River Wall and Town

LUDLOW SHREWSBURY

CHESTER YORK

The Parish Church, Ludlow

The Broad gate, Ludlow Feathers hotel, Ludlow

The York Minster, York

Model around York Minster, York Boating on the River Ouse, York

Eastgate Clock, Chester

King Charles Tower, Chester Crown Court, Chester

Laura’s Tower, Shrewsbury The Market Hall, Shrewsbury St. Chad’s Church, Shrewsbury

Shrewsbury

Chester was originally settled by the Romans in the first century AD and called Fortress Diva, after the River Dee upon which it stands.

By the Middle Ages, Chester had become a wealthy trading port.

During Victorian times the magnificent gothic-style Town Hall was built and the Eastgate Clock was erected in honour of Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee.

The famous city Walls, originally built by the Romans and today a walk of around two miles, offer a superb elevated view of the city on one side and a view of the distant Welsh mountains on the other.

Sketch of 15th century timber framed house on Goodramgate Street in York. York is a cathedral city of Roman origin, located at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Forth in North Yorkshire, England.

It is the historic city of Yorkshire. The city boasts historic buildings and other structures such as churches, castles and city walls.

Many of the buildings in York remain essentially unchanged from medieval times. One striking example of this is the Shambles, a neighborhood of narrow streets and passages known as snickelways.

The building shown in the sketch is in Goodramgate Street, also of medieval origin and of timber framed construction. It is now a unique style of restaurant bar and shop.

Sketch of Eastgate clock Chester

Ludlow York

INTRODUCTION

Historic image of Broadstreet from 1934

Historic image of Broad gate from 17th century

Historic image of Eastgate Street from 1924

View of Chester by William Smith from 16th century

Historic drawing of York from 15th century

Historic image of York from 1920

Shrewsbury in ‘The Great Frost’ of 1739

Shrewsbury High Street 1931

Ludlow, 1832 York, 1852 Shrewsbury Chester

Shrewsbury Chester

ChesterTown Plan 1880

ChesterTown Plan 1900s

ChesterTown Plan 1930s

ChesterTown Plan 1960s

ShrewsburyTown Plan 1800s

ShrewsburyTown Plan 1900s

ShrewsburyTown plan 1930s

ShrewsburyTown Plan 1980s

Ludlow York

Ludlow Town plan 1880

Ludlow Town plan 1900s

Ludlow Town plan 1930s

Ludlow Town plan 1980s

York Town plan 1850

York Town plan 1910s

York Town plan 1940s

York Town plan 1990s

Chester is a gently sloped town.The Highest point in Chester is Bulkeley Hill, and the lowest point is in Chester is River Dee.

Average elevation is approximately 61m.

Ludlow is located on a small hill with the castle and the church located at the highest point. The streets slope downwards towards the Rivers Corve and Teme ,to the north and south respectively.

Average elevation is approximately 110m.

Topographically the center of the town is at a height, this allows to get a panoramic view of most of the landmarks.

The topography also reduces flood risks in the center.

The area of intervention around rivers Ouse and Foss is exposed to a serious risks of flooding, since it is the lowest area on height, compared to more westward and eastward areas of the city

Map displaying elevation Section through York city core

Ludlow

Shrewsbury York

Historical Maps

● All 4 towns were established near prominent rivers.

● All 4 towns have castles and churches as their first buildings.

● All 4 towns were fortified by walls built around them.

Growth patterns and Town development

● All 4 towns were initially surrounded by open farm lands that were built upon as the town expanded.

● Chester, Shrewsbury and York grew rapidly largely due to industrialisation whilst Ludlow experienced a stagnated growth in the 19th century due to various factors including economic decline due to inaccessibility to the canal network

● York is the largest town in terms of area and population whereas Ludlow is the smallest town

● All the towns are defined by medieval, tudor and georgian architecture Some of the historical buildings in York, Chester and Shrewsbury have been transformed due to rapid growth and modernisation and lately tourism. Ludlow has largely preserved its historic buildings with the same function to date.

● All the towns have maintained the medieval planning patterns, with expansion away from its core.

● Town centres are located within the walls with mixed-use (retail on ground and residential above) with the suburban development towards the outskirts.

● Most residential buildings are restricted in elevation up to 3 stories, which allows the city landmarks to stand out and be visible from far off distances.

Topography

● While York and Chester are relatively flat, Shrewsbury is higher at the centre of the town and Ludlow has a steep slope towards the river.

Plot typologies

● All four towns initially had long and narrow plots which have now been subdivided into smaller plots due to demand.

