The PoultrySite Digital - May 2013 - Issue 29

EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AT YOUR FINGERTIPS MAY 2013 – ISSUE 29

Role of Animal Agriculture in Beating Antimicrobial Resistance

A recent conference in Thailand examined the development of antimicrobial resistance, the roles played by human and veterinary medicine and how animal agriculture can contribute to the solution, including a success story from Europe. Senior editor, Jackie Linden, reports.

The Swann Report published by the UK government in 1969 was among the first warnings of the emer-

gence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. It recommended banning the use of human therapeutic antibiotics as growth promoters for animals and this led to the start of restrictions in the 1990s, according to Professor Trevor Bagust, President of the World Veterinary Poultry Association.

In his introduction as moderator of the closing conference on antimicrobial resistance at the VIV Animal This feature is continued on page 4

NOVEDAD: Enfoque latinoamericano del editor principal de ElSitioAvicola, Chris Wright

May 2013 – Issue 29

COVER STORY

Role of Animal Agriculture in Beating Antimicrobial Resistance

A recent conference in Thailand examined the development of antimicrobial resistance, the roles played by human and veterinary medicine and how animal agriculture can contribute to the solution, including a success story from Europe. Senior editor, Jackie Linden, reports.

P1

Conference Sheds New Light on Familiar Turkey Health Challenges - P8

Among the health issues covered in the Turkey Science and Production Conference in Chester, UK, in March, reports senior editor, Jackie Linden, were APEC, histomoniasis and antimicrobial resistance issues.

Egg Output Growth Exceeds Global Average in Africa and Oceania - P10

At 3.2 per cent and 3.0 per cent, respectively, for the years 2000 to 2011, the increases in average annual egg production for Africa and Oceania were above the global average of 2.2 per cent, according to the latest analysis for ThePoultrySite from seasoned industry watcher, Terry Evans.

New Studies Examine Effects of Lighting on Chickens - P16

Two recent studies show that broilers perform better under LED lighting than fluorescent lamps while layer behaviour is affected by light wavelength.

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EDITORIAL

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Editorial

Human infection caused by influenza A(H7N9) in China is in the news daily. In poultry, it is a low-pathogenic disease – going largely unnoticed in flocks – but there are likely to be impacts for the poultry industry in China and further afield, which are explored in the news section of this edition of ThePoultrySite Digital.

‘Poultry Health and Disease’ is our topic for this month, in fact, and the lead feature examines the issue of antimicrobial resistance and what role animal agriculture can play in helping to mitigate it.

Health & Disease

Several important aspects for the industry were covered in the VIV Animal Health Summit in Bangkok, Thailand in March. Among these was a presentation on how the Dutch have succeeded in cutting antibiotic use in the broiler industry significantly in just a couple of years.

On poultry disease, there is a report from this year’s Turkey Science and Production Conference under the theme of ‘new approaches to old challenges’. A ThePoultrySite.com Senior Editor new study shows that Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) may, after all, be a primary jackie.linden@5mpublishing.com pathogen. One poultry vet describes his experiences in controlling blackhead in turkeys and we return to the subject of antibiotic resistance as a third speaker put into perspective the role of turkeys.

Jackie Linden

Changing topic, seasoned industry watcher, Terry Evans, continues his analysis of the trends in the global egg industry, turning his attention to Africa and Oceania, regions where output growth has easily exceeded the global average.

Finally, there is a summary of two new research papers on the effects of lighting on broilers and layers.

Jackie Linden

Contact

Jackie Linden Senior Editor jackie.linden@5mpublishing.com Tel: +44 (0) 1234 818180

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Role of Animal Agriculture in Beating Antimicrobial Resistance Continued from page 1 Health Summit in Bangkok, Thailand in March, he added: “Antimicrobial resistance is a problem that will not go away. Our aim must be to reduce the rate of its spread.”

NATURE STRIKES BACK: A GLOBAL PROBLEM Professor Wim de Wit Professor Wim de Wit said that Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin in 1928, expressed concern that bacteria could develop resistance to antibiotics soon after his discovery.

Past director of the department of risk assessment for the Dutch Food Authority at the Ministry of Agriculture, Professor de Wit continued that in the 1980s, it was recognised that the situation was reaching crisis point.

Until around 1940, human mortality in the Netherlands declined – as the result of better hygiene, food and housing as well as the introduction of antibiotics.

dations, citing evidence that Campylobacter cases declined after farms were depopulated following avian flu in the Netherlands.

International action and communication are required, and different antibiotics should be used in agriculture and medicine. The Federation of Veterinarians of Europe is recommending prescribing vets supervision, and there should be no incentives for farmers to use antibiotics but rather to focus on thorough cleaning and disinfection. Animal stocking density and growth rates should be reduced, he suggested.

As for retailers, he stressed the importance of transparency in the supply chain and full traceability, as well as communication of risks to consumers.They should consider the future for certain high-risk products.

Looking ahead, Professor de Wit mentioned the potential for new antibiotics (under an EU programme called COMBACTE), bacteriophages and competitive exclusion products.

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND SUPERBUGS AT THE HUMANANIMAL INTERFACE

Other emerging risks come from animals, he said, citing the example of farm workers and pigs, which carry the same strains of Clostridium difficile. No differences have been found between organic and conventional production and resistance has been found in the environment.

Dr Jim Campbell, microbiologist at Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), outlined his studies in Viet Nam, where very high levels of resistance have been Dr Jim Campbell found in Campylobacter coli in poultry and pigs as well as in C. jejuni, with patterns very similar in children and pigs/poultry in Ho Chi Minh City. He said that this resistance seemed to be transferred in both directions.

Intensive animal husbandry is thought to be a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance, according to Professor de Wit, who mentioned limiting the stocking density of farm animals as one of his recommen-

As environmental markers, rats too showed high resistance, which was thought to have originated in ducks that are kept on contaminated rivers and ricefields.

Using the example of enterohaemmorhagic E. coli (EHEC), he explained that the large number of consumers that could be affected and the high risk of mortality are factors that concern retailers and a wide range of foods can carry contamination, including raw or undercooked meats and unpasteurised dairy products.

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FEATURE ARTICLE “Resistance goes beyond boundaries of hospitals and farms,” he said.

These drugs have been abused and over-used and among Dr Campbell’s recommended interventions is the rationalisation of antibiotic use in hospitals, using combination treatments where they have been shown to work, as well as better control over the use of antibiotics in the community. Greater use of diagnostics would discourage automatic blanket treatments.

On farms, he stressed the need to change farm practices. As an example, he said that cleaning and disinfection is sometimes carried out on pens before they are empty, resulting in animals getting a sub-optimal dose of disinfectant, which is thought to be related to chloramphenicol resistance.

PERSPECTIVE ON ANTIBIOTICS FROM THE ANIMAL HEALTH INDUSTRy In 50 years, the human population will need 100 per cent more food, 70 per cent of which must come from efficiency-enhancing technology, said Thomas Shryock of Elanco Animal Health. He represented the InternaThomas Shryock tional Federation for Animal Health (IFAH) on behalf of the Asian Animal Health Association (AAHA).

- Antimicrobial sales/use monitoring - Regulatory controls – decisions based on risk assessment and approval with appropriate label indications and use, under prescription - Research into new products and new methods.

Mr Shryock distinguished therapeutic from non-therapeutic use. Therapeutic use may be to an individual or group that are either clinically ill or at risk of being infected; this may cover prevention in animals that are at high risk of becoming ill due to pathogen exposure.

Non-therapeutic use – with the aim of growth-promotion of healthy animals – may be differentiated from therapeutic use by regulatory authorities regarding the type of product allowed.

Finally Mr Shryock presented a consensus on clinical practice guidelines for veterinarians, which included an emphasis on prevention strategies, such as vaccination and high levels of biosecurity, nutrition, housing and animal management. Therapeutic use should be minimised by treating only at-risk and ill animals, and using licensed products under label directions as far as possible. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics reduce the risk of resistance selection and amplification.

He emphasised the importance of the relationship between veterinarian, client and patient as well as record-keeping and the periodic review of usage practices in tackling the issue of antimicrobial resistance.

- Responsible Use guidelines: appropriate veterinary antibiotic practices described; education, disease prevention, stakeholder responsibilities

SUCCESS WITH DUTCH APPROACH TO ANTIBIOTIC USE REDUCTION In December 2008, an official voluntary agreement was set up to tackle antibiotic resistance in the Netherlands involving four animal sectors (poultry, pigs, cattle and veal calves) and four stakeholder groups (farmers, livestock industry, vets and the feed industry), facilitated by the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

- Antimicrobial resistance monitoring: need for standardised methodology so comparisons can be made over time and between locations and laboratories

As Erik de Jonge, Policy and PA advisor at Product Board Feed for Poultry and Eggs in the Netherlands, explained in his presentation, the aims were to use antibiotics less, better and more transparently.

His summary of actions and recommendation needed at the national and international levels included:

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Role of Animal Agriculture in Beating Antimicrobial Resistance Compared to the base level of use in 2009, overall targets were to reduce antibiotic used by 20 per cent, 50 per cent and 70 per cent in 2011, 2013 and 2015, respectively.

So what was the Dutch approach?

use on his farm. In each case, the farmer decides which of these measures to take.

And has the system worked? Mr de Jonge explained that participation rates are very high, covering 90 to 95 per cent of farmers in the each sector. Furthermore, veterinary antibiotic sales have reduced by 52 per cent between 1999 and 2012.

Erik de Jonge

Each sector formed a six-step Action Plan:

1. registration of all delivered antibiotics on a central database 2. contract drawn up between farmer and vet, as a one-to-one relationship 3. development of health and treatment plans – covering animal husbandry as well as treatment of disease (based on diagnostic and sensitivity testing), both reviewed annually 4. establish guidelines for the prescription of antibiotics, including first, second- and third-choices of medicine, based on efficacy, the risk of resistance and minimum use of antibiotics used in human medicine 5. individual feedback with a benchmark to farmers (every three months) and vets to raise awareness of antibiotic use and to amend the farm’s health and treatment plans, and 6.approach to reduction of antibiotics on each individual farm For the farm approach to reducing antibiotics, the scheme for poultry was started in January 2013. Each farm is classified by a category: ‘target category’ is for those already achieving the target reduction, i.e. 50 per cent of the 2009 national average;‘signal category’ where the focus is to improve within four weeks; ‘action category 1’ will require additional screening of the farm; and ‘action category 2’ involves the farmer seeking independent expert advice to cut antibiotic

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In his conclusions, he said that antibiotic use in Dutch animal production overall was down by 32 per cent in 2011 and by 51 per cent in 2012 (the first six months) so the original targets have been achieved.

