiaswauais

»a<ucn?ieja<aa^iiui^a"<a»aja>sjaaieii,i1ani?m^a^,H£Jv?)^s;lria^ iiiu

inntiauiAa4a\iuasinii$9ifn?uivi9m^

luauifieiauVimvjriEinlaJte^ imsniaa^uu u^uuuauQiniTw^ui^a^LTi^uviy^wnvnnmUiansji'ni

^a^uf\niiatij?n"i'5^'in9in>3iJ'5tivifil^9ii!wv1<?ia>3nn'5 lijatlriiifiijuliiiiimzhniiij 2 sn viuv1v1i'?jiii1vn?il'3ti.vifiiSa<?iu9 vj.fi. 2544 vj.9i.vi. vinStu mfa?

$niwflfni34mn^u^a<3fiuViamuniT^^ t9u^03J4'W3Jiy,waniia4?5ina vnvis«B^^t;uiT.iJal^9i340'w§4i£jT.^iun 724

ffa®31J!

Ejvrafliaen "vnanmu" vna "eiuntjij 2 uv (Dual-Track Strategy)

""vm 1" l^urinnTwiriyl^Tnniyuanil?tmfiwiuniTMiy^umuaiiii?ni?

"mvi 2" l^unni?n?K^unn?teiti/intjluiJ'3Kmft4<)'\)snaT'3p>3(?ialiJ luuvm 9

uu'as nTsvfami ""mvi .1" ^flia^aiffyfniaj^vjUBau^nii

eroibsivifi W'wwai 5 9?5ina^^lmnuis»iui9uvianT,um^T(,uu uTEJinEjemihsiYifi a&jT>il?n9ii3j?|iiia^^tli4l^uiLla>3fiin3ja^viu6 uasmiimtfu^vmAa^u^sjTVNimi EMlilnoiuuni^riiiuwm

vimvla^vrnvm^ium^fWhli^

^a^3y?^LVlf11f^liL9uv1^^^vl1amawalJ?tIy^ualQu^1la^^flulu?|ll^a uatwauuauu

<?iaui<?JTu1vn'5il'5tmfilvi3J «i ?juia<?j^t§J>3?Q34Vja>3riiiil?ijmfi lunSmfiivjaan^aiun^^iaiaoniiavi^ ?^ina^i.auai9umfnvj ni?iJ?^^i.vjauanLilayufiQi3Jf1^muT>un?aiJija>3fi'3i3j'j'33jSaLLvi>3

tatfltj (Asia Cooperation Dialogue vna ACD) iDai^auSnunuu vi.fi.

2545 luni?il?^3jfi?>3Uu^ijnalviLil^iaua^i9uw4ii)LfiaauTfi?<inn? vjUBij^i-jtaL^Ej Tfi^niTU«lia<3ni?lwil'5tmfi1,unSriifii,aLtEj?s^3Jviunu a an vjufiifa?iviaib ejuwyi uasihsmfiluia nla uviuniTMmwin pJim

T^yi,%vjTssiinn.av3viunT?NU?i;viQn<iil?i;mft(vtaia3JLavl) Tfo&nlj 3jn5i?ni^i^«3i^l^wnwui^u9ii§j^um^i)tyvii^Tuni?i.Sa>3uasa>3fi^

^aiauauil?saiifiii^awivi'aiadn>3l34L9uviiLVJtitil^tiviffslvify «•) l#fm3jauuauuu<5nihn(Lip Service)

TjinalyitiasYw ACD uastfulihanlsiavitji athaaanvivh aanen iflalviLJi9umjiivj^nn?iJ?t^nawiJ'5^mfti.ai^EJi.i.ilivln(Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Vila APEC) L^at^au^ianfUJ vj.fl. 2546

m^i.aTT,^uuaan3Jiluviaiy|ilimii Nifl?m?Maifiqjv1a<flNn^nTTwu<] ^^tflNa^ialillu^LiJitni l^urinn^viviiVlviylil'hajSaniiavi^i Viafn <as. la*3 iJtyai

725

mi^viviTSLiJiliJinnua^nviilwavi^ uatvmsSsn^uvknaEJAfra na>3<aT33jaa34t9ua,'3uT.viEy uilil^m?<?iaijfea>3na'3jnam^iEJ^i3J^^ auuTvi(?iw£jjj<?iavjuijS9i'^ia>3avi^ wiu nTanaufeu^lmmtuiviaLvia 3Jo§JTBnaaai<?T3ia£ji^ailiau<?iaifi34 vj.fi. 2545 Wfiuentu 202 fiuuas

maiHaueiaifisj vj.fi. .2548 4<mfiu<?niyan 23 fiu fmwreiijA WlvlluaiiJuujaillauSuifiJj vj.fi. 2547 ttafjfiuenty 191 fiu uasrmrM '

'5ti,Cv5i'5tivlv]T,li^u1,ua-3nq»ma^aun?n/]ifi3J vj.fi. 2548 wSSfiuenEj 56 fiu

'

ivi^minUviaiuai^iQufoihh'ii ivjnsastailQjviunfl'Wi

ua^T.vi&j^Sv'ii.Sa amv3l?n^i^uiEin?|34u^^^vUiwfiii3jml^T.ufi'3n3j aamij^autia^fiiiajatiaEJ^aauiia^iJtyvn ^aanwiibsmfiTeiy il?ifi^infinaj£j<if1v?iay'Kiaiivjau'3ii9uLla<iiia>3 "T^mi^an" «zu

%una^tai3JT5nif?niil,wriiifnii1,^im£jlu 30 qu wuat ni?ij,mhyvn • ^QiiilinluYiiua>3uuiia3j^vianni?uniItyviiui)iia?Ej^ 4 mnani fl^^t|Lv^^^t3Jna^^3n^3fi^aau,lla^3v^vl1if1lault9ull?^;^l Teimfcvnt m-jai^a^viiuvjviBvna

nimfoi9uvmfilto?niiavre<p uanaula*ajtyn9a^nuua<?iuaufin mua ^umStemiQviiftsriuiihjfiiJif ifiuvmwiibiTffSJ APEC ilia

19-20 eiaifiaj vi.fi. 2546 i9uanita$yviu>3fl<)ai^vhlifam3jaa^aTi<)

fm3jlaJa>3iiivj§juu 8>aliJmiuuluium^i>3viui ni^uninm3jaa^iT3§jwa nuoiaeiiuavrsji wasmufm Imuwamtviii Iflu^^iiairsuuTJ&jmj,

nn?l^^^vi^ntivii>3Lff?i*|n^i9uvi'3^n'j(?iiiuuuT£jiii£j rin>3ibsmfiuili]a]m?iin0^ TflmavjisfniNVjmmavk^iauf&ytyim^ 11 ihsivifi v1>3v1mofiunn?fiiiai^nc)inruni,?ia>3a>3f^n'5nn^fiiTani9u

n<jauan>3a>3a|jtia'3 ma>3^nnn?aii^ia<ia>3fimm?fiiTani9u,fia<?ina>3uiiii viw/iifl ^l3j^w^ai3Ji?aiiiilil?ia43a>3ivjawaiJ'5sIyiJui)a>3fiu 726

staQSlJ!

naul^nawviu^ytavntl^i a,Quni-?viia'qjtyini?fiiLa1uiiuvii/i-if1,iJu i9uni7wa?a*nu?svi™ 2 ibtmff ^i.ilv'iTamal^wl^iJ'a-IyTfu^-i umniHM ^n^l^m^il^viiwail^tly^uviii^auT.^igj TeiaivivnE lun^tuv1unni?i,fla<)kiat;wauiiauu^wail?KTy^uvin4t?n^T^y^?>3 wiu unni^i^a<raa<ilviEJ

^Kuulum??ia'5aovn^ia<?ina>3 wl^uiltuTyKuai^i9uwvi Sa1Quluni?iJ?vin'5il'3^ivifiuatwauiiauuvj??fini'5i,5a<) a^uwiitj il?tTy^uf1awvll^wa1iumnv3ni^^?^nvii'iia(?ina«3uu EJ^umritaa-alviEj

^iJiavin^aQina>3nii(Hi<iil^mfil^I^yl3j(?ia<)wiu?|ar)n Tamaviun n^^kSa^3^tmuvl?nu^lVJawal)?tIy1fu^a>^vlQn^uSa^3n^^^,un'^?u<^a^^

vmmfi foaOTwqnm«iai<nJatJ *\ lfliiria*njryiiilAni?fnia^mjw nauvl Iviy^a^unaAuefeytyiu ^u<?ia<?iiun™^qjimviT>3lmfi34uifisjoffU(?iLfQ wiumTi.vm^m7ynQninami,iiu<a(broadband) iiaVlyimviTisiju

^ilvti)tfaun\i&y£yiftwia<iwn U9iviuv1v11viya>3ui3>iT.uaiytyinT5fiiia? nuwn ^unil?snifiQn^^im^nQmy^^a<ilviyT^Ytii^auniiija<)winuaQ ^vlmniinufH'ifjwaa'TiminalviEjftaSj NaihsTutfifluftarrnem muu ua^^Tuanua>3ffl<?iy(?i'3>3^a^uLan<?ia^hu

iJjautanTjfhi.al ^u^ii'a>3^unvitanm3jn1.ulvi£jaLii<i%iivjau <aoi%vjisaufn^ivnnwni,i,aswaUi vn ywNfcia<?Hia4 ma IflTuwamEViii

vn<)aijam>nuu?>3vtuvi ^aaawwa^lviLJin^fman^nin^iyaHifh

T.vraulvfonn'flu u^t9udQUuaymamyiinii^um%vivlviamma>3T>vi£j vhlmn^aa^Qilviyyama^

^Tamaiia>3iii<iij1i^v1'vitvlnii1niiii?a^uiiUv^(broadband) vilalaj

uan^inuuniwunnn^i^a<ilu^iiiau^wail?tlyijuvii>3nn^fi'i fraansmilwfni^a^vWrriJfln^ naounnY5iija>3imfiuan<?hEj wiu WreawajfniNaVmuffniJViaJi

4^i9uil^t;mfiv1^fi^TaniJ?smi3JivjnsnnTMnaiyaviS^uwfij<ifui.i.asni?

<as. la-a ijajan

727

^nnma?/nvivn<m"m£ia>3dfla>3ib:;«mu uritjjinalviylajyaaj fiaay^iiJ^fimanmri^nn^i^a^mui^a>3myvlnnT?f^i^nynii?fuia

vmi-^yy<iliJnQiuu?paivimiia^

4.000

anuinvi tvja^aii?ni^a<imi5viLvij3fi§JUifi3J^a'3unnT'5i,wa>3my

tWivUnsinalyiyifluiJwnuwrhvwJiidy^vmma^ta fiulviywL^yniH ^$a>n9uffohyi,mu a^uuni?v1unni'5iSa<iwaliul(lia1'3ui.^yTv5iy<?i?>3

wiuu TannavtwaihsTyTfuiia^iftatnnfjmuauljaya^ ftmavM fnnaaavmiDmiNvna^u^fo

uanmua^inuuni?aJ<3uai>3vinwalJ^KTy^uvin>3tfi?ii^n^,iia>3fiu

naalflnaajviureuinuUj ai^vhtmnflwaia*yriavMnTvia>matuas

ifffiw^a^ihttYifrtureusEm wiu iijalwnmim:anfl34ifMiija<ilviy

uja9 vj.fi. 2546 uan^nn^iasi^^fiQiaj^niifiulviyuaQ EMnanivw riafjfnaifrtyaneny uufla iitaib^uflmsnT3§Jifim?ehuai7in?maii uatni?fi3jfi?a>3wiilT/ifi^a<iil?^ifi3jyT^ili.^uvii>3^iv?ii,vi^ni?tu

lut^a^lviy^yjiQia^ fjinalviylaJiianfniaj^ounwn ujawnibsvm lunaieiaajn nai>3inivja9a<)riuSlwil'3iiifnTJulviy^u9i?tviun 15111a v.

tf

I

lviySvjq^n?'5jjfia'iyilni.ay>3tmji flnQ^ihsmffaeifmmilafia

uasfiin^lfoi^'Ueiafiulviy vhWri^^uiufnaanaifuynna^ei mil^mfiuaot'ui^uiiamimnufni^i^u

^u^ivin>a^iuniivii'3iy,l^inni?iiiyij?nn?uat^ufii1.,M,sfii wnihsinff mnn?via>amyQi9u/iifiv1vli^iylv^auv5iiJviu>3l,,Mi.i,nil?i;mfi

wnSunaiuiu ^iiiaauiiauufeTfimTHa>3myQ^yny^i9iavlilslua<?iTi stt ulyuiyuljviAfuiaifiiaiJy

Tja^vianfianniaTi^TiyT.iri'wil'atmfi

mlmuQUNvnffia vj?a3jnuaTi>3>nu<lminfiulviy^iu'3U34in foutavian

T.Aurinn?ivl3jfnima*y4l#urii^^

m^iiu ^>3viili^unvia'3myiviy(?i^nLSa<)lviyuiJiiviuYlviuT.<?i^uati<i

fiii34i.^yvinyuiiiianT*i},li)viQvinnifi'ija>3i,fi?U'5fi^ niimflfiauynu 728

a'qetfii!

vnomfil<?imaiJaiy9 vi.fi. 2547 ^ufoay'i^mmuteyi^uwYiaei

^umivl^ia^^viaTiy^sAi^^ 15.2 aiufiu ivlaviQonyT.^niT 5 tt.auanuinvil.uS vi.fi. 2549 uas^uvjwmufay *\ wiM '20 aiufiulu9 vi.fi. 2552 uu vnnviiaitw^iv1ajfiQ-i3Jt^y>3teij itesmfiajihywu iTi%3$a>3tn3J<?hi,a>rc;i m^ni9uvh:^a>3ivlNfnn3jiity<) ttfnijihsmffau&miflm^

via>3myifenann>3<?iavlil ? luThonai 5 flvlmnauiilvnTLl^mfi mivj<ajuifnfivia>3iv1yi

yoi9ulilluuuQili3J uulia ni^nai<ini>3ilii.iatvjuvi'a>3«riCivifiUv3^>3n3j

<?ii3JB'5'53JTfT^i.vjaat'i>3amuvlvia>3my'3 m^wuiinisqfluasmisirM i9u^ay^ki.a^v3l,Mmun<3fm3jvliJU(?in^n>3 ^vrii^miftaiia^ina ita^ijunii^ia1,ualiei

ni^v1wui^ui>m^mvliiiiaigji^ti»Q^aawuasjg2;iJiJui>'3fi5ia<a

flasfmeh-a *) 34i3Jinda§Jin«,a'3W,asjqs;,Miaiii6ial,y*tuaui«0iaai^ T>ai,wgj<a£fa »ut>ilui,a»auaniL^vr^^a^ni^a^iuasrua^^iiiiu(.v1auisji

iiiv1u^iviliiiJ^^^v1§^qsjuivlilalfi*3i34,wi£ius;adi'a(,muau ^iaiJ^nifiuIyiiiyviany^avianyfi?>3aivi^^<)^^unvia<)myi

^tenya>3ivjaa?T>3?iyl^T,wil?i;ivifi3JTn,iiu(?iaviuQyiia<)niia>3Yiu

u^iviiviwTuwilw^a^l?iJ>3^i?|iJial^vli^<iuua'ikf^ wwnuihjj fiQi^vjyiyT3J^a<i?jiJia^^!iil'jt;aiifiQiwajji.via'3l(?iy^ui^ Lfi^mtvl ?|iiTalia>3ni?^v3^^unvia>3Lvlyi^um^unni^^9i>3?|Tanvin^fa Thailand Privilege Card Company Limited m&nifjanam] vi.fi. 2546

vfoyiou^visiijyu 1.000 aiuinvi Tflylm3u^a>i%uiai,vjavn^iyifa'5 via^vrnQa'^viiMadiaavi nrfei(Elite Card) luasviuoaiumv)

taiieruihtmff ^pjiavn<ratinyifa?<?KinaiQ 1-aiulii'ffo^tvliwulli 1 aiuaiuinvimytu 5 9 urivia^inriiiuumVlilnii 2 9 irTtfvmy ifmlmvly^iQ 1.000 lijvhl#n^ni^i<?iviuyayyii iiyy^nTiuu

<a?. la-a ijajan

129

luni?^imu>3iu^tfa>3aa%iim^^uinyinijni?^iyfiiT^i*mi1,wmw

pJ?oayiote<?in3Jt9uwun<i 140 aiuinvilu9u?n iw^jina&lia^Auvm viilfi^ni^^^i^ni?f1ni£iaiii<ifia>3uviu<?iavtil

ni?vii^iuuiJijankaiiw.inuTia^?5iiiaT.34^in(?iay,v1Ifi'3v3ni'3 ivjaiiiyuoi?Kia<imyQa'3>3viuiIfi^ni'3t^yi &»iTfra*nTwru ^ anwin ^a?i>3fiQi3jat^t^ylwuriil?^mfi^i^T.uviiua>3Lliyinu wiu Ifmrm momvn lija^uvtfru Tfi^ni'atil^riufiil.uyiunuuvl 5 (Fifth Avenue) ^a>3UfiTUQya4fi^wa^rifii^ia<)v1a^luTanv1^a4v1ijlilvia>3^infiu^viy teiywut9u^iuQU3Jinivjavjinuvlil^>3iuuataniuvi uaslfnom?

iaal3ja?vl^ijaa^uuuQwui^ia>3a^nqu'4<iwau<?ia<)viiivliJ via^in teiywu^iuQuajinmam'ji.^ysjm'jT.iluai Tfn<am?vht;ari<)iija<3 Ivmluww&ivn^fiTuiynn^^

uan^infrcimSuwi^Aiuifftwjfaua'j nTnia<Hvfenj1wa n^^iAviEyviaQ^ymehuQ&jusTJSJ T^yiaviisriaa^fiaj^uyaj miaantayuuuupj^wfu^fijjl.viy i<^ufiT5m9ua>aYiwa4il?^iinfi

iSal(?iQ<3wuTj??jji1§4naiyvjue lilauuinluiiimuThdniiatyi^y

fmm9uVifiviuvi lu^fiu^vlmul^diyvlafifi^^uni^/iiwilviy fitui^uuwfwil^y^iiuiym ta>iuy§jvi(?ilviyilupJi<i t9um^ari>3<?iuiiuij vftajfiT,vifiulviy IsJiavntu^lumiVKFimiuu luni?wjyuviu>3ia«2f<]3J nainaun?a>auinnw{unu ^Qay'i>3v1i.^u^viav5il^iuriviu>3^afa Thailand

Stand-Up ^i^yuI^yviiJlnwi^u^ldini'anitviTQ^viiul^y wvh viuivl^uiaSauijuaajaouaj^iJia •wu^aia'uuljfhuyajvtoinuiyn

%3JU9i?ua^aouiyn?|§ju<?i1 uatfeiml.viyiJupJ^inauvjniJitTyfi flaaeivioiaaj vlili^niwilviynaiyi9uriiwivjuvii'3ay,i<iajjii'3at uu'at

iSal^fiulviyi?3jl^ii*iT.viyLviSa'utuviu>3^aia,3Juay,i>3uvi?viaiy iliauuQU^yfilisj^uinmviyyawlna^^ia^

730

ffofraui

a^unTsulmmMwiuau ^lauiviaiufnTO^a^^a^ly,^

tmlufmynai^ajftonwu «i firm® mi fruynmiuuau^a&iviyQiju

fjuym^aajima^Su gu&bsipj fjuymfiTuTaya-i?aumfi fiuyYm miriiutWhiiasinnTs I^yfiulu^iJiaTJaijaT>3n>3i.9umma>3nqway,iv3

Trumi "Talaeina*"- ^fiulviyrn 99% lawnta fjuaiivlifu fiuyna^u 4/1/

^

•

.

1

uasdjuiwuwfaiviao fmynTrria^iviyiiiaEftuyaTjfnvj miYiwiuan

a^ivianuy^ftanTuilito^ unTevwrm L?3jliJtiaQu^il?taij9tyviiiviin^i^ni?f1nwifi'3i3Ji9uvlilT,v5iuat m^iimwiuay'i^ria^uvuiyriau <?i'3ay'n>3WJum<3^ta?Toilia<3lviylw9u •ffuyriai<wa<mvlmlu/iflfnfiiaw1y wa^inwa^Ifn^miuyoaajan

fianfianu ua^w^iuQiQi^^il^aiJfiQn^ai^^njjYl^iJiaTsjwEunli Tfrttniwiaiu^tfm!]^

vii>3^iuiia<iiuf\ik9uv1ya3Jiiinuitai'3iiufiivii>3i]^tynuaiJ mfiIuIay^ti9u^Q^i(?iT.uauifi^Qn\fi?LLa^^>3fi^lviu^^k9uwlv5i

ibt/[y«Hua<ia<?r iifllahi^AnWroEjasta illa<)lviyiriaiviawmbsmfi winm?i^bijiiniif1nw^a>3L?ivj<j9JUTl,iJay,i>3ifa<i^iuatvt3Jnnvi"i>3

i1a>iui.9uvlvi?Tunulivirita^fin'5aua<i% wiu anunonufitu^n^wmi mtflnwim'^ifuiaEarnmifinfcn vjNVJwa^yuatimaniaani.wyii.m

ifiuihssi T^yiavjntla§ja<?inufi'3iJ4aT3JT'5nT,um'5u<?j>3iiu*ff>3anniiu uiunrwffia International Institute for Management Development

(IMD) w3Jvtaanw^^9u?^y9LV^a^v^!J^fl^^3Ja^3J^'?nlunl<5l.l,<ii^^,?lu«^Ja<l lu9 vj.fi. 2544 ^uiyni vtnwruminvnul^mfi TjeifmajaiajTan

T.uni'5i.t4ii<im«ija>3vlviyay,*luau<?i'ijvl 38 wtotutu 49 ibsmfiuaEehron

iJ-jsmfAuiawfy wiu a^fili&iatllfvnu ny^iuanafinao IMD lhs^ifl. vj.ft. 2548 ii>3Qn^fiQiwai§Ji?riluni'5i.d>3W^a>3T.viyayluau<?iiiv1 27 qirrarurm 60 ibsmfi ud&wajvia^fiTillua:^^^

as. lai ijaj34i

737

l3Ju'iiiiJanl^v1l(?ifiii34ai3Ji'5nT.uni'5u,3i<iiiuija>3i.'3n9ii3Jvia>3

iJ^mfiaum?i^fiu4^ivini?f1nwiija<ii?iaylu^^ii<?i"i3jnn nanu

Tja>iafiim?f1nwiifla9 vi.ff. 2546 ii<mwa&4tivmviT<ninnY3Tia>3 tf

1

1

„

%/

uni^yu^uitesn^finimlvj 6 ua^3JBy§jfinw9v1 3 LuQTivlujpufia fitu^fna<ji4 ivmifnaei? /liwilviyuaii/nyiaonqwyo^nnQitnuini ^tvly^w^fisjflnwiLviiuuvlwiuLnui^ uan^nuum^fnianuVi •1/

1-*

viT^nrtf1n»i^a<iunkfyumwjijy3Jf1nu-i9vi 6 vjimfnTajaiNiitivmrnui n^?fl^fi^u^ulua^n^'5Qlfl'^^svly<)<?i^n^^l.ntusKl(?l'^y, #a3jaiija^mwja>3

aiun>3iufitu^n'3<3jjni'3ni?f1nwiv1u|iuaivifii9 vi.fi. 2547 ikm wa^qviBluinoimmajiiu tuin<r3Tnaeia>3 LKHlajwQinT.viu^unklyulviy aai/Uunu 50% ^a^nfuwieiaai)2

ni?LLii>3^unuwa(?i^ufinf|Cii]ajfyiuatmfiTuTay wa^nr? fni3jan3jn?n^iufiJU9ifna<?i4uatQviyifna(?i4a>3 umlinlviyTeiyvnlil

ilnayvhy «] iSaimiiufiiJi.f1naulunvlTan ^Tiayi!nlviyT,fe<naiiay «•} LL^fiQi3jaitf^^a<)'i^n9asl-3Jnfiu^!ivl3JviTl,MfiuvlviyI(?i yvnlil iwwiiu */

ifA M *> A

a T M

nuwau l^iujavnni,v5in Uwu V

vuv1nn?fini*ima^uaauiJini,9yn3Jin u<?iamiium?f1nwi

?s^i)3JviiQviyiaywv^^uiJTU^anm^lui}Q>3vifiQT3^wnu5Ji uan^nnuu

u<HatanTiJuy>3u^<inuaanT.ili9v5iai,Bi<?ii3Jvi<?ii>3 i uueiijvnjj vhlvflj fiuyinnTsa^uflninivjajmimi 300 uvwuasiauaaaum 1.000 viana<?i?

