College Health Professional by David Fine

College Health Professional Addiction Recovery Solutions igest

A Quarterly Newsletter

Issue N° 1 — Winter 2015

FAU’s Unique Program Puts Treatment Right On Campus

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Welcome to College Health Professional Addiction Recovery Solutions abuse and 6% for a diagnoses of counselor and mental health professional. College Health alcohol dependence. Professional: Addiction Recovery • Six percent of the 17 million Solutions will be a quarterly college students means that well magazine providing information over one million college students and resources to this group of would benefit from specialized professionals.

College is a time when young people begin to experience some of the freedom and responsibility associated with adulthood. It is also one of the few times in a person’s life when binge drinking is considered socially acceptable behavior. The sheer amount of alcohol and drugs available on Consider these facts: college campuses can be staggering and indeed for many “social • Approximately 1,800 college drinkers and users” the students die from alcohol related environment is little more than a injuries. distraction or an occasional weekend fling. • About% of college students drop out due to alcohol related issues.

For a small but significant amount of young people however, what • 696,000 college students are starts out as innocence ends up assaulted by another student who becoming a full-blown addiction. has been drinking. On campus alcoholism and drug addiction are on the rise and the • 3,360,000 students between the risks are great for those young ages of 18 and 24 drive under the people who suffer from addiction. influence of alcohol.

substance abuse treatme Until now resources for counselors and mental health professionals on college campuses have been limited. To fill that gap College Counselor TheCollege Digest of Addiction Solutions will become the hub of information for the treatment of this very specialized demographic. The CDAS will be published quarterly with an initial mailing to five hundred colleges and universities in New England. The magazine will be notfor-profit supported by the generosity and advertising of the treatment industry. This will allow advertisers to become part of the solution for college students and a resource for college professionals when their students need help. It will also give professionals in the field the opportunity to address this college professional community with articles and papers

Over a million college students fit • 5 9 9 , 0 0 0 s t u d e n t s a r e the criteria for a diagnoses of unintentionally injured under the 180 Woodbury Street alcohol dependence. There are over influence of alcohol and drugs Suite 716 570 colleges in New England alone • 97,000 students are victims of Manchester, NH 03102 and most provide counseling alcohol and drug related sexual 603-657-5580 through Student Health assault and date rape. solutionpublishingcompany@gmail Departments. There are currently 31% of college students meet the • few addiction resources or .com criteria for alcohol and substance information for the college

On Campus FAU Treatment Center Aims To Get Students Back On Track In his 12th year of recovery from substance abuse, Andrew Burki drew upon his own young adult experience in developing Life of Purpose, a treatment center for young adults that opens on Tuesday. The center will be located at The Research Park at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, which is adjacent to FAU's college campus. The center will provide treatment and follow-up services to students and other young adults who have had their studies disrupted because of alcohol or drug abuse.

Addition and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.

The new center "is breaking ground in the field, let alone research parks," said Andrew Duffell, president of The Some of the professors who once Research Park, which has tenants taught Burki will participate in Life of including electronic medical app Purpose, either full-time or in company Modernizing Medicine and consulting roles. The center will be an incubator of start-up technology located in renovated space at the park companies. with flooring for yoga classes. Duffell said Life of Purpose was an Wes Hawkins, a professor of Burki's attractive addition to FAU's research in the School of Social Work, has park because it directly involves offered his services as consultant to professors and students, providing opportunities for their involvement and research.

Burki, 32, earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in social work at FAU. He came up with the idea of the on-campus treatment center while in school, writing a business plan as a class assignment. His own disruption came in his early college years. At 21, he came to South Florida for treatment. Then he found new purpose and passion when he studied at FAU and did social work.

the center.

Other FAU connections include Dr. Charles Norris Jr., a professor at the College of Medicine who will provide psychiatric services; and Paula Mendelson, who teaches nutrition on campus as a professor in the College of Nursing.

Life of Purpose also plans collaboration with faculty, including Hawkins' wife, Dr. Michelle Hawkins. She is the department head of the School of Social Work. Peter Holland of the College of Medicine also will Hawkins also will oversee Life of "I was more or less directionless. I be involved. Burki additionally has Purpose's research, which will focus became very good at video games," Burki recalls. His goal is to put young on how treatment can be improved by hired Sarah Lucas, an MBA from talking with clients and following up Harvard Business School, as chief adults coping with substance abuse operating officer. on them after treatment. Burki is back on track, to help them get an allocating 10 percent of profits toward But for Life of Purpose to be effective education and into the labor force. research. for students, it most matters that Burki The number of college students cares, Wes Hawkins said. Life of Purpose, named for the goal dealing with substance abuse can be he sets for those in recovery, is startling. In a thorough 2007 study, "You can get all the great science, but backed by $1 million in undisclosed 22.9 percent of full-time college at the core is finding people who students met the medical definition of private funds, according to Burki. The really care about you," he said. center will bill insurance for treatment substance abuse or dependence, or accept cash. according to The National Center on mpounds@tribune.com or Burki's "enthusiasm is contagious," he said. "He has taken all the pain he's had in this life and he wants to help others."

