The PoultrySite Digital - April 2013 - Issue 28 by 5m Publishing

EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AT YOUR FINGERTIPS APRIL 2013 – ISSUE 28

Wide Range of Nutrition Topics Addressed at Atlanta Forum Review of a selection of the papers of feeding and nutrition of poultry presented at the International Poultry Scientific Forum 2013, summarised by senior editor, Jackie Linden.

The first ‘Metabolism and Nutrition’ session at the International Poultry Scientific Forum (IPSF), held in

Atlanta, US in January 2013, included papers on a number of topics that are the focus of new research on poultry. In addition to well-researched areas of distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS), feed enzymes and amino acid requirements, important work on calcium sources, feed particle size and mycotoxins was also reported. This feature is continued on page 4

NOVEDAD: Enfoque latinoamericano del editor principal de ElSitioAvicola, Chris Wright

April 2013 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Issue 28

COVER STORY

Wide Range of Nutrition Topics Addressed at Atlanta Forum

Review of a selection of the papers of feeding and nutrition of poultry presented at the International Poultry Scientific Forum 2013, summarised by senior editor, Jackie Linden.

Russia and Ukraine Produce One in Three of Europe's Eggs - P8

Egg production in Europe overall has grown from around 9.5 million tonnes in 2000 to 10.6 million tonnes in 2011, according to industry analyst, Terry Evans.

Effects of Diet Dilution Source and Level on Performance and Behaviour of Pullets - P14

Diluting the diet with 15 per cent of sunflower seed extract or oat hulls reduced feather pecking and feather damage in non-beak-trimmed pullets from day-old to 18 weeks of age, according to new research from Wageningen University.

Broiler Meat Quality Issue De-mystified - P16

EDITORIAL

LATEST POULTRY INDUSTRY NEWS Feeding & Nutrition Health & Welfare Breeding & Genetics Biosecurity & Hygiene Housing & Equipment Incubation & Hatching Processing & Packaging

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Editorial

With feed topping the list of variable costs in poultry meat and egg production, ‘Nutrition and Feeding’ is the main topic of this edition of ThePoultrySite Digital. With the high prices for traditional feed ingredients becoming the norm and the constant threat of volatility in supply, poultry nutritionists need to be ever more flexible in diet formulation.They need research data to achieve this – on nutrient requirements, ways of making more of the nutrients available, the composition of new feed ingredients and how to keep birds healthy with less medication, among others.

Nutrition & Feeding

The first article in this issue is a review of a selection of the papers of feeding and nutrition presented at the International Poultry Scientific Forum 2013, covering calcium sources, feed particle size, feed enzymes, amino acid requirements and getting the most from distillers grains (DDGS).There was also a paper linking mycotoxins with necrotic enteritis, a digestive condition that causes significant Jackie Linden economic losses in broiler production, especially where in-feed anticoccidials are ThePoultrySite.com Senior Editor not used. jackie.linden@5mpublishing.com

In the Netherlands, new research has revealed how nutrition can affect welfare by reducing feather pecking in pullets. Changing topic, seasoned industry watcher, Terry Evans continues his analysis of the trends in the global egg industry, turning his attention to Europe, where around one-third of the total production originates in Russia and the Ukraine. Finally, we have a review of current knowledge about white striping, a defect of chicken breast meat, which has only recently been recognised in the US. Jackie Linden

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Wide Range of Nutrition Topics Addressed at Atlanta Forum Continued from page 1 CALCIUM SoURCES An in-vitro evaluation of calcium sources and particle sizes on calcium and phosphorus solubility was reported by Hannah Wladecki of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1). She concluded that particle size affected the solubility of both calcium and phosphorus. However, the response was dependent upon calcium source and location. The fine and medium particle sizes and highly soluble marine calcium source diets had the highest calcium solubilities overall. Also from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and including authors from AB Vista, Diego Paiva described his investigation into the effects of calcium levels and source as well as phytase supplementation on disease, focusing on the effects during a natural outbreak of necrotic enteritis (2). He concluded that the lower calcium level (0.60 per cent) resulted in better broiler performance and there were indications that dietary calcium can induce mortality from necrotic enteritis. The 21-day trial had a 2×2×2 factorial design, which included two dietary levels of calcium (0.60 per cent and 0.90 per cent), two calcium sources (limestone and calcified seaweed) and and two levels of an E.coli phytase (0 and 1,000FTU per kg). Birds began exhibiting clinical signs of necrotic enteritis (NE) on day 9 and elevated NE-associated mortality persisted until the end of the trial. Mortality was significantly affected by an interaction between calcium source and level; significantly higher mortality was observed when birds were fed diets formulated with 0.90 per cent calcified seaweed than 0.60 per cent calcium, regardless of calcium source, and 0.90 per cent calcium diets formulated with limestone.

MyCoToxIN PREDISPoSES BIRDS To NECRoTIC ENTERITIS Continuing on the theme of the feed-related causes of necrotic enteritis, Gunther Antonissen of the University of Ghent in Belgium reported that the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DoN), predisposes

broilers to necrotic enteritis by affecting the intestinal barrier (3). He and his colleagues at Ghent as well as from the Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research in Melle, Belgium, and Biomin Research Center explained that Clostridium perfringens-induced subclinical necrotic enteritis and mycotoxins both cause important economic losses in the broiler industry. The Fusarium mycotoxin, DoN, is a common feed contaminant that can affect the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and may as a result increase the availability of free amino acids in the intestine.This, Gunther Antonissen explained, can promote the massive intestinal proliferation of C.perfringens. Their study aimed to evaluate and explain the predisposing effect of DoN on necrotic enteritis, using an in-vivo infection trial mimicking subclinical necrotic enteritis and comparing intestinal lesions in broilers after feeding DoN at a contamination level below the European maximum guidance level of 5,000µg kg feed, with broilers receiving non-contaminated feed. The researchers found significantly more chickens showed necrotic enteritis lesions in the in-vivo study when their diet was contaminated with DoN. It appeared that DoN altered intestinal barrier function but not the in-vitro growth of C.perfringens strains.

FEED MANUFACTURING AND PARTICLE SIzE A study investigating the effect of calcium lignosulphonate and mixer-added fat on feed manufacture and the performance of broilers aged 23 to 42 days was reported by Alina Corey of West Virginia University (4). The results demonstrate both of the additions affect feed manufacturing variables, and combined with feed form, they can affect broiler performance.The mechanism of interaction remains unclear. Pelleting technique can affect feed form and nutrient availability, reported Ms Corey. Past research demonstrates that increased mixer-added fat (MAF) decreases frictional heat and pressure within the pellet die.The increased lubrication can maintain digestibility

FEATUREâ&#x20AC;&#x2C6;ARTICLE of heat-sensitive nutrients but may also decrease pellet quality. The use of pellet binders, such as calcium lignosulphonate, could enable high inclusions of the fat without causing detriment to pellet quality, they hypothesised. The use of the pellet binder increased broiler feed intake and live weight gain. In addition, a three-way interaction of main effects occurred for feed conversion ratio. The interaction demonstrated that three per cent mixer-added fat was most beneficial to feed conversion for ground pellets and that the benefit was dependent on the interaction of the fat and binder for pellets. Satid Auttawong of North Carolina State University reported a litter floor pen experiment evaluating the effects of maize (corn) particle size, dietary metabolisable energy (ME) level, mixer or post-pellet liquid fat application and time-limited feeding on broiler live performance to 28 days of age (5). Although coarsely ground maize had a negative effect on feed intake during the starter phase, this was accompanied by improved adjusted feed conversion ratio, he reported. Both the higher dietary ME from added fat and coarse maize treatments improved adjusted feed conversion ratio independently. In the experiment, chicks were assigned to a factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two dietary inclusions of coarse maize (0 and 20 per cent or 0 and 35 per cent of total maize in starter and grower diets, respectively), two dietary metabolisable energy (ME) levels in grower diets (2.95kcal or 3.05kcal ME per g), two liquid fat application methods (all fat in mixer or 0.75 per cent in mixer plus the remainder added post-pellet) and two feeding programmes (ad libitum or time-limited). The fine maize was ground with a hammermill to 262 microns (2.4mm) while the coarse maize was ground with a roller mill to 1,082 microns. The two were blended to create the coarse maize inclusion levels. In a related experiment, also from North Carolina State University, yi xu reported an evaluation of the effect of coarse maize inclusion on broiler growth performance, digesta retention time and gastrointestinal characteristics (6).

There were no differences in feed intake or bodyweight at 42 days of age. There was an improvement in adjusted feed conversion at 35 days (1.82 versus 1.74 and 1.69) and 42 days (1.94 versus 1.86 and 1.82) of age for the birds fed the 25 per cent and 50 per cent coarse maize diets as compared to 100 per cent fine maize, respectively. Differences were observed between treatments in gizzard weight at 42 days of age, gizzard pH at 28 days of age, tensile strength of the ileum and digesta retention time. In further work on coarse maize from North Carolina State University, the effects were investigated of phytase enzyme in broiler diets containing low phytate versus normal phytate soybean meal on male broiler live performance, development of the gizzard and proventriculus and total phosphorus digestibility (7). Basheer Nusairat concluded from the results that the digestive environment created by both soybean meal phytate level and coarse maize affect phytase function and that these effects may involve changes in gizzard and proventriculus weight and function. Feed intake and live performance to 21 days of age were not affected.

FEED ENzyMES An experiment conducted with Enzyvia LLC and Foster Farms to evaluate the inclusion of a cocktail NSPase (Enspira) in low energy maize-soybean meal diets on broiler growth performance and carcass yield was reported by Joseph Klein of Texas A&M University (8). The data confirm that NSPase inclusion in low-energy diets improves growth performance and processing yields in maize-soybean meal diets.

The experimental design included three dietary treatments including a positive control, negative control with a reduction of 130kcal per kg throughout the experiment compared to the positive control and the negative control diet supplemented with the enzyme. The addition of a novel, heat-stable xylanase decreased digesta viscosity and increased apparent

Wide Range of Nutrition Topics Addressed at Atlanta Forum metabolisable energy (AME) of broilers when included in both mash and pelleted wheat-based diets, according to I.B. Barasch of North Carolina State University following three experiments with BioResource International, Inc. (9).

try Technical Nutrition Services LLC, Kurt Perryman concluded from his experiment that increased dietary amino acid density from one to 42 days of age optimises profitability in Ross × Ross 708 male broilers (12).

There was a linear increase in AME with increasing xylanase enzyme concentration in two of the trials; in one, the AME was increased 140kcal per kg with 640 units per kg of the enzyme versus the controls fed no enzyme, while in the other, supplementation at 1,920 units per kg provided a 200-kcal per kg increase in AME over broilers fed an unsupplemented diet.

They used a total of five experimental diets differing in digestible lysine content: basal, industry low, industry high, requirement and summit, which had weighted (based on feed intake) digestible lysine concentrations of 0.86, 0.93, 1.00, 1.07 and 1.14 per cent, respectively.

