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CesepoarnaxrnvecKoro naKTa Bca 3ana.qHae Eapona o(aganacb BTgHyrot I rAepHyto crpaTeFro CtllA. aqlicno aMeo[xaHcxrx 6ag ga py6exoM K KoHrty 1960-x roAoB Aocrhrno 3 400!

Ho c re,{eHlreM BpeMeHu aMept4xaHcKxe BoeHHbte 14 nonLTr4xx no{tunl.l K noHllMaHl4|o TOrO, qTO nprcyTcTane cTpaTert,rgecxot aBxauux Ha hHocr-

paHHbx TeppxTopxflx cBg3aHo c

..,

Elffi-*l

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17 cHBape 1955 roAa .HayTXnycD BHuren Ha xoaoBue xcNbITAHT9 B OTKOHTHi OXEAH, X ero nepsbri KoMaHAr4p lo,qxhH B]1nKl1HcoH nepe,qA,

I ooxp or-

xpurbrM TeKcroM: "l4AeM noA ATOMHHM ABNTATENEM'.

cqrrar

a6conrcTHo Ho-

Boi oHeprerrqecKoi ycraHoBxn "Mapx-2", noAKa t4Mena o6Hr{Hyro KoHcrpyKqxD.

npr

aoAoxgMeuleHH!,r "Hayrxnyca'

orono 4 000 roHH AByxBarbHaq aToMHag 3Heprer[qecKag

C[ycK

pxcKoM rSMeHeHl4g nofl ]lTl4gec-

cy6Maprr16!

xoi c]1ryaqxx

Ha BOtry

crpaHe, no0ToMy

Toi lrnn nHoi Hoc14TeneM

aroMHoro opyxxe a 6yayurei BoFHe Bce qaqe BxAencg Onor.

OKoH{arenbHo ara reHAeHqxg yKpenxnacb nocne y6€al|TenbHUX l4CnHTaHHi aTOMHUX 60M6

y aronna ExKrHr. B t948 roay aMepuKaHcK},|e KoHcTpyKropbl 3aKoHql'rrl,r pa3pa60TKy npoeK-

ycTaHoBxa cyMMapHofi MoulHocrbo 9 860 KBr o6ecneqnBana cKopocrb 6onee 20 y3noB. AanbHocrb nraBaHHq B noABOAHOM

nOnOXeHhri COCTaAfl q-

ra 25 000 Mr4nb npx

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r BHHoc'|'|BocTr4 ,rr,r9Horo cocTaBa, cr]r gKrnaxa

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ycTaHoaKx ll npxcTynllr4 x npoeKTr,rpoBaHxp t,| crpolTenbcTBy

aToMHOi yCTaBOBXI4 Oxa3anacb oqeHb BenxKa, h3-34 oToro Ha

onHrHoro peaxTopa.

IIoue

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e anpe,Te 1949 eoda Ceeepoanuaa -

3AaHXn onoTa aroMHbrx cy6MapxH, xoTopHe He ToflbKo AonxHH 6Hn, Hecrr Ha ce6e caep-

He ypS,locb ycra"Hayrunyce" qacTb

npeaycMorpeHHoro npoeKroM BoopyxeH[g h 060HOAriTb

pyAoBaHrg . ocHoaHoi npr+{rHoi

yrcxeagHrg 6Hna 6ronorrqe-

HO l,t

cKae 3aqnTa, a cocTaB KoTopoi BxoArr carHeu, cTanb !r lpynie Marepxanbr (oKono 74O roHH). B

E6pona ora3auac6

qa" Kopa6re. CrpoxrenbcrBo nepBof raxof noAKr, HapeqeHHof B eecrb

cocTaBfl9n14 txecTb HocoaHx

o adepxyn

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6ct 3anad as

smt ymoi

caA,

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6a3

m ptGexorr 1960-x zodos docnuzno

3 400!

rMerb aroMHHi peaKrop a Ka'{ecrBe lcepAHOe

Opy)(]le,

npxayMaHHoft xDneM BepHoM,

"HaynanycoM,

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xMeauei 060-

3Haqexr4e SSN-571, Haganocb 14 vFP|e 1952 roAa Ha aepox I TporoHe. 21 sHBape 1954 ropa

.Hayrxnyc" 6un cnyqex xa BOAy, a eepe3 BoceMb Mece-

- 30 ceHTg6pi - npr4Hqr Ha BoopyxeHxe BMC CtllA. qeB

xrore Boop)D(eH[e "Hayn4rryca"

533-MxnnxMerpoBHx ropneAHHX annaoaros c 60eKoMnneKToM a 24 TopneAH.

ntOil:rH rlAYlXlYGlr KaK x a r06oM HoBoM aene, He o6ouJnocb 6e3 npo6[eM.

Eqe ao BpeMr hcnbaraHri 3HepFeT14.{ecxoi ycraHoBK!l npoll3ouren pagpbrs rpy6onpoBOAa aTOpOrO KOHrypa, nO xO-

lfitffi__ nap c reMneparypoi oKono 2 200'C TOpOMy HaCbrqeHHbti

noA AaBneH[eM 18 aTMocoep nocrynan !13 naporeHepaToDa x ryp6rHe. Kc{acTb|o, oTo 6Hrrr He rnaBHbtt, a BcnoMoraTenbHbti naponpoaoA. nph,rlaHoi aBap[x, KaK BbtqcHUJ|OCb, 6brn npor43BoacTBeHHHi Aeoe(T: BMecro Tpy6 h3 Ka9ecTaeHHoi yrnepoaxcToi

cran[

MapKx A-106 B napoflpo!€ MeHee npo.{Horo MaTepHaIa. ABap},tg BOA BKnOgl,|n!4 Tpy6bt

3acTaarna aMeolrxaHcK[x KoHcTpyKTopoB nocTaBxTb noA coMHeHUe Uenecoo6oa3HocTb

florb3oBaHr,r9 caapHHX

xc-

rpy6

Cl,'rCTeMaX nOABOAHbtx nOAOK,

paooTaDqxx noA AaBneHl4eM. nocne BcrynneHxq noAKr B crpoi no CM14 Ha.iana qxpKynlapoBarb rHoopMaqlc, 6!Aro

6u nu,lxui cocraa "Hayrunyca' nonygun cepbe3HHe ao3u

paahaqrix x3-3a Hea@TaTXoB B KoHcrpyKr-lxx 6ronorngecKoi 3aullrbr aToMHoi gHepreTttgecxoi ycTaHoB(H. Coo6ulanocb, 9TO BOeHHO-MOpCKOMy KOMaHaoB€lHl4|o npxrunocb B cneulHoM

nop9aKe npoxsBecru eacTl4eHyo 3aMeHy 9KlrnaKa, a noaBoaHyto noary nocTaBhTb B aoK ana BHeceHxg B KOHCTpyKqXO salql,|fH

HeooxoAxMHx h3MeHeHri. Ha-

cKoflbxo BepHa 3Ta ltH(DopMa-

qxs, HeISaecTHo ao ct4x noD. 4 Mae 1958 ro,qa Ha "Hafixnyce', cneaoBaaueM B noaaoAHoM nonoxeHl4x l43 naHaMH B CaH-(DpaHqrcKo, nporso',en noxap B ryp6ranHoM orceKe. BogropaHxe nponhTaHHoi MacnoM ltgo'|gqur,t ryp6[HH neaoro 6opra HaYanocb 3a HecKoltbKo AHet Ao noxapa, Ho ero npl,li]Haxr,r octaernl,| 6eg lonxr|oro BHH-

MaHut

co{,lu

nerKt,|i 3anax aHMa

3a 3anax

nx do6u,|o

caexei

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rorAa, nrtHOrO COJrr,,ruJb

cTaBa a oTceKe u3-3a 3aabtM-

cTaro HeBo3MoxHuM. Iogxa 6una abrHyxAeHa

neHHocTr4

acnnbrBaTb B Ha,qBoaHoe

no'lo-

17 txeapa 1955 eoda

oHaymuyc> auuetl

xeHue. ycr4neHHac BeHTrng-

qxg oTceKa npuxecta cao],l

pe3ynbraTH, 11 oKnnaxy yaanocb Hairl,l MecTo Bo3roOaHt49. ABa Marpoca B nporhBoAgMHHX MaCXaX C nOMOUlbn

6 OmKpUmU, u eeo nepaui Ko a dup

Iodxur

HOXei

nnocxoryoqeB np{H9n]acb

Butrurcoa

cArpaTb TneoqyK) 143onrqt4o c xopnyca ryp6uru. 143-noA co-

nepeda,t

paaHHoro Kycxa 143on9qnr,t au6uncr cror6 nnaMeHt,l BHcoroi oxono Merpa. B xo4 norujrl,l neHHbte orHeTyul l,tTer l,t.

Pa6oru no yAaneHg.ro hooneqxil npoAonxani4cb. tlNc[ef n pr4xoal'rnocb MeH9Tb qepes KaxAHe 10-15 Mt1Hyr - eAKlai abrM npoHhKan aaxe B MacKtr. Tonuxo ,repes tetupe {aca Bcg !43o/lrqu9 c ryp6uHH 6btna yaareHa x noxap noryuJeH. nocne nplaxoAa noAkr,t B CaH-OpaHqucKo ee KoMaH,qlp ocyqecTBun pea MeponplreTr,ri, HanpaBneHHhtx Ha noBbtuJeHl,|e

noxapo6e3onacHocrr

Kopa6ne, B ractHocri4, crapae r,r3ornqhq 6Hna yAaneHa H co

Bropoi ryp6uHbr.

143onxpyro-

ultlMx AbrxaTenbHbtMu annapaTaM[ 6Hn o6ecne,{eH Becb ll4rtHHi cocraB noABoAHoi ,toAxt4.

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xap6opa c uenbo aocrxrb CeaepHoro non|oca. Ha,{anocb Bce c roro, qro a KoHqe 1956 roAa HaqanbHxK ura6a BMC aaMupan 63pK no-

nyqrn nhcbMo oT ceHaropa AxeKcoHa. Ce8aropa !4HTepecoBana B03MoxHocTb AeicTB14i aToMHbrx cy6Map!1H noa naKoBbtMl,,t Jr bAaMt4 ApKTl,lKl4. 9TO nr4cbMo 6Hno nepBot nacro.{-

Koi, 3acraBuBurei KoMaHAoBaHXe aMeprKaHcKoro onora Bcepbe3 3a,qyMarbca 06 opraHx3auhu noxoaa K ceaepHoMy o

B Mae 1958 roAa, Bo BpeMt

non|ocy. t{acrb aMepxKaHcKl,rx

nyca, x noxoc€BepHur nonoc, Ha noAKe liMejra Mecro (aoaoTeqHocrb' maBHoro KoHAeHcaropa napo-

aAMrpanoB cqr4Tana 3aTe0 6e3-

Haymu,ryct

a $oue

nqAroroaKu

Mauxsnmeaa

(Hay

ryp6!'rHHoi ycTaHoBKt,r. npoca.l[aaoula9cg a KoHAeHcaTHo-nhTa-

renbHyro c!4creMy 3a6oprHac BOAA

Morna gBXTbCg npuqUHOi

3acoreHxg aToporo KoHrypa BbrBecrh

1,,t3

cTpog Bcro SHepre-

Tr4qecxylo c!4cTeMy xopa6,19. HeoAHoKparHHe nonHT(]4 HatT[

MecTo npoTeYKu He npraenr K 14 KoMaHA[p noaBoaHoi noAKr npxHnn oplruHarbHoe pe-

ycnexy,

BJrecmo

o*udae oi <Haymu,tyct acmpemuJt

dpeiQynugn ttduuy.

Omcno

ano6e-

aodxa cu,toxo n@pedu,la nepuctaon, u

ronandup

<Eaymunycat npu4tn pewenue eepnymbct

xalad. mcEopexewrui epucron c

noxodnux

yc reutx-

ueHxe. llocne np]1xoAa <Hayrl1nyca" a cxoTn MaTpocbl a uraTcKoi oAexae - noaroToBKa no-

xoAa Aepxanacb a crporoi raiHe - cKynunr B aBToMo6rnbHblx

paccyaHoi r| 6Hna KaTerop[-

gecK],| npor[a. HecMorps Ha 9ro, KoMaHAy0utxi noABoaHHMl,r ct4naM!r ATnaHTnrecKoro Onora nonaran nonqpHbrf noxoa aenoM peueHHbrM. h AH-

aepcoH Hagan roToal4Tbcs

HeMy c yrpoeHHbrM paeHxeM. yCTaHoB!4Ha

"Hayrruyce"

nu cneqxanbHyo annaparypy, no3aolnauy|o onpeAenqTb cocrofH,le nbAa, i4 HoBHf xoMnac MK-l9, KoropHi AeicrBoBan B BbrcoKl4x uJt4porax. nepeA noxoaoM AHAepcoH pasAp6bn caMHe cBexxe Kaprbf u nowx c rny6uHaM!4 ApKrxKU t,.| AAxe CoBeprlxn aBnanepeneT, MapuJpyr KoTopo-

ro coBnaAat c nnaHlpyeMHM

Mara3rHax Bco naTeHToBaHHylo xl4aKocTb ang 3anxBKlr B paararooH a8ToMoo[nefi c qenbD npeKpauleHlig TeYu.

MapupyroM (Hayrxnycar. '19 aBrycra 1957 ro,qa "l-hyTlnyc' B39n Kypc Ha paioH Mex4y fpeHnaHAlrei x ljJnrq6epreHoM. nepBbri npo6Hbti

(oKono 80 nrrpoB) 6HJra BHnr4Ta

BHXOA Cy6MaplrHb| nOA naKoBHi nea oKaSance HeyaarHHM. KorAA sxoneAoMep saonKcrpoaan Hy,leByo Tonql48y nhaa, noaKa nonbtranacb acnnbrrb. BMecro

nonoalaHa gToi x{aKocrl,t

a KoHAeHCaTOp, noore ilero Hh a Cuarfle, Hh no3xe Bo BpeMq noxola npo6neMa 3aconeHrm xoHaeHcaropa He Bo3HrKana.

C:lltlllll

oxxaaeMoi nonHHbr4 *HayrxJrycb Bcrperxn Apeioynqy|o nu4nry. Or cronxtoBeHxg c Hei

1958 roaa "HaFxnyc' noA KoiraHAoBaHr4eM yxnbg-

noaKa clrnbHo noBpeal,|na nePt,|cKOn, u KOMaHAMP qHayrxnyCa, nprHtn peueHre aepHyrb-

(HAITI|YCI nOl

notbcot

r|off

Ma AHAepcoHa BHUen l13

nepn-

Ifirffiffi-_ cc Ha3AIl,

Il(

K KpOMKe naKOB. l4C-

KOpexeHHHr nepucKon gy.Hnnu B noxoAHbrx ycnoBltgx.

He npuHecaa pesynbrara u nonpca. tlepes napy qacoB, nocne Toro KaK nHayrunyc, nepeceK BTOpag nonbrTKa AOCTl4.{b

86-n napaanerb,

BbnJJnl,t

143

crpon o6a rupoKoMnaca. AngepcoH peul!4n He rcqyuarb cy4u6y n oTpfl.n nphKa3 noBopaqnBaTb -

Hrn, 6uno o6ucenexo o6 yvac-

rrr ropa6.nn e yve6xurx MaHeBp€x BMecre c noAKaMr oCxefir, r "XaQ6ur,.

9 rpxg 1958 roAa nHayrnnyc, ompaBllncn BcBoe BTopoe nonqp-

Hoe nnaBaHhe. Korga Cusrn ocTancf, .qareKo noga4r, AH4epcoH npxKa3an 3aKpacrrb xouep cy6MapuHbf Ha orpaxAeHuu py6xn,

vro6u coxpaH[Tb

l4HKorHhTO.

B BbtcoKl.tx uJt4poTax AaXe MU3epHoe oTKnoHeHXe OT npaBltnbHOrO Kypca Morno oKa3aTbcg

vereeprui4exu nyrn "Hayrr4rfycD npn6nusuncn r Areyr-

poKoBbtM

ue npxAeTcg

BbtBecryt xopa6nu r nur,un q]DKoro

ga6rroi nbAaM[

6epera. "Hayrunyc" noBepHyn 'l80 Ha3afl Bcero e

r\rraqx or ro.{Kn nepeceqeHng Mepu.quaHoB,

B roxqe orrn6pr 1957 ro4a AHgepcoH Bucrynun e Senou AOMe C AOKnaAOM O nOXOAe nOA

apKrxqecKnM u nb6Mu. Aoxaa4 BbrcJrlulanll c nexoropuu 6eapaa,14'{reM. Teu cunuxee cr€Ino xenaHue KoMaHAUpa "Hayrrnyca" oTnpaB[TbC9 K non|ocy cHoBa.

O6gyuuean ero nnaBaHre, AH4epcox no4roroBl4l nhcbMo e 6eaHi AoM, B KoropoM AoKaSbrBan,

qro nepexoA qepe3 no-

nloc craHeT peanbHocTbp )DKe B cne4ypu{eM roAy. Vs aAuuHucrpaqnr npesuAeHra Aanx nOHgTb, qTO KOMaHAUp

oHayrn-

nycaD MoxeT paccqnTbtBaTb Ha

noEAepxKy. VAeeil 3axHrepe-

coBancs u llexrarox. Bcxope

arqMrpan Sepx 4oaoxhn o roroBguleMcg noxoAe caMoMy

xoropui orHecce Axgepcoxa c 6onu-

npe3uAeHry,

K nnaHaM tuxM 3HTy3l,la3MOM.

Onepaqun 6una crporo cexpernoi - KoMaHAoBaHhe onaca-

nocb HoBof HeyAaH[. OAeransx

noxoAa 3Hara rolbKo He6onbuJan rpynna apAei B npaBh-

TenbcrBe. Yro6u cKpbtrb l4c-

rrHHyo npuquHy ycraHoBKn Ha o Hayrulyce, AononH[TenbHoro HaBnraqroHnoro o6opyAoBa-

cKxM

ocrpoBau. 3xas, qroAanb-

l4ATr nO MenKOBO-

OTOEbITO

Hednorcpamnwe nonumrcu Hailmu .ilecmonpome\Ku

npueelu Kycnery,

u rconandup nodeodnoil/rodrcu npuilnr, opu?uHanbiloe peweHue.

Iloue npwoila <Hoymwtyca> a Cugmt

ilampocw e wmamcrcoil odecrcde

Abro, KoMaH4up ropa6nf, cKoMaHAoBa, Bcnrbtrue. "Hayrn,rycD Aonro MaHeBprpoBan B oroM pafoHe - ncKan yAo6Hyn 6per.uu B qenx ocrpoBoB, ,{ro6ur npo6parucn Ha ceBep. HaroHeq

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no4eo4xuE ropa6lu Bouen

Sepunroao uope.

Tenepu oHayrunycy" npeAcroqno npocKovnru vepee

norpurui

yerri,

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AecgToK Merpoe. Oxu nerKo Mor-

nn pa34aBlrru uHayrrnyc,, nprxaB noABoAHuI ropa6au rogxy. Hecuorpn Ha ro qro gHaqrrerbHae qacrb nyrr 6una npoiAena, Axgepcox orAan nphKa3 cneAoaaru o6parxuM KypcoM.

Kouaxgup "Hayruryca, xe

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aemouo6uaefi

c 4e./tbn npeKpat4eHun melu. Eonoeuna emoil xudrcocmu (orcuo S0numpoa)

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npo6aeua 3ACOJTeHUt

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uJr4x

noxoA, HecoMHeHHo, yBeH-

qaercn ycnexoM. V euy Aanu eqe oAl4H uJaHc. AHAepcon Haean AeicrBoBarb. ,4,|9 Ha6,|loAeH1,|9 3a ne-

Aoaoi o6craHoBKofi oH Bblcnarl Ha AngcKy cBoero ulrypMaHa AxeHxca. flo nerenAe, oH eB-

6op. Ha nocroeHHoM Kypce noA-

Eqe ,{epee ABa AHe, npoAenaB

2 90O-uuauui nYru, nHayrr4/c, )D(e pacceKan eoAu 9Y(orcxoro Mopfl. He Bepntlocb, qTo eu4e Me-

cnq Ha3ag oHo 6ur|o sa6rro uaccr4BHbrM naKoBblM nhAoM. 1 aerycra cy6uaprxa onycrl4-

nacb noA naKoBble apKTl4qecK[e nbAbr, MecTaMu yxo.qflqre B BoAy xa rny6ury4o 20 uerPoB.npo-

eecru oHayrrnycD noA

H14Ml4

6uno xenerxo. floqru Bce BPeMq AxAepcoH caM crorn Ha Baxre.

Sxunax xopa6an 6un egeonnpeAcrofl ulxM co6blTheM, KOTOpOe XoTenocb oTMerxrb AonxHbru o6pasou. Hexoropbre, HanpuMep, npeAnaraHOBaH

,rl4 onhcaTb BoKpyr nonpca 25 He6onbutlx KpyroB. Tor4a. o1-;3Y-

runycD cluor 6u

eoiru a Kxrry

peKopAoB l-uxxecca KaK

KO-

pa6nu, nepobtM B xcropl4l4 MopennaBaHng coeepurraurni 25 KpyrocBerHblx nyreulecrerl e oAHOM nOXOAe.

AxAepcox cnpaBeArtuBo cqlr-

Tar, qro o nogo6Hbtx MaHeBPax He Moxer 6uru r peqr - cnuLll-

Ifi^"ffi--

rTX flOEHTO

KOM BerlrKa BepogTHocTb C6t4Tbce c Kypca. KoruaH4rpa nHayrunycaD BOnHOBanh COBCeM Apy-

rhe npo6neuu. tlro6u nepe-

ceqb non|oc KaK MoXHo TO'{Hee, Argepcox He orpuBan B3rngAa

or yKa3arenei enerrpoxaarraqr4oHHbtx npr6opoe. 3 aarycra e 23.15 L{enb noxoAa

Ceeep-

xui reorpaQrrecxni nontoc - 6una AocrlrHyra.

3eunra

paioxe nonoca Aonbule, qeM sToro He sagepxrBaecb B

norpe6oBan c6op crarhcrt4qe-

qrnh

B xoHqe 1950-x roAoB ABa QpaHqyscruax KoHcnuponora xccneAoBare au r aitnl. Tperuero peixa f'loeenu ra Sepxue. hxcraTbg He npourna MltMo BH[MaHUfl

coBercKt4x cneqcnyx6. 26 ruapra 1960 ro.qa MxHucrp o6opoxu

Mapuan CCCP Marhxoacrui nonyqun panopr or l4HxeHepa-

nonKoBHl,tKa, KaHAUAaTa HayK

floneraeea: oB

auepuraHcrux Boopyxex-

cr4lax npuHqra Ha BooplDKeHhe renenarrn (nepe4ava uuc-

nef

AepcoH HanpaBhn noAeoAxbti ropa6nu e l-peHaaH4cKoe Mope. oHayruycy" npeAcronno npu6uru e paiox PeixueBuKa, rAe AonxHa 6una cocroqrbcg ceKperHae Bcrpeva. Beproaer, oxuAaauJhi noMoAKy B roqKe paH-

HecTBe CpeACTBa CBR3X C nOABOAHbTMU noAKaMu, HaXOAgt ql4Ml4cr B nnaBaHll4... Hayrxue uccneAoBaH[g nO TenenaTxn BeAyrcg aaBHO, HO, Ha{}tHag C KOHqa '1957 roga, B pa6ory

AeBy, cHen c 6opra cy6uapnxu TOnbKO OAHO|-O qenoBeKa - Ko-

cKre opraHrsaqlrh CIIJA: oPeHA

MaHAhpa An4epcoHa. Cnycrn 1 5 urHyr eeproner npxgeMnhncn a KeQnaeuKe peAoM c roroBbrM K OTnpaaKe TpaHcnopTHbtM

caMoneroM. Korga xoneca caMonera KocHynlcb noca4ovHoi AopoxKr aspoApoMa e Baut,tHrroHe, AHAepcoHa yxe ox[Aana MauxHa, BbtcnaHHaq ug Eenoro AoMa, - KOMaHAupa (HayTnnycaD noxenan yBhAeTb npe3uAeHr. flocne orrera o6 one-

paqhh Ax4epcona cHoBa Bep-

Hynh Ha 6opr aogru, Koropac 3a 3TO BpeMg ycnena AocTl4qb

flopraenga.

9epes uJecrb

4xei oHayrr-

n ero KoMaHAUp C nOqeTOM BXoAxnu a Huo-lZopr. B rx,{ecre

Ha paccroeH[e 6eg nouo-

ulh rexHxqecKnx cpeAcrB) B Ka-

BKnpqu-

nhcb KpynHHe xccleAoBaTenb-

Kopnopeiuex", oBecrrxray3n,

"Eenn reaeQoH KoMnaHuD t4 Apyrre. B ronqe pa6or 6uur npoBeAeH gKcneprMeHr - nepeAaqa

rnQopuaqrn c noMot{b|o renenatrqecroi cBq3l4 c 6asH xa noABoAHyo

lO4ry "HayrlrnycD,

HaxoAl4Bulytocfl B norp\DKeHHOM

cocTogHlil4 nOA nOngpHHMX nbAaMyt Ha paccroeHr4n

ao 2 000

Kr4noMerpoB or 6asu. Onur npouJe,l ycneuHo).

Muxrcrp,

KaK ta oxu.qAnocb,

xuBo 3auHTepecoBafl cc

TaKhM nopa3uTenbHbtM ycnexoM noTeH-

qhanbHoro npornBHnKa. Suno npoBeAeHO HeCKOnbKO CeKpeTHbrx

coBerFHtri c yraclaeu co-

nyc>>

BeTCKI4X

6un ycrpoen eoenHui napaA...

ncrxorortah. O6cpx4anacu eosMoxHocrb orKpbtrt4g pa6or no

IEIAI HA aHAlIllflVCEn Paccragusaor, 6y4ro 6u na

no4eo4noi no4Ke "Hayrrnyc"

npoBoArnl,tcb oKcnephMeHTbt no ycraHoBfl eH h to reaenarr.{ec xoi cBc3r4. 3ry rxQopuaqup o3By-

Ilepauu mpe6@,cHuil cu?Hcuoil cmano noaarreHue

auduxu I9-nempoaofr moJu4u$u, KOmopat

wna nptilo na nodeodnwfr xopa6at. Cmotrcnoaenun c nefi ydatoco

us6enamb,

Hbrx

cxoi r,rxQopuaqhu o cocrogH,il4 nbAoB r aa6oprnoi aoAur, AH-

CneqxanhcToB no napa-

rccneAoBaHhn QeHoueHa reaeNATNU B BOEHHOM

BOEHHO-ME-

AI4|_$4HCKOM aCneKT€X.

CoaeqaHun npoulnu ycneuHO, l4CCneAOBaH14C nO aKryanb-

xeiuei

reMe Haqanh e CCCp

6ucrpo pacuhperbcn. t{epes

HO CAilOnuCqU

npu6opoe npedocmepeeanu: Ha nymu

ttodxu

et4e 6oaee

cepb$Haa npeepada.

Ilpuxaewuco rc

cauouy dxy, <Haymuayc>

npocKortb3Hyrl

nod ozpounoit

trtdunoil HA pACCmOtHUU

gce?o nonymopa

ilempoa om

Hee.

IIs6exama eu6eau ydanoca

,ruwo uydou.

fifffi--r

r*ero'uno

py6nei (13 uunnuoxoB Aonnapoe) e 1967 roay r ceuure 21 MlrnnroHa e 1970 roAy... B CI.IJA Ha

raKoro xe poAa Pa6o-

Tbr SaTpaqxBa|oTcg ,lvltllb He3Har{xTenbHble cyMMblD. B cepeAnxe 1990-x KoPPecnoHAeHTbr quKarcKoro xypHana "3r4c Yuro Bggnu cephto l4HTep-

Bbto y Kanhraxa nHayrYtnycau AxAepcoxa. Ero oreer 6un KareroplqeH: oOnu[oe no renenarhta

coBepueHo onpeAeneHHo He 6uno. Crarus flosers n SePxue uenuKoM noxHae. 25 r,rtonq 1960 roAa B AeHb, KOTAA, nO yrBep-

xAeHlflo aBTopoB, "Hayrnnyc,

Bbruer B Mope, 9To6bt npoBecru ceaHc renenaruqecxoi cecgh, noAKa H€XOAnnacb B cyxoM AOKe

a floprcuyre".

etu

sasBneHhe

6unu npoaepeHbt xypHanhcraMu x oKa3anxcb npaaAoi.

Ywlllw Axaepcon BO BTOpOM

flonqpHoM IUIABiIHI,IT.

1958 ro,u

KoporKoe BpeMc pesynbraraMr yxe coBercKl4x l4ccneAoBaHni garxrepecoBattocb qPY. B 3aKpbrToM AOKnaAe Qrpuu MaHraiXA pl,lc€Hn, npOBOAlrB"

uei

napancuxonoruqecKlle

hccleAoBaHtafl Ha AeHbru BoeHHO-MOpCKOTO BeAOMCTBa h

l-[PV, craeaxo: .CCCP rMeer

6onee ABenqaru qeHTPoB Atle hccneAoBaHun npo6aeu 6uoKo M MyH Kaquu (t e nenat uul u r,1

pogcrBeHHbtx saaextai c BblAe-

neHreM 6onee 12 MlrnnhoHoe

*** 3 uapra 1980 roga "Hayru-

nycD nocne 25 net cnYx6u 6um

r4cKnpqeH ta3 cocraBa Qnora

o6bqBfl eH HaquoH€tttbHHM l4cropulecKhM naMsrHl4KoM. 6 honc

1985 roga "Hayrunyc, or6Yx-

cnpoBanh e Fporox (Lurar Koxxerrrryr). 34ecu e Mysee no4BoAHoro Qnora CUJA nePean e Mrpe aToMHag noABoAHag noAKa orKpbrra Anc noceqexli.