Chester Ludlow

Ludlow York Shrewsbury

Chester

Land use plan

Building morphology Plan

BUILDING ERA, YORK

Source -Comert and Hoskara ,2021 -Journal titled “Typo-morphological assessment of Ludlow and Famagusta

Shrewsbury

Shrewsbury'sTudor architecture Wyle Cop Street South Side

Chester’s strong grid layout and historic built form means that in general the city has strong building lines and well-defined and well-enclosed streets and spaces. The exception to this is the ring road, particular the purpose built sections which cut across the historic urban grain. This creates some streets and spaces with poorer enclosure at some of the key entry points to the city. In addition, many of the internal side streets within perimeter blocks tend to have weaker building lines, resulting in pockets of incoherent urban form.

The street currently acts as akey vehicular thoroughfare into the town, providing movement for cars, service vehicles and buses. The street is home to a number of shops and restaurants which require drop-off and pick-up facilities. All of which contributes to a busy street scene, dominated by traffic.

The area has a rich palette of architecture with the medieval and Tudor styles prevalent. More recent Victorian architecture is seen within infill plots to the north and south. The meandering street scene creates a number of interesting corners and edges up and down the main street. This provides a key features along the route, including gable ends, building frontages and spaces. The form of the area, however, does mean that legible routes into the town are not instantly recognisable. Wayfinding would help in terms of guiding people towards Pride Hill via Castle Street.

There are dozens of streets in York which are worthy of preservation. The above plaques were installed separately, at different periods and for a variety of reasons. Although they present a mixed picture, in combination they are a valuable illustration of how the development of York streets exemplifies the city’s history. Four of them are named by the authoritative Royal Commission on Historical Monuments as of ‘paramount importance to preserve’: Minster Gates, High and Low Petergate, Shambles and Stonegate.

Shrewsbury

York

Ludlow

The Cross-Bridge Street Eastgate Street Northgate Bridge along canal corridor Lower Bridge Street

Shambles street Station Road Riverside Street Duncomb Road

The primary retail area is concentrated around The Rows and extends along the ‘cross streets’ to the city walls to the north and south. The Rows themselves provide a unique first floor galleried walkway edged by shops and businesses, many of which are independent.

Within and around the City Walls there is a rich mix of other uses including offices and professional services, residential developments including city apartments and more traditional housing, cultural and civic uses and leisure uses.

The most important attraction of the town is the market square This public area is used as thelocal hub for centuries.It is the commercial heart for the town that encourages local entrepreneurs

Other site of Public realm is the riverside recreational areas. Lush green natural landscape lead to a serene environment.

Chester Roman Amphitheatre

Chester Roman Garden

The Groves

Chester Race cousre

The Rows

The walled city is not a place of formal public spaces, such as grand squares. They did not form a part of the medieval townscape. Instead, the characteristic public spaces of the walled city are the intimate, informal squares at the junctions of streets and where markets are held and churches were located. These are a part of the organic street network and architecturally are defined by variety and juxtaposition: there are few unified or formal frontages. There is little green space within the densely-packed walled city. What there is is either a legacy of the medieval church the Minster precinct, the parish churchyards and the grounds of St Mary's Abbeyor the medieval defences - the ramparts and mound of Clifford's Tower

St Peter School Ground Public Realm in front of York Cathedral

Green open Spaces on the backside of St Peter School King Staith public gathering

A busy street scene in The Shambles Public gathering in the River Ouse Bridge

Chester offers many distinguished landmarks, from architectural and heritage features like the city wall, bridges, castle, cathedral, and the Cross. Most of these buildings are visible from the city wall and different locations within the grid.

The city wall offers an elevated view of the city on one side with the canal, Dean’s field with the Cathedral, and a view of the distant Welsh mountains. Moreover, the city walk on the west provides an endless view of the racecourse. The Cross at the junction provides a vista of Watergate Street and Bridge Street. Another location with viewpoints is the Old Dee bridge which provides a magnificent vista approaching the city.

There are a number of landmark buildings in Ludlow which are part of its identity. The castle, the Parish church, half timbered buildings and medieval bridges form the townscape views. The contour of the town allows stunning views of the tow from its heighting point where the castle is placed. One can climb up the tower in the church as well.

1.View from The King Charles Tower 2.View from The Cross across bridge and watergate street. 3.City Wall to Roodee Racecourse 4.Old Dee Bridge and city from Handbridge approach

View of the York Minster View of the Ouse Bridge

View from the Ouse Bridge View of the Shambles of York

View of the riverside Lil’s Bar & Bistro View from the Ouse River

The skyline is dominated by medieval buildings. Shrewsbury and York have better views to the skyline compared to Chester and Ludlow. Shrewsbury’s street planning pattern, along with the topography, enhances visual vistas to landmark buildings.Most of the residential buildings are three-storey with Georgian architecture but the undulating topography creates an interesting pattern.