9viuo *] afniJui.viaiu^wa^ijfu^i^iaanajn^iuQusjnn •snnit^u

auiMtytyi^iun^^n-QiJEU^i?! u^fimnivjT^yviQliJ^iii.aslaJ^^riiifiQiaj 1 : mun^iuiamsnTjamnntlntn TiujiuajdnrsfimwitaatoiimNmiiiJQpJm'Sflnui'lu flnfl. 2546. viui viii

2: OTijj^TiyjmluvivwSawjn^vi^uihjamriaimOTihK^nwvi 30 jjimiuu 2548. vmi 1 732

gfa®31J!

fem^aufi^fto vhtvirn 30% fla*ifcu4fewin<aiu itaifiurymffeji'jfn uatafyvifviyl^yiilaiiJ'aKly^u3 #anaiTmvm3Jvmviyiaynaiyi,9u

uviawiufniajirii «i l.lataTlOTlyvlll,MwaaullaiiWll1vn?3J^nn'^^nT^aTl^3 a^fifimm Lvi3Juiiluy>3^u3JUTViunjJimiu

Iflya^iifhte'iytyvam^fln^^

vwiyJMYf'Qti UYiumzivum^^yiumaauw9iya^mNL7^uu^t,saa<i mawnNn?imumvmihnvifi1,u9 vj.fi. 2544 ifainaihsmfi Ifl?3Jfl?^waanw^^^^lsyn?^llf1nw^^a^3^^^Slua^^^?nviT1,^ma^3vlvly

nW[wflihjj(Leap Frog) lhsmfiivlauihulflriii?^ vieKmninvm ibtmfiT.Ai.naij 5 9 l9uv1ll?I;^n^lLla'^Q^fi1ll?Jimf1uul.9ul.vJy^3

fiifiyanwiuifiy mri^ni?f1nwlviyy>3Ui^vivirii^i;ai34n?fin?tT(?i(?iTJijj wrc lei

«Bi?iyy>3sitL<?iu<?n3JVia>3wau Luv?nun^5a?i>3u?>3>nuvii<iiltyty'i

uatmfiTuTayv1^ii9uayh>3ivjy>3VjaaTvi^iiLd<)^uni)QiT>3il?smfi<luyfi TamM^uaJinmuffean i.ny'3niii,1a<3U(?iTfu^Qv^sua>3a>3fin^a World

Economic Forum (WEF) i9uehv1ao WEF flnijnfmsjvnaaiiia^

ibsmft*?™ «i v1^i!iMam'a^aTi«3,?iuI^ymfiTuTayaT5aumfi aivi?ii9 vj.fi. 2548 Iviyayluaneiim 36 §>3<?ii3JVia<)il'5tmfitv1au,LJTUin>3il?5iLvifi

uimuvnilaJmu^u wiu &fiTitf(auehji) aa>3n>3(aueiii7) l<£fvnu(aueii)i5) uatuiiawfy (auKii27)

ijijiauanairnJi "yviEfinaei?" anvnmtmJtyvnaTJVjfl u<?iT.ufmjji9u^>3ua'3uui9uufim'jT,^ "fhl<?r MavmtwinAfni^eK) 3 =a'lun.miainBrma/nnTSftafcn nyjiwa/n^m7f?n»i1vi£jwaiJ7£inifu9 2546.- wiiijjiJfltL/ / twrivfi uifnmrw. tp%u. mpvmn • 2547. vmi (7): Tiuajaa^wfla-jfltyvn^a-anTs^ntmiu

qwj4«1nwi}j'lufltutnT5}jnT3nT5^nwiiivijT5i7i ?i£Miurm™ui?a«j Ifl?om?™uiwamviu0 uwufiffWffmLru^wjjfJnwi (University Mapping) /ma airsm uasntus .n«iYiw*i = nEJjMiutLQTiJa^Nfiriwn ana. 2546

GIS. la^ UQJ8J1

133

uatari<ifiii3JiJ'5tviijT.^iun,fiuvl3jnlwlall^ taflWNmafliNlaJvimvjTi:;

IsJvi'jiij^iasyaayioasLayA "yvmfnaen" ifiumwlu "filler fejma wnfey'n^vljjLvlayt'Bui.^yiriiianviany «i fin wot "irmnmr "wton"

"%ala" uat "Saan^vj" iwim^flnwInttilutfM 5 viwiuNi wait

?|inal3JwyviBfna<?i4viuvi^ TfywnTwin «| ^Amujiihuflanmfl IwaiJ?ifi^inn7aijai^a^Yiivi«isa«flaa/iiv«^fl«uastffiTS5n^iiaj ibsiviffi ^ijjvt4nn?f1nwin<3fiii^i9ulil^uatfiin^^3jfiil.uni?a>3viu(?iiy

uaniviuWinuu ni^iila^u^ajwiliiay *\ &i9uni^h>5iJnjvn

^nnmnv1^trialwfiAni^iiifiaauuIyiiiyayi<i<?iaiua>3 uiymjpuen TOfnwwfjjyiiqslwmaa'iflfyfl^ Two wn^riiumnjmwlinmim^ ivjy>3 3 iHaunQn *\ iia^ua«jaan«il,vii,wuaa,i'3iw^'3i,bji4fi<l^ lbsilmwa^nitflntnaaiJiivfaTj Vi^V^ni^ffottiuunru an uat^a>ani?ni?^n^uvt<)vii>3<?iiumfiufiua'ii(?iiu^?y^?3J T.aJwh'Um ni?^v?im?f1nwiuui9u^>3v1^fin3ja'KLay(?ia,au yinCk tmiaiuat

l«ai«i7ti^ifliifluwTia^WYiuyi^riwiai3Ji'5ii>iinij«iuau,l^i wiufliuiffswfta m-amliJaauWuilyu 45 uiYiujaillaunuEJiEJU i

t<

vj.fi. 2546 ua^v3ay,i<iu^'3^diuiyn?|wumSiiuQfiQi§jf1v?ivlwv?iivjyu Tflusja<ailfyvn?in *\ i9uTamaiia>3m45<5ian<?itv1a^Q>3%oviuin?tj<?iiw uasnaina^a uan^nnuunn?LiinT.ii^aui9u<?iiayi<)y>3iLa<?ijT,w,Muii uan^inuiani ^KT^wil^wa^ni,5f1n»iiiaQ^«i,ifjauiinilvifi?aai'3 uiaeiaanehy

?5inawa*ni?iJjniJrn,jfln*n uriuri^wvllaJNnSjvia^vm

ni?finwniraii,9uihp4u<?i? vhliH5aumvma^ijtfQ>3<iiuflna4nu T^tenni^ilSl1'ri'|^^id'ifiaasT,'3uativjaa!i,l? ^ualtaijajueilfiuviUvi (wniinaiTJi "^UMiuu^&w^uii^m^iiath^amrdQriJm's^niti fy«uw?uwa3fluiwia£/1un7:™rM^ OS

734

V

sfa®31l!

hJwfiaunu"4 mwSavW "raj wi an" fttfiJaumaliuWbi^TQuvi 28 &vnfwj vj.fi. 2548 Tiy<imnn?naiiLil(?i>3iuiaiuivlT?>3i,1yui.Lvi<iviu<iTja>3

uiewwjtuvi aiuiuw ?|ma1iini?msvm<)f1nwiijn'n Sl^fnnajeiauviiu

in 'Wjdg^nrsfinmmtimiimitJilttai it/^miimvvmim^i^mriz mtmi^n^imi^iu^m^mriJwlm^fi^ iwiazigwrrszvnimi 3mnntfauvwz®ajuniltyviiT,viqj 'iriu wmzazhifinfitiuou 34. 3 uailjaTum^al&aan" vtu>3iavjwvj%iJiiilyifiUTiy>3iu<?iiyiT u. vj. mmi

Q«MM£J a^ei?|3JU<?i1iim?n'3s;vi'5i<if1nu-ism'5na,iiii "mjfintn vaj\}ixmft\mmMa\mmmmiu m simaimJiuW,®" &ii,9ufhvj<?i V

il

I

_

iia^vhuvrvrnvnafimi ^uumvjvlil'ann^aanuifia If^m-seno *| %r

•

3jnvlinuayi4aniaiLmnuua^n^ny^Snauaiy,,ua>3ni?viiv3wavii>3

nrsiiiaoanefay wiu Tfi?^m?T.^viuunf1nHii,vjawa(?ifi?viana<?i? 5 9

maLiJayu^§JumTfit>3ni?u^a<)v1ijlilvia^^nn^unf1ni*il^iv1y>3'3u

iflthm 2,500 fiu Im^3n^?^unf1nwl^^nu<?iatalu^atVJa?l)Vlusl^n naoaainnuaii^i 4oi9uwu?'iyT,<?isnnm'5a,<iia?34ainy3j^i1,uviwfiu^u vhmiay'vniiLii ^uin^wa^yn<)^uiAunf1nwiw^viul,iJn'5Kl<?i<?i^n<?iiy

luil?tmftiya?3Jum?isTjJvifa34v1siKliJiw%fynnitlu<?iiv3ii,AU Tfiurm aWtawaulutjlu Wu<?iatait/ianiviu<?ii.i]ivi3Jiyviainviaiy1.,wl?<iLlyu vh ^^lw'ya3JlMn1?aullauuay,1^^vlalv1y^3a^^^^fll^3JnAv^ul^^NlJ?vl^^ Twwau ^>3^ui^wa^uiym?aniuuni?f1nwiuvi>3viu>3lunifi1,lisJi<?iieiiy LJjana-vi9 vj.fi. 2548

a/iivjiwu^iiik?>3>3iulviy^iL9uvl^!i<?ia>3vii>3iu'3ii^i) "mmaer

rialiJay'i^iuaei mTM%uia<?ia<in"i'5wanAuT.'MilSa<iT.viyL9u "®mam" uvi^iak^y^unn-jyajJiiilAyilfyiyint^a^lviy^t^uw^iiyu^^iu 4: iJawa atHwnflTj "t/flji/nTjfJntn vrnwioatowtAjSuluauifler In fheuiftmhsinflUiti 2552 woijilyjTwy itltJjjffnOT qtu-irmhsmJ. n^unvn : jivuliwuitwimn. 2548. viui 157

a?, la-a ijqj&i

135

rialiJ ^nvjinnuuaei uassjnu w\ lut^iinTJwmeia I

laiTflf'*"'* V

V

uasa^ifnmfiluTayftaShiylv^ imimilaJwmmitfnynivjvRta?™ ifi1a>3 yu^a<i?n yu^aui9uiufii^ia>3yfia9iaivin??««s<) wnuliluiuuai

Ianiav1fiulviy^Kl^waiJ?tTy^ua'3aAautn<?i^inni<jwa<?i^ufin/i5

flajtynuasmfiluTayjjuaysjin uuvwiyfnisjin L?i^ii9u<?ia>3VMvn <Hi>3iJttLvifi^aliliv1aaua>3fiii^^a'3ni?vii>3^nuivifiTuTayiia<)L'5i

^mvhiTijm?fi4i43fnm^ myuan

l3Ji%vjitlunnfia^aivin??3jmiuuv1i,?i^t<?ia<iay'T,uafini«j 1la^3w4luua9luat;«?^yl(?l^.u?t^lJ9i^ lunimnw^nr^mtfunu

^ayrinfimw^?SiJ?i5viiiuiAyn^iuiuviu<)4<ia?n<ifiinijii?iy

ajviifna^innn^wamiatmTfliyaHifnmwn'? umnwmn^diulviqj framiyl^ajvianimy^hy vinT.vf^nayT.ui^iuuaofinajyin^uuat rm^uaHtauvmeb Tfltiwwnsimui fni§jyin^uiiawiuii9u9tijvn aau^u^auuat;Lla^3>iiL9ui.iaiunuuat;y'3aaii^ii^au3Jin,?iu

wa>3^inni'5^aai?tLai;ni?fi§juifi3jyfilvi§4Ltvj'5liJn>3viini,<!ii ivmE

iJiiui^fiiijj^a^ni?ivl3jlu^mtmiyl^inni?viiuiSl^Lvl3j<?ii3jT,il luaei^nlnaiflyjnu maw3J,^J1u^lvJvl^^^lu^<?la^3n^'5TvlTnf1u wfjuiias

imaoi.a,ui^y>3<nn>3 «i wa«nuuimui?ia'3mwiauwuas»jaiwafl<iffi urivluiiiatTifmral^ilw^ v1uinaiia^a>3ivjritni?ii.ii>3^uilua,iu*lviviiyivi

ay'i^?n^i3Jijniuia,iulvityT,3Jfii?^s9inay,<lu^iu,?ia<)fiin3J yinsjumnsm 75% wv1uii,9uiia<i<?iuia^3Jinvjavi^tai3Ji?niay<i9iiLa<3l(?i

viinvjin^iSfiinwml^luuuiflAt1a>3tmi^n^viaLv1y<i^luwai>3vi?>3 il'5tviiul,vivia>3Si'ininAinq'?iifi?i^n^)L5a9 vj.fi. 2540 umiuifieiau iltKtaf^ul^ifiyl^iinn^auiiauu^in^iinaivjauiliJ^niiiJgij^ ay'i<inii>3^ii>3ua^?<i^<iuan^inivjy<)a§4ilini,vi?i!J^i)ia34<)a?i>3 136

sta®qij!

w^wti.^Qi^iQwiliial^a'n'alaJl.aJ^Eannsfsfli^fl'aigj'fi'S'aa uowmunfi t8j4ii9u<aa^mn^uwinwQntiii4in^pi^n84^a^ni'5'l,wa£itu^aiji,?j<a

sia-aaQia^niSmuaseiufla^m emfiwiiu^Ama^iff'^TfayiawEM nruTmo ?J3jlnuei^^?aiJfia3jni?^ii,HufQ<?ivjrimuuanLViua^nnni? mifrulQtfiiawQuVlviEj5 vnnmwajiibsynalMluiJmyi^awfi lm^uSuwSja^uimia:Afn^<Ha^nijW

s : nuatiatJffwIumwSaSa T«ftauann 4 wjjmvweraflwjnfluiwauiju'iflw 2549 Tatnfftamifu

maoluaiianSmaiitjFrsa-rrmfjn'Ju 60 0 najvnsuTna^iw^vnswiayvi'Jjjijviaa^aiwif

si's,

Isfa isn

uojin * Of

137

@i .

Istt UaJSJI

139

uvm 8 I

I

fi/«S

O

Cm

vjnilufl&jrmnftouasmttfu "vla?u^"(Forbes) ^suiimen ^viiifttulviQTfinaji^au^iJfiQiajfiT^Ej shviTuil w.ff. 2548 £taa inei^

(Bill Gates) m^fiQiajiflwi^^am^tviumuuuiiluilM 11 ftarianu foawafmaw^Ejiuetias 46.500 aiueiaeism ma m 1.9 amaiuinn

uan^nn Cera m<?i^ ^iSunnlu^ium43efTi^IiJ'3un?3J^a«<w'3i<?ia'fi,t^ WYiaanuauAimu «i anvns?n^in&QniJfia3Jvni,<?ia'j<?n£j muilurm

wanmarifrMviuriY wun<?iium<nTuIayvi^i>3fi'3i3JiiJsyuuiJs>3<lviIsn

uiiurrnrnsWi ^^i3u(raiJ^l£jmYii<im'5Wu^in<n'3n§JiiJa£jmi,iJa>3am>3

lvityvig^<iuu ^raaw gnu laulin^Juan Enriquez) flMuluviVM^a £jaflU£J3Jna>nrfa As the Future Catches You fl^iunwajw

iu^fife^iuiJsi9ulviEJiiei^1,vffier3i waauimlamfim wmmvmunuH Oeia m<?i^ uatfiuitiSuviQ^ntlvitylum^^n^mfiTuIeiS^^Qnaa ^n'alwfi^niiil2^iQ^™wauasi2uv<^ffTi>3<nauan^ 3 luniTOflaumjfroiHTvrcuflftu £fiulviEjfi<aa£J<?h£j 3 fm

fiuT3UYta<aa^tuau<aim 194 ^a^nuatSyiTVJ^uiJttiSuT.^n'ai wwiiHufhuinvi etauan 2 fiu^vianviiVjylu'at^iivi^nviSuaiuiJiYi ym 3 mMmftaNinantj LL^dQu^3jntinn£!iiQn'3iJaEJ^s;(<?iT,liufiB?n^wa<?i ifna^lswvnnmaanaaaa^a^fmu'sri F^wawfi1a>3A3J,ffrha>3 ua^uvi

2 uatB-jnsiwa^aivn^a^fiun 3 uan^ineniamwi^ imtta^rmien

llsif&iViU>3§>3VilT,VI 3 afi§4V11lftTa|lviEJg;f?1>3f1Q13jil'5'3EjqU^(?iaU<?lljTfin 140

gfo®3U!

SuffiiiasijImivioTan Ui^in<?iadufi^a<ivlvi£j4v)t9uiv1y>3^)^tlw(?iuuat; ^u^nai>aT,uvi^mTni^fi^iia>3WQni'anm"iuu luiiwsiia/iwviiift^lvioflgfl^Suvi^wauij^iSuvilJuiflu iteiuaiuinviu frafj^lyiaanrm 8 mufmlita^YitmEmua^foiSu

fmwluTm4m™AAiiNmn^uiia>3%LnA mriEllri&jl^wat.aEm'iAi lija^u am>alinm^r(/ii^fiQi3jmaa^^i<snn^>3Vi1afi'3i3JVljJLg;(34ariifi

<am<?iuStei,%rntluiwa>3vlyiymnuu vnn^^atjmvinwajlsn lu^vi?^ ai^?nn«>3^^Qi^mQViuiLViuaiJ?ttvi^auuat5iutmw|fi^Lil>3Lm?<!

37 liiuftum^naylufinQtynn^u^u^vinl^l3Jwai,^£j>3iJinLay<i^a>3

immMnwviagaifffci <liaoi??aui1atjlilufJty>3^?iQuviu^^Ejm'5 vnaivm^nnra&js

^mvjuu^tiau^^iiJs)f^5ja<wu^^Ssji^3a(?itl'3s;^fti^(?i4 uuaa Pi-3i§j£jin^ut?luiia^piniil(^p)3J^u^y lamffofl34uuqs<w<ami

vhlvWlviyllriylflriamiYwmyrc 4 ivrwh ayi^non^uutQum™

^nnfhifcaufri&ifwriQulvisyijnnaihlw^ iia^^uivlEj^n^ulu^tu^fiu^uajinrnmumri^Qiajivilaw^i Vila fiQi3jT^i9u^3?3J^>3SisunliJg:{^Qi3JU<?ini.i,tjria&Ji>3Twi,i?>3 woiurrnrrciwiEj

viiJiftTOjnwn^inwawSwjrja'njJiia^Safijj Vila %?m

SI'S. l«rt IJfym

747

m?iluwfwa4ni?w^unWUivifn£m efauvil^nua^um

visnaWiun "f)'i^/ii?^v?fff)'3W,bjiff3Ja<mf)"(Gini Coefficient) f<m

QBlfafiau#n>3a£u#u#au iwia^ik'iu *] lemim^itaim'inii "o" vnn iJ^Tiifwvin^ul^QuiJwwfimimEjajnu vnnnTsiJuwa^nadlu^a^iaofiu «i 1

V

I

vnalnman Mr m?i^^ii34ljJif(3jariifiwau<luyjn^<ifi3Ji,t9ilu<siiut; iliEnnu nT^wlmfiul^^uvi^^T^iind^vinaEJi^Qt^mtJ^wt^tjQ ^ivitu

iJ^mftlyiy^uan^^^nvi^iJil vj.pi. 2547 ^^nuQuiI^ydnuniAi^uT

imwjn^^^uuatni?n?^i£jri£jl^a>3^iun>jiufimtn^§jniT^^u"i iffTO2P^ii«^fl»juvMinvl(flfW.) ativi 0.499' I^y^Q^a^3Juia<ifin^a>3^ul3Jf(i3Ji?fi§iJ>3tei§JUfi1^i;i9u

ivhTsWsvn-u "0" nu "1" wtilyndim^uu^uuayluiiufmaj i2ufiTJ3J%3&3tt3JEjamu ftEuu^£nmiJ?mjmmJinfl«uu rmiilfuij

mmjajn^nnm^iUAmuiu'gwtu^neri lua^nnihsmfflmEJibEaij ^n^onftiHin^^lvi^jiSail w.ff. 2540 m^iiffmjiYiuij^ijrmi ?i™dn>3#x?fflehaflnii^i?ma>3!!l vi.ft. 2539 "fh&jih^BTOialaJiffija /ii<fi" na^tl vifl. 2539 aavi 0.491 wflirmfrwi&nji w.ft. 2547 ilnuau

vmvmiufl'riwQifrcisj'bJisftia/rifl fmaivraaNa'Whfi.a vreaa-m1ananam>3 viu^^^,^^a^^^^3?tvl^1^^^u?^ynlJf1u^uautj^3lJanf1^^JJVl3jLLl'WB<5?3J

^"bjuiuilanl^i^a^Yi&j^fti^tnnsiumi 8 fiiufmwfaaj «•) nu Itenwvnifl^ftaauAuTein 3fiu<?iQ£j ^u^te^fiQiijljJi^jja/infiayi'auwtviai&ianlf'aviuj^iuQtu ^nnni-svii^ftQuuiJ^lu^vl^ia^nfiwviCitiEjlli^aw 20% efaoshuuu<3 1 : dmnw«mnifr'jM2n^'i|jrtuuasnTin'iwi!jr»o,lw diunjiufinujnnjjnTsvisjJWiftndjnsiiai ftjfljjuvwtfili ffnium*fiijmn«*iflr?elflB8*Irii/3 2547

742

gfo®31J!