Beta-mannanase enzyme was hypothesised to improve the nutritional value of soybean meal-containing diets for turkeys by enhancing dietary energy utilisation and gut health by Ayuub Ayool of North Carolina State University (10). Turkey poults were fed experimental diets consisting of a 2×2 factorial arrangement of two levels of dietary energy differing by around 150kcal ME per kg (high versus low fat) and two dietary inclusion levels of endo-beta-mannanase (0 versus 0.05 per cent CTCzyme® from CTCBIo, Inc. of Korea). The results showed that, although dietary enzyme supplementation had minimal effect on growth performance and nitrogen-corrected AME, it appeared to improve intestinal mucosa health, nitrogen retention and fat digestibility, especially when fed high-fat diets.

AMINo ACID REQUIREMENTS In a trial with Poultry Technical Nutrition Services LLC, Kate Meloche and colleagues from Auburn University investigated the growth of male broilers fed diets varying in digestible threonine from one to to 14 days of age (11). Using the linear broken line method, she reported optimal threonine to lysine ratios for bodyweight gain and feed conversion to be 70 and 68, respectively. These data support a minimum digestible threonine ratio of at least 68 for Hubbard × Cobb 500 male broilers to 14 days of age, she said. Also from Auburn University and working with Poul-

The birds grew faster and more efficiently when they consumed higher concentrations of digestible lysine. Economic return was maximised (at $3.89 versus $3.56 per bird) for broilers fed diets formulated to their amino acid requirements (1.07 per cent weighted digestible lysine. Working with Adisseo of France, Kevin Bolek of Iowa State University reported his experiment looking at the effect of chick methionine status and methionine source on broiler performance and physiological response to acute and chronic heat stress (13). Results indicate that heat treatment had significant adverse effects on bird performance but did not impact hepatic glutathione concentrations. The researchers observed that birds were able to adapt quickly to changes in blood parameters as differences in blood chemistry noted over the acute exposure were not seen after six days of heat exposure. Neither methionine source nor concentration affected the parameters in this experiment, an observation that was attributed to the adequate dietary concentrations even under high environmental temperatures.

DDGS The recent trend of removing oil from the thin stillage before mixing with residual grains has resulted in new dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) products with reduced oil content, according to Raj Murugesan (14). He and colleagues at Iowa State Univeristy conducted a chick metabolisable energy experiment to deter-

FEATUREâ&#x20AC;&#x2C6;ARTICLE mine the effects of oil removal from DDGS on the nitrogen-corrected AME in broiler chicks. Their results indicate that in broilers at 27 to 28 days of age, each one per cent decrease in the oil content leads to a 45.6kcal reduction in AMEn of DDGS. Megan van Benschoten of the Alltech-University of Kentucky Nutrition Research Alliance tested a strategy to increase the level of DDGS fed to brown laying hens (15). They found that inclusion of up to 35 per cent DDGS in the diet can reduce feed intake in early lay and overall egg production. Including Alltech PN Broiler Grower Premix appeared to lessen these negative effects and increase Haugh units. REFERENCES

All papers were presented at the International Poultry Scientific Forum 2013. Atlanta, Georgia, US. 28 to 29 January 2013. (1) Wladecki H. and A. McElroy. In vitro evaluation of calcium sources and particle sizes on calcium and phosphorus solubility. (2) Paiva D., C.Walk and A. McElroy. Calcium, calcium source and phytase impact on bird performance during a natural necrotic enteritis outbreak. (3) Antonissen G., F. Van Immerseel, F. Pasmans, R. Ducatelle, F. Haesebrouck, L. Timbermont, M.Verlinden, G. Janssens, M. Eeckhout, S. De Saeger, P. Boeckx, E. Delezie, S. Hessenberger, A. Martel and S. Croubels. Deoxynivalenol predisposes for necrotic enteritis by affecting the intestinal barrier in broilers. (4) Corey A., K. Wamsley, T. Winowiski and J. Moritz. The effect of calcium lignosulfonate and mixer-added fat on feed manufacture and 23-42d broiler performance. (5) Auttawong S., J.T. Brake, P.R. Ferket, C.R. Stark and S. yahav. The effect of maize particle size, dietary energy level, post pellet liquid fat application, and time-limited feeding on broiler live performance to 28 days of age. (6) xu y., C. Stark, P. Ferket and J. Brake. Evaluation of roller mill ground maize inclusions on broiler growth performance, digesta retention time, and gastrointestinal tract characteristics. (7) Nusairat B., J. Brake, C. Stark and S. yahav. Effects of phytase enzyme in combination with 50 per cent coarse maize in broiler diets containing low phytate versus normal phytate soybean meal on male broiler live performance, development of the gizzard and proventriculus, and total phosphorus digestibility. (8) Klein J., M. Williams, B. Brown, S. Rao and J. Lee. Effects of dietary NSPase inclusion in low energy maize-soybean meal diets on broiler performance and carcass yield.

(9) Barasch I.B., J.L. Grimes, P.E. Biggs, J.D. Garlich and J.J.Wang.The effect of a novel, heat-stable xylanase on digesta viscosity and apparent metabolizable energy when fed to broiler chickens. (10) Ayoola A., P. Ferket, R. Malheiros and J. Grimes. Effect of Bmannanase supplementation of high and low fat diets on energy and protein utilization, gut morphology and mucin secretion of turkey poults. (11) Meloche K., P. Tillman and W. Dozier III. Growth performance of male broilers fed diets varying in digestible threonine from 1 to 14 days of age. (12) Perryman K., P. Tillman, W. Dozier III. Increased dietary amino acid density from 1 to 42 d of age optimizes profitability in Ross Ă&#x2014; Ross 708 male broilers. (13) Bolek K., y. Mercier and M. Persia. The effect of chick methionine status and methionine source on broiler performance and physiological response to acute and chronic heat stress. (14) Murugesan G.R., B. Kerr,T.Weber and M. Persia. Energy utilization of reduced oil-dried distillers grains with solubles (RoDDGS) in chicks. (15) van Benschoten M., A. Pescatore, A. Cantor,T. Ao, R. Samuel, M. Ford, W.D. King and J. Pierce. Program Nutrition strategy on the productive performance and egg quality of brown laying hens fed distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) diets.

Russia and Ukraine Produce One in Three of Europe's Eggs

Global Poultry Trends

Image courtesy Sanovo

Russia and Ukraine Produce One in Three of Europe's Eggs Egg production in Europe overall has grown from around 9.5 million tonnes in 2000 to 10.6 million tonnes in 2011, according to industry analyst, Terry Evans.This expansion can be largely attributed to Russia and Ukraine as output from EU countries has increased negligibly.

World egg production expanded by 1.2 million tonnes or a little less than two per cent in 2011, according to provisional data released by the Food and Agriculture organisation (FAo). Increases were recorded throughout the regions but in particular the Americas, Asia and Europe. It should be noted however, that for many countries the data is unofficial and therefore, subject to revision.

Should this estimate prove correct and growth continues at that rate, then in 2013, world egg output (including hatching eggs which are estimated to be around five per cent of the total) could exceed 67 million tonnes. However, due to the difficult financial environment that has persisted worldwide over the past couple of years, it is likely that in many countries growth has, at best, been minimal and for some, production will have contracted. Hence, the actual total for 2013 is more likely to be between 65.5 and 66.0 million tonnes (Table 1 and Figure 1). Looking at the period 2000 to 2011, while growth has occurred in all regions the slowest rate of expansion - one per cent a year - was in Europe. Indeed, as the

GLobAL PoULTRy TRENds Table 1. World hen egg production (million tonnes)

Region

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011P

2012E

2013E

Americas

10.4

11.7

12.3

12.5

12.8

12.9

13.2

9.5

9.9

10.1

10.0

10.1

10.3

10.4

10.6

Africa

1.9

Asia

29.0

Europe

oceania

0.2

WORLD

51.0

2.2

2.4

32.6

33.0

0.2

56.6

57.9

2.5

34.5 0.2

59.6

more detailed figures presented in Table 2 reveal, while production in Europe as a whole is considered to have grown from 9.48 million tonnes to 10.64 million tonnes, the increase in the European Union (EU) showed an annual average gain of less than 0.2 per cent, underlining the point that Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s expansion has been predominantly linked to expansion in the egg industries outside the EU. Indeed, EU table egg output is thought to have contracted by possibly two per cent in 2012 although a recovery of approximately this amount is anticipated in 2013. While the total number of layers in Europe has increased from around 700 million in 2000 to 787 million in 2011, the number of birds in the EU has hardly changed at around the 480-million mark.

2.6

36.3 0.2

61.7

2.5

37.0 0.2

62.8

2.7

37.6 0.3

63.8

2.7

2.8

38.2

38.4

0.3

65.0

65.3

2.8

38.6 0.3

65.5

P = preliminary Sources: FAO to 2011; 2012 and 2013 = author's estimates

Although production in Europe expanded by almost 1.2 million tonnes during the review period, just two countries - Russia and Ukraine - accounted for some 956,000 tonnes or 83 per cent of this increase. output in Russia, the largest producer in Europe, rose by a moderate 1.7 per cent a year, climbing from 1.9 million tonnes to about 2.3 million tonnes. In sharp contrast, production in the Ukraine rocketed by more than seven per cent a year from a shade below 500,000 tonnes in 2000 to exceed one million tonnes in 2011. As a result, the EUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s contribution to the Europe total has declined from around 70 per cent in 2000 to 64 per cent in 2011. A report in September 2012 on the competitiveness of the EU egg industry by Peter van Horne of the Agri-

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Africa 2000

2005

Americas 2006

2007

Asia 2008

Europe 2009

2010

Oceania 2011P

World 2012E

2013E

Figure 1. World hen egg production by region (million tonnes)

Russia and Ukraine Produce One in Three of Europe's Eggs

Country Albania Austria

Belarus

Belgium

Bosnia/Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia

Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland

Table 2. Hen egg production in Europe ('000 tonnes)

2000 21.0 86.1

2005 27.3 89.3

2006 26.5 90.6

2007 27.2 95.2

2008 29.7 96.2

2009 30.0 92.0

2010

2011P

94.6

102.7

157.5

161.0

31.3

182.3

172.4

185.0

179.0

183.7

190.3

196.0

18.2

17.6

17.0

20.3

26.2

23.6

34.7

194.2 82.1 46.5

188.0 74.3 15.8 58.5

179.8 97.0 49.4 89.5 79.8 13.1 58.2

194.0 99.2 50.7 86.7 77.0 11.4 56.7

174.2 97.4 48.2 93.0 78.0 9.9

57.0

161.0 93.7 47.2 98.9 81.0 9.2

58.3

152.6 88.7 48.3

89.3 42.3

31.8

208.0 30.5 73.5 41.5

97.6

122.1

124.6

10.8

11.4

73.9 53.9

76.4 61.5

78.6 62.8

France

1,038.0

930.1

908.3

878.4

801.3

918.3

844.3

839.5

Greece

116.6

110.1

99.5

97.3

101.8

108.8

99.8

Germany Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

901.0 176.4 2.6

32.4

795.0 164.7 2.8

37.5

796.5 164.2 2.6

38.1

785.6 157.9 2.9

33.8

789.6 159.9 2.9

41.2

699.0 155.9 3.0

41.6

662.4 151.8 2.7

45.0

777.1 138.1 3.4

45.0

686.1

722.2

678.9

724.0

750.0

812.5

736.8

41.5

51.9

53.4

55.0

54.8

47.8

46.4

43.8

24.4 1.0

33.4 1.3

35.7 1.2

42.1 1.2

40.3 1.3

42.9 1.3

45.0 1.4

41.9 1.5

Macedonia Rep.