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The Hidden Health Crisis On Campus: Eating Disorders Fewer than 50,000 cases of H1N1 were reported last year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, yet this potentially deadly strain of flu was treated as a national emergency. In contrast, millions of college students have eating disorders, yet most of them receive little or no medical attention or psychological intervention. When left untreated, eating disorders can lead to permanent physical damage ranging from hair loss to damage to the heart, osteoporosis and the inability to conceive. They can even result in death. In fact, eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, and a suicide rate that is 50 times higher than that of the general population.

did not seek treatment for the following reasons: - Unwilling to seek treatment (82 percent) - Do not know that they have an eating disorder (48 percent) - Lack of awareness of treatment resources (34 percent) - Embarrassed to seek treatment (28 percent) - Lack of treatment resources (28 percent)

College students with anorexia take extreme measures to avoid eating. They typically become abnormally thin, but still talk about feeling fat. They have a distorted image of their body and continue to diet, even when they are severely underweight. Other signs of anorexia include rituals around preparing food and eating, social withdrawal and pronounced emotional changes, such as irritability, - Perceived lack of anonymity in treatment (23 percent) depression and anxiety. College students with bulimia typically “binge - Lack of knowledge by staff about and purge.” A binge is the where to refer students (18 percent) consumption of a large amount of - No need for treatment (8 percent) food in a short time. Purging is forced vomiting, but students with bulimia Because so few students seek Many people recover from eating treatment, it’s difficult to say just how may compensate for binging in other disorders when they are treated at an ways, such as excessive exercise, or serious the problem is on campus. early stage. Unfortunately, the longer Studies in the 1980s indicated that 4 use of laxatives or diet pills. Bingeeating disorders are left untreated, the eating disorder is characterized by percent to 5 percent of college more likely they are to cause serious uncontrollable, excessive eating, students have eating disorders, but a medical and psychiatric damage 2006 survey by the National Eating followed by feelings of shame and symptoms. Disorders Association (NEDA) found guilt. Unlike those with bulimia, College students – mostly women, but that nearly 20 percent of the more college students with binge-eating also a growing number of men – do than 1,000 college students surveyed – disorder typically do not purge their not seek treatment for many reasons. both male and female – said they had food. College students with bingeThey may be trying to hide their or previously had eating disorders. eating disorder typically are disorder due to shame. They may cope What to Look For overweight or obese. with the disorder by avoiding Those with eating disorders are more treatment. They may not even realize Eating disorders affect both women apt to have other psychiatric disorders and men, young and old, rich and that they have a serious health poor, yet they are especially common and they have a higher incidence of problem or may mistakenly regard among women on campus. Major life substance abuse than the general their disorder as something they will population. A growing trend on transitions, such as the onset of grow out of. Many individuals may puberty and going away to college are campus, for example, is believe that treatment is not covered “drunkorexia,” in which coeds starve believed to be among the most by their insurance, or they may not themselves during the day so they can vulnerable times for the onset of seek treatment because there are no consume large amounts of alcohol at treatment facilities on or near campus. eating disorders. To recognize whether you or a friend have an eating night without gaining If weight. disorder, you’ll need to know enough A 2010 survey of college counselors to identify the most common disorders yH1N1 is no longer a problem and other professionals by the Eating – anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa because it was treated as a crisis and Disorders Recovery Center found that and binge-eating disorder. action was taken. Given the impact 5

Amphetamines Increasingly Abused on College Campuses Prescription drug abuse, especially of amphetamines, is very common among college students. Whether looking for some help with schoolwork or looking to party hard, the problem is certainly there For many students, the stressors and pressures that come with college life create the perfect hotbed environment for drug abuse habits to develop. The pressures to succeed academically push many students to enhance their abilities through amphetamine drug use. According to the American College Health Association, 5.7 percent of college students abuse amphetamines compared to 2.5 percent of their noncollege peers. As with any form of addiction, accessibility to amphetamine drugs makes it that much easier to engage in drug abuse. Considering not all college students engage in amphetamine abuse behaviors, certain risk factors do play a part in determining who will use and who won’t.

Reasons for Use Amphetamines are used often among college students, particularly for their ability to help people focus.

