Portfolio LEONOVA LIDIIA
2019
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Contents: Urban Fortress of North Lawndale Master Thesis 2018
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Karachi: Urban Interiority Studio 2017
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Forest with Gentle Giants
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Internship 2018
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30 Interior of apartments, 2015-2017
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fig 1
fig 2
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Urban Fortress of North Lawndale regeneration model
location: North Lawndale, Chicago, IL, USA type of work: master thesis, urban model mentor: Marine De Maeseeer KU Leuven Brussels 2018
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Introduction North Lawndale, one of the deadliest low-income community regions of
fig 3 Fortressn
Chicago currently counting a population of 35,276 inhabitants, highest rates of unemployment and shotgun fires. While researching this area , the major issue noticed was the street violence, especially among teenagers. In order to get into a school building, pupils have to be checked with the metal detector. According to statistical data, the majority of kids are raised by a single-mother, or a single-grandmother, the men of the older generation are either imprisoned, either have been killed
in the gang wars in the 1990’s.
North Lawndale
Consequently, this issue has been growing for generations. Therefore, young males have to learn to take responsibilities at a very early age. In the environment of violence and lack of opportunities, teenagers, unfortunately don’t find a better way to survive besides criminal activities. According to the interview of the middle age males of the neighborhood it was concluded that teenagers are killing each other sometimes merely because of unfavorable social networks activities or territorial conflicts (one block vs another block). In general, the aim of this master dissertation project is to create safe, sustainable and self-managed community in North Lawndale, Chicago. The bullet point is to provide maximum safety from gun shootings;
institution+few blocks
In my opinion, only after that locals can collect some “social capital” (Jane Jacobs) for solving other issues (unemployment, food desert, inability to engage commercial activities, etc). There are 3 main ways of providing safety: - safequarding (walls, hedges, gated entrance, permeability of transport system); - social control (watch, be watched); - police;
block
After having conducted detailed case studies(fortresses, historical blocks of Samara), I formulated the main strategy(fig3). To begin with, the neighborhood itself is limited by highways and the industrial zone on its borders, further you see a fortress around educational institutions because the majority of shootings occur around schools. Furthermore, there are block being fortificated, next there’s an imprisoned block and even compounds and parcels сan be fenced. housing compound
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According to collected data crimes and gun shootings happen to be around schools and on the way from home to school. The majority of the interviewed young males from the neighborhood claim that they need guns in order to protect them and their families, as the feeling of complete insecurity is very high. This continuous cycle of ‘’assault- protection relationship’’ among people is not easy to stop as it has been solidly rooted through times.
fig 4 North Lawndale, Urban Fortress
educational institutions, community and family centers fortress
safer
less safe
To find out how to provide safety naturally, I started comparing the blocks of Samara and North Lawndale. Historical blocks of Samara are considered as a very peaceful and cozy places, despite the fact that most of the buildings are in a rather bad condition. see next pages
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Case studies Samara, Russian Federation
North Lawndale, Chicago, USA
fig 5 Samara, satellite map
fig 6 North Lawndale, satellite map
fig 7 Samara in the begininng of the 20th century
fig 8 North Lawndale in the begininng of the 20th c.
fig 10 Samara block
fig 11 North Lawndale block
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Samara, Russian Federation
North Lawndale, Chicago, USA
During the spatial analysis of neighborhood I noticed that the typical American grid with individual houses creates easily accessible and visible space in front of houses where locals tend to hang out. Quite any North Lawndale inhabitant can merely be shot down by a car passing by the neighborhood. Moreover, all parks and open public spaces are exhibited; therefore, it is so easy to get shot for residents and their children.
fig 12 Samara block
fig 13 North lawndale block
The naturally-provided safeness works very effectively due to the social capital accumulated in a community. For my project it signifies the necessity and importance of ensuring the conditions for accumulating these resources, and therefore the regeneration of community with the minimum impact from outside will be possible.
private
private
semi-public
semi-private private
0.95.100.100
entrance
semi-public
semi-public
public/street
public
fig 14 Samara block’s configuration
fig 15 North Lawndale block’s configuration
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Toolkit Fortification The basic need for all humans is safety. Without having this requirement satisfied people are really struggling to function to the full extent. In ancient times our ancestors had to learn to build a fortress and frame walls around the place of their inhabitation in order to protect themselves from wild animals or the barbarian incursions. I went into details of development of my city- from
fortress to settlement. After that I enunciated an initial tool - it is safeguarding or fortification. This is an artificial way of providing safety. At the same time the NL is really huge area to control and reorganize simultaneously. As long as the goal is to collect social capital, the hood must be divided into smaller areas-fortresses.
