GLOSSARY OF RELEVANT TERMS • Andrew Jackson - Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States. He is known for founding the Democratic Party and for his support of individual liberty. • Cantonese - variety of Chinese spoken by more than 55 million people in Guangdong and southern Guangxi provinces of China, including the important cities of Canton, Hong Kong, and Macau. • Chinese acrobatics - Acrobatics is an ancient art in China with its beginnings going back 4,000 years to the Xia Dynasty. The performances used such items and tridents, wicker rings, tables, chairs, jars, plates, and bowls. • Chinese Exclusion Act - the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. • Chinese Massacre at Deep Creek - Snake River Massacre, as many as thirty-four Chinese gold miners were ambushed and murdered by a gang of horse thieves and schoolboys from Wallowa County. • Chinese Massacre of 1871 - Los Angeles Chinatown Mob, a race riot that occurred on October 24, 1871, in Los Angeles, California, when a mob of around 500 white and mestizo persons entered Chinatown and attacked, robbed, and murdered Chinese residents. • Chopsticks - one of a pair of slender sticks held between thumb and fingers and used chiefly in Asian countries to lift food to the mouth. • Civil War - also called War Between the States, four-year war (1861–65) between the United States and 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. • Erhu - bowed, two-stringed Chinese vertical fiddle, the most popular of this class of instruments. • Foot binding - a practice first carried out on young girls in Tang Dynasty China to restrict their normal growth and make their feet as small as possible. Considered an attractive quality, the effects of the process were painful and permanent. • Gettysburg Address - a speech that U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered during the American Civil War at the dedication of the Soldiers’ National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is one of the best-known speeches in American history. • GuangZhou Providence - also known as the Canton Providence, is the capital and most populous city of the province of Guangdong in southern China. On the Pearl River about 120 km (75 mi) northnorthwest of Hong Kong and 145 km (90 mi) north of Macau, Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road, and continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub, as well as one of China’s three largest cities. • Liberty Bell - large bell, a traditional symbol of U.S. freedom, commissioned in 1751 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly to hang in the new State House. • Manifest Destiny - a phrase coined in 1845, is the idea that the United States is destined—by God, its advocates believed—to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent. • New York Harbor - a body of water that surrounds Manhattan, Brooklyn, Staten Island and some parts of New Jersey. For centuries, this harbor has played a crucial role in the regional economy and transportation network. • Nitroglycerine - a dense, colorless, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating
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