Anron

I$MAH

IfiXffi_-

t(A(

1891 ro.q cran oco6exIrcropnr poccnficrofi apMxx. B orou ro4y Ha Bqrpyrxemre 6una nprHera HoBan BuHToBxa. Tor4a HIKTo He npeAnonaran, qTo oHa 6y4er yracrBoBarb Bo MHonnx 6nraaxr,r npocnyrcrr noqrra 6es [grrrexeHr,ri a ceoefi HbrM B

KoHGIpyK+,ln 6onee nOnyae -

xa. Hr oAHa Br,tHToBKaApy-

rrx apmni

Boopyr(eHult

cocrocna

TaK

Aortro.

roHcTPynoP 0r EorA OQur4raauHo oHa Ha3btBanacb <TpexnrHeiHac BTHToBKa o6paaqa 1891 roAa", BpoAe KaK 6H qeagnacs 6eaHN,rcHHoi. Ho

KoHcrpyKrop ee 6urr xopoulo hgBecreH - KannraH Ceprei hgaHosta,{ MocrH. 3ro 6naroAape ero ranaHry r HacroiqnBOCTh nOgBl4nOCb CTOnb MyApo

cKoHcrpyl4poBaHHoe opyxxe pyccKoro conAara. XreFtu He 6aroeana ero. Mo-

cxH poArncn 2 anpenn 1 849 roAa B ceae Pauonu BopoHex-

croi

nyqxnocb. B xaparreprcrilKe, eurgaHHoi Cepreo MooaHy Bo-

ry6epxvu, r$e ero oreq, orcraexoi noAnopyquK, cnyxlan

ponexcroi aoexHoi rrMHasrei, oruevan[cb ero cnoco6-

noMe-

Hocrr4, oco6eHHo B MareMarrKe, cKpoMHOCTb, hcnonH14Te'|b-

- ynpaBnfloul,tM rMeHreM ulrlqr,f . oH paro

,nwurcg. Mare-

pr4 14 C AeTCTBa 3Har, qTO no HeAOCrarKy cpeAcrB orqa yqurb-

c9 eMy cyxAeHo B Ka3eHHOM, BoeHHoM 3aaeAeHrh. Tar u no-

Hocrb, go6pocep4eqHocrb, Ho HeKOTOpaff BcnbtnbqhBocrb. 3rlt ra.{ecre a 6au.u caoicreeHHbr eMy n no3xe, KorAa oH cr€In

sroshuo

fiTffi-.I

*.* Eto'uto

crpyrcropcKlrfi aap y Hero 6Hn, KaK roBopl4rcc, or 6ora.

rr{TA o rHolo3AHllloi BXHTOBTI B

ro epeun

pyccroi

Ha BoopyxeHxta

apMt.tx HaxoAr4nacb

shHToBKa aMephKaHcKoro KoH-

crpyKropa SepgaHa. Ona 6una oAHo3apflAHoi, qro crnbHo 3a-

Mepero crpenu6y. Kar noeucr4Tb cKopocTpenbHocTb, 3Ha-

nn AaBHo. HAec cocrocna

roM, qro6br erxroexy cxa64nru

Marag[HoM, xauepofi 4ltg HecKonbKl4x narpoHoB, TorAa nepegapgxeHhe nponcxo.quno 6bl

ropa3Ao 6ucrpee. Vlpies 6u,na aepxoi, Ho ocyulecrBl,lTb ee Ha npaKTrKe oKa-

sanocb Henpocro. flepeaR uara3uHHac BHHTOBKa 6Una co3AaHa B 1809 rogy e

pru. 3areu

ta B

llleeiqa-

Apyrux crpaHax,

oAHaKO HeAeXHOCTb l4X OCTaB-

ngra xenaTb ny'{ulero. ,[,nn crpenu6u vtcnonuso-

CepreI Idsaxonu.I

Mocnlr

co3,Iarorb rpexmaxellnofi BI{IITOBKI{

yxe oo]1uepoM ll KoHcrpyrropou-opyxeixn(Om. l-ruHagnto Moctlx oKoHqnn c ornrqyreM, noroM - MnxainoecKoe aprxnnePuicxoe Ywtnt -

r{e e nerep6ypre x Mnxainoe-

cKyD aprytnnepricrYo aKaAe-

unp (onRrr ny.rullM, no nepBoMy pa3peAy). B crpoeBbtx

Bance AHMHui nopox. flPu eu-

cTpene u3 cTBona BblpblBaflocb 6enoe o6naro AbtMa, MeuaBuee TogHoMy npuuennBaHup.

l'lonoxexlte Halano MeHsrbcn, rorAa OpaHqyecxrl hHxeHeP Bueau reo6pen 6esAul,rHui nupoKcnntaHoeui noPox. flo-

qrr4 cpa3y

xe, e 1886 roAY, Bo

Opaxqnu nof,B[nacb Mara3taH-

Ie6ena, crPe-

{acrex cnyxun xeAonro. Fnae-

Han BlrHroBKa

xan cnyx6a Haqanacb y urra6cKanuraHa Mocuxa Ha SHaMeH14roM Tynucxolvt oPyxeinou 3aBOAe, c KoTopblM cB93atl oH

rcBr.uan narpoHaMla c 6egAut,lHuM nopoxou. Crano BogMoxHHM yMeHbuure xann6p arn-

eTo no3Bonuno eMyxopouo no-

rouy xe aecrPnicrui opyxeixux Mannrxep npepoxun coeAuHcTb HecKonbKo narpoHoB npx noMol4t4 o6oiuu r narroi BcraBngTb B MarastaH. CAenaru oro MoxHo 6uno 6u-

3HaKOMl4Tbcg C npOX3BOACTBOM

CTpO, OAH14M ABl,lxeHlreM.

cBoro xl43Hb Ha ABa AeccTKa neT.

Ceprefi l4eaxoer,{ Mocur 6un Ha3HaqeH HaqanbHhKoM 14HCT-

pyMeHranbHoi tuacrePcroi, orHecrper bHoro opyxl4g, crarb onbtrHblM TexHororoM, a KoH-

ToBKr4. K

Haroxeq-ro co3penx Bce

ycnoBxs Ann roro, qro6u co-

rfirffi-_

Tr|( flOEUTO

3Aarb cKopocrpenbHyto u HaAexHyp Mara3uHHyK) Bl4HToBKy. A taras pa6ora Haqanacb Bo MHOrIX CTpaHaX,

KanrraH Mocux 6un, roxeqHO, npeKpacHo ocBeAoMneH o KopeHHHx nepeuexar< e opyxeiHOM AeIe, O TOM, qTO 3a rpaHx-

qei paspa6arbtBaorcc MHorogapg4Hue BuHToBKl4. Ox gcxo co3HaBa[, qro x Poccr,tq He AonxHa oTcTaBaru s eroi aaxxoi o6nacr[.

flepeoi Mbtclbto ero 6uno

nepeAenarb B MHoro3ap9AHyK)

o6usxyro Bl,tHroBKy Eep4axa. Ho ucnutaxns noKa3anu - Hl,t-

KaKhe nepeAenrn 6ep4axre xe

noMoryr. Ha4o roHcrpyltpoBarb COBepUeHHO HOByO BI,IHTOBKy

yMeHbuleHHoro xanr6p a, ncnofl bsyn nocneAHue AocThxeHhg TEXHTKI4.

3xas o6 erou, Moo.rH o6paruncq K HaeanbcrBy c npocu6oi pa3peuJurb eMy npxcrynrTb K paspa6orre Mara3t,tHHof BxHToBKh yMeHbuleHHoro xanu6pa.

Taroe paspeuleHlte 6uno Aaxo. B xaqane 1890 roaa, nocne qeTbrpex MeceqeB HanpgxeHHoro rpyAa, Mocux cKoHcrpy-

HpoBan oqeHb yAaqHyp BytHToB-

ry. YcrpoicrBo ee oKasarocb HacTolbKo npoAyMaHHHM lr B BHcuei creneH!t qenecoo6-

BnxroeKa hu ena r,anu6p 7,62 MM, ro ecru paexui e crapofi

pyccxoi Mepe rpeM nn*usu. floerouy u craru HagbtBarb ee (Tpex'tuHerroin. Maragrx na ncTb naTpoHoB pacnoflarancc

noxe. 3aue.{arenuHu 6uar

Torgaurxui eoexxui Ml4Hncrp Baxxoecrri paccyxgan: "3anan HaM He yKag. Mu r c o.qxo-

poHoB

P0IlEilXl rr?utrtHtllxr

MexAy reM r43-3a py6exa npxxoAxnx BecTx o cneuHoM nepeBoopyxeHux 14HocrpaH-

xux apuni. Mxoroeaprgxue BnHToBKt4 nonBhnrcb a fepuaaun u flnoauu, B Anr nuu u Aecrpo- BeHrpur,

xru, Mocttx

llJeeiqapru

.Qg-

Bl,tAefl, {To repnTb

BpeMs HXKaK Henb3g. Ocexun 1889 roaa e Poccllo 6urn 4ocraaaeH Ha tacnbtraHrfl o6pageq BrHToBKt4 6enurricKoro op)DKeiHuxa leoxa HaraHa, KOHCrpyKrOpa 3HaMeHltToro ceM[SapaAHoro peBonbBepa.

Mocuna u Haeuna no rtemKocmu 6ot u ctcopocmpeJrbHocmu

noKaS(uu npuMepHo

odunarcoeue

psytbmamu. Ho ytumuaa4 lmo ,texa$u3rl uocuxctcoil euHmoarcu

6ua fuaee

npocmuil u 6oaee deweewn

nPOu3-

eodcmee, KOrtuccua npozonoco6alta 3a pyccKyro euHmoeKy.

B eucuJrx BoeHHbtx cQepax AyManH, oAHaKO, rHaqe, cqhTag, 9TO OAHOSap9AHa9 BltHTOBKa Ha/lexxee uaraguxnoi.

3ap9AHbtMh B!4HTOBKaMX C],|nbxee. ConAar Mbt yqhM: crpenni peAKo, Aa MeTKOD.

Buxmoexu

paoHbrM, HTo nprHqruf BnocneAcrBxl4 Ha BoopyxeHue o6pa3eq o'{eHb Mano oTnuHancc OT ],|CXOAHOFO.

KoHcrpyKqxlt sarBopa (ox uor pae6uparucn 6eg ecsroro uxcrpyuexra) h cnoco6 noAaqh nar143

MaraSnHa.

Ceprel hsaxoenq

He xanerl ce6c e pa6ore. Taxuu xe rpe6ogarenuxuM oH ocraBancc h K

cBolrM corpyAHuKaM. Ha elrA

c4epxaHHbti, Aaxe cypoaui,

Maft l9l7 roaa. Pa6oqne C

naAnopqonofi

oH 6brn Ha caMoM Aene Ayu.leBHbtM

cnpaBeAnrBbtM qenoBe-

B}ITITOBKAMU

nnorua,&I s

nerporpare

ffiffi--r

E *, sro'bl,ro EETbITT

HOI

XSOEPE| EHlI

Mocnx roroBhn cBolo BxHroBKy K rpyAHbrM x BcecropoHHr,rM

r.lcnbrraHnnu. fl pra6ueurri

e Poccuo HaraH, Haaeecb, qro lrMeHHo ero BlHToBra 6yAer

np[HeTa Ha BoopyxeHle pyccKot apMlil4, roxe AefcrBoBan aKTITBHO r Hanopucro. c HxM BOeHHOe BeAOMCTBO

3aKnoqllno

KOHrpaKr, cornacHo KoTopoMy HaraH AonxeH 6brn r3roroBt4rb 300 onurnux BxHroBoK cBoei cncreMbr 14 B cnyqae no6eAbl Ha lrcnbrraHrqx nonyvun 6u orpou@eapanrcxaa peBonrou'Is

KOM, 3a60Tt4Bull,lMc9 0 cBol4x noAr{14HeHHbrx h npeAocraBlgB-

l9l7 rorc

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llerporpage.

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lul4poKrr npocrop AI|q

TBOpqecKoi AegTenbHocrl4. OAux rg xux, B ro BpeMe qeprexHhK, a e 6yAyqeM BxAHblr

flacrYxoe, acnoqro MocuH, rax oQuqep, He nn6vn nann6parcrea, "Ho no Mepe roro KaK oH c ro-

opyxef

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noBofi yxo4hn B KoHcrPyKroPcKy|o pa6ory r Bce qaule Bcrpeqancfl c HenocpeAcrBeHHblMt4 ]4cnorHrTengMn cBoero u306perexun - qeprexHuKaMu r cnecapgM14, - paccKaSblBan flacrlxoe, - orqyxAeHxe nocre-

neHHO CMeHCTOCb l4cKpeHHX-

Mh, TenrblMl4 oTHouJeHUgMl4. Ox xopolr.ro noHtaMan 3HaqeHre

ApyxHor, cornacoBaHnoi pa-

6oru n nepaui noAaBat

HaM

npuMep ynopcrBa, ycl4At{l4BocTl4 t4 HacrorquBocrt4 B AOCT]4-

xeHut,r

xaueqexxoi qenr).

HOe BO3HarpaXAeHUe.

.!,nn ostaroMreHug c Bl4Hroeroi e Tyny oceHuo 1 890 roaa npu6ur cau soeHxui M,lHl4crP BaHHoecrri. Mocttx nltcan: "Boenxui Ml4Hr4crp 6utn ro uHe ogeHb nacKoe. Hecxonuro Pae Ha 3aBoAe npn Bcex BblcKa3bl-

Ban, qro uoil ycnex 6yAer ero ycnexoulu A npr npoqaHuu Ha BoK3are cKa3an: ofloeAy uo,lr4Tbcg MocKoBcKxM yroAHxKaM o6 ycnexe Hauero AerlaD.

Bcrope uso6perareru 6un yxe e flerep6ypre. Ha.{uHan[cu eoicroabre cpaBHurenbHbte ucnbfTaHug ero BnHToBKU a HafaHoacroi. OHn u.rnu Aonro r 3a-

Bepultnhcb nr4uJb K uapry 1891 roaa. O6e BuHroBKr4 no MerKocru6os u cKopocrpenbHocru noKa3ann nplrMepHo oAhHaKoBble

pegynbrarbr. Ho yvrrueas, rro MexaHx3M MocxHcKot BhHToBKl4 6um 6onee npocrbtM (Ang BbtAenKlaD r 6onee AeureBbtM B npo]43BOACTBe, KOMI4CC]49 npOrOnO-

coBana 3a pyccKyo Bl4HroBKy. BoeHHuri Mr4Hl,lcrp noABen uror e ceoei pe3onKtquu: oCornacex u 9, HO peueHne cero BaKHoro Bonpoca 3aBhclrr or 6naroycuorpeHvrg rocyAape uMneparopaD. O6xapyxenHbre Bo BpeMe ucnuranltfi HeAocrarK[ B KoH-

rfifffi_-

|(^t(

crpyKul,tr (6eg Hux, noHerHo, He Morno o6oilrracu) MocrHy

6uno nopyveHo ycrpaxuru.

oH ycTpaHun ux, np[qeM HeKo-

Topbre BropocTeneHHbte Ae-

MHlo

ero

sto6huo

BbrcoKylo lxl4poKonne- nncan (DeAopoe,

Boennuil

,{yto O}rrypy,

6naroxeaarerbHoe o6paqe-

HUe K HaM, HOBl4qKaM, XenaBuuu npuo6ulrrbce K KoHcrpyK-

IIUHUCmp npednotrcua

uaodpeme-

nun Mocuna HA36AHUe

ranu, Hanpruep, o6oiuy 4nn

ropcxoi pa6ore. Oco6eHxo sa-

naTpoHoB, B3cn oT

noMHl4nocb npe6btBaHue Ha ga-

mpexauneilnan

crpeau6rule. 3Aecu

SUHmO6KA

BI4HTOBKyI

Haraxa. gro cocnyxuno oqeHb nnoxyro cnp<6y.

Y.{rruaac (3auMcrBoBaHrqD, aoeHxui MxHr4crp npe4noxun 4ra rso6pereHrc MocrHa Ha-

SBaHue: (pyCCKae rpexnuHelHac BhHroBra o6paeqa '1 891 roAaD. Ho AaexcaHAp lll, yreepxAaf, 3TO Ha3BaHlte, BbtqepKHyn cnoBo <pyccK?r>. V Aonrue roAbr Bl4HToBKa - nnoA TBOpqe-

croi uucnn

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KOHCTpyKTOpa

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6esHrlsxHoi! .Qaxe Ha oreqecTBeHHOe npohcxoxAeHue ee Huqero He yKagbtBano. 6oaee TOrO, 3a hcnonb3oBaH14e cBol4x Aeranel HaraH nonyehn Bo3-

HarpaxAeHxe 200 000 py6rei. MocuH nocre Aoflrux npoBonoqex 6ua noou{peH npeurei e 30 000 py6neil x npor3BeAeH B NOIKOBHhKI4.

3AOYil

NEPET OTE{IflBOT Bce ero ray6oro o6uAeno

uao6perarenn, reu 6onee lro Ha ero nneqr nerna rpyAHeiluae

pa6ora no HanaxxBaHuo MaccoBoro npoh3BoAcrea Hoeoi BhHToBKt4

rpu

ra Tyaucxou

roga. cnycrc

3aBoAe.

CecrpopeqKoM, 6nns flerep6ypra, Kor-

Aa oH 6brn Ha3HaqeH HaqanbH[KoM ororo crapeiuero HOrO SaBOAa.

oppxei-

l4seecrxul oppxeiHrr, roncTpyKrop nepBoro

Mnpe aBro-

uara OeAopoB BcnoMhHan c ropAocTbo, .{To B MOnOAOCTI4 eMy Bbrnana

recru pa6oraru

noA pyKoBoAcrBoM MocrHa Ha

Cecrpopeqrou saaoge: "flo-

BoAcKoM

Mbr Boor.rhKr y6e4nnucs,

yAxBl4TenbHo

raroi

npocroi no

KoH-

cTpyKql414 CBrgeTcq BItHTOBKa MocuHa h c KaKoi ToqHocrbto l4aroroBnnnxcb noA ero pyKoBoAcreoi, xaflta6pbt t4HcrpyMeHTbl p.ne npoBepKu

getaneh. flo npr-

rasy Mocrxa 6unr paso6paxu y)Ke npuHnrue BrHToBKr. OrAenbHbre qacrn nx 6aul.u nepeMeuraHH, Ho, HecMoTpc Ha 3To, npu c6opre oHr c uAe€Inbxoi ro,{xo-

<pyccKaa

o6pasqa 1891 eoda>. Ho futerccandp III,

ymaepxdat

3mo Ha3aoHue, sWqepKHyn

cno6o <pyccrcaa>. II doteue eodw SUHmO6KA

ocmoaatacb

6eswutnnoil!

crbto noAollnl4 oAHa x gpyroin. B 1900 ro.qy Ceprei HeaxoBl4H

UMer yxe guH reHepan-

uafiopa. OH npo4orxar pyKoBoAhTb SaBOAOli,r, flponsaoAcrBo

ero BrHroBor 6uao HaraxeHo o6pasqoao. He cnyvaixo Ha Bce-

urpHoi

BbtcraBKe a flapuxe

uo-

c14HcKafl BhHTOBKa yAOCrOUnaCb

abrcluei Harpagu! Mocrs qcHo npeAcraBrcrl nepcneKruBH pa3Bxrl4c OpyxelHoro Aena, noH,1Mar, qro 6y,qyqee sa aBroMarnqecKh M

opyxueM. Ho go erux BpeMeH

flerporpag.

Oxra6pr

l9l7

roaa.

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leficrufi III,IKCT,

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'rpexruuerixulrlu BI,IHTOBKAMI,I

ffiffi"-l

* r oro'Hro BbrAarruleMycn opyxeinnry Aoxr4rb 6uao He cyxAeHo. B cepegrxe nHaapn 1902

ro.qa Ceprei l4aanoars npocTyAunce. 6oaegxu, xoropoi oH BHaeare He nprAan cepbe3Horo

sHaeeHhc, BcKope o6ocrpnnacu, 6ucrpo nporpeccltpoBanau26 eHBape cBena ero B Mo-

ruay, MocnH cKoHqancq or Kpyno3Horo BocnaneHrc ner-

53-u roay xu3Hl4. floxopoHunn ero a CecrpopeqKe. KorAa rpaypHac npoueccrg ABuranacb r rnaA6uqy, Ha rpo6e nexana He ronb-

KUx Ha

KO ll|atxKa reHepana, Ho 14 Bt4HTOBKa, CO3AaHHa9 nM, KaK Ha-

o6 orpouxoi sacnyre ero nepeA Poccrei.

*** 3ra euHroara HaMHoro nepexxna cBoero rBopqa. Brxroarr4 apMhflx Apyrux cTpaH )D(e qepe3 HecKonbKo rer ycrapeBanlt ta 3aMeHcrt4cu xoeuuu. PyccKag xe (Tpexnr4HerKaD npoAonxana cnyxrrb. florpe6oaaracb nruJb He3HaquTenbHag MoAepHtagaqur ee cnycre 40 ner B

nocne co3AaH[g, cBg3aHHa9 C n3MeHeHUeM TeXHOnOTXU npol43BoAcrBa. C suxroexoi MocrHa Haull COn.qATbl Cp€DK€rflhCb l,l

e Pyccro-nnoHcKyro eoiny,

flepeyn MrpoByrl, u a Benuryn Oreeecraexxyro. Oxa co cnaeoi npoufla rcnbrraHlrg caMblx xecroKlrx

rpaHA]to3Hux

6rre.

noMuHaHtae

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muilrE Cef,qac Aaxe rpyAHo rro xa raxol pacnp(rcTpaxexnui Hbr]re npqppTaBrTb,

Br+l op}Drc{e, KaK aBToMaT, crrorperu Korga-ro c 6onc-

l||riltooilHeHneil]rcft

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B ITIIIIPI|E IIE BEPINI NXCTOTH-NYTilH HasaaHre (aBToMarD nonBunocb Bo BpeMn Benuxoi Oreqecraexxoi aoinu. A 4o roro sTor run pyHHoro crpenKOBOTO

OpyXXn HaSbtBanlt nuc-

roneroM-nyneMeroM. Bnepaue

6oeeux ycnoaunx no4o6-

nrcroneru 6unr onpo6oBaHbr Ha pere l4soxqo e hrannn. UJna llepean MupoBae

Onur flepeofi trrpoaoi noxa3an, qTo Bo BpeMg HacrynneHr9 nexoT[HuaM o{eHb TpyAHo, a TO n HeBogMoxHo raulurb ga

co6ol

Tgxenbre cTaHKoBbte nyneMeTbt. Tpe6oaanrcb rerKue nyneMeru, pyYHbfe. V onu 6anu cos4aHu: B

Anrauu

nyneMer fiuouca, e Maysepa, eo Opax-

Hbre

fepuaHnn

aoiHa. H eor a 191 5 ro4y

llJor.la, e Poccl4et -Aerrcpeea. Ho eqe 6onee nerxuil nucroneT-nyneMeT no- npexHeMy

xpo-

BonponurHbtx 6ocx xr€Inbfl Hqbt

npuMeHnnn npoTxB aBcTporepMaHcKl4x eolcr nucroneTbl - nyneMeTbl KOHCTpyKql,l

Peeenrr. Oxn 6uru eqe AaneK14 OT COBepUeHCTBa, Tgxerbl r HeHa.qexHbt, Mano KTo cMor pa3rncAeTb B Hl4X opy)Kue, Ko-

ropoe {epe3 qeTBepTb

BeKa cTaHeT A'|e nexoTbt rnaBHbtM t4

caMHM MaccoBbtM. Tpu ro4a cnycrRt a 1918-u, nogBnncq

neueqrri nncroner-nyneMer

cetcreMbr Eepruana. Ogxaxo oH

eqe

Aenan noroAH.

qrr -

ocraBance npo6neuoi. Ilepauu, tcro y Hac nonurarcfl coS.qaTb n9rcToleTbt-nyneMerbf noA peBonbBepHbth u nuctonernui narpoHH, 6un rynucrrai

opyxeinux Toxapee. OceHuto 1927 rogaero uso6perenue npouJno xcnHTaHue Ha nonnroHe. BcneA ea ToxapeeuM HaA paspeueHxeM rpy4xoi 3enaqr Ha-

vanr pa6orarb x Apyrue Hauu KoHcrpyrcopu. B 1929 ro4y cogAaer ceoi n[croner-nyneMer ,Q,errRpee, roA cnycrg - KopoBhH, gareM - Konecxrroe r flpr-

fitffi"-l

ruoro'brro

Caenaxanpro:

O.B.Toxaper,

B.A..{errrper, f.C.Illnarmr. A.lI. Cyaaes.

nylrrfi. B Ha,{ane 1930-x roAoe Ha nofluroHHbte ucnblTaHrfl

500 uerpoe. Cvrranocu, vro e HacrynfleH[]i oHh 6ygyr xeeQ-

o6-

QerrraHu, 4eicreeHHocrb vrx orpaHhqeHa. lA xots fl,errnpee

6uao npeAcraBneHo yxe pa3qoB 9Toro

B14Aa

'14

opyxl4e.

ynopHo coBepuJeHcrsoean ceofi

flfl.!,, Heaepre

HIBEPXE

Bacnnuh furexceeer,{ AerrspeB K roMy BpeMeHr npocnaB]/rrcg KaK CO3Aarenb pyt{Horo

nyneMeTa, TaHKOBOTo h HecKorfbKnx aBuaquoHHbtx. V na STOT

pa3 OH OKaSanCg no6eAu-

refleM. B raroxe 1935 roAa ero nhcroner-nyreMer, fl flrQ, 6un npilHqT Ha BOOpyXeHne, Ho n14ub... KoMaHAHOTO COCTaBa KpacHoi apMhl4. 3arag Ha nncTOneTbr-nyneMeTbr paBHcnc9 Bcero corHqu Luryr! Cxenru,{ecxoe orHouleHue K

groMy opyxl4ro no- npexHeMy rMero Mecro. Bceraxxe BoeHHbre cneunarncTbr nonaranh, qro ffaBHoe x1414

B cTpenKoBoM opy-

AanbHO6OiHOCru

U CKOpO-

crpenbHocrb. oHu yreepxpprr, nyneMera AonxHa 6blrb He MeHee n9T14 KhnoMeTpoB. Tar qro rorAa roBopxrb o nrcronerax-nyneMerax c eQQerrreKOBOTO

ABToMaT

A.14.Cyaaesa

nnc-43

noil garuuo6oiHocruo 400

nucronerbr-ny-

pa3oM: e Qeepane 1939 roga

oHr 6unn cHsrbr c npo[3BoA-

cTBa u BooplDKeHvlg, aTe, qTo HaxoAlan]rcb a eoicrax, - nepeAaHbt Ha cKna.qbr.

l-nacou Bonupulero B nycrbrcroBa o nuc-

He 3ByHanu Beulhe

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crof,ulero BpeMeHh He Be3Ae ycBoeHa Mucrb o roi rpouaAnoi 6yAyutHocrn, KaKyo co BpeMe-

xeu npro6perer sro qpe3Bbr-

,{aiHo l\aoqFroe, cpaBHurerbHo

14 B ro xe BpeMe npocroe no ceoei KoHcrpyKqht4 oplD([e>.

rerKoe

Hanpr4Mep, qTo,qalbHocTb np14-

qenbHor crpenb6br l43 craH-

neMerbr cKa3€Inocb poroeuM o6-

YPOffi rGY0tlltt flepeeopor B yMax BoeHHbrx cneLloB npor3ouen c HaqanoM coeercro-QnHnsHAcroi Bof Hbl e Hon6pe 1939 ro.qa. (DuxHu 6unr eoopyxeHbr n[crorera-

Mu-nyneMeraun nCyovu, c y4r4BnrenbHo eMKrMu (Ha 69 narpoHoB) Ar4cKoBbrM14 Maragn-

nauu. Hauei xe nexore nprxoAtanocb cpaxarbce, 6y.qyqr BoopyxeHHoi nuu.ru MaraguHHblMl4

CaMO3apqAHblMl,l Bl4H-

tfixffi-_

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roBKaMr. B xapenucxux necax, B ycnoBrgx cl4rbHo nepeceqeHHoi uecrxocrr4, B ray6oxolr,r

cnery Qnncrue nrcronerbt-ny-

neMeTbt oKa3anxcb He3aMeH14-

MuM opyxheu. Heuano rpac-

xoapueiqee nonerno oT orHe

Qrncrux aBToMarql4Koe. B eroi HeAonroi, xo rsxerol BofHe BbrnBtanucb Heo6uqalHo ueHHbre KaqecTBa HoBoro opyxl4t nexorH. flncroneru-nyneMerbl oKa3anxcb, BonpeKh MHeHnK)

rope-crpareroe, eQQerrrsxu-

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B o6opoHe, B necucroi

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Hnv, ynrvHurx 6onx. flpoLuea noqru roA,

flflA 6unr noroxeHbt

6oree coBepueHHui nucro-

KaK

Haun

Ha cKna-

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Hui saaog

TaflaHTryrBHi uso6perareau r KoHcrpyKrop f eopruh CeueHoer,{ Lllnarrx. Ox peurna co3Aarb

nonyqxn oco6oe

npaBuTenbcTBeHHoe 3aAaH[e

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neroB- nyreMeroa .!,errnpeea. Ha xo4y KoHcrpyKrop ynyquJan cBoe Aerxule. B re,{eHre ecero HecKonbKrx AHei 6ua co3AaH BMecro xopo6varoro BbtcoKoeurri ArcroaHi MaraguH no runy QrHcroro, eMeqatoqhl 7 1 narpoH (xa Aea narpona 6oruule, qeM y "Cyouu"). Crporrl4cb HoBbre qexu, c6opra ee-

neT-nyneMeT.

uC catroro Haqana, - paccKaSbtBan oH, - q nocTaBxn nepeA co6oi qeau.q,o6rruce roro, qTo6H HOBOe aBTOMaTnqeCKOe

ceapxoi KoHcrpyKqxra. HaAo BO3MOXHOCTb CO3AaHh9 UJTaM-

no-cBapHoro aBToMara n

rla-

3a n 3a r'|a3a nocMerBanhcb HaAo uHoi: lllnarrn, uon, QaHrasrpyer. Ho s 6un y6ex.qex, t{To Mbtcnb Mo9 npaBInbHag>.

BxeurHe [unaruHcrhl aeroMaT HeMHOTO HanOMUHaeT Aer-

.!,axe cnequaahcrbr, yBnAeB aBroMar LlJnarnHa, nopagr4nhcb

TexHonornp, nphMeHrB xonoAHylo uJTaMnoBKy AeTaneil BMec-

To MexaHhqecroi o6pa6orrra, ynpocrhB KoHcrpyKqr4to. TaK paccyxAan yqeH r K .!,errnpeea,

Illnannra

cKaSarb npaBAy, Aaxe 3HaroKx opyxefiHoro Aena He Beprnr B

nocyroqHo. BaHeape 1940 roaa nepBbfe naprnn flf1.Q, nararu nocrynarb na QpoHr.

COBIPIIIEHHA' NPOCIOIA hx uoxxo 6uno 6sr u3roraBruBarb eu.1e 6onuue, ynpocrhB

BeAeT OrOHb I,I3 ABTOMATA

crbrM no ycrpoftcrey n HecnoxHbrM B npor3BoAcrBe. TaK I nphuen K Mbrcn14 o ulTaMno-

rnpeecxni: gepeenxnui npnKnaA, AltcKoeui irarag[H, peuJer,{arui Koxyx craona. Ha

Ha KoHBefepax

Qponr.

Corgar (c.nena)

opyxue 6uno npegerbHo npo-

c BbrcoKhM pr4rMoM. l-{exr pa6oranh Kpyr-

racb

Cramrrpaacrc,rri

STOM CXOACTBO saKaH{nBarOCb.

opxrnHanbHocTh ero KoHcTpyKqrr. B neu r e canolvr gene 6onu-

AsroMar

f.C.Illnanura

NTIII-4I

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1 941 roAa 6uno BHnyqeHo 6onee 90 000 uJnar[HcKl4x aBTOMaTOB, a B CneAyK)uleM roAy - yxe noqTr noflropa Mhfl-

nuoHa. Bcero xe ga epeuq BeAmoMar B.

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Luri noA6pacbrBaHuro opyxr4e BBepx npu Bbrcrpere, - ocTpoyuneiuree peuJeHue LlJnaruna. flflllJ (rar coKpaqeHHo crzrn

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pyxeHre HaureI apuun 6yx-

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9ro 6uno uoei [re.{roi, ororo I Ao6rBancaD. h Me,{ra oAapeHHoro KoHcrpyKropa ocyulecrBr4nacu. l-lfllll nonp6rncs 6oIqau. HeAapou ero nacKoBo Ha3brBa'|l4 (nanaurer, - 3a ero 6e30rragnocru ur npocrory. l-oeopurr, qro nopoBan B xero.

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caMbrM MaccoBbrM

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6un aer.{e flflllJ 6onee

geM Ha ABa KnnorpaMMa, a cKnaA-

Hoi npuxnag r Kopo6qarbrf MaraguH Aenan ero ygo6xuu ggxe a

recHoi raxxoaol 6au:rc. flflC

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rere HlDtctbt GHapfllpt I qro6u raryo6poxonpo6nru?

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143

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noeBilnucb e HCAAT] 3aAonro AO ee nprxoAa K BnacTn. ACTPOIOT XAHYCCEH

OArnu

t.13

raKux Aecrenei

urHeiAep) poAlrnce e BeHe

nosanpounoro eexa. oH

yrBepxAan, i{To nporcxoAtlT

143

ApeBHero poAa AarcKl4X ABOpnH. Ha caMoM xe Aene ero oreq 6un qupKoBuM aprucroM. kl nonaraly cbtH nouen no cronaM orqa, npo6yn ce6c e caMbrx pa3Hblx l-ll4pKoBhJx aMnnya: or npbrryHa c ujecroM AO yKpoTt renq AuKl4x xl4BOTHblX.

