SEWAGE PURIFYING DIAMOND

KADK

S E P Y D N

PORTFOLIO

E WAG the potential of non-polluted facade in Faroe Islands

MICROALGAE

U R I F I N G I A MO D JingHong Jiang

Royal Danish Academy Institute of Architecture&Technology

AEE 2020/21

The Faroe Islands

D I A M O N D

CONTENTS

chapter 1

INVESTIGATION 03 chapter 2

Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic.

DEVICE&PROTOTYPE 15

Because the arrangement of atoms in diamond is extremely rigid, few types of impurity can contaminate it.

chapter 3

FIELDTRIP WORK 33

Diamonds occur most often as euhedral or rounded octahedra and twinned octahedra known as macles.

As diamond's crystal structure has a cubic arrangement of the atoms, they have many facets that belong to a cube, octahedron

chapter 4

RESULTS 53

Purifying Water with Diamonds:Carbon-based diamond electrodes for industrial wastewater treatment

chapter 5

REFLECTIONS 57 chapter 6

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AEE 20/21 Faroe Islands Jinghong Jiang

Microalgae 02

VEDIO DESIGN 59

AEE 2020/21

First three weeks we gathering information about The Faroe Islands.

The Faroe Islands

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THE LOCATION OF FAORE ISLANDS

The Faroe Islands

I N V E S T I G A T I O N 01

INFORMATION GATHERING PHASE

JINGHONG JIANG

The programme aims to develop a site-specific and technology-focused understanding of architecture, as a response to present and future global challenges, including those defined as UN Global Goals.

The first semester will centre on the understanding of the context/theme/site and its relevant challenges in habitation and the built environment.

The semester’s work is divided into the phases; Information gathering, Prototype, Fieldwork, Formalization and Communication.

The fieldwork revolves around the testing of prototypes that are designed to explore a certain theme and/or survey a chosen site. Emphasis is given to an understanding of the formal and artistic implications of the designs in the given contexts and how the design can instigate a dialogue with its surroundings.

This year,we are going to Faroe Islands...

THE FAROE ISLANDS

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The Information Gathering phase will focus on acquiring facts and data on the year’s region of study (FAROE ISLANDS 2020/21) . This will allow the acquisition data and fact finding skills. Correct referencing, crediting, and copyright legislation, as well as mediation of data through infographics, are some of the key skills which this task will engage with.

The task will be carried out in groups and formalized via comprehensive graphics, understanding the importance of visual and aesthetic communication while conveying rigorous facts and being able to create a system of values to select relevant information.

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AEE 20/21 Faroe Islands Jinghong Jiang

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62° 0' 0" N, 6° 47' 0" W

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The Faroe Islands

INFORGRAPHIC

Geographic and Landforms

The Faroe Islands

AEE 2020/21

INFORGRAPHIC

JINGHONG JIANG

THE FAROE ISLANDS

The Faroe Islands have rich fishery resources.

Faroese fisheries and aquaculture are the basis for the production and export of high quality Faroese fish products, representing 95% of merchandise exports and 20% of total Faroese GDP. Therefore, as an isolated island, how to deal with city wastewater becomes extremely critical.

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JingHong Jiang

法罗群岛的渔业极其发达，拥有世界上最好的水质，但作为岛 国，如何系统处理污水，保持水质的良好 Water resources treatment is an important global proposition, especially for potentially polluting wastewater treatment.

AEE 2020/21

The Faroe Islands' wastewater treatment system is not sufficient

The Faroe Islands

WASTEWATER IN FAROE

AQUACULTURE SEWAGE: Faroese fisheries and aquaculture are the basis for the production and export of high quality Faroese fish products,representing 95% of merchandise exports and 20% of total Faroese GDP.

HOSPITAL SEWAGE: Phosphate was the only contaminant that was found in the recipient at concentrations higher than the reference value which was 1.5 times the background concentration.

The main concerns of the recipient for the Sersjantvikin discharge are nutrients, primarily phosphorous, and micropollutants, both groups of potential pollutants which are not efficiently removed during primary treatment.

DOMESTIC SEWAGE: These analyses did not indicate that wastewater from commerce/industry provided effluents with higher phthalate concentration, on the contrary; the highest phthalate concentration were found in effluents from both new and older residence buildings.

This means that the lack of heavy industry does not preclude these areas containing DINP at 240 g/l and DEHP at 140 g/l were recorde. diisononyl phthalate (DINP),diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

MAIN CHALLENGE(from interview):

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Some households are located in excluded areas where it is expensive and difficult to get the infrastructure to reach out.

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Rain and wastewater separation is not yet established everywhere. When there is a lot of rain the flow through the system is so large, that the water is not adequately treated.