In the broiler sector, the reductions were 26 per cent and 40 per cent in 2011 and 2012, respectively, and so the Dutch broiler industry is well on its way to achieving the targets.

Mr de Jonge added: “We can’t stop now! We have to go on to achieve the 70 per cent reduction target by 2015.”

Conference Sheds New Light on Familiar Turkey Health Challenges

Feature Article

Conference Sheds New Light on Familiar Turkey Health Challenges

Among the health issues covered in the Turkey Science and Production Conference in Chester, UK, in March, reports senior editor, Jackie Linden, were APEC, histomoniasis and antimicrobial resistance issues.

NEW INSIGHT INTO PATHOGENIC E. COLI Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) continues to cause major economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide, said Dr Rikke Heidemann Olsen on the University of Copenhagen in Denmark.

Conventional wisdom is that APEC is a secondary pathogen, which takes advantage of viral infections.

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However, her studies using new molecular methods show the E. coli acting as a primary pathogen and providing the opportunity for colonisation by another pathogen, histomonas (blackhead disease).

Dr Olsen said that control of APEC relies on high biosecurity, epidemiological investigations that identify the source of infection (which may be the hatchery or parent stock) and the development of an effective vaccine.

HISTOMONIASIS Histomoniasis (blackhead) is a protozoal disease of turkeys, chickens and other galliform birds, according

FEATURE ARTICLE to Keith Warner of Minster Vets in Hereford, UK. He reported to the conference experience from his practice of the disease on turkey farms over the last few years.

From these, he concluded that biosecurity can protect housed turkeys on concrete floors but it is not sufficient as the only control method. Changing boots can help to prevent contamination of a ‘clean’ house, he said.

However, when infection is present, there are no authorised medications currently available for successful treatment, a situation about which veterinarians – especially those covering ‘minor species’ including turkeys – often express concerns. Rapid use of fenbendazole has some beneficial effects, said Mr Warner, and it is used successfully in preventative programmes.

On the very limited number of treatment options for what can be a very costly disease, the UK industry has requested authorisation to use dimetridazole in breeding birds not destined for human consumption.

The UK government opposes this without absolute guarantees of traceability as the drug is classified as a carcinogen.

Paramomycin (Histobloc) has been considered for approval by the EU authorities but, according to Mr Warner, more work is required on post-marketing monitoring. In the meantime, it may be used if PCR tests confirm the presence of histomonads on a flock-by-flock basis but this leads to a delay in starting treatment that reduces its efficacy.The product works well when given in feed as a preventative programme, he said.

On Salmonella, he said that some serovars have much greater propensity to develop resistance than others.

Of the common foodborne types, for example, Salmonella Typhimurium tends to be much more resistant that Salmonella Enteritidis. Salmonella Kentucky, which was previously associated with human infections following international travel, has subsequently been detected in European poultry. Salmonella Saintpaul is the fourth most frequently reported serovar in European turkeys and isolates were shown in a recent study to display resistance to six antibiotics.

An EFSA report from 2012 revealed turkey flocks in Germany and Hungary to be positive for MethicillinResistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Another study in Germany looking in detail at 20 turkey flocks found turkeys in 18 flocks to be positive, as were many of the farm workers who cared for them. The types of MRSA found were mostly the clonal complex (CC) 398 type, which is generally associated with livestock, particularly pigs. It has been known rarely to cause illness in farm-workers but it is different from the types that pose a serious threat to humans in hospitals and the community.

Finally, on E.coli, Mr Teale said that normal commensal bacteria in turkeys are not pathogenic to the birds or humans. However, they do represent a possible reservoir of resistant genes and a recent UK study has confirmed that commensal E. coli from turkeys carry genes for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance.

FURTHER READING Find out more information on the diseases mentioned in this article by clicking here.

Looking to the future, Mr Warner mentioned that the vaccine developed by Dr Michael Hess of the Veterinary University of Vienna looks promising.

EMERGING ISSUES ON ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN TURKEyS Three issues on antibiotic resistance in turkeys were identified and described by Christopher Teale of the Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) in Shrewsbury, UK.

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Egg Output Growth Exceeds Global Average in Africa and Oceania

Global Poultry Trends

Egg Output Growth Exceeds Global Average in Africa and Oceania At 3.2 per cent and 3.0 per cent, respectively, for the years 2000 to 2011, the increases in average annual egg production for Africa and Oceania were above the global average of 2.2 per cent, according to the latest analysis for ThePoultrySite from seasoned industry watcher, Terry Evans.

AFRICA Egg production in Africa looks to be on target to reach three million tonnes per year in 2015. At first sight, it appears that the industry hardly expanded in 2011 (Tables 1 and 2) but this is because the total shown for the region of 2.65 million tonnes makes no allowance for production in the former Sudan, now divided into Sudan and South Sudan. If this had amounted to about 56,000 tonnes in that year, the provisional total for Africa would be around 2.7 million tonnes, showing a gain of some 60,000 tonnes or 2.3 per cent over 2010.

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However, for some of the counties, the final 2011 data is still not yet be available, in which case, the FAO will have inserted the previous year’s figure to enable them to come to an assessment of the regional total. Hence, some figures will be subject to revision later this year.

Over the period 2000 to 2008, Africa’s egg industry grew by an average of almost four per cent a year.

However, 2009 witnessed a dramatic cut-back in Egypt and to a lesser extent in South Africa, such that the regional total contracted by almost 67,000 tonnes or 2.6 per cent. The following year saw a sharp recovery of some 4.8 per cent to 2.65 million tonnes and by possibly a further 2.3 per cent in 2011 to give an estimate for that year of 2.71 million tonnes.

Between 2000 and 2011, it appears that Africa’s egg industry has expanded by around 3.2 per cent a year compared with a global figure of some 2.2 per cent.

Hence, Africa has managed to increase its share of

FEATURE ARTICLE

Africa

Table 1. World hen egg production (million tonnes)

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011P

2012E

2013E

10.4

11.7

12.3

12.3

12.5

12.8

12.9

13.2

13.2

13.2

9.5

9.9

10.1

10.0

10.1

10.3

10.4

10.6

10.6

10.6

1.9

Americas Asia

2.2

29.0

Europe

Oceania

32.6

0.2

WORLD

2.4

33.0

0.2

51.0

0.2

56.6

57.9

2.5

34.5 0.2

59.6

2.6

2.5

36.3

2.7

37.0

0.2

37.6

0.2

61.7

0.3

62.8

63.8

2.7

38.2 0.3

65.0

2.8

38.4 0.3

65.3

2.8

38.6 0.3

65.5

P = preliminary Source: FAO to 2011; 2012 and 2013 author's estimates

world output from just below four per cent to a little above this figure (Table 1).

egg output in 2011 was 1.25 million tonnes – double the quantity estimated by the FAO.

The combined output from the biggest five egg producing countries – Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Morocco and Algeria – of 1.86 million tonnes represents more than two-thirds of the regional total (Table 3).

Almost all eggs are brown and more than 70 per cent of the commercial flock, put at 65 million, is housed in cages. It is generally considered that, if the government were to help the industry establish egg processing enterprises, this would not only lessen the impact of seasonal gluts on market prices but also provide great nutritional benefits through the development of a range of egg products. As this technology is expensive, it is unlikely that companies will be willing to make such an investment without financial backing from the government.

Nigeria is the biggest producer, recording an average annual growth of more than four per cent as output rose from 400,000 tonnes to 636,000 tonnes between 2000 and 2011. However, as an indication of the great variation that can be found in production figures depending on the source, the Nigerian representative attending last year’s annual conference of the International Egg Commission (IEC) claimed that

South Africa has the second largest industry. Here

3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Algeria

2000

2005

Egypt

2006

Morocco

2007

Nigeria

2008

South Africa

2009

2010

Africa

2011P

Figure 1. Leading egg producers in Africa (‘000 tonnes)

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Egg Output Growth Exceeds Global Average in Africa and Oceania

Country Algeria Angola Benin

Botswana

Table 2. Hen egg production in Africa ('000 tonnes)

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011P

101.0

175.0

178.5

195.7

184.4

193.6

193.6

6.9

7.2

10.1

10.9

13.8

13.1

14.0

14.4

4.3 3.2

5.2 4.2

4.3 4.8

4.5 5.0

4.9 4.5

4.5 4.3

4.5 4.5

195.0 4.5 4.5

Burkina Faso

39.4

45.1

46.3

47.5

48.7

51.1

52.0

52.0

Cameroon

13.0

13.4

14.6

13.5

13.5

14.9

15.0

15.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.3

Burundi

Cape Verde

Central African Rep. Chad

Comoros Congo

Cote d'Ivoire

Dem. Rep. Congo Egypt

Equatorial Guinea Eritrea

3.0 1.9 3.6 0.8 1.1

3.1 1.8 3.7 0.8 1.3

3.1 1.8 3.8 0.8 1.4

3.0 2.0 3.9 0.8 1.4

3.1 2.0 3.9 0.8 1.5

3.1 2.1 4.0 0.8 1.6

3.0 2.1 4.0 0.8 1.6

30.4

30.0

32.0

32.0

176.7

235.0

240.0

279.0

355.5

249.3

291.2

305.5

1.7

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

7.0 0.3

6.9 0.4

7.0 0.4

7.3 0.4

7.5 0.4

8.7 0.4

8.9 0.4

38.0

38.5

39.0

35.1

Gambia

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

2.0

2.2

2.5

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.1

21.7

25.2

27.8

31.3

33.7

36.7

36.7

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

12.2

18.6

19.7

20.9

22.2

23.5

24.5

Kenya

60.7

57.9

66.7

68.6

76.6

81.0

80.6

Liberia

4.2

3.6

4.5

5.0

5.8

5.0

5.2

Lesotho

1.6

25.0

37.5

Guinea-Bissau

0.8

27.9

35.0

Guinea

4.0

28.7

28.6

Ghana

2.2

33.0

Ethiopia Gabon

3.1

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

8.9 0.4 2.2

35.1 2.1 0.9

39.8 25.0 1.4

85.8 1.7 5.4

Libya

60.0

63.1

64.6

60.0

60.0

62.2

62.5

62.5

Malawi

19.5

20.2

19.5

19.8

20.0

20.3

20.2

20.2

Madagascar Mali

Mauritania Mauritius Morocco

Mozambique Namibia Niger

14.9 11.9 4.7

12.5

16.7 10.1 4.3

13.0

15.3 10.4 5.4

12.2

15.5 10.7 4.9

11.7

15.8 14.1 5.9

11.0

16.2 13.7 5.6

10.0

16.1 13.9 5.4

10.0

16.1 14.1 5.5

10.0

235.0

225.1

244.0

259.4

192.4

200.0

230.0

230.0

1.6

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

12.4 7.8

14.6 8.3

14.1 7.5

14.3 7.6

13.5 7.6

13.6 8.5

14.5 7.5

14.5 7.9

Nigeria

400.0

500.4

526.4

552.8

581.0

612.6

623.4

636.0

Rwanda

2.2

2.7

2.5

2.6

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

Reunion Sao Tome/Principe Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone Somalia