Bo epeun flePaoi urPoeoi HaxoAqcb B aBcrpo-

aoiuu,

6uur epux-9n XaHYcceu, KoroporO BnOCneACTsrl4 xagBanh "6eP-

eeHrepcroi

nh, qTo TMeHHO

[]o oxoH.{aHrn eo[Hu

apMta14,

XanYccex

n[HcK]4M MaroMD. floroeapuea-

o6Hapyxran y ce6n (TanaHT 9CHOBl4Aqa r npeAcKa3aTerfl D.

OH npenoAan l-rrnepy xay4y ncuxonoruu Macc.

xaer aapa6arHBarb Ha xr3Hb

AuepuxaHcrri ncrxrarP

Yonrep flaHreP, cocraeueulhi

oH Haq[-

AeMoHcrpaqreM caonx caePxuecrecrBeHHbtx cnoco6nocrefi.

Ififffi-_

IPCbE

Hano cKa3arb, qro Ha oroM nonpuqe oH BnoIHe npeycneBan e 1920-e roAbt, xrn Ha uupoKyto Hory, r, no co6creeHHoMy nphSHaHlilo, y Hero <BMecTe c ycnexoM Kpenna caMoyBepeHHOCTb l,l

yBenhquBanaOb BnaCTb

HaA OKpyXa |oulr,t

1,1

B 1931 roAy (6epnhHcKrf MarD BcTynlln B HaqrCTCKytO napTyffo uc6nn3nnca co MHorr-

ee nxAepaMl4 u oorqnanb-

M14

HbrMu

n[q,aMr. xaHycceH oT-

KpbrTo sagBnf,n, 9TO Cn)DKl4T

(Be-

nnKuM [AeanaM HauhoHan-co-

q]4afl[3Ma'. Ero acrponoruve-

cKhe npeAcKa3aH149 ny6n14KOBanhcb B napTriHoi negaTu. Haqr4cTbr c yAoBonbcTBheM noceulanr ero TerenaTH.{ecKue Ce-

aHcbr, npoxoAl4Brllhe B TaK Ha3brBaeMoM .Qeopqe oKKyrbTt43Ma. xaHycceH np[BoAxn 3p]tre-

Conporrenexne 6ecnoaegxo. Ho

noxap. OHr xorsr noBeprHyrb l-epuaxrro B xaoc, npeyMeHbuxrb no6eAy. Oxu nogoxrnn orpoMHoe npaB14TenbcTBeHHOe

3AaHue. Heo6xoAnuo pa3AaBhrb orhx ragoB. OHr4 xorcr gocnpensrcrBoBarr no6eAe Furne-

pa. Tonuxo xeaesxui xynar npo6y4r,rau.reicn l-epnanrr cnoco6ex npe4orBparnrb xaoc n yr-

pmy rpaxAaxcroi eoixu...

flocxoaury npopoqecrBo cocTo9nocb 3a AeHb Ao neganbHo

Xaxyccex 6ua nocenr4eH

naprlfl4. BoiAq B rpaHc, oH Haqan Beularb o ToM, qTo yBxAen cBol4M TpeTbUM rna3oM.

- F erry orpoMHyto KoMHary... floprperbt BHAapulrxcc l4cTopl,rgecKrx nt,tqHocTer BhcgT Ha creH€x. otrr,r re, Kro pyKoBo-

4nn l-epuanxel. He KaHqnepu nu pehxa?,Q,a, ero xoHQepexq3an KaHqencpun. llJyu npocaquBaeTcfl qepe3 oKHa. lJJrypuoerKl4 ABT4XyTCC nO BunurenbM-

ujTpacce. Snucrarenutafl no6e-

ntp,Fryt

xornr l-rrnepa. flo6e-

aa, no6eaa? l-nrnep xeygepxn u.

moxe 6wtua 6CA.teCKU

npuee.taa caoux. A npoQeccuovotabvue acmpoJro2u

u ncnoaud4w nofl6uJrucb

e HCTAII sadoaeo do ee npuxoila K AnACmU.

r.tTo

noAnpoBoB

Iaran, qTo npeAcKa3aHhe o noxape eqe 6onsule yKpenrr ero

nepa KaHqnepoM, Xaxyccex ycrpoun npeAcraBneHue Ane oco6o noqerHh,tx 3pxrenei, cpeAr KoTopbtx HaxoAlrfl]4cb BXAHbte qreHbt HauucTcKor

zametefr, 6

3HaMeHrroro noAxora PeixcTara, cTaHoBl4TCg flCHbtM,

Mx. Ho oAl4H ceaHc (6epnrHcKoro Mara), xoTfl 14 He 6bu oKa3aflcg, noxanyi, caMbtM 3anoMhHaoul4McC. B Qeepane 1933 roaa, ecrope nocne npoBogrnauextac l-tar-

pnbxux un npedcxa-

nnaMe. fl pecrynnrxn ycrpoxnx

nei

qpe3MepHo onTl4Mt4cTt4qHbtM,

ucmpe6annu nenodrcoxm-

Bt,txy oroHb... orpoMHoe

po6uocrr roroenqeicc Kaqhu. Boguoxno, oH Aaxe B Hei yYacrBoaa-n. Kar 6u rau nr

B 6naroAyujHoe cocrocHue cBor4Mr4 paayxHbtMl4 nporHo3a-

Ha4ucmw

9ro gro, cpaxexre? flepecrpenra? Her... uJyM Hapacraer.

xer...

6uno, XaxycceH HaBepHgKa nopenyraq[K) ecHoBxAqa.

IIoxap n

Pefucrare. 1933 roa

fiTffi--I

E r*. Ho, o.{eergxo, 14 oH He Mor npeAeuAeru a6contorHo ecero. Cn1rcrn

nhqa Aonro He Morfl],| B3cTb B TOIK, Ang qero COBepUeH 9TOT nepereT, u noHaqany oTKa3bl-

urecTb HeAenb no nphKaSy HaqanbHrKa nonu-

OAux

Wu l-enqaopQa ero 3a-

KpynHyp cyMMy AeHer,

ro6pnranrei Mltpxui Aoroeop, npexparrru 6oeaue Aelcrauc h

nn CBUnOCb npu.{uHoi AI|n pacnpaBbt c HO 3TO

Iecc

o6epluncrutnr uarour? Vnu xe cbrrpano ponb ro, qro XaxycceH 3Han nPaBAY o noaxore?.. Mu, croPee Bcero,

n A,uolrQ

HUKOTAA He )/3HaeM OTBeTa Ha 3TU

BOnpocbt.

ll AcrPororxt

IECC

x-qaoT, t{To 143-3a qpe3MepHoro yBneqeHhq acrpororhei oAun

h3 pyKoBoAureneh Tperuero

- PygonuQ l-ecc - u coeeprunn caoi saragovHui nePenerras l-epuaHuu e lJJouaH4nto. peixa

floApo6nocr[ ororo nepenera TaKOBbr. 1 0 vaq

941 roaa, nocne

rua-

c aepodpoua

TenbHor noAroTosrr, l-ecc auneren c aopoApoua e Ayrc6yPre xa

e Ayec6ypee

HeBOOpIDKeHHOM CaMOneTe C

HA He6oopy-

nacoM TonnuBa B oAt4H KOHeq. l-ecc 6un oAer B QoPt"tY neirenaxra noQreaQQe, uMen npl4 ce6e rapry c HaMeqeHHblM MaPupyroM. Cauonerou oH ynpaenqn 6necrcue. Ao6paeuJrcu Ao qenx cBoero

auteme./t

)rceHHO!|I

caMoneme

c 3anacorl monlru6a a odun xoneu.

Canonemon Iecc ynpaeata 6necmnt4e.

,{o6paowuca do qetu ceoeeo nymewecmeut, no ne o6xapy-

xua

nodxodn-

,4eeo rtecma, oH aunpueHyJ,

c napawnmorr u cdancn a naen ilecmHuljl Qepuepan.

3a-

nyreuJecrBl,lg, Ho He o6napyxre noAxoAgr4ero Mecra, oH BblnpbrrHyn c napauJoToM x cEan-

hMeHta l-urnepa, vro Fepuanrn xorena 6H garno.{l,1ru c Benr-

Han paBvrTb coBMecTHble

Ha 6opu6y

Ycnnua

c 6onbueBucrcKofi

Poccrei.

KorAa e l-epuanur y3Hanlt o nepenere l-ecca, pearr4un 6utna [arHoaeHHoi. l-rrneP npnKa3an

M14Hrcrpy nponaraHgu l-e66enucy o6ussnru l-ecca cyua-

cueAul4M. flpecc-Penus co-

Heroropue ncroPl.tKt4 YrBeP-

10 uaa 1941 eoda lecc

MnHucrepcrBa hHocrpaHHblx Aerl co-

rnac]4ncg BbrcnyuraTb npeMoxeHtas l-ecca. l-ecc gacehr or

gaAonxan Xaxycceny

Izraep

r,rg r{14HoBH14KoB

B necy Henoor SepnnHa. l4eBecrHo, .{ro l-enbAopQ

crwnnnn

4anerqy

Pvlol16

BanucbAaxe 6eceAoeatu c Hru.

nreH MecrHbtM QePuePau.

AocraeneHxul e rocnrratlu l-nasro, oH noHaqany Ha3Bancg

BbtMbttxreHHblM rMeHeM,

3areM npx3Hancq, HTo oH - PYAonuQ fecc. Ero eecuMa o6ec-

Kypaxnllo ro o6crocrettbcrBo, ,{ro axrnuicKue AottxHocrHble

Aepxeu raK[e xapaKrephcrl.l Kh : oBuAnuo, vnen naprru l-ecc xun B Mnpe rarnoquHaqui, e pe3ynbrare gero oH Bo3oMH'ln, ,rro cnoco6ex xafirr B3arMonoHlMaHne uexAyAHrnraei u l-eP-

uanrel.

HaqroHan-cotJt anu-

crl4qecKag naprvle cqhTaer, qro oH nar xepreoi yMonoMeuJaTenbcrBa. 1,1 raxru o6pasou ero nocTynoK He oKa3HBaer HuKaroro eosAeIcrBl4c Ha npoAonxeHue eoinu, rroroPoi FePuaHl4ro BbrHyAxnh>.

9eprnnru, roroputi 6ur YeepeH, qro l-ecc npu6un e AHrnho no co6crseHHoi eole uutnt4na-

rnBe

xe o6aaAal KaK[Ml4-

nu6o nonxovror{t4qMt4, pacnoptAhnce, rrro6br c nnu o6paqanrcu AocroiHo. fecca ornPaBhar a IoHAoH, e Taysp, rge oH

npo6un

KaK BbrcoKonocraBrleHHaF rHTepHhpoBaHHa9 nepcoHa Bnnorb Ao 6 orrc6ps 1945

roAa, KorAa ero nepeBenh B rlopbMy e Hopx6epr.

Oreer Ha Bonpoc, noqeMy npep3nxux Qtopepy nroAei peurunce na rarofi

oAtaH r4g caMbrx

6esyuHuI ular,

Mbt HaxoAt4M

KHxre XoyBa

(Acrponorrc : xeAae-

H99 hCTOp149, BKntoqaq ee ponb

ao Bropoi nanpoaoi aoiHe".

nCna6ocru l-ecca x acrpono-

run ycnnuna ero co6creeHxoe y6exgenue, r{To HyxHo r{To-To Aenarb 6es npoue4nenue, n6o B KOHqe anpenq Ha.{ane Mag

94'l roga acrponor[.{ecKue nporHo3br B orHoueHu,t fnrnepa BbrrneAenr rpeeeuraiHo 1

3noBeul,iMl4. l-ecc unrepnperr-

poBan rx raKltM o6pasotr, rro eMy nnHHo HaAnexhT oTBecTu

yrposy, HaBrcuJylo

HaA

Oppe-

poM, nepenox,tTb onacHocTb Ha

cBor nneql,t. HeogxorparHo

oeeegAHui coBerHrK> J-ecca roBopun eMy, qTo aHrno-repMaHCKre OTHOUJeHI9 CTpaAaOT

oT ycunnBa|oulerocn HeAoBe-

pnn. .!,eicrBltrenbHo, B oror

Hon6pn 1939 roaa. h AeicreuTerblo, 8 Hon6pn B MoHxeHcKoM nnBHoM sare "Eoprep6payrennepD, rAe l-ruep npox3Hocun peqb, B3opBanacu iroqxac 6ou6a. l-rarnepa cnacno ro, ero oH 3aKoHqlln CBOe BbtcrynneHue Ha AecflTb Mr4Hyr paHbue 3annaHhpoBaHHoro cpoKa 14 ycnen noKrHyrb 3an eqe Ao BspbtBa.

CHa.{ana, KoHeqHo

xe, 3a

KpaQra B3enocb recrano, c qenbn BbrgcHr4Tb ero npuqacTHocrb

3aroBopy. Ervry, o4Haro, yAanocb AoKa3arb cBo|o HeB[HoBHocrb. t4 .{epe3 HeKoropoe BpeMe l-urnep craBrr KpaQra BO rraBe Bcex (npuABopHbtx) acTponoroB. Muxtcrp nponarax4u Fe66enuc cpaey tagbtcKar BogMoxK

CAaeTCfl B nneH.

HOCTb ncno'|bSoBaTb 3HaHhc KpaQra 4nn AocrhxeHxe nponaraHAncrcKhx qeaei. Kro-ro o6parln BHxManue l-e66eauca xa npeAcKagaHne 3HaMeHxroro Mtruern Hocrpa,qaMyca, xlBulero e XVI eere h ocraBxBuJero nocre ce6n qnxn prQuoaaxHutx qerBepocrnulrfi (rarpeHoB), B Koropbtx cxo6u npeAcxasu aanacu cygu6a

AC|PoIo]X'|ECIAI lyt tb OAxaxo nar6onuului yqep6 Tperueuy peixy u Heueqrol

crq ner Bnepe4. YsHae o rou, vro KpaQr He ronbKo xopouJo 3HaKoM c nncaHunuu Hocrpagguyca, Ho 14 Bepur B Heu36exxyn no6eAy l-epr.aanru, l-e66eauc npuener KpaQra x pa6ore B cBoeM Ml4Hl4crepcrse. VMeao

nepuoA 6uau oqeHu onacHbte ( naanerxue) nporl,tBocrogHl4g B ropocKone l-urnepan. Bor u eecu orBer. Karoeo? Crorno "gee3AHoMy coBerHhKyD

TOnbKO HaMeKHytb, KaK OAl,lH

caMbrx BbtcoKonocTaBneHHbtx HaLllicroB 6pocaer Bce, nernr npoTxBHl4Ky

Hesoruno gaAyMaeulbcc, KTo xe 6un rcrt4HHbtM npaB[TeneM Tperuero peixa - Haqytcrbt l,tlll acTponoru npx Hhx.

apMnn HaHec cBohMt4 (npeAcKa3aHrgMU" gpyroi qenoBeK.

5ur ero npoQeccuoxanuxui

acrponor Kapr-gpxcr KpaQr.

Haqurauui yr eaageaulri aoceMbp r3btKaMr, Kpa$r vacro rcnonb3oBan cBol4 TanaHTbt A'|9 npeAcKa3aHxg nonoxeHu9 Aen ra 6rpxe. Oco6urrvr AoBepheM

Qopepa KpaQr cran nonbsoBaTbc9, nocne Toro KaK npeAcKa-

3ar, qroxr43Hu l-urnepa no4eeprHerce onacH(rcTu MexAy 7 n 1O

B dneenurce fe66etrca om 22 non6pn 1939 aoda

lumoert: <fl sanpemwt nyfuturca4urc npedcrcasanuil

Hocmpodanyca. Onu dottctcnw pacnpocmpaHambca

,tanuca,t,tuiru om pyKu,

mailno.

B smon

dotxeu 6wmt npu6Kyc 3onpemHoeo.

Ecmecmeenno, vmo aecb Smom e"nynwfr eadop Hy)tcHo maKtce

ea6pacwaamt

u eo (Dpan4urc>.

qenoBeqecTBa Ha HecKoIbKO Tbt-

npenaphpoBaHHbte, crhxorBopHbte npopoqe-

cTBa cpeAHeBeKoBoro M,lCTl,lKa npeBpaT,|nhCb

B Opyxue xAeonorl,lqe-

cxoi aoixu. Hocrpa4auyc nrcan rpaIHe ryMaHHo, ero6bl He BbrAaBaTb ceKpeTH

HenocBquleHHuu. Oro no3Bon9no TonKoaaTb

ero KaTpeHH

KaK KOMy

sa6aaropaccyAl4rce.

Mutue.lr Hocrpaaalryc

fiHffi-.I

8rc. B gxeaxuxe l-e66enuca or 22 xoa6pa 1 939 roaa rnraeu: oOry Beulb Mbt Mo-

xeM rcnonb(nBarb

Teqe-

Hl4e MXTenbHOTO BpeMenr,r. sanpernn ny6nura-

ql4rr Bcex npe4cxasaxui Hocrpa,qauyca. Oxr AonxHbr

pacnpocrpaHgTbce Ha-

ecrecrBeHHo, npeApeKapcropyro no6eAy l-epuannr, pacnpocrpaHsnrcb ao Opax-

qei

qnr no Mepe ee oKKynaqxh HeMeuKxMl4 goicxaurr. OAHa rarac 6pou.tppa nonana B pyKl4 pyMbrHcKoro eMrrpaHTa, npoxxBaBulero s IoHB npexHhe roAbl xopo-

'r KpaQra. flPu 3HaBuJero npo'{reHxu 6pouropu y pyMEr-

gHarb,

- Kar He Ae Boau, - gro luol BMeCre pa6oranu.

orBerhtl ronnera,

Bl4Al,lT OAUH

nor,|e He 6una 6u xayroi!

9epvnnnn oreHb uHTepecoBa-

no, qro AyMaoT HeMeqKue acTponorh oTHocrTeIbHO MeCTa aOgirOxHOfi sbtcaAKr aHrnu{aH Ha KoHTr4HeHre. AcrponorrrecKac KaprnHa 6una raroea, wo

Ha[BepoqrHeiu:uu uecrou orKpbrrr4g Broporo Qpoxra npe4craengnucb Eanxaxu. CrparernqecKu oror Bapr4aHT roxe 6ua BnonHe o6ocxogax: [3peSaHHac

6eperoean nnHna u 6nugocru

xu3HeHHO BaXHblM qeHTpaM

reQrr u Bpara - pyrvruxcroi paKerHbrM 3aBoAaM lOxxol l-epnaxuu.

cneAyeT oTbrcKaTb acTponora,

nro, qro acrponorh yxaxyr l-urnepy Ha l-pequo. Io6onurxo,

Ae Bonu coo6ulun YePrrn-

roropui 6u uuen npeAcraB-

ero

rMeHHo coBeryer Otopepy

cro.

neHhe o cxcreMe KpaQra u raxuu o6pasou Mor yKa3arb, rro

9epvnur

cnpocra Hep-

Ha Bo3HUKno noAo3peHhe, qTo oAl4H r43 rex, Kro MoKpaQr

- coBerbr l-urnepy. xer AaBarb On peulun, qro aHrttrqaHaM

Ynncron

aCTpOrOr, Cnoco6eH yBhAerb u Apyrofi, uHa'{e acrpo-

AaMyca, c4enaHxoI KpaQrou

KpaQra?

eror rnynui BsAop HyxHo TapKe sa6pacuaarb h Bo Spou.ropu c pacurrQpoaroi reKcroB Hocrpa-

AOHe

npuBK)/c eero-ro 3€lnpeTHoro. EcrecraeHHo, r{To Becb

<Dpax4aton.

KpaQr

q14'|'|b.

- A uoxxo nx cpegcrBaM,l acTponoruh y3Harb, KaK[e npornosu KpaQr Aaer fmnepy? KoHe.{xo, MoxHo. To, .{ro

or pyKt4, Taixo. B sroi,r Aonxex 6uru nrcaHHbrMl4

Kapr-9pucr

Paccrasueaor, qro Mex4y

tlepvrnneu u Ae Boneu cocroencc cneAyolqrfi pasroeop: 3raere raKoro acrpono-

STOT AegTenb.

VAes6pvnancKxM Bna-

creM noHpaBunacu. A.ns ee peanrcaq[u t{eprunnu nplrrnacun xa crryax6y ttsBecrHoro eeponeicroro acrponora flyrr Ae Bonq.

B sro xe BpeMq anrnnilcrui rexepanuxui tura6 paepa6aruBar hMeHHo 6anraxcxyo aep-

Ho KaK ToIbKo t{ePsltnnu ygH€tn, r{To roBopsr Fnrnepy ac-

oH pacnopq.qxncg Havaru paapa6onqy BapuaHra (CeBepHae AQpuxa - Cuu)anus At anus". flapannen uxo anr nuilcxoi rorrppa3BeAKe 6uao Eano

rponoru,

(tleeiqapeq Kapn Kpa<Dr

yKa3aHle no.qAepxnBaru [-rrnepa B ero ea6npKgexun.

BeHrp Jlyn ae Bonu npenoAaB€rnx acTponorup B

TaBngrrcb Ha BhAy BoeHHble

oAHoM x roM

Kaprbr, pacnycKanucb cpeAu aH-

xe Sropa-

AXOnOruqecKoM hHcTury-

re e l-epuaHur.)

eroi uenbp (xararHoD oc-

rnricroro

HaceneHrq cnlxn o6

r4HTeHClrBHOr nOATOTOBKe K

rpe-

Iffiffi..

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urei y6egrrerbHocrl4

ror-

naHgcKoe no6epexue 6un noA-

6poulen rpyn axo6u aHrnnicroro MopcKoro oQuqepa, B nraHueTe KoToporo HaxoAl4't4cb noApo6Hue nraHbr BbtcaAKr xa 6an-

raxax. Tarnu o6paaou, l-rrnep

paqaTbce

coMH[TenbHbtM pe-

Vepaunan oteno

KOMeHAaqU9M Cneqn€MHCTOB nO

uHmepcut(uo,

qreHxo 6yayulero cornacHo pacnoloxeHuo

3Be3A.

npecce qlrpqynxpoBanu COO6U{eHhs O TOM, .{rO a CaXKr-

Tar,

flerep6ypre AucnoqupoBanocb

xeHHbrx

paaBeAKr KaHapnca no6uerrue-

TponoruqecKuM14 nporHo3aMyt. 9ro nogpasgeneHue gaHrMano noMeuleHre a HIAV BMO u rax-

saxui acrpoaoroe

rorogqqei-

cq BbtcaAKe aHrnlqaH xa Eaaraxax. B pe3ynbrare nyeure ug cBol4x Hega4eicteoeaxxux 4uaugnh futnep Aepxan Ha EanKaH€X, nO.qX[Aag HenpheTeng. Becu ceeep AQpr,rrra oKa3ancn cao6o4HuM or Hall[croB, colo3Hl4Kr BucaAunucb e Crqrnuu, npownn ee qepeMoHxanbHbrM MapueM, nepe6parucu Ha HOCOK UTaflb9HCKOrO (CanoraD

He BCTpeTUB cepbe3Horo conpor[BneHnq, Aor.unh Ao PhMa. BAranuu B gro BpeMe xe 6uao 14,

clu, 3aHxMaoqeecg ac-

Abre Tpx Mecgqa nocTaBngno

fexura6y MrHo6opoxu Poccru

cBoA{y raKhx nporHo3oB, B KOTO-

poi npeacra3brBaprce Mecra r 4aru 6ygyr4rx rpeeeuraiHux

crpencnu. A aexrepcxni acrponor Ae Boau nonyqhn npeMV|o U noBbtuleHxe B 9uHe.

ACrPor0rl TIHIIIAEA Hecuorpe

POCC]IX

cronb Herar[B-

Hui onur, xoropui

AonxeH

6ua, no nAee, HaBcerAa orBpaTUTb NOITTI4KOB

BOEHHbIX OT

acrponorhh rax raroeoi, oxr4 npogonxaor o6-

TeM He MeHee

acmpuneu omHNume^ufi ilecmo

aoetoxnoil aucadrcu aHeJruqaH HA KOHMUHCH-

me. Acmpono?u4ecKat KApmuHa

6u.na marcoea, lmo Hau6e-

ponmneilwun )vecmort omKpumua

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rru

6nusneqou. Ero npuxr4ranranbHocrb B Bonpocax HayKr AoxoAnna Ao a6cyp4a. Kypr Ynen6pooK pacqro oAHaxAbt y MeHrene pa3ropence cnop c ApyrhMu BpaqaMta Ha reMy, ,.teM 6onuHbr ero nn6uuue naqueHTu ABa CeMhneTHux Ma'|br{nKa6nhsHeqa. MeHreae yBepen, qro Aeru 6onuHur ry6eprynecKa3brB€rn,

3OM; OcranbHbte Bpa9h AoKa3bt-

eanu, vro ry6epKyne3a y 6parueB Her. MeHrene yeen gerei c

co6oi

a na6oparopro, co6-

cTBeHHOpyYHO

3acrpenun

rou nepe6pan ux opraHu.

not{e-

qeHHbrx Menrene

caxar

B BaH-

c neAqHoil eoAofi n Aepxan TaM, noKa oHh He Tepcnu co3HaHue. AHaaorrqHue gKcneHbr

puMeHTbt npoBoArn]4cb B KoTenbHbtx Ayuleuqa. Bparei rHTepecoBano, cKoJlbKo BpeMeHr npoTgHeT qenoBeK

roi

npr

Bbtco-

reuneparype. Peeyauraru

ornpaBaenxcb B KoHcrpyKrop-

cxre 6opo nph BoeHHoM

MriHVAaHHbtx 3aB]4ceno npoeKTXpoBaHUe CaMOflETOB 14 TAHKOB.

cTepcTBe.

or grrx

MeHrene 6un yeepeH

cBoef

npaBore. nocraers HayKy Ha cnyx6y Haqx3My, oH nuraflcc BHecrr cBof BKnaA B ynyquJe-

Htae reHoQoH4a apuicroi cu. Heapuiqee Menrere

pana-

3brBar KareKaMr o6r4ecrea r cqr4T€tn, {To t4x ecex xeo6xo4nMO nOA9l4Hl4Tb

yHl4qTOXt4Tb. Tex, rro noxox na apniqee, Ho Ha caMoM Aene TaKOBbtMr He 14

flBnqlorcs, paso6lavnru h roxe

yHr4r{Toxt4Tb. 14ueHHo MeHrele npuHaAnexxr qyAoB14qHaB no cBoeMy ql4Hr43My Qpasa: oflo-

cxpe6u Qpaxrlysa n AocKpe6eurucs Ao Herpa>.

TqerHocru cBol,tx rpyAoB

roAbt, Ho He orcrynhTcfl oT y6ex4eHrai. Xhec e usrHalnv B r14e

flaparsae, MeHreae oAHaxAbl cKaxer cBoeMy craxepy: nMu xorenr oHhcrl4rb o6qecreo or KaneK, Ho HaM He yAUrnOCb CAeKaK noLla-

panaTb noBepxHocTbD.

crPAlAHXr

iOlrol

Meneeae cacrcan

6 AAHHU c ,tednnoil

aodoil u deptcan man, noKa oHu He mepanu

co3HaHue.

Anaaoaurtnwe ?tccnepurteHmu

npoeodutuca a KomelbHUX

oco3HaeT TOIbKO CnyCTfl MHO-

raTb Hl4qero, KpoMe

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TEH]EIE

Tor Qarr, vro y apr,rir.lea raa-

3a AorxHbt 6uru rony6urrlr,

epe3Bbr,laiHo 3aH[M€ln MeHrene. On pegan ronoBbt corHeM

Hec{acrHbtx naqneHroe (xar npaB[ro, qurarau), y Koropbtx

Ayweuqa. Bpaueit uHmepecoaaJlo, cKoJtbKo epe.r4eHu

npom9Hem qeJloeeK npu

owcorco[t me.unepamype.

Pesynamamw omnpa6rlnrrucb I KOHcmpyKmopcrcue 6rcpo

npu 8oettorr rllUHUCmepCmee.

Om gmux danuwc gaauceto npoeKmupoaaHue cat'toJremo6 u maHEoe.

ftxffiffi--r

npo.

npocTo (BepyoulxM B 6OraD, KaK 9rO 6urno nprHnro y Haqxcroe. Yxe pa6oran eAyuJerqe, oH no xpainei Mepe pa3 B HeAenp rcnoBeAoBancfl . MoxHo rorlbKo AoraAbrBarbcn, o qeM oH paccKa3HB€rn CBOeMy A)rXOBHl,lKy.

Yquncc Menrene B yHt4BepcuMpHxeHa, fuHHa, Bexu u <DpaxrQypra. hueHHo ao OpaHrQypre oH Bcrperun AByx yqe-

rertx

Hr'rx - npoQeccoPoe ,leHqa r Oepsyxepa, noA BnueH$eM KoropHx oKoHqarenbHo cQoPutt-

poBan cBol4 BsrneAbl Ha HayKy. Pa6oraq e Ayuleuqe, Menrene

peryngpHo Bbrcbrnatl llM cBovt 3€lnucr, a raKxe opraHbl npoonepupoBaHHbrx naqxeHroB.

floA pyxoeoAcrBoM OePsYxepa B 1935 roay Mexrene sa-

qxulaer Axccepraquo "Ha-

cneAcrBeHHue Qarropu, nPuBoAgtqxe K BpoxAeHHoi axoua.[eru-6rusxeuhr

xepTBbI

gKcnepfiMeH-

roB Aor0opa

Menre;Ie

rnasa 6brnr pasHoro qBera. oH KOHCepBvrpoBan BblHyrble rna3Hbre 96floKl4 14 ornpaBngn ux B Eepn rxcrui uHcrt4ryr MeAhqu Hbr

A,|9 AanbHeruero (llccrle-

AOBaHrg>. oX XOrel AO6t4Tbca TOrO, qro6H qBer rna3 qefloBeKa MoxHo 6uno uercru Ha npoT9XeHUU Xl43Hl4. ECnr

npurnru

pacqer, qro MeHrene cau 6un KapernaSbtM, craHoBl4Tcg nOHcrHo, noqeMy oH c raKlM ycep-

Al4eM 3aHUMaflCg STOi TeMarU-

roi.

Mexrene Boo6ule, no-Bl4-

AXMOMy, Myi{nn KoMntleKc Heco-

oTBercrBl4g craHAapraM, Koropbre ero ToBapxl4l4 no qexy ycIlpednemou uHmepeca

LIoseQa Meneeae

crryxunu 6nulnequ,

a ma$xe KOpnuKu

u apdu c npoqurtu

epoxdexxwttu omKJtOHeHvtrttU.

raHoBunu A'|q

apricroi

pacu.

PoArncc 6yayurui floxroP

Cuepru B ropoAe l-onq6ypre 16 uapra '1911 roAa B ceMbe 6ora-

roro Qa6praKaHra Kapna MeHrene, cKonorlrBuero ce6e cocTocHxe Ha npoAaxe aBTouo6rnei. Bocnuraxxui e crPorlrx KaronrqecKxx rpaAxqlr9x, Menrene Bco xhSHb ct{uratl ce69 rMeHHo KaronyrKoM, a He

nxx nonHoi creoaxoi pacqenrxu ry6u n He6ao. BcKope, yxe noA pyKoBoAcraoM flexqa, oH nnuer pa6ory o 9r\roeKe xa noA6opoAxe. B eroi pa6ore BbrcKa3brBaercv MHeHue,

qro y r4crr4HHux aphiqeg xrraKl4x qMoHeK 6uru xe AonxHo. Menrene clrnbHo nepexhBan t,t33a roro, qro caM 6un no6eso6paKeHD noAo6xuu *4eQerrour.

B 1938 rogy tloseQ Mexrene BCTynaeT B HaqlloHar-coquanapTuro 14 oTnpaBnf,'|T4CTCKylo ercg B apMhxl.