(TITM 2 : W«WQeifl'31«I*lJ«1iftJgs:4lll VJ.fl. 2548* lhatia

fiiefau 7.6 8.4

8.6

7.5

8.2

5.0

. qjiju .

7.3 1

ffieiwa'SiKmA

9.1 •

e

Imuran

9.5

8.9

i

E-fiimi

9.2

Iyiej

3.8

ywc\ -. Transparency International

^adi^^ui^ul^tniJQniiniTn^9il^Lmfi^Tn-3a"ivl^aiji,m>3n'ii

5o,ooo muHaS w.ff. 2547 fwiwa^rfntiia«3^i^&jvii&ii,9uwui1nau 2.2 yjumuuiYi mtisw?Q34vi^«iS^iu'3U3jnnuat^inviainviaiEjfiSvia'3 •us

U

iSunn^lviLViUQiniiyi^^uyiin^^mliJluyin^a-j^t^aj^^wlriy ni?ciaijfiQu^a^9ii^^iJ^diwyi^^iJ'5Jinaij^^j'lji'3i8snn'3*3^^ij 10 <3tuw

3 fiu •frmflniT^u 9 ^tutu 3 fiu ihrrafmTstehj 8 iiuiu 5 fm iii^vriWhjfififi 6 u?#yi uftflavmiJ 20 fiu uan^inuusijsmn'n

184

staflqu!

u,?^i,rtfuua>3il?^mffYlafy1,una3>iIsnv1 1 ^SYh^iajnginnw <2ia>3^Pi34aEJn<inQi'3aoQn>3 ^^^i^nufiulviEJ^ajn^iyuatlwfiatJifiT'avi \j

d

a

n/nnw/Ki mu Ynvi3jnnjsm^uttimu^u?nuumias34ai,<?ia'5?l«fffl

Liaumnua&ii>3uvi'5viaitJ nn?M<iQf(^viaija>3T,Yluvi^iri?msnimii,^f£jQnu

v^qlinTaajimtuuviulajjT.wvluT.u 12 lJrawfoa^Tffrm 1 urituiija^YiEj ^aEJvhlilvinviuvinum . «/

•

1

>

^u?Q<?i|numtvii^i3jngmm^iia<i^fi3Jv1^ift£yS<iam>3ViU4 l<?iunni^fi'3nijaa%aiJa>3a>3<nn?B??jJifiuia^ina (Transparency International) Wleinsnifi4lQUi>mAQtuuYiYl 8 vnniTiUTOWufrctti %a%ana>3lviEjT,iJi,u?£Junuiia>3 12 ltewftluTanyi 1 v1n?imM"i>3WU

kti^^tv1ul^tJini.ayQi^T^n>3nu^iiJiuvlTnu^u(<?)iTi<i 2)

Uiiavnt

^aajmja^fcl^miuuvlu^i&sfi^^

Tia^a

^a^fiulYitjmmuuu ^^siv1utennni^iT3^^n3Jiv1ui,nmnuniTKi^ lua<3f^n^a<im^i^v1i,a3j^/iSvlaifyma'?iauu,m£Ji) vj.fi.2548 ^viuqi

w^aufhtrmfva 98% iv1udnnniYisil9ii9uilnjvii^yu?>3^a>3?5iuuB^^1,ri&j6 i^flucfincni^nijaJ'aSJtiipft'uIan'Ji 1 tuua^imyanadi<iWM«a Aulna tv^fiAMailmsftaaamflm

6 : roijJviTmoWluvivwSawjm jjwsu ih;«-nuEfof)T5Yi 8 wqframtiu w.fl. 2548. van 20

AS. IsfQ UaJ3J1

783

u^5^^Bill^£j^a^raimri^n3j%BT33JUty vinrr^uiaSiJEMirKiajin tvawifluu

^nei^^i9uiwl^niTKii4%ftfiiI<?i£jftiJU'm( ihti&rvmi l^aimstmiWlw ivjT)^l3J^a^ui^^T3^sauiiijn^<innTyin<)miia>3%3JU^ Whumttfeuueia'iAi.elir fiulviamhsmjmmm'm'iumT

nTjtesuauutEffiihJlflu atJiAn^T3J?tuu<?iai^i,^n2i,ntu*»ii,i,uuau

viin^^ajulvtin^ij^^^viffiivi^^^ wiu wwamiaswuftnfivitaneiaj 11ao wwa<?i uat wu^Tnfi^ sKa^laJ^*uui^*lviiy3Jin^uenamn'Ufa"iu"i<\) wnflifllvwisnflU) ?^^a>3i9uw(?iu?iTjj1.vtin^niQ^^uuutv1alvt^ai^ ijm^iwiMuuiftJifiuim'H uuflawnviunv1,iia>3^t!<?ia>3'3i'39iQiClunaT>3 V

lA H *MU

vT>3Ylui^^|nQmm^iia<i9iai^i,ffiiiaua£ji>3da^i.m ueifitus •?j3Ju<?i?aiiaounyn,i vlnwmmaunQuviui^T^w^n^^Qu^uei^a^

fi^aufi^atjlu-anjuifiii^n^ vi^^nnmtSu^u^lnUidT.fi'JU^w^viivl Qi^sa(?iuviunvii)a>39iuia4T.U(?iiuni?viiB?ni\i enwNYinfiu^s&avtui ttwivnTamflflmunVnwaliJ vinlvtiiTJEjmwiiu^vlnfii'in^uaQluuvi vi '8 mu3um?asuj0n/]inm^iu^e^ Wriiwi^uuan^ndiQteiiiSa<ilviEjl^STam^n^T^^^uuunu

(Leap Frog) v1si^wUnmQviui^3Ju'?Ki,YifiauliJdIanv1 1 aErvarwir) uriuaoluiwviwSSflnwusfllhmu uuflaluuihstfiih/taiauaiAfeuu <sifii(?iig^i,i:uu^muui^iviuun • mavslviy^^J^isrann^fe^auunuivlaiihlu'dlanYl 1 aEftrneim

l&wrisjpuvmftafiNi^

12 lhsivifi

vlnemno

3Tutn3£fofl*m&&yffa£ivH^ 782

sj^®«au!

T,&u»ri

?jfjTsaucyauutvmfrt^srm luvii>3^>3^i^vjqlin^§4,?ja^i,?ii3jn^"KViau riiv^jnniilfMaanHiam^u&fa^^ "m^mm^iljzmflmvifiaunvmjvjmim&Yi" uas '"U'azinmJl.wE]

\,i^^m\.^^m^m^um^irs^aiuYi 31 eienfiu vi.ff. 2548 qi "mummriftuavniwlfoiAqVfimjia fetmaan &.&. %svim)mwi®

uuuauii^t^aAmvni^<nu^LQu^L^myi^itn^i^u^if)(F\n^t

enavurmriunufi ^^34>avi3JiEJuasQfniiu1vinTu1i5Vi9ii^nuni? .utvn?u'?^mfiuuQU''5^iBilT.<?iyI^i£j^uifo nitulvmulwvilajl^vilin

ihrriihJWiEj i^j^wjJavijjiEJivlaiun^vnml^

uammuu

^a^in^^a^wulvin^ulwvil^un^uvin/jviwitj dQuwqein'mi?fau<?h ^a^n^:a9uayn>3M3Jtm9u&3?hf^ aim usuuwna-R^ "vn^Iqi,tiJuT,?^li" TeituT^fjwa-!hy<?ia&)fijj ebu' wufvmihtiYifi-Ma^ifoiNnnnQnuu imisraiifluYMiififiawuiiuii

lurewumraa^'raiwf finvj^ustvjq9ln^ij^a>3i,'Bi^wein?5iviu9ia£;}'3U'3/33J uatu£jlumu9li<i «i T3«wwiufiQi«^wuTnwdi^iJ«ivifi9na fiiwi 1

V

luuui "mauWwa" wailiyvnm«1w9u "msmzYiiiia^h'smz^an"

iiaouiani vfnfiruuu wuivin^iwvj^mTi^ulaJN^nciviJj'i&j umnon %3mei1w<?il3Jlflvifal^^^ iwiiiulaivijri^'milawinjju^^

vi^^inulviitiJ-fSjmfi^Ejfjuigiw^a'ij 4 9 Wmiaan&a e(§ji%netmwuviu7*iw2?i,Sa<?iu9 vi.fi. 2548 vi.ei.vi. vmwuuefeufmaj

^a>ani?ayi>3u^nmv1^^T>vfl>^i3Ji^>3i,^£j>3f{'3U3>iinn«3 400 lu 500 iSm um9unn?uafl<)iq9mu>3fr39ianghnnV^^

AS. T.gf-3 UQJSJ1

787

dQuniTM^KTi^fiQi§4mn^ulvtviaj^lu,^ini^a<ivlviEjnialu9 vj.fi. 2552 uu fi>u9uiv1y«3?toum^a>3u'Tinnm^tu "unntauuulifoei" ^Quarro-tiis

u"^n9tQ^a<iui!ijn^u9il3Jinmini^iuiaEjn>3tm^ iJ%^u^aav1m'5v7'39Jui^fi3jvlYiEjliJdTsnvi 1tfomlviyftaulvity fi>3fla>3m^jjinnQimT!%miT,u,sm^

laaa

fo:mvi9iuflim*j^u!iuii?^

\f\r\Y\ 1 l^Tnuaymju^ ? fheiauefu nr fia mosnniifmnJ'szmmri • v

5ifuliui/jfifflooi^fiui^^

gfiifqivintivi<?i

ifa^yvienejatrale)EJiftvjn^&jeialiJu

lumu^a<inn?fetuauu,^^imJT,9i£j4<iiSa>3lviywiJ?tfiunnicu

l3Jsjinuniv1iiJunu^<ifi3J<«a<iTsnv1 1 vf>3fiuvlvi&juaii?|uiaT,viEj1.3Jsl^ tf

1 .

1 _*

X>

j.

1/

?tuauuu9nj4vianm45Yinn<?ia>3 tfw^nnm^a-'^nEJtiy^ lun^iaaneunu •a

ayi^tm?viaiyv1>3m?s^u^iliua^^^uvia>3nu uflfm^a-inaiStM

ueifiulvi juT^fi EJvbliJwain ineiuuaejionru^TW iiasefayQfiYui£JU£jei,"iJU ilaiij nI Iwrntiaanwiijamttjl 2548 ^wil?siiiuQna^wwu^svj<?iLvia v

ni?tailfeMiw 30,000 ehumvi5 Iuutjai 12 llrciYiftwiWivl 1 rlnernno uunn*5^a-iiiEJL^£j>3t,BuuUi^i,n9i,BU i^nit^an^sjtUi-Sm^a-^n(iJi^y>3nua£]Tv3nQn4ijQi<i^<iv1naTQ

iieiijja>3lYi£jt3JS3mffi^

vi.9i.yi.

Yinwtu •ifluuiuntjajtwrl iVj?itiiin1§Jml^vi1a^fi'3"i3J9ia>3m'5v1si^ ?tuauu'?^iBU,T,9i£jayi>3^>3lsi9ii3Jvianinn4«}i,iia>33Ju m^lmief^

Iviwufiin^nuavN-n^uTavfa^ 5 : wviiiiniTJ^u'luwiuuiSuil'is^ilwiin^Sw munotmfl affiwsajiJ-ssmuarnfiiJiniii

ifi-sujnsi uat&jfimivwinSi ehian 30.000 aiu\jiri\ulni,5nai'inJuaKonin£jjnuam«inQij<BQij

navulu mwSanao ma* "wwro" na-j^uwi fllwnn. rvj-itYivn : m^u^fi^ 2547. van 123-126.

780

ffo®3U!

rniwwwmwihzsnmi

-^n^frlvlvin'il u^mfrin^uia^lmQenlatu 20 9v1^tuiu'?«mfflvitj liJ^n^NibsiYiftTfinvl 1 ma SfiQiwniQviuTYii<ii,fiTbi^fiq m?ma>3 uas^ofiajt'sfui^EjQnuu'^tmfil.unajj G7 wilrcnaiiflQutfM^aiOTrn ufiuiwi efvmflaisvmm eJiwififf lEjauiu aenauascjjiju uaateiYiffwu «•) lut/tail liSu efieittfaluaufi iwwnfn mifia-suaufl ualiQuiiasdliem

Li9iuu^^sTjjv1uT,^uiEjn^3JU9i1vin,Stu miiersun tvjnsuiuni ibsmfi QiLin^isf{i3JT3nvjnma^vlviyn?sjT<?i<?iuuunu(Leap Frog) IfliiASfma mn^u^viaAlu^iniija^Yiuniat^ vi.fi. 2552 vnnml<?u9uu'ian ^§4U9i1^un>39uu uuviiJitJfiQi^Qi^fi^lviy^tmQviuin'iirin^fisj T,3J'3i^'t;i,9u^>3fi3jluali9ivi1aT.ui)^^uu • imiscnaitesmfhsffll

lron3SfTOWuh£fmtnU ^l^iSK^fisjlviuihi^inpiu^u 'ftWnsmtMUfhwVlSYtasYnufo^

Hviwnswrf "eisifiEnj 2 in"

il^mfiluTsnvl 1 m 12 u'tsivifivlm^nfiiQn^uuSil^Ejmfiqj 'hjjnul^un (7) nrnJhirntemmwjzvawJvfflmftwu (2) rmVhzuu

eiai0i^fvn?iffwfm) uaz (3) nin}f)u^um\m^^y7m(absolute) fiammim®ammYirizfiriul.®lHYiaiamm tia^ului^tL/ffiumjuu

(relative) ^a^Tiii\mai}^%n^a^uaui<iYiammm^f\ii%i^nmr)^u wamuvnuMfi-ntlifimnrrii 1/

vmo9 vj.ft. 2540 i,Sa^T,viy^?|tj^3Jutyuu'3il?tinBU,T,9iEj uatl^?^ju9iai<?ii^imliEjQnuu'?'Kmfi'luTanvl 1 ^ai^nsfote-urifj

jmiro®wimi1vmiJmttff^^

swsuu

ni^i9iQiirisisni'3T.u,f3§jna3JU,^iYifiIanvl 1 fjlsA^wadunuaau

6?. IsTS 1i-QJ§41

779

ymilEytyi tfi1a^^mluT^>3iuua^uvluuYii>3wi^a<iviTui?ufituw>3aaEJ wftenT^ymluf^viaTu^^^

iiao^l^ rinlvtiJ'5srimi^Tani^£l3Jwum§jtenmviu<i ?5uia£iIfi?>3ni?n?^9]unittenEjiv1ani'5u?TfifianjJin itfu Tfi?^ni?fia§JvlQL9ia4taaaiyi?us-Ktfi1a4iJ?uainifiiaaaivi'j uan^nn

Tfi?<ini^%9yumiuflnfil^ym>3i,vig!imu^ &£uIyuTan^9mm?te-itj A&rmoaaaj iiSunTTO^wu^auwraa4Wff3Jfi?^au9nLfi?li<3i ^nn 15.000

U1Y1 maaivlEM 7.500. UWraatVIUO 4witelUQUU91*Jtfi?^9im§jlu snnrn 2 aiululu9vi.fi. 2544 farm 9.5 ^iulu1u9iauiJaitj9 vi.fi.

2548 uatnQifi^iia^uw^^uiia^waanY^lifBUTfii? lu^msifitnfiu uuQLusju^QiEja^viufi^fn^iia^wnauQi'aiviJjiiui.^aEj *} mawnu

fmajanamnluniTmEviuYtafleu ^Yiui&Hn9iadi<)viu<3fiani™

u1^1vtMuniinwuf[nfiiia>3fi?aufi^unEjn^U9ilLa>3 u»®wfaaifmuuaunst^ •Jgjan

4ia«^a^^iun>3iu^n9luvi>3ifi9l^<)u,<idiviuT,ufi^t?autvl3Jiiu

tfaa «] ^nnfiiaufiTjeisTn 70.500 uiYivilaibj&ntu 5.7 m-reia>3riEjl<?i 9iai^aulu9 vj.fi. 2543 ^uinufnaufirras 100.000 uivivrla 6.4 mi

uaonEjT.^9iai^aui9ufi^ti'5n<lu9 vi.ft. 2547 uuyln'aiebulvityfnii 65%) nnMumamiu^Tnfi fnfe

uatn-n^agm uufia tn&jumis-tJ3jaL9iafl^finuTvi?f^vjvi^iafia4<)i9un^

niiff^^imMvifi^aufi^^a^uifijn^uraiuQUJjvinfi-is fligsrwuii^iiu^si,3ut§(Sau^wnautvi^r1d?^i,pjg»|ntatu auiaa 2-atiJmm,um9iJ^nll^|TUfl'3iajfl6iwei «] uasugfejllramlu smmiuijijlateaimaijssjafiail^^

778

staa<au!

3^1u,nQiuu<Ha34ini?nluIfi?'3nitvi^ul^Ejnianm^iuwun 200.000

mviaantil riilvtwn^ajn^n^^in^uviinni^fiiuQmu^Qiwm^wu gttifinuvlsttn'h 200.000 unn uuas uui9umTwiwuluauifi9i3Jil4f luil^^iuuatJT^auluaraiJuuuviu^

mi!m?n?t9ufiulYiyna^viu>3^jjviu^uauv^u^Qa'di<inQi'3<ii'3n>3 mivi9ivi?in^a>3m?i9uviu*4isnnm?m3u^

LnufiQiJj^ni,9u itfu mttwnm'w «] aEh^lvityleuvlavmiaiviui uan^Tnuuini^?mdQulvity^ififni3j!fni in^Qn\irmsiia<)9iaimia:i'fn™mQW^^

iTiuin rlilvtni?a<iviuiia'3vi'3ntiJiiJ'5"Kf(ufiQiija3JiviaQf|>3 "Jjairan

uTWT^J^mftlu9 vi.fi. 2544 ^ia^t?3jTfi?<iniivjnviuin'i*9i?n'5 3 9 vfuvi Ifi'aonTsuuwmrjjJW 2.3 anunaluiowunnri 94.000 aiuuivi

via>3^nn^u^(?iTfi?>3n^^Sinw9i?mL9ua'nviuwaaa|j 1.94 gnuntu ttaajvruvlSKltyvnanmi 75.000 gnuuivi ' ua>3^nnu<lviu>3m^(?i/n?sviulu,inau 20.000 aiuuiYivhlvi ini^?n?finui?nuiwu^iuQuuulu,l^i!iia£ii>3aul<?i ueiluaniuviua mi^^n^iuQuajin^Sviu^uauviuQiQ frjvnnEmmUAauwqeinTjaj

WnVUftia vi1a^ljJufiQnufiiun^nluni'5U,'5snauai^vivii.vi3Ji'ssi34

TamfivliltiJviTu^'KVijj^liJaaajlsj'S Ifi?>3ni^na'3Yiuviurumua^§j^ui^a4^a^a^wumliJlua$§j(ifu

fa 74.389 anuunvii9uni^?t:^uniiten£jniLjluiJitmfianTfi?>3niTww <ai3jfln?hin>3luuYiYi 8 iua^^inviusinnna<3viuui^mliluviuv1viu

^oil-j^iiiunsji^infiau ^uuwuvla^^mlu'^uilileini^l^itjuei^ fiTj^viuivluuuan

vi&roinuu^iamfijTfn^ fiQiun^n^yii^n/jviuifijlunTSU^viB^ia-aviTViEjiu itfu vifiu yitvjej^u

«?. T.SC3 iJ-qjaan

777

rialvuftafniNfrj^luu'^YiOT

umfa^u^vneniaimiv^ul'^ ^fiQiu%aaaadi>3imTwaitjluvi§J4iTTi^m? TAuiawisluui^vieh

mi

hvrsrmmrvi

luvi^iri^ni?fi^auaiiaN3n?svi?Q>3f1ni*nBnn?i^au,aTEj9 vi.fi. a

t/

2547 lMTUttimflTflTTWmTO^ 462-031 ™* 396.818 fmi9uVIUfT31 2.7

ueiuaiuunvi vi1aI<?iEjLftaEJfiuatinau i uauuivi fi^nuQuuinljjgnjjTan tfitsviulflYhlvi 10.041 fiuuiawsiuiJuluTfi^ni'jifQtJtviaaiia^iJa •lJaiuij vj.fi. 2548 ivfnMjyiuKwafiuas 1.1 aiuutn lu^nuQuuilmnni

10% Sjviu inu 2anuunn" ni^fi^/iit^u^uauv^u^ai^Swantsviu^ia

mrm>3TWrtja<)vnnwn ma<i^nn>3iu,iia<ifi?i9u>3iui|jiulvti,yiQ^uiia<i^ili i^afi^iJtyviTViunviuQ^am^Lm^aiyi^yLiaQ auifi9iua<i<?n9ilvitjfi<i

lajtfAltfummisfi^yljhii?^

jjildl^uni,?'iJUuati9ilEJ3jnn'3i.1iuunn'3fiau sif<ia&Jvjun<nu<?ia>3?j ^ilnjviii1a<)^uiijvii>3ni?wuafijjnn-iu?lnfii,nuvjal ^uw/m^ftaHunwh

iiinau%uiai]^^iju^j,mu1vin'5ij'5^mfr umrtimvpjifiu^swmmii mmjmzwu\wmmvuiJduuYiq®m™\iJlumjvir) nUiisijLifiu lwmnmmbimwmuamA3JvimE]<i

m?ms9jultfu?Infia!ih<iiNnajuu^^^

ivhuu viTny<i34<)lilmiriTfni'5unun£yan(?iQ£j mi W^mTwufJ 1u-3<il3u 200.000 uivi^a<ifim^m?uni?d<iifi1ufiQ^ni?uaseiQfi^riivjfi'3uat

ufiainTKnv3nT5f1nwi(finfifi) 4>afea^wu?(>3ifiTitrwv1fi?aufi?Qiia>3W9iiEj ^z\®m&Q&tffimy&s&fa Ifi^nn^fiiivinnuni'itil^Tanneilvtuiwu tfifivwilfotooviui ni?teu^ifiritvtaQ>3viuiluuuQu^aEJluviaJ4iiTi«ii •U

V

u^uitya\i4amaufms)Eteuuu 30 mnna>3wui.^auiJai,^iij§Q9n?iQ£j 4 =wn«YiTi£j»iiuluvivM3av5jMjj«iiruih^r!)uyi is waifui vi.fi. 2548 viui 22

776

gfa®3U!

flwaay™l?uasfl4hriwi?wu^

uu'uau ma^^nnnniYia^myQ/iiyluiJ?iimfi^tJi&J<5iQlua(?i^"ia-3T<?iyL%vjit

luil vj.fi. 2546(9nrv3 1) niTHajiviy^a<i4iiriifm?wuayluTfi?<iniTuai^ Swalu^nunmQ'Ejm^uifi-i^n^viajmmatjiin'3

fllTM 1 :

rrmi a-a \M uim a mites LYltf vwu/asv

fl

(ufluaiuinn)

(aiuinn)

14.7

'2540

52.1

-0.8

180.4

2541

51.7

-0.7

187.9

. 53.6

3.0

203.2 .