South Africa

Sudan (former) Swaziland Togo

5.1 0.4

6.0 0.5

6.1 0.5

6.2 0.5

6.5 0.5

5.9 0.6

6.7 0.6

6.7 0.6

17.6

27.0

28.0

27.8

27.7

26.7

29.6

29.6

8.0

9.2

9.1

9.0

9.2

9.2

9.2

9.2

2.2 2.5

1.2 2.7

0.9 2.5

1.0 2.4

1.1 2.3

1.2 2.1

1.3 2.4

1.3 2.4

318.0

365.5

414.0

438.0

473.0

450.0

473.0

490.0

1.1

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.2

45.0 6.3

47.0 8.0

47.0 7.3

52.4 8.1

53.6 8.7

54.8 9.3

55.9 9.3

-

9.3

Tunisia

82.0

84.0

83.0

87.0

89.0

88.0

90.8

90.8

United Rep. Tanzania

33.8

36.3

35.1

35.1

33.3

31.2

32.5

32.5

Uganda Zambia

Zimbabwe AFRICA

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20.4 39.2 22.0

1,917.2

22.5 42.3 25.9

2,242.4

22.5 42.8 26.9

2,362.4

22.6 42.5 27.6

2,497.5

22.8 42.8 29.3

2,589.7

23.0 45.0 29.8

2,522.9

23.1 49.5 29.6

2,644.6

23.1 54.0 29.6

2,704.8

P= provisional, - no data Countries producing less than 50 tonnes have been excluded Source: FAO

FEATURE ARTICLE Table 3. Egg production ranking in Africa in 2011 ('000 tonnes)

Country Nigeria

636.0

Egypt

305.5

South Africa Morocco Algeria Tunisia Kenya Libya

Zambia

Burkina Faso Ghana

Ethiopia

United Rep. Tanzania Cote d'Ivoire Zimbabwe Senegal Guinea

Uganda Malawi

Madagascar Cameroon

Mozambique Benin Mali

Mauritius Togo

Sierra Leone

Dem. Rep. Congo Niger

Reunion

Mauritania Liberia

Botswana Angola Chad

Namibia Burundi Rwanda Somalia

Central African Rep. Eritrea

Cape Verde Gabon

Lesotho Congo

Guinea-Bissau Seychelles Swaziland Gambia

Comoros

Sao Tome/Principe Equatorial Guinea

490.0 230.0 195.0 90.8 85.8 62.5 54.0 52.0 39.8 35.1 32.5 32.0 29.6 29.6 25.0 23.1 20.2 16.1 15.0 14.5 14.4 14.1 10.0 9.3 9.2 8.9 7.9 6.7 5.5 5.4 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4

Source: FAO

production dipped in 2009 as a result of the economic down-swing reducing egg demand, which depressed prices. However, following the cut-back in production, prices escalated 20 per cent year-on-year, giving good profits for producers and boosting output in 2010 and 2011. This again created a level of oversupply, putting severe pressure on prices. Nevertheless, over the 11 years, the industry achieved an annual growth rate of four per cent, with total production – commercial, rural and hatching eggs – reaching 490,000 tonnes.

According to this country’s report to the IEC, the output from a commercial flock of some 24.2 million birds in 2011 exceeded 404,000 tonnes. Some 86 per cent of layers were in cages, the remainder being kept on free range.The split between brown and white egg layers was put at 30:70.

The IEC country report from the Southern African Poultry Association states: “The prevalence of a wide spectrum of diseases is a matter of real concern. Although the industry has improved its position in this respect, live bird movement, poor biosecurity and vaccination programmes not executed as per specifications, will continue to be a hazard to the industry.”

The flock was expected to peak at 25 million in June 2012.

Although the egg industry in Egypt has expanded by more than five per cent over the past decade or so, it is clear from,Table 2 that production failed to reach the 2008 peak in the succeeding years.

In Morocco, the fourth largest industry, output only surpassed the 2000 level in three of the following 11 years, while for 2011, the estimated figure of 230,000 tonnes was below that recorded in 2000.

In Algeria, as in many African countries, while the industry has expanded rapidly, the gains mainly occurred over the period 2000-2008, increases since then being much more moderate, reflecting the more difficult economic environment for producers in recent years.

OCEANIA For Oceania, egg production expanded by some three per cent a year between 2000 and 2011. But, the in-

13

Egg Output Growth Exceeds Global Average in Africa and Oceania

Country Australia Fiji French Polynesia Guam Kiribati Micronesia New Caledonia New Zealand Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Isl. Tonga Vanuatu OCEANIA WORLD

Table 4. Hen egg production in Oceania ('000 tonnes)

2000 143.0 3.2 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.5 43.0 4.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 199.4 51,013.1

2005 138.6 3.8 2.4 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.9 50.9 4.8 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 205.3 56,609.9

2006 171.3 3.5 2.4 1.0 0.3 0.2 2.0 51.0 4.8 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 238.2 57,934.7

crease in volume terms of some 78,000 tonnes can mainly be attributed to a gain of some 62,000 tonnes in Australia and of nearly 10,000 tonnes in New Zealand, these two countries accounting for 93 per cent of the regional total (Tables 4 and 5).

In most instances, the FAO’s estimates of egg production are higher than those from other sources because the figures include assessments of both the commercial and backyard or village flocks, as well as the output of hatching eggs for both the layer and broiler sectors. However, as mentioned earlier, there are some instances, where the opposite is true.

Australia is an example as the Australian Egg Corporation Ltd (AECL) estimates commercial egg production in 2011 at nearly 287,000 tonnes – well above the FAO figure of 205,000 tonnes.The AECL puts the number of layers in 2011 at 16.5 million, of which 68 per cent were in cages, 25 per cent on free range and seven per cent in a barn system.Virtually all the birds lay brown eggs. The industry, like most, is susceptible to the global market for feed ingredients, hence feed prices in mid-2012 were higher than in the previous three years. This will have been reflected in the cost of egg production and eventually in market prices.

While the data on egg production in New Zealand released by the IEC, at around 65,000 tonnes in 2011, are again higher than that shown in the FAO stats, the trend is for relatively steady annual production. There are only 125 commercial egg pro-

14

2007 161.7 3.4 2.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 2.0 46.6 4.8 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 224.2 59,588.0

Country

2008 160.0 3.4 2.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 2.4 53.2 4.8 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.8 229.8 61,703.7

New Zealand Fiji

Papua New Guinea French Polynesia Vanuatu Guam

Solomon Isl. Samoa Tonga

New Caledonia Micronesia

2010 174.0 5.7 3.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 3.0 52.3 4.5 0.4 0.7 0.3 1.0 246.4 63,753.0

2011P 205.2 5.7 3.0 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.2 52.3 4.5 0.4 0.7 0.3 1.0 277.6 65,002.6

P = provisional, - no data Countries producing less than 50 tonnes have been excluded Source: FAO

Table 5. Egg production ranking in Oceania in 2011 ('000 tonnes)

Australia

Kiribati

2009 159.3 3.5 2.7 0.8 0.3 0.2 2.8 51.8 4.8 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.8 228.5 62,762.1

205.2 52.3 5.7 4.5 3.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0

Source: FAO

ducers, the largest 20 accounting for 75 per cent of total output in 2011. Some 83 per cent of birds are currently housed in conventional cages, 14 per cent on free-range and three per cent in barns.

Under a new animal welfare code, conventional cages are to be phased out by 2022 being – in the main – replaced by the larger colony cages. It is estimated that at least 45 per cent of the conventional cages will disappear by 2018 and some observers believe that all the old cages will be removed well before the 2022 deadline. This change is expected to cause major disruption to egg supplies, which will be reflected in both total and per person egg consumption in the next few years.

New Studies Examine Effects of Lighting on Chickens

Feature Article

Image courtesy of Agrilamp

New Studies Examine Effects of Lighting on Chickens

Two recent studies show that broilers perform better under LED lighting than fluorescent lamps while layer behaviour is affected by light wavelength.

BROILER PREFERENCES FOR LIGHTING ExPLORED IN BRAZILIAN STUDIES

Vision is important in poultry behaviour and welfare.

Poultry have highly specialised visual systems and the majority of their behaviour is mediated by vision, according to AngĂŠlica Signor Mendes from the Technological Federal University of ParanĂĄ in Brazil and co-authors there and at Purdue University in the US and Brazil's State University of Campinas.

16

In a study1 published in Journal of Applied Poultry Research, they evaluated the lighting preference of broiler chickens exposed to different lighting sources and their production performance.

Overall, birds exposed to light-emitting diode (LED) lighting performed better that those reared under compact fluorescent lamps (CFL). Seven-day-old male broiler under LED lights had better feed efficiency than those of the same age under CFL. In the first experiment, the researchers evaluated the preference of birds for white and yellow lighting provided by LED bulbs. Bird preference was assessed by

FEATURE ARTICLE videos recorded during the experiment. In a second experiment, they studied the performance of broiler chickens exposed to LED and CFL.

rameters of laying hens. Light intensities in the three treatments were adjusted to be perceived by hens as equal.

Performance was assessed in terms of mortality rate, bird bodyweight, daily bodyweight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion.

Twenty-four groups of 25 laying hens were kept in identical compartments (5.0×3.3 metres) equipped with a litter area, raised perches, feed and drinking facilities, and nest boxes. Initially, they were kept under white LED for a two-week adaptation period.

The chickens occupied environments with yellow and white LED lighting evenly and did not show any behavioural preference for one of the environments. However, birds ate more at 21, 28, and 35 days of age when exposed to white LED lighting.

Generally, Mendes and co-authors commented that birds exposed to LED lighting presented better production performance than birds under the CFL. Sevenday-old male chickens presented better feed conversion under LED illumination than did males of the same age under CFL. SWISS STUDy LOOKS AT DIFFERENT LIGHT COLOURS FOR LAyING HENS Results of a trial in Switzerland2 revealed that laying hens under green light carried out more exploration and that red light made them less aggressive than white light.The study also confirmed previous work that red light accelerates sexual development but the effect was more due to wavelength than light intensity.

The best method for lighting poultry houses has been an issue for many decades, generating much interest as new systems become available, according to researchers at Bern University of Applied Sciences. Beat Huber-Eicher and colleagues explain in their paper in Poultry Science that poultry farmers are now increasingly using coloured LED to illuminate hen houses, for example, in Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and England). In Switzerland, they report, all new systems are now equipped with LED, usually green ones.