Their proximity to nearby farms gives the skyline a natural feel.Though the towns have changed over time, they still relate to their rural and farming surroundings.

Chester Ludlow

Shrewsbury York

Present wall location Past wall location

Present wall location

Past wall location

Ludlow York

Present wall location

Past wall location

Present wall location Past wall location

Ludlow

●

Construction period: 11th to 14th century

● First Builder: Walter de Lacy

● Purpose: defend the Welsh border and subdue the local Anglo Saxon population.

● Ludlow's city walls date back to the 13th century, when they were built to protect the town of Ludlow in Shropshire, England from Welsh raids and the threat of civil war.

● They include parts of the existing town, utilizing Ludlow Castle, including eight gates and at least three frescoed towers.

● After the 16th century, they gradually declined.

● Broad gate, at the bottom of Broad Street is the sole surviving medieval gate

Material

● Constructed of local grey calcareous siltstone rubble

● A somewhat brittle grey calcareous siltstone

York

YORK CITY WALLS

Construction period: 71AD (into stone walls in 13th centuryAD)

First Builder: Romans (IX Legion under Quintus Petillius Cerialis

Purpose:

● Military fortress against the Brigantes tribes of Northern England

● Military headquarters for the Vikings during Danelaw

● Defence against outside enemies during the War of Roses, English Civil War, and Jacobite Rebellion

York has, since Roman times, been defended by walls of one form or another. Initially erected with timber, the castle walls were rebuilt into stone during Henry III’s reign in the 13th century. They were fully restored with footpaths during the Victorian era. To this day, substantial portions of the walls remain, and York has more miles of intact wall than any other city in England.

They are generally 4m high and 1.8m wide.

The walls are punctuated by four main gatehouses, or 'bars’. These restricted traffic in medieval times, and were used to extract tolls, as well as being defensive positions in times of war

CITY WALLS

Built mostly during the 14th century, although the inner gateway dates from the 12th century. It is most notable for its barbican, the sole surviving one on a town gate in England. It also retains its portcullis and has reproduction 15th century oak doors.

Βuilt in the early 14th century, this four-storey gatehouse is the tallest and most elaborate of the four. It was intended as a self-contained fort, with each floor capable of being defended separately.Today, Monk Bar houses a museum called the Richard III

Experience at Monk Barand retains its portcullis in working order.

Built in the 14th and 19th centuries, has some of the oldest surviving stonework, dating to the 11th century. It stands almost on the site of porta principalis dextra the north western gate of Eboracum.

It was the traditional ceremonial gate for monarchs entering the city, who, in a tradition dating to Richard in 1389, touch the state sword when entering the gate.

Walmgate Bar Monk Bar Bootham Bar Micklegate Bar

Chester Shrewsbury

•The City Wall is the oldest, longest, and most complete in Britain.

•The only complete circuit wall in England is rectangular in plan, on a continuously elevated walkway overlooking the bank of the River Dee with the Shropshire Union Canal connecting the river in the North.

•The four main gateways are–Northgate, Eastgate, Watergate, and Bridgegate. Also, there are many other steps around the city wall, some including access ramps.

•There are two main towers- Phoenix Tower (formerly known as King Charles Towers in the northeast corner and Water Tower in the northwest corner of the city wall.

•In 70 AD, the original walls were ramparts of earth and turf topped by a timber palisade, with towers and gates, and an outer ditch. In 90 AD, the walls began to be rebuilt in sandstone.

Construction period 1218 - 1242

First Builder King Henry III

Purpose defences from the Welsh

The walls of Shrewsbury shows little remains. It is not as significant as the walls in York and Chester. The Shrewsbury’s Town Walls Road runs alongside the ancient walls, with remaining tower (Wingfield’s Tower) along. The walls separate the town and the large recreational green space, the Quarry.

The walls gradually decayed after the Second Jacobite Rebellion in 1745.

Ludlow

York

● Ludlow's city walls date back to the 13th century, when they were built to protect the town of Ludlow in Shropshire, England from Welsh raids and the threat of civil war.

● They include parts of the existing town, utilizing Ludlow Castle, including eight gates and at least three frescoed towers.

● After the 16th century, they gradually declined.

● Broad gate, at the bottom of Broad Street is the sole surviving medieval gate

At 3.4 kilometres long, the York walls are the longest and most complete and well-preserved town walls in the entirety of England.