B sactnx, Pac-

nonoxeHHbrx a Trpone, ox 6un

x cKanoBOeHHbtM '|blxHxKoM Mexrena3oM. B Aanuxelu:eu ne B cocraBe Auluguu *BhKlaHrn BoeBafl Ha reppxropuu CCCP,

AOCfly)KUnCg AO 3BaHU9 KanrTa-

sa, 6un HarpaxgeH qerupbMg

Me.ESnqMx, B ToM qt4cne HunePcKuMx Kpecrauu nepBoro u aro-

poro Knacca. BnocneAcrBltr oH 1,rMr4 OqeHb ropAuncf. Ha eoixe Merrene ornuqancq qpe3Mepxoi xpoeoxaAxo-

cTbo, KoTopyto, oAHaKO, Ha-

qanbcTBo B HeM nool4pgno. cocnyxxBqbt c HecKpbtBaeMbtM Bo-

croproM BcnoMlHanu 6ecnou-laAHocrb Menrene no orHoUEHT|o K 3€XBAqEHHbIM B NNEH.

Ho e Haqaae '1 943 ro4a oH 6un roHryxeH h ornpaBneH B 3anac. fl uuexnui Bo3MoxHocTu peanh3oBbtBaTb cBon celrlu-

crcKxe HaKnoHHocrt4, MeHrene cHoBa yAapflercg B HayKy

14,

3a-

nog4epxroi rnaenarepn 34yap4a Brprca,

pyq14BnJl4cb

Bpaqa

30 uas 1943 ro4a nocrynaer Ha cryx6y e Ayulenq. Ox 6ucrpo npl4ujeflce Ko ABopy, eMy cTanu MeHreAoBepflTb ceneKqnta

ne peuan, KoMy ornpaBlqTbcg e 6aparr, a KoMy B ra3oBbte KaMepbr.

BHeuxre AaHHbte x MaHepbl n03Borenr Aotcopy Mexreae nerKo pacnorararb K ce6e ntoAefi. Ero qacro cpaBHnBann c

raou.ll4M],tcg oT BOA9HOTO paKa AerbMt4, pa3.qABan uu ronQersr h paccKa3HB€In npo To, KaK npeKpacHa My3HKa Barxepa...

llocne oKoHqaHre

eofiHu MeHreae ypartocb 6exaru a Jlarr,rHcKyto Aueprxy. Ox Aonro xua e flaparBae h Aprenrrxe. florou nepe6pancn e Epasnruo, rAe B ropo4re oxceaga-ge-

Eeprrora orKpun roproByto OhpMy t4 qacrHyo KnuHAKy. Vuep lZoeeQ Mexrene 7 eeepans 1979 roAa...

eayapa Brprc 6ua cauuu

MOryqecTBeHHbtM qenoBeKoM

Aytuerqe

TegeHre 6onee,{en rpex ner (e nHaape 1945 roga B

uonacrbtpb, B KoropoM Ha 3aK'|n9eHHbtx rcnbtTbtBa'|14cb

no pa6ore xapaKTephsoBa-

ero KaK c]4nbHoro qeIoBeKa: oHacrosu4rai ococoBeLl ua Mein Kampf, cnpaBeguBui n cAep,Q,pyrne xe 3aMeqanr raxoi-ro aHyrpenHri xoHQ-

xaHHui".

r14Kr B Harype Mexreae: "OH uor 6uru rpeseuraiHo racKoB

oTHoUJeH1,|n K AeTgM, 3a-

craBnqr nx noap6nru ero, npuHocr4r t4M caxap, xe ga6Hean o KaKhX-TO TporaTenbH L'lX

MeIO-

q€x B r4x noBceAHeBHoit xusrn, coBepuan nocTynKu, KoTopbtMh

6ur uu hcKpeHHe Bocxl4ularr4cb... kl npr sron AuM Banhn

us rpy6 KpeMaropreB, a orhx

Aerefi oH oaBTpa tanh qepeg nonqaca ornpaennn ryAa xe. Bor e qeM 3aKIloqal|cg napaAoKc>. Otor .{enoaeK, rynqc B cMoKt4Hre no 6aparaM c 3axhBo pa3na-

npodyrcm ?AOJUO4UU.

,Qpyeuu pacan

omoo0unaca poJrb ecmecmSeHHo?o

nocma6t4uKa vepnoil pa6oueil cuaw. Eepean u t4weaxau 6auo

yzomoaaflo noJrHoe

yHu\moxenue.

KonbnocKonho Anfl reqeHhg

cxo4nnn no HeMy c yua. Koa-

aerr

crcan, rcoueunuil

qepaxKanbHoro paKa. h rro sHaer, cKonbKo orxpurri B MeAuql4He nphHaAnexrr OauJhcr-

AaneM 6un Cnaco-EQruoe-

xu, pa6oraBuJhe c Mexreae,

eduncmaennat paca apuil-

oH noKoH.{hn x[3Hb cauoy6nilcraou). Brprc nepeutM B l4cropur MeAhql4Hbt ucno'|b3oBan

nnei6oeM14 rut4poKoro gKpaHa Knapxorvr l-ei6aorvr ra Py4onuQo Banenruxo, a noqrh BcexeHu{14-

Cpedu npouux ewde.tgaact

cKr4M

BpaqaM-y6uh4au?

B cosercxoe BpeMe nog Cys-

crri

Pasga.nuxrr KpeMaTopr.rt B KOHlUIarepe

Ayurrzq-II

Hr4 OAI4H CnelluanrcT He orHeceTce cepbe3Ho K pe3ynbraTaM oKcnepuMeHToB, KOTOpbre npoBoAxnu HeMqbl B TaKhx narepgx, KaK AYuterq r

SyxexeanuA. floerouY oQttqr-

anbHo cquTaeTcg, qro eAxH-

craexxul pe3ynbrar

Aee-

TenbHocrr4 Qaulucrcxux ueA-

pa6orxuros

gro rso6pere-

Hue 6eccuucneHHo xecroKl,lx

MeroAr4K yMepqBneHus. C

apyroi cropoHbt,

BnonHe PeanbHo npeAnonoxrTb, l{To no.qo6rue yrBepxAeHufl - tt14lllb cfleAcTBHe MOpanbHblx 14 uAeonornqecKux SanperoB. ti*

3AecrnaxoAr,r-

6arrepuorortaqecKre nPenapa-

Jracb rasoBulg

ru. OrryAa

KaMepa

[3BeCTHO, KaKhe OTKPblTl,lg CAenanu HaUJu Bpaqx, a KaKhe uM (AOCTa,ll4CbD no HactleAcTBy?

xaM, co6craexxo,

BeAu e pacnoprxeHnn coBercKl4x yqeHbrx 6unr ece apxYlBbl Haq,lcrcKl4x apavetr, rSbgTble Kpacnoi apunei a OceeHquire B eHBape'1945 roga.

Bce epavn no ceI AeHb B

oAl,lH ronoc yrBepxAapT, qTo

Bce cnuulanu o 3acreHKax recrano, Ho Maro rro ny6nurHO BbtcKaSbtBaercg

0 SacreHKax

Apyrxx cneqcnyx6. Bce gaercxr or nottrrl4qecKoi roxupnr14 npu onhcaHuu ncropnqecKrx nepcoxanui Hala ceoi-

rypbf ,

crBeHHo cMeuJxBarb o6uerrrexue u cy6ueKTuBHbte Kphrepxx

oueHKx, acsrri Pas eu6uPan 6onee yAo6nui yron 3peHuc.

AnexcamnpPOCTOB|4EB

ttEEEJln Ne4 Ulcropnn nonHa napa-

AO|(COB.

Eurctrr... HuxesrocnoBo, B KaBHqKax unn 6eg,

npoqHo Bouuto

B neKc],|KoH

MHOrlrX qSbtKoB

l,t

o3HagaeT xynranrsxui

He qTo [HOe, Xar

KOMnneKT Ha npenecTHxqax, He xe'|aloulnx cKpbtBaTb cBoero oqapoBaHxg oT

cTopoHHltxrna3.

Mex4yreuycnoea c6nKlrHltD r KoTopoe

yBoIxT HaC

erny6u MrHyBUero BeKa, npoxcxo)t(AeHIe He CTOtb

mrpro-Qpr,rBonbHoe, KaKrM oHo Bbtm9lq'ltTceroaHr. Euxnxu

gro HagBaHue xe6onouoro aronna nocpegn Tu-

Baprn

noa;re

ATOJLNA

Er.rxrxu. 1946 roa

flo neta 1946 ro4a o Her HuKro n He cnbrxuBarr,

Ho B uKrrre

u3 He-

nupa. Po)rlrHxE tlEPHbtx [PoutEl Bo epenan florcgaucroi xoHQepeHqrr rpex BenrKxx Aep-

xaB, oAepxaautrx no6e4y xa,rl rlrTnepoBcKoi l-eprvraHuei, npoxoAuelueil B KoHqe rorc - Haq€rne aBrycra 1945 roAa, npe3x-

geHr Coe4uHeHHbtx lllraroe

Auepuxn l-appr TpyueH non) {l4rl naKoHxqHyto renerpaMMy, Koropyn oH c HeTepneHueM oxuAan: Baby satisfactionly born. Tererpa.uua yBeAoMnena npe3rAeHTa

TOM, r{TO pqAbt npouJnn

6aarononyrxo. TpyrueH nrKoBan.

urara Heeagp. Ho urp eqe He erou. Or coAporHerce Mecqll cnycre, rorAa "5e6u" Ne2 corper c nur{a genlnu Xhpocl,rMy, a n6e6r" Ne3 HaracaKr4, ABa rpynueiuux- cnoHcKt4x gHaa o6

ropoAa. B cenrn6pe 1945 roga xanu3aKoHeunacb

rynnqnei flnoauu

Bropan uupoaan aoina, Ho Bna-

6oparoprax aMepxKaHcKoro aroMHoro qexrpa

.tloc-furano-

ce yxe nphcrynxnn

c6opre

oEe6no Ng4 h n6e6ta, NsS raroi xe paspyrlt4reauHol cr4lbt, qro

"Ee6u, - TaK Ha3btBanacb nepBag aMepltKaHcKae aToMHag

x rx

6ou6a, B3opBaHHar

xorelu esopearu? Kor4a, r4e,

xcnbtra-

TenbHoM nonl4roHe B nycTbtHe

npeAuJecTBeHHIqbt.

Ho ecnn nx

co6urytu, gHaqnr,

ga.{eir? BoIxa-ro 3aBepultrnacb.

YAAcrcq o6Ys4aru AXlrHHa' BblnyrqeHHoro ue 6yrunxn Ha oKe-

aHcKxe npocropu?! Eule a uapre agrrluPan Ar,r

Slex-

coo6ulra na npecc-roxQe-

peHqh[ o HaMepeHrh npouSBe-

cTl4 ABa B3pblBa U

yrogH}ln, qTo

AeflaTb 3ro B oTKpblToM

MOpe

Henb3g ,MeHHO 143-3a HenpeA-

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IIOqTOBA

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nocBquleHHat

co6urllqr,t aera 1946 roaa

ropoi

HACtUllilrc?E

BoenHaq

Mucnu aMepuKaHcKltx BoeH-

crpareroe o6parrnacu x Qnory. XoA ttx PaccYx.(exui 6un npegenuHo npocr. Kax yxurroxnru ogxotr arounoi 6ou6ofi qenui ropoA, oHlt Hbrx

)DKe

SHan[, a BoT Kax noTonvtrb

nui

Qnor Henplterene

c noMoulhp raxoli 6ou6u qeNOKA HE 3HAT HUKTO.

sroro

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npex-

Ae qeM nprHgTb oKoHqaretlbHoe peueH[e c npoBeAeH[eM aToMHOrO SKCnephMeHTa Ha Mope, Marpocr,t

xa6rtoraror 3a xoAoM

ucnrrranufi. KosH ,4lrs rrcnuraHltfi

MoxHo 6uno 6u nocra-

BUTb Ha gKopb BCe npnBneKaeMbre K sKcneprMeHry cyAa.

oO6paunexreD naryHbl cnyB To xe BpeMg n 6apuepoM Ha nyru pacnpocrpaHeHvlc

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Kone6alrcu He ronbKo oHl,l, Ho u ceHarop SPaiex Mar-Ma-

oqepeAbr

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n) {eHH fll4ub no oKoHqaHxu gK-

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Ho aueprraHcKl4x crpareroB 3TO He OCTaHaBnnBaeT: MO-

Hononlac Ha aroMHylo 6ou6y

Baulrxrrony npaBhurpbr Ha MexAyHapoAxoi

Al4KToBana

h aor

apeHe.

KaHqbr

nolonurHbri orrrn XarOi

6yAer moqu aroMHoro qyHaM[, ee paSpyllt4TerbHafl crna, Bbrco-

BorHbr

(npr aspuae

Hoi noaepxxocrbro

Ha+q

Aronn

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pa3Horo Knacca, KoTopbrM npeA-

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sry-ro naryHy aMepr-

3arHanr 97 (!) xopa6aei

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npennrcrenn?).

croqno licnHTarb

1946 roa

ce6e ace

nocneAcrBt4g aroMHof araKu. Mecro B onhqeHrpe 3aHen

aueprraxcxni

6poxexoceq

"HeBa.qa" nocrpofKx 1915 roaa. B pa,q,lryce 1 000 uerpoe or Hero cranr Ha nxopu oHararo> nocr-

poixr 1920 roAa eArHcrBeH- runeparopxui yqeneeurri or cKoro qnoHcKoro Onora 6poHe-

rRxerui

Heueuxui

HenoBpexAeHHbrM K

rorqy aoi-

Hoceq;

rpeicep "flprHq OireH" eAuHcrBeHHbri repuaHcxni eoCTa Anc npOBeAeHxq l,lCnblraxui "6e6u-4" n o6e6u-5n exxui ropa6nu, oxaeasuricc [locne Aonroro no[cKa Me-

aMeprKaHLlbr ocraHoBlrnlr cBof eu6op Ha aronne SuxuHr (ero

Apyroe Ha3BaHhe - Escholtz),

roropui

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18 rnrouerpoe, C oKeaHoM

naryHa coo6qanacb

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ne-

TtlKrlrOMeTpOBtlM nponl,tBOM

ee |oxHoi qacrr.

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- C aronaoe e papax or E,urnnu.

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hcnbrraHni, npegcraeann

co6oi KopannoBoe oxepenbe, cocrofqee !13 HecKorbKvrx ocrpoBoa. Fnaanuun 6anu rpn:. 6n-

xuxn, SHuo

Haup.

Hu. A e pa4xyce 2 000 uerpoe

oT gnuqeHTpa 3acTbrrx BerepaH l,fg Hl,lcna aMep[KaHCKux aBnaHocHbrx

xopa6nel

"Caparoran h

ufleHcaroran.

aBuaHoceq

- rpeficep rqxenui

Boceuu cy6uapuH 6unr pacnonoxeHbr Ha pa3nxqHblx paccTogHhgx OT npeAnonaraeMoro SnhqeHTpa noABoAHoro aToMHoro rcpuBa. l-ay6uHanaryHu xe

aro.rura

Xure.nu Eurctuu

npouaroTcq C MOT}INAMT,I IIPCAKOB

nepe.u

Aenoprauueri c ocTpoBa

fiTffi--I

apo-

JIer.{uxrl npoKJraAbrBa-

ror Mapupyr.

Ihan pacnoroxeHr4q

xopa6left ,uJIt tlcllblTa}{r49,

npeBLrruana 30 uerpoe. Bpeun rcnbrraHyre u6e6un Ha 6oflbuei

Ban14 TaKxe HeMano TexHrqecKr4X HOB14HOK, npeAHa3HaqeH-

cnycTg, KorAaA'|f, Hero noAbru.lyr noAxoAeqee MecTo.

Hblx Ang ycvneHng. BoeHHoMopcKoro Qnora, yAenee oco6oe eHlauaHne nporr4BoBo3-

ray6rxe Hacrynur n[uJb roA Hacenexre 5uruuu

qeroBeK Bo rraBe c

167

rx-Kopo-

euseeeHo Ha aronr - 6uroHaxoAueuJlrics, KaK PoHxeprr,

aTOMHt'lM B3pblBaM aMeplKaHqbr npoBenu ]4cnHTaHl4g Kpbr-

uBurwtu, noAonexoi CLllA, a xa

flaTbrx cHapnAoB AByx TxnoB:

neM

HeKoropbre

ropa6nr norplD(eHbl

xosu, o6rareHHbre Hure

B cnelln€rnb-

(Hecropaeuue) rKaHu.

Ae[aHocqur r rpeilcepa 6urr o6opyAoeaHbr raKhM o6pasov, qro6ur rgeaeqb MaKchMyM cBe-

Aenuh o pe3ynbrarax eosAeIcTBhg Ha HnX aTOMHOTO B3pbrBa.

BooPvxrBurxcb Kpeficep <fIpr,rnq Of,reu,>

4yLuxoi o6opoxe. Eule e xoAe noAroroBKl4

3vE0B

OpraHrsaropu gKcnepr-

MeHTa xa ErruHu gaAeicrBo-

paAlloynpaBngeMbrx x caMoHaBOA9U_I4XCg

nOMOUlbrO

BMOHTI4pOBaHHOTO B HhX

(OreK-

TpoHHOTO M03raD.

Drone

nLlJMenboo

TaKoe

Ha3BaHne nonyqrn cHapeA-po-

6or. BoenHo-MopcK[e

cr4nhil

ClllA es rr,r ero Ha BoopyxeHue, a aoegyuHui Qnorrorgaxe no-

nyvun 6ecnurorHbre neratoulue

cynepKpenoctn B-29, Koropbre

npounr ycneuJHbte l4cnbrTaHuc a Poccysa-Orag, urrar HunMercuro. B paiox Surunu 6uno AOCTaBneHO 10 errx qeTbrpexMOrOpHbrx paAroynpaBngeMbrx rrraHToB, KoTopbtM Ha+qnexano 6appaxnpoearb HaA arornoM B

xoAe SKcneprMeHTa. K erouy BpeMeHu aMepr-

KaHCKre aBXaHOCLlbr pacnonarant,t xoeefi uJuM BoopyxeHueM Tpex ThnoB.

3ro, eo-nepaux, Bat

yn-

- n3paBnceMbre cHapgAbr Tuna

IfiXffi-_

apct-

BeCTHOTO HeMeUKOTO CaMOne-

Ta-cHapnAa "oay-1D, pa3Mer4eHHbre noA KpunoM 6ou6apAl4pOBr4l4Ka. A ao-aropurx, 4ea

rrna nonyKpurarux 6ou6-pa-

Ker, h3 Koropbrx oAra ("Fopryno-

nbqD) npeAHa3Haqaracb Ane

paxeHug ropa6nei, a Apyrae

("f-OproHa,) caMoneroB.

nop€DKeHuc

nFoprynusn cocroena ns 450 KUnOTpaMMOB 83pbrBqaTKn U HaKOHeqHhKa, CnOCO6HOTO npO6n-

earu nn6yo 6pono. Oxa pa3B[Bana cKopocru 960 KlnoMerpoB

e .{ac. ol-oproHa> Becxla B AecgTb pa3 MeHbure, h cKopocTb TOXe pa3BhBana MeHbuJyo 765 rrnouerpoB B qac. Ho saro <gneKTpoHHbri lrlo3r" BbtBoAhn

ee Ha BoSAyuJHylo Llenb MOreT HenprgTeng.

ca-

Bce gro orpaxano KoHqen-

qr4ro BoiHbr Ha

Mope, pa3pa6o-

raHHy0 aMepnKaHqaMh : coeAvr-

HeH[e aroMHoi 60u6u c uoulbto aBraHocxoro Qnora.

CIIJA xe Aenanv ceKpera n3

r croru vacura6HuM rcnHTaHrqM B Tr,rxoril oKeaHe. Eoaee roro, 7 uae 1946 roaa npaBrrenbcreo CoeArHeHHbrx Ulraroe npeMoxhno oAl4HHaAqaTr ro.ueHala OOH cyAapcrBaM - Ha6noAarenpncnarb cBol4x aei e paiox Snrnnu, nepeBoA9 reM CaMbrM npeAcrogque caohx nprroroBneHri

hcnbrraHus e cQepy MexAyHapoAHoro KoHTpong, KaK 0To

6uao npeAnoxeHo cAenarb

eule B TaK Ha3brBaeMoM panopre fuareHrare or 16 uap-

'1946 roAa.

pnrnau:exre nphcnarb cBo-

xa6lpAarerefi e Srxrxn no-

nyennv Opaxrlrac, CCCP, Bero6pnranr a, Kntait, l-oarax Aun, floaurua, Ertaner, Aecrpanve, KaHaAa, Spaennua u Mexcura. Coeercrhft Cops nonu

cr{]4T€tl 3TO TO

HeH}DKHbrM, TO

nta yHr43t4TenbHbrM grtq

ce6c,

o npeAnoxeHrh aMep[KaHLleB Haura nponaraHAa yMonqara, n nogAHee o6 erou Hl4KorAa He ynoMnH€Inocb... nEe6r" Ne4 6Hna BgopBaHa 'l rors '1 946 roaa Ha Bbrcore

6onee 300 uerpoa.

"5e6n" Ne5 onycrrnh B cneq[anbHoM KeccoHe noA BoAy na rny6rHy BoceMb-AeBerb MerpoB h B3opBanu 25 u'o.ns...

flocre,ucrwls arouxofi 6orrr6apgnponxr.r Haracarc,r

trffi--I

8rc.

pxKaHcKae BoAopoAHae 6ou6a MorqHocrbro 15 000 KnnoroHH,

KOrOpac pa3Hecna aronn. Bspuexan BonHa or Hee AoKarlrnacb ax Ao 6eperoe 9noxur.

AruocQepa oKaganacb cunbHo 3arpggHennoi pa,qnoanneHbtMu BeulecTBaMlt, qTo BbrSBa-

no peuJureflrxui nporecr urpoeoi o6ulecraeHxocru. floA ee AaBneHreu CIIJA npeKparn-

hcnonbgoaatu Erxrxl,t xar noruroH Ans tacnbrraHnl nAepHoro oplDxr4n, a B Haqane 1970-x

noCIrKilxr

Pyunu

x nocrElomrux

aBuaHocua

Caparora, IIptIHUMaBTUeTO

yqacrl{e B ncIIhlTaH}I.tx

y aToJlna

Euxuxn

roAoBryAa 6uno eosapaqeHo lt HacefleHue. t**

Aronn Srrnxu r4cnonbgoBan -

cn aMepuKaHqaMr

xui

nonuron lr

rogu. flpu groM

KaK aToM-

nocfleAyoultae ucnHTbrB€lnocb

nopa:,t<atoqee Aelcrelre nAepHbtx B3pbtBoB Ha TaHKlt, caMo-

flepaoe hcnHTaHlre coBercroi arounol 6ou6u 6uno npoBeAeHo B aBrycre 949 roAa, '1

cooplDKeHuc, a rap(e AetcrBue peflhoaKTyrBHoro xSnyqeHxg Ha

repMoe4epHoi ( aoAopoaxoi ) a 1953-u. Csoe n6uxtaxuu MocrBa Hauna B KagaxcraHcxoi crenu, gareM Ha ocrpoeax Hoaoi 3eunu,-r4e roxe ecrb nary-

xl4BoTHbtx.

Hbr, xoTg

IeTbr, rpaxAaHcKIe x EoeHHbre

uapra 1954 roAa raM xe

6una esopeaHa u nepBan aMe-

HeT KopaflnoB.

BnannrrrpCAIUOHKO

Itrffi--

IATIS|FM

BEll[riltE ]t t[[Eflb

(BonHyx'l{an HoBocTb: Axprxa6nb (frllleH6yprn

cHoBa noAHxMeTcg B BO3.qlx, Hecilorpn Ha KaMnaH]|to nporecra. llrporr 6 rras 1 937 rqAa npqFuer rogApcrx lepMal0il,l n|P|fiFr|rlrTGn Ha aMe-

pnxamcrol repprroprr. B TeKyqeM roAy naccaxxp-

crrf, aepocrar coBeputxr

BOCeilHaAqaTb nepereToB e JIefi cecr, urrar Huo-,Elxepcr... )f - grrl cnoBa 3Byqarr r€ penpQptfiTOpOB r paffonpxeMHxKoB noaceiArrep'rKe.

us OpanrQypra

ttilIHIEHEUPIAn Fpaxcpne qAA

- aAH, c HenaBncrrbror grpre c BocropoxJrAanu npn6utne oqepeAnoro qyAe cBera, corBopeHHoro .tenoBelecKnrtu pyKanu, n cnnaona repnaHcKoro pefrra - orponuoro gnpnxa6nn, not Wnauero uns npegnllayne AeHre Beinapcxofr pecny6tnxn, ror

@n4ryapuana

Fuxgen6ypra.

Qon

9ro 6un We He nepaui pefrc rnraxrcKoro aspocrere B Anepuxyt, Ho nHeHHo oror nepeter cren At a BosAyraHoro naf,xepa u ero neccexnpa poKoabtn... ANNAPAIbI

IENI

MSTYXA

llepeui 4rpuxa6nu c ue-

TannhqecKrM KopnycoM noAHgnce B BooAyx e l-epuanuu e

uone 1900 roAa. Orcraexoi

oQuqep Qep4rxaxA Qon {ennenrH npeoAonen no Bo3Ayxy 20 unnt Ha ABeHaAqarhMer-

uu 6una

ne-

cTpauHa nroxag noro.qa,

14 B

qxr4 B nonere,

nepBoe AecnTuneTxe HacrynuBuero BeKanoAgM KaSanocb, YTo lrMeHHo grr4 curapoo6pasxue KpaOaBqbl C MOl{Ht'lMx MOTOpaMx craHyr xo3eeBaMu ne6a...

B xaqare l-lepaoi ur,lpoeoi

poeol neraoulei (cocl4cKeD, ocHaqeHHoi napoi cyAoBHX

eoiHu HeMeqK[e qennerrHbl 6esxaxasaHHo 6ou6unr r|ox-

Aarrarenefi.

4or

nuHa He ncnuruBanr geQopua-

asponnaHoB.

Xecrxre gnguxa6nu [enne-

u flapnx, npoltgBo4xnx Bo3AyrIlHyK) paSBgAKy, neTag Bbtuie

ftIIEFP-*I

Ell *t*troon Bnaomo

do 1936 eoda uydott )O{ eerca cqum(uca LZ-127 <fpaQ L{ennenun>. 3a deanmo

aem 6ecnopoaxoil caylc6w 3mom tuacmodoam npeodoten paccmoaHue

a I utauuon .truLb u nepeae3

13 110 naccaJlcupoS.

Sucrpoe pa3Brrre alna\uu, B HaCTHOCTI4 l4crpe6rren bHOr, nonoxrno KoHeLl Hey93B14MocTl4 Al4puxa6nei. Heroropue 143 H14X CTanh XeprBaMh nepBbrx BO3AyurHbrx acoB. oAHaKO aspocTaTbl coxpa HVIA cBofr rnaBH bl

r Ko3r,rpb: cnoco6HocTb Aonro HaXOAl4TbCg B AO CTa qaCOB -

BO3Ayxe.

Ceoi Qaor Arprxa6nei npo-

]4rpaBujae BoiHy repMaH[c 6u-

na BbrH)D(AeHa nepeAarb colo3-

HIKaM B KaqecrBe penapaqni. Crapnr l-lennenuH eroro no3opa He yBrAen

re 1918 roAa. K

rouy

oH yMep B Map-

BpeMeHu ocHoBaHHaq

uM OupMa Luftschiffbau Zeppelin

ycnena nocTpol4Tb coTHro Ar4p14xa6nefi h ocHoBara nePBYlo B MUpe naccaxrpcKylo nvHnto

Eepnrn

Opr,rgpraxcxaQeH.

flocre- 6uno nocrpoeHo Bce-

ro nuub rpr4 BoSAyurHbrx Kopa6ns. Ho 3aro KaK[Ml4 oHn 6btnl4!

IltlAHrotAHllt B 1924 roAy Ha BepQcx l-lennenrHa 6un cosAaH nepBbrr h3 ruraHroB V-126. OrnPaene-

ro cpeAcrBa Ahpuxa6nb npocnyxun c He6onbuuM nepepbrBoM Ao 1940 ro4a, npoBeAe B Bo3Ayxe 5 368.{acoe.

Bnaoru no 1936 roAa qyAoM

XX BeKa cqurance

LZ-127

ol-paQ l_l,ennennHr. flocrpoenHHi e 1928 roAy, gror MacroAOHr Cran nereHAoi eqe npll xr43Hl4. OcHaqeHHuri ynuraauHbrMn ra3oBbrMl4 MoTopaMr, oH e '1929 ro4y coBepuJxn rpexHeAenbHoe KpyrocBerHoe nyTeurecrBhe no MapulpyryTorro

fleirxepcr -OpugpuxcxaQen.

floc-AHAxenec

3a Aegsru ner 6ecnopo.{Hoi cnyx6ut *l-paO l-{ennenrHn npeoAoflen paccroqHhe a 1 Mt nnuoH Ml4Ib r nepeBe3 13 1 10 naccaxupoB.

l]onurxu Apyrnx crpaH

KoHKy-

pupoBarb c l-epMaHnei oKaganucb HeyAaqHurur. B 1921 roAy

pas6rncn 6pr,rraxcrui Aupn-

xa6nu R-38. Taxefiacrb nocrurna BosAyurHHi ropa6nu aMepuKaHcKr4x BMC.

nyru

A e 1928-u

CeaepHouy nonncy no-

Tepnena aBapxo

K|o4.ranut

nocrpoeHHan 3HaMeHrrblM yM-

1!14Cb B rOM Xe rOAy B cuJA, OH

o6pea raM laMe nfloc-AxAxe-

6epro Ho6rne.

Uenne.nr,rHr>.

1929

necu. B KaqecrBe rpaHcnoprHo-

poxlaer caMoe 6oauuroe r ca-

LZ-127 olpa@

rot

B 1936 roAyHeMeqKAhreqt h

MOe AOpOrOCrOeulee BosAyuJHOe CyAHO B 14CTOpr114 qenoBe-

HecrBa - 4rprxa6nt V-129 "l-nnAex6ypru. oKOaOCCanu!, eocxl4ula-

rucb

noKnoHHl4Kl4 qennefl hHoB.

Oxu ne npeyBen[.{r,1Burnu. Pasuepu "l-rxAex6ypra, nop€DKanu eoo6paxenne. Orpounsrfi cepe6pncrui Kopnyc Aocruralt. B Mr4Hy 248 uerpoe (xa BoceMb MerpoB 6onuue, teu

rpaHcarnaHrrqecrni aaiHep

uTrraHrxr), a B A[aMerpe - 40 MerpoB. 1 6 orceroe BHyrplr Kopnyca BMeqanu 200 000 xy6o-

MerpoB BoAopoAa. 9erupe MOUIHbTX

Ar3enbHbrx ABrrarenc

nosBonf, nn pa3BxBaTb cKopocTb

I qac. npeAen BbrcoTbt cocraBflen 4 000 Ao 150 KunoMerpoB

MeTpoB, a AanbHocTb noneTa

15 000 KrnoMerpoB.

flaccaxupaM npeAnarancg

xenucnruui

Aocene xouQopr. cao6o.qa or

l-lpexae Bcero

uopcxoi 6oneaHu ytrl4xoe, nraBHoe ABuxeHne. 52 c{acrnrBU3 pacnonaranxcb BHyrpu Kopnyca, a He Ha nogBecHof roHAone, qro 6uno HoehHxoi. Pocxor.us xe ycrynana oKeaH-

crouynaixepy.

B rax4yo us 26 AByxMecrHbrx Kator xa eepxxei nany6e noAaBanacb xonoAHae u

ropflqae aoga. O6yeu npocunr BbrcTaBngTb 3a ABepb, KaK

ne,

OTe-

q14CTK14.

6uau o6e-

"FnxAen6ypre" Aexxui r qnranuxui 3arbt, a TaKxe caroH c Qoprenrano.