25.5

19.0

18.5

18.0

15.5

15.4

18.8

16.6

Moldova Rep.

32.0

42.5

42.7

39.3

31.4

35.8

40.2

39.3

Netherlands

668.0

607.0

611.0

621.0

627.0

638.0

670.0

692.0

Poland

423.8

536.0

537.2

546.8

581.7

605.0

618.5

576.7

Malta

Montenegro Norway

Portugal

Romania

5.4 -

46.9

117.4 262.8

5.9 -

50.7

118.2 355.4

7.3 2.3

50.6

119.1 356.7

7.6 3.6

53.2

121.6 311.3

8.2 2.7

56.0

123.5 333.6

7.0 2.8

58.9

124.2 297.3

5.1 3.2

59.9

131.1 297.5

Russian Federation

1,894.6

2,049.9

2,100.0

2,121.8

2,118.5

2,194.5

2,260.6

Serbia/Montenegro

72.0

76.6

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia Spain

Sweden

Switzerland Ukraine

United Kingdom

EUROPEAN UNION EUROPE WORLD

60.8

72.8

60.2

59.0

70.1

3.8

57.8

122.8 304.3

2,283.6 70.1

62.9

70.3

72.5

71.3

70.6

74.7

657.6

708.5

826.7

825.0

812.4

829.5

830.0

36.3

37.9

38.9

38.8

39.3

43.5

45.3

45.6

22.7

102.0

14.3

102.0

14.3 99.0

15.8 95.0

19.4

102.0

21.5

105.0

21.6

111.0

21.4

116.0

496.6

748.1

815.6

807.2

855.2

883.8

973.9

1,064.2

6,616.0

6,581.2

6,636.1

6,584.3

6,627.7

6,708.5

6,671.8

6,752.2

51,013.1

56,609.9

568.6

9,479.8

609.0

9,866.0

594.0

10,050.3 57,934.7

cultural Research Institute at Wageningen in the Netherlands, revealed that, in 2010, the average production cost in the Ukraine was some 79 per cent of

68.8

4.5

579.3

10,004.0 59,588.0

600.1

10,086.2 61,703.7

603.0

10,287.5 62,762.1

658.0

10,442.3 63,753.0

662.0

10,638.6 65,002.6

- no figure Source: FAO

that for the EU. However, although production costs in the EU have since increased by more than 15 per cent as the result of the implementation of European

GLobAL PoULTRy TRENds legislation on environmental protection, animal welfare and food safety, the high costs of transport and import tariffs have meant that Ukrainian eggs cannot compete on price within the EU. However, Ukraine is now in the list of authorised countries to export to the EU and this country might send eggs for breaking. Although the banning of conventional cages in EU member states from 1 January 2012 caused market disruption, it was not as serious as some had predicted. While production declined in a number of countries, it is considered that the EUs level of self-sufficiency only slipped from 102 per cent to around 100 per cent. For 2013, a slight recovery is anticipated. While the Russian Federation is easily the leading producer in Europe, accounting for more than onefifth of the total in 2011 (Tables 2 and 3), Ukraine is quickly cementing its position in the number two spot in the production league. Back in 2000, Ukraine’s egg industry was the eighth largest in Europe with production equating to little more than a quarter of that for Russia. By 2011, the Ukraine was not only firmly established as the second largest producer in the region but its output was equivalent to almost 50 per cent of the Russian total. Like in the other major egg-producing regions, only a relatively few countries account for the bulk of production. In Europe, the top nine countries - all producing more than 500,000 tonnes a year - had a combined output estimated at 8.5 million tonnes, or around 80 per cent of the regional total in 2011 (Table 4 and Figure 2). Not surprisingly, these nine countries also account for almost 80 per cent of the European human population. Since 2000, the egg industry in Russia has expanded by a little less than two per cent a year as output has climbed to 2.3 million tonnes. While there may be some 160 million layers in the country, the commercial sector is considered to be around 140 million, all housed in cages, with the split between brown and white birds put at 50:50. Estimates of the number of eggs produced vary according to source but for 2011 it would appear to have been around 43 billion. Most of production comes from the Volga Federal District with an estimated 10.3 billion eggs in 2010, fol-

Table 3. European egg production ranking in 2011 ('000 tonnes)

Russian Federation Ukraine France Spain

Germany Italy

Netherlands

United Kingdom Poland

Romania Belarus

Belgium

Hungary

Czech Republic Portugal Sweden Austria

Greece

Denmark Slovakia Bulgaria Serbia

Finland

Norway

Switzerland Ireland

Lithuania Latvia

Croatia

Moldova Rep. Albania

Bosnia/Herzegovina Slovenia

Macedonia Rep. Estonia Malta

Montenegro Iceland

Luxembourg

2,283.6 1,064.2

839.5 830.0 777.1 736.8 692.0 662.0 576.7 304.3 208.0 161.0 138.1 124.6 122.8 116.0 102.7 99.8 78.6 74.7 73.5 70.1 62.8 57.8 45.6 45.0 43.8 41.9 41.5 39.3 31.8 30.5 21.4 16.6 11.4 4.5 3.8 3.4 1.5

Source: FAO

lowed by the Central Federal District with 8.2 billion and the Southern Federal District with 5.8 billion. According to Russia’s agricultural analysis agency, Navigator, although there are some 450 large layer farms, possibly just 150 are operating at full capacity.That many farms are operating below capacity reflects the low levels of profitability as producers wrestle with rising production costs. While this is expected to slow industry

Russia and Ukraine Produce One in Three of Europe's Eggs growth, at least one report claims that the government intends stepping in to offer a level of financial support to offset rising electricity, fuel and feed costs. Russia’s largest egg producer, Borovskaya Poultry Farm zAo, which was expected to produce one billion eggs in 2012, has become part of the Joint-Stock Company Bohr Poultry, based in Tyumen. other leading egg producers are the Sverdlovsk Poultry Farm (846 million eggs), Roskar Farms (600 million) Agrosoyuz Holding and Lenptitseprom.

It is considered that the industry needs to put more emphasis into the production of egg products. one source claims that some seven per cent of eggs are further processed although others estimate this figure to be no more than four per cent. Accession to the World Trade organisation (WTo) is not expected to have a major impact on Russia’s egg industry, as both imports and exports are small.

Table 4. Leading egg producers in Europe ('000 tonnes)

Country

2000

France

Germany

2005

662.4

777.1

918.3

844.3

686.1

722.2

678.9

724.0

750.0

812.5

736.8

423.8

607.0 536.0

796.5 611.0 537.2

785.6 621.0 546.8

789.6

699.0

627.0 581.7

638.0 605.0

839.5 736.8

670.0

692.0

618.5

576.7

1,894.6

2,049.9

2,100.0

2,121.8

2,118.5

2,194.5

2,260.6

2,283.6

496.6

748.1

815.6

807.2

855.2

883.8

973.9

1,064.2

8,254.5

8,461.9

657.6 568.6

7,334.3

EUROPE

2011P

801.3

Ukraine

Total above

2010

878.4

795.0

668.0

United Kingdom

2009

908.3

Netherlands

Spain

2008

930.1

Italy

Russian Federation

2007

1,038.0 901.0

Poland

2006

9,479.8

708.5 609.0

7,705.8

9,866.0

826.7 594.0

7,868.2

10,050.3

825.0 579.3

7,889.1

10,004.0

812.4 600.1

7,935.8

10,086.2

829.5 603.0

8,183.6

10,287.5

830.0

658.0

10,442.3

662.0

10,638.6

P = preliminary Source: FAO

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0 France 2000

Germany

Italy

2005

2006

Netherlands Poland Russian Fed. Spain 2007

2008

2009

Figure 2. Leading egg producers in Europe (‘000 tonnes)

Ukraine 2010

UK 2011P

GLobAL PoULTRy TRENds Egg production in Ukraine more than doubled between 2000 and 2011, when the number of eggs produced, according to FAo, amounted to around 18.4 billion was some nine per cent higher than in the previous year. All the flocks are housed in cages. While it is estimated that the industry has the capacity to process some four per cent of production, the actual quantity broken out is likely to be nearer two per cent. AvangardCo IPL is the largest egg producer with a flock of 25.1 million at the end of 2011, which accounted for approximately 32 per cent of total production. In 2011, this company produced some 12,000 tonnes of dried egg, which represented about 87 per cent of the national total. The remaining seven countries in the ‘Top nine’ (Table 4) are all members of the European Union. As mentioned earlier, production in the Community has hardly increased over the past decade. During this period, the industries in the two leading producers, France and Germany, have contracted sharply, while the others in this group managed to expand output, particularly Spain and Poland. The contraction in Germany was the result of this country imposing the EU-wide ban on conventional laying cages a year earlier than the other member states. Back in 2005, according to an assessment by Professor Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst, the International Egg Commission’s Statistical Analyst, more than 75 per cent of German layers were kept in conventional cages, 14 per cent in barns and 13 per cent on free range. By 2011, almost 63 per cent were housed in barns, 14.6 per cent on free-range, 14.6 per cent in colony nests and 7.3 per cent in organic systems. Since 2002 Germany’s level of self-sufficiency in eggs has fallen from 74 per cent to only 55 per cent in 2010. However, in 2011, as indicated in Table 4, the industry started to recover and self-sufficiency increased to 64 per cent and by late 2012, production was back to the pre-cage ban level. There is uncertainty as to how long production from colony cages will be permitted, underlined by leading German retailers deciding not to sell eggs from such systems. Current production from colony cages tend to be sold at farmers’ markets and to egg processors.

Clearly, this method of egg production will be phased out in Germany in the not-too-distant future.

Production in France slumped by some 200,000 tonnes a year, or approximately 20 per cent, between 2000 and 2011. The proportion of brown to white eggs in 2011 was put at 85:15. At that time, the proportion of the national flock housed in barns or on free-range was approaching 30 per cent compared with just 20 per cent a year earlier. Between 2000 and 2006, the egg industry in Spain expanded by 26 per cent to reach 827,000 tonnes. The increase coincided with a sharp rise in exports. However, since then, output has stabilised somewhat around the 830,000 tonnes a year mark. Some 90 per cent of eggs are brown-shelled and even in 2011, only three per cent of the flock was housed in non-cage systems. The change from conventional to colony cages will have pushed up costs and brought about a cut-back in output.This has boosted prices such that egg processors have reported a shortage of supplies. Spain has about 57 egg processors producing some 110,000 tonnes of liquid product and 5,500 tonnes of powdered egg. After peaking in 2009 at 813,000 tonnes, egg production in Italy has contracted, though estimates on the quantity vary. The industry is still feeling the impact of the animal welfare regulations, hence a further cutback in production is more likely than a recovery. Between 2010 and 2011, the proportion of birds in non-cage systems jumped from 23 per cent to around 43 per cent. only a small proportion of eggs are white, some 94 per cent being brown. Egg production in the UK is estimated to have contracted by about four per cent in 2012. over 50 per cent of eggs are not produced intensively. In that year, some nine per cent fewer eggs were purchased by processors and consequently, the volume of egg products declined to around 91,000 tonnes compared with more than 100,000 tonnes in 2011. With the economic pressures principally due to the welfare regulations and feed costs that all EU egg producers are enduring, it seems unlikely that there will be a significant increase in output in the Community in the short-term.