7.4

54.7

2.1

210.5

3.6

58.6

7.1

223.7

5.5

235.3

5.2

12.2

290.0

23.2

7.8

317.2

9.4

2543

2545

61.2

2546

69.4

2547

74.8

•

•

• "

-

4.2

'

6.3

mn • mTriajmtnuvuibuYimYiLi

adi^lin^i^n^ni^^ulwii^niiwua^jtenywuman-i? vSaatfttn i9um?^nsiJanu^Ejl,,tfwuiLuuvJ§ji>vlaEj uflyaulajvwil'mnui •m<L\xmm\iiftawmtfm ^u^iwrnnnuviuffuauviu^n wuuvrrnfrm

m 80% ^Sviuiui%ayfi?aufi?ia"Kinau 6 ucfuirmlml vj.fi. 2544 Hviu

^uivwrnulau *\ iviTi»Tiy^iym«Tiulua9iTi^miTi6J?u wnawhw uium ftnwu ifivrmhsiYitf mivtliTiirm^iwuwindviuiuauvmwa : 5ajjaiiaoanunoiuan5iuvijT{ili«n3Jviaionj1u mfutfcHft/fliu 11 mrwpeijj 2548 viun

ft?

. Isfa unjan

175

iaae 3 ^Qnnngvi3jnyaT^iJa>3lliQTi9uni?n?twutfi?»5n^fiQUfili) nufiQiuvjmynulumiunilnjvii^fiaj^tJtvi^i 2 lhsrm uufia (1) ni?iauviQyteui9umnT3j4W<?ingvi3JiEj c^u^ulunnuu^uwa^/im^ 3nar3u(3ftYi) najilTCiyift maijunnrlilvtnnn{3viuiy3junnuui9u

^m<iivlj4iiuv1uv1v1'<ivl\iSaf.l?iiJl'iJuuiJa^ uaj, (2) ni?tduvn£jlKliu

Mlivi34(?iliJi«aTjnnlw?ii) 2 uas"3 <airinncivi3Ji»u uuvisjn&jfiQ'iuQ'i n^nn-Hemvnnji,vl;miu iluvilfliJlunn^tfiuvntjnalvlin^iJSntyi anTtfen^iivniswariEjl^nnni^i^^^

uiTiyl^uulill^alumni^nnnciviajiyau «] a&]^^^l?n^^un^?l^uu^a^3na<lela^nnul.l,ul^^l>9un1'5l^Y1l3JW

n2inm^v1uuuauufit,lji^nT'39i?Q^fiaua£ji>3lu'?<il:?f ^suum-sl^ aiVUiifluire-TO uilu,dfiQn«^a%au^'Kl^^wsu,?tIy^U9iadQU^3j

ivhflfm 3*liJnQiuum?lifuuiia*^ tvj^it^dQu,iia>3ni?l§wuuan«3uiJ?i;3Jitumjjs)in 3% i9u 50% uao uwiJihjajimiiwf'M 4 9vmunau\nvn'3ib:,i,vifi2 fnyjua^nTsinw

«d^uvl^lvtn^tu9i^3^>3W9l?^^uuuwu^uu9^vl1l1<?1tSal,9uu?§J9 ivini^una Uj<?ia<]nT5 IvwjnT^rotfaurm m<"U"iia<i9iuaEn<i9n>3 Iiwtmni

lu^iium^n^^um^l^'i&i'ijaomfiianiiu ?5inafj*nw"Sfm unnajTtj«i5>3n&jaEjaani4iam>39iaiua>3 wienm^^am^n^eWlvWlYirij ua sfei^m^ifiuvn^liJlfoin'iuvivjnw'auvi uauU ueislfoiajunfovavfa nann^a Ui9i?nn?fiauiin>3uu,^nui9i?ni?viu>3l^unni?i9(?ilvt4ji?i<ffni'3

wuaiijl1uwuliJteiLilun™a>3my'3lu'3<3wu 10.000 utki inrnnrol 2 : "oajjau-iimiaTauw-iaTi wwlvraws wijj>iTit)J'vuT^tjviuj9avHWwn^iviv)^jn«i) ai/uauma-imw lbifl-nuvi 26 viqfl^mtm vi.tf. 2548

774

stafl^U!

Ivms^uut^fim^ftlitt 1.023 anuaiuuima:,M*rau^nn9 VJ.fi. 2544 V

inu 12% <)uiteEann4Ti&j^iiyu1j<3unai<)^

fa 58.000 aiuuimei:,i9u3uu,^«nm^fl<aAtf>3n>3 1.72 uefuanuuTvi

*5<)^vi^(?iluil'3't;Q9lfiif(9i4i,^unu mwinuuui^wdnmJiJiJizuim

m®MvmiMiuiwjinYinil ^uuwanttm^ifiwa ^in^fn^imunlil l4fUam<3T3fli;^T<ayl3Jfe^^

vhlwuu

SfinmnnuwuvipJ^ilEjnQi "wuMfi?n"(Slush .Funds) udfliwiTifl'u nuflat^&nlaJewunai^^ mm Ejnnulu?{Quvlin£jQnuni?iuTiifnn?auiviiuu

uan^in^^>3uil?s§jnruTi?j^i£jl%<)§Jinu:KQ ^na&vimErm teiEjatin<3%jd>amaa^^m^wumlilluifi'm|n^i atuuman>39<iu ihSJJJTfll 2548 ?|U1S^gn3JT5fll^Wul^>3n>3 90% flBJ-'HJ'lh'BJJIttl ?TEj^ntJvl^l^>3fi<iSfiL9uu,^Q9lnitfuanL^unu aaWtafifnafm

Ifohuani™lireuimumiiltyvnluehuibs^riBwattnjuia^slaefuU mtil?tiijuatinw$a <?haaiwiviuWiamoiflu$favtefll<flurim?lm3u ouite:,Nnmlita<nuYK)luuAE9h>3ihtmff uas,n'n3<?iiht*!f3jefai3JUT

uan?iniuv1^n?tvinnu^in?t^u?|UU9i11iln^ni?il|uumfif'i?i<,fJni'5 ufit§4nviinuaiiin>3^1>3^>3u^tui>3fi?>3aEJi<iiantn1n Iflaiftvnslueiau lna^u9>3uil?tuimaulliun,ilaui>3viifi3JuaKnutJiEJU luibouamuYl

^&jmnvu1amn%ia?vi(Resorts) §jn^ti^wlu,^Qy-iJiriwi?ustvjun>3m

^a<3^uil?tifi^uvtQlilviifimuv1v^nwauviyaul^fein m?teiy^uil?^nma£ii>3lud>3uuuuuuan^in^i;i9uni?:sty wuouilitNnmiirisT^lAwafWnuA'5 &3i9unn?iJeinfl<n9auBT53jlvm

luuiajijaomm^ejmffiT^q awflunrs "ffalvw-vhlmi" lumaemanehtj m?\4fwuwj%$anauiwu<iv>3UQjl,mii8^ uamuiJ'szinm T<?iEJLavntwunil'3Tia>3na'3siennnuuu>3 mTmlvufrovriEJ 2

a?, tsca ijqjJMi

773

ni'nnvmihsmfiuuu "flfllvm-vhlvia" luantiluuuviuo wxiat,

m?tiJ^yu%3JU9i%Ja£j *| rialviinei "fhl&htf TaaUmiQu du wirm i^yo?u-i^y>3doust^nnni?rli^iun>3iulvi3Jlvt9i?>39iijjaQ<i^ij uao^u9i1ii,9iatfiu S^mTuiuJiwsm^uaslfii'ani'Jvin^ «i .weimuvw

uas^nunianlilaawjflmiwri;^ am^ylu^ivluSjfttuu^i^niJimaan Ifn^mwnvnnqniaiiwinu ^nuQuunn^in(?i^uustfijnt§nlilatJno9iaiua<ia.UL9unT'5l,»>3u umnmuuulsjfkifh

via<mnu1vmitetivifiatij 4 9 warn vmwmfwJjwavnurjnl^ fiulnu ?an!mvmfilntnnlviej^oIaijuiaanifai9u^aji%nfifnwuviu

riwptva 377 fmlummaaneuiSaemfl vi.fi. 2548 YhlvfanffiCTKraavM

?juiaw^fitliEjQl<?i(9ia3JTiSaClm'3i,lan9i>3lvijJlu a romwrrctnivi?)

Da>3nT5Yi^9ilun*r5ilan9io ^miuaaj'wfnff/iTi lu^mvjT5filviEJtnlviEJ

aeiaoiviAa 375 fiu) nTOfiu^ialflfmrms a. iluasmw^^uia vj??fit^EJQUum^^ut9ufi?>3u?nluil?tQ9lf(i^9i4ni'3ilnfi?a>39iT3J

^uaui^B^aJJu^ m^<)iiJ?EJUtefSauni?walulviaJija<i^fi3jlvi&janfi?<i viw^inuJaaunTsiJnma'jiijaill vj.fi. 2475 •

£

nsknmnrm 2 nuna^ww

^vW-nnoluuvivi 6 iltawhu?vmib:ji,vifilu9 vi.fi. 2544

?JU1^1vi3Jlf1UaEJVIBf11Sl9l4ni^^UTll?tLVIfl9l1UV1^n91tl,nEJU 2 in lliiLrim^?E9mm^<)aanueismVte^

^a<ijiifi^ua^aonifiian^wlu^aom^flVifiu^tni?ei>3Yiu lu<?inum?l^iEJiiaofnfi?| ?junsiv1aj>3uil?t3JituTiEj^iEJvtuYl iSamu^irU?tivifivlilvt<iuu,?t3Jim?iEj^ifiJ^imu9<)uil'3SJ4Ttu 2545

4ai/!3jluiJiau9ienfi3J vj.fl. 2544 ua:,i9u>3Uil?s3JTmu?m)a>n|U'ia 772

gfa®3U!

"fimviaj-vhlviar' mauifiulyiEjlvtviawviu^inQO'auiiaofiQnajEJin^u mulu^Ejjins"iauau

fiulviEjdQulvii^fiortalufiiiju^qiiuu^iaanff3Ji?nvj??fi

lvi£j?nlviLimlilu^lufimwunu?iwc)?no 248 fiulu 500 fiu Vila ainniivmfiihtmBflflainau 2 ivh vmfilyiutnlviiwlMluimuu'i

lunit^«9M^irialviaJi34a7Wvl 17 3jnnf»j vj.ft. 2544 1®um vj.91.vi. vfniku ^^9i?t9uuiEjn^u9i1ua^viTjfi§umf334an 3 vnwTwHUik^huwfa b

^34U9rinU9MU

vmflfvmSa*

lvi£J?n1.Y1EJ

•sajuiurn

iijwuwIt

Stjauwlircm

TJN

248

3

14

10

27

anjjvnolvuj

36

1

3

1

5

Tfiffflntj

41

1

2

1

4

Ic^STSJJ

14

1

1

13

37

S?N

339

-

5

79

^ylnmifWuiiym 8 %$Hum&Y\™u$Hfiw\uimiiitt'sw% nurinfiu feajt%vji^wvii9uwviunvi1a,?^^iiunuu'isijajvj'?'3fi wrmviTVjejtu fiauimuaEjimi u.vj. mmi Q9wutf£j Nniuuufifiarniuuanflo tommy

adiv3l^n9in^ufifisni^uan3jnadl^lwunumii^vtQviun^ii'iail?ii Lil^u?|wu9i1iiaLi3JinT^£jLu^u^il-3t34ifurin 5 iHau UUlllUlfi 51

-a. 1gC3 U0J&J1

777

w1uniTw^uiua^fwi?iJ^iy?fr1vTmtuu^lu rmtntmsm T®m&mz

m^%iuii^i^fi^ma\^ni^um\^n^\f\mf\imu f)iwwaM£M wuwfaft'iiHYiQil'szuim nnumviwNa iiufafmuwiilumzwajfi

ivuvnmmu\umimmfimiman™Hm^vn\A<?\ «? amnemnm? damidajfiwiwiQnttazniv'lu Ykmzma^aiftii^niusain m)wsa\ma,u

LLfizftiimz£mzwam3m\umruiminiiwiJ «j anlfllunTra'Muww .ua£m?0iiuum?vjn#u9)au ua^mEi0jy9nu^9Ta>Htff&firr)>3

vmjpwwil^a>3f/u1uffi9i fciavromvmima^ unwf)tf#ua^nf^ra) 1ur)n?^ulvTij^un1uf)mff??wfiQi^a^9ijy^f9i uasteffm*/ i

*

*

?aufmvj*n;m/ 0iiuw#39)(fo£/fm*/a0ym fm*/ivv£/? fitfwilmqji

uasfnu/saufiau maMfrjj^au^w?a«9/ani??a>j!ijni?iL/a£/uui/a>3 f

i

S£/l>3T3^if9Ufl^nW^l>3VMMl>J(^UQ9Jn tf>3fWJ jfjUl«aa«lU»W«WMflT33J

mnlmmuuaniftiiluauiw"

lf1?T^^Waiv1tlJ>3l9uYWll?%^^^ \J

d.

et

i%nwuviiUuunLua9i9iy|nfi'5>3Yi^t34ni?i,£ian9i>39ii§j^B?'J3JUfy

auulvm riaummaan^vnlilluiliauNnrifiu vi.fi. 2544 SjvmfinTaiJiao immviaitjvmfi lu^TUQUuwm^^

4ufl>39uilmvjmi9iniviTisto

1 uaoitesivifi^a

vj.91.vi. 91?. vinwut ?UQ9i? i^vt^njinufiulviiuQn^i?QEJVjau^<i9ia<3nT? vhonumaitavifiinmif^tlflfn™^ liJdfiQiwi9uan?EJtiJ'5tmfi v

vj??fini?i«a<iv1<)mnufitlviuid>3^unuaEJn<ii,B3J,?iu u,9u9uvi

ui&ain^Qnlsjuvjttfilviuigiuavlsjtunv^t^i^itfiifi^win^vjamruo anifluunuvrcaii3m9umivnolumTW9auiihsmffa[tm^w vinvmfi

tfofWtjflm^iflwuiihsiYifffnmuQifft^

770

^fl9Ul

Tauiftvns u9i^uu?li^9iuCifiQi§Jt9uu,?tifiBiJl9iEjlnaa9i3jni?n4iia>3 1/ v * nrsu?vn?Ll?t:i,vifi9nj4uu'3uuwin,iiu

uan^insitl9^Tj??jJutyaihjlvijJuaQ lu9 vi.fi. 2540 fiulviEj Ejolemumsutfmsrrafl'nswBJifftwjffaiNamejoTaEJflwmvnsmvi

?i§jt9i^vj?^maijvi'3i,9ufi?ou?nan9iQjLj ni7nluviaQ<)mo9i?£?t?aoi,fi?i4|fisi viaivlEj<)lu9uuUjl,Hi.vi9iu<iiaqi vj?ta>3f1l9ivi?of1nu-ifngi9i49ii<i «•) 3j-ii,9u nsmnu vwlu9nunifiTW(macro) uat;9Jiumfitiaju(micro) vignjuamo Ml/

1/

<

<A

t/«3

%f

,%j

amy

T.9ivi?ovi9i?ia>39nEJvi?tja>3fiiao vj?:,a>3fi^mo?au?n4vi?inilmy-m9aui

ni?^aoniTi^9Muiu€itilnjviim?vj9iv1in9iiiu ?QNWivi9iu,^iuv1vhlvti,n9i

Qnqwifiiy^luuiumfn^ ^inni?f1nwTam>3nQioiiQi'3anfouuuatL9uvii>3i^an^vi?ufiulvi£j

mal^uni?uni]^viiviu?i9i>3aini?aanuilu?u,iiaoQnq9itfi?i4;|nq •vraaofwm^^nuuuQvittrffifh^^^

W3 U^a^tft^^in^vjamii^^^u '

'wr^m^aiYimivuiJ^tyimmuimi^i7^am^ziJSy^u

1: aiunjiuRwsnT5«mTwwuini^ifr,n*5nstuaxa,-3fiJ4avi>3Tn9l(nf(«.) l«iStywm-3fliu^®i'lum<i iffrajftauaseninau «i ^i^^nuii^s^^auasnauniawisTifiinn^awa-Jifi'nsjn'iiwamtjj •

tfjmtrrravnuluTama'eh-j *\ uwrft 25 fl wmj*iiu^«il9iiJ,jKJ4Qaaan>jiiiluimfnijja\i *)

waj "lJTatyTBa^WTOjn^viamtw" 4o nfl-a. ^uinriirijofiaijaYron^miiiaYmmmn^u^ uasiiawstTiHYnwmtu'jjJTi'niityiOTuiliJiwauwi w^wamfomswia^WMmsn^wi iJ7iJiJ^uMiiv(-j£Tiiivinuiiaxm-3V<Tsn'jtunIiJ'55iinai*i w-ssn,BYnuwsiJ'5«Tiinuiyi9iij3aQuvi 29 viqflSmuu vi.ft. 2542 imfmjjuu emufity qj^tjksjsj l^aryiScyjJwjwlTluviui 1 na-jmuSauajiinSa iffntjnwiaiwtN : vmjiu^rmwjmniituSu (nflfl. umiuu 2544)

915. lift 1JQI3J1

769

fniuifomviaamjiuialviEjl^ lyiyui3JitnulQi,i,viuuudi?aoTia>3il?S/i,vifi uunuiSuwufinaYHfli*

naolaiauiavfemi Special Drawing Rights(SDR) «waiwiliJitan

i9uwu?infilviunl9iluu??9i'iil?i;mfig:i§4i%nija>3lai,auiavl ii9i?juiatviej M9WI1Iiianiv1ani?3u^iEjte^

I^unni?uiwuuuuiii9iuviuwudi?a>3iia>3il?tmfi^viu9ilijluni?9ia^ n\iunT^U9lfiiuuuiyi lviEJ9in^>3nwu^inlai.a3JLavJi,i,atil?tLVififi§ji%n

iiaolaiauiavllui'owu 17.200 aiu9iaasmeivi?ji luao^inmlmou viauuiuuymuusmaoTiaoibtmfi i?i^ofJinwuulTlu9ii>3il?tLvifi

&I9191anidejuiti ejIviwhvtu vnnmuiiuaqejuiluuuuivhluluiuam lu I91 liftfaiiao ? fii9iaufia

m^iiuufla^&jumriiarifiiinEjnuirn

9hoihsmfi 4o^slu,ufiQiuL§auuviinL?ilu,ljwudn?a>3l^ivi?ul,K luEJiuaniwu,

^vivi?iunu9im9ia<)9iiiuuun9ilnn?9ii>3 «i 9iiuWlai.auiavl manuwinnn itfu m?suua9i?i9iani.uEJ nitmuni&luasirieuw

usitjm?fi9iv3uil?tuifum?l^iEj,?ja<i?5 ui9i?m?mshuuw?m?Eviu luvl^>3?^u9latf1?1^n^lv1u^uanT91EJl%v^^t9ian^T^^^3^3^u^a^3f1ulvl£J luiJi^d5£iyiflm5Yln9in8J34i9i5ni5^a^lata3Ji,avlllwan5s,iiaj li£ju>'3^n^iiui>n9i^6n^eittEis;^fiut»i£jH9i uehwaVliiafiaush'alflfil fiwansnusnuQusnnifaflf^aiJfifQW^

i,i^v1invl^,3fiTi'3?ia'8,w'3ni,^iiluaiaj4ii,Su

^uialviufegnmi 2 9riauvkd!l9imim§9inTin^aovJa>3tfij Hltf^vlllvIl,mtr5nSlUI,SlnEJ?fl1VJUfltk?UVlU91'3 luib>3UU?j|Uim9llEJU9b iv1as>3u^>3wluni?i^an9lv3fi?>3u?n9iiu?5B??uutyauulviu4>3il?tnifil^ lu9 vi.fi. 2540 ?5tj??uury%iJuuufiQiuu9in9ii>3^in?5B??uutiJ 15 %uu i<)^wuwui^a>3lviEil^EJU^uvi^>3LiJ^EJuni?iJnfi?av3tua9 vj.fi. 2475 luuo'vkijuriau «i uni!lyu^utv1aiaau'?tTEj^vifiulviEjn?;iul9inauviu>3 768

stasia!

fniurm ejuuuvtuvlml9in?t9)ulvifiulviEjmTr»finuatiniui Hm \riu ?nluu4latlVla1a>^u?^fl^uvJ^3un^^EJl9^,ul,ua^3lvlEJu^nn'^^ luibsmfiau ni?u?TnfiwuuuuiliJdni?i)i9i9ifini?fiinu9ii>3il?iimfi lu?s9iiie(>3 lijaTn^ibsiviftuAEfmW

uiofiuiv1uQii.fi?W'|n^lviEJfiolillu?a9i uiofiunmwuaanuanibtmfi UaSUIOflUUOVJuVUuflfllWUUIVI BU1fl1?UVi<llJ?tlVlfflviEJVIEJ1EJ1U ilnflaofiiMuuiyi^QEjmTMiEJwum^ao iuaviu9iwudi?a<i^ii9u9ia>3iJfiaEj