They were built mainly in the 13th century on top of older earth banks. There are a few bits of dry moat left around the banks. The slopes are well known for their daffodils in March and April. At other times they are grassy or covered with wildflowers.

The Walls are built almost entirely of magnesian limestone. This is a very variable stone but it often looks warmer, with variable shades of light brown-yellow than other, uniformly white-grey, limestones.

Walking the trail around the Walls is roughly like walking the edge of a kilometre square [but more interesting than this sounds!]. Each side in this square has a grand medieval fortified gateway called a “bar”.

LUDLOW- RIVER TEME and CORVE YORK- RIVER OUSE and FOSS

CHESTER- RIVER DEE SHREWSBURY-RIVER SEVERN

SOURCE

Upper Reaches : From the source of the river at springs on the slopes of "Black Hill" Dduallt above Llanuwchllyn in the mountains of Snowdonia, through Wales, to its emergence from the Vale of Llangollen

Middle Reaches Through England and the Welsh borders to Chester; the "middle aged" river slows down and the valley becomes broader.

The name Teme is similar to many other river names in England, testament to the name's ancient origin.

HOW LONG IS THE RIVER TEME?

The River Teme is 130 miles (81 km) long It is the sixteenth-longest river in the UK

The River Dee - its Upper Reaches (pale blue) from the source (red dot) pass eroding and tempestuous through Wales; the Middle Reaches (dark blue) slow and meander about along the borders, and the Lower Reaches (purple) are estuaraine waters that dip to the sea dumping sediment from upstream.

WHY IS THE RIVER CALLED DEE?

Lower Reaches Back in Wales, below Chester to Hilbre Island and the sea; the river is now in "old-age" and while there is little erosion a lot of material is deposited

HOW MANY TRIBUTARIES DOES DOES RIVER DEE HAS?

River Teme’s tributaries include the River Clun, River Onny, River Corve, River Rea, Leigh Brook, and Kyre Brook.

Deva was the name given to their fortress by the Romans, which translates as divine or Goddess, and was taken from the British (Celtic) name for the then-mighty river beside which the fortress was built.

HOW LONG IS THE RIVER DEE?

The River Dee, which is about 70 miles long, rises in the hills above Llanuwchllyn in the 'Dolgellau gold belt' of Merioneth (Gwynedd) and, before it passes through Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake) it is known as Afon Dyindwy or 'The Little Dee'.

HOW MANY TRIBUTARIES DOES DOES RIVER DEE HAS?

The River Dee has three tributaries, the River Killary, the Gara River and the White River, all of which are known to have stocks of Brown Trout, Sea Trout and Atlantic Salmon. The River Dee in Wales Afon Dyfrdwy - is a sixty eight mile long river which starts life at Llanuwchllyn in Snowdonia.

Shrewsbury York

WHY THIS RIVER CALLED SEVERN?

The River Severn gets its name from the Latin word Sabrina, named by the Romans which means boundary.

HOW LONG IS THE RIVER SEVERN?

The River Severn length is 220 miles long (354 kilometres), the River Severn is the longest river in the UK.

The Ouse and the Foss, the two rivers of York, have very different characters. The Ouse is the principal river. It is much the wider, used by pleasure craft, crossed by major bridges and lined with parks, public walks, quaysides and significant buildings such as the Guildhall. By contrast the Foss is much narrower, no longer navigable.

HOW LONG ARE THE RIVER OUSE AND FOSS?

The River Ouse is 52 miles (84 miles) long

The River Foss is 19.5 miles (31 miles) long

The Ouse valley is a wide, flat plain; heavy rainfall higher in the river's drainage basin can bring severe flooding to settlements. In recent years York, Selby and villages in between have been flooded.

HOW MANY TRIBUTARIES DOES THE RIVER SEVERN HAVE?

There are 21 tributaries that flow into the River Severn.

The River Foss is a tributary of the River Ouse.The River Foss was dammed, and even though the elevation to the River Ouse is small, a waterfall was formed. This may have led to the name Fos which became Foss.

HOW MANY TRIBUTARIES DOES DOES RIVER OUSE HAS?

The Ouse's system of tributaries includes the Derwent, Aire, Don, Wharfe, Rother, Nidd, Swale, Ure and Foss. Together they drain a large part of the Pennines, and much of the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors..

WHERE ARE THE SOURCES OF THE RIVERS OUSE AND FOSS?

The start of the Ouse is now considered to be the point where Ouse Gill Beck joins the River Ure, 1.6 miles (2.5 km) south-east of Great Ouseburn.