AEE 2020/21

The Faroe Islands

SITE no.

#PE

UA1

n/a

UA2

60

UA3

444

UA4

500

UA5

80

UA6

4236

UA7

616

UA8 UA9

628 292

Torshavn City

12662

UA10

820

Hoyvik

3782

UA11

11600

Argir

1988

Sum

18432

UA12

15

UA17 UA18 UA19 UA21

2638 600 4032 132

UA22 UA24 UA25

416 92 104

UA26 UA27

16 580

sersjantvikin

Landssjúkrahúsið

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JingHong Jiang

Inhibit.2015*

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AREA

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EFFLUENT DISCHARGE SITES IN TORSHAVN AREA

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The Faroe Islands' wastewater treatment system is deeply flawed

Inside Sersjantvíkin STP, Tórshavn

Main Hospital STP, Tórshavn

62° 0' 0" N, 6° 47' 0" W

62° 0' 0" N, 6° 47' 0" W

The Sersjantvikin WWTP is located in Tórshavn,

The Main Hospital has 180 hospital beds, and performs approx.

The WWTP involves a primary treatment step consisting of a septic tank with a volume of 129 m3 which is emptied once a year. The hydraulic residence time (HRT) is approximately 10 hours during dry weather conditions, and can be considerable lower (about 1–2 hours) during precipitation events.

The hospital has its own sewage treatment plant,which was dimensioned for 1,000 PE and built in 1962/63 but renovated in 2004 and 2011. The first part of the LSH WWTP consists of a sand filter and a mechanical prefiltration. Thereafter the wastewater enters an Emscherwell mechanical treatment and sludge separation.

Finally, the wastewater in led to an aeration tank for aerobic degradation before discharge to recipient. The effluent is released 4–5 m below sea surface at a distance approx. 10 m from the shoreline.

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The second effluent stream contributes with domestic wastewater from of approximately 10,000 PE. The main part of this wastewater has been treated in septic tanks at the individual households. The combined effluent are released about 5 meters below sea surface at a distance of about 5 meters from the shoreline.

JingHong Jiang

NATION HOSPITAL IN FAROE ISLANDS

The Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands' wastewater treatment system is deeply flawed

The Faroe Islands

SERSJANTVIKIN TREATMENT PLANT

AEE 2020/21

INPUT

The Faroe Islands

S O L U T I ON

NATION HOSPITAL IN FAROE ISLANDS

3 Options for improved sewage purification

Focus Contaminants

02. Upgrad to a Secondary Treatment Step

The main concerns of the recipient for the Sersjantvikin WWTP discharge are nutrients, primarily phosphorous, and micropollutants, both groups of potential pollutants which are not efficiently removed during primary treatment.

A second option is to introduce a centralized secondary treatment step at junction of the outlets from the households and the Sersjantvikin WWTP. As above mentioned, introducing secondary treatment to the treatment process can be an endpoint in itself, as several studies have shown that biological treatment is effective for removal of paracetamol (acetaminophen), estrogens (natural and synthetic), salicylic acid (metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid), and pathogens.

H o w e v e r, t h e e f f i c i e n c y o f t h e re m o v a l processes are dependent on both wastewater characteristics and WWTP operations, and removal efficiencies of micropollutants have shown to vary between WWTPs. A Swizz study showed that about 50% of micropollutants were removed by secondary treatment plants and other studies have shown similar results (Margot et al., 2013).

CO2

MICROALGAE

SPIRULINA

CHLORELLA

03. Upgrad to a tertiary treatment step

OUTPUT

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Conventional wastewater treatment, with primary and secondary treatment steps, is not designed for the purpose of removing micropollutants from the effluent. Therefore, in order to get the most effective removal of micropollutants, it could be considered to upgrade the treatment with both secondary and tertiary treatment steps. Several different tertiary treatment processes have proven efficient in the removal of micropollutants where the most promising are advanced oxidation processes and activated carbon which are mostly followed by some type of filtration.

In this context of evaluating suitable tertiary treatment options, it may also be relevant to know more about the wastewater characteristics; the fate of micropollutants in a WWTP is not only dependent on the operational conditions in the WWTP (temperature, pH etc.) but also of the composition of the wastewater.