Ivfwuuivi "aaEJ9h" vlilvivla>3fii|u9inuaiJin9iQnq9iLfi?u5n^ iua<mn LnaunnaEJi>3vJ>3viaiEjlu9iaunsi<i9 vj.fi. 2540 m?tva® i2/ifa4tf4flan?7mffl<HJf 2540

Qnq9iimw^|fis)uiliJdni?LU,aEJU?|uia4ouvj??fiu,?tifiB99iEj i9uunuui ai^n?iiQtei?juialviuuuviuiv1vilfnluni?i]9inQi9iW9iri ilgna^invJaoauifi^fto wu viuvil^nalvtifi9iriEjl9ilu?i;uuni?wu ^lUTUUVIIflia B?fiS)lvinj «] ^1UQUUinSUf1taiEjT91EJl?1,VniJVIUll1U^9lflT5 fiu9in>3iumundi 1 aiufiu fhiia^uuiviuuibu ni^fnusiittuibsuitu

iii9i9icilu?t9iuei<i wudi?ao^ia«3il?t;ivifiviu9ii,ifitfniui,§auun9inaEj fi/3iui^£JViiEJVii,fi9iDUf(>3uinu9iEJinvi^til?tiuu fii9i^nn9iQts«JW§9iriu4*n

u-ra-nunaoibsiYifi Vila %$m vwwnalihTJ 12% ^nn9 vj.fi. 2539

fniuufevnEjaiwil^^mi 56O.000 £iuuiyiluim9 vi.fi. 2540-41

ni9wn9nia^viuvina>3viuflu^^ ^aotfre fmui^EJViiEJS)ti9um 1.4'aiuaiuuivi vi?ani9Kiin9hi,aii

iia>3viudi?a>3iia>3U,?tmfivi9la'3l,aliJluni'nJni]aofiiwuuivi fmuii&jvnEj

^slnaiflEJ<inuviu^a>3naov|uvluv|*i lurmtJiiiuu ?^ialviEjnfiaiEj?^igi^a>3itetmfivt'3Tan uulia lihiafiQiuifQEJtviaa^innaoviuni?wu?rwQioiJ?tivifl(IMF)

915. 1?C3 ijsyan

767

imri 9

luihonennQi 3 vifrntu-viwiuui ?ifiiuimu9u9nu,ih

gnfuy3>wa>Hfi?w|n<\)Tan uioil?tivifiil?u^l^fiau^i>3i?Qiuauiuu WTifiiuuurmn?:,T9i9i u9lui>3U,?tmfiil?U9TQlu,fiaEjl9ivlilvti,fi?w|n^) ll?sauflt^Vn?im?0a3maUA^

vi^inuiuu*uuTifiiuuuni'3n?tT9i9ii9ufi?ovi 2iua9 vi.fi. 2523 il?tmfilviEJiJ?u9iQl9\9inQ,iil?tmfin^^v^9jjuif{'3ulviqj fbuvmoivirit m?UQUEJvn>3m?wu^<in,iii,iii Lfittrin^lviEj^uteinEJt/nvjuatiiiEiiEJ^ aEii>39iaiuav3^i9uu?>3^ol^lvtwuviulviaL4iiuii9wiu'3uuinvi>3lu?il iiaowuvfaii9ii>3il?i,mfiui^^

uuviu

ntt^ulvtifiti^n^^EJiEJ^lua^ti^nQiiJismfiviQTfin Einuuiltttvifi %u U9i\uaiQ^iwiuliln^ni?4<ii9uv1ui^a>3ni?^EJiy9tQdQulvityfiaa ^ tilaEJulildni?in>3ml?lua?favn?uvi?vjej uat9isn91vifinmvi Ejuinndi

^inm?wimv1a?taaanWluvi^9ivh^^ VJa>3ftUlfl91^Um?1tf1ulviEJ9T4VIU191>3911Liei'3>3VI1flQ1U'fl?Q£J

^QEJQB^uinnutlaEJ *] uu'as m?monil?viilvifiulvi£j^iuQuviu>3 ?i?QEJwlunsnau£u u9iuuv1uiuii,n<inil?uuflQulvitylvieii,^iui^in 9ii<iil?tjmfilu?iJna>3wun fniu?i?QEJ^v3t9ui,vlEJomvieno9iiaui,n9i^in ni?nwuiia<ifiuauuiuuonuuviuv1^ttn9i^inni?uilileiv3viuil?U5iu

ni?wa9ilvivTufiU£j<ii<i<it9uaEJiv33>3luEjfiIanl?vi?uu9iu mntmmmmi uuiu^inolfniui'ijumi 766

ftafrmj!

iwumswMuildmmiuftwtiQmawul'nma* •a

fialwlainrnlw

^imkmm^w9JNau»iiel^ii^iImf)4iu'3U^if)

iiimiJsiaiil.yiJeimiimnusimfamli} anlmwuliiiiamzlfiu

;.

915.

lift Iff?

UnJJJI

765

u<j&ie{ufniuinT3EJLiasni?u5^ EKiEJin^u wQnmm&gmofm^

usitluvif(9imiiVJiilla>3lviyliJe}^9i^u

915.

lSf3 UnJJJI 1 o»

763

ija<iifi5T^ai^5nu^iuQUUin^uuauBmani5nfifilvinj *\ mwiiu wu ueiuMannivJensa? wax uauBvla49i 4>3fiulviEjnl9i5iiw^il5i;TEj«iiu9(QEJ

uviiifiwjlviEJT91ejwwntAufimt?^uia9ia9iiuni5Lnum#u?9inllau lu'fiaEjfiul^luni?ei?itvi?viEjma^£ja9ifiQiului,9uBT3ulu^>3fiu 9iwiu nsuvjinuTaai9ifniu?i?QEjaEJi<iulieitaiEJ 9iQ3Eii>3viLv1ul9ii.9iw9iv1ff9i

Ifuiri niiiwnLviaia^uTifiiilauaeiuuiviusitni^aan'arilvtu «] uiaQ9inu mim?il?tua9iEJVitmEJuviu9lQiPi^Eja9iuEJuiia>35juu9i1^EJt/ ^iatfaofto ftau^sufWQiawiEiiJEJu "w 9999" Iwgtjejwu 4 muuivi vi&asnnuuwnn

uilil9l9i?ummfiila?9i^u9i0LuailgiiEJi9iauvjqi4;rinfij4 2547 urauuia^ u£ituanw^a^ii/3'3i5a5nfiuuuui9i'3Ejrifii 15 aiuuivi

9iuliiiijm3i«u^iQsii5^sn5anw«afi9iaai^l5i,«al9iiwufliv^ ni5laa'39l9l<318J515'3£Jt^UUUaiiJ!,9uaJ5s4l ? fwlwillfriflaijlAfo^

u'<iQiuuunv^ilildfiQiuti9inuEjnaEJi>3?uu?<)T9iEJiavjit9iiutmQi^a^i9l

t1a>3U lau &i(Amy Chua) IflflnwiaEhonQioim^asuiuiLemalQ luviuofa^a The World on Fire" viuo^atfiuu^lmv1ufmuu9inuEJn am>37uu?<)5ridi<iiniv1mua3 IVJTlSfllQVlAllSu&U^IQaHJ^

fimt?5uu9i1uatuviitfi5T4jlviEjdQulvif^nuL?amEJ^ui^UL9iEJQnu ^amuavjlviEjai^lu^fiEJUfiQiuu^nuEjn^iu^aEJ^ilivfuB u,9i'uu

lul^VlU.1 EJflQI UQIUU^tlu'ifl91^UVi1nflQI ulu l9uB??U LLUUfi9lT9i>3 EJ<I U9ialiJufi^iQlviEj^a^iEj^uv1ufiQiu?i?QEJ5^uafiuviiimiir^^tm 11 : aiqaiuuviffadalalunaaajM 'TJiuuan-u3ajuan" .uHuqasbl&nJi. 10-16 rojjrmuB 2546 vilalu laimum/w mnuvvau (mm. Ta mswi wuauS-i. 2548). viut 17-20 762

eta9) 3ll!

'uaoifmrjifto uan^inuu9i^i5iJ*aaai^aswail5slaiB,il<Mij5auanq

uild^ni559ii,flau^iuarififti^5iila<i9tu^^s;Swa5niiJ9iani5 vfomil^stisai-a gi/iivj^aoiua>3lviEjlu^mtum9ii<inuai4Lsiu9iuiLua ' ^ tf A A m 150 9v1wiuui 9lauuua^?wu9lu^t?ul^nfl?a^39l^u?JB??uuqJLl>u^

il?^ifu'l9iEJuatI?inn^^>3i,il^EJuuiJ^>3aEii<ilvityvi^Q>3^inni?u,gQ9l a9iflivin??u wu?vii?il?tm™i9un^uuviiifl?Td|vl9iun^ui.ln «*] lu'Eiau y?U EJVIBf11fl91?ni?V^9ilU1^a>3315LSlU9luilll911UflQIU111^EJULIU1^>3UU • m?ituu^tn?tviu9iawail?tTEjm^a<i9iuviilvTniTW9ajui^a>3ai?RU9lui

«?ia>3aivi^uuiliJdfniu^uaii£nEjluvi£j9i10 ^3>3Q1>3?tVlQ1<)nfiUflU^UU^tf1U?TEJV1>3luU>3<iia'3fl'31UL9uW .

4<ieiuuciuu9iQEJ9i'it?imieisluu>3iia<!fi'aiu^<3l^ ^suiliMasMulfluamin fniu?^nlu'i9uB??UTja<i^<ifiu vm^invmudifnaufiraijaouiEjn V

?^UU91?'jnEJVIul9in>3 73.000 ^1UUTKll91Ejlu9ia>3L^EJfnmVI?1Ji?-

^a<iIvrilu9huvin£)viuiEJ fiulviEJViviiuiviinuuuuilinn9i9lunuLipisrjn ^9i?9ini§am<ilu£itiQuv<inuua>3mufiQiulu\9uB??ulu^fiui.9iW9iiiu fiQiulul9uB??uuilu,dfiQiuu9inuEjn^S>3walvini?vt9^ui^a<ioiitonou

luaiu^niteovinsninoluuvivi a lu&3fiuv1niQvmi?junvjEJiEJiu gi9iifa>3Qi<iusitfiQiu?^nlufiiiulul9uB??u^QEJ?tuuni§auuniQviui if

u,eiEnimi?9in uan^inu??9iiuvnLfl?wj^«iEjaui.^EJ/ii§itu'3uui.i.sQ wini^imuni^EJfiatviTVJEt^udQU^Qivlaniinfl?! i9u^iUQUUinan9iQEj-

^am<iv1t9iu^9ivisi9ifi<)l^unuviiifi?ylviuiEJifieii 1 "ua^Tein itaa m9i^ vi?|inu/iiwu59in9ia Lu mEJoaasmviEi'ijaomi.vja m?nfiai,ilbm 29,000 aiu9iaAgm iiasiteEnifidiLuasiiEjm^tuTaifi Yiwa^flaawiTwvttJfl mwuivlEH 5% ivhuu uuif^imuuaE] ludiun

10 =Tiuasiaywintnnijni^npi^a-iuasni^MmjiEJiJ'ss'riuyjj'luai'fwuwui aiwiaiulwlu

vivwa'afo lharmtui vnauMinailwiiauitMlrifl? (auw. lufou^ia* 2546)

915. T.SC3 IJSyaJI

767

unuu^flud^^<aa^3V^5?fl?^^sl9u55^^^a^^^a^^,^ 4 ^ WMnu ?5uu9i1au «•) v1unnn^ui,u,^EJUvi1ail5uaanaEJi05Q9ii5'3T9iEji,^£ju^ luno 6 t9iau

uu^tluulfit^iuitnvl^ul^i^oivifiiuuunnitiuaolu fimt?^i^dao.eiueitl9\?iiwsiil5tlEJifu urifiulviEJfbulvit^ufniuifaQi uuu'i^tm9i^ululu?ill9in?ilviu<i4<)EJinunni5vle(^u wanir^iEJiiao

um^ini?un?u>3QiB?n^^a>3unni?iua>3unl9\wa9iauuviu^nQiB?n^ vhlilaEJi<iw9iiln9i vi^lvlTlfl^vlu^aou5y;vll,^NU,llU9l'^EJ, 2oiuam?EJYHao

uiEjmjuu9i1us?nsia^vii?uvi?vjEJuatlm'3un'3i 700 aiuuiviu^Euemfiu 33 feinna>3viuvluvlussvl9iJui5tuu^niuuni?wu4oi9uav3fin?,,ua<i?^ vi?aliItfav?uluT?<MEJiuiaiita^ lvi,?nQ9ii<is(n9lui?ntj'ivjEJiuialuiuaolviEj vi^mtvnQom^fi&alu'Ejau vl^ii?tuifi9ifiivIuluBuifii?vivn?lviejwi9ivm^iuQuuviifiia qurrssvM

an^iEJ^a>3uiEjn?^uu9i?luputwnavJuTiEjlvity(7.4%) l&JiEJvjuaanliJ mieinih mvhlvifniuwaiih^^^

U1^tUWal9\wSk^EJ^inulEJU1EJU€ltU191?ni'??Ja>35|llU,UaU fiQiui^alufiQiu^a%^?t9iu?i^a>3WU5viTnJ5tivifiu1^^in9iaEj

lui%vntviufiulviEJi,viiuu viinEwim5ViaiEjaEjluviu,^a<Jin'39iioil?i;Lvifi 9hej

vin9a>3fimianifufa "BTaUifiuiasnnsr (Transparency International) ^tdiT3sifiiiufl9ii,mtlija<i'?fi'39ii>3iJ?i!LVtfl iJjaolviEjlflfiEuuu^u "aau9in"

ui9isa9ifi^iEJil?tmfl9iaEJVJ9WUid'3ulviqj ehfjm?il9ifituuuivlEJ0 .3.8 ^nnfiuuuuilu 10 (9j9iin<i 1luuvm 4) luvl^^^lmw^f1^^9l?flQ^uda%^u^lll?ln^?mu9luvlU'ila<ln^n^?

^minu^uniiuuviaufiQiupiiui^nlunitiiiJo^iuuunvilein lutan Ejfil?vj?uu9iuni?i,vlu^uviuEjaui9uni?mufiQiui^EJ<i9iani?ift;onou IwTrau "Mfamwivn. awftmSaAna ?<wril»juiww. n^iyivn : ua'Jaett viaa. 2547.

760

gfa9l3U!

129.6 aiwroi

85.o fiiuinn'

• -nammmlYiEj&jSvi (wreqa "&q-ji1a-3fW) • ftum ^jHewn^

20.0 aiuinvi • io.o aiuinvi

• u.vj. ilrua^ ihnawvia-sTafirr

10.0 aiuinvi

vmwiJstaiEifaaT.aSiJiifgifmwaa

2.4 aiuuiti

wm^nsnlviqnsinn • irmvi §.{]. \emt

2.o aiwinvi

viT5fiaur]',tw7inj?inntvj£jjluvianvi5ttiJTVi

9iijjVi^nni^uf)Qni'33jnc:i3J^viitft?y^Liluwij?vii?il?smfiua^

U5^1flWulvtv^55fini?lUaolufl^5^Klv1uflQ1Ul^EJOv1^KVlllvini?vl9JJU1

9^a^viEj^^nvi1a<M"ilviiJ^^i,vifi'lia^pi3j^'i^j i,i9kua<ilviEJ^il^EJil5t;fiau viaiEJaEJKi ^viilvifniuL^EJ<imuiiu 2^qa5iati54flsf9iaiqlliii,riwii5V?i5 il5sivifittas;fi5aiJfi5^^is5n^liJvj5a§jriiJni5iifvii5il5s;tvifi iitalama

lmn9ii]njviiwail5s;lEim^ij^auuas;^Qi§jdaci>a<Mi-3ul&jiiiii romam? tl&Jungtnm^tvlataaiJ^slEjmt^uta^ srjoaEj/rns "rmunTsifiwhEi" imutoiiilwia-auiliJdfmaj %a%a

Li9inivjfiQiuii?QEjriil?in{]aanui^i^fiQiufi^ioLt,fi^^l^lvifiulyiEj i9ugbuum' fiQiufiai^iLfi^^l^unn<^anEJi<liQ&jeiiiQfiQi3j%a%s^'iJ?in2 »

ft/

i*

i

luviuiviu^^avl3JVJUfi^^aTyi^yifi\ll§Jnui,L9is^Qu lu'di^s^uifa^ niTONTUivn mmj^huienta m?failEjauvi?Ej nTsfanaiEju milif ai5ifiui3ivi5U'mpJuvisn<3 ni7$fl9ii3H3a4ni?$8fi5uluTfi?4fm %/

uiu9iuii,^Ejfiaa'39iiu

ft/

ft/

m?^i9ifi5suii,aaaivi5

ft/

j

mifai,fi5a>39iT3^UQ9in

5Ktu9idivi5ugtuiuuuitvi4lviu,^ftiQT%liln<itua-3pJ5'3 vrfamtfatfi v^Ejiijiaus^fia^rlQ^a'foiiajn?^yi?'3-3ciiB'i?ruc:i^^m9i^ulu?^viQi^^ i

915. lfC3 UftJSJI

759

uan^in^aueiufl9i>3fiQiu?i5'3EJija>3fifu,i;55uu9i5us'3 sfe&UI lllQflQ1U515QEJ^a>3WglUUg1UUWT3f15JUiaU1tg;1UaaEJl>3nQ1v31l'11<3 an9iQEj uui9uni?9ianEJifiQiui§a^a<ifiulviEjT9iEJvi'3lilvlQiif'3>3ui9uEjfi

Nvnifftujfrca<aijj&j waatrMwIu viu>3^av1uvju9lmj,il5t^iQuaivl9iEJv1 23 9iaiflU VJ.ft. 2548 VIU1 8 W191VntW31 "WUTJEJUflQ WUVJaUAT fia&UU

uuifoua^iilrininlu^ai^u™ ^alnuui-auiiauaul^fniudi ui£jn %UU915Vin§ni tfUQ9H UmVJEJ^UlbtUICU 52.000 fhuuivi Ancm

fiulwiawiom naviuuuafii^9ilu9i?ii9ivi^nvi5viEjf1a 18.032 aiuuivi «zi<imusnn9viwiuui 7.824 aiuuivi iua?Quviulumaufi?a<raa4fnaufiT3

"Shnwr i,iii9iQEjnu^Ki9uuafiin<i 31,543 aiuuivi mulwnn 12.768 mu

utki1u9 vj.fi, 2544 wiflitflfi vi.9i.vi. vtn&ui, m?u9iiuviu<iuiEjn?5uu9i1 iiii^iii9uMuv1uini)nu^U9iuini5^ja>3fiulviEjf{'3ulvity u9im?il?tiuuuE)<i 9iin-3ifniui9u^?otvjTitlu9iauu*aiEJi9iauunTifiu vj.fi. 2549 fnaufiy}

uaouiEjni telEJV1uluU?^lvit^1Ja<)91ulvT^1Q9il<)^19ll91Ejlu9ia<lL^EJ nim9uwufv3mi 73.000 aiuuivi

diufnaufmviuviu^a^uilmiri "uiauuvi" ^U9huviui,9u

?juu9i11 fiu^QEJuafiivJu 20.585 aiuuivi uaKau9iu 3i9u«aa>3fi?aufiT3

"9iiuivjw"^L9uv1ua>3iia<in55EJHiav3ui£jni 9nEJUAfhvju 15.267 aiuuivi 1/

uviitftTwjiviaiu^uueiuuv^t^finiiiua^^Ejni^m^ifiwu ^iuQuuinlvT^??fil9iEJtq,vjitriauni?iaan^viQlil^fitu^n??uni? m?iaan9i>3(nn9i.) TiEJ^iulvTibiflnmiviriu mi Iuni5iaan9wfn<iehef9i

iua9iu9 vi.fi. 2548 nn9i. TiEj<iium?U5^nfilv1vj??fi9iio ^ ?tvm>3 i9lauunTifiu-numvjuB 9uu

a : enanfcjj-iumJnnfllu miuaaSiiavX. 28 uw<r\u 2548. viui s

758

6^91311!

j

uiuaSffu Twrnrwln

227.0

m«JT

13.8

uiutfmtu ?atua°nui

557.4

jmtn-

121.9

unoalur sa^awmiw

450.2

nnin

339.2 •

unsrmimj aSwna

15.5

tyrttn

136.9

uiuaariatj •»««<»««

2.3

ai*3

15.1

iitn

0.1

•

55.0

utuvufUYm iwmiqjwi

246.8

1.164.3

n»«n

4.6

u«i

uiuq?intn« ifintnUia

539.5

imttl

191.5

H«1

285.1

U.W. SSYM» SlJUffB

23.2

115.6

tmtn

uiog8«»J ufloiJiniw

1.6

tVliW\

11.2

mn : fitusm-5j4ni'3i]a-3nuiiaKiJTiiJilTi>jnT5Y]^9iiivi-3Tn5i

15. lijfQ U0J&41

757

tntniumzajeiuas asm

14.9

maiJwm snauun

569.8

48.3

mawflfw lantnwla?

7.9

*mai

5.3

w\mum siaetfififim*

imtn'

jman

4.1

f*m«n

4.9

*3vj vnaja%®

30.9

rniai

171.0

m a u n uaima-3

40.1

jmai

4.8

maiJgrwom £fqjtywn«?rm mitn

7.5 —

756

ds!9ls)U!

38.5

•

w

1

236.4 37.2 13.6

masisisuei anaua^

.15.9

mafwsua" aut^ef

66.2

tiiim

3.5

•wa.a. s«*rem* Btfruga m aasan

16.8

imai

9.4

mai]?s5a uJawtfmretu

295.3

jmai

52.6

maa"sa«n nauiJsrnjj

66.4

smtri

11.0

HOT

0.6

maauuei smaa"w

62.8

mien

91.9

•wa.a. ansffnA tf&Jstjn

188.5

151.2

ma^naaa frt«n*una

17.1

tmih

25.7

——

915

. lira unjai

755

cnn-a 4 : tilvifaiu«a«|»n^9iamih5ii9iii.LmMiAia n lamnau vj.fi. 2544 (aiwinti) vj.w.'m. rirmsu Suw

508.8

stntn

9,848.5

110W

4.767.0

•

unasmem insmvmij

874.8

0.9

u.w. im*« lamaa

itvstn

21.2

\sa.a. fliaa aalqa-ns

10.7

*mai

107.2

maiwa usy-wa^

799.4

-..