Commonly prescribed to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), prescription amphetamines also produce feelings of euphoria when taken in large doses. The need to “blow off steam” from writing papers, doing research and planning projects opens students up to amphetamine abuse behaviors. Not unlike high school, college students also experience peer pressures while at the same time taking on some of the financial pressures adult shoulder. Amphetamine effects allow a means for escaping the daily pressures of college life. Drugs, such as Adderall, Strattera and Ritalin all require a doctor’s prescription. This requirement can give the impression of safety, not factoring in

the addictive potential these drugs carry. Without a clear understanding of how amphetamines work in the brain, college students unknowingly leave themselves open to physical dependency and addiction. With continued use, students come to rely on amphetamines as a way to cope with daily stressors. In the process, brain functions gradually deteriorate leaving students hopelessly incapable of keeping up with daily demands.

Accessibility

Friends, doctors and internet pharmacies all offer possible ways to obtain prescription amphetamines. According to USA Today, the practice of diverting amphetamines to interested drug users starts as early as the middle school years with 23.3 percent of middle and high school students reporting having been solicited for prescribed amphetamine medications. This diversion rate increases accordingly once students enter college life with 29 percent of college students reporting having sold or given their medications to friends and acquaintances. Faking ADHD symptoms has also proven a fairly successful means for obtaining prescriptions from the college

health center.

Risk Factors Known risk factors for amphetamine abuse on college campuses vary based on student motivations, circumstances as well as any possible underlying issues at work. Overall, men are more likely to misuse amphetamines than women, though risk factors for both sexes remain relatively the same. According to the U. S. National Library of Medicine, college students who abuse amphetamines have a higher likelihood of abusing alcohol as well as other illicit drugs. In effect, amphetamine abuse in college is often indicative of a larger substance abuse problem. Students with low gradepoint averages or students performing below their own personal standards may also be at risk of amphetamine abuse. As amphetamine effects include increases in energy levels, concentration and focus, athletes may turn to amphetamines to enhance their athletic abilities.

College students gain access to drugs through several different routes. Nullam arcu leo, facilisis ut

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Drunkorexiaâ&#x20AC;? Drunkorexia is a colloquialism felfimposed starvation or Research on the combination of an eating disorder and binge drinking has primarily focused on the patterns of college-aged women, but the phenomenon has also been noted among young men. Studies show that college students engage in this combination of self-imposed malnutrition and binge drinking to avoid weight gain from alcohol. A study by the University of Missouri found that 30% of female college students admitted that within the last year they had restricted food in order to consume greater quantities of alcohol. The same study found that men are more likely engage in similar behavior in order to save money for purchasing alcohol. According to the study, 67% of students who restrict calories prior to alcoholic beverage consumption do so to prevent weight gain, while 21% did so to facilitate alcohol intoxication. According to the Eating Disorder Center of Denver, of the participating college-aged females in an adjunct research study, about 75% met the criteria for alcohol abuse. 'Showbuzz', a CBS news site, has broadcast that, "Drunkorexia is a media coined term reflecting an alarmingly real trend among young women. The non-medical slang term refers to women who choose to eat less so they can party without gaining weight.â&#x20AC;? Andrew Chambers, MD, Assistant Professor, Institute of Psychiatric

Research

and

life. Clinical eating disorders encompass binge eating, chronic dieting, fasting or purging and the use of laxatives to control weight. Furthermore, first-year college students are predisposed to eating disorders as an attempt to avoid the fabled "Freshman 15," weight gain that results from adjusting to a college lifestyle.

A 2001 CASA report estimated that 30-50% of individuals with bulimia and Director, Laboratory for Translational 12-18% of individuals with anorexia Neuroscience of Dual Diagnosis had previously abused or were Disorders notes that many celebrity currently dependent on alcohol. 35% blog sites report similar patterns of behavior among young actresses such of those with alcohol or drug dependency reported a concurrent as Lindsay Lohan and Paris Hilton, eating disorder. Results demonstrated and that the condition could be a clear correlation between individual mimicked within the entertainment histories of eating disorders and binge industry and contemporary youth drinking and/or alcohol dependence. culture at large. The National Association of Anorexia A 2002 study from O'Malley and Nervosa and Associated Disorders Johnston reviewed data from the reports that 72% of women who admit national College Alcohol Study, the Core Institute, Monitoring the Future, to alcohol abuse also classify as and the National College Health Risk suffering from an eating disorder. Behavior Survey affirming that 70% of participating college students reported consuming alcohol within the prior month and 40% had engaged in binge drinking. First-year college students have been identified as uniquely predisposed to binge drinking. According to disclosure from the National Eating Disorder Association in 2006, approximately 20% of college students, both male and female, admitted to suffering from an eating disorder at some point in their