Effects of Diet Dilution Source and Level on Performance and Behaviour of Pullets

Feature Article

Effects of Diet Dilution Source and Level on Performance and Behaviour of Pullets

Diluting the diet with 15 per cent of sunflower seed extract or oat hulls reduced feather pecking and feather damage in non-beak-trimmed pullets from dayold to 18 weeks of age, according to new research from Wageningen University.

A recent issue of Poultry Science includes a paper reporting an experiment conducted to investigate the effects of dietary dilution sources and levels on feather damage, performance, feeding behaviour and litter condition in rearing pullets. Authors, S.N. Qaisrani of Wageningen University in the

Netherlands and colleagues there and at Wageningen UR Livestock Research hypothesised that dietary dilution increases feeding-related behaviour and improves feather condition, particularly if insoluble non-starch polysaccharides are used as the dilution source. In total, 864 Lohmann Brown day-old non-beaktrimmed pullets were used until 18 weeks of age. Four dietary treatments were used: a control diet without any dilution (R-0), 7.5 per cent diluted diet with sunflower seed extract/oat hulls (R-7.5), 15 per cent

FEATUREâ&#x20AC;&#x2C6;ARTICLE diluted diet with sunflower seed extract (R-15-S), and 15 per cent diluted diet with oat hulls (R-15-o).There were six replicates - one replicate is a pen with 36 pullets - per treatment. At four-week intervals, behavioural parameters, including eating time, feather pecking, feather condition and general behaviour were evaluated.

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Pullets fed the control diet showed increased feather-, comb- and wire-pecking compared with pullets fed the diluted diets.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

feather-pecking behaviour. Based on these results, they said, the application of this feeding strategy could improve production and welfare in pullets. REFERENCE Qaisrani S.N., M.M. van Krimpen and R.P. Kwakkel. 2013. Effects of dietary dilution source and dilution level on feather damage, performance, behavior, and litter condition in pullets. Poult. Sci. 92(3):591-602. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02378. FURTHER READING you can view the full report (fee payable) by clicking here.

Pullets fed the control diet showed increased feather, comb- and wire-pecking compared with pullets fed the diluted diets. The level of feather damage decreased with increasing dietary dilution level. Pullets receiving R-15-S and R15-o showed more feeding-related behaviour than the pullets fed R-7.5 and R-0. oat hulls were more effective in preventing feather damage than sunflower seed extract. Pullets did not fully compensate their feed intake if fed a dietary dilution, resulting in a proportionally reduced available metabolisable energy intake.The R-15-o pullets had 2.9 per cent lower average bodyweight gain than those fed R-0. Average eating duration increased by 12.8, 33.2 and 42.1 per cent in R-7.5, R-15-S and R-15-o fed pullets, respectively, compared with R-0, whereas eating rate expressed as feed intake (g) per pullet per eating minute - was decreased in R-15-S and R-15-o pullets. Relative weights of empty gizzards were 3.95, 10.30 and 62.72 per cent higher in R-7.5, R-15-S and R-15o pullets than those fed R-0. The Wageningen researchers concluded that dietary dilution affected time budgets of the pullets, as shown by more feeding-related behaviour, resulting in less

Broiler Meat Quality Issue De-mystified

Feature Article

Broiler Meat Quality Issue De-mystified

White striping is a recently recognised defect of chicken breast meat that could affect acceptance by consumers. This article reviews the work done to investigate the condition at the University of Arkansas, showing that the condition is associated with large fillets. The cause of the degenerative myopathy remains illusive but there appears to be no link between white striping and cooked meat quality. Researchers at the University of Arkansas in the US describe white striping as a condition in broiler chickens characterised grossly by the occurrence of white striations, seen parallel to the direction of muscle fibres, on broiler breast fillets and thighs.

Led by C.M. owens of the Department of Poultry Science, the Arkansas University team has investigated this meat quality defect, together with other partners, and they have published a series of papers in the journal,Â Poultry Science, with V. Kuttapan as the first author.

CoNSUMER ACCEPTANCE Among their first papers was an investigation into the marketing impacts of the white striping (1). As the severity of white striping increased, acceptance decreased among US consumers. More than half of those asked said they would probably not, or definitely not, buy breast fillets with moderate or severe

FEATUREâ&#x20AC;&#x2C6;ARTICLE white striping. This highlights the potential negative impact of this defect on the chicken meat market. This study was followed by others investigating the possible causes of white striping.The Arkansas-based team found that faster growing broilers tended to have an increased occurrence of higher degrees of white striping in the breast fillets (2). Furthermore, white striping of broiler breast meat was more prevalent and more severe in heavier fillets (3). The degree of white striping was associated with changes in the chemical composition of the breast fillets (2). Vitamin E levels in the diet have been shown in previous research to affect meat quality issues but feeding the birds higher levels of vitamin E had no significant effect on white striping (3).

PATHoLoGICAL INVESTIGATIoN Working with other institutions, the Arkansas team turned their attention to the pathological changes in the breast muscle associated with white striping in broiler breast muscles (4). They examining the changes in histology as well as proximate composition occurring in the fillets that were classified as normal, or with moderate or severe white striping. Major histopathological changes were observed in the moderate and severe samples. Microscopic lesions for degenerative or necrotic lesions, fibrosis and lipidosis increased as the degree of white striping increased from normal to severe. The results from the histopathological study were supported by the findings from proximate analysis, which revealed that the muscle fat content increased and the protein content decreased as the white striping was more severe.

The researchers concluded that the histopathological changes occurring in white striping indicate a degenerative myopathy that could be associated with increased growth rate in birds, as previously observed. Investigating the issue further, the Arkansas team compared the haematological and serological profiles of birds with normal and severe degrees of white striping in the breast fillet (5). Live, fillet and liver weights, as well as fillet yield, were

higher in birds with severe white striping than normal birds. There were no differences in various haematological parameters, including the differential leukocyte count. overall, no systemic infectious or inflammatory condition was found to be associated with white striping. The elevated serum enzyme levels confirm the muscle damage associated with the degenerative myopathy in severe cases.

No EFFECT oN CooKED MEAT QUALITy For the most recent study (6), the Arkansas researchers joined forces with Auburn Univeristy and University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign in aiming to reproduce the defect under experimental conditions. Broilers aged 59 to 63 days of four different commercial high-yielding strains (both males and females) were fed according to standard industrial or phasefeeding regimens. The carcasses were deboned at either four or six hours post-mortem, and the fillets were scored for the degree of white striping at 24 hours postmortem. About 56 per cent of the birds used in the study showed some degree of white striping with the moderate and severe categories as 47.5 and 8.3 per cent, respectively. once again, the higher degrees of white striping were related to higher cranial fillet thickness and ready-tocook weights. Fillets with severe white striping had increased b* values (yellowness) of the meat.The differences were not linked to feeding regime or chill time. The degree of white striping was not associated with any of the various meat quality parameters measured, which included pH, lightness, red colour and cook loss. The cause of and therefore prevention/treatment methods for white striping of broiler breast meat remain elusive. However, the results of this latest study confirm that there is a greater chance of higher degrees of white striping associated with heavier birds. Despite consumers stated aversion to affected products, it appears that the condition is unrelated to changes in cooked meat quality.

Poultry Industry News VARIABILITY OF CORN DDGS PROMPTS NEED TO MEASURE NUTRITIONAL PROFILES

GLoBAL - The added nutritional variability caused by the extraction of oil from corn dried distillers grains with solubles has raised the need for tools that will provide accurate estimates of the energy values of these ingredients, according to an animal science professor with the University of Minnesota. The vast majority of US ethanol plants use corn. The starch in the corn is converted into ethanol leaving dried distillers grains with solubles, or DDGS, a byproduct used primary in livestock rations. Dr Gerald Sureson, an animal science professor with the University of Minnesota, says the nutritional value of DDGS has always been fairly variable and now it's even more variable. "Probably over about the last year and a half the ethanol industry has been... Read More...

Feeding & Nutrition

Broiler Performance Affected by Nutrients, Not Soybean Source SPAIN - Broiler performance was similar when they were fed diets incorporating different sources of soybean meal when these were formulated according to analysed rather than calculated amino acid digestibility, according to new research from Spain.

A previous study by M.P. Serrano and colleagues at Ciudad Universitaria in Madrid showed that pelleting improves the performance of broilers up to 42 days of age, and that the source of soybean meal - US, Brazil or Argentina - can also have a significant impact on growth. To investigate these effects, they conducted two experiments to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of the amino acids of four commercial soybean meals from the United States (USA-1, 48.1 per cent crude protein and USA-2, 46.2 per cent crude protein), Brazil (BRA, 47.6 per cent crude pro-

tein) and Argentina (ARG, 46.3 per cent crude protein) and the effects of the inclusion of these soybean meals in diets in mash, crumble or pellet form on growth performance, total tract apparent retention of nutrients and digestive organ size in broilers reared in cages from 1 to 25 days of age. According to their latest paper published recently in Poultry Science, they found that crumbling or pelleting of the diets improved growth performance of broilers and that diets formulated with analysed rather than calculated AID of amino acids in soybean meal sources resulted in similar broiler performance. In their first experiment, the AID of lysine was higher (P<0.05) for USA-2 than BRA, with USA-1 and ARG being intermediate. Read More...

Poultry Industry News INNOVATIONS IN EGGSHELL QUALITY EVALUATION

US - Feed prices are high, profit margins are low, and so now more than ever, we must focus on ways to optimize return on investment. Eggshell damage is still a major economic loss to the commercial egg industry. By shifting one egg per hen from under-grades to the carton, we can effectively add $0.08 per hen to the bottom line, says Diamond V. All input costs have been expended but when the eggshell is cracked we have lost the offsetting income. Unfortunately, there are multiple factors affecting eggshell quality; genetics of the hen, nutrition and management of feed intake, disease challenge and equipment insult. There is a long history of methods for evaluating eggshell quality, enabling the producer to isolate and minimize the loss.Many of these have been highly variable and not accessible at the production level. Today, technology delivers to the producer new and innovative devices to document... Read More...

STRESSED BROILERS? BETAFIN NATURAL BETAINE THE CORRECT CHOICE

UK - When production stresses are a problem and eating into your profits, supplementing feed with Betafin® natural betaine from Danisco Animal Nutrition (part of DuPont®) is the natural way to maintain performance and reduce animal production costs. Betafin® natural betaine is an osmolyte, maintaining cellular water and ion balance, which spares valuable metabolic energy in the animal.This improves carcass lean deposition particularly under production stress. In broilers exposed to coccidial challenge Betafin® natural betaine improved nutrient digestibility compared to synthetic anhydrous betaine and betaineHCl products. A trial conducted at Massey University, New zealand, showed Betafin® natural betaine delivered >€11 per tonne of feed more value than betaine-HCl and ~€10 per tonne of feed more value than synthetic anhydrous betaine... Read More...