6uno no6oBarbcs na o6naxa u neioaxn Arnaxruxu. Ha 6opry ul-uxAeH6ypra" Haxo4unacb He6onuuiac rrnorpaQnn, BbrnycKapqae ragery

xoeocrei xa aHmricroM h HeMeqKoM f,3brKax. flaccaxrpur uMenu BoSMoxHocTb oTocnaTb

Kopnyc eroro MysbtKanbHoro taHcrpyMeHTa 6un anpurxheBbtM.

renerpaMMy.

Cneqnanunuh o6nerrenrui ponnb Arf n gupnxa6na uaroroBxna

Ah'|OCb A'|9 nyreuecTBeHHhKa

tagBecrHag B

BpeMg

gaKiagy

Qrpua

HeMeqKo"ElnrHepn no ro aAMxpanreicrea. Ha rrxxei nany6e pacnonaranxcb KyxHg c SIeKTponnh-

Bce ero aeauxoaenue o6xo-

HeAeueBo: oKolo 800 gonnapoB 3a nepener eepe3 oKeaH.

flo reu

BpeMeHaM

BecbMa

BHyUrXTenbHag CyMMa...

TaMX, BaHHbre KOMHaTbr, Tya-

B Ha,rane 1930-x ro4oe l-epMaHrg BCe eule nepex[Bana no-

neTbr 14 rrypuTenbHoe noMeqeHre, creHbr Koroporo 6unr noKpbrrbr ac6ecroM. Kypr,rru pas-

cneAcTBl49 SKOHOM14qeCKOTO Kplfgrca, a 4n9 nocrpoixu rnraHrcKoro aopocrara rpe6oaa-

peujanocb TonbKo

B SToM

cano-

xe. 3axuraaxa 6uaa sneKrpr4-

recroi x Kpentanacb K crony.

flepe4 BbrneroM naccaxrpoB Bexr[Bo npoctanx cgaru co6crBeHHbte gaxhrarKr (cnrtxn, oneKrpoHHbre Qoxaprxr) xa BpeMg nyreurecrBl.ts. ero 6uno

eArHcrBeHHuu xeygo6craou Anc 6orarux naccaxllpoB, per.rJ14Bull,tx coBepuHTb nepeneT us Craporo a Hoaui Ceer. Bgoas 6oproe 6unu ycrpoeHbr nporynoeHbre ranepel4 c orpoMHbrMx HaKnoHHbrMr'1 oKHaMU, 9epes KoTopbte MoxHo

Agpocrar <,ft,rnAes6ypr> B aHrape

<,IltH^uen6ypr'> Ha nyTr,r

s Jleftrc(ecr. 6 ua-a, 1937

rorc

fiTffi.-I

* t*troo^

annapar, KorAa-nh6o nocrpoennul pyKaMx qenoBeKa, AorxeH 6brn crMBonlr3l4poBarb BO3pOxAeHBe TpeTbero pefixa.

A Ann co3Aarenet Aupuxa6nb onl4qerBopen xau6onee

6egonacnoe cpeAcrBo gnt Bo3AyxonnaBaH14c, ocHauleHHoe

CaMblMl,l COBpeMeHHblMh HaBll-

o6opyAoBaHueM. OAxaxo cyuleraqnoHHbrM14 npra6opauu n CTBOBaflO OAHO (HOD.

hgHaqaauxo KoHcrpyKropbl npeAnonaranu 3anonHuTb pocKOITJHOe naCCaXl4pCKOe CyAHO

3anrpax

na 6opry <IurrreH6ypra'>

nucb orpoMHbre cpeAcrBa. rnaBe OrpMbr "[ennennx" Xyro Srenepy npuuJnocb o6parursce 3a ouHaHcoBoi noMor4blo K

HCAAfl. floeroray Hey.qrBx-

TerbHo, qro rurnep nocrapanc9 MaKCXManbHO UCnOnU3oBaTb nl-nxAeH6yprD B cBol4x qengx. ,Q,rpraxa6ru no uH14urarxBe

M14Hxcrpa nponaraHAbr

fe6-

6enuca pas6pacuear nrcroBKX r HaqrcrcKlre onaxKv, a n3 orpoMHbrx Al.lHaMrKoB HecnxCb

pe{x 3anpaaun HCTQAI-|. .Qnn caMoro l-nrnepa ol-nHAeHflpory.nounaa

ranepet

6ypr, cran HeocnopuMbrM AoKa3arenbcTBoM npeBocxoAcrBa aprrcKoi pacbr. STor cauui Aoporoi nerarerbHbtf

He roppql4M BoAopoAoM, a ropasAo 6onee 6egonacnuu renreu. B ro BpeMs eArHcrBeHHbtM

o6naAareneM sroro npxpoAHoro raga 6uau CllJA, eecuua xeoAo6purenbHo orHocl4Buruece K

co6urxf,M e l-epuanur. erexep nyreM Aonrrx neperoBopoB yxe noqru Ao6uce or npe3uAeHra Pysaenura nocraBoK reflvtq, oAHaKo aMepuKaxcxni KoHrpecc,

onacaBurxicn BoeHHoro ucno,lb3oBaHu9 uennenuHoB, 3a-

6norrposan cAenKy. flour,ruo nepeBo3Kl4 naccaxr,lpoB, "FnnAeH6yprD xorenh ncnorb3oBaTb

t4 B HayqHbrx

qe-

rcx. B qacrHocrr4, npoQeccop Buruan npeAnaran ocyqecrBl4Tb xa 4upuxa6ne noner

nonepHbre paIoHu. Aepocrar AonxeH 6un eHcaAurb gKcne-

Arqlro MexAy Anccroi, ocrpo-

eou Bpaxrean u Ceeepxuu no-

nocoM, a nocne npoBeAeHxg 3annaHhpoBaHHbrx pa6or eueegru ntoAei. OAxaro nraH raK r ocr€rnce xa 6yuare.

6 uas 1936 roAa "l-rHAeHB caoi nep-

6ypr" ornpaBuncn

eui rpancauaHrrqecrri

no-

ron xe roAy 6uno coBepuJeHo eqe Aeecrb peicoe e AueprKy u oAr4H e Puo-

ner e ClllA.

ge-Xareipo.

Bne.{araeHyrs naccaxhpoB neqararrcb B npecce no o6e

cTopoHbr oKeaHa. BCe OXr

rgo-

6unoaanu necrHbtMl,t gnxreraMu KaK B aApec caMoro Anpuxa6ns, TaK h B aApec BbluKonenxoi KoMaHAbt lrs 39 qenoBeK, BogrnaenceMoi Kanura-

Hou ropa6nn, onurtuM MaKcou flpyccoM, reraBU[M Ha 6oeaux qennentaHax eule B flepayro MrpoByto.

HbO.FOP( Bevepou 3 uac 1937 rolqa Ha aopoApoue OpaxrQypraxa-Maixe HeMuu npoBoxanh B orepe4Hoi peic e Cl.lJA cauui 6onuuroi 4nprxa6nu B Mupe. OPAHTOYPT

"l-epuarcroe qyAo AonxHo yAl4Bl4rb Hoeui Ceer. Bos4ylr.rHui ruraxr noKopxn Eapony,

noKopltr u Aueprry. He6o npraHaAnex[T xan!, nucanu He-

MeqKre raSeTbt.

Peroi nuocb uaMnaHcKoe.

B ,{ecru orKpbtrl4g HoBoro cegoHa BOSA)'XOn naBaHuF

cKoro nepenera nFunAex6ypran

no Mapurpyry <DpaxxQypr Huo-14opx MysrilKaHrbt AyxoBoro opKecTpa ncnonHgnx 6paaypxue Mapur, gaKoH'{l,tB cBo|o nporpaMMy HaqxoHanb-

Fepuaxur.

Orpouxu[ eosgyLuxui xo-

pa6nu c nso6paxeHueM cBac-

TnKn Ha BepTUKanbHOM OnepeHh14

neuJHo, l.t KoMaHAnp B39n

oceo6oAuncs or AepxaB-

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B CBOI4

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naccaxrpbt cpa3y xe noqyBcrBypr At4cKoMeopr. pl,r3Hbre

groi xe

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aoro QpoHra. Sror eKcneprMeHr ygancfl. Eua au4araxyr BapuaHT ca6oraxa.

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l-epuanru noulnu Ha sro, {To6u xe paexrrarb MexAyHapoA-

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urpoeoi eoiHur BbtqcHxnocb, qTo paccneAoBaHne npuKpbtnr

caMu Ha4,tcru. KouaH4yroului repMaHcKl,tMr no$reaeee fep_ MaH fepxHr or4ar npuKag Ko-

Mucct u oco6eHxo xe yrny6-

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nave anruQaulhcra. B 1972 roAy qenoBeqecrui Qarrop cHoBa Bcnlbtn ras He6u-

tua. VccneAoBarenb Maixn

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nai-

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ne AoKna,qa recTano o B3pHBe Mr4Hbt,

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mateurtu

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o8ailu:

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CU\OX

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nyrr us o6unroro nnaMeHeM Kopa6nfl, oAHaKo or nonyqeHHux oxoroB BCKOpe cKoHqancg B rocnltTane.

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n nponaraHAhcrcKl4M noneroM HaA Cy,qeraur nepeA nx anxercnei. Orpoutxue n 6ecnouotqHue nepeA nuqoM ncrPe6urenei

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3eHrTOK nporl4BHUKa, Bo3Aylrl-

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xvr

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Hbfe annaparu

Kounaxrs ZePPelin Rederei 6una sarpura. Ee nocneAHee

pa orpaHhqnnacb oneKTpoHxofi pasaeAroil eoxPYr Axrnnu

nue ropa6lu cranu nepexrrKoM yxoAeulel s He6ur[e ono-

1920-x c ee HauBHblMta Me{TaMh o Mlrpe lr npoqBeraHh[.

Tperueuy PefixY, Yxe PelrJnBUJeMy SaBOeBaTb Mxp' HyxHbt 6utru 4pyrne nerarenbpoBrql4Kt4

6ou6aqAn-

lOHrePca u ucrPe6u-

rent,r MeccePtuMhrra.

AnexceiMAtlbqEB

aDf0[KlDIbn Enarogaps 3anag]tbtM r(ypHarxcTaM OTa KaTacTpoQa BouJra B xcroplrK) rax He4en]tHcKar - The Nedelin Catastrophe. Ha3BaHre o6ycnoeaeHo reM, .{to co6ur}tg, noBreKutle ga co6ofi 6onuutoe ronrqeGTBO 9eroBeqecKrx xepTB, npoxSoutrrx no BxHe Mapuana Mtrpo$axa lrlaaxoarra He,qenrHa. fionroe BpeMe rmQopmaqrp o6 eroi crpaurxoi xaracrpoQe uoxto 6uno noqepnHlrTb ToIbKO CO CTpaHrq 3apy6exroi npeccbt, Tenepb oHa AOCrynHa lt oTeqecTBeHHOMy qr,tTaTeIKr.

MflPltfflm ilElEfilfltfi qAO]HATb

]I IIIPE]HAIb

I0P0fllBAln era ucroprc Ha.{aaacu 17 4era6pn 1956 ro4a. B rorAexu

Bbruno llocraxosnexhe npaBnTenbcrBa nO cogAaxru MexKoHThHeHT€t

tbHoi 6annucrr.{ecroi

paKerbt P-16 (8K64) c HaqanoM neTHo- KOHCTpyKTopcKrlx ncnbt

ranul.e rpxe 1961 roAa).

Paspa6orra nepeoi MexKoHTrHeHTanbHoi 6annucrrqecroi

paKeTbt Ha BbtcoKoKhnqull4x

KoMnoHeHT€x ronataea 6uaa no_ pyqeHa OK5-586, Koropoe Bos-

rnaBlcn Muxaul flxrenu.

ecrrsHufi npoeKT BbtnonHhnu a xon6pe 1957 ro4a. Ayxe e

eHBape 1958 ro4a ox 6ua o4o6-

pex FlpaaurerbcrBeHHofi erc-

neprHoi xourccrei Bo rraBe aKaAeMuKoia Mcrhcaaeou KenAuueu. 9Hrenu 6un Rpurvr cropoH-

H,|KOM paKeT Ha BbtcoKoKung_

ulxx KoMnoHeHTax. Eule e 6urnocrr cBoo Al4peKTopoM

HVM-88 oH Bucrynan nporl,tB cogAaHuq 6oeeux MexKoHTl,tHeHTaIbHbtx paKeT, XCnOnb3y_

rou{rx xxAKr4i ucnopoA g xa-

.{ecrBe oKucl}rrenq. Ero xenpytMxpxMag no3hlll4g B

STOM

Bonpoce npuBera K pesKOMy ooocrpeHnp otHoulexui c

Cepreeu Kopoaeeuu nocne

<ceMepoK> oKa3blBaprcc yH14t{ TOXeHHblMl4 u paKeT Anc orBeTHOro yAapa He ocTaeTca. Paspa6orxa HoBblx MexKoH-

ThHeHTanbHblx paKeT, cTapToBbre no3rut4t4 Koropblx 6urar 6ut HaAexHo 3aullruleHbl t4 no3Bo-

ncnu 6a qepe3 10-20 MnHYr HaHecrr oreerxutil YAaP, 6una

arryanuueiuei saAaqefi roro

BpeMeHh. Bonpoc, KaKue paKeKoponeBcKre P-9 vnt eH-

rbl

reneBcKl4e P-'1 6 - craHyr Ha 6oeeoe AexypcrBo Ane 3aqurbl crpaHbt, 6un o'leHu ocrpblM 14 OCTOXH9N OTHOUEH149 MEXAY

Koponeauu u 9Hreneu. f1o cPorau Haqara nerHblx ncnutraxrfi PaKera P-16 eH-

pBanacb BnePeA. Cosgaeanacs oHa B TeMne u noA no3yHroM n,floruaru r neperHarb KoPoneeap. KoMaHAoBaHile ParerHu-

i,lu aoicraMu cTpareruqecKo-

ro Ha3HaqeHhg BccqecKl4 noA-

AepxnBano flHrenc.

B aerycre 1960 roAa Ha'lanrcb orHeBHe creHAoBble rcnbrraHrq ABLrrarenef nePaoi r eropoil cryneHei P-16

Ceprefi

Kopolea

nof BreHutl npeAnoxeHrr no HOBOi MEXKOHTilHEHTANbHOi K'|cnopoAHOi parere P-9. CrparernrecKae PaKera P-9 AonxHa 6srna

nPuirr

Ha cMeHY

P-7 n P-7A. Flocne co3AaHl4c

P-9 "ceraepxu> nlaHhpoBalocb cHflrb c 6oesoro AexYPcrBa t,l norHOCTblO nepeBecTh Ha cnyx6y xocuoHaBrrKe. OcHoaaHrft An9 STOrO 6uno npe4ocraroqHo' Orxpurue co Bcex cropoH h nerKo yg3Bl4Mble cTapToBble no3hut4l,1 <C€M€poK>>,

crlox-

HOCTb tl Anl4TeflbHOCTb nOArOTOBKT1 K nycKy, Tpe6oBaBuei He MeHee ceMu qacoB, He yAoBnerBopenfi HoBblM AOKTpIHaM pa-

KerHo-eAepHofi BoiHbl. B cnyqae ecrta nePeutfi YAaP HaHocrr CLllA, craproBble no3tlul4l4

3aroP-

crou HIAV-229. B cexrn6Pe 1960 roAa Ha nonrroH Saixonyp Ane npoBeAeHHg KOHCrpyKTOpcKl4x

rcnuraHui nPu6utna

nePBae

nerHa9 paKeTa. K

erouY BPeMeHil Ha norrro-

He 6btno 3aBePtt.leHo

crpol4Tenb-

CTBO Ha3eMHblX CTaPTOBbIX 1'l TexHuqecKrx no314414il Ha nno-

qaAKax Ng 41 n 42. J-oroaHaq gacrb nepBoi Pa-

P-'1 6 6utna ganonHeHa hHeprHbtM 6annacrou - 6es

reru

83pbtBr{arKr. Teut

MeHee

nMeHHO 3Ta paKeTa yHhqroxl4-

na 1 26.{enoeer: PasPa6orvrxoe

ncnuratenefr.

2{ OKITEPT

1960 TOTA

fl peAceAarener.a l-ocyAaP-

creeHHOi

KOMl4CCl4h

no [cnbl-

Iff^ffiXffi-_

HrAcrPoor

6sn caM rnaBHoKoMaHAyror{xi Parernulata eoi-

BpeMeHh nycKa TonnhBo HIDKHo

Cmnnymw

cnrBarb, co6craexxo paKery

cKaMu cTpaTer[qecKoro Ha3Ha-

yBosxrb co crapra Are nepe6op-

co 6cex naouqadorc

TaHuf,M P-16

qeH,fq maBHufi ruapulan apfnnneprn MrrpoQax 14eaHoehq

He.qenrx. Buecre c HHreneu oH14 peuJ14n14

cAenaTb noAapoK

43-i roAoequHe Benrroi Orrn6pucxoi coqlaanhcrx,{ecxoi r

peBonK)qux

nepBui

ocyulecTBxTb

nycK Ao 7 Hon6pn!

C cattoro Ha{ana ucnbtraHuc

xoaoi

MexKoHTtlHeHTanb-

Hoi paxeru rorosrnrcu e o6-

craHoBKe aaparna. Boexxue rcnbrrarellr, pa6oraeurne Ha no-

rhroHe Eafixoxyp c '1957 roaa,

paccKa3brBanu, qTo TaKoro Ko-

nuHecrBa Hapyulenni rcnbtraTenbHux HopMaruBoB He 6Heano Hx Ao, Hh nocne. Ha nocae4xeM grane npeAcraproBbtx ucnurraxri, yxe Ha 3anpaBneHHoi parere, oAHo 3a ApyrrM cT€rnr nogBnqTbcg SaMe-

qaH[fl

gneKTpl4qecKoi cxeue, Koropbte naAo 6uno noHgTb t4 ycrpaHrrb. OAnaxo 24 orere6pa [cTeKan cpoK, B TeqeHhe KoToporo 3anpaBfleHHag paKeTa Morna HaxoAl4Tbcg Ha cTapTOBOM K

crone. B cnyvae nepeHoca

Ku h HetTpanngaqu, h o nycKe

7 xon6pe yxe He Morno 6uru u pern. flosrouy, K npasAHtiKy

BOnpeKx cyqecrByot4l4M tlHcrpyK4xeMr 6urno npuxnro peuJeHXe ycTpaHhTb HeucnpaBHocTx Ha ycraHoBnexxoi Ha craproBoM crone, 3anpaBneHHoh u aaxqgfqeics B roroBltocl4 paKere.

Ha craproeoi nnoula4xe co6panrcu 6onee cra qenoBeK rcnbrTaTenei, roxcrpyrropoe,

no*apvutr rcouaxdan,

Stcunaxail caHumapHux

rtowuH

6cen4,

Kmo nocnewun HA noilor4b, omKpuJracb

cmpawHaa KOpmuHa...

BOeHHbtx.

floucrr rercnpaaxocrei rpe6yor paccruroaxu xa6eauxoi cerv n SneKTpxqecKux npoBe-

poK, npl4 KoTopbtx c noMou.tbo cneu,uanbHbtx BcTaBoK OAHa 3a 4pyroi cxlruatorcc 6noxrpoBKl4, npeAoxpaHepu4xe or HecaHKWoHl.rpoBaHHOrO 3anycKa ABh raTenn. ,QecRxr cneqranucroe o6nenunu paKery cBepxy AoHxsy. Co ger,{uxl4 l,t KoHcynbraHTbl Ha)(OArnrcb

Ha TaK

HasHBaeMOi

nyneeoi orMerKe, To ecrb

He-

nocpeAcrBeHHo y cauoi pare.Qan oneparrBHoro pyKo-

ru.

BOACTBa 3AeCb HaXOAl,tIl4cb Be-

PaxEru P-16 BO BpeM{

napaAa

xa Kpacxofi

nnoualI,I

fiIffi--r

E.t*

6opr pareru. Ho ecex Ao e4t,t-

Horo, He yqacrBytoqlrx B STof pa6ore, y6paru c nnoulaAKr, HeB3[pag Ha quHbl

3BaH]rg.

ero o6ssax 6un cAenaru

nepBylo o'{epeAb HaqanbHrK norrroHa. Ho ox noAqnHqncq He-

nocpeAcrBeHxo HegeanxY. Bor xar onlrcbtBaer oAYIH 143 snrsoAoB rerepan-neiTeHaHr B orcraBKe, 6Heutai ucnHTarenb norrroHa SairoHyp Anercei KanaulHl4KOB: uBO gpe?"lq no4roToB-

nyrcrqy xa 21-i craproeofi nrorla/l(e Ha>(oArncn Mapuan agrunnepnu HeAenrx. On crAen Ha cryne HeAatleKo or paKerbt, crosqel Ha nyc-

Kr paKeftt P-14 r

KoBoM ycrpoficrae. Kax nPaauB TaKhx cnyqagx p9AOM C

flo,

HlrM HaxoAl4nacu rPYnna oQuqepoB, reHepanoB, npeAcTaBr-

reaei 14

rnaexbtx KoHcTPYKToPoB

BeAoMcrB, He rMe|oq]4x npg-

MOrO OTHOUJeHhg K noAroToBKe paKerbr K nycKy.

flo oronqaxuu KoMnneKcHHx npoBepoK PaKeru P-'1 4 uu c Mrrpo0ax Heae;rnn

Muxarnou Kysuuureu (9xre- A.n.) nogounn r HeAeauxy. fl Aonoxutl Pegynbrarbl

Ayulhe KoHcrPYKroPu 9xrenu,

neM

Qunx, npu Ht4x - 3aMecrhrenr

KoMnreKcHHx

u npeAcraBuren[ Apyrux rnaB-

u npeAfl oxt4rl SanpaBnqTb paKery

Hbrx KoHcrpyfiopoB. Mapr.uan HeAennx ranKe oc-

u npoBoArrb nycr. MaPuan co-

rnachnce.

Koxonnea, EoroMonoa, Vocu'

nngrrFllK€. Euy npuraBaflce "s vl oH cuAer B AByx Hecnu cryfl, AecgrKax MerpoB or 3anpaBteHHOi paKerbl, crapaccb BHI'lKHyrb B Cyrb npolrcxoAgqero x noAaBae nplrMep 6eccrpauun. Ero oKplDKa[a qenag BoeHHae cBl4ra.

Caua no ce6e raKas o6cra-

craproaoi no3uq14l4 ecrb Bonunqee HapyueHre HOBKa Ha

6egonacHocru' Moxno 6brno Pagra BenllKoi qenr o6sgarb AecsroK l,lcnblra-

TexH lrKt4

teneh u

co cBol4bHblMl4 KOtloAKa-

eneKTPt4KoB

M14 UJTenCefl

MU, TecTepaMu

u nepeHocHbl-

uu 6arapeaMta noAHqrbcq

rcnutaxni

Aan

qnoAroroerrucr

KoMaHAY:

sanPaere!" A gareM cHoBa noAouen x HeAenuHy vt nonpocun ero ocTaBnrb craproByo no3laqxlo. OH euPax

3Un HeyAoBonbcTBxe.

Muxarn KYeuunv, xoroPui

crogn p9AOM, MeHg noAAepxan: nMurpoQax 14aaxosut, rPe6oBarenbHocrb Anercen CePreeBuqa npaBunuxan. 3anPaexa PaKerbr BcerAa raur a ce6e xenPu-

qrHocrr4...D Mapuran B39n cryn, Ha KOTOpOM CuAe,|, ]l yuefl co craproBoi nrou{aAKu, a 3a HhM nOCneAOBana

BCq rPYnnaD.

Ho xa eror Pae Hegenrr He

yuefl.

tfifffi-_

I(AT| TPOOA

Caur ucnufiarenn

K ToMy

BpeMeHh TaK ycTanr, qTo nepe-

Peeyulan crpyn orHn o6pyuJr4racb cBepxy Ha SanpaB-

craar o64yubtBarb co6creexHue geficra[c. B racrHocru, cHcrre Bcex 3aulnrHux 6loru-

neHHyto nepBylo cryneHb.

poBoK, cTpaxypt_ul4x oT HecaHK14poBaHHoro 3anycKa ABU-

npeACTapTOeHx r\raqtax O6cnyxrBaHue. tlepe3 ceKyHAbl 3anonHxana r nepBaq cTyneHu. BspuB pacnnecKan rop9qne TonIrBHbte KoMnoHeH-

f_ll4oH

rareng eropoi crynetr, 6uno onacHoi outu6xoi. B ycnoarnx, KorAA cHgTbt Bce

gneKTpl4qecKne 3anpeTbt Ha 3a-

eropoi cryneHlt, HaxoAf,ulnhcs e 6yxrepe oQrqep no raK h He BbtecHeHHbrM nphqxHaM npIH9n peuenycK ABurarenn

H}le npoBecTu LluKn npuBeAeHxg

flTP (nporpaMMHoro roKopacnpeAenrrene) Bropor cryneHh B I,ICXOAHOe nOnOxeHhe.

Moxxo rolbKo npe4nona-

raTb, qTo KTo-To r43 3aMeCThrerei fxrenc Aan eMy Ha ro

pa3peueHyte, ecnr oH ero

ganpauluBan no neperoaopHoi

cBRgl4. flpoeognru caMoBolbHO TaKyO Onepaqx|or He cornacoBaB c pyKoBoAXTeJreM hcnbttantnh, oH He taMen npaea. Tor, KTO Aan Cornacue Ha oTy onepaqtarr, ga6ua lall4 .qaxe He 3Han, qro ee HaAO npoBephrb

no rorrKe cxeMbt

cc nh qero. h cayvrnocu!

cnyqnT-

IATACIPOOA HA EA]ITOHYPI

KouanAa no npnBeAeHt'rto nTP e ucxoAHoe nonoxeHxe

6uaa nocneAnei

ooKoBoI

orur6xoi BMl4HHoi qenu co6urri, roroaueuux caMyp KpynHyn KaracrpoQy e ucropnu pa-

KerHoi

TexHxKl4.

B 18.45 flTP noaan nnraHne Ha cxeMy 3anycKa ABXraTenc

eropoi cryneHu. Bce htiaee-

url4ecr cxeMHbte npeAoxpaHrTenbHbte 6norupoerr Ao ororo 6buh cHqrbt B npoqecce nohcKa HercnpaBHocTer. flaura-

Terb abtnonHxn KoMaHAy.

flepeuuu cropenu Bce, Kro

HaxoA[nc9 Ha MHOTOoTaXHbtx

Tbr Ha corHlo MeTpoB. .Q,nn acex, KTo HaxoAilncg

a6nngn paKerbt, cllepru 6una

crpauJHoi, Ho 6urcrpoi.

OHu

hcnbrTanh )DKac cnyquBujerocg TOIbKO B TeqeHXe HeCKOIbKI4X ceKyHA. Crpaunee 6unr uyrra Tex, KTO OKa3ancg B.qanr oT Mapuana. OHU ycnenn noHqrb,

trro npox3otl.taa xaracrpoQa, 6pocuarcu 6exaru.

l-opnqre KoMnoHeHrbt, pa3rrBarcb no 6eroHy, o6roHcll4

Mwloinn .9nre;rr

trffi--r

EErt*

noBbrueHHyo norpe6xocru

H14KorlrHe, KypeHre cnacno xl,t3Hb Muxauny gxreno, hocuQsnxy u BceM, KTo cocraButt t4M KOMnaHro B KypxnKe, orcrogB-

urei or crapra xa 6egonacxou paccrocH14u.

noclqlcTBxr IAIACTPOObI B cooteercrBxn c nopyHeHx-

eu llK Kl-lCC o6croereflbcrBa raracrpoQu

Ha Mecre BblgcHg-

nhcb KoMl,rccrel noA npeAceAarenbcrBorrl JleoxrAa SpexHeBa, B Koropyro aou.lnr FPevro, Ycruxoe, Py4Hee, Kanuuroe, Cep6nx, Ta6axoe, Tonux, l-ayurro. Spexnea, co6Paa oc-

raeujricc pyKoBoAcullrr co-

MDP P-74,

MEP MEP

P-9A, P-16

6eryqrx. Ha xux 3aropanacb oAexEa. OaxenaM[ Bcnbl6ery, naAarn 14 AoroxtAEJanu xa 'l|oAu panu B MyKax, SaAHxagcb oTcAoBl4TbrX

rOpgqXX napoB oKl4cnoB

a3ora u AxMerunn4Apa3uHa. Bcero noru6 nu 126 HeroBeK.

3ra r4rQpa BKnnqaer norr6lu}|X Ha nnoqaAKe }| YMePUll'lX

BnocneAcrBl4u B rocnurane. Sonee 50.{enoBeK nonyqnnta Pa-

,[ae

ecex,

rcmo naxoduttcs edaueu parcemu,

ctepma 6wu cmpawxoil, no dwcmpoil. Cmpawnee 6unu nyrcu mex, Kmo oKaS(uca

HeHhg

oxoru.

Grnnyruu co Boex nnoulaaoK noxapHblM KOMaHAaM, 3KnnaxaM GIHhTapHHX MaUUH KTO

nocneuxn

xaTb

datawe.

na 6eey, nadatu u doeopaau a ilyGt Jc, gaduxonct om ndoeumux u eopaluJc napog.

IIoeu6au 126 qertoserc.

Ha noMol{b,

or paKerbl,

lItodu 6CnUXUSAJTU

BCeM'

or-

Kpbnacb cTparuHae KapTuHa. CpeAra rex, Kro Ycnen or6e-

eqe xtaBbte.

Qarcenaxu

HaxoAxnhcb

l4x cPasY YBosunr

rocnrrarb. Eonuu.luxcrBo norr6urux 6unr xeyexaBaeMbl. Tpynu cKnaAbtBarh B cneqlr-

anbHo orBeAeHHoM 6aPare. Mapurana HeAenrxa onosHanu no coxpaHl4Bueficg 3ono-

rofi 3segAe. B

xanpnxexrofi o6craHoBKe,

cnoxnsuleict B qacbl, npeAluecrBoBaBuhe xaracrPoQe, rYpgqhe xHXeHePbl ucnblrblBanr

craB, 3acB[n: nHtaxoro HaKa3blBarb He 6yAeuo. ero 6uno MyApoe PeueHxe. HenocpeAcrBeHHbte BllHoBHl,lKYl

xaracrpoQu 6unr uePrau.

Haraguearu rex, Kro crYlafiHo B xt4Bbtx, 6uno xeae-

ocrancc

no u HeryMaHHO, 84 conAara r,r oQnqePa 6unu noxopoHeHbt e 6parcxofi Mortane ropoAcKoro napKa. Tonuro cnycrc rpl4 ro.qa HaA HeI )rcraHoBnau o6enncx c uMeHaMu 3axopoHeHHbtx. 42 unHroeux rpo6a na caMoneTax pa3neTenhcb Atlg 3axopoHeHnc no ropoEaM, rAe xhnx

unn pa6rlrana noru6une.

O raracrpoQe Ha PaKerHoM nonuroHe HuKaKux oQxql'lanb-

coo6qexufi ne nosBhnocb. PoAruu, 6nnsxnu u BceM cBYl-

Hbrx

AerennM 6uno PexoueHAoBaHo 06 ncruHHux uaculra6ax npol,lCUeCTBl,l9 He paC0Ka3blBaTb' 3xaxouuu Ha noxopoHax B APY-

rux ropoAax nonaraiocu o6uce,lgTb O HecqacrHoM cny'{ae rnn

aBxaqnoHHoi raracrPoQe.

Monqaru o rn&nu MaPUana 6uno xeaogiroxxo. flocsunocu KOpOTKOe npaBurenbcrBeHHOe

coo6qenre o rparu'{ecKoh rn-

tfi^"ffi-*

xrrrcre'oA

6enu HeAenrxa e aeuaqroxxoi

raracrpoQe. Kaxoea cy4u6a

gKunaxa

Apyrllx nacc€DKxpoB

caMorera, xe coo6lqaaocu.

HoBHyrl

6eroxryo

nnoulaAKy

Moaqama

craproaoi no3xqr4l4. Oco6ui pexxM ycraHaBnu-

o eudeau napwana 6uao ileao3iloffiHo.