For the next four weeks, eight randomly chosen compartments were lit with red LED (640nm) and eight more with green LED (520nm). Behaviour was monitored during the last two weeks of the trial. Additionally weight gain, feed consumption, onset of lay and laying performance were recorded.

The results showed minor effects of green light on explorative behaviour while red light reduced aggressiveness compared with white light.The results confirmed previous research that red light accelerated sexual development of laying hens and this trial demonstrated that this effect was due to the specific wavelength and not the intensity of light, concluded Huber-Eicher and colleagues. They added, however, that an additional effect of light intensity should not be excluded.

REFERENCES 1. Mendes A.S., S..J. Paixão, R. Restelatto, G.M. Morello, D.J. de Moura and J.C. Possenti. 2013. Performance and preference of broiler chickens exposed to different lighting sources. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22(1):62-70. doi: 10.3382/japr.2012-00580 2. Huber-Eicher B., A. Suter and P. Spring-Stähli. 2013.

Effects of colored light-emitting diode illumination on behavior and performance of laying hens. Poult. Sci. 92(4):869-873. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02679

LED give monochromatic light from different wavelengths and have several advantages over conventional illuminants, including high energy efficiency, long life, high reliability and low maintenance costs.

They examined the effects of illumination with white, red and green LED on behaviour and production pa-

17

Poultry Industry News INFLUENCE OF RAISED PLASTIC FLOORS COMPARED WITH PINE SHAVING LITTER ON ENVIRONMENT AND PEKIN DUCK CONDITION

US - In this trial, the overall condition of the ducks was described as being good. However, the proportion of ducks having a 0 or 1 feather score was higher for the litter floor systems than slats and the slatreared birds had cleaner feathers.

Commercial poultry production management practices have been under increased public scrutiny driven by concerns for food safety and animal welfare, explain D.M. Karcher of Michigan State University and co-authors there and at Hope College, South Crossing Veterinary Center and Ohio State University.

In their paper in Poultry Science, they continue that, within the United States, wood shavings and raised plastic floors are common flooring systems used in duck production. It is intuitive that each flooring type would present different management challenges influencing physical characteristics of growing ducks.

Read More...

LAYER HYBRIDS REACT DIFFERENTLY TO FIBRE SOURCE

SWEDEN - Layers in enriched cages frequently pecked at straw pellets provided with the feed or in letter bath, report researchers based in Uppsala but the two hybrid lines studied behaved differently in their pecking behaviour and in terms of eggshell strength.

Litter may constitute a significant source of insoluble fibre to laying hens, according to Robin Kalmendal and colleagues at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala but they found that there were marked hybrid differences in the interaction with litter.

In their paper in Journal of Applied Poultry Research, they explain that poultry may obtain fibre from the feed or from the ingestion of, for example, fibrous litter materials.

Read More...

Housing & Equipment AGRILAMP AT THE SHOWS

THAILAND - Continuing the success experienced at previous poultry trade shows, Agrilamp received a phenomenal response after recently attending VIV Asia and AgraMe in March, and Fieravicola in April, where Agrilamp technology and the benefits it brings were showcased.

With various projects continuing within the Middle East, and following the introduction of Agrilamp’s Plug-and-Play system, its popularity was highlighted

by AgraMe’s board of judges who certified the Plugand-Play system as Highly Commended for the ‘Best New Product for Gulf Market – Poultry’.

Additionally, Agrilamps’s Sales Director, John Matcham, gave a well received presentation on the Effects of LED Lighting on Poultry which focused on the benefits to poultry production and animal welfare.

At VIV Asia, Agrilamp engaged with...

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NE NEW W

www.agrilamp.com

TERMOTECNICA PERICOLI EXPANDS ASIA-PACIFIC PRESENCE

ASIA - Although Termotecnica Pericoli has been active in the Asian markets since 1992 the company first established a personal presence in the region with the establishment of a Regional Office in Malaysia in May of 2010.

As a consequence and the impact of this permanent presence and the very positive response from the market place this presence is now being expanded.

With effect from January 2013 the Regional office has been replaced with the formation and establishment of Pericoli Asia-Pacific Sdn Bhd which is a wholly subsidiary of Termotecnica Pericoli S.r.l. Pericoli Asia-Pacific has been established as a full manufacturing and warehouse facility in order to further meet the company’s goals and objectives for the Asian region to provide the highest level of sales support and service to their growing market.

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19

Poultry Industry News ATTIC INLET OPERATION GUIDELINES

US - Simple rules to get the most out of a poultry house attic inlet system from Michael Czarick (Extension Engineer) and Brian Fairchild (Extension Poultry Scientist) with the University of Georgia in the series, 'Poultry Housing Tips'.

When it comes to operating any air inlet system during the cooler times of the year, it is important to keep in mind that our primary objective is to maximise the amount of fresh air we bring in without causing excessive decreases in air temperature or excessive increases in fuel usage.

Quite simply, the more air we can bring in without decreasing house temperature, the fresher the air will be, and the better our birds will perform. For instance, let's say you have older birds and four 36-inch fans are operating because the house is a degree or so above the target temperature.you could set your controller to maintain a low static pressure (0.03"), which would cause the inlets to open wide, the cool outside air would quickly drop to the floor, house temperature would quickly decrease, resulting in the fans turning off.

Read More...

NATURAL VENTILATION INORGANIC POULTRY HOUSES IN COLD WEATHER

Winter ventilation and proper management in cooler ambient temperatures to control egg size in brown layers was the topic of Dr Morgan Hayes' presentation at the Midwest Poultry Federation Convention in St. Paul, Minnesota, US, writes Carla Wright, Editor, ThePoultrySite.

Most organic egg production in the US is from brown birds and these layers have an easy ability to lay very large eggs beyond what the industry can use. â&#x20AC;&#x153;I have seen up to 56-pound case weights and the industry struggles once case weight gets over 51 pounds. In cooler barn temperatures, brown birds eat more feed and this drives egg size higher. Once the bird gets to a heavier case weight, it is almost impossible to bring it down even later on in summer.

Read More...

20

UNILIGHT: AFFORDABLE, HIGH-PERFORMANCE LED LIGHTS

UK - Energy conservation and environment policies are dramatically changing the lighting world. LED is the only and final solution - the least energy of all lights and no mercury.

Uni-light LLC has spent years in Silicon Valley to develop an efficient, robust, resistant and long-life light adapted for the poultry and egg layer industry.

The company's lights are tested at the University of Auburn, chosen by Victorsson Industries, the biggest equipment manufacturer in Scandinavia, and are installed in large numbers of poultry houses in the UK and elsewhere.

The lights give more illumination per Watt than any other in the market, are resistant to ammonium, formaldehyde and dust and can be flushed with water.

Read More...

Poultry Industry News ROSLIN STUDY SHOWS HOW SALMONELLA COLONISES THE GUT

UK - Scientists have studied how Salmonella colonises the intestines of food-producing animals.

This is relevant both to the welfare of the animal hosts and to contamination of the food chain and farm environment. Researchers plan to use data collected to develop vaccines to control Salmonella in animals and humans.

Salmonella is a major cause of human diarrhoeal infections and is frequently acquired from chickens, pigs and cattle, or their products. Around 94 million such infections occur in people worldwide each year, with approximately 50,000 cases in the UK per annum.

In a BBSRC-funded collaboration between the University of Cambridgeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Department of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Edinburghâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Roslin Institute and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, scientists have studied how Salmonella colonises the intestines of food-producing animals.

Read More...

WHAT CAUSES FOOT DERMATITIS IN POULTRY?

GERMANy - There are many factors that contribute to footpad dermatitis but the primary factor is wet litter, according to Dr Tom Tabler and colleagues at Mississippi State University Extension Service.

Good litter management and proper ventilation are critical to preventing footpad dermatitis (FPD) and maintaining health in poultry flocks. Footpad dermatitis first became an issue for the poultry industry in the 1980s but it surely existed long before that time.

The condition is known by a variety of names, including pododermatitis and contact dermatitis. It is characterised by inflammation and ulcers on the footpad and toes.The sores can be shallow or deep. Deep ulcers may lead to abscesses of the underlying tissue and structures (Greene et al., 1985). For many years, the feet (or 'paws') of broiler chickens received little attention but that all changed during the 1980s. Until then, chicken paws were not a saleable product and were rendered along with blood...

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Health & Welfare News

Influenza A(H7N9): Impacts on the Poultry Industry CHINA - An update on the current situation on H7N9 flu in people and the impacts on the poultry industry by senior editor, Jackie Linden.

So far, it has not been possible to establish how the virus is transmitted, nor the likelihood of person-toperson transmission.

The latest information from WHO (on 29 April) gives a total of 126 confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, of whom, 24 have died. Since the first reported case in February, all the cases were in China's neighbouring, easternmost provinces of Jiansu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. On 25 April, however, came the first report of a case outside China; one person in Taiwan has been confirmed with the virus in Taipei. He had recently returned from the affected area of China.

The mission team reported: "According to available evidence, birds infected by the virus, especially poultry, and the environment contaminated by the virus are the most likely sources of infection. The risk of infection appears most concentrated in live poultry markets".

This viral strain is a triple reassortant H7N9 influenza virus, with components from H7Nx, H11N9 and H9N2 - all of avian origin but at least one element originates in wild birds.

A joint international mission has recently completed a study of the situation in China at the invitation of the Chinese government.

They said: "Steps taken so far, such as the suspension of live bird markets in Shanghai, were timely and sound. In Shanghai, it appears that so far poultry infections are limited to live markets". However, they

23

Poultry Industry News cautioned that experts still have only a limited understanding of the full extent of the disease.

The first of the mission's seven recommendations is "to undertake intense and focused investigations to determine the source(s) of human H7N9 infections with a view to taking urgent action to prevent continuing virus spread and its potentially severe consequences for human and animal health".

While they are both influenza viruses that originate in birds and affect humans, there are two differences between this latest H7N9 subtype and H5N1, the one that has spread across much of the globe over the last decade. Firstly, H7N9 has so far affected mainly men and the over 50s, in contrast to the H5N1 type, which infected children and women.

The second difference is that H7N9 is a low-pathogenic form of the virus in poultry and symptoms can easily be missed. The H5N1 type, in contrast, causes very high losses in affected flocks, particularly in chickens and turkeys. It might not have such immediate adverse impacts on the birds as H5N1 but make no mistake, its impacts will surely be felt by the poultry industry.

As we have noted, live birds markets in Shanghai have been closed down and the virus has been found at other similar markets in affected provinces. Furthermore, despite well-founded assurances that there is no risk from properly cooked poultry products, there are signs that sales of poultry meat and eggs are falling in China as a result of market closures and the population's fears of infection.