Garage as a catalyst of regeneration In order to reorganize block structure, all garages are replaced and improved. It triggers the next step-recombining parcels. This diagram shows how implementation of garages triggering on recombining of parcelling division by activating space around.
typical garages
activation of surrounding area
garages + workshop (possibility for cooperation)
fig 16
Recombining parceling division The next step is creating defensible space by recombining the parcels and organizing semiprivate and semi-public spaces. It is restructuring of internal organization of outdoor yards and parcels in order to obtain naturally provided safety (watch,be watched, etc), collective spaces and new activities.
private
semi-private
semi-private road
semi-public
semi-public road
public
fig 17
Permeability of transport system During the urban analysis, I focused on permeability of transport system. This is the important aspect to create the sustainable neighborhood, make it less accessible for strangers/aliens, to create a “village�-kind like neighborhood. Nowadays most of the modern cities are the collection of villages for locals and city center for strangers and
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it is reasonable, as local You would like to see at your area more familiar and less unknown and random encounters faces. Hence, I decided to propose to change the accessibility of some roads to exclude or reduce the transit flows(less aliens). Some roads belong to fortresses and it means that they are not available for everybody.
Fortification is a process of building guardrail around a territory with the aim of protection and providing security. In case of NL, these walls protect residents from bullets and create internal collective space for residents. This space is not easily accessible anymore.
removed garages
fortress walls
fortress walls
school, kinder garten, community centre
fig 18
school, kinder garten, community centre
Removing fortress walls
old
individual
garages,
replacement by collective ones with additional purposes: place for hanging out, gathering, workshops, etc
fig 19
removed garages
fortress walls
“Defensible space is a residential environment whose physical characteristics—building layout and removed garages site plan—function to allow inhabitants themselves to become key agents in ensuring their security.”
school, kinder garten, community centre
fortress walls
new yards
commercial
garage-workshop fortress walls
greenhouse
bus stop
educational
residential + office
workshop grounds
fortress walls school, kinder garten, community centre
fortress walls
new yards
new circulation
workshop grounds commercial
fig 20
garage 2.0 fortress walls
new yards
garage-workshop
greenhouse
bus stop
educational
residential + office
workshop grounds
common roads roads with limited access fortress walls garage 2.0
removed garages fortress walls
fortress walls school, kinder garten, community centre
new yards workshop grounds fortress walls fortress walls garage-workshop
common roads new grounds
fig 21
roads with limited access
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Phasing 01. Fortification
fortress walls
new yards
commercial
garage-workshop
greenhouse
bus stop
educational
residential + office
workshop grounds
fortress walls
new yards
garage 2.0
workshop grounds
fig 22
The major problem is that most of crimes take place on the way from school to home or around schools The only one way to deal with such a disturbing situation removed garages in NL is to build walls. The fortification should be started around an educational institution or a community center and fortress walls connected few blocks around. Fortress school, kinder garten, walls have different configurations. They community centre can be inhabited and programmed, or just walls, or even fence. fortress walls
common roads fortress walls
new yards
commercial
garage-workshop
greenhouse
bus stop
educational
residential + office
workshop grounds
removed garages
roads with limited access
02. Replacement and benefication fortress walls garage-workshop new grounds
fig 23
Inside this “fortress” lies the beginningfortress of walls school, the process of reorganization based on a kinder garten community centre fortress walls “action-reaction”. Furthermore, I new principle yards implemented new typology which can garage 2.0 workshop grounds instigate a few processes. Next phases are fortress walls recombining parcels by implementation of garages 2.0. For reparceling I removed common roads all individual garages and proposed new typology “garage 2.0”. It’s common roads with limited access garage for 2-5 cars with workshop program. I showed how the implementation of this typology activated the space around fortress walls and how empty space reacted on it. garage-workshop new grounds
03. Reorganizing The next phase of rearrangement is recombining the parcels. Based on Samara blocks’ research, I employed the series of spatial tools to create compound of fortress walls commercial yards collective several houses new with space, different grounds and potential bus stopplace garage-workshop greenhouse for new programs inside the imprisoned workshop grounds residential + office educational block. It helps to provide social control by the locals.(watch, be watched).