Bancg c HaqanoM SanpaBKu. acex yqacrHuKoe noAroTOBKl,l BBenH CneLlranbHble

floxopoxu He4enuxa Ha Kpacxoi nnoulaAu cocroe-

,Q,ne

nucb no rpaAhquoHHoMy pr4rya-

qBeTHbre HapyKaBHbte noBf,3Klt.

ny. Vpxa c npaxoM 6una ycraHoBreHa a e4rxuI pc4 KonyM-

6apua a Kpeuneecxol crere

BcneA aa

yproi

Kypraroea.

Ceuusu norr6u.lnx nocraHOB,|eHTeM npaBnTenbcTBa 3a

noAnncbo Kocurnxa 6unu xa3HageHbt xopolune neHcyil4.

Muxann fxrenu oKagancg

oqeBhAqeM TpareAuu or Haqana Ao KoHqa. Hepanoe norpq-

ceHre 6uno cronu crlbHuM, qro, He nonyqrB Huxarnx Qn-

3U9eCKrX TpaBM, OH Mecgq He

MOr pa6orarb.

flo peeynuraraM paccneAoeaHuR 6unr )DxecroqeHbt Mepbl

co6no4enur 6esonacxocru xa noluroHe, B qacTHocTl4 nO-

peAoK Aocryna Ha TaK Ha3btBaeMyK) HyfleByp orMerKy - oc-

flo uepe coKpaqeHue

BpeMe-

Hx noAroroBKu Bce 6onuu:ee

qhcno qBerHbtx noBqgoK o6qgaHu 6unu noKrAarb crapr. flocneAHtaMt4 nocne

5-unxyrHoi

roroBHocrr4 yxo.qunn e 6ynxep

Ilosewtoct KOpOmtcoe

npaeumenbcm6eHHoe

coo6t4enue o mpaeutecrcoil eu6etu

Hedeauxa e aeua4uonxoil rcamacmpoQe.

o6naflarenn KpacHbtx noBq3oK. Bnepeue 6uno xaqaro cereBOe nnaHupoBaHhe pa6or xa CraprOeOi nogxt4lil,t. B rpaQu-

Kaxoaa cydt6o

Ke yKa3btBanucb ToqHoe BpeMg

ne coo6t4atoct.

SKUnAXTCA

u dpyeux nacca)rcup06 cailoJrema,

MecTo ocyqecTBneHl4fl Kax-

goi onepaqur. OreetcrgexHui ncnonxu-

racru, KoHTponrpyor4he ero oQuqep ynpaBneHXg nonl.lroHa u npeAcTaBuTenb npOMbltllneHHOCTl,t AOnXHbl Tenb Bol.tHcKofi

6unh, eunonHuB cBoto onepaqxrr, noK[Hyru pa6ovee Mecro AO

O{epeAHoro BH3OBa vnu sBa-

MBP P-I6 ycTaHaBJII{BarOT BITCKOBOe

ycrpoficrno

ffiffi--r

E*.t* Kyl4poBaTbcg B SapaHee ugBecrHui

paion.

AOKnaAa pyKoBoAl4reno nycKa

o np6ou 3aMeqaHlt14.

Coxparnnu o6qee qucno oneparopoB x KoHrporepoB, o6beAu-

BOAnTen9, HaqarbH}|Ka pacgerannu nc-

cocrocnce 2 Qeepans 1961

yKpynHrB MHO-

nbfrareflbHoh 6puranpeAcraBltrenR npoMbluneHHocrl4 Abt, BoeHHoro

MOrIt,Ie XepTB

aBapvfi

rc-

rue onepallul4.

Or xaxAoro pyro-

O6e.nncx

fl erno-xoHcrpyKTopcKlte

nbrraHuq paKerbt P-16 6uau ornoxeHbr Ha HecKoIbKo Mecf,qeB.

Hr,rB

na 6parcxori

***

norpe6oeanu cKpynynesHoro x3yqeHxs cBot4x onepaqri, nonHor oTBeTcTBeHHOCTh 3a rx npoBeAeHxe B cooTBercrButi c cereBbtM rPaQurou u

flepau[ nocne aBapuu Ycneurxufi rcnurarenbxufi nYcr nonrroxa EairoHyp. Mexroxruxexranuxac 6aa ro,qa c nnoulaAKu Ne 43

nucrl4'{ecKae paKera P-16 6una npuHgra Ha BooplnKeHlle 15 ntoxs

1963 rona.

Axrox IGAMAH

Itrffi.-

[rT^CTP(lu

PDil[rDr[[ [ il0ililililil|

Kpoeaeurr Koutuapom 3aBepu]rrracr a 1972 rogy pox|qecTBeHcKag HeAena Ana 6onrurrxcraa naccaxnpoB aMeprKaHcroro aepo6yca *Jlosnq tl-l 01 1

Tpalcrapr. B npeaHoBoroAHrlrl HOqb r,tx noleT K cBeTIOMy

cerrelxorry npa3.qHrKy o6opeancn a cy6rponrrecxou 6onore, HaogreHHom nlloBxTumr HaceKoMbtMl,t, 3uetil]f n aniuJatopaMlr. B lrerr Hauutt cBoto cmeprb 1OO .tenoeeK, a er4e 12 cKoH{anlrcu s 6onuxnqe or noryq31165rtTpaBu.

Ho carroe crpauHoe

eroI ncropyanro, qro npr,t-

qrxol rn6enu orpouHoro

asranaixepa r nrqggl cra-

ra rpouroBar AeTa,|b - neperopeButar oreKTplqecKar laMnosra qexoi 25 qerroe!

D lrP0K0[HflAlrftl B NPETTIEPXX NPA3THIII floca4Sa xa aanarainep nfloxxr.q tl- 1 01 1 Tpaicrapo, npxHaA-

nexaaulri aB,taKoMnaH nu repx gpnaine", npOxo4una"Ac29 gexa6pn 1972roaa Ha yAxBnexne 6ucrpo. Hecuorpn Ha nosAHhi qac, B caroHe u,aprna aruoceepa paAocrl4 u Becenbn - coBep-

tUeHHO He3HaKOMbte n|oAlt SanpocTo wyTunu u pa3roBa-

pnaanu Apyr c 4pyrou. Eqe

6u, ee4u qepe3 HecKonbKo HacoB l4M npeAcToen[ BcTpequ c Apy3bgMl,t, poAcrBeHHLtKaM14 t4 ao6ruuu, a noroM npa3AHhqxuri ynrex4 B conHeqHoM uJTa-

re Oaopuga Anu

Ha Earauc-

Kl,rx ocTpoBax. f-poxora MoulH btM 14 ry

p6nna-

Mn, rpoMaAHui cauoaet aerxo oropBancg or 3eMflx t4 ycTpeM|,'nCn HaBCTpeqy SaxoAgqeMy conHqy. flo pacnrcaxlto nocagKa B MexAyHapoAHoM asponop-

gHffi".I

E *^r* KorAa

nalxep, eeAoubM ae-

TOnUnOTOM,

Bbtuen Ha n(rca,qoq-

Hyto rnucca4y, 6oprnnxexeP Bunycrrn uaccx. Cpasyxe e rrraHTcKoM Qosensxe naiHePa pa3Aanocb 3HaKoMoe ypqaHue MexaHu3MoB rugpaen[.{ecxoi

clrcreMbr.

Croirr uacclt Bt'ttu-

,lr4 B Bo3Aylunui

noror, u ca-

MOfler npoAonxan cHrxeHlle, cnerKa era6prapyn. ,!,o nocagru ocTaB€Inrcb cqrTaHble MrHyrbl.

nflocnyruaire, y

KOABe SeneHueo,

MeHq ronbe4pyro6ec-

noKoeHHo BcKpt4KHyn 6oPuxxeHep. Ero gogrnac gHaqhn, qro

ABe naMno.{xr xa npu6opxoi naHenvr, curHanvl3l,lpyloqxe o BbrnycKe ocHoBHblx croeK uaccu, ga(rnucb, arperbc, l4HOoPMr4pyK)qag o nonoxeHhl4 Hoco-

eoi croixr,

He noAaBana npx-

3HaKOB X143Hvl.

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nocru QPaxqY3a MoPaHa' Ho oco6eHHo nPllBfleKana BHrMaHUe AeByulKu nereHAapHag PafiuoHAa Ae flapoul.

u3BecrHo. Bo3tvtoxxo, 6ecnoKOgCb 3a Xr43Hb Aoqepn' oTroelapuBant, rPe6oaaa n ( Bbl6po-

curu 6naxu u3 roroeu". h3eeCTHO TOnbKo,

qTo peuJeHhg cBo-

ero flvtAns He h3MeHrra.

Ho r4e yqurbcs nonerau? l-pax4aHcrux nerHbtx uJKon B Poccnn rorAa eule He cyqe-

ro4a

Aepontan

cKoM

de Jlapow

c oucomu

roAy B l-ar,.n4He orKpuracb

Bcepoccr,r icxoro aeporny6a. Iln$na, oAerae e 6erui aB[a-

crBoBano.

Kcracruo, e 1910

nepBac qacTHag aBnauuoH-

Haq uKona. hxcrpyxropou Ilugnn 3aepeeoi cran cryAeHr TexnonoruqecKoro u Hcrt4Tyra Bnagurraup Cnncapexro, TolbKo-Tonuro nonyvreului aBuaropcKl4fi 4rnnou.

Ierou 191 1 ro4a 3aHen4r B rar{hxcroi uKone 6ulu epeMeHHo npeKpaqeHH. Aauaropu roroBrnucb r rpygxenueMy nepenery us flerep6ypra e Mocxey. OH Haqancfl Ha pacceere 10 utonc. CaocapeHKo craproBan Ha "OapuaxeD, B39B llup;nn a KaqecrBe nacca(hpa. Ho Aole-

TeTb oHl4 CMOrnx

Ao Sanx_

KaK Ha 3aKag. Ha rar,{uxaopoApoue co6panacu xoMl4ccl,te or huneparopcKoro

ropcrui - cBrrep h uapoBapH, npuBbtr{Ho 3aHqna nl4'|oT-

cKoe cIAeHbe xa noapuaten. Xypxaa "Pyccxui cnoprD orMeqan, qro (rocnoxa 3eepeaaAep-

xaracb, no o6qeuy orsbtB); yAl,tBxTenbHo cnoxoixon.

Aerarpuca no,qHenacb

Bbrcory 60 uerpoe

onrcana B Bo3Ayxe (xax rpe6oeanocb npaernauu) ngrb BocbMepoK. flocne qero OBe- nocaAKa. peBa coBepuJula ee ToqHo, B

or qeHrpa Kpyra. Bropoi raroi xe noner, ongTb c BOCbMepKaM1,|, 3aKOH-

AByx caxeHex

qxnce eule yAaqHee: aBxarpu_ ca nocaAxna aeponnaH B ca_ MoM qeHrpe rpyra! Ilu4ur 3ae_ peeoI ropxecrBeHHo 6un epy-

ea. Morop cran '|ruJb AaBarb nepe6or, aararop peulxn He pxcKoBarb lt noBepHyn o6parxo. .Qeoe cyror cnycre oH crapTOBan Bropl4qHo, HO )xe c Apy_

aBua_ - TOXe ropoM KoxcraxrrHorra llfu uan-

oHa crana rpl44qaTb nepBbtM nInoToM, nonyqxBUI4M AUn_

r14M nacc€D(]4poM

cxnu. V

cHoBa A€IleKo ynererb

pwvyn 30 xempoa. Aeuampucy HAWnU

nod odloxtcaxu

ilawu,tu cmpawHo u3y6ewHnyM, O6e ee noeu u ne6an pyKa

6uttu nepe-

toilJrenu, ./tuqo u3paileHo.

Bpotu onacatucb 3A XUSHb

de Jlapow. Odnarco omeactcHaa

Qpan4yxenxa He monbKo SUXUJ|A,

eepvytacb e a8uaqutu.

HO U

qeH AhnnoM nxnoTa-aBuaTopa Ne31 flpyrnuu cnoBaMh,

noM B Haulef crpaHe,

ta nep_

eoi poccunxroi, o6yrrau.lei-

ce ynpaBnqrb aeponflaHoM. MauluHbt noru6, Cnocapenxo 6urn paHex. Ilngue (rax npu oraere CnocapeHKo oHa 3aB[AoBana ero cnyrHrqy!) noexe nrcana, qro llJruancrni qeHof cBoefi xugnu cnac ee or ru6ean.

PoxlEHltE AtxArPltcu 3aroH,{rncq nepener (ras 4eogrx, furer_

Bcrh aBxaropoe nnulu

car4p BacnnbeB, cMor Aorererb

go Senorauexxoi),

gaHcn4s

aBuauKore aogo6xoa[rrcu. HaqaneaBrycra 191 )DKe

roAalhArac

cqurana ce6c BnonHe roro-

eoi 4epxaru

gKsaMeH Ha sBaHre

nunoTa-aBhaTopa.

9rgauex cocroence 10 aerycra. 6uno paHHee yrpo. flo-

flosxe oHa nlcana:

"Orxpue nyTb B aBuaqurc) Ane pyccKl,tx

xeHull4H, c np1,|r'|auJarcr AOBarb 3a MHOr

14X

Ae HaABOsAlo(oM x KypaBHeHro B AaHHOM Cnyqae c M)DKel4HaMu,. 14 nplrgua

eror6unycnuulan. Brou xe 191 1 ro4yaauarprcaM14

CTanr eqe

rpr

cl,tgHKyr: EereHhs

Cne_

r nonxoi no6e-

poc-

Axarpa,

aprhcrKa Ito6oeu l-onanql4Koaa r xxcrhxc Eerexrc llJaxoecrac. .Qae xe4enh cnycre

nocfle cAaql4 nunoTcKo-

ro gK3aMeHa llnAnaBnccapxoHoBHa COBepuJuna

oqeHb cMenul noner ra4 FarvuxoI, npuveu c

Aruarpnca na <@apuaue>

ftTffi*I ca,

na oHa co6hpanacb ycrpot4Tb BbrcrynneHne B Kanyre, rAe xxna ee cecrpa. Ho

- Hory' Ao cux qyrb He croMara

noTOM, O6beAxHl4BuJl,lcb

llnanoslru oreq 3nepen

aBr,raTltltcbI

"Ene xrea.

<Ene

lcuea,

nucaaa Jludun e odnoN u3 nuceil.

IIpu nadenuu qymb He clroJfiora HOey.

Coeepwenno nnoxo o6cmoum deno c rcercutu.

Bpaw eo qmo 6w

mo Hu cm(uo mpe6ytom

MYxqt'lHbl

6epernu ee, v nu4us BrccaPuoHOBHa AaKe o6rAenacb u yexara a flereP6YPr. OrAuxara oHa B PoAxrenbcKoM AOMe HeAonro. B uapre yxe 6bua e Pnre, cHoBa Ha no-

cydo6a a0uomopcKoar.

nnoxo o6crol4T Aeno c ner-

Kr4Mr. Bpaqu Bo qro 6u ro xu craro rpe6yor noe3AKh Ha lor, a I xoi{y nerarb. f'lpn HenocnyuaHhu cyngT CKOpOTeqHylo qa-

xorKy. Bor ona, cyAu6a aaraTOpcKagD.

TEPTBAT NET'IT

srouy BPeMeHta B x]l3Ht4 Ilnfuun 3eePeaoi nPolr3ouna BaxHat nepeMeHa. Ora crana xeHoi BaaAnraraPa ClocaPeHK

ro. flo xaParrepy qenoBeK sHeP-

rrqHHi 14 Peut4renbHb/,il, Ilnqus BuccaproxoBHa [cKana Anq ce6s 6onuuoro Aena. OcraBarbcc crpaHcrByloqei aBra-

rpucoi

He xorenocb. oHa Me'{-

c naccaxlrpoM, BnaAultrpou CnocaPeHKo. CunbHblf Be-

OHa noAxqnacu Ha n@aplta-

HeD

xnnoApoMa, cAenana

Bom ona,

nageH]114

HO B KoMnaHnh c ApyrhMh aBuaropaMx, TOXe efi AaBHO SHaKOMHMI,i, - oeAopott Konsnxuu n Muxarnou l-prropotuannn. OAHaxo raKoi-ro poK npoAonxan npecneAoBarb JluArto BnccaProHoBHy. floner 1 anPenn rYru 6uno He cro[n eil x]l3Hl'1.

nerax,

watuu l4Xomrcy.

llpu

rara caMa cTpohrb h KOHCTpyr4-

Tep Haqafl cHoctlTb MaulvlHy

mettHyro

nop qyBcrByto 6onu. CoeePuren-

noesdxu na ,oe, a n xotry ttemamb. IIpu nenoutYcylram c$opo-

co-

npocryAhnacb. nrcana oHa B oA-

HoM h3 nt,tceM.

cKaKoBoi unnoApoM. Ho u e TuQnuce aBlaarpxca nerana BI,1A14MO,

Ht4KTo He

HOBHa Cl4'|bHO

Boo6qe He YflAnocb noAHerbcfl B Bo3Ayx Hl4 Pa3Y. nepe6panucb s TnQnrc. Kar o6u'rxo, cHflnl4

u6o

MHeBancq, 9To aBl4aropbl nofy.6nn>. K c.{acrulo, SToro He cflyr{r.1Iocb, Ho nocne 3flononyqHoro nonera nuilnl BuccaPuo-

aBraropaMr flerPou EecoKOBbrM, AneKcaHApoM AraQoxoeuu u Bna.qxMrpoM CnncapeHKo, ornpaB[nacb e EaKy. lloaeru nony'{tanucb 3Aecb He ogeHb yAaHHblMl4, a nAAVtA

HeMHOTO

BecrHt4KD,

nolerax n nn+uB. cHa'{a-

Buccapron

n[cana ra3era "Prxcxnfi

naccaxlrpoM, t4 qepe3 20 MUHyr 6naronoayrHo Bo3Bparrnacb Ha a3poApoM. B ro apeun aB[aropbt c qenbn 3apa6orKa ornpaBngr}lcb B rypHe no Poccl4vl. floAylrueafl a o ny6nuqHbilx

rpn6ynau, 3anonHeHHblM 3p14-

rencMu. AauarPrca, crpeMecb nocaAuTb aSponnaH

npeAenax

pesxri

MaHeBp. "(Dapuaxo onPoKl4Hynce. flpra Y4aPe o 3eMno nYl-

Aup eu6pocxno

BnePeA A

nqn'

AaBnno o6noMKaMU. nY ecex HeBOnbHO Bblp8ancc Kpl4K yxa-

poBaTb caMoneTbl.

BaaguurP BurroPoeur nor-

HOcrblo pa3Aencn ycrpeMneHtas

csoei xeHH. fler'{e acero

ocyqecrBl4Tb 3aAyMaHHoe oKa-

3anocb He a flereP6ypre' a B Pnre. B anPene 1913 roAa cyn-

pyru cnocapeHKo nonyqunr p H

(Macrepc(ylo A'|s c60prr aepo-

nnaHoB). A e 3acceHro0e, 6nrg

Prrr,

Ha aePoAPoMe saBoAa (Morop>, oHYl orKpunh aBhaqnoHHylo tuKony.

Yxe e MaPre 913 ro4a re uacrepcxoi cnocapeHro auu.t'1

nepBHe aSponnaHbl, SaKa3aHHble BoeHHblM BeAOMCTBOM'

n14

Macrepcran nPeBParrnacb

lffi_-

a=noao-r-tnr EE

He6onbuJof 3aBoA. MauluHu

cana o llJnuq6epre: nOn xynan-

cTpounltcb no Tltny u3BecTHoro ror4a QpaxqyscKoro aoponna-

c9 B BOSAyXet

Ha "OapuaH-16o, xo Co gHaqxTetbHbrM14 ycoBepueHcTBoBa-

Husuu B KoHcrpyKqur. "BuxpaueHHbre noA KpeM, - nrcarl KoppecnoHAenr Be-

"Puxcroro

gt4CTeHbKUe l.1 cTHUKar, - 3Tl4 HOBeHbKhe aoponnaHbt 14 no BHeUJHOCTI4 npOhSBOAgT CaMOe

xopouJee BnegaTneHl4eD.

Bna4runp Cnocapexro xe TOnbKO hcnbtTbtBar B Bo3AyXe

nocTpoeHHbte MauuHbt, Ho 14 HepeAKo coBepuan Ha PxxcKoM B3Mopbe ny6nuvxue noneTbr, Karan nacc€D(xpoB.

flerana

e Pnre n Au4nq Buccapuoxoa-

Ha, caMocTogTetbHo l4nl4 C MyHe Bce nonerbt 3aKaHgxBanr4cb 6narononyvxo. AaponnaHH 6uar er4e HeHaAexHHun. Tar, B cepeAxHe aBrycra

xeu.

1913 ro4a IluAne noAHenacbc nyroB B oKpecrHocrqx prrh. Oxa garatqxBana nofler, KaK Bgpyr ornoM14BuJt4icn xycox nponennepa yAapun no Mex-

rpunsxoi croixe u nepe6rn ee. nOapuaHD norepsn xecrKocrb lt, xeynpaenReuui, ynaa. Tonuxo,{yAo cnacno rorAa aB[arp]tcy or rr6enr. B uae 1914 roAa B pxry co

cBoxM oMopaxou-Conxue"

nplrexan pyccxr,ri aeuarop Ee-

rexui UJnuq6epr (xyAoxHl4K - ero Ha3btuepreoi neTnh), KaK eanh. B Pnre uepraux nerenb eqe He BAAenn. flepeui noner [Jnuq6epra cocrocncs 4 uac c lnnoApoMa pucxcrux 6eroe

TOrO CaMOrO, C KOTOpOTO nOA-

HxManacb llu4ns 3aepeaa r ee KOMnaHrcHbt ABa rolqa Ha3aA.

Ha unno4poure co6paaacu

ecR Pnra, r llJnr,rq6epr He o6MaHyn oxnAannit. fl epeeopo-

TH 9epe3 Kpbtno, naAeHrc Ha xBocT, Kpyrbte Bupa)K]4

KOHeq-

'1, Ho, MeprBafl nernq. l-agera nu-

Kynaercq

KaK XaBOpOHOK B yrpeHHeM He6eD. 6una e ror Beqep Ha

IluAus nnnoApoMe. Penoprep 3aMeTUn ee,

- Bonxyerecu? - cnpocxn oH aB[arpucy. - AA, repaxae Apoxb... Hy a nonerenr

xtrpxoi?

6u nacca-

O, c yAoBonbcrBt4eu! Xoru

cei,{ac! lrl oxa nonerena - ABa AHq cnycrq. Onsru 6un y4nerrenuxui annop [IJnraq6epra B puxcrou xe6e r KpaclBac, MareMaThqecKr npaBxnbHag MepTBae nernn. uKorAa lUnrq6eprco

cBoei orB€DKxoi naccaxnpxoi cnycKaprcg Ha unnoApoM,

n]4cana Ha cneAypt4ui genu ra-

gera oPrxcraq MbtcnbD,

l,tx

BCTpeqaoT anfl o.q,|cMeHTaMr, ocbrnalor u,BeraMu, xMyr pyKx, no3ApaBnetoru. Ha Bonpoc KoppecnoHAeHTa, HTO {yBCTBOBana oHa Bo BpeMe uepreoi nernn, Ilqns

B aeeycme 1911 eoda

na aepodpote a lamqune JIuduu 3eepeaoil

mopxecmeeHao 6wt epyvex

dunton nulomaaauamopa ga M3I. Ono cmaaa mpud4ama

nep6uil nunomoil, noJrylu6wurtr

dunaou e naweil cmpave,

u nepeoil poccunnxoil, o6yuueweitcn ynpasrtamb a?ponnaHott.

BuccaproxoaHa orBeru-

na: oOrMqexxe r€sa6btBaeM@,.

rAmt IoPorI|t xxiltb B naqane flepeoi uupoeoi aolnu cynpyrx Cnocapexxo

BosBparrnltcu a [lerep6ypr n nepeBenx rylA caoi gaaoA. Oxr

non) {xnu Hogui eoeHxui gaxag

flnnorcrc.rft

.qrnnouneprofi pyccroft aBuaTpI{cbr

fiIffi--r

**r=*-n*r Ha nocrporKy caMoneroB. 3a Aea roAA (ABhaqnoHHag

Qa6pura Cnncapenro, eunycTuna oKono corHl4 Kpbl-

narbrx MauJrH

"Oapua-

HoB> l,r uMopaxogo. Ha Ko-

MeHAaHrcKoM aSpoApoMe xcnbrrbrBancg glcrpe6rTenb

Cnocapexro, paaarsaeuni

coBceM HenoAxoAcul[Mu sKCnepuMeHToB.

Buecre oH coBepIUAJI IIOJIETbI

s Pure B MapTe 19l3 ro,qa

Hou no6epexbe oro[ Aaaexoi crpaHbr. C aauaqueI npnulnocb paccrarbcg. CnocapeHKo npuo6pen rapax Ane

noM, Ho n Heuanui onur e o6cnwnBaHuu u peMoHTe aBua-

Ko.rqrax

c JIuAnefi 3nepeaoit

eMvrrpupoBaru. Cy4u6a sa6pocnna nx e Aacrpanro, B ropoAox CexAreIr, qro Ha Bocroq-

AByXMOrOpHblr caMoneT@e.qop

JIEFI}IKOB.

h cbtHoM

cTogHKX qaCTH HX aBTOr.AO6Unei

pa3BeAquK. Ho roAu 6unu

xenoi

14ropeu (or nepaoro 6para)

HeM€rnyo Ang Tex neT cKopocrb norera - 6oaee 160 KunoMerpoB B qac. Crpol4tt-

cq raKxe oprrrxanuxui

oAilH n3 llepBbrx pyccKnx

Aa, oH peutan c

l-ageru coo6tqanr o6 YnoPHbtx 6o9x, HaneTax

qennenlHoB,

6ou6exrax, pacrytqei AoporoBecxofi 1916 ropa nn$uR BuccaPuoxoBHa 3a-

BhgHe, snhAelaracx.

6onena ruQou. Sonegxu nporeKana

rflxeno. Bparu oKa3anrcb

6eccuruxut, u yrpoM 2 uan nePeoil pyccror aBlarpucH He crano. YMepna oHa B Bo3pacre 26 ner. Hecronuro nereP6YprcKxx ra3er noMecTunx uSBeuleHlle o ee cMeprx 14 AHe norpe6exras' Hexponoroe He 6uno.

Caocaperxo xunh Ha nerporpa4croi cropoHe - flerPonaBnoBoKag Ynrqa, AOr.a Ne6.

3Aecu fl nAns BuccaPnoxoaxa u cKoHqanacb. flpax ee 6un nPe-

oAHoBpeMenno pa6oran

HeM MexaHuxoM, 6naro ruel He ronbKo l4HxeHepHuh Aun-

MOTOpOB.

B 1961 roAynocny{aro 50-ae-

rue nepenera flereP6YPr-

Mocraa B xypHane uOroHexo 6ua ony6nuKoBaH ovePx o6 oroM l4cropl4qecKoM co6urur. t{epe3 HeKoropoe BPeMq B Pe-

AaKqu|o xypHana npuuno HexAaHHoe nucbMo ue AacrPannr.

flucan Bnaguurp BurroPoaur

Cnocapenxo, CraPui aBxarop 6naroAapun sa naMnrb o ntaoHepax pyccKof aeuaqru. "He 3Hap, xxB nu eqe rro-xtt6yAu vt3 y{acrHl4KoB nepenera,

nucar Cnocapexxo,

BCex Xl4Bblx l,l MepTBblx

Ho 3a

s llltllo

Moe ncKpeHHee cnacn6o".

***

AaH oeMne Ha HnKotlbcKoM rnaA6nule AnexcaxAPo-Hee-

On xoren npnexarb Ha PoAxxoren paccKa3arb o nepexuTOM, O reporqecKoM BpeMeHx, cBuAereneM Koroporo 6ua cau,

M9 U n|oAn He noqa'qxnh Moru-

rarrrb Aopory ryEa u o6Parxo.

Oxa norepnxa. Bragrauup BnrroPoanr xra Aonro. Llepes roA nocne cMePtu lln4un BrccaProxoBHbl oH

crosnc-c... Yr.reP Bna4runP BrxropoBvrq e 1969 rogy, 80 ner or poAy, B AoMe A'|9 npecrapetlblx.

croi naapu. floxoPoxu npounh HegaMerHo. K coxalexno, aPeny nepaoi pyccxoi tterqnqbl.

xeHuncq BToPl4t{Ho. JluwuauJvtcb nocne peBonK)qun SaBo-

Hy,

npu SToM npochn ronbKo on-

flpocu6y covnr xenPueuneuoi, x npuegA Cnncapexxo He co-

Ferxaerfi9EPHEI|KO

uiltBltrHlbltffi DU[b[[ EuorpaQam Jluaa Gepreear,rva Tepruema npr,lfleTOe eule HeMatO nOTpyA]rTbCt, qTO-

6u nponarrt ace c6enue ntrHaD B ero 6r,torpaonx. XrsHerHui nynt ero cnoxelt x HeBepogTHO TepHr,tcT, a reHtalbHocTb ero Ao KoHqB He oGGrHaercg nxutb tx)roMy, .rro ox 6un

Hautr|M coBpeMeHH]tKOM.

Mmoro ner TepueH npoBer B narepnx, TpyAInCn B Cer(peT]tbx (urapaurKax,f n na6oparopxrx. Gyep6a ero - npvaiurri npxMep Toro, KaK ToTarXTapHag MaUtXHa MOXeT lt3,|OMaTb qeloBeqecKyto xtr3Hb. 3<IKOM,

rrffiPtHHlfl rtPililtB0ilDfl Y allAllbln XOOOE B ronqe xta3H14, yxe Ha cBo-

6oAe, Ilea Cepreeenv noKasuBan hHor!,a cxeMy reHealorrqecKoro ApeBa cBoero poAa.

Ero npa4e4 Xosee-OpaHcya Tepuex pa6oraa xyAoxHl4KoM nph crpohrerbcrBe hcaarreecxoro co6opa e flerep6ypre.

He sHato, coKpyuance nn Kor-

aa-xn6yAu Tepuex, ero ero AaneKyre npeAKr rs Opanqur nepecenhnxcb e Poccrto. uro xe, BnorIHe Mor, KorAa rexan Ha narepHbrx Hapax oxono Maragana. Jlea Cepreeerq 6un KopeHxuu nerep6ypxqeM. OH po4un-

c9 B CaMOM KOHqe no3anpou-

noro BeKa, a noToMy MHOrne 3aMeqaTenbHbte AocTrxeHug HayKh 14 TeXHhKl,l nOABUnUCb pa3BhBarnrcb Ha ero rna3ax.

Kax u uxorue Berrt,tKtae

nn-

gu, Ilea Cepreearr pas6pa-

cbrBancg cBol,tMh rafl aHTaMh xeo6uqaixo. Cnyutan ersra-

a - B llonrrexHr,{ecKoM, e4o6aeor yqt4ncq no Knaccy BuonoHqenu e fl erep6yprcroil KoHCepBaropr,rr. Mex4y rcKyccrBoM u rexHnroi 4n9 Hero He cyqecrBoBano nponacTx. Hanporue, cntr6nog KaK pa3 x Ky

nphBneKan ero.