And there may be consequences for the whole food chain. Already there is speculation in the global trade markets about the possible impacts on maize and soybean demand this year, with China being such a large importer of these feed ingredients.

FDA CAUTIONS INTERPRETATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE DATA

US - The Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Center for Veterinary Medicine today issued a statement cautioning the interpretation of antimicrobial resistance data.

Recently, the Environmental Working Group (EWG) issued a report of its interpretation of the 2011 Retail Meat Annual Report of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS).

“While FDA is always concerned when we see antimicrobial resistance, we believe the EWG report oversimplifies the NARMS data and provides misleading conclusions,” FDA noted.

The statement said that FDA did not believe that EWG fully considered important factors that put these results in context, including: Read More...

ADAS LAUNCHES HEALTHYHENS PROJECT

UK - HealthyHens is a European wide project looking at the welfare of organic laying hens throughout the EU. Anyone wishing to get involved will get free assessments of worm egg and red mite counts.

ADAS aims to visit 10 flocks twice to look at key welfare indicators such as ranging behaviour, feather pecking and worm burdens.

The information gathered will be anonymised and analysed alongside data from the other partner countries.

The results will be used to inform future welfare practices.

Farms involved will receive the results of the worm egg and red mite counts from their flock.

Read More...

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Health & Welfare News MEDICINES AGENCY ADVISES COMMISSION ON ANIMAL ANTIBIOTIC USE

EU - The European Medicines Agency will provide advice on the impact on public health and animal health of the use of antibiotics in animals. The request was made by the European Commission as part of its ‘action plan against the rising threats from antimicrobial resistance’.

Antibiotics are one of the most important tools in the therapeutic arsenals of both doctors and vets.

They have dramatically reduced the number of deaths from infectious diseases during the 70 years since their introduction. Nowadays they are an essential part of modern medicine, allowing the treatment of bacterial diseases in man and animals and to prevent infections.Antibiotics allow doctors to perform many procedures now common in human medicine such as transplantation, chemotherapy for cancer and even orthopaedic surgery, and any threat to their continued effectiveness is a matter of urgent concern.

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NCC ENCOURAGES INCREASED RESOURCES TO IMPROVE POULTRY HEALTH

US - National Chicken Council Vice President of Scientific and Regulatory Affairs Ashley Peterson, PhD, has told the USDA's Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) about the importance of the National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) in preventing and controlling possible diseases in poultry.

NPIP has historically been, and remains, a crucial program for ensuring the continued viability of the U.S. poultry industry for both the domestic and export markets. Although the program began in 1935 as an effort to eradicate Salmonella pullorum, it has since expanded to include a variety of programs developed to address other highly pathogenic avian diseases (such as Avian Influenza), as well as non-regulatory monitoring of potential food safety threats.

“NPIP is the perfect example of what...

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EFFECTS OF DIET DILUTION SOURCE AND LEVEL ON PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOUR OF PULLETS

NETHERLANDS - Diluting the diet with 15 per cent of sunflower seed extract or oat hulls reduced feather pecking and feather damage in non-beaktrimmed pullets from day-old to 18 weeks of age, according to new research from Wageningen University.

A recent issue of Poultry Science includes a paper reporting an experiment conducted to investigate the effects of dietary dilution sources and levels on feather damage, performance, feeding behaviour and litter condition in rearing pullets.

Authors, S.N. Qaisrani of Wageningen University in the Netherlands and colleagues there and at Wageningen UR Livestock Research hypothesised that dietary dilution increases feeding-related behaviour and improves feather condition, particularly if insoluble non-starch polysaccharides are used as the dilution source.

Read More...

CALL FOR UNITED FRONT ON POULTRY WELFARE

UK - Finding ways to promote the high welfare standards of British poultry production should help boost sales of home-produced chicken meat in the wake of the horsemeat scandal, according to a leading poultry producer.

Patrick Joice, who produces 5.5 million broilers a year with his father, Nigel, in Fakenham, Norfolk, said increased interest in traceability meant producers should make more effort to explain to consumers about the high standards they adhere to.

Speaking ahead of this year's Pig and Poultry LIVE event at Stoneleigh Park on 15 May, where welfare will be one of the leading topics under discussion, Mr Joice said producers should work with retailers to educate shoppers about UK welfare standards.

Read More...

25

Poultry Industry News WORLDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S GENE POOL CRUCIAL FOR SURVIVAL

GLOBAL - Conserving and making the most of the planet's wealth of genetic resources will be crucial for survival, as people will need to produce sufficient and nutritious food for a growing population, FAO Deputy Director-General Dan Gustafson said, addressing the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.

The Commission, the only intergovernmental body to specifically address all matters related to the world's gene pool for food and agriculture, is marking its 30th anniversary and is meeting in Rome this week.

"FAO believes that adaptation of the agriculture sector is not merely an option, but an imperative for human survival, and genetic resources will form an essential part of any adaptation strategy," he said.

Read More...

BREEDING BETTER CHICKENS WEBSITE LAUNCHED

UK - A BBSRC-funded research group working to improve the health of the world's huge population of broiler chickens has created a new website to share their work.

Scientists at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) and The University of Manchester designed www.thechickenofthefuture.com to tell scientific and general audiences about their research to better understand the health and anatomy of the 30Bn broiler chickens that are bred for human consumption each year.

Having gone live on 19 March 2013, the team plans to keep the site updated with their latest work and encourage feedback and interaction with readers. It is also planned to make the site a resource for information and images under a creative commons licence.

Dr Jonathan Codd, senior lecturer in integrative...

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Breeding & Genetics CHINESE STUDY EXAMINES ROOSTER SPERM COMPETITION

AVIAGEN DEMONSTRATES COMMITMENT TO ASIAN MARKET

When hens are inseminated by different types of roosters, natural elimination of the influence of insemination by a previous rooster may require some time, reducing the breeding activity of the hens, according J. Ma and colleagues at the Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences in China.

The theme incorporated references to the company’s long term commitment to customers in the Asia Pacific region, continued investment in R&D to supply the best genetic progress, the establishment of the industry’s largest global supply network, the creation of a knowledgeable, experienced local technical service team with a heavy emphasis on the transfer of research into everyday flock management advice.

CHINA - Maintaining a time interval of 12 days between inseminations and repeatedly inseminating females by a different male every four days allowed the elimination of the influence of the previous AI within 14 days, according to researchers in Guangzhou.

In Journal of Applied Poultry Research, they report two separate experiments were conducted to determine the effects of sperm competition between two breeder males on reducing the time interval which eliminated the influence of previous artificial insemination (AI).

At the conclusion of the experiments, sperm retained their activity even after...

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THAILAND - Aviagen was delighted to take part in another VIV Asia Show in March. The theme for the company’s stand, which received over 400 visitors, was Global Leader. Local Partner. Right Choice.

Aviagen was well represented by the complete regional team of commercial and technical personnel along with strong support from the company’s specialists in nutrition, veterinary, hatchery and flock management and the internal technical transfer group. Senior management was also present to receive and work with customers throughout the biannual event.

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WE DON’T JUST G R O W CHICKENS. WE BREED SUCCESS. Aviagen leads with better birds and better products, investing aggressively to ensure you are getting the best chicken today and tomorrow. By committing 10% of annual revenue to our breeding program we produce genetic improvements in feed efficiency, growth, fertility and bird health that can be quantified in our three leading commercial brands, year after year. When you partner with Aviagen you share in unrivalled innovation, the largest network of 15 global supply locations and the expertise of accessible, regional teams serving 130 markets worldwide. Aviagen is the future of chicken.

GLOBAL LEADER. LOCAL PARTNER. RIGHT CHOICE. AV I AG E N

BRANDS AV I AG E N .C O M

27

Poultry Industry News ROUNDTABLE TO HIGHLIGHT DEVELOPMENT IN BREEDING, MEDICAL GENETICS

US - Registration is now open for the National Breeders Roundtable.

The National Breeders Roundtable brings together breeder specialists and geneticists from the industry, universities and government to discuss the latest breeding research developments and genetic trends.

Sponsored by the Poultry Breeders of America and US Poultry & Egg Association, this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s conference will be held May 2-3, at the Airport Marriott Hotel in St. Louis, Missouri.

The 62nd Annual National Breeders Roundtable agenda will include topics on Ancestral Development Potential: A New Tool for Animal Breeding; Epigenetic Instability and Virus-Host Interactions in Chickens; White Striping in Broiler Breast Meat; Veterinary Medical Genetics: Identification...

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Breeding for 500 Eggs!

www.isapoultry.com

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Poultry Industry News IMPROVING ANIMAL HEALTH PLANNING TO CONTROL H5N1 BIRD FLU IN EGYPT

EGyPT - After its first detection in 2006, Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza (HPAI) has spread rapidly in Egypt and become endemic in poultry populations in several governorates.

HPAI continued to cause considerable economic loss to poultry producers and remains a public health challenge in the country, according to FAO. Over 40 million birds had been culled during the early periods of 2006-2007 alone. At present, outbreaks continue to occur in different production sectors and along the poultry value chain including in commercial farms, household flocks and live bird markets.

A sound animal health planning is of paramount importance to enhance the national disease control program. This, in turn, requires generation of reliable epidemiological information and analysis.

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MAPA LAUNCHES RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR POULTRY ESTABLISHMENTS

BRAZIL - On Saturday, 13 April, the Ministry of Livestock and Supply's (MAPA) Official Gazette (DOU) published the program standards for risk management with epidemiological surveillance and adoption of vaccines in poultry establishments considered more susceptible to the introduction and spread of diseases.

According to Normative Instruction No. 10, listed establishments, such as poultry establishments with laying hens in sheds like Californian, classic or modified, engaging in activities would require more rigorous health checks. Establishments that send birds to fairs and auctions and those intended for poultry stalls selling live animals would also require a more thorough check-up.

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Biosecurity & Hygiene OUTBREAK OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM DT8 ASSOCIATED WITH DUCK EGGS

IRELAND & UK - Over a 19-month period between August 2009 and February 2011, 34 confirmed cases and one probable case of Salmonella Typhimurium DT8 were detected in Ireland, all of which had an MLVA pattern 2-10-NA-12-212 or a closely related pattern. Concurrent duck egg-related outbreak of S. Typhimurium DT8 in the United Kingdom are likely related, writes Patricia Garvey, from the Health Protection Surveillance Centre at Dublin, Ireland.

Salmonella Typhimurium DT8 was a very rare cause of human illness in Ireland between 2000 and 2008, with only four human isolates from three patients being identified.

The epidemiological investigations strongly supported a link between illness and exposure to duck eggs. Moreover, S. Typhimurium...