* -

-

r

*

mawnni* aum'wauuYi

ritttn

7.8

maafoa •fltu.nwfl

37.9

rasai

14.3

lj«W

maiJawa aawnsm /man

754

166.4

6^91311!

0.4

101.5

92.5

'

wei^iif^iivj?it<iii9im5f1n^iua{j'3i<iuwuaEJi>35aufiau ^n,9u<?iaviw9i Tfi5<imTLlgi9iviuafluuiaEJi<i9iai,ua>3

T9iii]sf5iim5vi5jinaIvMMniw^ ?mHmn3Utt*jAat#m5iAni]?ywmiJU^^ uasVlat4m5U,ni]t^i9nawima5iijifa 4 flaamswnfiaseuvms; 9i'3i3Jiinn^ui,fi9i«8nn!l^^a,wgniijaiiii^ l8il^tvi5is?ii9ii,1u,Muatili4!,lliij'3 v^Uni?9K)l9lviuiEJVNi^9^

lu9 vj.fi. 2552 ^titetfiufniuautviaQT9iEjim%>? ?|ui?rcimvfoofinuilTiu fiQiuEJin^uaEJi>3U,iauaiEjU?itfiulviEJ^iuQUVieiiEJaiufiu^tEj>3EJin^u ^U9ialil Afusfssmeif mwiiMU>sixmifffl®n •

1/

1/

luijmtv1fiu^uua^u,«unfii<)nia>3i.9iui,iiid^'3U'?ia>3viu^u

uin^usmimu^^au9nlul9mu unni?iua>3uat;wfiuueiuu5fuiri 1

1

t/

1

•

n^U^51>3flQ1U515QEjlviUn91Ul.a>3aEJl>3VlQn<J Vjnf15>3v1um?l,llaEJUflfUK 5^UU91? ^a^^U1flQ1U515QEJ^a<15|UU9l1ui9luW911U1JaU?11Ja>3fltU,S m?uni?9a>3nuua^u'5iuil5iuniTin^59iuvi>3iii9i(u,.il.%.) 9iino 4 i9u

9liaEil<)^a<lflQ1U515'3Ej4>35'3Ul%VJ1t;V15VJEJ^U1ia>35JUU915 fjamauaj; U91?v1mluU'n?lU9i/lT3S VJQnilllUVlTlNEJ^UTJUnul^TIQ 23.000 A1UU1V1 l9uvlVl5^unu9lQ^unn^5lua^3u^<lfluTauvl5^NEJ^ullll^uu^U1Ja<lwau T91EJL%VJ1tU91?YlUT3eiU9i/lT3tUa'3

915. Isra 5uiyan

753

uAswviiteEaufniummsfoulvi^ dQUTfiQUiu^i^i^QuIfi^-ani^^QEJwaQi/imnilviu etaulvinjihiiEftjfniu

aaivren viilvt^9tuviuvj5aunuL9uviu^uivlu^u uanwiuwgina&uij lain^ni^^uaEjii^^uw^siiil^ija^Tfi^^mt^Ej mu9uni5vhw9iviAn t/

-^-

*

lua<)91'u1la^3n^5ll5tlliulf15<ln^5aEj^«3U,^fli;a^EJV1^9l6 fiQiut^aaEj'i>3U5<in^iiiuuviUf1ant^u^aivi?uuniIti|vii

fniummuuMiiuaui^imrnQftaiia^ laauufe I9ia M91 (Hernando de

Soto) unifl?i^f1ifl9i4^^i,iJ5W^EJUViu>3^ai.5a<i The Mystery of Capital vi?a "fmuamjTja^viu" ^^uviuo^avlu^aunvi'Ta^aEJio^iEJu^o

lu9rmauu%iuiua^9iu7 uan^inni?vmui1umlilluviuuiuu,AQ 5JUiaU1fniUfl9im^ll¥luW^ igllufoEjTfi^nituunau ^ T9iEJiavn^inaniuum?uu^a<i5^ mi Buifmn^lviEJ uuifmaau^u Buifmmanmntt9i?u,?iseivin5£u rrmnwre- i,mtBuifii5iv1aB?n^suui9in?n>3Ufiii'iJUi9iEiau W9hua<mnwn

^i9ifiQiu?fiQiufiiui?niifi^^^EjanviaiEja£ji>3v1^sviilvtni5ei>3vju ll^tJfiUfniUSill,?^ WUVlElulll^lum9lWfl9iaUUVlU9l1UflQ1Uf1191VIQ>3 t/

I

ft/

uilildni^fiTi^nitirwumviunviu^S^u ,

%,

I

ft/

rt

i5a>3m5tviui,9uviEjau5unuaEii>3n^i>3,?ni>3ua'3 m luviu^ao

fiusiuua^u^unsi>35Qu^luviu^i5i^ni5UAtv^un>3iu,iia>3559iTEJ I

Xi

t/

^

(9iuvivi 9) ni?sviuauviunviuQ>3i9uv1>39lQn,Q<i^ifiqj,?ia>3ni5Vj«)jui

ifi?yjn^uAS9nn9iitfisl9ilWa>3Anw^ 55uiAi?uuTfn<3m5cfcm>3ni5^ vj.fi. 2544 9iQEjm?vJn4i?jjviulvii,nw9i?n? 3 9 iiflTm^mTOa^jlaJfiaaibseiiJ 6 =•siajium-jiJ's^jjIj'lu .uiumSdentf. 2 miaiou w.fl. 254a

7 =ai^fjiJYifiwaaiiatuviwinwQiumflw'luviujSawaj The Mystery of Capital wflaihaTj tflluwfoftowa.j 'flemanflan nrnanami'' (aiurmaw Ta vnswn miawj. 2547) 752

§^91911!

Ifi5>ani5un9^viifiQiuEJin^uLfi1u9\QEjni?m^uwu'5tinauni5«iiui9i nai>aua^ui9iEJauluvia<)nu9iiuTfi5<ini5viu<)9iiuaviu<iw§9i/im*n A

«/

c&A

a

*/

C.

l«/

I

T*/

♦ •

T

C

•

"T

*f

^ounu^ai^Ejnfiu «") LUumu-i^aEJiolnimi "laviail"(OTOP) Tfn<inT5u

Imuni^eiuueiuuiLSitl^WT^i^n^QuaEJi^ml^^infiuia ^uvhlvi ^1QU1Ufl91Q191U^tl9uWll5K'nauni5LiatLfl5W|lviul9ll91Ejlu,EJin iuai?ui9uwiJ5snaum5 ^<iviu<)^iiiQiiiu^i9ilu,l9ifiaIvi5ffviviuana

raaEJlvi5f1v^vtuf1Q1U^1l9ua'Eil>33<lluni5V11B5n^lug?UEJU U91B5fto ^iuQuuin^m9i^inni?n?t9]U9iiuTfi?>3ni5viu>39iiuaviu>3w^9inni,<»i 9^a>3liULanliJlunfiiau^um5itluu9iai9i5a<)5uuat;fim/iivilul9i Mi/ " ** A ' ui9i5jiu <tiQaEJi>3^iu *\ l9iunni5wa9iuivj5nufi^riv1uuiu^kluriuaEJiv3

iaii,9ui,ai9iiEJ U9iwa^9iviiEJ^a>3viEJ9in^ni5inauvi>3viu9i U9kuaiAni9u wil^nauni?^iQuiuunluviEJ9iWvi5ffvjinuana uuviuiEJfniuQim? l,Hlvi?fivjvinAiEJi,9udQuviwaiia>3ni?u5lnfi lu'lmviam5w§9ian9ialiJ uan^^nsll;^91^^^unuaEj^^^lanln5nupliiTsJwul,1'^^If1?^3m5

viu39huavi&a waw/fawrmriejWviwm?Qui9uvianviuuaiuuivmaq

5|U1AluiflEJll5iJlUuIfl5<im5UaEJ1>3^5>3^iay ni?^)91>31UUasni5?{rU aifii?fimuvii,v1auei9i>3 UA£^iEJ^ufnuniviaanuii9uni59huivj5n

a^aiEJiiuuit^EJt9udQulviqj T9iEJvhliJaifm9m «i Yta^hwuljjlflUf

Ivifjufh ivnisu^nfrmumuaEj luawa^ntu^vi^ilitifiufiQiugiiif^ 5jmianu^ui9iQ5a>m9ilul9iil^^ mil^malvu^ui^wa^/iuiniuu

luni^il^^ufiu^n^uiBni^nifiil^^i-rJuivla^^Q^eiauulEJUiEj 1/

t/

i

i

unilqjvnfniuEJin^uuei^fiufi^vi 1 tuai^au^viifiu vi.fi. 2548 vrav?ifwn?uiuvmviEJiAEJ viEWffnli fi^ffQgi9i usrc nunum ^iuiU9i? Iaui

fi^iuauiviei'3iia<iIfi5>3ni5uuillvti,,wuaEJi^u^o^9i itfu Ium?fi9iei55

lvU9!Wi9l/in4,«»15t9tu 3 91T3s2f>3t9u^UflllumfUsf1EJaU5illia<l91A191 vin *} wafl/im^mhseiufniuaiif^ ^jsu 4 wa9i/imm3itetmjfniuauivi?n

915. I§f3 IJQjaJI

757

atl?ufitl9iweiaanuit9uaEJi>3l5 u*^EJviu^>3n9i9WlvHmiiiu uiNuui^iisviul^unniiumauuiu^uw^QUfiiil^tnuNun uun^ni^vlnwulilvii^itluil^teiUfiQiu^iif^ ^iQihunvmluuifiu

^BVlu^3^^3^^^u^ul^nuaEi^^3l)kVJ5Vlfl^EJl91un, "rmwhuu" au.L9uffvjvt us«iUQ9in55ulviu,lu'3>3m5Wuv1i,n9i,?juluLua>3lviEj uufia imthwliln wuui^nnuvieioau feEJi^w^inwlvinuamtuu vi&wrunwmmliJffre vrulvina>3viuviuijiu anlu'muv^Qn^ifiiu'rTnnlviuten ujanllfannnawu viu'uiui,^inuiwuuuliJl^fiuviuvii,vl<3nui iiuminiluuanttuusitii^Ej v

v

•

V

aaniijafM u9iiua>3^inm5m9u5UEJKnenlunQU ^niiiu^fliuitn^iEj

"fiinji" uaowuuul^ uu'as uui9uni?unu'njvnivlEj<mfiTn ivnisliwsas Ejn "fiiwh" Ejauiuiijm^unvruimui^ v1uwa9iauLmumifh

luvlBA^UIUflQIU^QUUa^^flUEJQ^EJtJiVlQI^UVIIQVIEJiaEJ

5fiiTnufituviiQviEJiaEJViani5fiilviEJiuai9iau^viifiu vj.fi. 2548 um?ngrn

^oiuQ^Ej^ia^ai^i^EJuvnQviEJiaEj^fiiln 2 fiu^aemJweiviein «i uao miQ^EJnaOYlUVIUUIUQI (1) VillviVIU^U5liEJt^Ul.lAtViU^ul91EJ5'3U ^a>3^iQuiumu^um5itni?nt1u^innav3viuviuuiulul9ii,?jililuviuvi

viuiH^inuviswau (2) wunnnuilillmv1aniiu5lnfilua9rrifi>3n>3 35-81% uas (3) na^vluvlu,u^uvi^lvt^uvl5VlEJ^1V1B1la^3f15'3l?auel91el^3i, m?n viu3u^uman^TU5Tnfllluuulu'lOTa^3lviu, ivj?itunQ^EjlviEjlu5t9iu

viuuiun9r3tviunaEJLia'3 w3atj"Mwiu nTn^Ejluaitnaviiifii ^oviQ9imnj^uu1 v^uQi^QuiuuViEj^iiEJ^rriiTiEjl9i rialvtin^u^viiviu^u tiej^iejvuu'^ii,9u dQulvtr^i9uni?l^wuma?au9i5i9iuwuTvi5f1v^v1uanaT9iEji,^vjiii T9iEJt9inLLSii;i,i)u,fii5 iiu'f^inui]t^viiiJ9i5i9iuwuTvi5ffvjvi ebuviuoiffa^in 4 : tJ?oSna-3vjuvij4i!iiuaTi-3viuiv5>j maua/aifi/entf 23 Swifia 2547. vivh 5 5 : uwjiotjjijuwwu 3 il imi 4 mi msfutfaaVfliif 21 Snuiau 2547. vivh 8

750

d^ 91^11!

vinT^uataiEJuaEJunteiu^uriEjl^i uilil^fnwiiSuvksviawTviaEJ ^ivnnvja "tfnvhuau" Iwivhuu TaniEiviwavjEJVJivifiiusiiililaEinuaEJi^ uaa9iluuviei<)^auTmuuatluviaEJa^

uiEjn*i vinStu tuQ9i? |ni5imi]fyvnfniuEJin^u^a>3fi'ulviEJ

i9u^9iu>sviuiEJvian^a<im&M9iriaum^

nufiQiuEJin^u9\QEjfiQiui?auuv1uvlv11^i9uvtQVfui5|uieiQi initial M iA

a

'

'

*" VI

"rJUtUuT.91 Lu9 VJ.fi. 2552 mU1f1^1UlfaUUUulllunfl<l91QEJ91QI,a>3n>3?;lV15^

atu?m vi^^inuuijuuraini^nti^T^^viiJUTfEjaliffEJ TviBinunnuiliJ

iJ5snifilvT^iQl?in|luni5il5^uav3fini5fiiTg:inv1iun^Tniua9 vj.fi. 2546 ia>nitfuni5vhettfi5iuvhliJ luni^vheUfiriunufmuEJinsju

5juieil,K£jviBQBVignnvisnEj EJViBQBVianl^unni^viivii^lvifiu^UL^in^ uvia'>3Muviuivni£53Uimfaiini5^i9iu^ EJin^lU ?fU1^1^WU'?Ja<lBU1f1155^91>3Tfl5>3ni5na>3VlUVIU,ll1U1luT91EJ ni?IauuulillvtviuiJiuu5vii5^9ini5nuia>3viuiiiucii; 1 aiuuivi

^Qu^uwuvuiundi 72.000 aiuuivi vi^^inuulu'uiu^uifi nU"5tl,UUWaQlTfl5>3ni5U,5S?1UflQ1U^1lf^^>33<imri^1QU1UU1WUU1flu mau 100% ^inni?y5tiuuuuu^iuaQ£juati4ii4ii>39lQi,a>3UU5juieil9i 9iaEja9iIm>3ni59\QEjni5lauwulu,lviviuuiumuanviuiJiufii; 200.000 300.000 uivi9iiuiiui9i^a>3viuuiuusi^lvi§aTfi5>3ni5lviuaEJi'3Tmmi

SML wEJauimm Small (wuihuvlufiuluinu 500 fiu) Medium (?svrru 500-999 fiu) uas Large (1.000 fiumilil)

fi>3lu'^a>3l^ni5QLfi5i^vtaEJi>3inl<)inugiiut^^iunviqsfi5ijQi 1/

&

ni?uviuiiEJuaEJuatwnuiwuuif1uinau 100% uu m9ifniudim

^a>jTfn<)ni5lul9uwrisni5ites$^^

915. lira IJqjJWI

749

<?rvn3 3 : a®6tauaaiima<aaj$nin9iaites:'2nn5 vj.fi. 2543 waitotsnrwaiw 18-21 fl

ttlffl

1

(nai-3)

1 : 60.000

2

(eisQuaan)

1 :• 71,000 .

3

'•(asmwiausrw)

4

(atnusiauuu)

5

(iviuaeiauuu)

6

(ivmattauan)

7

I

.

.

1 •• 4.000 1 •• 5,000

1 : 145.000

1 : 11,000

T = 107,000

1 : 9,000

1 : 80,000.

'

1 : 5.000

1 : 100.000

1 : 7.000

(nan)

1 : 63.000

1 : 5,000

8

(l<ji9iauuu)

1 : 56.000

1 : 4.000

9

(leieiauan) •

1 : 64.000

1 : 5.000

(rmu.)

1 : 30.000

1 : 3.000

10

wjji : aiunomfinujnTjjjnTim^finwiuvioTriw. nwrumr^Li i^a-slfi'j-jm'mtjivia

mvmmwufi&aammiaGisj^nui (University Mapping) / jjua cprmi iiajjfitus. m-jmvji: na'jjoiuilgTiJawjj^nwi anfi. 2546. vivh 114

fiQiuEJin^uViilvi^i^aftiuavj^vjlilyiiuiviinuluria^fiuauL9u

^lUQuuihT^EJiavntlun^jivivji uasiBunmaivinsn^iYivii t9u fiuEjnansmvfa wjvlirivi5iunu9ini5aviiijvji^uvlilvifi'5aufir39ia'3aEJ

iiEjnnuuiu "] t.9uni?tviufniuLaEj^9iafiQiuLL9in^enEjlufi'3aiifi?TLi,a^ fltyvnefafiuau 1 wiu {Jqjvnu-jTjffu

uan^inuuwavjEJwvluniiflnin

3 : NnaaKiayeilu Antrim iSaom wmuinTiuvvSiSufivmiufiiliymfi'jwtnniH m-Hvivn = ammnnvmfiu 2547 vivh 71

748

6^91311!

1/

ui>3fi?>3Ufiuw9iviiua<i'3i^iQaaiuEJin^iuivj5ijilu,viai9iivii

fiun?>uvivn u9iuui9uni?vj9imaninni>3eiia<3wvii,9lulil9i'3Ejafi9l

uasaiwuvhuu m?itl9iEJv1u|iuuaQ,aiQaaiuul9iaai9iuaEjn'iifiu a\ui9iviQnm9inaEjlua7iim9iEJQfa 1 uufia v^^n^^I^fllu91vlllJnan^lU9llunuviflua^n^f1uatB55U11^9llu, aiuiEj viilvtv<Qnraiv^9miil9i<ffin'3ifiulunuau fniunu9ii5iiaomfiaaiu

i9u9lQitil5ai^vlviilvi<iJi'3aaiu^iuQuuin'Ejin^u 9iitu 2 u^iauai,9im9uv1u,i^in9iaEJaEJiv3Viu>3fia unlhia' Ejsai

waEfl^iu^^ufjuEjnai^a^ "fliyvnmfilw" ^ajlvmluu^uuu a9i5ifiu^ua'v3lu,95i>3nu^>3viQ9iluriifiaa'iuuinun uriuwuiawtiuEJu I

if

ifa

fiu^iuuaEjn'3ia9i5iLQ,aEJ^ia>3il5iJivifi fniu^o^auai^u^^lvtiviu 2

itesilu^ieisy uufia (1) firiumn^uai^in^info^EjanviaiEjaEJn uan^iinamvivii>3/iufii'a'9i5viluaiuQEJiua<i^in 3 &ivn9inifil9iuu

lu'nu9ii5L,?iunifiaa'iu uas (2) â&#x20AC;¢smllilia^mt^Ej^iaolua^^i^ ndifiunifiauvi?aai^i9uivjTi:ml9^ aEh^o^ovlT^wmi

uan^inB^ufli^jAu'iilul^uaQ ^naaiuEJ>3rjnvia9ivl<i

uii9unaiuiu^innifnjj9riEJ Ejnnuluq9itaan9ioi,vini;mfiaaiuu^viB laanaui^naniwuvm^itt/p^iuQuuinnQi/iifiau ^uvfeau^umdi ni5f1nyiflauul9iaivi5ijl9iaanlillvtviui<iQu<iia>3fi'iiumn^u TflEJiAwnsj ni^nwiluttAuuvmvimaEJ vn^

tovn:Auq9ini5i,aan9Ki n,9iifiQaa'iuEi>3uIamavn>3m5f1nU'iuaEjmi/iifi au ivjrisviQn^iuaniuua9iuf1ntriuaEjn'3ivjnnifi(9iiTi^ 3) uarannsisu Tama'l9i5iini5f1nwiuaEjn'3ifiulviEjluriifiauuaQ imaa'iuEkuTama'

l9ituni5f1nwiviEJiuiauaEjmifiuauan9iQEj ivmtnifiaaiuuviualu a9iri9iinQimfiauuin3

915. Isft IJQjSJI

747

511513 2

:

S9i6lQU^a3iJ5s;2in5^5|^Q,iyin^u^a4iuQuiJ'3s;eain5iia>3?-3'wi9i (%) -

BBJJB^iiIrwiuatiS

nauarisiiJtmFmqu

3 2543

fl 2547

1 aTam

50.3

13.5

2 viuaJihaif]

SO.O

14.9

3

48.1

16.4

41.0

14.6

40.4

.14.7

i

UflTVNWJ

4 fflUYI? .5' anaum

6

mv?a*uB

39.9

17.5

7

lay

36.8

19.3

8

viuaosna

35.9

13.7

35.1

12.6

34.5

14.2

11 yuan (*Ui)

28.1

12.3

12 lujaa-aaau (iviua)

28.0

19.1

13 filatinw

26.5

16.9

14 l/HfjJti

25.8

15.3

15 ifasnil (*l$i)

25.5

9.7

24.1

15.1

17 aisum (nan)

22.9

16.1

is

22.3

16.1

21.9

15.4

aiwrawsty

21.6

15.0

Uflmfl&JI

21.3

16.8

iMirfrnhsiitft

14.2

73.1

9- unarm (tsi) iq

; 16

amnu

sjnenvm

*sauia<n

: 19 win (iviua) -

, 20 I

21

vijji : sffw. muvifhuicuwi&j ^vimm tStwrj?. .f\ra^m)y\ii ffq/muasyrMun. m-aivivji fflinm. 2548. V1U1199-200

746

61391311!

3J59)n9)n?ia9]2ra<refrcagrm

winwu>3imn^luniomvn lefUmulrii5a>3m?ia>3wmjffriu9i nun^sviu'3iwTJui,mnfalQuuinuisiinfiifiaaiu vnni5iniuviuYmu t, '

t>

if

if

U5ni?9nu?iuaivn?uat9nuiluuiuu^aivja>3 'iias^uvn^lilvmiu nWwWnitesm'fifaswu^ ai Lvi9iviL9uimuum5iJ;^^^aa^u^^u^uu^n mn^uiua mEjunufiulviej lunifiau '^u9uauauQiu'rinnni5n^

4iauaiia<3aiun>3iua'n9li,i,vi>3«(n9lu>3'3ilu9 vj.fi. 2543 fiulviEjlu^im9inaEjlu fmsEnn^u 8.67 aiufiu lu^iuQuum9uimaaiu 5.41 aiufiu Vila 62.4% if

if

1

ua>3fiu<viUYKiviu9i vKmnifiaaiuu™QUfiufi9ii9mvlEj^ 34% Tiaoibsmfi2

luu5?9ii?<iviQ9iv1ua9infniuEJin^ua>3a'9i 21 &ivn9i 16 &3vn9iaEj'lu

nifiaaiu #aua^inmm3visiuEJUfmWlu9 vi.fi. 2547 iia4?«|uiai,a%i if

g.

fmu^fau LviTiiia9irifiQiuEJinqulu^>3viQ9ifiifiaaiuEj<ifi<ia<in'iia9iTi

iaaEJ^a>3itesvifi(9nn>3 2) 1/

«/„

%f

^auaaia^a^ etfiif. 9ianEJifi'3iu^,iiaulvti.9iu^9i'iJuani,virit; •u.