CLEAN WATER

MORE MICROALGAE

O2

SECOND USE

BACK TO SYSTEM

AIR

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The area around the Sersjantvikin outlet in Tórshavn is used for recreational purposes and food production (fish farming) takes place within few kilometers. Maintaining a high quality marine environment is therefore of great concern. The results of the analyses conducted in phase 1 of this project showed that the recipient of the Sersjantvikin WWTP is not adversely affected by the discharge of the investigated contaminants. Phosphate was the only contaminant that was found in the recipient at concentrations higher than the reference value which was 1.5 times the background concentration. However, previous investigations in the same area have shown high concentrations of detergents (LAS, DDAC, and BAC). Furthermore, there is interest in investigating the possible removal other emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals (as painkillers paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid), hormones (both natural and synthetic), and phthalates. In addition to this, there is a focus on pathogen removal.

PHOSPHORUS

LIGHT

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01. Optimizing the Septic Tank Solutions

NITROGEN

AEE 2020/21

Based on investigation,two potential devices ideas were explored

ELECTRICITY GENERATOR using tidal energy to generate electricity

The Faroe Islands

D E V I C E P R OTOT 02 YP E

TWO POTENTIAL DEVICES

At this stage, according to the investigation stage, you need to study your own points of interest for specific issues in the Faroe Islands, and on this basis, conceive a variety of potential prototypes. firstly how to use tidal energy to generate electricity while resisting the extreme weather that may be encountered in the ocean.

The second is how to use a non-pollution biological facade that can be used to purify city wastewater.

SEWAGE PURIFYING FACADE a non-pollution biological facade used for purifying city wastewater

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Sewage Purifying Diamond

AEE 20/21 Faroe Islands Jinghong Jiang

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From these two starting points, many case inspirations are helpful for my sketch

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01.

How To Change 2D To 3D ?

The Faroe Islands

I N S P I R AT I ON

04.

How to increase the light-absorbing surface area ?

04. FLUCTUANT SURFACE clothes pillows

01. ORIGAMI origami,umbrella,book

01.TRIANGLES shape design 03. FUNNEL SHAPE let the facade like a funnel

03.

How To Improve Purification Efficiency ?

02. MAGNETS convinient connection 02. RUBBER

02.

How To Connect Pieces ?

4 Possibilities for improved microalgae prototype

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JingHong Jiang

02. SCREW

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Testing the relationship of the upper and lower diameter of the funnel

The Faroe Islands

P O T E N T I A L

FUNNEL SHAPE DESIGN

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01 upper diameter:80mm lower diameter:10mm ×

02 upper diameter:30mm lower diameter:1mm ×

03 upper diameter:60mm lower diameter:5mm √

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AEE 20/21 Faroe Islands Jinghong Jiang

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FUNNEL TEST: Use roll paper that is easy to change the diameter of the hole to imitate the funnel and test the relationship between the upper and lower diameter

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MAGNETS CONNECTION

The Faroe Islands

Testing the relationship of the upper and lower diameter of the funnel

The Faroe Islands

FUNNEL SHAPE DESIGN

Customized radial magnet

Transparent Plastic 0.5mm thickness

White Plastic Module 0.2mm thickness

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6.5mm

JingHong Jiang

13mm

MAGNETS radial magnet

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15mm

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In the night, it can be combined with artificial light

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JingHong Jiang

MICROALGAE LIGHT

The Faroe Islands

During the day, it just like a city facade

The Faroe Islands

MICROALGAE FACADE

The Faroe Islands

3 MICROALGAE LIGHT

In the night, it can be combined with artificial light

02 LANTERN

03 CHANDELIER

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JingHong Jiang

01 FLOOR LAMP

output

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Prototype size

input

EXPLODED ISOMETRIC VIEW

The Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands

WATER DIRECTION

Material of each layer

12mm screws

400mm 4mm

13.5mm 15mm

1mm aluminum

60mm

10mm

suckers

screws

0.5mm plastic

350mm

water direction

aluminum sticks

10mm

0.2mm plastic

magnets tubing

6.5/13 magnets

7mm Al stick

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JingHong Jiang

Sewage Purifying Diamond

4mm nuts

B U I L D P H A S E

aluminum 1mm thickness

Final device building& testing process

wooden template CNC machine

ruler 50cm length

In the 1;1 model building phase, the equipment of the metal workshop is mainly used to design the facade shape.

white module 3D print

The wooden template is firstly carved by the CNC machine to obtain the wooden template, and then the vacuum form is used to vacuum the plastic to obtain the plastic template.

The white plastic in the middle is made of 3d Obtained by the printer, the aluminum sheets are all cut using laser cut, and the magnets are customized and shipped from China.

aluminum stick 30cm

Finally, use rubber to connect all plastic pieces.