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Poultry Industry News ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AT RISK WITH POORLY DERIVED PHYTASE MATRICES

UK - Inorganic phosphorus is often the second most expensive nutrient in a diet, and consequently there is pressure to minimise dietary phosphorus safety margins. Most producers use a phytase enzyme and rely on the manufacturer’s recommended matrix value to determine how much added phosphorus can be removed from the diet, says AB Vista. AB Vista stresses the need for feed producers to be aware of the safety margins placed on phytase matrices to ensure animal performance and profitability is not compromised and to make true efficacy comparisons between the different phytase products. With many phytase matrices derived from amalgamations of growth performance and/or digestibility trials, there is growing concern among nutritionists that the matrix values applied to... Read More...

A revolution in feed performance

GM CROPS: IS EUROPEAN FARMING AT RISK?

EU - The debate over genetically modified (GM) crops in the European Union has been reignited with the launch of a new campaign hoping to halt the authorisation of 25 new GM crops in Europe, writes 5m editor, Gemma Hyland. Campaigners from protest group, 'Stop the Crop', claim that such a move would drastically change farming in Europe, leading to a big increase in pesticide use, contamination of conventional and organic crops and a further industrialisation of the countryside. The European Commission is currently considering reviving talks to approve 25 new GM crops for cultivation in Europe – including crops resistant to the pesticide RoundUp and insecticide-producing varieties of GM maize, soybean and sugarbeet, however Stop the Crop claim that GM crops are 'unnecessary, risky and profit large multinational... Read More...

Phytate is compromising your feed performance Phytate anti-nutrient effects could be costing you $7 per tonne in lost per formance.

Quantum® Blue is the proven solution Optimised for maximum phytate destruction, Quantum® Blue unlocks more value for your business than any other phytase.

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Feeding & Nutrition LOOMING THREAT OF WATER SCARCITY

GLoBAL - 22 March was World Water Day. It is held each year as a means of focusing attention on the importance of freshwater and advocating for the sustainable management of freshwater resources, writes Chris Harris. An international day to celebrate freshwater was recommended at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). The United Nations General Assembly responded by designating 22 March 1993 as the first World Water Day. Each year, World Water Day highlights a specific aspect of freshwater. This year, which is the International year of Water Cooperation, World Water Day was also dedicated to the theme of cooperation around water and is coordinated by UNESCo in... Read More...

ADDITIVES TO IMPROVE FEED QUALITY, INCREASE SUSTAINABILITY

UK - The Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population is steadily increasing and demands for food products are increasing all the time. optivite says this is placing greater demands on the world's resources and an increasing emphasis on ensuring that what we use and produce is sustainable in the long term. one of the ways we can improve the sustainability of poultry feed is to get the most out of the feed and birds.The ultimate goal is to increase feed intake and ensure that as much of the nutrients as possible are obtained from it in order to maximise performance and increase sustainability. Feed additives such as enzymes can assist in enabling the bird to extract the most nutrients from feed, whilst mycotoxin binders allow more of the crop to be safely used in feed. There are many different types of enzyme used in poultry feeds with the aim of increasing... Read More...

Poultry Industry News COCCIDIOSIS OR COCCIDIASIS?

US - At the Midwest Poultry Federation Convention in St. Paul, Minnesota, Chris Wright, Senior Editor of ThePoultrySite, asked Dr Hector Cervantes, Senior Manager of Poultry Technical Services with Phibro, to explain the difference between coccidiosis and coccidiasis in broilers. SUBCLINICAL VS CLINICAL “When we’re talking about coccidiosis, we’re talking about the clinical disease, the symptoms of the disease, where there are bloody droppings, increasing mortality, enteritis, flushing, diarrhea, etc. Things we can go in a house and notice. That’s coccidiosis. “Coccidiasis: We used to talk more about this a few years ago.What we really mean is the subclinical form of the disease. Read More...

NEW VACCINE TO BE 'HOLY GRAIL' FOR GLOBAL DISEASE CONTROL

UK - A new synthetic vaccination could signal a new era in vaccine development.

Scientists have developed an entirely synthetic vaccine that triggers response through minute protein shells. According to its developers, the development is ‘the holy grail’ of vaccines as it means that treatments can be developed without relying on the growth of live infectious virus.This will help reduce diseases spreading to disease-free areas and could also alter how viruses from the same family are fought- like polio. These latest developments are a product of collaborative research between Professor David Stuart, University of oxford, and Dr Bryan Charleston, Head of Livestock Viral Diseases Programme at The Pirbright Institute. The new methodology totally reduces the possibility of an empty shell vaccine dangerously returning to an infectious form. Read More...

Health & Welfare News LEGISLATION TO RESTRICT ANTIBIOTIC USE INTRODUCED - AGAIN

INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION RELEASES VIDEOS ON ANTIBIOTIC USE

US - Congresswoman Louise Slaughter has introduced new legislation designed to stop the overuse of antibiotics on the farm - a practice she says is accelerating the growth of antibiotic-resistance disease. The Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act (PAMTA) is being introduced just two weeks after Dr Tom Frieden, director of the US Centers for Disease Control, warned that "our strongest antibiotics don't work and patients are left with potentially untreatable infections." "Since 1977, when the FDA acknowledged the threat of antibiotic-resistant disease and called for a reduction in the use of antibiotics in animals, we have been waiting for meaningful action to protect public health," said Congresswoman Slaughter. Read More...

US - US Poultry & Egg Association has created a series of short videos on how antibiotics are used in the poultry industry to optimise bird health and how their use is regulated. Antibiotic use in poultry production has been extremely effective in enhancing bird health.To help provide answers to how and why antibiotics are used in the poultry industry, US Poultry & Egg Association has created a series of six short videos. The series is called 'Poultry Insight' and provides information about antibiotic resistance, antibiotic residues, why and when antibiotics are used, who regulates antibiotic use and what would happen if the poultry industry stopped using antibiotics. To view the videos on youTube, click here.

MINISTRY PRESSES FOR WELFARE AND HYGIENE CHANGES

NEW STUDY AIMS TO REDUCE BONE FRACTURES IN LAYING HENS

The government hopes the labelling initiative will satisfy a partnership between the Ministry of Agriculture and the World Society for the Protection of Animals. In 2008 the government signed the development of the National Humane Slaughter Agreement and by adapting slaughterhouse building regulations, training 4450 industry professionals and on-site consultancy the programme has worked to improve the handling of animals for slaughter.

The research project will be led by Drs John Tarlton and Michael Toscano from the University of Bristol's School of Veterinary Sciences and Dr Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova in the University's Department of Engineering Mathematics.

BRAzIL â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Recent government efforts to improve animal welfare at transport and slaughter have been updated with a recent announcement of a new meat labelling scheme.

UK - Skeletal health in laying hens is a major welfare and economic problem with up to 80 per cent of hens suffering bone breakages in some free range systems. A new three-year study hopes to reduce the fracture rates in laying hens thanks to a grant of ÂŁ532,000 funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and supported by industrial partner, Noble Foods.

overriding Brazilian welfare legislation comes from a joint EU and Brazil agreement that shaped policy to improve animal welfare in the country from birth to slaughter.

Collisions are believed to be the principle cause of keel bone fractures in free range systems (FRS) but the difficulty in observing breaks as they occur prevent a clear understanding of the determining factors.

Treatment and conditions of animals during haulage are included in the legislation.

With the 2012 EU ban on battery cage systems, as many as 30M hens will be...

Poultry Industry News CHINESE COMPANIES, HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL SIGN MOUS

CHINA - At a recent ceremony held at the Iowa State Capitol, government officials from the province of Hebei, People’s Republic of China and the state of Iowa witnessed signing of Memorandums of Understanding between three Hebei companies and HyLine International. officials from Shijiazhuang Huamu Poultry Industry Company, Hebei Huayu Poultry Company and Hebei Fanyai Investment Company participated in the signing along with Hy-Line. The agreements were to commit to strong business cooperation between Hy-Line International and the companies. Among those in attendance were Mr Bill Northey, Iowa’s Secretary of Agriculture, and Mr Shen xiaoping,Vice Governor of Hebei Provincial People’s Government. Read More...

Breeding & Genetics GREAT POTENTIAL TO EXPAND CHICKEN PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

SoUTHERN AFRICA - With southern African countries importing substantial volumes of chicken meat, there is great potential for their own production to double or even treble over the next few years, according to Pieter oosthuysen, regional manager for Cobb. "There are about 150 million people in the Southern African developing countries, with most not self-sufficient in chicken production and competing with imports that affect local meat prices through oversupply," said Mr oosthuysen. If the same rate of chicken consumption of South Africa is applied to Namibia, the current production would need to increase three fold over the next few years to meet the demand. The biggest limiting factors in developing these markets are lack of infrastructure, shortages of... Read More...

STUDY LOOKS AT WHY CHICKENS OVEREAT

UK - The welfare of poultry could be improved by a discovery about how chickens regulate their appetites, according to new research from the University of Edinburgh. University scientists have identified how a chickenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s genetic make-up can affect the signals sent from its stomach to its brain that tell a chicken when it has had enough to eat. INSENSITIVITy To BEING FULL Poultry farmers often have to restrict food for chickens because some birds are insensitive to feelings of fullness and can overeat, affecting their ability to reproduce. The study could make it easier to develop methods to develop diets that reduce excess growth more naturally in these birds. Read More...

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Poultry Industry News INVESTMENT IN TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING FOR AVIAGEN

GLoBAL - over the last 50 years the poultry industry has changed dramatically, there is no denying that. Advances made in technology have played a big role in this. At an industry level, Aviagen has been responsible for a number of firsts, including lixiscopes to look at leg strength, oximeters to test respiratory systems and the implementation of genomic selection in the commercial breeding programme. Now though, consumer technology is crossing the boundary into business. More and more poultry producers rely on technology such as smartphones and tablets to manage their business and contacts. Recognising this trend,Aviagen developed a Ross App, which was initially launched in the UK and was recently followed by a European version, such has been the demand. Compatible with phones and tablets running Android or Apple operating systems and with a PC and Mac version also available, the App covers the Ross European Performance objectives for the Ross 308, Ross 708 and Ross PM3... Read More...

HUBBARD GRAND PARENT DISTRIBUTOR MEETING HELD IN BANGKOK

THAILAND - on Monday, 11 March, Hubbard organised a special Grand Parent Distributor Meeting, for which the attendees came from all over the world. This special event was held in the 5-star Banyan Tree Hotel in Bangkok and focused on “Less Feed, More Meat”, the new theme of Hubbard that will be introduced at the international Poultry Exhibition VIV Asia on 13-15 March 2013. FoCUS oN “LESS FEED, MoRE MEAT” Hubbard’s focus on "Less Feed, More Meat" is totally in line with the "Natural Concept" of Groupe Grimaud which was officially launched end of 2012, embracing the Groupe’s philosophy on how to feed the world in the decades to follow in a sustainable way. It outlines the ways in which Groupe Grimaud and its companies develop and implement best practices in the genetic selection and production of animal protein to feed a growing world population. Read More...