1

lu9 vj.fi. 2547 mQagnuuriEjl^aaEJivlEJ^ 2.680 uivi9iafiu9iai,9iau Witus vknmomvn LiaiiiButu^auTiEjl^ 8.235 uivi fiunifinawriEjlA 4.857 uivi fiumfiiviuaunEjl9i 3.405 uiviuatfiumfil^uriEjlli 3.870 uivi

2 : aiunjiuRwsnTJ«nitniwwuii<:i,jw[ns)uasa'jfl»JUvij'jnli atriHm?a£fmutnni\u.ai niavuwrmi.filiiiliywtfnwtnntiv, mngifljj 2544 viui u

9i5.

isn Isfa

uajan

745

(511513 1 :

fiQiaii,t^n9ii3^a35i£jl(a5svii'i3na§4^3l5iyl9i6i3nijnaj4,Mal5i£jl9idi

(dmudwawiiJMfttsfei 20% vj^AQashuiiiiwa^na'aflisto 20%) iteatltf

a?nQu

nimrit

10.4

•2543

12.2

2542

•17.6

2541

mu^iaai

17.8

2541

ai5WU91U1

18.2

2544

11I5

18.3

2544

<sa

18.8

•2543

Tfiaaumnj

22.9

2542

unia

26.3

2544

ilinniEJ

27.9

2545

TuatQEj iami9ia? :

•

Synei (vj.fi.)

AA

vijji : riium^insniarfjaJGUifmlanlu 2005 World Development Indicators

744

sta913U!

•

II

ft/

I

•iia<inauv1u5iEjl9i9iiv1a9i 20% 9m49nuuviuisnnjiufniuH9imiLm 9uu9iauEjaT5EJTmun%TiTunni viuoluiln^fa^ouaoEjfiuulfiuri ivial9i (Plato) fl^f1nwini5viifiQiui9uB*nulu^fiuaEJi>3an«(i>3 ma5iHilu&3fiu lnaa9iufili5iEjtea<)na,uviu5iEjl9ia'v3a9ilu,fiQ?Lnu 4 mTuaonauvlu 51^91911^91 Q9inU9^QEJ9ttfU9hulu9 VJ.fl. 2539 TIEjfeeMnaUflulviEJVlUriEjl91 a>aa9i 20% ftalMlu 13.5 iviTija^nauviunEjl^i^ 20% viauino9 vj.fi.

V

1

%J

A

%J

A

2547 9l1fUUUUfliminU

12.9 UUVIU1EJflQlU11tfa>TO1<l5SVm>3naUflUT3EJ

nunaufiu^)ua9ia>3i,anuaEJ

a EJioltftaiuiua<mnwanawiwifo EJ9foua'a>39hvma,iQn>3u */

^91UE1^3nuaEiu^^3ua^fl^^uu91n9i^>3na^39t^la1lum9umEJ^lanuaEJ inai^i

aT^teitfadiraTum^

89v1w'iuui

uu'at lua^inna'ufm^EJEWuriEjlfeaEjn^Tn 13 mma^na'ufiu^u &3fiulviEJ&)Ewvh<Hna^infniui,9u&^

viinniuQia^>jfiulviu^uilila'a<>3fiulua9iufi9l9i>3viiviaT9iiauaiii>3

^QLamiavaBuifii^Tanu'^QiaEJi^uaEJ 4 lJ5tmf1l,9iul4l^a1a'n^^tuuLlaQl9lun,

tflljU(3.4 Q9llu9 VJ.fi. 2536) ^ISTSCU^L^n(3.5 Q9llu9 VJ.fl. 2539) VlUliaU9l (3.8 Q9llu9 VJ.fl. 2543) UaSfjfilAU (4.0 09llu9 VJ.fl. 2543) Q,ijuuais)na^Ql^'iIanuua<^fiulnaa9iufi9l9iiufiQiufi9i,Ba<)il5iifrJ Timcu tuma9i5Wiu Ifafwlvifijadlna&flsjviv^^

3nnn-hK-afi84a9!aj9ifi(9nyi>3 1) uas^Iani^srwcwuivi^ii^nwini.^u tf

aJ52*npa,wa,T&u9foiij

915. T.Sf-3 3J^J84T

743

u^fiQium^luni5^iuviJii.uEJuailEJuai;ni5i)iEjailEjT9iEjni5aQuivifj mw9nn5ibi;nau9nEJWil5Enaum55u«a 81 fiu w-nurauailEjli!

V

V

f

\f

aQuaVimnuwn? 1.307 fiu mw9i5n?vi5awai<i9iut9uinw9i5n5«uu

viKiUEJumsi 838 fiuuatvjun«3iu<ua«3a>3fini59iai9iiv1ai,ni*9i5n5(a.9i.n) 47 flU ?QUWaEiluTJ1EJV1^591l,9u 2.273 flU

luliiunitilTiufiQiudaaaluriimjuia utanhwwiiimw uiEjn 55uu9i?v1n5mil5tnifiTw<iwi<iaanuidi^s^9ini?nufiulu??uiavtuvl T9iEjlu9ia>35alui.a^vnnufmua>3^EJ'ii%a%a uriiuain^mmaavvnluni? if

~1

^aifi?a<i9i?^\i5iiiu9i^viian^ 9000 a^vl5uau^uuuuvi<llvlu, uiEjm

luEjauviiatl5uansiinauiilaEJU5|uu9i1 fi'3iu%aftai.u,5EJUi,auauui;i,5>35iEJ«8>3riia>3imtfiujiuiia>3

a^fiulviEjaEjluu^uu d^ Tanvi 1 ir\m lu,i,iuiEjn55uu9i1^ta'39iai>3Qiufniuaiui5nlum5 iiJiuu9iviufiinilvinun5i;l9i9il9ia'nivlEJ<)l9in9iiu 9i5^4humai<\>vj9jiui naEJvia>3^L«ffuui>3il5tjmfjluvi1iJaLU5nil9i ivnismTW9jjui9nEjni?lii mfiTuTaEllviuluEifiIanl5v^5uu9iuiiJ5Ej'uiauauni59ia9lQ9lnlvia>3lu

viiunai>3vjiEjlvity vjiniTil^ljjiuvilaisnil^auu^im^awirilTlanifjr ir

„

vii,n^tvj>3viaiEJEjaua>3^)U9nEj

. viini5iua>3Qini5v^9jjuii9uni5iJan^uluv1^u3<)a>3lvirymil5 n3<i9^a<ini55inun'3vianuajii,L|>3um>3Tiumiuu i/rrasjiviuTi cu, 5uit ^ilsjijuarasfeiniin^asfoia^^

Wfiuvtas;vli9auilii9naj3iupmafl^ tff5i*jn^wamtiJ4^^si,9u5ini,i>fi'3l9i 5itii34iJnQiuu5inti,riwi,5njy§4

wau§jil^SiiaQn4iUQu§jinlu|iJaa^ni5ld^i9ii§jn{im^uvis;nu aa liii,5iaJa'ajyl,wiJa*3nit,ii2;nu5inii,n59ialiJ anlalhaul&iaassEfm UUf1a?U^li3fl8jlt1£JVJU^91^U

9)5. lst*3 UQJJWI <

Of

785

ima^iJ

una-ail

lu9iauiJaiEj9 vj.fi. 2548 ^i9u^vini5ilEJuviu<i^aiauulna^u fmlviEJvinQ>3ni?luQi^L9ulua/iinm^

9l9i9iiufiQiu^9iuy<i5tvtQi>35|uianuuiEjauB auvia<)na w9hmuriEjni5

"iua<ilviEj™&J9iivT" 4<jnna'niulvi5vifiu«iia^5sai<)>39i9iiu4iana,i'3vii ,

tf

iivnwwamijuuja^ a,Quw9iiiuu5iEjm5an'3i5iEjm5^ia<iwnrin>39i 1/

V

m?itmaviiuftfiQiulu,IiJ5^1auaijfi'3iulu,i.viuiJia-uluni5vii>3iu«Ma<j tjuimureiia* vi.9i.vi. vfnSm 3ufa? fiQiu^u^uiuiJaiEJ^iunaiEj

t9uiJ?in{)ni5mvii<ini5Luav3Lua%uiauia'i5^9inaEJviBaanuil^ ?Quvi<im5vla<ifiia ni5il9inu^aiiatni5ifiaaulvi'3«iia>3wauuauu

luvhuaoiiuij uatm^ifiaaulvnnaouiEjauBuilildnn^uuuiiao ihsmwiiuiuuinluQuvi 4-5 nu/nvjuB 2549 w aiuvi5tu?u5il 1

u

vi5>iuimaviQ>3iiula,miia

ilrin|]ni5mui99iTaniateiEJ9i?>3<fiiunu vi.9i.vi. vhtmu aanui na'iQvii^i9iU9ia?ia>3ilqjviiai5Vj9iaEJm«iii mrwuuaMawnn^viu^a i^umimmimmv uwfia iijajlr/Eyi5rania'a^a'ai^inubf/m^,!5 tf

§

jjiuiuriau w.w.m. tfny^smufvnsitewfr irfuaiaimuiunilnjvii 9iio 1 foEJQBvlufh^Qi "fl^ilviaj-rinlviw" ^itesnaufoEJiMEJViaiEJ

amroanwlarm ra/rMJwntfw vrca tfn£^ij1i/I<3£/(Taksinocracy) 788

?ta9l3U!

%tuum'nJ'5si^u?5uic;iLifiiim'3Yi^m<iia<i vmYi. vinSui ^la^a-aefaa cnyei-miJriefinnasnli

fiulviydQulviEy<5fi'3KViun'3ii]ty'wi«iia<3i,'5iviainvi^i£j ifa?o iiatarvaaajajmrn wAEQnT]<m^*|ffaiijatl vtfl. 2540 HaainTJviuo^ao

^nijj^n>3a3juu fltymaumirimwaimunlmilu 4 nzwlemri (1) m?riiawil<mi®aQii (2) niwiimumfizm?fiiniiuviiaiuw (3)

mwhjiiluETsuluifMu u,az (4) niihjfimnmau&uftj ueiasnejaj 34uSTannstv^ii^a>3lritilild^Qi3ja3JcfaT£Jvi1aa£Ji>3uaynYinsl<Mnn?

wajvnvi&jeiTteSn fiulviy^^a^ni^wui^Sfiiisj^i^i^ciwan^nmaji

unil£yvni,LiJijnauTinfiauTfiui,^£j^

«iiviiii^ulvi£j^mQuUiua&j nmlnn&nao ymn. vtnwu Iujiue wjviuiviTSfirii^iwa'a'lvijJuu fltwrfwrnj 'ifafimfam" wvnnwrrcafiaEJ jjiuiu stauviiMivmsj vi.w.yi. Yinfiut StamffoJimwihsYfij'UvisnEj

iflua^«viii^»5uatWfli«u^iy£yiayi^viuniiuu'3i^taif!iwi3jn yhrimwaffi?iiwn:ftflTT3^auaT ^ "affimrmr w?s?M«a<afHfih iaiJi<ivi,TJiJLL^^wvisnwlvityT,uns3jriw-2<3 aiQTsnwwi^uuiuIfiJi^fJu^WEjnraiwEJuliJ'ji "affiufmEmr nww

jja*amwvmjlutf^uufmaflajni7fla*fmlYmntfn*aaj ^majjvktifa vi.9i.vi. vfnwu YinauimasamvinnmMfu "aflQu"

naur1i^i^ii^>3wayii>3iuI(?i£jvljJia^&jQl^^nu(?i^y'in flftvowijflAawu

ifioiJ?siSufjQi«fli«i?niiaj9i^taj^«iiniJiyviini^?i^?\un^LYivi"i Wnalvi 6 iHau !

luimnsn 4 tkwnyi vi<?i.yi. vTnwuinvi'mhsiviff frnlvm

shulvityuuU'hwnlia "affiufmueh" GnNtfaauYi^inEnfiuu

WTiswntffa'Wfmfl'M *] 3Jin^i£ju^!ivi'3iuwui,4iililslu'5t(?iiivi3ijijnu la's. \m utysn

789

miniyiivMfm 'WLmi-vhlrai" ercuiifaviTi w.gi.yi. YfnSurasgnajTni vnuuanltfvnmflilflamwaiu^

tl w.fl. 2552 wijjyiwn&yfip fe>slwflulYi£jrm 19 ammm^mlvtan lummaan&ai$ja<?mil vi.ft. 2548 u^uiuvi^i.inmifl'uviQviui^^iJia

a&m 2 i^u^ffa^emie^tyfia&j «i iiJayuliJiSufliwiviu Tfluiavns

^miiTswTmsQlaTq'b ^aL^^^^^^Wf^viry^tfiutei'aefuii^uu^T aEhumm

«Qi«l^ifaiJ«iviinauas«'3i3JftaftaauftiQT5iriaaEin,uaan3Ji

lJrinflifluiiiQljJiTittiwasQU tvi^niituintJQnijni,5ln>3lum?^^ai,ma<i.

*ua<minA nitflTn'iiwwTJ^MuuwuliuiLiJiiTAiT^ijSu uasfrmhEjTau

ueismywulumaijfiraaw'iyrn -amwuaiwiiitailiauNrmfWJ 2549 ifluuurm 73,000 aiuuimI<?iAj<?iaoia£jni,£ ifJmffflaulYta*iuit*astt

(Spotlight) vian&j^wviifeulriy^feywraajQjja^wu vj.«i.yi. vTnStu am^uweimwTiu wiuiii&nniJWYMtf"ia9niJnfi uiatfuB m4Yia>3nei

&OTimriTwSrairrwTtthaEirn 4 9t9uwviUv3yln<?if(Q'?i4tl^vlvJwvi^i&j uuu?1SLSuviu<im^QVian^a^^n^?(?ia<?l^uf)^^^VJtJ^&J13>l,ila>3^l^&J^lJ^el

Yta^fllvJu3aflamJsvi6Jil vi.ft. 2548

i^rafehawdnfiaajMu vanmimm aaT^iM^wiifluiQaimu uasvjEnEnajamriEJ IvmTOnwYmenvmaj'Jrtn w vmUiflaalAwimn

iuawnfha?5in?M?aNYfoiAifVMuu a^uwjuasffa^aylumJja llflfmiiaswai/Wi' lbinflfmtu 'tfn&u-'su-auff" iSugtauvuwua-a n^^ijQunn?^<inaiQuatai^i§4a<ivl<fi'iiL2'u,uS9i?vi34iEjyil wmsnulvm

d^ulviEiJ^nftQiosjinuu u^iviiajjnuuuwunai^^a^teiiilui.ffwau fnTO^ajfmaaaasnavnmi^TaiaajliiEjaEJ luQu^'wviuiriifiulvia 190

ffoerau!

tmaw Ivngma w fsusiifinvm ^amUrri^mu^'iami vj.si.yi. nnwm

iSuwuivi1a^ineiv1<?n3J3Jiluaui?i5i iMa'ravreMWflflAl'if fsiisvtfn&u «tf>a ui Qu^<liim^n^3jmliJlu?t;iJi)ni?fi^u^^ni?ij1vii?iJ'3tmftatii>3

»

«

4/

M

i/^y

AV<

i £s

i

«s

Is

as

a

A

a1

yn Iwnu mummi® Ujuaijmwiviui^wmrim'iiM'iwr) wmzimwi

ssi/siiwrnsu 9sifiuif)fa^i3aluni7iin^iiiauwunMUi^iwgf«ajin« wm^3wan(wi^avjlv?£/1m^ulL/^'3w^^i£JVi?£iu^f'32fw Tiaatiay^a^a^ihsnai/lu igueufm&ni ws#f&aiJ?iJiiJa&JU

mai]a>3nuSlwiSa>3T,viyi^uliJ^ij^(?i^iJW3J'in3JT?j^uvlji^i3>in'3fi

uiajiisfualflvmei wa^uaisiuifl'3u^nfiriJv1<3iuunT,^i,?!Jupi>3lueaa>3dn<)

viwnTnisiiQwiiwaswimvlalwinwfj'jiajflajijitu a/

_.

k

T^flatMvi^mtisvina&ji>3i9ulilQii^iLUQ^^i^ifi1n^^u^visnlun^aiJtia^

^awu ujeju™ imi^ mwia ^ai^Jiiminvi'luift'STdjn^EJw^ \Ati 9isn^i,f^uiJiJvl3>iw^jm'5Q3j1,uuuQTja>3 aefej aSto rnulufomua^uwflflu Sl^^^aijnv^?a>3^>3^ui(?i^tu'ii,^a>3Vlvi&jlil6:ifi'3i5jeijjg;(ai£jvin£juji

vnmriTjJawYhatlmmiiaflTw iwifltyvna^vlmwijj'iiJjijIi Ivwsuu wanwif(1wiviuivl^aj^wi9uifl«auni?«ni?wua\mnwni?iiTl^^uvi

ifluBt?3J^^^a>3l3JSd'3ul^d'3Ui^£jT,uulB,iJitJi,i.eiiJ3Ji9i?ni?Tja>3?5 vmiiajlyialmiiuitfumi yinvmitasiviffriQulvi^jjdQu^flstaui^a iwruMilhiWOTinrmvhirsTO ^am>3ViU3^<)viisl,MfiuvlriLi^rififin>3i,Lfifi>3T,si

§4invl^inyQniJfii3Ju^tyn^a>3ui&jn^3Ju^ylQT^i'3T£j,^aua'3

m^iTiwvlaihsivifftrifi i,i,9ivia>3^nnij1vn?iJ?smffi,5m'3aiinaij 5 2

uium

laNlfiTw^iflemuiarri laaihsTa^iirifonTOa^maiiATJ ehia^i u3kjfi?<iviu>3sitSw?;f>3^&jQiLVi?'iJiaiivl'3Vi,iyn*i ^jLlmvmliJauLlifcj

uijunstfuviu ua^nlaj^ialYiEJ^^w^jJinwufaijIni^Ivi^fiajuifiJj^ 4,000 amihvi fiulviySiltyvnfnl^^QEj^uiyni ^swa4ni?frcurfrriu ivl^^uliJanvinl^luLSaSYi?vjy^uayusQi3uvianviwuaiuijnri

wsAifliJanftn 10 mlinfulaJviajA S^lilnQiuum^auai^i^uuKnn^au iia>3viiuvjnBvn^3JitLluvian^imu^9i uuiflmaflaurmeiarmn

fnnw^uflauikytynflu1,vi&) ivjri^in^i^ntuu^<?i<?inwfinflauviiuvjviBviif{

liJma^nu^yTv^£ji%vjisli4/iifiv1^u^viuiv1(?iua ^aEiefmvjy1i,aalvii,n^

wail?^l£j^uvtii^aua£]i>3uviivifinyvl3Jtaa>3tlvi3j smiSuanwtutvivw

^a^?i^ij(?iai(?iif(?LLijijvlriEj3gn<?i>3iL9iTijTiEuriiei u^u^tifluaiJecnfilvify nim^a>ani?^t^uilwniQviui<Havlilan?i;^iiviu>3 immfluTamal

v1iri^tviuliflv^u^inQ>3Qwiia>3waiJ?tfcuviij^au ivniswumrnhsiYift

&£5aaT,u^iJimT^nuam<ifo^ ^uiYi^lia>3ni?muiJfifia^uuiJiji,i,eitsi)??Yi^iuYi^ ilsj^nn flmt^wuraa^iinatufl^im iwilwtf'M 5 LlvlwTu^ilaJjlYlYmi l^^tvii9)Qi2u9iQa£]iv3ria,u ^?<i4ii«vj'3nt(unnaiii.vl34?iQi3JTi?Q£jT,,M<?fQia<i

So^u w?a§jniJ^vjq^n??34uatuTyiJi£jv1n'ji,^u6l,M^uvlvi£j^^'3n ^Qn^ii^yfla^^^^vijji£j^^1u^9iivj?i^34usisriilMVJ'3riiiin^Pi'3'ijj

ttluayam>3vjvh S^uuiJViunna9inlu^fi3Juas«afiiYi6£;fi?vi(?jaLin>3

192

sfoeiqu!

mmuujaiymijniivnm^wil S3fiTi»nf8nii*iiiuiifl8^fTJuufttiJ>3flu

^a^viiIanne{da%si,i,s^et?iJfiQn^ii^^^QmBN^n^'vi3j"i&ji,ia^^fiB'5?3J

^??yi ^viasisff'siJlv^Qi^nnwnujiUTiajiiu'j^v'i 'asuaimrmsu l^'iJgij^^iwn/]Lnm^a<i^ai^LSlu^^SLiuQlu3J6ija^^'3"i3Jci<?iI'5i>3 i^miufllaniavjiiSa^viydwQiwfisj^w

naaSH.aEJGU'VMJKaaj :

^1Vl?lJlu?^^lJ^Yls^1^^4uu^lJ^s^^^3nlalJVl^a&j"l<lLVl3J^Js^mvJ?^Js

Ittfo^iviinvrmlTCiYifl imi^mljtfny.mvAum?w?mviiaadmaiJ filo ^ni9uvta:sflajvnflsnAivl3jmi m^vn^sn^lviajuan^'in^.^btj lunn?l^nyriiv<YlSaEiua'3Ej<3Tl'3yn'iK^iyfiQi3JL^y-3^inni?wuw'3u

1

V

^fiQi3j^y^Qna^Qi^^^^^n^^inm^ni?ruaul^fin^^uus^nnni?rii^'i?j ^•MQeiaaw tuaj^inariuvlYia'3mEjQlvi3J«nl^3jn^inni?9i9i^iuljjusK nTrniaim^iiunftl^tJ^iNitQiiwuvifl^ui QnajwaiBTstiatwiwmEjnuia @s. Isfa usuajn

793

^uviwm^i^lu^u^^umflvJa^Qija^Qtj^mQuajin ifaunvda^ iia>3nnTm<flaiflai^3ja^ih>A3jn.2^^ \riu Tfi^n^sjtiil^u^nLi^u^ilYiEjluftumai^vin^iTjnsi wru ufiTUQEja^ V