The combination of self-starvation and alcohol abuse can lead to an array of physical and psychological consequences. For example, drinking in a state of malnutrition can predispose individuals to a higher rate of blackouts, alcohol poisoning, alcohol-related injury, violence, or illness. Drinking on an empty stomach allows ethanol to reach the blood system at a swifter pace and raises one's blood alcohol content with an often dangerous speed. This can render the drinker more 7

Binge Drinking Binge drinking or heavy episodic

drinking is a modern epithet for drinking alcoholic beverages with the primary intention of becoming intoxicated by heavy consumption of alcohol over a short period of time.It is a kind of purposeful drinking style that is popular in several countries worldwide, and overlaps somewhat with social drinking since it is often done in groups. The degree of intoxication, however, varies between and within various cultures that engage in this practice. A binge on alcohol can occur over hours, last up to several days, or in the event of extended abuse, even weeks. Due to the long-term effects of alcohol misuse, 8

binge drinking is considered to be a major public health issue.

consume other psychotropic substances

Binge drinking is associated with a profound social harm, economic costs as well as increased disease burden. Binge drinking is more common in males, during adolescence and young adulthood. Most binge drinkers are not familiar with the risks associated with binge drinking. Heavy regular binge drinking is associated with adverse effects on neurologic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, hematologic, immune, musculoskeletal organ systems as well as increasing the risk of alcohol induced psychiatric disorders. A US-based review of the literature found that up to one-third of adolescents bingedrink, with six percent reaching the threshold of having an alcohol-related Approximately one in 25 women binge-drinks during pregnancy, which can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Binge drinking during adolescence is associated with traffic accidents and other types of accidents, violent behavior as well as suicide. The more often a child or adolescent binge drinks and the younger they are the more likely that they will develop an alcohol use disorder including alcoholism. A large number of adolescents who binge-drink also

Binge drinking has the propensity to result in brain damage faster as well as more severely than chronic 'non stop' drinking (alcoholism), due to the neurotoxic effects of the repeated rebound withdrawal effects. The tolerance that occurs during chronic ('non-stop') drinking delays alcohol-related brain damage compared to binge drinking, which induces immediate and repeated insults to the brain. The neurotoxic insults to the brain are due to very large amounts of glutamate being released on a repeated basis, which overstimulates the brain after each binge finishes, resulting in excitotoxicity. The developing adolescent brain is thought to be particularly susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of binge drinking, with some evidence of brain damage occurring from drinking more than 10 or 11 drinks once or twice per month.

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Miscellany What Is College Health?

nutritionists, and pharmacists. Some college health services extend to include massage therapists and other holistic health professionals. College health professionals are often members of a national body, such as the American College Health College Health is a field of medicine Association. Another national body among college health is the National that exclusively deals with the Collegiate EMS Foundation medical care of college age students (from age 18 through 28 years). Many (NCEMSF), which is dedicated to the promotion and support of emergency colleges and universities campuses medical services on college and offer some sort of student health service, but there is wide variability in university campuses. the healthcare resources available from campus to campus, with models of student health ranging from first aid stations employing a single nurse to large multi-specialty clinics with hundreds of employees. The vast majority of college health services are set up as service units rather than academic departments. The educational aspect of college health is While the health risks that can come sometimes referred to Health with college may Promotion in Higher Education. seem

Long-term Health Effects of a College Degree

In 1988, it was estimated that there were approximately 27.3 college health staff per 10,000 students,[1] which if amortized to the 20.7 million students attending the more than 3,400 colleges and universities in the United States (in 2003) ),[2] suggests that there are approximately 56,500 college health professionals in the United States. College health professionals include physicians, physician assistants, administrators, nurses, nurse practitioners, mental health professionals, health educators, athletic trainers, dietitians and Nullam arcu leo, facilisis ut

intimidating, overall, college tends to be good for a person's body and mind.

Higher levels of education generally correlate to better health, as well economic success and family stability, which can indirectly lead to better health outcomes. People with higher levels of education tend to have improved brain development, less biological aging and better understanding and compliance with healthy behaviors, studies show.

Furthermore, research shows that education is associated with a longer life. According to the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, men who finished college lived 2.5 years longer than college dropouts, while women with a college degree lived 1.1 years longer than their dropout counterparts. The difference was even greater when comparing college graduates to high school dropouts -college graduates live at least five years longer on average than people who did not finish highÂ school.

The study also showed the positive health outcomes extend into the next generation: the mortality rate of children born to college graduates was 4.2 percent, while the mortality rate of those born to women who did not finish college was 6 percent. Thus, while college life canThus, while college life can present some challenges, the research still supports sticking it out at school. Follow us @livescience, FacebookÂ or Google+. Article originally on LiveScience.

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