The source of the Foss is a spring in the Howardian Hills adjacent to, and flowing into, Oulston Reservoir near Newburgh Priory, four miles (6.5 km) north of Easingwold.

THE DEE BRIDGE

Built byr Romans, the bridge is made of red sandstone.

It consists of seven arches varying between 23ft and 60ft in span.

GROSVENOR BRIDGE

The Grosvenor Bridge is a single-span stone arch road bridge crossing the River Dee and constructed by James Trubshaw of Staffordshire.

DINHAM BRIDGE

A beautiful Stone bridge crossing the Teme in Whitcliffe Park, in the shadow of Ludlow Castle.

It was built in 1823 by Thomas Telford

LUDFORD BRIDGE

Ludford Bridge which is a three-arch Grade

I-listed masonry bridge crossing the River Teme and connects the village of Ludford with Ludlow. Built in the 15th century.

LENDAL BRIDGE

Lendal Bridge is an iron bridge with details in the Gothic style popular in Victorian England. The ornate parapet of the bridge features the white rose of York, the crossed keys of the Diocese of York and the lions of England.

OUSE BRIDGE

The oldest known site, dating to the 9th century, of a bridge spanning the Ouse is that of the current Ouse Bridge (built 1821). It was the first modern road bridge to cross the River Ouse in York.

SKELDERGATE BRIDGE

Skeldergate Bridge was the third of the modern road bridges to cross the River Ouse at York. Skeldergate Bridge, like Lendal, is an iron bridge with Gothic details. The parapet is decorated with ornate ironwork featuring trefoils, six-pointed stars and the white rose of York.

The usual range of the River Teme at Ludlow Teme is between 0.86m and 3.00m. It has been between these levels for 90% of the time since monitoring began.

The typical recent level of the River Teme at Ludlow Teme over the past 12 months has been between 0.87m and 3.35m. It has been between these levels for at least 150 days in the past year.

The highest level ever recorded at the River Teme at Ludlow Teme is 5.22m, reached on Saturday 21st July 2007 at 8:15am.

This map shows the areas of the city which have been hit by flooding and to what depth.

The River Dee catchment is obviously the area most affected but it also shows its tributaries as well as the River Gowy.

Section through York city core

Ludlow

Shrewsbury

DESIGN INTERVENTIONS

Ludlow Chester York Shrewsbury

CHESTER

Chester is a city with a prosperous centre and a series of prestigious neighbourhoods.Culture is not about buildings, but about the life and happenings between them and the opportunities such places and spaces createforactivityandsocialinteraction.

The proposed development will be focused on reconnecting the city with the canal and provide another access to the city.Other development include accessibility and connectivity with the river side on the south and the tower on the north.Redevelopment of the car park infront of the castle to landscape would also help in maintaining the history of the castle and attract tourist.

The Castle square The Parking lot INNER CIRCLE

The Rows

Chester Canal City Walls

King Charles Tower Castle Water Edge

River Dee Riverfront

MAIN SPINE WATER EDGE

Intervention

The connection between the inner city and the city walls is better than the connection between the remaining parts of the city and the walls. Outer circle is overlooked.

Spaces along the canal need to be more friendly and allow the pedestrian usages around the city walls. The purpose is reconnecting Chester and its citizen with their historical places and water features.

Strategy

The exclusively linear experience is planned to be avoided The waterfront is expanded, including creating some connecting points on the canal itself as well to increase the overall experience.

Intervention Plan Intervention Section

CHESTER 1 - Ece Ozetlerer

Reconnecting the City - Chester Shrophire Union Canal

Intervention

The walls are a key feature that attracts lots of visitors to the city. However, there is still an accessibility issue especially for people with special needs. For that reason chose to do my intervention on the wall to tackle that issue. The exact location that chose is at the north east part of the wall on the canal next to the north gate, adjacent to Chester court where the old roman fortress used to be, facing the George street Pocket Park. My goal was to create an access point linking the canal, the two parks and the wall taking in consideration people with health conditions or impairments; in order to reanimate this previously dismissed area.

My intervention consist of three blocks. The first is an access point from the canal to the top of the wall with access to the cathedral’s courtyard. The second block is a birds nest giving a vantage point for visitors to the cathedral. The third block consists of a circulation granting access to the pocket park across the canal with a café cantilevered between the trees with 360 views of the park the canal and the cathedral. The restaurant and the birds nest are connected by a bridge. The cantilevered structure also provides shade and cover for a public seating area overlooking the canal.