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Poultry Industry News CHICKEN FARMERS OF CANADA RECOGNISED FOR ON-FARM FOOD SAFETY

CANADA - Chicken Farmers of Canada (CFC) has been presented with the first ever Letter of Recognition under Canada's on-Farm Food Safety Recognition Programme (oFFSRP). Agriculture Minister Gerry Ritz said: "on behalf of the Harper Government I would like to congratulate the Chicken Farmers of Canada for the successful implementation of this food safety programme. "By working together to improve the management of food safety risks at the farm level, we are strengthening Canada’s food safety system." The CFC is the first national organisation to achieve this recognition. "This is a major milestone for Chicken Farmers of Canada and a source of great pride in being the first commodity to receive this recognition," said Dave Janzen, CFC Chair. Read More...

SPOTLIGHT ON POULTRY CRC’S PROGRAM 3: SAFE AND QUALITY FOOD PRODUCTION

AUSTRALIA - Dr Pat Blackall, Principal Research Fellow with Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation at The University of Queensland, manages the Safe and Quality Food Production programme for the Poultry CRC. This programme's major challenge, as its name suggests, is to maximise food quality and safety for consumers of poultry products. Food safety is a key issue for all food industries – ozFoodNet reported that cases of food-borne illness in 2010 represented a cost to the Australian economy in the vicinity of 1.2 billion dollars. Dr Blackall explained the concept behind this program, "In the onset of the second round Poultry CRC, the major concerns for... Read More...

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As the mite attempt to remove Fossilshield from their skin, the powder begins to scratch away their waxy outer layer, exposing the fatty tissue underneath. The powder then dries this tissue, killing the insect naturally.

There is considerable potential for fresh faeces to transmit Campylobacter jejuni within and between flocks for six days, according to Hanover University researchers, and this six-day span should be considered when poultry manure is applied to land as organic fertiliser.

UK - There are many red mite control products on the market, however, Fossilshield is a non-toxic diatomaceous earth and is unique in its ability to accept an electrostatic charge due to its high resistance to moisture, according to PCS Poultry.

The Fossil Shield + PCS Poultry professional on-site service provides an electrostatic charge application allowing the powder to grip and wrap around different surfaces and materials, vertical or horizontal, and provides an easier treatment solution to areas that are awkward to reach by hand. There is no active ingredient in Fossil Shield...

GERMANy - A laboratory study has revealed that Campylobacter may survive as long as six days in fresh hen manure, presenting a risk factor in the spread of this bacterium, which is associated with food-borne disease.

Infected laying hens regularly excrete large amounts of C.jejuni with their faeces, which represent a reservoir of infection within the flock and for animals in the region, according to M.F.M. Ahmed and colleagues at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation in their paper in Poultry Science recently. Read More...

Poultry Industry News NATION'S FIRST ENRICHED COLONY BARN EGGS NOW AVAILABLE IN CALIFORNIA

GLoBAL - The use of formaldehyde can reduce hatchability, explains Roger Banwell, Hatchery Development Manager for Petersime. Fumigation with formaldehyde is a widespread and highly effective tool in the battle against contamination by viruses, bacteria and mould in hatcheries. However, it is not entirely without risk for the developing embryo, and a number of conditions (timing, ventilation, humidity, and temperature) need to be met in order to avoid that the gas adversely affects your hatchability. In a series of articles, Petersime will explain why formaldehyde may reduce hatchability, look at methods of improving all aspects of the practice of fumigation and investigate alternative solutions. Numerous studies (Cadirci, 1997; Nwagu, 1997; yildirim et al, 2003) have indicated evidence of... Read More...

WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL STATIC PRESSURE WHEN USING AIR INLETS?

US - There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to the level of negative pressure when using air inlets during cold weather, according to Michael Czarick and Brian Fairchild of the University of Georgia. In the series, 'Poultry Housing Tips', they explain a few general concepts to keep in mind. one of the most common questions producers have about ventilating poultry houses during cold weather is â&#x20AC;&#x153;What is the optimal static pressure?â&#x20AC;? The short answer to this important question is between 0.05" and 0.12". The range of acceptable static pressures is quite wide because of the fact that there is no single correct static pressure that can be used in all houses, under all circumstances that will produce optimal environmental conditions with a minimum of fuel usage. The optimal static pressure depends on a variety of factors which include, inlet design and placement, inlet opening size, inside/outside... Read More...

Housing & Equipment LAYING HEN MORTALITY BY SYSTEM â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A WELFARE GUIDE?

UK - The production system is not necessarily a good guide to the welfare of laying hens, according to David Burch of octagon Services in the UK - whatever the system, good management is essential. An excellent paper in Veterinary Record by Weeks and others (2012) reviewed the levels of hen mortality over the laying period by different systems of housing, writes David Burch, BVetMed, FRCVS, in a 'Viewpoint', published in the same journal. He continues that they showed that the highest hen mortality was found in free-range and organic flocks, closely followed by barns; almost double that of caged flocks. Have we really got our assessment of what is good welfare right? The mortality of hens in cages over usually a 52-week laying period was 5.39 per cent and the mortality in free-range hens was 9.52 per cent, 77 per cent higher. The variability in flock mortality or... Read More...

OUTSTANDING SUCCESS FOR PERICOLI AT VIV ASIA

ITALy - Termotecnica Pericoli reports that, once again, the recent VIV Asia 2013 show in Bangkok,Thailand, was a very successful event in every respect from the high attendance at the Pericoli stand and the quality of the visitors, with a number of strategic and in-depth discussions being held with a variety of clients and customers, both existing and prospective. The Pericoli stand had a great visual impact while showcasing the New and newly re-introduced and upgraded product lines such as: - New PERIclima Range of climatic controls and systems - agriTERM and New easyTERM heater - New range of extraction fans. These new and improved products represent the continued company philosophy of... Read More...

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Poultry Industry News FUMIGATION: HOW FORMALDEHYDE CAN AFFECT HATCHABILITY

PAS REFORM APPOINTS NEW SALES DIRECTOR FOR WESTERN EUROPE

EU - Pas Reform has further bolstered its sales force in Western Europe, with the strategic appointment of Erwin Prinzen as Sales Director Western Europe. Mr Prinzen takes up his new role from March 1, when he will continue to strengthen Pas Reformâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s presence across Western Europe, with specific responsibility for the sales and marketing of hatchery automation systems (HAS) worldwide, increasing demand for which has prompted this key appointment for Pas Reformâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sales team. With core responsibility for key account management, Erwin will also identify and engage new business opportunities in his role to actively promote, stimulate and facilitate local representation and distributorships. Previously with AQUA Industrial Water treatment BV, a former Stork company, and... Read More...

Incubation & Hatching POULTRY HATCHERY, FEED MILL PROJECT SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHED

LIBERIA - BRAC Liberia successfully launched a poultry programme, Poultry Hatchery and Feed Mill Project, in Neekreen, Buchanan, Grand Bassa County, Liberia. According to Feedmachinery.com, the groundbreaking project, the first hatchery and feed mill since the civil war, engages 40 staff and 200 community livestock and poultry promoters, and will directly benefit 300 farmers.

JAMESWAY APPOINTMENT TO R&D/ENGINEERING TEAMS

CANADA - Jamesway Incubator Company has recently appointed Scott Galea to the position of Engineering Manager. Mr Galea was originally hired as a Mechanical Engineer to augment the Research & Development team. Scott has been involved in the development of Jamesway’s newest single stage system, the Platinum 2.0™ with ThinkWise™ Technology, recently launched at the IPPE Show in Atlanta.

BRAC-Liberia International a Bangladeshi welfare organization, has apportioned over USD$2.5 million for the production of poultry in Liberia and last year recieved a grant for the project.

In his most recent promotion, Mr Galea will lead the Engineering team as they work closely with the R&D group on future projects while supporting our Production team in the manufacture of the new Platinum 2.0 machines.

In his speech, BRAC Liberia's country representative, Mohammed Abdus Salam said that BRAC identified the absence of poultry feed... Read More...

Mr Galea brings a decade of project and design experience in the automotive and medical industries, primarily with metal forming and injection...

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Poultry Industry News ANALYSTS PROJECT NEGATIVE BRAZILIAN PROTEIN OUTLOOK

BRAzIL - With greatest exposure to high grain prices, Brazilian pork and chicken sectors are expected to feel a greater squeeze this year as opposed to the more grass oriented beef sector. This is according to a new report by market analysts at Fitch Ratings. Their report, 2013 outlook: Brazil Protein looks at large processor liquidity, supply and demand factors and consumption metrics concluding that protein producers will be heavily challenged throughout 2013. Viktoria Krane, a director and analyst at Fitch Ratings and co-author of the report said the meat industry is in for a rough twelve months. "To varying degrees, all Brazilian protein producers are exposed to risks including volatile commodity prices, unfavourable currency fluctuation, potential disease outbreak, and regional export bans," Ms Krane said. Read More...

RECORD ATTENDANCE FOR IPC MEETING IN BANGKOK

THAILAND - Poultry industry representatives from 18 countries gathered in Bangkok on 11 and 12 March for the first-semester meeting of 2013 of the International Poultry Council (IPC). Attendance for the meeting set a new record for the organisation with near on 100 delegates from Thailand, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, the UK, the US, China, Russia, Singapore, Brazil, India, Pakistan, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Honduras and Belgium. Hosted by the Thai Broiler Processing Exporters Association, the meeting commenced just prior to the opening of the VIV Asia 2013 show at the Bangkok Trade and Exhibition Centre. Members of the IPC heard a full slate of presentations on the global poultry industry outlook...

Processing & Packaging NISSUI SETS UP SECOND CHICKEN PROCESSING PLANT IN CHINA

CHINA - Japanese processing company Nissui began processed chicken operations at a new plant in Hebei province.The plant will serve as Nissui's second centre of production for processed chicken products in China. The goals Nissui wishes to achieve with the new plant, in conjunction with the existing plant in Beijing, are qualitative change and quantitative expansion in the chicken processing business. Nissui began importing processed chicken products from Anhui in 1992, which marked the start of its processed chicken products operations in China. In 1998, Nissui, together with Beijing Huadu Broiler Co., an affiliate of the Beijing Huadu Group, established the Beijing Jiayi Food Factory (No. 1 plant) in the Changping District of Beijing, and with it began fullscale processed chicken production in China. In 2005, the two companies brought the No. 2 plant on line, which put production capacity at around 20,000 tons per annum.

LIMA SMALL GAME SEPARATORS

FRANCE - More and more game such as quails, guinea fowls for their eggs, and rabbit for their high quality lean meat, are meeting increasing success on the market. Consequently to their slaughtering and cut up, quantities of trimmings and coâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;products are available for meat recovery. The RM 30 S separator, with an input capacity up to 400kg per hour, is ideal for such small poultry meat processors production. It can process at high yield, quails and rabbit carcasses, as well as guinea fowls.The recovered meat is of a nice fibrous meat texture, ideal for further processing in patties, hamburger, sausages, etc. It is easy to run in continuous operation, hygienic, no pre-breaker is needed. Read More...