Suao 6onuutoi y4avei, vro

ro4yflea Cepreearr nonaa e flerporpa4crui ensnrorexnuqecxui xHcrl4Tyr K npoe 1920

Qeccopy A6pauy @e4opoerasy

HoOQe, 6ygyqeuy aKe/teM t4 Ky, ror c nprcyr.4ei eMy npo3op-

t,r

nnBocTbK) x qyrbeM oTKpbtn TanaHT cBoero HoBoro yqeH14Ka,

hoQQe AaBan Tepmexy neBbrno'|H14Mbte, Ka3anocb,

nopy-

qeHhn. A npn oroM roBophn: "Ao Bac HrKTo He Mor sroro

cAeflaTb, Ho Bbt, I yBepeH, cAe-

naere!o h ro.{xo, y Tepuexa peueHxe nonyqanocb Kpacu-

BbtM t4 ocTpoyMHbtM, KaK BCe

reHHanbHoe...

fiTffi-*I

EE r.-ro-nor,al 9ro nporsouno

oceHbrr

1920 roaa. Tepueny uen rorAa ABa,qqarb ncrui roA. Bo

BpeMc oAHoro t43 gKcnephMeHTOB OH 3aMeThtl, qTO co-

6paHxui uu npr6op <rlo€T)>, KorAa K Heuy npr6n[xaerce pyKa, 3Byql4T, KaK My3blK€rnb-

xui xHcrpyMeHr.

cao6oAxuirr ABuxeHxeM pyK B npocrpaHcrBe. Teu6p u xapaK-

rep

3ByKa nO xenaHl4nD.

Koxqepr c rcnonbgoBaHtreM TepMeHBOKCa, nepBoro B Mhpe

conbHoro SneKTpoHHo- My3blKanbHoro uHcrpyMeHTa, npor3een Qypop. l4cnonHuteneM Bbt-

TepMeHBOKC

cxaTb nanbqbl B KynaK

n 1928 roay

craHoBnncfl Hlrxe. PacKpblrr4cb

cryn[n cau rso6perarerb. l-asera nflpaaAa" BocropxeHHo nucana: uera Aeltott-

ToH noBbtttlancq. He-

cTpaql49 RB]rnacb HeoxhAaH-

Tax ruraq.uer

nanbqbr

Cronao

3ByK

Aonrae TpeHxpoBKa, u or ABhxeHxc pyxras npra6opa BApyr nonnnYlcb nOrerufl" Maccxe u "Horrtopxu llJonexa.

{]O'OC TEPTEHfu,

Konnerr TePuera,

caM

(nanaD kloQQe A14Bl,ltll4cb ra-

Aelana KaTeropt4qe-

eueoA: "9enoeeqecrBo c

Kax

nepeA rHXeHePaMr e l1oru-

TexHnqecKoM xHCTXTyTe, a 3aTEM 839'I HA HEE NATEHT.

Pr.rcyxox 1929 ro.ua

My3brKe,

crri

Cepreeenr npoAeMoHcrpxPo-

Ban cBoro ycTaHoBKy TaKxe

Ha TepMeHBoKCe.

KoHcepBarngu e uysuxanuxoi r peBon|oqnlo, KoropyK) npol43Ben TepMeHBoKc B

TexHnKe

He3anaMqTHblx BpeMeH 14rpaer KOHCKI'1M14 XBOCTaMU Ha OBeqbux, Teflgqb'|x l,l o6esbqHbxx Kl4tll-

oneKrpnqecroro noan. flee

urpaer

rex-

HhqecKoi Mbtc,|14'. fipyran ra3era, noArepKhBae

My Ha hSMeHeHur eMKocr9l

KOMy OrKpblrl4lo, ocHoBaHHo-

JIen Tepr*tex

HblM npa3AHuxOlr,t PYCCTOi

hgo6pereHre Ha3blBanocb no-uHxeHePHoMY cyxo: (MYguranuHufi npr6oP c KaroAHHMr naMnaM[D. Ho BcKope KTo-To Aan Heo6btKHoBeHHoMY annapaTy HoBoe Ha3BaH[e

TePMeHBOKC, TO eCTb (fOnOC

nopa 6u noKoHt{l'lrb c

grr4M- BapBapcteoir!"

B cauou Aene, TePMeHBoKc

Ka3arcq t{yAoM.

ero 6un He6onuuo[ eqrK c roPorxoi HrKenupoBaHHoi aHreHHof. hcnonHurerb, noAoiAs

K l4HcrPY-

MeHry, HaqrHan AB]4XeHvlc pyKaMLl, HanoMhHa|oulxe naccbl Al4puxepa.

[4 pox4aaacb MY3btKa, Pox-

Aanacb caua

co6oi,

143

Hl4qe-

Tepueta, (or narrxcroro ro, us npocrpaHcraa. To rPeBoxHaq, To HexHag. MYaura cnoBa (BoKc> - ronoc). BAexa6pe 1922roaa caMoro KocMoca. Heeogiroxxo 6uro onpe4enrrb: 3Byqur nn B XOnOAHOM 14 ronoAHoM erporpa4e noc Bl,trlt4cb aQrruu. Osc6uJre ntoAh c yArBneHueM H[Taru: "Soauutoi 3an focyAapcrBeHHoi ara.qeurfl

,{ecxoi QrnapuoHnr.

OAr,rx eeqep TepueHa.

PaAuot"tysuxa. BHogu

r.rso6pereHnui uyauxanuHui 14HcrPYMeHTD. Huxe, urpuQrou noMenbqe HaneqaraHo:

"YnpasneHne sByKaMu

BUOnOHqenb,

rnn

cnbluJl4Tcg qe-

noBegecKoe neHue. 3aaoPaxuBanulue, qapylol4l4e 3ByKl4.

[oul$

[PEt

Ho npr6opur, noAo6nue TepMeHBoKcy, KaK AOKa3an Tepuen, roAnnucb u Ane APY-

rrx qeneI, AaneKhx or l4cKyc-

crea. Oxlr Morrt,t cnyxurb orn9|qHbrMu chrHatll43aTopaMx

paAhocropoxaMr.,!,ocraror xo 6uro qenoeery npu6nusurucn

lfixffi__ K

raKoMy npyr6opy, qro6bt pa3-

Aance rpoMKuI clrHan cnpeHbr. 3To cBoicTBo TepMeHBoKca KaK pa3 ,| npuBneKno K npu6opy enuuanne aaacreil. B uapre 1922ropa rso6peTarerfc npurnacunv a Kpeunu npoAeMoHcrpr4poBarb ero annapar Iexrxy. "f ucnonnua "3rtoA" Crpc-

6uxa, "Ie6egn" Cex-Caxca u "Xagopoxxa, FnuxKta, - Bcno-

MrHan Tepuex. - 3areu BnaAr,rMup Vntuy gaxoren.caM !tc-

nonHrrb rro-nu6y4u Ha repMeHBOKCe. I egsn ero pyKlr

{E toBEr-J|ErE|[

xogopoxxui 6naerAnn racrponunol noesAKU nO CrpaHe.

Ox no6uean BO MHOTUX rO-

PoAax xaueil crpaHbr,,qan Ae-

cnrKr KoHqepTOB 14 npoqen oroao 170 nex-

qui o repuexBoKce. Ero xox-

qeprbr cnyuanh BHAa|oqnec9 KOMnO3UTO-

B CBOI4 U noKa3ar, KaK 9TO CAepu l-nasyxoa, nars. Y Bnagrurpa Vntn- llJocraxoerq,

9a oKa3ancc eaueqarenuxui cn6, u ox 6ucrpo ocBounce c xHCTpyMeHTOM...D

Ho hnur,{a 6o.nuule [HTepecoBann cropoxeBbte ceolcrea

repMeHBolca. heo6perarenn nonpocl4nx noKa3aTb oreKTpoHHoro oxpaHxnxa

e Aei crBnu. TepueH npvnaAur, annapar

6onuu.roi ueraanrqecrofi

Ba3e, u oAr4H

143 npucyrcTBypulux, o6uoraB pyKy r.r.lapQoru ra naxaoOyvne Ha Hee yuaHKy,

cran ocropoxHo noAKpaAbtBarbcg

oxpaHqeMoMy no6uex-

tyo. "IleruH, paccKa3blBan - Ayrxl,t TepueH, paccMeJ or frca He.q ToBaplfl4eM, He gHaBuhM penroTexHuKy>. Hecronuro 4Hei cnycrn Vntuy nhcan cBoeMy coparHuxy r|eey Tpoqxouy: oO6cyyMeHburl4Tb Al4Tb, Herb3fl '|14 Kapaynbt KpeMneBcKr,rx Kyp-

caHToB nOCpeACTBOM BBeAeHrn e Kpeune gneKTpl,tqecKoi

curHaflr3aquu? O Aun rHxeHep, Tepuex, noKa3btBar HaM e Kpeune cBor onbtrbt...' flogxe oxpaHa no Tepuexy

Fnecun.

XTYI'EHHII EIPONA Tepuex coBepueHcrByer ceoi vy4ecxui uyeuxanunui 14HCTpyMeHT, nbtTaeTcg

eAuHt4rb

npu-

c qBeroMyouroi, c

oce3arenbHbtuu vyecreaun (repe3 cneqxanbHbte noMoKoTH!t-

ru)rgaxeco6oHeHueM. 14 B ro xe BpeMe yreHui pa6oraer na4 4pyroi rpy4Heiu.rei

3aflavei nepeAaqei uso6paxeHng Ha- paccTogHue. Torgg r,rso6perareru pagHux cTpaH nuub l4cKanr noA)(oAbt K co3AaHlr|o TeneBhAeHUs.

Tepuexy yganocb paspa6oTarb oprrxHanbHyo cxeMy TeneBlr3t4oHHOrO nepeAaTYXKa C TaK Ha3bt-

BaeMoi eepxanuxoi paseeprxoi. Oxa no-

SBongna nepeAaBaTb ABl,rxyulytocr KapruH Ky Ha oTHOCl4TeflbHO 6onsr.uoi sxpax. t4oQ-

Qe ero AocruxeHre

Aef crBurenbHo 6una npl4MeHe-

KpeMneBcKoi acrperu r|ea Cep-

orKpbtTue BceeBpo-

reeBug nonyr{un ro4oeoi xenes-

,{6pav lIoOOe

AaTb eMy HoBbte KaqecTBa: CO-

cBoero TanaHTnuBoro y{eHhKa oxapaKrepu-

xa. Ho rraBHoe, nocne groi

Axa.qeunx

3OBan, KaK (OrpOMHOe

neicxoro pa3Maxa'.

JIes TeDI{ex

Huo-fropxe,

l99l roa

firffifrffi--r

EE re,or.*-ns*AA flo croeair TepueHa, ero

Tepnexeorcc

rcasatcn vydou. 9mo 6ua

TeneBrSuoHHae annaparypa

ne6ontwoil auluK

nKounccuq Bo rnaBe c HapKo-

c rcopomrcoil nuKeJtupoeaH-

noil anmennoil. Ifcnotnumeat, no0oildn K UHcmpyileEmy, HA4UH(U

deutrcexus pytcoltu, HAnOilUHOpt4ue

naccu dupucrcepa.

II poxdataco rjty3uKa,

6una cpasy xe gaceKpeeeHa. MOM BOpOIlll4nOBbrM,

nl/|can

Heaosuolrcno 6wno onpedenumb: 3ay4um

AUOJtOHIe./rb,

u,lu ct uwumct 4e.no6e4ecKoe

nenue. 3aaopa),cu8anu1ue,

qapynque 3ay(u.

BbrcTynneHrfl B nyqul4x cHoBa

rlopy

naparypbl B aPMul4D. Ho cxaqana ee ycraHoBrnr

3HaMeHrrof onepe Pn-

xapAa BarHepa "Io3HrPun" ncnonHcnta ogHoepeueHHo

c42Ke6HoM Ka6nHere BoPoLurnoBa, n nepBbtMh rene3purengMl.r, KpOMe XO3gl,rHa Ka6rHeTa,

TepMeHBOKCOB.

6unn CrannH, Tyxa..teBcKt4i, OpAxoxuxuAge, Sy4exxuti.

noKopuna Auepraxy. KpynHue

BoxAu He cKpbtBan cBoero BocxHUleHug, nepeAan l13o6perarenp ycrHyp 6naro,qapxocru u (3aKpblTOM> Mara3IHe. Mexgy rev 6nnstan]rcu co6ut-

KOCtUOCA,

ueH[e

u3 HUVe?O, u3 npo-

Mysurca canoeo

Tearpax Aueprxu,

rpuyr.rQanuxuri ycnex. Yeep-

npuHgna peo BBeAeHxu HoBoi an-

HarpaArn,.. TafloHaM[ Ha uhKapHbrf npoAyKroBbli Ha6oP e

To mpeeorcnan, mo HexHan,

xan 3a oKeaH. e CIUA. 14 cHo-

u3o6peTarenb,

po*daaaco cano codofi, cmpaHcm6a.

3A OKEAHON A Aanuue nyru Tepttena ne-

TUn, nepeBepHyBllne Bclo

xx3Hb

Hauero repog h cblrpaBuJue

ero cyAu6e poKoByo ponb. B 1927 ro4y B l-ePuanru, eo OpaHrQypre-Ha-Maf He, AotlxcocrogTbcg My3blKanbHag BHCTaBKa, KyAa HanpaBuracb h Haua Aenerallltc. Yexatl Ha 6brna

TepueH. Ycnex ero KoHqeP-

TOB

npeB3olllen Bce ox]4AaHrg.

nAHreaucrlti roroc>, (My3bleo]4pa)

TaK

nrcanvl o 3By-

qaHun TepMeHBoKca HeMeLlKUe

ra3erbr. KoHqepru npoAonxarr4cb B ApegAexe, MPHxexe, HropH6epre, Sepnune. 3areut Tepuen e,qer B flaPrx. Bo (DpaHqur BblcrynneHt,le

ero cnyuan nggecrHui coBer-

crnfi nrcareau EQru 3oaYnn. ecnoirrHan 06 orpoMHbtx 3aroroBKax B napxxcKl4x raseTzx, paccKasbtBaBuI4x 06 r3o6pereHlrl4 pyccKoro uHxeHepa.

*To, ,{To f, ctttluran e l-paHA-

onepa, - nucafl 3osynn, - re3a6brBaeMo. EHearu MoMeHTbr, KorAa Becb orpoMHui gan

co BceM[ qpycaMh crrxu[Ho [3AaBan Bo3rnacbl l43yMneHU9 14

BOCTOpTa>.

HecnutxaHHaq oneKTpoHHac My3brKa 6yreanuHo

Qupuu Haqaru

3axBarura

BbtnycKarb

rep-

MeHBOKCbT COTHqMT, Tblcgqapa3yMeeTcc, KynuB Ha 3TO MU

npaBo y l4So6perarene. Tepuen orKpbrn e Huro-frop-

re 6onuu.tyo cryAl4to, r4e o6yqan xenaounx ufpe Ha cBoeM qyAo-14HcrpyMeHre. BcKoPe B

CIIJA yxe qucnhnocb oKono 700 .{eroaer He6HBanof My3btrepMeKanbHoi npoQeccnu

HOBOKC14CTOB.

TepueH cKa3o.{Ho pa36ora-

Ten, cTan M14nnroHepoM

3HAMEHUTOCTbO. 3HAKOMCTBA c H14M l4ulyT MHOrhe,

B ero npocropHoM Hbrlioprcrou AoMe la cryAnr 6uBa|oT npocnaBneHHble KoMno3l4ropbr 1,r My3brKaHTu: l-epLueux, PaxMaHnHoB, Paeeau. C H14M

corpyAHl4qaer aennruit

Cronroacrrh Ox Ha Apyxecroi Hore c p,nnoHolr,t, OopAou, PorQennePou. B crygrn TepueHa saxoAnn v Anu6epr SiHureiH.

Al4pr,lxep

OHU

Aaxe tArpann AygroM: Be-

nuxnh Qusur

Ha cKptanKe,

TepueH - Ha repMeHBoKce. eiHu.rreiH nrcan o6 rso6PereHnA pyccKoro uHxeHepa:

"Ceo6oAHo BbtueAulrf u3 npocrpaHcrBa 3ByK npeAcraB-

flqer co60r HoBoe

gBreH14e>.

r|ee CepreeBhq npnexan B Lllraru co caoei xeHoi ErareprHoi flaaaoeHoE, cecrPoi Qtt3rKa, B 6yayuteu aKaAeMuKa

IfiXffi-*

KoHcraxrunoaa. B Coeercrri Coros oxl.i peuJnnta He Bo3Bpaqarbcs. Ha4o nu roBopl4Tb, KaK

oTHecflrcb

K TaKOMy peUJeHX|o

veru TepueHoB

Ha ux poAxHe. OHr npeepar[flxcb B HeBosBpa-

u.leHqeB.

ero cnoeo sBysano

3,rOBeUle.

Tepuex no-npexHeMy ocraBancc coBeTcKl4M rpaXAaHXnou. Eoaee roro (no ceoei nu

aore?), oH cran pa6oraru Ha coBercKyo pasBeAKy, co6uparu r nepeAaBaru rnQoprrlaquo o BOeHHbTX H npoMbtuneHHbtx o6rerrax ClIlA, eunonHsrb gaAaHnfl, no ero cflo8aM, noAqac coBepuJeHHo Henenbte,

Kouy-ro nona,rlo6uaocb ycrpoxrb npoBoKaqup. B oAHoi ug aMepltKaHcKhx ra3eT nogBl/tnocs coo6u4eHhe, qro Exarepuxa flaenoaHa cBesaHa c HeMeuxtilr,tu Qauluctanlu. Vs

Mocreu

nocrynhno yKa3aHne Tepueny pa3Becrucb c xeHofi

Mu xe 3HaeM, qro npouc-

xoAuno B ero AyuJe rorga,

yKagaHxe HKB.Q ox BbtnonHhl,

a qerbrpe roAa cnycrg xeHunce Ha qepHoxoxei aMeprKaHxe raxqoeqrqe - 2O-nerHei Ilaeunnn Brnusuc.

no, u 6onuute oHt,t )DKe HuKorAa He BuAenxcb, Suru Moxer, lt K nrruJeMy An9 Hee. B Mocree Jlee Cepreeerav cpa3y noqyBcrBoBan xoloAHoe orHouleHue x ce6e. Halrn pa-

ayAxeHqur y BopoLuunoea. Oxa npoAonx€rnacb Bcero napy MxHyr r Hrqero He AAna. BopoluunoB pasBen pyKaMh u cKa3afl, {ro noMo{b e ycrpolcree na pa6ory He B crnax, oTo, Mon, He B

ero

KoMneTeHqnu.

MeHq orBe3ar e 6yrupxy. -B KaMepy, paccqxraHHyp Ha 40 eenoBeK, Ha6unu 6oaee corHX n|oAei, caMbtx paSHbtx, EnepeMeujKy x yronoBHXKOB,

l4HCTpyMeHT TepncuToH, B KOTOpOM MySbtKa poxAanacb TaHqeBanbHbtMl,t ABl4xeHrgMr

6anepuHu xa ne6onuu.roi AepeanHHofi nnoqerqKe.

flo ceoeuy nu xenatua uru

Her He[gBecrHo, Ho e 1937 ro4y -Tepuer Bo3Bpaqaerce Ha poAl4Hy. Ero Xexe llaawruu ao Bbe3Ae e CCCP 6uno orxaga-

snepeilewKy

u noltumulecrcux.,[onpocw aeltucb

no HecKoJrbKy

p8 I

cymKu. Bwgwaalru u dnem

u nouon. Ifeped

"A cnycrc xecxonuro4nei, paccKagbtBan flea Cepreeeur,

caedoeameteu

nodo 6wao cmoamb no cmoilrce <crtupHo>,

pyKu no w6an4.

norurl4qecKrx. .Q,onpocu eenucb no HecKonbKy pa3 B cyT-

rH. Busueatx ta AHeM h Hosuro. flepeg cle4oBareneM HaAo 6btno croqTb no croixe (CM]4pHOD, pyKU nO UJBaM>. B

aerycre 1939 ro4a Oco6ur,l

coBeu.laHueM

npr HKB.{ Tepuen

6un npnroeopeH

gaKntoqeHuto

cetnnetui.,

huenHo pla Ilaaunun oH co-

om6e3!tu

a Bymwprcy.

u yeot o6Hurco8,

KOHr{rnrcb,

KorAa eMy 6uno

3Aan Hoeui uysuranunufi

dneil Tepnuna

Tepuexy yAanocb Ao6hrbca

A€DKe

narepb cpoKoM Ha BOCeMbneT. (Darrrqecxu xe HeBonnAnR Hero

yxe ea 90. xopouJ[e xeHbt. OHa 6ula oqeHb MygbtKanbHa!)

A cnycmt HCCKOJIbKO

cryAxx rpaMganxcx. ,Aexuru

He yAgBanocs. Er,ay, (l4HOCTpaHL{yD, oTKa3anI

y3Hltt lyIAlA "Xuny- Mbt cqacrnrBo, BcnoMuHan r|ee Cepreeeuv, HerprrRxxr

B rcauepy, paccYumailHyn na 40 ueaoeex, na6wtu 6oaee comnu nndefr,

6ory xrxar B

toEE(-rErq[A

npoAonxanacu 6onee AByx Ae-

Taxsrrrnsrufl, coBpeMeHHbrri T€pMeHBOKC

fiI[ffi--I

EE,,.,'oru,-nEErAA Ey4yvu 3eKoM, rexuarunui u3o6perarenb crpol4r y3KoKo-

neiry

noA MaraAaHou. "Mu pa6oraflx 6ea euxoAxbtx, BcnoMHHat oH.

Ornpaenn-

or xt4rxcb 3a 10 xunouerpoB noi 3oHbr B Kapbep, rAe 3arpyxanx qe6eHxy. 1S-urxyrHuI nepeKyp - 14 KonoHHa rporanacb c Mecra, ToflKag 100-runorpaMMoBbre TaqKu, rpyxeH-

lllar

B ryHApeD.

SIT.IIAYPEAT

flee Cepreeerq Bbtxl4r ntaulb

B UOCJIEAHUE

ro.ubl

xll3Hl{

xe qacrb cnequanhcroB-33-

Ao6aBrrb nocroeHHblf ronoA. Mnorue He BuAePxABann, yMlrpanx npf,Mo

pa6ora.n

Anc 6oeeux caMoneros. nog-

H[qecKylo pa6ory e o4xofi rs oMcKxx na6oparopuia, - PaccKaauBan r|ee CepreeBuq, -

BnpaBo,

na 6e3 npeAynpexgenus. V rax r4go AHg B AeHb. K erouY xago

Tepuex

TopoM Tynoreeuu. Ox craa 3aHhMarbce pa3pa6orroi paAraoo6opyAoBaHre

KoB, B ToM qucne u TePuena, ornpaBxnn a On cx.

uJar BneBo

3Aecr JIes

rso6perarenc. Tar oH oKa3arc8 cHoBa B cTonxue, B (uJapauKeD - 3aKpbrroM K5, eogrnaBn9eMoM aB14aKoHcrpyK-

oxpaHa crpeng-

Hbte KaMHeu.

Mry.

sano co6rparbce B Mocray. Bcnounnar o ero raraHTe

noToMy, t{To ero TanaHT noHa-

Ao6uncg Bnacrb LtMyulvtM. Ocexup 1939 roaa, KorAa Haqanacb soixa c OYtHtlcH4rei, TepueHy 6uno npnKa-

nlloqrta Bcto HayqHyp u rex-

BbrnorHcrr4 ABa qenoBeKa:

na6opaHr CepreI [laenos6'{ Koponee, s 6yAyqeu rnaeHuI KOHCrpyKrop KocMt4qecKhx

xopa6nei. Mu xe noKhAanr cBoero pa6overo Mecra Aaxe Hoebro, yronqq

noA nocne

reoPrecrul ro-

BHHyXAeHHOTO AOnrocpoqHoro nocTaD. florou cHoBa Bo3BPaqe-

xr,re e Mocxey, pa6ora B cneqorgene na fly6eHKe. TePMeH co3AaB€rn

paAuoMacKr Anc o6Ha-

pyxeHxe ceKperHHx rpySoB, 3a6poueHHbtx B Tbln nporxBHxKa, a rapKe

- annaparypy Anf, noAcnyuuBaHuc pa3roBopoB B

noconbcrBax H ra6uxerax napruixux u rocyAapcrBeHHbrx Aeqrenei (xal,rHOCTpaHHblx

nprMep, no ApoxaHro oKoHHblx creKon npu pasroaoPax).

3a sro nso6perexue

eMY,

3aKnoqeHHouy, 6una nPrcyxAexa CranrxcKaq npeMtae neP-

eofi crenexu. Paccragueanu, qro HaMepeBanhcb AArb aroPoi creneHlr, no Cranux co6crsexHoPyqHo 3ar{ePKHYn qUOPY 14

Hanrca,| (1).

"2"

TorAa xe, e 1947 roAY, r|ee Cepreeeu,{ 6urn xaroxeq ocao6oxAex ta3 3aKnoqeHrg, Ho nor-

nyto pea6nnuraqlrrcl nonylrn

nuu.ru 11 ner cnycra.

Tepuex BbtuJer Ha cso6oAy nocne 27 ner, npoBeAeHHblx B TlOpbMaX,

nareprx

l,l

(uapauJKaxr. ox 6un coBepueHHo 3a6btr e ceoel crpaxe. Mxorue AoKyMeHTbt, cBr4AeTenbcrBoBaBuue o ero Ha-

3actyrax, ucg,eSnn unu ocenx B ceKpeTHbtx apx14Bax. Bnporeu, no Harype Tepuex 6un,{enogeKoM Heqecronto6ueuu r Meerar nuus o6 oAyr{Hbtx

HoM: cHoea gaHcrbcs ceo6oA_ HbtM TBOpqeCTBOM.

crrAcltrluxt ]ilEx l44er xe, cyMacue4uxe

n4et 6yxean

bHo potanxcb BoKpyr

TepueHa.

Ox cogAaer HecKolbKo pasHoBt4AHocrei repuexeox_

ca. Hanpruep, B oAHoM cny-

eae 3ByHaHueM xHCrpyMeHra

ynpalnsrn 6uoroxu,

Bo3Hx-

Kapulne B Mbiluqax qenoBeKa.

A e gpyrou, ucnorHrrenb yxe He Aenan naccbt pyxoi, a croBHo HaxrMar B BO3AyXe Ha HeBIAl,lMbte KIaBUUJ14, (Bytcfl _ ulueD B BO3Ayxe, TO eCTb CO-

BepuJan

Aonxetue, 6oree

npxBbtqHbte Arlf, My3btKaHToB.

Haxoxeq, TepueH paepa6o-

Tan h BoBce

ereorrsecxui uy_ gbtKalbHbtf uHcrpyMeHT, ynpaeanenlui... esrnn4ou! Myeu_

KaHT qITErn

cneqytanbHbte HoTbt,

oneKTpOHHO-OnThqecKoe yc_

rpoicreo

cneAl4no 3a nonoxe-

HneM ero 3paqKa 14 nocbtnano cooTBeTcTByoll4xe crrHanbt B TepMeHBOKC.

Jlee Cepreeeuv pa6oran HaA TaK Ha3btBaeMbtM Tefle_ TO9eM annapaToM Ann ne_ peAaqn-u TpaHc'|9t_txx Ha paccTogHX9 Ocg3aTefl bHbtx ou.ly_ qexnI l4eo6peraa <MltKpo-

CKon BpeMeHlD npr6op, 3aMe.qncpului ra -srpane 6u-

cTporeKyulxe npoqeccbt MHOrO COTeH pa3.

Ero rHrepecoBaru rpaBu-

TaquoHHbte BolHbt r npo6ne_ Ma oMonoxeHhg opraHu3Ma c

(xrBoi KpoBl4D, Bbt_ pa6aruaaeuoi e oco6ux uxnoMotqbto

xy6aropax. nB roAu, Koropbte cei,{ac onpeAenntor KaK neptaoA SacToc, - paccKa3btBan Jlee CepreeBrq, MHe npta-

urlocb

t4SyYaTb

u- neTarc)tJlue

rapenKx, HflO...o

.Qaxe a nocnecranuHcKyto snoxy oQrquaauHbte Kpyrll oTHocytlytcb x enexrpoHxoi My3btKe c noAo3peHueM KaK K o6ypxyasxoMy xcKyccrByD. HyKoBoAcrBo Mocxoecroi KOHCepBaropun, rAe Tepuex pa6oran B axycrl4qecxoi na6oparoprra, nocrapanocb or

Hero u36a8uTbcg.

Iusy CepreeBhqy

yAanocb yc-

rpot4rbce a na6oparopnlo

crrxr

aKy_

MFY pagxoMexaHxKoM.

Tepuexnoxc r{ ceroAHs 8613bIBAET HCI{3MEHHOE

BOCXI{IIIeHr{e

cayruareneri

Y Hero noqBxnocb HeMano nocneAoBarenei, cogAaeasurl4x BCe HOBble eneKTpoMy3blKafl bHbre uHcTpyMeHTbl.

*** enerrpoxxae My3blKa crana npuaurxofi . CraPui Yvexuireo6perarenb cMor cHoBa no6uearu sa rpaxuqei Ha Mex.qyHapoAHbtx Qecrueannx

KoH-

Qepenqunx.

npoQeccoP KPafguirep, Bcrpe-

rreuricc

c TePMeHoM eecxoi

1987 roaa (JlueyCePreeeurY ulea

Oat,ts

Euy 6uno )rxe AAtleKo 3a 70, Ho

JIrnaTeplreHa

rpyAnnca oH HeyroMlrMo no 10 1 1 sacoa a cYx14, ortt4qascb Heo6urHoeeHHofi artqYParxocrblo 14

AeMoHcTplrpyeT

nyHKry€rnbHocTbp.

u3 nocJreAoBa-

relefr BOSMOXHOCTI,I

r.rHcrpwe}fra BO

BpeMt

ICKUI,II4

Xrn e MHoronoAHoi rouuYHanbHoi KBaPTllPe, e Ne6onuuor

run

KoMHare, Koropylo npeBpaB Ha)^{Hylo

na6oparopro.

rorAa 91-il rog), nucan: oOro 6un ycranui qenoBeK, flBHo rqroru sull4ict cBorM nonoxeHleM norysa6utroro neHcroHepaD. r|ea CePreesnr YueP 4 Hon6pn 1993 roAa Ha 98-u roAY x1't3Hn. 3aaeputrrlce ero 6onuuoi u rparhqecKri seunoi nYru'

Fenxaer,rfiTFOOI'IMOB

BEN[ilAfl MUTbIIIA era xenu4nma 6una a CCCp oAnotr rg HeMHorrx xHocrpaHoK, KoMy HKBfI ne npe.qDeBner npereHsxi. Mexgy reu oHa Bena aKTltBHyKr nepenncKy c po#roi Anrnnefr n, 6ynyqr xexoi tneHoro, xoropui nepauu e Go(xte pacqenrn c xoruteraMx B 1932 rony aroMHoe e4po ntrrun, 3Hara MHoroe, noMorara HeoeuqraanbHoMy Ar,tarorycoBercKnxn anrnnioca XgBpug,rroB...

tDlfclfKlf TPAH3IT BA[y _ ,IEHIHTPAT TIIEPXTX Oxox.{r4a Taepuvecxu h yxu-

Bepchrer, ento6nexxui c Aer_

crBa B Qnswcy cbtH naBnorpan_ cKoro 3eMcKoro Bpaqa Knpunn CuHeaunuroa pa6oral a Eary.

Ero xacraexnr Ceprei ycarui B KoHqe 1924 ro4a nocbtlaer TaraHTl14Boro y.teHhKa a r|exrH_ rpaA Ha lV cregA eusrxoe. Tau Ha uHTepecHbti AoKnag Mono_ Aoro y.{eHoro o6parra BHuMa-

rue A6para l4oeee u npvr nacun

ero nepeiru e r|eruxrpa4crni Qusu ro -rexH rqecxu

Hcn4ryr.

Kupnnn 6ura a pacrepeHHocrr.t:

rax o6uscxrrbce nepeA yqxreneM 14 yHhBepcnrercKl4M Apy_ rou fapuroi Kypvaroeuu, Koropui no ero BugoBy )D(e noexErn

rs .tlexuHrpaga e Eary r ycarouy, vro6u BMecre pa6oraru? Ho Vcarui 6narocaoau.n ero Ha nepexoA. A l4ropu roxe BcKope BepHerce e Flrrep r l4oeee, co6upaou4euy a creHax 6ue-

Luei 6ora4enbHh ranaHTu 14 co3AaoqeMy qenrp paseurun er-

guKn, a Ha ero 6aee e KpynHbtx ropoAax - AoqepHhe noApa3_ AeneHuq Qusrexa. Ha Hoaou Mecre Kupnnn sa

qerHpe ro4a ony6rrroean 6o_ nee AecgTl4 aKTyanbHbtx cTa_ rei, xoropue B KoHqe 920-x .1

roAoB nphHecnh uKone l4oeOe

craryc nxAepa e o6racrr eu_

3r4Kr4 ArSneKTpl4KOB

B TO Bpe_ M9 eu{e He r3}^{eHHbtx Marepua_

aoe. ero nprHeclo CraneruHuKoBy Hay{Hbt[

aeroprrer.