fig 24 12
fortress walls
new yards
garage 2.0
workshop grounds
04. Filling New parcels, yards, open green spaces and potential grounds for different activities would appear gradually. New compounds can be fenced, walled or limited by new elements.
fig 25
05. Densification
fortress walls
new yards
commercial
garage-workshop
greenhouse
bus stop
educational
residential + office
workshop grounds
fortress walls
new yards
garage 2.0
workshop grounds
Eventually, in new fortresses the number of commoncan roads be increased, the hood housing units can be densified, if needed. Subsequently, roads with limited access new programs and economics, facilities, small local businesses appeared gradually based on “action-reaction� principle. fortress walls garage-workshop new grounds
fig 26
fortress walls
new yards
commercial
garage-workshop
greenhouse
bus stop
educational
residential + office
workshop grounds
fortress walls
06. New economy, self-managed community
garage 2.0
new yards workshop grounds
To sum up, the main point is to initially provide safety, and further in a secure common roads environment add some elements that roads with limited access can LAUNCH the area to steadily and gradually transform in an organic way. Consequently, during the regeneration of fortress walls neighborhood problems which caused so dramaticgarage-workshop situation will be steadily solved and ideally some walls could even be new grounds removed in the future.
fig 27
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Collages
fig 28-29 Proposal, Axonometry
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fig 30
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Karachi: Urban Interiority Densification in Nawa Abad, Karachi
location: Layari, Karachi, Pakistan type of work: studio mentor: Asiya Sadiq, Marine De Maeseeer KU Leuven Brussels 2017
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Introduction This project is based on research of the densification issue in Karachi as a megacity. Location is in Lyari Town, one of the oldest settlements in Karachi, which is located close to the city center. Lyari is a low-income, highrise (G+5/6) residential area. This town is developing mostly in informal way. When I was analyzing my first expression of Karachi, I decided to focus on privacy issue. Low-income inhabitants have to live in high-rise apartment blocks, sometimes with extended family in one room. The main reason why they prefer to live in this area is the accessibility to necessary facilities and a work. It is hard to provide the desired level of privacy for each resident. After some discovering, I found the phenomenon of Extimacy. I followed this idea to find a solution of the privacy issue in Karachi. The research question is how to densify Lyari incrementally. It is obvious that this city has to grow vertically. Therefore, I tried to find a way how to create a livable settlement in these complicated circumstances. The border between private and public, interior and exterior, personal and collective is gradually disappearing. The challenge is to provide desired level of privacy for people in the high density environment. Above I have defined that privacy is not physically isolated space, it is state of space at some moment. Therefore, such things as streets, rooms, playgrounds, corridors, etc are transformed to something intermediate, flexible, that can change their state. For instance, corridor can be a market street or place for gathering during the day and regular corridor during the night, apartment on the third level transforms to hairdresser’, because block has grown and densified. The new city should be mutable and generative. The proposal is to combine existing typical high-rise housing with new generic structure. Existing living space can be extended and new structure provides some private “pockets” where people can hide, some shared space where only residents of community can spend their time. Also, some facilities as school or kindergarten can be organized on rooftops. New “vertical streets” have few functions: a vertical axis around which this generic structure “self-organizes”, a wind catcher or a water tower and a main staircase. Gradually the structure will expand and all block will become a “uniform organism”. (like The Kowloon Walled City)
fig 31 Karachi
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Privacy
Privacy
Social interaction
fig 32
Extimacy
Intimacy
Exteriority
fig 33
Copy Paste
Densification Symbiosis typical apartment blocks+ generative structure
Typical approach
fig 34
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Morphology of Void open space (street, secondary streets, open yards) closed yards