STRONG PERFORMANCE FROM CHERKIZOVO GROUP

RUSSIA - Russian meat integrated meat and poultry processor Cherkizovo has seen revenues increased by 14 per cent in rubles, and increased by seven per cent on a US Dollar basis to $1,581.7 million in 2012 from $1,472.6 million for 2011. Revenues increased by 11 per cent to $436.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2012 from $393.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2011, and increased by 11 per cent on a rouble currency basis. Profits rose by 37 per cent in rubles, and increased by 29 per cent on a US Dollar basis to $314.6 million from $243.4 million for 2011 with EBITDA in the fourth quarter of 2012 increasing by 17 per cent to $75.4 million from $64.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2011, an increase of 17 per cent on a ruble currency basis. Read More...

Artículo

í Noticias y Análisis

Articulos

Multimedia

Directorio de Empresas Eventos Acerca de

Perspectivas del sector de pollo en México

Un informe reciente del Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos, (USDA GAIN), indica que no obstante el brote de influenza aviar altamente patógena H7N3 en México, no ha cambiado el pronóstico para la producción de carne de pollo de engorda para 2013.

bienvenido Chris Wright

Editor principal, Elsitioavicola.com chris.wright@5mpublishing.com

Algunos de los temas más importantes que se han presentado en el sitio recientemente incluyen: • Manejo de bebederos

• Ascitis en pollos

• Mercado de huevo en Asia

El USDA había pronosticado un crecimiento muy leve de solo 0.5%, a 2.975 millones de toneladas métricas para México antes del brote de influenza aviar. El brote en 2013 en los estados de Guanajuato y Jalisco afectó a aves progenitoras, reproductoras pesadas, pollos de engorda y gallinas ponedoras comerciales. Mientras que el USDA cree que el brote de influenza aviar altamente patógena es significativo para el sector de pollo mexicano, hasta el momento no cree que es necesario cambiar los pronósticos anteriores, si la situación permanece bajo control. La Unión Nacional de Avicultores (UNA) es más optimista en su pronóstico para la avicultura mexicana en 2013, y calcula una producción de 3 millones de toneladas métricas de carne de pollo, indicando que el sector podrá recuperarse rápidamente. En este mismo informe del USDA GAIN, publicado a fines de marzo, cambió su cálculo de la producción de carne de pollo en México en 2012. El pronóstico inicial de 2.965 millones de toneladas métricas ha bajado a 2.958 millones de toneladas métricas, así como se obtuvo más información de la UNA. La continua consolidación del sector de pollo ha ayudado a la industria en sí amortiguar los elevados precios de los alimentos balanceados el año pasado. Además, el brote de influenza aviar H7N3 en el estado de Jalisco en 2012 no tuvo ningún efecto sobre la producción de carne de pollo ni su disponibilidad. Lea más aquí

ElSitioAvicola.com OPORTUNIDADES PARA APRENDER

Este 2013 se está perfilando como un año importante para las conferencias avícolas técnicas y científicas en Latinoamérica y España, así como en otras partes del mundo. Entre las muchas conferencias gremiales que se llevan a cabo todos los años, este año parece que las conferencias científicas son especialmente importantes. En 2013 se llevarán a cabo muchas conferencias organizadas por las asociaciones veterinarias, ya sea a nivel nacional o internacional. La xxxVIII Convención Anual de ANECA (Asociación Nacional de Especialistas en Ciencias Avícolas de México) tomará lugar del 1 al 4 de mayo en Ixtapa zihuatanejo. El 10º Seminario de Actualización Avícola de AMEVEA (Asociación de Médicos Veterinarios Especialistas en Avicultura) de Entre Ríos tomará lugar en Colón, Argentina, del 14 al 16 de mayo. Lea más aquí

NUEVOS REQUISITOS SANITARIOS EN ARGENTINA

El Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (Senasa) aprobó su Resolución N° 106/2013, que establece nuevos requisitos para el registro y la habilitación sanitaria de establecimientos avícolas, que se incorporan a la Resolución Senasa N° 542/2010, con el fin de adecuar la normativa en función del crecimiento del sector avícola. La nueva norma, vigente a partir de su publicación en el Boletín oficial el 19 de marzo pasado, establece nuevas condiciones para la ubicación geográfica de las producciones avícolas comerciales (granjas, plantas de faena de aves, ovoproductos y subproductos avícolas) y requisitos para la ampliación de granjas ya instaladas. Asimismo, se incorpora el concepto de "complejos productivos", a fin de facilitar la instalación y el funcionamiento de un grupo de granjas de producción o reproducción a distancias menores a las establecidas en la normativa vigente... Lea más aquí

SE REITERA QUE NO SE USAN HORMONAS EN PRODUCCIÓN DE POLLOS

Frente a las opiniones de la modelo colombiana, Natalia Paris, la Federación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia, Fenavi, reitera que en la cría de pollos no se utilizan hormonas, y que el rápido crecimiento de estas aves es la respuesta a una alimentación diseñada a base de maíz, sorgo y soya y al adecuado manejo que se les brinda. Al respecto, el presidente ejecutivo de Fenavi, Andrés Fernando Moncada zapata, dijo que las declaraciones de Natalia París son “todo un despropósito, porque carecen de fundamentos científicos para aseverar cosas como que el consumo de pollo es causa de homosexualismo infantil”. El dirigente gremial también enfatiza que: “Estas supuestas hormonas no existen en el mercado; si se consiguieran, no se podrían utilizar porque su aplicación resultaría en extremo costosa...

Lea más aquí

Poultry Industry News

El mejor sistema de producción de huevo ANÁLISIS – Se compararon tres diferentes sistemas de producción de huevo – jaulas convencionales, aviarios y colonias enriquecidas – para evaluar el rendimiento e impacto ambiental de cada uno. Escribe Chris Wright, editor principal de El Sitio Avícola, desde la Conferencia Avícola del Medio oeste en Minnesota, EUA. Los productores de huevo de Estados Unidos saben que van a llegar los cambios en la forma en que se producen huevos. Eso está claro, dada la legislación en Europa que prohibió las jaulas convencionales a partir de 2012, así como la presión por parte de grupos de defensa de los derechos de los animales en EUA. Lo que no está claro es qué va a pasar exactamente o cuándo. Con eso en mente, se ha formado un grupo que se llama la Coalición para el Suministro Confiable de

Huevo. Este grupo está evaluando los diferentes sistemas de producción de huevo para ver cuál es el mejor realmente. La coalición está analizando cada uno de los sistemas con cinco objetivos de sustentabilidad en mente:

• Inocuidad alimentaria.

• Salubridad de los trabajadores.

• Salud y bienestar de las gallinas. • Impacto ambiental.

• Asequibilidad de alimentos.

Para lograr esto se está llevando a cabo un estudio a largo plazo y a gran escala para comparar tres

ElSitioAvicola.com diferentes sistemas de producción de huevo: jaulas convencionales, aviarios y colonias enriquecidas. El estudio está trabajando con estos sistemas a nivel comercial, a gran escala, para ver cómo los sistemas responden a las condiciones reales de producción: 193,000 gallinas en jaulas convencionales; 50,000 gallinas en aviarios; 47,000 gallinas en colonias enriquecidas. Profesores e investigadores de varias universidades están llevando a cabo el estudio. Se han recopilado los datos de la primera parvada estudiada (de abril de 2011 a junio de 2012). RESULTADoS DE RENDIMIENTo El Dr. Darrin Karcher de la Universidad Estatal de Michigan presentó los datos acerca del rendimiento de las gallinas. En general se encontró que las colonias enriquecidas tuvieron los mejores resultados, mientras que los aviarios tuvieron los peores. Para hacer una buena evaluación se decidió usar una sola línea de ponedoras y muchos de los factores de rendimiento que evaluaron se compararon con los estándares de la línea genética. En algunos casos se lograron los estándares de la línea, pero en muchos casos no (ni en las gallinas ni en las jaulas convencionales). Las gallinas en jaulas convencionales tuvieron la menor mortalidad y la mejor ganancia de peso, mientras que estos parámetros fueron los peores en aviarios. Las gallinas en colonias enriquecidas mostraron la mejor producción de huevo y conversión de alimentos. El uso de nidos para poner los huevos es uno de los aspectos más importantes de bienestar que tienen los aviarios y las colonias enriquecidas, y el estudio confirmó que las gallinas usan los nidos entre 93% y 96% del tiempo en colonias enriquecidas, mientras que en los aviarios se usaron el 89% del tiempo. El uso de perchas y de baños de polvo también es importante desde la perspectiva del bienestar aviar. Pero, la investigación mostró que el uso de perchas y de baños de polvo en los dos sistemas alternativos fue mucho menor de lo esperado. Sí se usaron, pero

no tanto como se suponía. RESULTADoS AMBIENTALES Siguiendo la presentación del Dr. Karcher, el Dr. Hongwei xin de la Universidad Estatal de Iowa presentó la evaluación de los aspectos ambientales de este mismo estudio. Se evaluó la calidad del aire del galpón, ambiente térmico, emisiones de aire y uso de energía. Es importante observar que estos parámetros también se aplicaron a la gallinaza almacenada. En cuanto a la temperatura y la humedad relativa, los tres sistemas cumplieron bien y las condiciones se mantuvieron cómodas para las gallinas. Fue en términos de la calidad del aire que los aviarios mostraron problemas con amoniaco y polvo. Pero eso tiene algo de lógica, ya que en los aviarios una importante parte del galpón es piso con cama. Por ende se observó que había más partículas (polvo) y mayores niveles de amoniaco que en las jaulas convencionales o colonias enriquecidas. En realidad, sin embargo, fue la gallinaza almacenada la que produjo la mayoría de las emisiones de amoniaco en cada uno de los sistemas. ¿CUÁL ES MEJoR? Los Drs. Karcher y xin tuvieron mucho cuidado en no hacer recomendaciones sobre cuál de los sistemas es el mejor. Simplemente informaron los resultados (muchos más de los que incluimos aquí) y dejarán que los avicultores tomen la decisión final, dependiendo de lo que cada uno quiera lograr. Una observación personal es que mientras los aviarios mostraron los peores resultados, que llevaría a muchos avicultores a rechazar estos sistemas, una interpretación más realista es que estos sistemas requieren de mayor manejo detallado que las jaulas convencionales o las colonias enriquecidas. No necesariamente quiere decir que es un sistema peor, sino que requiere de un buen manejo para poder lograr los mejores parámetros de producción.

INDUSTRY EVENTS NIAA Annual Conference 2013 Louisville, Kentucky, US, 15th to 18th April

The theme of the annual conference of the US National Institute for Animal Agriculture (NIAA) is 'Animal Agriculture's Vision to Feed the World: Merging Values and Technology'. There will be a Special FMD Symposium on 17 to 18 April 2013.

XXXVIII ANECA Annual Convention - Mexican Association of Poultry Science Specialists Ixtapa Zihuatanejo, Mexico, 1st to 4th May

"Toward the Revindication of the Industry" is the theme of this event.