AEE 20/21 Faroe Islands Jinghong Jiang

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aluminum sheets 1mm thickness

plastic facade 0.5mm thickness

AEE 2020/21

The Faroe Islands

PRODUCTING PROCESS

Prototype timeline and techniques used

goooooooo

CLEAR PLASTIC FACADE x12 CNC carving vacum form 8 days 72 hours

METAL STICK x36 laser cut 2 days 10 hours

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WHITE PLASTIC MODULE x60 3D printing 4 days 24 hours

F I E L D TRI P WORK

03

After the prototype building phase, there is an on-site investigation stage.

We will to the field for a month in the first semester of each year to test the practicality of the prototype and get the test results?

And feeling the local atmosphere, humanities and architecture on the spot, laying the foundation for the architectural design of the next semester.

This year our destination is the Faroe Islands, let’s take a ferry and gooooo!!!

AEE 20/21 Faroe Islands Jinghong Jiang

rry

Fe

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E AE

JingHong Jiang

Architecture and Extreme Environment---The Faroe Islands 2020/21

35 Microalgae

C O L L E T I N G

oman Hoydalar 35

3 Locations collect samples

Seaside Hotel 1948

Sersjantvikin WWTP

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Mixture of wastewater and seawater---Havgrím Seaside Hotel 1948

The Faroe Islands

LOCATION 01

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Mixture of city wastewater and rainwater---sersjantvikin WWTP

The Faroe Islands

LOCATION 02

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City wastewater---oman Hoydalar 35

The Faroe Islands

LOCATION 03

DEPLOYMENT&TESTING

What are the potentials of the foldable microalgae facade?

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AEE 2020/21

The Faroe Islands

JingHong Jiang

The Faroe Islands

LOCATION 01 Steinatún(bus station)

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AEE 2020/21

The Faroe Islands

JingHong Jiang

The Faroe Islands

LOCATION 02 House(inside)

AEE 2020/21

Based on investigation,two potential devices ideas were explored

The Faroe Islands

R E S U L T S 04

WASTEWATER SAMPLES

The final stage is to test the data results of the prototype measurement.

HSH mixture of seawater and wastewater

The intention of this device is to explore whether there is a non-pollution biological facade used for purifying city wastewater in the future.

OMAN 01 input

Collecting three wastewater sample from three areas, measuring the original nitrogen and phosphorus data, and then evolving through the microalgae device, classifying each group, using a four-day cycle, measuring every day to observe the changes in nitrogen and phosphorus in the water .

WWTP 01.02.03 input and output

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OMAN 02.03 output

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AEE 20/21 Faroe Islands Jinghong Jiang

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But unfortunately, because of the COVID-19 situation, all the laboratories are locked down, and I have to wait for the measurement data.

DAY1

DAY2

DAY3

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Summarize all the data

PURIFICATION EFFICIENCY

The Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands

ANALYZE DATA

Summarize all the data

DAY4

HSH

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WWTP

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JingHong Jiang

OMAN

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Purification capacity: Each facade peice can treated almost 800 milliliters of city wastewater, and an average of 5 liters of city wastewater per square meter of microalgae facade.

R E F L E C T I O N 05 This prototype attempts to use a non-polluting biological facade to purify city wastewater in the Faroe Islands.

Although the result cannot be measured due to the COVID-19 situation,but it is very meaningful for trying a new biological facade.

Each facade peices can treated almost 800 milliliters of city wastewater, and an average of 5 liters of city wastewater per square meter of microalgae facade.

The details struture of the magnets node are very successful for the microalgae be folded into the microalgae lamp, but the subsequent specific implementation needs to be deepened. how to realize this kind of origami-like node in a more economical way, and what potential is the change of the facade from 2D to 3D

AEE 20/21 Faroe Islands Jinghong Jiang

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The microalgae device cannot be circulated, and a pump should be required to press the circulating water pressure up to improve the treatment efficiency

V E D I O D E S I G N

06

Drawing on the elements of the film, the overall script color, plot, and narrative are designed.

AEE 20/21 Faroe Islands Jinghong Jiang

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Mainly focus on power color matching and story atmosphere.

The Faroe Islands

MOVIE INSPIRATIONS Color, plot, composition, atmosphere

Moutain May Depart

Life of Pi

I Told Sunset About You

I Told Sunset About You

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JingHong Jiang

Your Name Engraved Herein

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EXHIBITION The Faroe Islands

JingHong Jiang

KADK

Sewage Purifying Diamond

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KADK The Faroe Islands

PORTFOLIO

JingHong Jiang

Sewage Purifying Diamond

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PORTFOLIO The Faroe Islands

JingHong Jiang

KADK

The Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands

Just Playing !!!

Microalgae Facade Origami

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67 Microalgae

KADK

PORTFOLIO

the potential of non-polluted facade in Faroe Islands

MICROALGAE

JingHong Jiang Royal Danish Academy Institute of Architecture&Technology