I

I

•

t/

iua^nnrini,tfiym<fli3jnuumEjf1 5 (Fifth Avenue) ua^ufnuueu

vl^l'ufen Ianiffv1^u^Yiy^^mlw>3Stvl£j>3aty3jmmiuu u^jjiriei feniTuiwa^/fmwinIfi?<imTMU^^niiaviu>3w^^m«nlilii'!0 TamefYi ^flTOivnrrifa:^ml?wuhtfiuu

iJEyvnlvityayvmlaunauasm^ /iialuihsmfTwmW<ini^mQU3J"in ma^infe^mimgnuaflnn^aviu

ifluvMim ^ayWaumLft-aWffisi^^/invifieiajiviaaay^ iwia/nvi ^fia>3uuin^^nnni^aa34^a<)^uluri?ijjift'5w'luatw^au^tfiu • ad V

vnnfiuna3JUuiwuaan3Jife'i£jLa>3 {JtyvnvmyifliNHifaslNinAim

u^^ijn^^i^sjl^wljjSwuaa^tentj^umu^ .vm:,vieiowAf}<?m ni?i9uviu^tviilwviQniiiiiilmfiTi^^i3J^iuutu^a>3wi&jn4i vhlmfcyvn vmSuauvmfoiimnmu\\]athorm^Tio iltymv.iiiKi«stiluyu ^^Q^auwun^uQ^^a^(,^5fjn^tuaui^(?it^s^stilu(aQtiiJ^^i^nj lunitfEff'Nilfyir.&flaj u3J?jina^it;i,1jJiil^EJUYiiyiL^ailtDvnviui?jj

^^i?<rauai^vhltf%maefuflAau uri^nalNSfoiwmTratl^^i^ Ivfinwm^aaajathw^

5>jliJnQ,iuuTm'3ni^iu'.uiJinLi>3iilulillmiu'.aJ^s;«i,Sa3J uuHa

laalviiJ'ssjTnWlwwu Sufh ii?m?uasn'n?tfmviAauiJiw"i£j «•) iias

l«iiJaiiv1av.^i?ynfi»iiuuua«\viiirii3iJia utEimertuuuraiilu ihsfifufmumEiusanush ai^wulmiuasitasiYifAuaslmaiNtrn

ifiolwunwouauumiuvM vnmJaaolvfumiJaiuuTuinejnuQuSlTamtf vi^jjvniSa>3lnyvtilf{fiQi3JvnEJUK^'3£j 194

staei^U!

inaas,i>i£j<ammli&, : •

•

•

liaa n ?Q^r1^fim^?^^u^lLmijrin'3Lriumia^u(?i1i,i.^^Lc:iuTJiy6ija>3

naviifln n um ^nufusi^u^^KtinT,^uT,YitiTwwauwu lAurimTmyinatrK) I

11

1)

1

Wnairaa^rm "ftaiTj-yhifo" T^tJiavnsjm^w^ul^m^iEJwunau

"tai n aanlillu^sAiMw *] aErwYbfta YinTMtftTbfjn^T.vi&jl9u "msaUfuT mariadn-aYJUfliivm uffluJUTurrn "^itj-vIiltj" dairmna-ariTS "ftniai

iwifm" uas "^uiivj^-Tfuiinj," winmufaEJ n vmmrolfiTanml'isefij fni34amvraQam«3iiut%3 ltju I^^mrin^ifaTna^mmYiltem aavi m4«

(Elite Card) nwttWPi iwa^iLvJwuasnn?^ri<iiSa>3*lvi3Jv1^viQ^ufi*3un£jn ii&wVramiSuTuiww wiu Tfrwm^tnueftifnwfouvivh (30 uin

tnwiYjnTifi) u^Klm^nTSViu^iiiaviVMwiw/im*^ nailtyvmsflinnqei ii3J^K34wvinvn'3'3iLfi?4m'5^nuQU3Jin3JiltiJvn iMmrna ms

^T,iJwviuiT^£jmiili^nftTm>3nT?ivi3J 1 aanajitSu^ys 1 ehuvvila m?i^?^wu^^u\viwuatandQUViu<imaT.§L^siu^KviuintJi^nwia

naifinllBiiiltyv.iiiajlft^niTWfii^wiiil'tMiuay foathwWhfts

YlamiasiSuvfaiiiiuiiajfliVfanfla m?itamiff78f.TuffTVJ9iijaa (JTa. T,Sf3 URJ8J1

795

snal^ama^^lmSuYii^i^mmij^n^^ijYj^ijaeilYi&j mTri'mufaa l3J*im?il?«iSuwfiw^vianm?ij?vn?aEli<iti£ju?-3 waEJluimrrnu ij

qtvtflawsJIrrmhsifivi wu Tm^m^nawuvijyihu ii^fmWl'urm il?siwuwwvianQ^ini?aEiiJuiaKai£juaKYiiliJivlEjjiv1auiwa3Ji^ij9ii lhanvwvhtfu

Yt^wui?5iiTaLifj«fiiuK?j34u^l3jni9uwYl«iJ?sflijni?iu Ynwumvm^iriau uwlsJiJtingQiwQniiiilwuiJJiltfluni^iJivii? ibEiYiflam<mnefaj tua>3^ini'3anYi?wmnj5uasffnEj/nvjS^inw rrmfiwn

vili^swa^Smiai^ufmajdnfinjiiaj^^iKi «i u*Rffinfiw«slhT«! uvhin^ltnflewnf.imiJviM9iua«tt«(wfni«^a4mw8ifl\w«u^nai'3 iiajn^ni^YinaEJiJ/iiEj'luvluvl/ivi m?invmuiJim£ib^Ym/nweh

Yiifetyi^gjYiTwmm ni^Quu^y^wvlYii'iiiSa^YiEj^KiSuffwEjnsi-a

maasRYidiffey^ »| ^w^miiaiJ^ni^uarisiinfjumaioluni^fi^riivj ivlarownharwu wiu nsiniiiJ^naiJtfitju^laJJiaKl'SYlwa^riSiInjjui ifrum-mu "mmaer Mwrhflu "^n?au<^" uvHiawa

796

tfafffllj!

iiTsviwjiudiviTiJiltsiYifttnli vj.5i.vi. vinwu Sufti'Mtatnusfifhi-j

uinjv^a^ ia%39iu il^umiBii^fiuutma^^vi^ji ivmstflufmiwn wwn^iij^i^isiviftwij^prn^vjiyuwihsvinJlwy lua^inuitivia ?a%wuifluTW5itf¥!hwtt^

nrrasiaan

iflumKt^iuwu^uvi1aifluiJ?^uisul<?ifia<?i^vjnT,v5i ueimWh viffoin

uuifluimfifljiu&nuawmu^

^nmnjaiiil'aSs^nmJl^&jlustvi^i i^il5ii«wmiiTOrinia^§TMTjprnaji^iy lujiu^L5uun&jn%^u5i1fiuu^9ii^rn§juf4jimQil%Tilill5i£j Tiaoil vj.ft. 2540 vj.9i.vi. vMsu iilam^^^ijT^wjml.vinTnJnwa^' raijamhsinSirtttuiwuiuliJw^ iaaw iua vimwivwaua^iwimalvil^Tfl^Tani^diviTijiiii uei vi.9i.vi.

vfnmu nmjvjwri 'i/?«^ffi/ta&M#vjmf% " vhlviinfliJtyvnfnta fmlviu^fmNiiuihud'M «] wlu m?emvn?f3jn!fnuatmTm<nuiia>3 a>3^mae('5tvj?a^nijm?n(?i^miiituYi^nu6ff>3^a in^inmiajUiimil.^iajwn

v1^^1vinn?iJn^?av3?tiiaiiil?^iBill9ifiJiiJ>3iJiuvi1ai)ileiT uan^nnuu

ni?iJivii?ni?i«a^^Ejni?Wwuuiviuiifluni?s?iJij?7vt«jiu^£l iwu^riatmneifnm^aaj^

iriu

ni^siiiJwu^aute^n%n^a>3Vj??fi?jiiialu^riiwLmu?i^{]?L^auais 100,000 invi ni?tou^a>ana<i^innuuii<iI<?ity,Ui^ni'39i?'3^e(aiJ riTavmu

wwluvta^fiuvlflms^uwIliJiJts^tiijij^^^itasni^Wwuuan^ii ^^iw^l«WTUfiQi§jimwfaij«aj^/iiiJLriauvitv1^in 3% iflu 50% na^uiltMJiwnnj^iia *» VI

i £

as a

'

EMliJmimi vi.9i.yi. vinwu i^^^Wa^riTsvl^giQui.w^ri'n

am^vmtefliliamv^^

400 Tin soo viuo

luflmtyiiYiurnag? m^ 05. T,gf3 Uf|j3n

797

Tflnjefainnt u^jsNYi9iaaiv1aW^3Ji^?tsijaiiiJ'5^i5'iJl9iEjluma^lriEj aj

aj

EiaNOTi&JilJsn

riaasiaHQi/wmfia : •

•

TJa>3 VJ.91.Y1. YinWU lumum'5YI1B'3n^)^-3l,llUYIEJa3J?llLVJ^l^^lSl3J1in 1

^i^'liQ^iULiluafiwvnift'ji^lliluLQenau^u aEh^Tsnenwrmswun

uaswqfintTNiia^iyYh^ifn^tfa^ •HftranninvmibKiYifiaiiJ

5 fl vj.91.yi. vtnwEu UutffNadi^u&fa'ii

raiSriiQswuiuasvjq^m'jwdQu^i'jT.u^^ii "^aii9in"' luermrmirlvm lhsmff vhaEhairiu

(1) ni?iii^wniQKvii'3an?«iuf'3USfw<3aari3Ji8lu'nJ?ia4fi'ji§4 raNYumilflfnwTOivnnnYravfewiu "lula..." luyi^iirmvuimE]

(2) fmuuiifufM laufiiJ ^a^iiiA£n£Qwau^nvmn9mtf.3 u?(wjaan«naizJi^viiaKaiiiJiSa?i7^viyifluwiniw^il?^3jnei3JiJ?tmfi

798

gtslClsJU!

iaiflmamil?vln(APEC) via 2546 TjinalwaajJMfcy m. ttmfej vnroKnnA ^^misUu^n^9iiuviu>3wamQiijnn'3a>3^n'5nn?fiiTein 9n3Jrnwiu&j3jennA V

if •

C

a/ T

M «/as

a

as *| Is 2/

i

i

i

waiui&jrmaofln'i'sfn tarns lwsunffUYinm<a lvuinTa8Jib:flf*«ia<3naN aj

as

a.

4

1

ibsmfffiuem vtwiflu^ulvia ii9i m. fi/wfa UiteiMty flTMfrrwvWU M#w?f>Hn9im7mam<m>3 LiaKy^ifluvlwiuilanWwuaandinuiaja

%ui^efuii^uufe<j^ni7f{viiJ?jiriifi9lu9i>39l<) m. fjmfej Tmwtjjwuvivm iaiiiBni?iia^a^flni?uvijni?fliiia«v1wuiflajsfviiJ?Kininli(UNCTAb) 9ia^inmm2uwamimi?a>3flmm?fl"iTan

(3) n^?Yi^aJli^^3VJ^aJlJ^<)l,v1a^^^^fl^vl«^f>3Ll,ff^^^aan3^l^slu?ll,iJa^3

m?anw\MSa^l?w^ulviydQulvjfJuaiul«aaniii^ a%rciT3^auifairo ai>3diilfiayQ'i>39ii3j^i?(au'iia<)YiiuvjYiBYii^iii>3 u«vn3jfni3JiSww£wi9u

vne(Muiia«vnffai?3JW iflihmtfirrHj iviTisEj^vjtJiaiajflTMfmajTiny '

%

*"

VI

iv1mimasS^uflwfiQi>jifnaQTT3iwiiviijUiiii9i£na

(4) ni?SaniPfsUSsft?c,unj^}y6»>3Ucfv3iv3aanjJi*lu'3iJiia>3ni?iian pj^dnma^lrijulaJSliiviQ^un vtv3vi9iauuu34urii^?tiiiv5iafijluvieinti)ri"ifi n&aibsiYifi niuianQiiltsm^lvitijfelwmaLaajtavJnauriiviu^mri^m?

iSuvmUif! ii5ianlwnwvla«inauiianifiQuiuaiyiJviwiviiiaEj'3ifl'3'5 L2uvium^nt3JUL9uvt,uYin<i^?n>3?i'ci3j?i?'3£ji,^u9i'3iaiJi ni?d$anliJYhj*m lu™aivm^iUvH-Qu^a>39h<m^

Worn? "fmlviti^iinfan" uatn^?Jini^Yin'wav3'ii?^iJiei?9iQVi3Jv5iLiS'3 II

«3

U

uas^iniJ^vnWu^ (5) nnajuftuUiaaiiifaaj mTO?iiasuiJanuun&iitffl*aan3Ji *lu-3iliiaom?ufmw mtiuuviEJu ni^ufiauuaOTi^iviiywMUiwuwiEj V

1

iliailentuil vj.tf. 2548 iSi^ayiJvTSlviwuaoi^iwu^w^yifaiJ^iffi^iw nr^ii«msvw\unTw^wwTrn«iuy«ayi^tiUi^

05. T,gC3 1JSJJSJ1

799

(6)

nn?wMiiiifaiJ^aiun^ua^n^fiQi3jm3jn?nluni?TujjuiQ

wau 4>3Ufr^<iaan*jiWiliia<)ni?iii4iluasni?miii^i?i,jni'juiJiiv1iwi

^aaiiJ9in§jl^ur!ni'5iJapJni?^nwni,vi?iiJiJ^v;)im wmraa>mgiswui

^a>3nutflu^ungJ5jlvi^>334nLviul3J9i?<inu vi&rainitesnifllwnum'j ilfl3ilm^nwiiQuQi?£uvutfi9lu^ nTOaTM^ntrraTmaa 3 t^awnYi^^iuuumntT.sJ^fiQiJjefisji^fiYl^i, •J

Tl/

1/

«i

«| 1/ a

' VI t/

(7) ni^iAQ&JYfauvkifl^^^ wu nitftv^^s^i<)i^a>3lYiEj1,m9uftuynai>3^a>3YinajiJi>3luv1uvlfivjueis

.i^av3lviiij^^ljj^fiQi^£jnn^umlaa^vi^^iniiint9uun£jn?53JU9i? 8 9 I

Is

I

i1a<)ui.9uYl^ijm«ba>3inQ9ii^iJ'5i,mfta£i"i<3riQn<iiiQn<i

(8) fmajmrotus "ihnliuiiiilifafi" qutfTUfmNiSuvna rituu^ouffv'Kiaanjjniiay n imt nTrwAlvjeMaanaj-rii "mauWiivia" I

aj

V

(9) ni?i9uiJ^^fi9fuuiiiJTja<ini'5l§Juy3jlYiy<B>3U^v5i>3aan3Ji lu?il^a>3ni?LYl^YiuLmQ^^^a<iftU9ii>3^i9ltviuauu'3^<?iiia<)fiulvi£j \,iu V

V

mr^nuimm ^ ila^ni^uiJa^^uvi^yifluYn^ilmfluuT&jiiiJij'iiaj'ri^

W9iT,awan0mmilim1a>3iff^m ufitlutil^a^niT^^/iiwilvitiJiJu^^wYiUi^iiSu uuQlifluaEfm*iL9u

a9ianummmyikiia<3in9i iSaimQ^^u^sm^tijliJ wUjSiiu'3ft<?iusit; laJSmi^ntiasj^ty^nli vj.9).yi. vtnwm^^^^naunvilal'Wfi'Jisjanfiqj riaehuu wi^^«^Qulun?tiJQuniT^ili^ma<ilYify^T4Ja9ianwm^^,iilu iMmhliJrim^tyffittluYfav'i

200

|fo®31l!

CTdfagteaftiyimflsi

Twiija^il?tQ9l^ifl9i4auyiQunui)a'33JUWiij^i9iii>3Qi^^i3jnnQviuT i

i

fniJjmvi&uasttQiajeiNSaimn^

WM&fl&i ujajlYiEjaajjiVf soo-iluat tu iu^Xmi$m™mw\wmiv\\i'\ 9ialil^ueunT,Yiuadnufedi^^iJ^ Vna^^^^nua^nadluwu U

1 1

11

'ijawQn^a^n'fiein'afnu iiatv1sisj?i§jflaiiui0vja ni nu ma^injuml i i i

^^IjJS^vnaiun^iSijnYivjaji^ij^nlYiLji.SuYnrf vilaywuwu^ulviEJi.iluiija^ lu il^^jijYlqKYiilv(iSa^Yiiijm'3viui9ia'lil viiu^^nvilasiajsfaiEJiiiajj i

^saJi^nnmEjluiiluvian luim 40 Sflmujjiili^vma^YiJLmm^TO

^Q^iJ^^y/inylui9udQulvidLLsitluYl^^u^^-3annn'5aan3Ji6lu|'LJ^av3 Qnq9iifi'3i!)-|nsiiljai) vj.fl. 2540

vt&asnnvm vj.9i.yi. vim«ku %uQ9n

Slama^^vlsi^n^a^Yi^^ul'LlfifiQisjm'oViui vmffoem n flmvraiMu 11

1

11

.

•

vxiiawnnittu, uu^ulvity^iviaji^^^ivi^uniJ.tyviiiiajTnli wn^naiEJ tiluwtilaiuuTamfaiiluQnq9iivi?isl0JU'5Q3J fzvavrinwm ^siSuehiia Xwm^umummniiz^-i^iuiii'iiu aEhAnenaYiTsaan^ajfrnlviEj 11

SflnlrmUi vj.9i.yi. vtnutu aan^inehumw mai^a^aliJl^W^ma-slYiiij •u

^tlsJvjD^v'i^iiifnjuvnniinfliajTatnj^ ?^aimns«u aanTifwfeintwiSall

i. \isca usum m.

207

m^l3Jn,?jau^iff?3J<liQiijni'3Yii9ii3J ?|rn3m^usisnQmmwia>3&3fi34 9ii3Jt^9iuT33jn4<ija>3?t;iiaiiil'3S,5ni}iJT,9i!j uasvfoy^iqjtintMia^

wJEmasmain9lajLh>Mifo1>3 lun?mv1mYm^in9huviu>3 ijinaviTij iima mzm<na ssi/aiwnsfsu aasYii^nwijB^ajvityufitnciinnt6^ aauifi^flwwlunu Ci%tuutSa>3lYiJiJ^Js9ina{i]T,,w,Q>3Qusua>3?i'3i3ja3jeiri â&#x20AC;¢U

I

.if

.,

flanfiaiuma^tufkniivm Lliulil^^siiJv^QiiJfiQnajGiWiHciiJiJvinfiJusi

202

staei^U!

1

laaimuusj aannuuau :

unainsiriiifianaiamainiw "nnurnjuna" ainuiffsud

««.•

finuonnon ihuonriwis

" niluwasaalaluaauaau

liignffnTnufhlmi ? " Us:diOauu"ilUgniau:aaidls ? " n'llu GDP Idiffanalula ? " iis:innauiuga:ls

rTsTuiannlnuri'iliiulug ? *' insu3nilna1tJiiii3nauuu

laauiiuusj

laua'(Heqnes) isansa ? " usmsUsrinnaaulsliinaiaiDu

aannuuau

uus'anro ?

- un5tnsi:HirfonaiBuifnniB i "irnflliuflna"

" nilu "itf auwuu" 1dluauuau.ii uaumaTu

?

" isansanan 4 TuunuTu

as. las itnjui

ausnunlnai:

?

" ifilua~dnirTdauaaia ?

413tlltie*llfU(f 14 60lSlJ(l!«SSIIWj!ffH!fI(!{>a!!l Bdr.iIiJ«s»jn»-!rata3?-ji-M-...T-i

...qai...

ns.laa unjm uiiauaunainsirmiuun^muwsauvaijaiinnaran iwafiai

iirauianiuinsu3niiia:a'dnijvajs3uia n'ia~JUiwiUs:innln8iviainttuiTu

iiaranqnffj'sriTurnsjasijanifjtJdlulunis "ffnlnu rfilifii" clan ivrhn u uriiQums "aanuuu" iiuaurauiaffUsnnnau i luiuauiuumao uiluiTu luaalna ffdiaairfHialnanajgriauiraiBiffulUaiUsrinHaiilulnaenid Twniauruinuiaaaidffna

aiu.._iwavauari "isj" InrisiuHUjaaHum <9\ 1

. iSft USU3J1

2 03

iUfctDfeJS

i>OZ

inmiuucicn ..sunyucniu ucuucnuy,,

siuieagncuncGfi|nnimuimcuflnesffl niancn:eiincnuiciincnu

meu| Lnuinnciiuniciucmri^ niGnu[nuH[in:niirunuu buninunei 6 uejnu:snUuneiniuci2cuiH uuu Hiup^ufennni nj ..ranuucBariHaH., ueucnnnecuuic

acecnecinjnucni : S|ooj |o uoijojqojoj 9i|j, ucnmauimcncunuimniunuii

uncuumeHiiipnnunpnnEsaco

.niinpinmsungaepii,, ninnjnncnutu npmc |D|jdD3 jo AjojsXw o«jl :eil c. S[:CSUL'jnu:SSlH5nn)OCnUB

: mou']| so33 i*»a ••!• i»HM ncnmouincnojncu cjs : nox soipiDj ojnjnj at]| s\j

nnepmcuuisi nnepiuejcni : ojnjnj o«j# Supjuiinou UBinj»iH|5[nincsiuucsi«isn :

1:014030x3

iunyppiiei2 ne:ccyssncunicscusiuncu:spm

: 4«iA<>j£) jo poods at|i *o Sufposf npiHnnmuuu :nnuuui eencni

fi|6noi|x jo poods °*I* © ssoujsng cyssui»jnm:spsomusnrn

niuycOpsiucni : tr uuBneu

jimjiii nu^y. suKHH-fliciKifiiKSi timnnnjiia.nBuii.rinnuii uMfl.np

. uti 5 w|(i^^.cu,..tii,i;n!>uiJi.OBwn-ainii»ncs

: oai|v s,«|

ussct»nnsc:eii~"usn&cyss uiuuieustumupinn sceiucu pe(n

synyueniu ucuucnuy

: sujs Gu;40>iJt>vV AjpDOQ uox •

i CBUinem[C|innei a au niCBU(nuH[in:niiranuu buninucgflnHnnr.eii

Zfri pn[ueuuinaauniuaucysscganHDCBUJ>uteoynicunuiiiGincsncsiicgnn!i u_synyueniu ucuucnuyu egnrmny

cemn I nniinnnnH[UBSiuucsiHsnsiu:sie:ismi