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Poultry Industry News DANISCO ANIMAL NUTRITION ROLLS OUT DIRECT FED MICROBIAL

UK - Danisco Animal Nutrition, a subsidiary of Dupontâ&#x201E;˘, has launched EnvivaÂŽ PRO, a multi-strain direct fed microbial (DFM) designed to provide improved economic return from poultry diets by supporting natural gut balance and improving nutrient absorption.

Enviva PRO is already available in the US and South Africa, and will shortly be available in other geographies, as regulatory approvals permit.

It can be introduced in the first few days post hatch to make the gut less conducive to colonization by coliforms and other micro-organisms that may have a negative impact on gut performance.

It also encourages a better house environment to reduce the risk of contamination. Comprising a blend of three Bacillus subtilis strains and developed after many years of sampling commercial...

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Poultry Industry News IMPACT OF CHINA'S RECENT BIRD FLU ON CORN DEMAND UNCERTAIN

US - The impact of China's bird flu outbreak on poultry production and feed demand remains uncertain but may be less than initially feared. As reported last week, China's bird flu incidents saw live bird markets close around the Shanghai region and in South China.

As cases spread to other regions such as Beijing and Henan, the effects of these closings and the reduction of poultry inventories will reduce feed consumption in the poultry industry. However, if consumers switch to pork instead of poultry meat, this will offset the losses in the poultry sector and reduce the net effect on feed demand.

"Since hogs are less efficient converters of feed to meat and use a higher proportion of energy feeds like corn, any substitution of pork for poultry that occurs will dampen the negative effect of reduced poultry production on feed demand, particularly corn," said Bryan Lohmar, US Grains Council...

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KENYON JOINS DIAMOND V AS POULTRY SPECIALIST

US - Diamond V is pleased to announce the addition of David Kenyon as Poultry Specialist.

Mr Kenyon will be responsible for supporting and developing the turkey business in North America.

Most recently, Kenyon was the President of Valley of the Moon Commercial Poults, Inc. (a division of Aviagen Group).

He has also worked at British United Turkeys of America (BUTA) as Director of Sales for North and South America and at Cargill Turkeys in various supervisory and management positions.

He earned his Animal Science degree from Southwest Missouri State University.

David and his family will continue to reside in California, MO where they raise quarter horse and cattle.

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Feeding & Nutrition BSAS: COULD WINE INDUSTRY WASTE BE USED IN BROILER FEED?

GLOBAL â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Waste products from the food industry represent growing challenges as consumer consciousness develops about the environmental, social and political context of meat production, reports editor, Michael Priestley, from a British Society of Animal Science (BSAS) conference.

This was the remit of a study presented by Eleni Kasapidou at the BSAS Annual Conference at Nottingham University in the UK on Wednesday 17 April.

The investigation looked at utilising ground and dried grape pomace on the sensory characteristics of broiler meat during refrigerated storage.

Although used as a fertiliser on some vineyards, grape pomace is generally seen as waste. Mrs Kasapidou and her team are keen to see what can be done to utilise this product which essentially the grape seed, skins and stems in animal nutrition.

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OPTIVITE'S ENZYME RANGE

UK - Optivite has been providing enzyme solutions for around 20 years and the range has evolved to include products to suit the majority of feed types around the world.

The range is split into non starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes under the Optizyme banner with various products being available for different diet types and market requirements.

NSP/phytase combinations in the Optimise range are also available to suit different diets and market needs.

Products are available for both maize and wheat/barley diets for both pigs and poultry. Our maize/soya enzyme was one of the first products of its type for this diet and continues to be one of our biggest sellers.

An intrinsically heat stable version with stability upto 95oC is one of the latest additions to the family. Optizyme products allow significant...

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Poultry Industry News STUDY SHOWS HATCH WINDOW IMPACTS CHICK DEVELOPMENT

BRAZIL - Research shows that incubation time impacts intestinal and organ development of broiler chicks.

Prematurely hatched chicks remaining inside the hatchery for longer periods presented improved koilin membrane development in the gizzard, and smaller presence of CD3+ cells in thymus, spleen and ileum than those birds that hatched close to the standard time for hatchery opening.

Different periods of hatching, called hatch windows, occur inside the same hatchery and birds' development could be affected by this.

In Journal of Applied Poultry Research, R.M. Hayashi and colleagues at the Federal University of Parana report a study evaluating morphology of the intestinal mucosa and gizzard, and the...

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Incubation & Hatching SANITISER COMBINATION SHOWS PROMISE FOR HATCHERY

JAMESWAY HOLDS 5TH LATIN AMERICA INCUBATION SEMINAR

US - Four combination chemicals tested by researchers in Athens, Georgia, significantly reduced the recovery of Salmonella from hatching eggs.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC - Jamesway’s popular Latin America Incubation Seminar was held in the Dominican Republic on 23 to 25 April.

New research shows that a combination of quaternary ammonium and biguanide shows promise for the reduction of Salmonella on hatching eggs without adverse effects on hatchability or chicken quality.

Registration exceeded expectations. Wise planning, however, ensured that there were enough rooms for all participants at the beautiful OceanBlue and Sand® Beachfront Resort in Punta Cana.

Sanitisation of broiler hatching eggs provides an opportunity to reduce the eggshell bacterial load entering hatchery incubators, which can be subsequently carried with the chicks to the grow-out farm and ultimately into the processing plant.

Jamesway designed the incubation seminar for everyone associated with hatching and all aspects of hatchery operations and management. Jamesway included in the seminar a variety of learning experiences including presentations, interactive discussions, demonstrations by university professors and influential guest speakers specializing in the poultry industry.

Two experiments reported in the Journal of Applied Poultry Research by Jeff Buhr of the Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center (USDA-ARS) and others there and at the University of Georgia evaluated combination chemicals...

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MOUNTAIRE BUILDS NEW HATCHERY

US - A state grant of $8.5 million will help to build a new hatchery at Mountaire Farms Inc. near Millsboro, Delaware.

Seminar participants had an opportunity to learn more about performance of Platinum Single Stage machines, how to increase...

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Mountaire officials have received a $255,000 grant from the Delaware Strategic Fund to build the hatchery, expected to increase chick production from 750,000 to 1.8 million each week, reports capegazette.com.

Mountaire Vice President of Human Resources and Business Services Mike Tirrell said the project is driven by customer demand.

"The company may seek other grants, but at this point the rest of the money is coming from Mountaire, Mountaire has been in Millsboro since 2000, and we are constantly updating,” Mr Tirrell said.

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Poultry Industry News SAFETY OF CHEMICAL USE IN POULTRY PLANTS QUESTIONED

US - A US action group, the Government Accountability Project (GAP), is calling into question the use of chemicals as disinfection agents in poultry plants.

GAP has released evidence that it says it has gathered from federal poultry inspector whistleblowers about chemical use in the industry and its health impacts.

GAP has published affidavits from two USDA inspectors that illustrate serious health hazards regarding chemical use they observed at multiple poultry processing plants.

GAP Food Integrity Campaign Director Amanda Hitt said: "The questionable chemical use in the poultry industry is clearly of great concern to inspectors and should be a concern to consumers as well. GAP has been investigating this issue at poultry processing plants for the last two years."

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MOY PARK EXPANDS REMIT INTO EUROPE

EU - The UK based business of global meat and poultry processor Marfrig, Moy Park, is to take responsibility for the leadership and management of Marfrig’s operations in Europe, as part of a European reorganisation of the Marfrig Group.

The new organisation will bring together the European business units of Keystone Europe, Seara and Marfrig under the direction of Moy Park, making Moy Park responsible for business turnover in Europe of around £1.5 billion.

The restructure, which takes effect from 15 April 2013, has been introduced as part of Marfrig’s strategy of becoming a leading global food company with a strong presence in its core markets.

According to Nigel Dunlop, who has been appointed as Moy Park Europe CEO, the purpose of this new and more integrated organisation will be to build on the core strengths and capabilities of each of the businesses currently operating...

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Processing & Packaging VION SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETES SALE FOR UK RED MEAT, POULTRY

UK - Following the announcement on 4 March 2013 that an agreement had been reached with Boparan Holdings Limited, the holding company for 2 Sisters Food Group for the sale of its Red Meat and Poultry activities, VION has announced that this deal has been completed.

Commenting on this announcement Peter Barr, chairman of VION UK, said: “Following the formal completion of the sale we would like to wish the 2 Sisters management team every success with their newly expanded business.”

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NORDIC POULTRY PARTNERSHIP FORMED BY CAPVEST, LANTMANNEN

SCANDINAVIA - CapVest and Lantmannen have created a premier poultry producer for the Nordic area.

CapVest Equity Partners II and Lantmännen ek have announced the formation of the Nordic region;s leading poultry producer, with a turnover of more than SEK5 billion. The new company will be created through the simultaneous acquisition of Kronfagel Group in Sweden and Denmark from Lantmännen, and Cardinal Foods in Norway from CapMan. The new ownership structure positions the business for further development in international markets, as well as opportunities for product development and innovation.

HIGHER QUALITY DEBONED MEAT WITH LIMA MACHINES

EU - In March 2012, EFSA published a long study confirming that "technological advances have resulted in low pressure products resembling minced meat", according to LIMA. In the early 1990s, LIMA filed a patent for its “D” soft deboning technology which are to dramatically improve the quality of the deboned meat in terms of structure, minimal bone content and extremely low calcium level.

This achievement has been made possible with a new design applying lower pressure-appropriate filter whole size and shape associated to hygienic conception.

This most recent LIMA development combines: - good quality level of the raw material

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The new company will consist of Kronfagel, SweHatch and Skanefagel in Sweden; Danpo in Denmark and Cardinal Foods in Norway. It will be led by a team of highly experienced executives drawn from both Kronfagel Group and Cardinal Foods, and is intended to be headed by Leif Bergvall Hansen as Group CEO. Commenting on the transaction, Kate Briant, Partner at CapVest and incoming Chairman said: "Food is one of our core investment sectors. It is fundamentally non-discretionary while offering strong potential for consolidation and growth.This transaction combines market leading businesses...

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Artículo

í Noticias y Análisis

Artículos

Multimedia

Directorio de Empresas Eventos Acerca de

Perspectivas del sector de pollo en México

Un informe reciente del Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos, (USDA GAIN), indica que a pesar de el brote de influenza aviar altamente patógena H7N3 en México, no ha cambiado el pronóstico para la producción de carne de pollo de engorda para 2013.