fig 35
Proposal
intervention_grid
fig 36
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intervention_volume
Circulation_Ground Level
main vertical “streets”_ staircase+wind catcher new circulation system_ ground level streets+collective yards
fig 37
Circulation_Upper Level
main vertical “streets”_ staircase+wind catcher new circulation system_ upper level collective corridors
fig 38
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fig 39
rooftop grounds collective and private
windcatcher|watertowervertical street
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generative structure
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Collages
fig 40 Rooftop activities, Collage
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fig 41 Urban interiority, Collage
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fig 42
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Forest with Gentle Giants Internship, Sputnik. 2018
Invited competition in 2018 First prize winner Design: Team Paul de Vroom + Sputnik Paul de Vroom, Henk Bultstra, Bert Karel Deuten, Oksana Savchuk, Lidiia Leonova Co-architect: A-Project, Moscow, RU Client: KROST, Moscow, RU
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Proposal PAVEMENT
PRIVATE CORTYARDS
fig 43 Programmes JUNGLE
fig 44 Green zones BICYCLE
PEDESTRIAN
PLAZA
STORAGE STORAGE SPACE+ SPACE+ SOCIAL SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CULTURAL PROGRAM AND PROGRAM RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL TOWERS TOWERS PARKING PARKING LOW-RISE LOW-RISE APARTMETS APARTMETS WITH WITH COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL PROGRAM PROGRAM ON GROUND GROUND FLOOR FLOOR ON CULTURAL CULTURAL AND AND EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL COMPLEX COMPLEX
BUS STOP
fig 45 Transport system ENTRANCE TO PARKING
fig 46 Parking
PARKING
PAVEMENT
BUS STOP
PRIVATE CORTYARDS PRIVATE CORTYARDS CORTYARDS PRIVATE
PAVEMENT BICYCLE
BUS STOP ENTRANCE TO PARKING
JUNGLE JUNGLE JUNGLE
BICYCLE PEDESTRIAN PAVEMENT
ENTRANCE TO PARKING PARKING BUS STOP
PLAZA PLAZA PLAZA
PEDESTRIAN BICYCLE
PARKING ENTRANCE TO PARKING
PEDESTRIAN
PARKING
During this project I have been elaborating a master plan (see fig.48), a configuration of podiums, diagramms (see fig.43-46) and a birdeye view (see fig.42). http://www.studiosputnik.nl/portfolio/a-forest-with-gentle-giants/
fig 47
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Masterplan fig 48
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fig 49
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33 Interior of apartments on the 33rd floor, Samara
location: Samara, Russian Federation interior design Lidiia Leonova, Petr Slastenin Samara 2015-2017
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Drawings fig 50
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fig 51 10 TV
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TV
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2 1 7
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№ Name
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32
1
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Bedroom Den-hall-corridor Guest room Cloakroom Bathroom Hall Guest bathroom Kitchen Balcony №1 Balcony №2 Balcony №3
Surface,m2 24,8 90,1 22,5 9,3 11,1 4,2 3,4 17,1 6,0 5,0 12,6
Photos
kitchen, view from corridor The challenges of this project were an existing configuration of structural elements, a shape of space and ventilation issues. The task was to create comfortable space for a couple. As you can see on drawings, there are only 2 “isolated� rooms in the apartment, the other rooms were organized as the whole space with numerous elements such as a decorative wall, glass partitions and furniture structures that perform the function of the boundaries. This apartment located on the 33rd floor was designed clearly and functionally with the combination of monochromatic surfaces with complex textures of materials (wood, porcelain tiles).
kitchen
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up: view from corridor down: bathroom down: view from cabinet, ventilation system
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up: view from living room down: view from corridor
up: detail of the wall left: corridor, ventilation system Ventilation system was effectively organized under the ceiling in corridor, bathroom and cloak room, and this gave us a possibility to keep the maximum height(3,2m) of the ceiling in the other rooms.
right: detail of the wall down: living room
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