XIV Poultry Symposium of South Brazil Chapeco, SC, Brazil, 9th to 11th April

The Symposium will discuss progress in the poultry industry, new technologies, discoveries and demands of this market. The Poultry Brazil South Fair will take place at the same time.

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Each month we bring you the most important poultry industry events taking place around the world For more events please visit www.thepoultrysite.com/events

INDUSTRY EVENTS IFFA 2013

Frankfurt, Germany, 4th to 9th May

The organisers say that IFFA is the leading trade fair for the meat industry and the world's most innovative patform for investment goods for the meat processing sector.

In 2013, the manufacturers will show their products and technologies for the entire meat-processing chain - from slaughter and cutting via processing to packaging and sales.

2nd International Poultry Meat Congress Antalya, Turkey, 24th to 28th April

The 2nd meeting is organised in conjunction with the Turkish Poultry Meat Producers and Breeders Association, BESD-BIR. The first one, in May 2011, attracted over 700 participants.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS HEALTH & WELFARE

Ceva Animal Health Tel: +33 (0) 557 554 040 Fax: +33 (0) 557 554 198 info@ceva.com www.ceva.com

Areas: Pharmaceuticals Vaccines Equipment:Vaccination and Medical) Feed: Additives

CEVA SantĂŠ Animale is a global veterinary health company focused on the research, development, production and marketing of pharmaceutical products and vaccines for pets, livestock, swine and poultry.

MSD Animal Health Tel: +31 485 587961 Fax: +31 485 587643 Fredric.David@merck.com marc.Coulier@merck.com www.msd-animal-health.com

Areas: Feed: Safety Products Feed: Additives Feed Cleaning/Disinfectants Pharmaceuticals

MSD Animal Health offers veterinarians, farmers, pet owners and governments the widest range of veterinary pharmaceuticals, vaccines and health management solutions and services

Zoetis Tel: +1 919 941 5185 pgp.marketing@pfizer.com www.animalhealth.pfizer.com

Areas: Pharmaceuticals

zoetis has developed and launched 18 new veterinary drugs since 2000, including several flagship products today considered indispensible.

Aviagen Tel: +1 256 890 3800 Fax: +1 256 890 3919 info@aviagen.com www.aviagen.com

Areas: Breeding Genetics

BREEDING & GENETICS

The Aviagen Group is the global market leader in poultry genetics. As the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s premier poultry breeding company, Aviagen develops pedigree lines for the production of commercial broilers and turkeys.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS To feature your business in here please contact alex.guy@5mpublishing.com For more businesses please visit www.thepoultrysite.com/directory

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS Areas: Breeding Genetics

Cobb broiler breeding stock has the sustained advantage of the most efficient feed conversion and highest potential for profitability for the company’s global customers.

Grimaud Frères Sélection Areas: Tel: +33 (0)2 41 70 36 90 Breeding Fax: +33 (0)2 41 70 31 67 Genetics grimaudfreres@ grimaudfreres.com www.grimaudfreres.com

Grimaud Frères are a multi-species selection and breeding operator in the service of the watefowls and festive poultry field.

Hubbard Tel: +33 296 79 63 70 Fax: +33 296 74 04 71 contact.emea@ hubbardbreeders.com www.hubbardbreeders.com

Areas: Breeding Genetics

Hubbard provides solutions that focus on the economic performance, health and well-being of breeding stock. Hubbard specializes in state-of-the-art selection programs to improve the performance of their pure lines.

Hy-Line Tel: +1 515 225 6030 Fax: +1 515 225 6030 info@hyline.com www.hyline.com

Areas: Breeding Genetics

Hy-Line International is a world leader in poultry layer genetics with a rich history of innovation. Hy-Line was the first poultry breeding company to apply the principles of hybridization to commercial layerbreeding.

Novogen Tel: +33 296 58 12 60 Fax: +33 296 58 12 61 contact.novogen@ novogen-layers www.novogen-layers.com

Areas: Breeding Genetics

NoVoGEN offers a new alternative giving the egg producers more choice and possibilities to fit their specific market requirements.

Indbro Poultry Tel: +91 (40) 241 5594 drkotaiah@ indbropoultry.com www.indbro.com

Areas: Breeding Genetics

Started off as a Broiler breeding company, with pure line birds developed and bred under Indian Climate, feed & management since 1990.

Cobb Vantress Tel: +1 479 524 3166 Fax: +1 479 524 3043 info@cobb-vantress.com www.cobb-vantress.com

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS

CID LINES Tel: +32 5721 7877 Fax: +32 5721 7879 info@cidlines.com www.cidlines.com

Areas: Biosecurity Cleaning Feed: Additives Health and Safety Pest Control Welfare

PCS Poultry Services Tel: +44 (0) 1386 701 812 Fax: +44 (0) 1386 701 376 admin@pcspoultry.com www.pcspoultry.com

Areas: Biosecurity Hygiene Cleaning Services Pest Control

BIOSECURITY & HYGIENE

CID LINES offers VIRoCID, the most powerful disinfectant, which is part of a hygiene program for poultry, written by hygiene specialists.VIRoCID has a proven record in preventing and fighting disease outbreaks for many years.

FoSSIL SHIELD + PCS Poultry, the solution to your red mite problem. Unique professional on-site electrostatic application with Fossil shield, a non-toxic natural diatomaceous powder.

FEEDING & NUTRITION

AB Vista Tel: +44 (0) 1672 517650 Fax: +44 (0) 1672 517660 info@abvista.com www.abvista.com

Areas: Feed Feed: Additives Feed: Nutrition

AB Vista is an integrated international supplier of new generation micro-ingredients for animal feeds providing visionary solutions for your agribusiness.

Biomin Tel: +43 2782 803 0 Fax: +43 2782 803 30 office@biomin.net www.biomin.net

Areas: Feed Feed: Additives Feed: Nutrition

BIoMIN offers sustainable animal nutrition products such as quality feed additives and premixes, which include solutions for mycotoxin risk management, a groundbreaking natural growth promoting concept as well as other specific solutions

Danisco Tel: +44 (0) 1672 517777 Fax: +44 (0) 1672 517778 info.animalnutrition@ danisco.com www.danisco.com/ animalnutrition

Areas: Feed: Additives

Danisco’s ingredients are used globally in a wide range of industries – from bakery, dairy and beverages to animal feed, laundry detergents and bioethanol – to enable functional, economic and sustainable solutions

Global Bio-Chem Areas: Tel: (852) 2838 8155 Feed Fax: (852) 2838 8433 Feed: Additives contact@globalbiochem.com www.globalbiochem.com

Global Bio-Chem Technology Group is a pioneer of corn refined and corn based products. our products are utilized in feed products, food, beverage, cosmetics, textiles, pharmaceuticals and chemicals industry worldwide.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS Kerry Ingredients & Flavours EMEA Tel: +31 36 523 3100 Fax: +31 36 523 3110 clive.girdler@kerry.com www.kerry.com

Areas: Feed Feed: Additives Feed: Safety

Kerry Animal Nutrition aims to identify and commercialise existing Kerry ingredients and technologies to create potential world beaters in animal nutrition and health

Novus International Tel: +1 314 576 8886 Fax: +1 314 576 2148 contact@novusint.com www.novusint.com

Areas: Feed Feed: Additives Feed: Nutrition

Novus International is a global leader of animal health and nutrition programs for the poultry, pork, beef, dairy aquaculture and companion animal industries.

Optivite Tel: +44 (0) 1909 537 380 Fax: +44 (0) 1909 478 919 info@optivite.com www.optivite.com

Areas: Feed: Additives Feed: Nutrition

optivite specialises in the design, development, manufacture and distribution of nonhazardous, drug free ingredients and additives for the maintenance and enhancement of feed quality.

HOUSING & EQUIPMENT Agrilamp Tel: +44 (0) 1332 547 118 Fax: +44 (0) 208 439 1538 info@agrilamp.com www.agrilamp.com

Areas: Equipment: Lighting & Electrical

AgriLampâ&#x201E;˘ is a leading LED manufacturer with years of experience in designing and manufacturing the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most innovative LED (light-emitting diode) lighting solutions for the agricultural industry.

Big Dutchman Tel: +49 4447 801 0 Fax: +49 4447 801 237 big@bigdutchman.de www.bigdutchman.com

Areas: Equipment: Breeding Equipment: Drinking Equipment: Egg Equipment: Feeding Equipment: Weighing

The poultry equipment supplier for layer management, breeder management, poultry growing and poultry climate control.

Space-Ray Heaters Tel: +44 (0) 1473 830 551 Fax: +44 (0) 1473 832 055 info@spaceray.co.uk www.spaceray.co.uk

Areas: Equipment: Heaters

SPACE-RAy manufactures high efficiency infra-red radiant heating solutions (also known as direct gas fired radiant heating), for industrial, commercial, agricultural or leisure purposes

Termotechnica Pericoli Tel: +39 0182 589006 Fax: +39 0182 589005 termotecnica@pericoli.com www.pericoli.com

Areas: Climate Control Climate Management Heating, Cooling and Ventilation

A global market leader specializing in climate technology since 1967 in design, manufacture and distribution of efficient/quality heating, cooling and ventilation equipment and systems for the poultry industry with a full range of products to meet all specification and applications.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS Vencomatic Tel: +31 (0) 497 517380 Fax: +31 (0) 497 517364 info@vencomatic.com www.vencomatic.com

Areas: Equipment: Breeding Equipment: Drinking Equipment: Egg handling and grading Equipment: Nesting

Vencomatic is a global supplier of innovative and welfare friendly housing solutions for the poultry sector.The flexible and turn key solutions of Vencomatic offer large possibilities for a wide range of poultry production concepts.

INCUBATION & HATCHING

EggTester.com (officially known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;orka Food Technologyâ&#x20AC;?) is a leading worldwide manufacturer of egg-quality testing equipment to be used extensively in QC laboratories operated by egg producers, packers, universities, regulatory authorities, and primary breeders.

Orka Food Technology Tel: +852 8120 9245 Fax: +852 2802 7112 info@orkatech.com www.eggtester.com

Areas: Equipment: Egg Equipment: Hatching Equipment: Incubation

Pas Reform Tel: +31 314 659 111 Fax: +31 314 652 572 info@pasreform.com www.pasreform.com

Areas: Equipment: Incubation Equipment: Egg Equipment: Environment Equipment: Hatching Waste Handling

Pas Reform is an international company, which has specialized in the development of innovative hatchery technologies for the poultry sector since 1919. Products and Services: Incubators, Hatchery Automation Systems, Hatchery Climate Control Systems and Hatchery Management Training.

Petersime Tel: +32 9 388 96 11 Fax: +32 9 388 84 58 info@petersime.com www.petersime.com

Areas: Equipment: Hatching Equipment: Incubation

Petersime is a world leader in the development of incubators. hatchery equipment and turnkey hatcheries.

EVENTS & EXHIBITIONS

VIV Tel: +31 30 295 28 98 viv@vnuexhibitions.com www.viv.net

Areas: Events & Exhibitions

With 7 VIV exhibitions all over the world VIV trade exhibitions are recognized for high trade quality in the professional industry.With over a 1,000 international companies exhibiting and visitors from over 140 countries the VIV-shows are also considered as very international.