INTERVENTION 02 by Omar El Rifaii

Precedent

Problems

● Lack of accessibility from upper level to the upper stage of the tower

● Lack of accessibility from the tower and city wall to the Dean’s Field

● Lack of mobility inside the tower

● Lack of linkage with the city wall, tower and the field

● Lack of information about the tower or city wall in the tower

● Vertical accessibility and linkage with stairs and lift

● Horizontal connection from the tower to Dean’s field from the lower level of the

● Easy access to all the floors of the tower

● Access to the roof for better views of the city walls, its landmarks and the town

● Exhibition space for the tourist and people of Chester

CHESTER 3 - Anika Tabassum

Formal Landscaping

Concept

Chester Castle

Site images

Main aim was to create Roman Formal Garden since the area contains significant historical landmarks and because the Chester Castle's significance and beauty are being diminished by the usage of the central courtyard as a parking lot.

Flower bed & Plants

Hedges & Waterbody

Stone Pavement

CHESTER 4 - Mohammed Waqar

Converting Carpark into Formal Garden

The different assets of the city centre need to be connected – different spaces and squares must be linked by quality public realm enhancements. The Castle Drive is a prominent connection to the city.Providing a high quality and accessible pedestrian and cycle environment is critical to supporting the ‘experience’ of Chester as people navigate their way into and around the city and connecting the city to its considerable green and natural environments of the River Dee.

Current Situation

Typical Section

Proposal

•Improve the pedestrian experience at the street level and provide connection with the river.

Including amenities such as:

-Bicycle track

-Pedestrian circulation

-Landscaping ,viewing points

The existing trees are retained along the castle drive.

CHESTER 5 - Nouman Ahmed Shaikh

Strategy

1. Landscape walk along the river

2. Green Space - Add greenery to the ramps next to sidewalks

3. Pedestrian safety - Along the river and along the railings

4. Transportation system - Plan bike lanes to separate from pedestrian traffic

LUDLOW 6 - LINGTENG MENG REGENERATION OF PEDESTRIAN SYSTEM

LUDLOW

In order to respect the existing heritage of this quaint medieval town, our design approach is to infilter with subtle interventions.The idea is to convert this walkable city with nodes that connect together to form an interesting pedestrian trail. The main intervention of pedestrianizing the key avenues further lead to bringing in more people to appreciate its beautiful landmarks. This further leads to the castle square which is the main market hub. WIth intention of respecting the local utilisation, design value is added to enhance it by providing a distinct character. Further provisions are made to convert existing car park into farmland that will involve the local inhabitants. Other activities such as a castle trail, riverside tree walk, shaded seating pavillion are provided to bring in more people and put Ludlow on the tourist map.

The Castle square

The Parking lot

INNER CIRCLE

Upper Broad street

Upper Mill street

Marketstreet Castle trail Tree walk

Riverside shelter

MAIN SPINE GREEN ZONE

LUDLOW 1 - MARTIN CHINYOWA PEDESTRIANISATION OF KEY STREETS

Problems

The wide sloping medieval streets ,Broad streets and Mill streets link the town centre to the natural river Teme.The streets are however largely vehicular with narrow walkways. The narrow walkways restrict views and access to the historical buildings, cafes, shops thereby creating an unpleasant experience .

Opportunities

Ludlow has a high concentration of listed historical buildings dating back to the 11th century .My experience of the town is that there is a sense of belonging and identity by the local community.

Intervention

Pedestrianise

The strategy is to pedestrianise key streets, Broad street ,Mill Street and Market street in order to maximise views to historical buildings, access to the shops and cafes.

The pedestrianisation of the key streets will enhance an urban life experience that integrates the medieval historical experience with the modern.

Observation:

Intervention:

● Character-Medieval

● Use- Multipurpose

● Function- Flexible

● Aesthetic- Bare minimal

● Economy generator

● Festive celebrations and fairs Revival of Castle square

● Redirection of vehicular movement

● Expansion of the plaza

● Medieval Flooring design

● Central floor motif symbolising Ludlow

● Display model of the demolished town hall

● Organised market space

● Addition of benches

● Movable flower pots

LUDLOW 2 - HEENA JAMEEL AHMED SHAIKH

Present site Strategy

Intervention

Problem

- Carpark at the middle of the city causes congestion.

- The car park causes air pollution

- Car park doesn't not compliment the castle scenery

- Car

Site potential

- Locate close to the market

- Close to social amenities e.g. St. Lawrence church

- Adequate land size for allotment (3,428 sq. Meters).

- Well developed road infrastructure.

LUDLOW

ALSHEHRI

Rear side entry

Adjacent to the castle wall

1 2

Problems

Currently this path is not user friendly as during rains the path gets filled with leaves blocking the way.