Bienvenido Chris Wright

Editor principal, Elsitioavicola.com chris.wright@5mpublishing.com

Algunos de los temas más importantes que se han presentado en el sitio recientemente incluyen: • Relación entre estrés, nutrición y enfermedad

• Influenza aviar en China

• Mercado de huevo en Europa

El USDA había pronosticado un crecimiento muy leve de solo 0.5%, a 2.975 millones de toneladas métricas para México antes del brote de influenza aviar.

El brote en 2013 en los estados de Guanajuato y Jalisco afectó a aves progenitoras, reproductoras pesadas, pollos de engorda y gallinas ponedoras comerciales.

Mientras que el USDA cree que el brote de influenza aviar altamente patógena es significativo para el sector de pollo mexicano, hasta el momento no cree que es necesario cambiar los pronósticos anteriores, si la situación permanece bajo control.

La Unión Nacional de Avicultores (UNA) es más optimista en su pronóstico para la avicultura mexicana en 2013, y calcula una producción de 3 millones de toneladas métricas de carne de pollo, indicando que el sector podrá recuperarse rápidamente.

Este mismo informe del USDA GAIN, publicado a fines de marzo, cambió su cálculo de la producción de carne de pollo en México en 2012. El pronóstico inicial de 2.965 millones de toneladas métricas ha bajado a 2.958 millones de toneladas métricas, así como se obtuvo más información de la UNA. La continua consolidación del sector de pollo ha ayudado a la industria en sí a amortiguar los elevados precios de los alimentos balanceados del año pasado. Además, el brote de influenza aviar H7N3 en el estado de Jalisco en 2012 no tuvo ningún efecto sobre la producción de carne de pollo ni su disponibilidad.

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ElSitioAvicola.com ¿HABRÁ OTRA SEQUÍA EN EUA?

MIRADA AL FUTURO EN LA INDUSTRIA DEL HUEVO

La Comisión Internacional del Huevo (IEC, por sus siglas en inglés) celebró el primer encuentro de este año 2013 en Madrid a principios de abril. Nuria Martínez Herraéz, editora de El Sitio Avícola, informa desde Madrid.

El catedrático Hans Wilhelm Windhorst de la Universidad de Vechta (Alemania), analista de estadísticas de la IEC, ofreció una visión general de la evolución de la producción y el mercado de exportación e importación mundial de la industria del huevo así como las tendencias que se espera que siga la industria en dichos aspectos.

Cabe destacar que se espera que, para 2025, los países asiáticos supongan alrededor de un 62% de la demanda mundial adicional de huevo.

El huevo, junto con la carne de pollo, es una proteína de alta calidad que cada vez demandarán más las economías emergentes...

Lea más aquí

Esta pregunta parece un poco tonta dado que en este momento hay inundaciones en muchas partes del Medio Oeste de los Estados Unidos, la zona productora de cereales del país. A pesar del exceso de lluvia, algunos pronósticos climáticos han estado indicando que existe la posibilidad de que se produzca otra importante sequía como la del 2012.

El resultado del exceso de lluvia es el posible retraso de los cultivos de esta primavera. Hasta el momento apenas se comienza a plantar maíz y hay un retraso del 5% en comparación con el año pasado. Realmente es demasiado temprano para saber.

El Departamento de Agricultura de EUA (USDA) indica que mientras el exceso de lluvia está retrasando los cultivos, que en realidad es beneficioso para las zonas productoras de granos. Mejor que el año pasado.

A pesar del exceso de lluvia, algunos pronósticos climáticos han estado indicando...

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EXPORTACIÓN DE CARNE DE POLLO SUPERA A LA DE VACA

Por primera vez, Argentina exporta más carne de pollo que de vaca. Las ventas al exterior sumaron 271.000 toneladas en 2012. En el país, el consumo anual por habitante pasó de 30 a 41 kilos.

Las exportaciones de carne de pollo sumaron 271.000 toneladas en el 2012, superando por primera vez en la historia a las 189.000 de los embarques de carne vacuna. La producción de carne de pollo sumó el año pasado 1,9 millones de toneladas, un 75% de los 2,53 millones de toneladas que se produjeron en carne vacuna.

Hasta el año 2000, las exportaciones de pollos no existían. En 1990 el consumo de pollo anual por habitante era de 30 kilos, mientras que el de carne vacuna ascendía a 77 kg. En 2012, las cifras se convirtieron en 41 kilos de pollo por habitante y año frente a 57 kilos de carne vacuna.

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Poultry Industry News

Problemas de locomoción en los pollos de engorda ¿Qué factores afectan la locomoción en los pollos de engorda? Varias presentaciones con pósters durante el Foro Científico Avícola Internacional en Atlanta en enero de 2013 abordaron este problema, escribe Chris Wright, editor principal de El Sitio Avícola.

EFECTO DE LAS TEMPERA-TURAS SOBRE LA SALUD DE LAS PIERNAS Edgar Oviedo-Rondón, Michael Wineland, Heather Cutchin Evans y John Small, de la Universidad Estatal de Carolina del Norte, Estados Unidos, indicaron que las temperaturas de crianza influyen en el desarrollo óseo de los pollos durante la fase de crecimiento más rápido.

Se realizaron tres experimentos en una granja comercial para evaluar los efectos de dos perfiles de temperatura de crianza sobre la salud de las piernas, la

42

locomoción y la incidencia de dermatitis de la almohadilla plantar a los 56 días de edad. Las recomendaciones de temperatura objetivo estándar en la caseta de la compañía integradora (CON) se compararon con las temperaturas de la caseta manejadas conforme a las temperatura corporales de las aves (CBT) diariamente.

Se utilizaron dos casetas parejas con una composición comparable de pollos de un día de edad. Se asignaron tratamientos a las diferentes casetas en cada experimento. Todas las casetas tenían las mismas dimensiones, cama reutilizada, calentadores en los muros laterales y equipo similar. En todos los experimentos se colocaron 20,800 pollos machos de línea “heritage” en cada caseta. Los pollos recibieron las mismas dietas y un manejo similar.

La temperatura corporal de al menos 50 pollos por

ElSitioAvicola.com caseta se tomaron diariamente durante las primeras dos semanas y luego una vez a la semana hasta los 35 días de edad. En el tratamiento de CBT, las temperaturas objetivo de la caseta se redujeron lentamente para evitar que la temperatura corporal promedio de la parvada aumentara por encima de 105° F (40.56° C) durante los primeros 5 días.

Después de la primera semana, las temperaturas objetivo de la caseta se ajustaron para evitar que la temperatura corporal promedio se elevara arriba de 107.5° F (41.94° C). A los 56 días de edad, se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 40 pollos en cada una de cinco distintas ubicaciones dentro de cada caseta para obtener los pesos corporales, evaluar las clasificaciones de la forma de caminar (GS), conforme al sistema Bristol, además de observar la presencia de problemas en las piernas.

En 200 pollos por caseta se evaluaron valgus/varus, piernas torcidas, dermatitis de la almohadilla plantar, dedos chuecos y quemaduras en el corvejón. Se usó el procedimiento GLIMMIx de SAS para evaluar los efectos del tratamiento sobre las probabilidades de observar cada condición de pierna o GS. En el primer experimento, los pollos bajo CBT tuvieron (P<0.05) mejor GS y menor incidencia de valgus (probabilidad 0.29) que los pollos en el tratamiento CON (probabilidad 0.38). No se observaron efectos significativos en el segundo experimento.

En el tercer experimento, en GS también resultaron afectados (P<0.05), pero en CBT hubo más problemas de locomoción que en los pollos CON. No se observaron otros efectos (P>0.05) sobre problemas de salud de las piernas o dermatitis de la almohadilla plantar.

Se concluyó que las temperaturas de crianza no afectan consistentemente la incidencia de dermatitis de la almohadilla plantar y los problemas de salud de las piernas tales como varus, valgus y piernas torcidas, pero pueden influir en ciertas dificultades de locomoción en los pollos.

PROBLEMAS DE LOCOMOCIóN y LAS CONDICIONES DE EQUILIBRIO En dos experimentos separados, Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara y sus colegas en la Universidade Federal da

Grande Dourados, Brasil, evaluaron la asociación entre los problemas de locomoción, la capacidad de las aves para caminar y la condición de equilibrio de machos y hembras de dos razas comerciales.

Un estudio observó a hembras de 530 días de edad y el otro estudio a machos de 530 días de edad de las razas Cobb 500 y Ross 308.

Para evaluar la clasificación de la forma de caminar (GS), se colocó a los animales sobre una superficie de un metro cubierto por cama y se tomaron notas sobre la capacidad de las aves para caminar. Para estimar la condición de equilibrio (BC) y el ángulo corporal (BA) se tomaron imágenes laterales de las aves considerando el cuerpo de los pollos como un volumen esférico de tal forma que se pudiera estimar la BC del animal hacia el suelo y el ángulo formado entre el pecho y el centro de la almohadilla plantar.

Incluso en la caseta avícola, las aves se evaluaron en busca de deformidades de varus y valgus. Estos pollos fueron sacrificados, se midió el peso del canal y se analizaron enfermedades locomotoras tales como discondroplasia tibial (TD), lesión de la articulación de degeneración femoral (FDJL) y espondilolistesis (SPO).

Se realizó el análisis de datos usando el software Minitab, a través de la herramienta de vector de asociación; se encontró que BC, BA, GS y SPO tienen una alta asociación de conducta entre unos y otros, confirmando la hipótesis de que BC, BA y SPO afectan directamente la conducta de las aves cuando caminan.

En las hembras la SPO tuvo una asociación media con GS, lo cual demostró que los animales afectados con la enfermedad tienen problemas para caminar. También se detectó que las deformidades valgus y varus no estaban asociadas, debido a que las aves con estas deformidades usualmente tienen piernas con el ángulo girado hacia afuera o adentro, respectivamente.

En las hembras hubo una asociación directa entre varus y FDJL, lo cual probablemente explica la razón de la apariencia del varus sobrecargado en la articulación femoral.

Lea más aquí

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INDUSTRY EVENTS Alltechâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Annual International Symposium 2013 Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 19th to 22nd May

Alltech's 29th Annual International Symposium will focus on the 2020 imperative, which will require the food and feed industries to rise to the challenge of feeding 6.7 billion hungry people.

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Each month we bring you the most important poultry industry events taking place around the world For more events please visit www.thepoultrysite.com/events

44

INDUSTRY EVENTS

VIV Russia 2013

Moscow, Russia, 21st to 23rd May

XXVI FEFAC Congress Krakow, Poland, 5th to 8th June

Organised by the European feed association, FEFAC, and IZBA, representing the Polish feed industry, the Congress will have the theme 'How to stay profitable in volatile times'.

IFFA 2013

Frankfurt, Germany, 4th to 9th May

The organisers say that IFFA is the leading trade fair for the meat industry and the world's most innovative patform for investment goods for the meat processing sector.