The area is quite steep and slippery.

Opportunities

●Prominent back entry

●Feasible pedestrian movement down the steep slope with ramps and steps at regular intervals while maintaining the existing vegetation

●Developing the steep patch such that it can elevate the back side of the castle and make the river more accessible

STRATEGY

STEEP SLOPE TOWARDS THE LINNEY STREET

LUDLOW 4 -SOUBHAN AHMED SHAIKH

REVIVING THE WESTERN CASTLE TRAIL

LUDLOW 6 - EHSAN FARAHI

SHREWSBURY

Train Station Entrance Open Square

As discussed previously the street provides narrow pavements to the north which creates a confined public space, however there is some relief at key junctions (inc. Meadow Place). The station arrival is constrained and dominated by a car park. No direct physical or visual link is provided to the Castle and legible routes towards the town centre are poor. The sense of arrival, therefore, is in great need of improvement.

Old Cinema building – New Community Center

The pedestrian experience when arriving to Shrewbury is not very pleasant as you are welcomed with a car park and few signs of direction. The space and entrance of the city from the train station lacks organisation.

SHREWSBURY 1 - SHADI LEBBOS TRAIN STATION SQUARE

Plan

Train Station Entrance with Car Park obstruction

Current Situation

Proposed Intervention

Castle Street is the main spine around which the town is developed.The current situation of the street shows that the street is dominated by vehicular traffic

The pedestrian street aims at creating safe walkable environments for people..

Section 1

The entire street acts as one big public space where people and meet. The street has a separate lane for cycle and buses allowing them to make use of the public transport instead of their individual vehicles.

The enhanced landscaping would create more comfortable microclimates and improve the quality of air.

SHREWSBURY 2 - DEVYANI CHUDASAMA

Precedents

Concept Intervention

New Market Hall, Shrewsbury

Strategy

● The new intervention aims to revive the existing brutalist building into a lively place for tourists and the local community.

● The concrete facade will be painted in brighter colours and the rooftop of the building will be divided into two main areas: a private area for the residents and public area for visitors. The private area will have a terrace and the public area will contain a cafe and viewing platform.

● Anew lift will be added inside of the clock tower so that the tourists can get to the top and admire the panoramic view.

Le Corbusier-La Cite Radieuse

SHREWSBURY 3 - MARIANA-ALEXANDRA COSTACHE

SHREWSBURY 3 - MARYAM SAFARPOOR THE SHREWSBURY PROMENADE

Proposed Intervention

This intervention seeks to challenge the land planning constraints on the waterfront space of Shrewsbury due to flooding. The core objective is to provide a second riparian line for the town in times of flooding and to provide riverfront activities in the town in times of flooding accordingly

Flood Protection Corridor Form Finding

The shape of the entire flood protection corridor will be determined by the topography and the height of the 50-year flood.

Methods

Case 1

Intervention Location

Normal Flooding

flood protection corridor

SHREWSBURY 5 - Liu Wang

THE SHREWSBURY FLOOD PROTECTION CORRIDOR

flood protection corridor

Case 2

Before After

After

YORK

With strong character of historical scenery and background, the new riverside development offers an oasis of four main elements, linkages, greenery, view, and station or gathering space. The four main elements will be integrated each other andcreateanewthemeoftheOuseriver.

The propose development also will be new attraction of the riverside where it provide the new infrastructure, facilities, unique pedestrian corridor, bicycle route and green pocket space, lookup point which will provide the stunning view of Yorkcity.

T With these new development, tourist and local people will experience the new Ouse River journey and enjoy the scenery.

Intervention

The Confluence

Skeldergate

Cruise Station

Gardens

Facade Treatmet

Floating Garden

Clifford’s Garden

INNER CIRCLE MAIN SPINE WATER EDGE

The confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss is one of the most important points in the city of York, perhaps the very reason for its existence. However, the present state of the site belies its importance. At this point is a triangular piece of land which I have identifiedformyredevelopment.

The focal point of the project is the multi-storey observation deck which provides a 360 degree view of the cityscape. The tower and the new bridge become new landmarks on the riverfront and enhances the vista when approaching the city from the south. The landscape around the tower has been redesigned with promenade along both rivers, cycle track, ,seating, green areas and a plaza at the end of the peninsula.