In 2013, the manufacturers will show their products and technologies for the entire meat-processing chain - from slaughter and cutting via processing to packaging and sales.

CIMAE 2013 - 4th China International Modern Agricultural Exhibition Beijing, China, 29th to 31st May

The event is organised by China Association for the Promotion of International Agricultural Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture and the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineers, and managed by Shixinlamp International Exhibition (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

45

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS HEALTH & WELFARE

Ceva Animal Health Tel: +33 (0) 557 554 040 Fax: +33 (0) 557 554 198 info@ceva.com www.ceva.com

Areas: Pharmaceuticals Vaccines Equipment:Vaccination and Medical) Feed: Additives

CEVA SantĂŠ Animale is a global veterinary health company focused on the research, development, production and marketing of pharmaceutical products and vaccines for pets, livestock, swine and poultry.

Merck Animal Health animal-health-communications@merck.com www.merck-animalhealth.com

Areas: Feed: Safety Products Feed: Additives Feed Cleaning/Disinfectants Pharmaceuticals

Merck Animal Health offers veterinarians, farmers, pet owners and governments the widest range of veterinary pharmaceuticals, vaccines and health management solutions and services

Zoetis Tel: +1 919 941 5185 GP.Marketing@zoetis.com www.zoetis.com

Areas: Vaccines Biodevices Feed Additives Diagnostics

Zoetis strives to support those who raise and care for farm animals by providing a range of products and services that offer tangible solutions to the many challenges veterinarians and livestock producers face every day.

Aviagen Tel: +1 256 890 3800 Fax: +1 256 890 3919 info@aviagen.com www.aviagen.com

Areas: Breeding Genetics

BREEDING & GENETICS

The Aviagen Group is the global market leader in poultry genetics. As the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s premier poultry breeding company, Aviagen develops pedigree lines for the production of commercial broilers and turkeys.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS To feature your business in here please contact alex.guy@5mpublishing.com For more businesses please visit www.thepoultrysite.com/directory

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BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS Areas: Breeding Genetics

Cobb broiler breeding stock has the sustained advantage of the most efficient feed conversion and highest potential for profitability for the company’s global customers.

Grimaud Frères Sélection Areas: Tel: +33 (0)2 41 70 36 90 Breeding Fax: +33 (0)2 41 70 31 67 Genetics grimaudfreres@ grimaudfreres.com www.grimaudfreres.com

Grimaud Frères are a multi-species selection and breeding operator in the service of the watefowls and festive poultry field.

Hubbard Tel: +33 296 79 63 70 Fax: +33 296 74 04 71 contact.emea@ hubbardbreeders.com www.hubbardbreeders.com

Areas: Breeding Genetics

Hubbard provides solutions that focus on the economic performance, health and well-being of breeding stock. Hubbard specializes in state-of-the-art selection programs to improve the performance of their pure lines.

Hy-Line Tel: +1 515 225 6030 Fax: +1 515 225 6030 info@hyline.com www.hyline.com

Areas: Breeding Genetics

Hy-Line International is a world leader in poultry layer genetics with a rich history of innovation. Hy-Line was the first poultry breeding company to apply the principles of hybridization to commercial layerbreeding.

Novogen Tel: +33 296 58 12 60 Fax: +33 296 58 12 61 contact.novogen@ novogen-layers www.novogen-layers.com

Areas: Breeding Genetics

NOVOGEN offers a new alternative giving the egg producers more choice and possibilities to fit their specific market requirements.

Indbro Poultry Tel: +91 (40) 241 5594 drkotaiah@ indbropoultry.com www.indbro.com

Areas: Breeding Genetics

Started off as a Broiler breeding company, with pure line birds developed and bred under Indian Climate, feed & management since 1990.

Cobb Vantress Tel: +1 479 524 3166 Fax: +1 479 524 3043 info@cobb-vantress.com www.cobb-vantress.com

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BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS

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CID LINES Tel: +32 5721 7877 Fax: +32 5721 7879 info@cidlines.com www.cidlines.com

Areas: Biosecurity Cleaning Feed: Additives Health and Safety Pest Control Welfare

PCS Poultry Services Tel: +44 (0) 1386 701 812 Fax: +44 (0) 1386 701 376 admin@pcspoultry.com www.pcspoultry.com

Areas: Biosecurity Hygiene Cleaning Services Pest Control

BIOSECURITY & HYGIENE

CID LINES offers VIROCID, the most powerful disinfectant, which is part of a hygiene program for poultry, written by hygiene specialists.VIROCID has a proven record in preventing and fighting disease outbreaks for many years.

FOSSIL SHIELD + PCS Poultry, the solution to your red mite problem. Unique professional on-site electrostatic application with Fossil shield, a non-toxic natural diatomaceous powder.

FEEDING & NUTRITION

AB Vista Tel: +44 (0) 1672 517650 Fax: +44 (0) 1672 517660 info@abvista.com www.abvista.com

Areas: Feed Feed: Additives Feed: Nutrition

AB Vista is an integrated international supplier of new generation micro-ingredients for animal feeds providing visionary solutions for your agribusiness.

Biomin Tel: +43 2782 803 0 Fax: +43 2782 803 30 office@biomin.net www.biomin.net

Areas: Feed Feed: Additives Feed: Nutrition

BIOMIN offers sustainable animal nutrition products such as quality feed additives and premixes, which include solutions for mycotoxin risk management, a groundbreaking natural growth promoting concept as well as other specific solutions

Danisco Tel: +44 (0) 1672 517777 Fax: +44 (0) 1672 517778 info.animalnutrition@ danisco.com www.danisco.com/ animalnutrition

Areas: Feed: Additives

Danisco’s ingredients are used globally in a wide range of industries – from bakery, dairy and beverages to animal feed, laundry detergents and bioethanol – to enable functional, economic and sustainable solutions

Global Bio-Chem Areas: Tel: (852) 2838 8155 Feed Fax: (852) 2838 8433 Feed: Additives contact@globalbiochem.com www.globalbiochem.com

Global Bio-Chem is the largest producer of Lysine worldwide and pioneers of corn refined and corn based products. Our products are utilized in feed products, food, beverage, cosmetics, textiles, pharmaceuticals and chemicals industry worldwide.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS Kerry Ingredients & Flavours EMEA Tel: +31 36 523 3100 Fax: +31 36 523 3110 clive.girdler@kerry.com www.kerry.com

Areas: Feed Feed: Additives Feed: Safety

Kerry Animal Nutrition aims to identify and commercialise existing Kerry ingredients and technologies to create potential world beaters in animal nutrition and health

Novus International Tel: +1 314 576 8886 Fax: +1 314 576 2148 contact@novusint.com www.novusint.com

Areas: Feed Feed: Additives Feed: Nutrition

Novus International is a global leader of animal health and nutrition programs for the poultry, pork, beef, dairy aquaculture and companion animal industries.

Optivite Tel: +44 (0) 1909 537 380 Fax: +44 (0) 1909 478 919 info@optivite.com www.optivite.com

Areas: Feed: Additives Feed: Nutrition

Optivite specialises in the design, development, manufacture and distribution of nonhazardous, drug free ingredients and additives for the maintenance and enhancement of feed quality.

HOUSING & EQUIPMENT Agrilamp Tel: +44 (0) 1332 547 118 Fax: +44 (0) 208 439 1538 info@agrilamp.com www.agrilamp.com

Areas: Equipment: Lighting & Electrical

AgriLampâ&#x201E;˘ is a leading LED manufacturer with years of experience in designing and manufacturing the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most innovative LED (light-emitting diode) lighting solutions for the agricultural industry.

Big Dutchman Tel: +49 4447 801 0 Fax: +49 4447 801 237 big@bigdutchman.de www.bigdutchman.com

Areas: Equipment: Breeding Equipment: Drinking Equipment: Egg Equipment: Feeding Equipment: Weighing

The poultry equipment supplier for layer management, breeder management, poultry growing and poultry climate control.

Space-Ray Heaters Tel: +44 (0) 1473 830 551 Fax: +44 (0) 1473 832 055 info@spaceray.co.uk www.spaceray.co.uk

Areas: Equipment: Heaters

SPACE-RAy manufactures high efficiency infra-red radiant heating solutions (also known as direct gas fired radiant heating), for industrial, commercial, agricultural or leisure purposes

Termotechnica Pericoli Tel: +39 0182 589006 Fax: +39 0182 589005 termotecnica@pericoli.com www.pericoli.com

Areas: Climate Control Climate Management Heating, Cooling and Ventilation

A global market leader specializing in climate technology since 1967 in design, manufacture and distribution of efficient/quality heating, cooling and ventilation equipment and systems for the poultry industry with a full range of products to meet all specification and applications.

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BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS Vencomatic Tel: +31 (0) 497 517380 Fax: +31 (0) 497 517364 info@vencomatic.com www.vencomatic.com

Areas: Equipment: Breeding Equipment: Drinking Equipment: Egg handling and grading Equipment: Nesting

Vencomatic is a global supplier of innovative and welfare friendly housing solutions for the poultry sector.The flexible and turn key solutions of Vencomatic offer large possibilities for a wide range of poultry production concepts.

INCUBATION & HATCHING

EggTester.com (officially known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Orka Food Technologyâ&#x20AC;?) is a leading worldwide manufacturer of egg-quality testing equipment to be used extensively in QC laboratories operated by egg producers, packers, universities, regulatory authorities, and primary breeders.

Orka Food Technology Tel: +852 8120 9245 Fax: +852 2802 7112 info@orkatech.com www.eggtester.com

Areas: Equipment: Egg Equipment: Hatching Equipment: Incubation

Pas Reform Tel: +31 314 659 111 Fax: +31 314 652 572 info@pasreform.com www.pasreform.com

Areas: Equipment: Incubation Equipment: Egg Equipment: Environment Equipment: Hatching Waste Handling

Pas Reform is an international company, which has specialized in the development of innovative hatchery technologies for the poultry sector since 1919. Products and Services: Incubators, Hatchery Automation Systems, Hatchery Climate Control Systems and Hatchery Management Training.

Petersime Tel: +32 9 388 96 11 Fax: +32 9 388 84 58 info@petersime.com www.petersime.com

Areas: Equipment: Hatching Equipment: Incubation

Petersime is a world leader in the development of incubators. hatchery equipment and turnkey hatcheries.

EVENTS & EXHIBITIONS

VIV Tel: +31 30 295 28 98 viv@vnuexhibitions.com www.viv.net

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Areas: Events & Exhibitions

With 7 VIV exhibitions all over the world VIV trade exhibitions are recognized for high trade quality in the professional industry.With over a 1,000 international companies exhibiting and visitors from over 140 countries the VIV-shows are also considered as very international.