Lighting

THe design language is derived from a set of fluid lines that run parallel to the rivers. The pathways which cross each other on differentlevels,addinterestingviewswhenoneexploresthespace

ConcreteCore CLTFloorStructure

DiamondPanels FacadeStructure

The Skeldergate Gardens are part of the regeneration of river Ouse banks in the city of York. The northern part has been repurposed into a more pedestrianised area with an improved South Esplanade and a detached amphitheatre space and a riverfront promenade. The southern part has been transformed from a parking lot into a park with green “islands” and curved pathways and a canopy with ground fountains at the centre of the park surrounded by green space and trees. Both the south and north parks are connected via a tunnel under the bridge.

YORK 2 - ALBI ISTREFI

The Clifford’s Garden is a part of the regeneration of castle car park into a new public space in the city of York. The car park has been repurposed into a more open and public space area with a provision of children’s area and some common space for the tourists along with a view of The Clifford’s tower . The strategy of this design is to create a positive pubic area by revamping the parking space and making people aware to use more public transport. The area has been transformed from a parking lot into a park with green “islands” and curved pathways and a canopy with ground fountains at the centre of the park surrounded by green space and trees.

YORK 3 - ANKITA.DILIP.GAIKWAD

CLIFFORD’S GARDEN

Promenade and Cruise Station

The redevelopment of the promenade will be focusing on two main area, which is the cruise terminal and the pedestrian pathway. The main issues at this area are unequal human activities and the inaccurate placement of the urban program along the promenade.

The main idea is to centralize the main activities area in urbanism context beside upgrading the promenade with providing new facilities such as new cruise terminal complete with sheltered waiting sitting area, proper departure and arrival platform, outdoor café and urban street furniture

The tourist or local can enjoy the different theme, different activities and different experience at the new promenade especially on the pedestrian linkages which connected to the ‘New Tower Garden’ redevelopment and ‘New Look-Up point tower at “The Confluence’ of the river.

Design Strategies

Pedestrianized the street

Centralize the cafe and jetty for arrival and departure area

Add urban furniture and greens

The studies of view, circulation ventilation, of Main Cruise Terminal building

Harmonizing the Facades

Idea: The existing problems we have along the riverfront served as the inspiration for the entire design. Together, the problems were recorded, and the alternatives were propose.

Design Strategies

The buildings and the walls disrupting the view along the riverside have been with different implementation.

Issues: -Lack of harmony on the facades of the river side buildings. -Damages and dirt on the surface of the riverfront walls

Solutions: -Add writings on the walls -Addressing green walls -Repair the damaged walls

Design OutComes Design Concept

View of the Riverside walls

The Walls and the Facades will contain a huge number of ferns and herbaceous plants, the wall near Victoria station will collect rainwater which falls onto the roof of the building and use it nourish the greenery.

The result will be an eye-catching garden which brightens up the popular tourist route, near ouse bridge, and stop it from flooding.

View from the western Pedestrian access of the River Ouse

INTERVENTION 04- York by Aasif Nur Shadman

The banks of the river Ouse have a certain elevation difference from the river surface in order to provide enough space to store water during floods and to reduce the impact of flooding on the buildings and residential areas on the banks.

Floating garden plan

Purpose Increase green areas

Purify water quality

Enriching biodiversity

Increase the attractiveness of the riverside

Transformationoftheformerhardriver bankintoanecologicalbankcoveredwith greenery,whichprovidesabeautifying effectatlowriverlevels.Whenflooding occurs,theriverwillfilterwatertospeed updrainagewhentheriverlevelrises.

Awaterfrontwalkwayonbothsidesoftheriverhasbeenaddedtocreatedifferentviewstoattracttouristsbytakingadvantageoftheheightdifference.Itwill providebotharestingandviewingfunction,addingtothevitalityofYorkcitycentre.Theadditionofflowerbedsalongtheriverbank,showstheRiverOuseinits formergloryasacanal. Astheriverlevelchanges,theflowerbedscanalsobefloated.

Normal Scenario

Flooding Scenario

As a result of the newly constructed works used by the York government to deal with the flooding problem. So as things stand, the river banks are at low water for most of the time. Most of the time the riverbanks present an old hard paving and a clutter of planting on the banks. This state of things lacks energy and attraction for York's city centre, which is known for its historical tourism.

Chester Shrewsbury York

This study of Chester, Ludlow, Shrewsbury and York has shown that the development of this selection of English towns has been affected primarily by the constraints of their topography. This situation in turn has been created by the course of local rivers, producing flat or hilly terrain which appealed in different eras, particularly at the times of the Roman and Norman invasions, to those occupiers who wanted to create defensive settlements. The survival of their walls, in whole or in part, has retarded aspects of their development but created the conditions in which the conservation of their largely complete fabrics has given them a new role in the economy of tourism. The local continues to be of universal value.