Kupunn 6un4yr.uoi

A erue

ec roi xoi/t-

naHur Korner, nocKolbKy B MX_

Hyrbt orAbtxa My3l4qxpoBa, Ha poflne, B3CTOM HanpoKar B KBap_ Thpy, rAe xun c cecrpoi Mapr-

Hoi. floqrr KaxAae Bcrpeqa

Qusrxoa eaaepuJ€rnacb KoHqeproM: Ha cKpxnKe urpan flroe

OpeHxeau, Crxenunuxoe HacrolbKo Brpryo3Ho aKKOMnaHu_ poBan eMy, rTo oAHaXAbt nony_ 9l,1tl KOMnIUM9HT KOMnO3uTOpa

l-aasyxoaa. Kax-ro nocne raKo-

ro KoHqepra l4rops Kypvaroe r Mapuxa coo6qrau co6paaul4Mcq, 9To xeHqrcr. TauaAoi

H3BecrHoro BAHrnux flerPa Kanuqu. flpneu cPa6oran: cePY eprecry PegePQoPaY noprper noHpaButlcc, 14 OH cKaSan:

ollycru eAerlo

B Keu6prg2re KuPnan sxaxoMr4rcfl c rPYAaMh no cAePHoi

Qrasrre KorPoQra u Yonroxa, noMoraeT }rM

gKcnepnMeHTax.

B ceo6oAHoe BPeMn nyreuecrByer Ha MOTOql4Kfle, noceqaer qery Kannq, Y Koropblx 6un ponnu. flocnYuaru ero 3t'lKY CloAa nPuxoAun

MY-

u cAeP-

xaHnuI PegePQoPa. huenxo

MysbrKa cblrpana BaxHylo ponb B

nvrqHoi xtt3Ht4 MonoAoro YHe-

xoro CrnenuHuKoBa. YsHae, vro ee xBapTglpaHT el4e u nnaHucr'

Bepsufilpyr AHToH

Barurep

caaAu6u

ryrxe

rag6pann o6tttYt-

rerbHoro h Becenoro opexre-

nn. K erouY BPeMeHh Y KnPun-

na A VroPA noqBxncc HoBbli 3HaKoMbfi - 22'neraui 6enorypui KpacaBeq Axrox BaasTep. t{eroBex xeyeuxoi exeprrh, oH 6un QonraxupyoulrM

BbtAyMult4KOM, nOSTOM' aKTepoM 14, rnaBHOe, TaraHTnuBblM

Quanxom. CuxeauxuxoB npx6nrxaer K cBoef rPYnne AHro-

Kupum Cuaenanurcoa npucJltut

Kopmo.tKy, KOmopat paccrrewuna nenunepadcxyto duacnopY e Ken6pudrcCKOJtt YHUSePCU-

meme: on 6ou 3AneqomreH

a rcoltcanoil ,eypmKe, aQQercmno

nademoil rcenrce, c nanupocofr e sy6ax.

Ha, Koropblf BcKoPe craHoBl4Tce ApyroM euY n KYPsaroeY. r.lepes rpr roAa hoO<De aan peKoMeHAaqnlo cxHenbHl,|KOBy Ha cr€DKrPoBxY x PesePQoPgY s

Keu6pra4xcKll i YH BePchrer r rAe Ao Hero no6blBanr Kanrqa, O6perauoa, FaMos. Yexae o xoBOM KaHAUAaTe B craxepbl' 14

yBneqeHHOM t4CCneAoBaHreM cerHeroeoi conl4 vl ee ceoicta, eenuxuVt Orshr, oAHaKo' 3axoTen yB[Aerb ronbKo ero Qoro. Krpunn npucnan KaProqKY' Ko-

Topag paccMeuJglta neHrHrpaAcKyp Auacnopy e KaeeH-

Araulcxoi na6oParoPut'l: oH 6un SaneqarneH e

xoxaxoi KyprKe'

sQQerrno xaAeroi KenKe, c nannpocol

sY6ax

ronlte

)DKe

xoSgrKa npnrnauaer ero Ha roQe u npocl,lr noYlrparb' 3Ha-

KoMxr ero co ceoei nogPYroi' BnaAeoqei rncrPYueHrou. Ta, B cBolo oqepeAb' npnBOAl4r MnaAtxylo cecTpy-cKpl4 naqKy. MysuxanuHue BeqePa

Tator<e

craflr

qacrblMt4.

COBIICNT AHilT'ITHIA Ona PoArnacb

ceMbe cPeA-

Hero Aocrarxa. B naHcuoHe

yqlnacb My3blKe, 3aTeM npoAotxvtna o6pa3oBaHre B Kotl-

neAxe, rAe nosHana oKoHoMl4Ky, BeAeHhe

xogsicrsa

yl ne'qa-

roruKy. Flpe4noxexre 6uru gxononxoi l4MeH14g OTBeprtla: xo-

Tena He3aBYlcl,lMocrt4. Crana npenoAaBaTb AoMOBOACTBO

c no4pyroi KoMHary, noceqana

xencroi uKone. Cxuuana

KOHqepTbl, KI4HO; HecMorpf, Ha

qepKoBHble 3anpeTH'

B BOC-

KpecHble AHt4 rrpurna Ha cKp,ln-

re. 3xaxoucrBo c

PYccKl4M 143-

MeHvtflo ee ruuP. Begu KrPa (rax

oHa 3Bana ero) nosxaxoMun ee CO CBOtlMtl xl4SHePanOCTHblMl4

r yqacrnl4BblMr 3eMncKaMr. A/tc OEAla Haqaflacb xt43Hb, Ha-

nonHeHHag CBeTnblMvl KpacKaMl4 t4 My3uxol. BcxoPe oHa

npeAcraBxna cBoero napHq poAhTenRM, KOTOpbtM oH noHpa-

rAe BbtpaullrBana Ha paAocTb

Coros

uaxu. 3areM AnpeKTop npt.tfnacnn coAa pa6orHrroe EoTaHrqecKoro c na, n BMecre c

nucana cecmpe

OHa O3ereHhna TepprToputo V@Th. Boo6r.qe, Xapuxoa t4 xt4gHb B HeM ei HpaB[nacb: BCe 3AeCb KUnUT, CTpOl,lTCg,

rcynuau powra! Tenepa noxno uepamb

Buncl. K oruee4y Knpunaa e oxr yxe 6unr san6aeHu.

Qeepann 1930 roAa B noconbcrBe CCCP Saxa Anuepe-

AOBHa nonyr{rna AoKyMeHT

6pare, coaercxri nacnopr

O 14,

c{acT,lrBag, Haqara co6uparucc e Poccl,lo. PoAurenu He oclDK-

Aanr ee: ux 6onuue oropqhro To, qro Knpunn orKa3ancq B3flTb B noAapoK AeHbru u npxAaHoe

uono4oi cynpyrx.

B ropo4e xa Heae, rAe (Bce BbtrIrAl,tT OpUrhHanbHo, BCe npxHarq,rexxT HapoAyD, KaK oHa

BocropxeHHo nhcana Aouoi,

no6unt HeAonro. yqexoro

xgan XapuxoB, rAe co3AaBan-

BCeM TonbnaHbt, HapL{l4ccH

Konerno, 9ddu ctcyuotta no Anetuu,

Hr4M14

nucbila: <Haxoxe4

HA CKpuntce u Ha potue.

lloerouy Aaxe Ha 6uroaue TpyAHOCTt4 OHa SaM14

OTqa

CMorpeaa rna-

,[on cmapatoct cdeaamo

KaK Ha BpeMeH_

xoe xey4o6crao. B ronoAHyrl nopy npo.qaBana Belqh, qro6u Kynrrb npoAyKroB. Tar yxaru_ nocb B ToprcuH gaxe o6py-

u menJrbtt4. He cnoeta

Koxerxo, cKyyana no AHrnuut nucana cecTpe AnhHHbte,

Kynu/ra ,tapruo,

ynmHunl

Kynumb

umopu,

qanbHoe Konbqo.

no,morily HAKTTeUJTA

cn Vrparxcxui

no4po6xue, KaK AHeBHtaK, nxcbMa: (HaKoHeq Kynl4nH ponlu!

HA Hee ea3emu,

B qhcne nrAepoB HayqHoro AecaHTa, KOTOpOMy npeAcTO9nO nonbtTaTbcg TaM

Teneps uoxxo hrparb Ha cKpunKe r Ha poene. Kupa urpaer, KOrAa BHAaerce nepBae xe nay_ ea. O6perar.loB roxe xrpaer Ha

npeKpacHue

.{ecrri uHcrnryr,ersrro-rexxrr Crxeauxuroe 6un

BnepBbte e CCCp pacqennrb aroMHoe AApo nurul. flo rouy KaK

AltpeKrop VOTh l4eaH 06-

pe[MO8 BCTpeTrn nx u pa3Me-

crun B KBaprupe, OAHa noxc-

na: B oroi naysHoi cpege

nphAeTcc noSHaBaTb xlr3Hb HOaoi ceoei crpaHbt.

0 norb3E {ACrHot

IIPEIIICTH Maua 6una o6ult,trenu-

Hoi- ta He crecHqflacb F3btKa,

He3HaHtag

BCnOMllHaeT ee goqb

psunnu- KrprnnoaHa.

Bcxo-

pe y Hee nogBnnocb MHOrO Apy_

geE. Ho cauoi 6nrsroi Arc xee crana ceMbe Barurepoe. C Ax-

TOHOM pa3roBaprBana no_

Qpaxqyacxn, ero xeHa Bepa

Axaronueaxa 6pana MaMy c co6oI, rorAa xeHbt corpyAHlrKoB uJnt,t noMorarb MyxbsM e na6o_ paTop,tu roToBhTb SKCnepxMeHTbt. A O6per,rraoe BuAenhn

ei rnoror geMnt,t, Ha KoropoM

MaMa cogAana (ca,4ux Og,qn",

u nonyqu/rucb

wmopur.

pog,le, u I l4HOrAa xoxy K HeMy hrparb Ha cKplrnKe. Aou craparocb cAenaTb y|oTHbtM r Ten_ ruu. He cMorna Kynurb uJTopbr, nooroMy Kynxfla Mapn|o, HaKnerna Ha Hee ra3erbt, u no_ lrcb npeKpacHbte uTopbt.

nyqr4fl

A Knpa cAenan Bepreulyocn

cnhparb ua Qonurr HaA ropule_ poun. 6 Hon6pe 1930 roAa coo6ulaer: "Krpa AoaxeH AeMoH-

cTpxpoBaTb qIeHaM npaBXTenb_ cTBa cBolo HoBylo ycTaHOBKy C

erous4aHr.rz

l0 orrx6pa 1932 rom BrrepBbre

n CCCP pacuerII4nr.r ITPO NldTilfl

B Aoue pogurenefi no6u-

aaara l4oQQe, 6YAYulae Ho6eneBcK[e naypearbt - Kanrqa, CeraeHoe, flaHAaY, KoxPoQr' Aupar, - BcnoMrHaer F)xunnu

9acro npre3-

KupunaoeHa.

- Ko6exo, Maxarn Kypraroe,

exalu K orqy npoAOIXaTb X3yqeHue HoBblx AlrnbruJKoB. OHr

3ne KTP

1,1

KOB -

CerHeTOone KTP 1'l -

roe. flpoeoAutt14 coBMecrHble roxQepeHqru, Ho crpeMunhcb Bcrperrrbcq n c uauofi,'{ro6ut 3apqAurbcfl ee xuaofi anrnnh-

pevun, cMexoM yl Bt4pryosxofi nrPor na crPunre' Bcex

croi

,|x, saHgTblx cepbe3HblM AeIOM

u npeAcraBngloulrlx ceKperbl cHonoM r4cKp>. A 14 orre6Pc 1931 roaa Aeranta3]lpyer: nKnpa c AHroHoM roroBqrcg nonyquru 1,3 MxnnuoHa Bonbr A,|9 pacqenneHng. aroMa, Ho raK KaK uM rpoMKl4M TpecKoM

Crenrr

nu-ruru Or.qr,r oAela n

6apxar

3EJIEHU

aaAo

7 MhrnroHoB, To eule

MHOroe npeAcrol4T cAerarb).

Taraq qerrae rexHuqecKac rHQopruarlr,ra cKPxnaqKu 6Hna,

qro uHoe' HeoQuqhanbHoe coo6qenrae KorpoQry x YonroHY' Yxe

HaAO nonararb, He

rar

<B doue podumeneil

cTogBtlll4M Ha nopore ocyule-

no6weatu

crBreHl'lc eAepHot peaKqnll c

IIoQQe, Kanu4a,

o roM,

noMolqblo 3apgxeHHblx qacTuq,

cuxenuHu'{TO rpynna Toxe BblxoAl4T Ha 3aBepueHne oKcnepuMeHTa no pacuenneHu|o sApa aroMa nporo-

Ceuenoe,

KOBa

JIanday, Kypuamoa,

6CnOilUHAem

,[xuanu

Kupwuoena. Onu exatu

K omqy HO Cmpernurrucb

6Cmpemumbca

HaMn BbtcoKof cKopocrl4. B 1931 ro.qy 3.qAr Ha notlroAa noexana s AHrntao. BePnYracb co crynbgMll, rYxottxoi Yr-

Bapbp, tueeiHofi uauruxxoi MaMbl. h Haqanocu ee HoBoe

u c manoil,

HA CKpUnKOr.

oH opraHr3oBaH ryi{ue, qeM KaeeHgru". Coo6qas o Bl'1314re aMep[KaHqa BaH Ae l-PaaQa, sa pa6oraun Koroporo MYx BH!rMaTenbHo

cneAur' cHoBa

AeTanrshpyer: "Tenepu Kupa 3aHnr nocrpoeHueM caMoro 6oauuoro B MxPe reHeparopa' c KoropblM H2neerctl nonyqhrb

7,5 tuunnuona Botlbr HanpcxeHhc. Oro 6onuuroi uar BnePeA B pa3BUTl4l4 TeXHXKI4

A'|9 l4ccne-

AoBaHxq aroMa>. Cnycrs Aea roAa oreq coo6ulrn xa Bcecoo3HOr KOHoepeHql4u no aroM-

HoMy eApy o 3anycKe ero rpyn-

noi

nepeoro a EePone eneKrpocrar14qecKoro reHepaTopa Ha 3,5 MrnflhoHa Borlbr. Ho ecrope 3AAta gaMe'{aer:

poI

aae,tuilcrcoil

uzpou

Bne''{arneHueM or Hauero rHcTl4Tyra n roBopcT' t{To

6onuuuu

nocropoHHlrx h pacKpenouaorcf, TottbKo HaeAuHe c nei u Kr-

ee crcueoil

u eupmyoexoil

MaMa npuHl4Mana c paAocrblo' HeKoropble xnnuy Hee noAonry KaK Apy3be. A ora nocre eroro nruer cecrpe: nAHrn['{aHe noA

Apy3bg cr€Invl cAepxaHHHMn np14

qmo6w

sapadumocn

peqbn, cilexorr

rocyAaPcrBenHoi BaxHocrl4'

ypoBHe aHrnxicxux cAepquxoe' e YOTI4 3aqacrxnta rocrl4' t4 3flAu nopyvttnx npxHrMarb tax'

OHa eu{e He noHuMana

npo-

xcxoAFlqero BorPYr. BHesannui

apecr O6pehMoBa PacqeHxna KaK HeAoPa3YMeHre'

06 aPec-

ToBaHHoM fl einyxcrou AyMana, qro ror B KoMaHlqupoere. Kor4a

punna

B Y@TVI

yHxBepcure-

B 1934 roAycHoBa noexana B AHrnrp. EepeuexHocTb no3Bonunaefi orBreqb BHrMaHre cHaqala nolbcKl4x, a 3aTeM n He-

re, rAe oH npenoAaeT, )D(e BCe yBaKurenbHo soayr (!,: oH BogrnaBnfl er xaQe4pu, craHoBl4rc9 KOOpAI4HaTOpOM sKcneprMeHToB. B ro4u eoixu a Kasaxcrate CuHeabHrKoB c Banbreporu n l-onoerHuu paepa6aruBator 4as QpoHra pa^l4onoKarop Kl4Arpox (Kraprann, l4ropu, Axrox). Kax roauro oceo6oAri-

- ranocneAHrx cnpgTafla naeKy 3eT h xypHanoB c onhcaHl4eM pa6or Krpu no pacu{enneHxo

au Xapuxoe, nocneuJln B ropoA,

aroMa, cea Ha Hee 6yKBanbHo nepeA tax noqBreHueM e xyne. Tar

aui Querex, Ho yxe

Kanuqa, ysHaB, qro eMy 3anpeThrr4 Bbte3xaru e Anrnno, nepeuyrhTb c Her, peuuna, qro nony{un oTBeTCTBeHHOe npa-

cT€rn

BUTerbcTBeHHOe 3aAaHXe.

MeqKIX TaMOXeHHTKOB

uSAaHAf, C Xnn|ocTpxpoBaH

Hbt _

Mh MarepxanaMx 06 yqeHbtx,

pacuenuBuJl4x gApO nuTug., oKagarrcu e KaaeH.quue. Hagag oxa

BepHynacb e Mae 1935 roAa c rpexMeccqHofi 4Orepuo Axua-

nr.

IenrHrpane rx Bcrperrnr

Kupa n Kyprarosur. OrAoxHye nocne nepee3Aa, OAAu cneuJxr a Xapuroe, rAe nona4aer c Ma-

ruuroi

noA narpoHax Bepu Barurep, yxaKtaBatou4eI sa rpe-

M9 CBOt4Ml4 ManbtujaMh.

npr- B ry nopy r HaM qacro e3x€rnr Kypvaroau, npo4on-

rAe pa3pyujhn nflaHbt yKparH-

croi Ara4euut

HayK

paceop-

MrpoBarb Y@IVI u co3Aarb Ho-

Klaeee.

Ogepxaru ery no6e4y eMy no-

Mor Apyr oHocrt4 Kypraroe, npegoxhBului nocrpours na ruenqeics 6aee eqe r ra6o-

ulei cecrpoi.

Ta uxoroe no4cKa3btBana eil, e .{acrxocrt4 KaK Ha,qo

6urno aecrla ce6s e ro

BpeMe. Kor4a xexulrxur yOTh CTan14 cAaBaTb HOpMbt (BOpOUJI4'|OBCKOTO CTpenKa>, oHa u Bepa Banurep roxe cranx 3HaqKucraMu. B o6luerra, nocreneHHO CTaHOBhnacu Haulei, coBeT-

cxoi, xeHuqrHoi.

TJIIO{EBbIE

noSxqxx IPyxEbl

B 1939 roAy y CuHeauHuroBbrx poAunce cur [larprx. Kr-

eHuItaHue maJvolcevHuKOA

OHA

cnpamarra

nalKy ea3em u xypH(uo6 c onucaHuenr pa6om Kupu no pact4enJteHUn Amotta, ce6 HA Hee. Tarc uedanun

c u^nocmpupo6aHHUtttU

,tamepu(Martu o6 yuenux,

e Kaeenduwe.

otca3altucb

ercg ero yrBepxAeHhg Al4peKro_ por"r

YOTh AH Yrparnu u na6o-

paTopl4l4, a 3aMecTuTeneM _ Baaurepa. Taxan paccraHoBKa Apysei Ha Kno{eBue no3rqru

noMorna rnaBHoMy ypaHulxKy

Ka 9AepHbtx KoHcTaHT BeqecTB,

crap-

no36orruJta

eil omeaeqa

Kypvaroe BlaAen B oroM raHAeMe noA Ne2. OrAaaaR AonxHoe TanaHry Kupunna, oH Ao6[Ba-

Caoi naocroecrri [Hcr]4ryr

oArH,

orHou.reHtas, KaK co

a Anetun.

Eepeueunocma

pact4enuswux tdpo aumua,

cgKoHoMl4rb B pasopeHHoh eoil_

6uru

eody

parophrr Ns1 noA ceepxceKperHyn ypaHoByo npofpaMMy.

xaer Axrnru KuprnaoeHa.

Ecau AcAs hropu xaae.qbtBancq TO Cnan noA ponneu. C Maprei .QurarpraeeHoi y uauur

B 1934

9ddu noexata

HoI crpate roA HayqHoro nohc-

Koropbte npeAnonaraflocb hc_ NONb3OBATb B ATOMHOM KOTIIE.

Orpurexxue xoeoi

ga.qa-

,rei,- nana u pr.AsAxroH 6urcrpo BOCCTaHOBXnn uHcTuryT u no4o6palr Ka,qpbt, cno-

co6Hue co3Aarb reHepaTOp Mot4Hee AOBOeHHO|-O SneKTpocraTnqecKoro Ha

ABa-rpt4 nopeAKa. Ory saAaqy KA peuraer, npeAJloxl4B nocrpol4Tb nnxeh-

Hui ycropnrelu. B rrore Ao6unr sxepruo e 20 MU'|nhoHoB SneKTpOH-

Bonbr, e 1955 roAy ycKoprrenb 4aean 80 MeB, ra

Ee Kupa

yxe

gaaruenrruri

ypoBHe. BeAu,qaxe Aoqb B YH14-

Bepcrrere Ha ero neKquRX BCerAa BlrAena orqa co6PaHHblM, flyqe3apHbtM,

go6Puu

cry-

AeHTaM, nepBbtM coo6tqaeuJlttvl ru aapy6exHbte HoBllHKr. OH, KaK U paHbue, npoBoAxn c MonOAblMl4 YqeHblMl,t exeHeAenbxue roxQePeHqux, Ha Koropblx HenpeMeHHo Bcrynan B Auc(ycc1414,

orblcKl,lB€rn TanaHTbl, AoBe-

pgn hM orBercrBeHHble AonxHOCTI4, Aa)(e ecflu Te eule u He

rMellr

B ca[y AoIrta

Klpvarona

yMeH[e peuarb uacura6xue

no3Bonurr cTpaHe npoHl4KHyrb

HayK, l43yqapulylo Kpxcrannbl'

Mtnnvapqa, Koropble n 6u'nn 3areM sanyu{exu. huexno oxn B

TaiHbr aroMa, co3.qarb HaAex-

xui ngepxui

tqnr. SaAr Yxe He 6una 6esucebtKof x 6YPHo eoccoSAaBana ceMerHoe rHe3AO'

noprper, xanucarxui Anxoi Kanraqei yrneM B tloHAoHe' ll l-ora xpaHll"Kunapucun Bart rvrcb B AoMe cpeAn uxon. 3ro 6urno ace, t{ro yAanocb co6paru nocne BofiHbl. KA xe Mor x,lrb 6ea uysuru, t4 nepBoi Aoporoi Ee

ne noe

xuma

tysurcu, u nepsou

6ea

dopoeoil norcynrcoil cmcu poaltb, npuodpemenxwil ertecmo pae6umoao

Qawucmanu

<Cmeilnaen>. On uzpatr HO Hen't maK xrce eupmyo3Eo, KArc U PAHbWe,

a Addu nocrc eu6etu cwna

IIampurca

e,4nra-Ame ece qaule

omraaduaata c&punKy

u 8cKope nepecmona

npu(acambct rc xefi.

yqeHbtx creneHefi' OH

qeHxn cnoco6xocru MHCnlrTb h

oTeq B3ence co3AaBarb reHeparopbr Ha 300 tilunnroHoB h ABa

norynroi crar Ponnb, nPro6PerexHufi BMecro Paa6uroro Qaull4craMu "GteiHaec". OH nr-

pan Ha HeM raK xe BupryoSHO' KaK n paHbuJe, a oHa nocne rl46enr flarpura s fuiua-Are ece qaqe oTKnaAblBana cKpxnKy 11 BCKOpe nepecr€rna npMKacarbce KHef. K50-nerrPAPY3bc noIFlpu nn l(fl, nPneuHu{eK, tloB}tB -

3aAaHu, cyMen npeBparhrb YcDTt4 e aKaAeMnP Qrsnrecrnx Kp[oreHHyto QrsuxY, sneKrpoMarHurHbte Kone6aHhg. 3Aecu e npeAenbHo

roPorrri

cPoK Pa3-

pa6oranl xaPocroirne noKpblTrc Ha TBenH h KOHCrpyKqxoHHbre

Marepranu 6yayu+ax AOC,

co3,qanh A'|e qAepxoro Apsaua-

ca ycKopuretlb gneKTpoHoB c peKopAHblM14 napaMerpaMu'

B ery noPY KYPvaroa coo63fl,qu, qro oHa Moxer cBo6oAHo noceularb MocraY: Ml-E cHnno c Hee noAo3penuq: "Mne Aanvl npoqhTaTb Konnr Bcex TBOl,lx nl4ceM - OHx AOCrOinu 6uru Hane.{araHHblMl,l e onpaeAeD BMecro nepeAoBl4l-l ll KoMMeHTapxeB, fl PaA, qro Hau Btau-1un

3hT Ha KPacHYo nnorrtanb

oxl'l-

AaF'nn canK)Ta Tbl TOXe BCnoMHUna AOT STl,lMrl CnOAaUh: "HO-

Boccranoauflacb ll nepenucKa c cecrpoi e AHrnnr.

Bocrr Ha QPoxre 6necrcl4ue. KaxAufi AeHb canoru. HaA Mocreol rax 6Y4ro uacca 6YKeroB, 6potuexHux e xe6o..." h oHa eAer B rocrl4 x Kanrqau u

qn HeAyry. h ronrro xeHa Aa Banurep 3Hanr, rarre Quer-

TEPNOTIIPHOX CBE{X flocne roro KaK e 1953 rogY

Tenepb poArrenh no yrpaM ropc-

u:ui nePe4a'{h Eu-6r-cl4. so o6cyxganr

co6urrc

Mlrpe.

KA eqe Bo BPeMe sBaqyaqru e Ksul-OpAY 3a6onen sxqeQarvrroM. OH xax uor nporl4Bocro-

O6penraoeuu a MocreY.

qecKne h AyueBHble 6onu nepe-

CCCP rcnbtran BoAoPoAHYlo

xhBan oH, tlro6bl ocraBarbcg Ha

noxcw

6ou6y, coBercKxe Y'{eHble Pe-

Ifitffi"_

{EroEEr(-rEE|A

uJunx HayHxTbcg ynpaBngTb repMoeAepHoi peaKqt4ei 3acraBxrb 6ou6y nnaBHo croparb, noAo6xo cee.{e. HaAo 6uno nosHarb ceKperbt pa6orbr c reMneparypoi e 100 unnnroHoB rpaAycoB. h c 1956 ro4a KypvaroB noAKnpqaer uHcrxryr KA r rccneAoBaHlteM B o6aacrr Qrsrxn nna3Mbt, {To

unr Bna4rmnp Tonox.

Mbt,

2S-nerxre, K KoHuy gncryccni yxe cuAenr c 3aryMaHeHHbtMX ronoBaM,tr a KA ocraeancn aKTlrBHbrM 14 cBexhM, t{acro o16r-

<IQ nopaxur HAC

ecnoilUHAem arcodenurc

Baadunup Tonorc.

Ha AOCKe CBOU COO6pOKeHng.

- Mu, 25-aemxue,

Ero crpacrb nepeAaBanacb

y6neqev-

HOCmbn,

pafl y AoKnaA{hKa Men, uSnafur

HaM, Mbt ox]4Banh

Bce pas-

ropanocb c xoeoi- crnoi. Mu y{hnhcb cTapaTenbHo, K cBo}tM

KOHt4y

ducxyccuft

npu6nuxano K ocylqecrBneHtato ynpaBngeMoi repMon4epxoi peaKqhx. Pasra,qaa raixy repuon4ep-

AOKnarqaM

roToBrnltcb

KaK K l4C-

c samyila$ew-

noBeAh.

ecxope noApyKoBoA-

HUJVU eOlOeA"U,

HOrO c}|HTe3a, MOXHO Ha BeKa

npocTbtx ycTaHoBKaX Haqanr

cs aKmuoB&tl u ceexuil.

crBoM KA xa orHocl.trenbHo

yxe

cudeau

a KJI ocmaeor

o6ecne,{rru eneprrei HenoBe.{ecTBo npr no6ux TeMnax ero

ru pa6oru c xrasoi naaguoi.

Vacmo om6upa,t

roppqero npaKTrqecKx HeucqepnaeMbt: uu 6y4er cnyxhrb ao4a Mrpoaoro oxeaHa! 3Aecs

Kpyr neyvaer.aux eonpocoe 6un oqeHb uJupor: cnoco6u cogAaHUg nnaSMbt, ee noBeAeHUe npx esanuo4eicrBl4l4 C HanpaBneH-

ilen, ucLazan aa )ocrce ceou coo6pa*enun.

Paara

HbrMu noToKaMr SapgXeHHbtx

nepedaeaaoca H(W,

paSBl4Tvlg, noToMy r{To sanacH

6uno qeu BAoxHoBl,lrbcs!

eroro KA co3A€rn uoulHyo 6asy e flnrrxarrax. B 1960 roay ctoAa npxexan Kypsaroa u no-

craBul gaAa{y paapa6oraru u hcnbrrarb nnagueHxui crennaparop, xoropui He ycrynan 6u axanory, co3AaBaeMoMy B ero hHcruryre arouxoi erep-

rlr

s Mocrse, a raKxe AHr- B Kypnnu u CUJA. B 1956 rogy HaTOB B COCTaBe npaB[Tenb-

creexxoi Aenerawn no6uaan g Axrarr u Bbtcrynhn B aroM-

HoM qeHrpe Xapyenaa c neKqrei o pa6orax CCCP e o6nacrl4 ynpaBneeMbtx repMoeAepHbrx peaKqui. Ox npnsean x MexAyHapoAHoMy CorpyAHxqecTBy, npeAr'toxnB co3AaTb nocrogHHyro KoopAXHaqhoHHyK) KOMI4CCX|o nO TepMogAepHbtM

peaKropaM. B ee pa6ore

oTaoArn xapbKoBqaHaM B€DKHOe Mecro. Be4u x roMy BpeMeHlt

ero Apyr co3Aan raQegpy Qusrru nna3Mbt, y\xncs caM x rhran cryAeHraM cneqKypc no HayKe, xoropoi er.qe He 6uno.

- ([

HOCTb|o,

nopaxaa Hac yBneqeH-

BCnOMTHaeT aKe,4e-

nogB'|gTbog nepBbte pesynbTa-

qacTlq x c

SneKTpoMarHuTHbt-

BorHaMh, egaruoAeicra[e nnasMeHHbtx crycTKoB C MarMl,t

nolgMn pasaurxofi xoxQrrypaqxh, a raKxe B3axHr4THbtM14

MOOTHOUJeHXe CryCTKOB

dorcaaduurca

Eeo cmpacma

)nu oxu6cuu, u ace ponolxancb

c noeoil cuaoil>.

MeXAy Me-

co6oi. Paspa6arueanucb TOAbI AllarHOCTl,lKl,t

naagUU.

1960 roay HaM yAanocb Bbt6parucn ug nnagMeHHoro AercrBa, AorHarb Konrer usl nctuTyra aroMHoil eneprun e MocrBe, a Ta|o|(e aMepuKaHqeB x aHrrr.{aH. K coxanenro, 06 oroM

yxe

He ysxan Kypraroe...

K,( u

9.qnu

fixffi--r

*.,,orr*-nEr'rqA

O4Hu AnuQpeAoBHbt: rotbKo Hbre yqeHuKl4 K,Q, r ronHe ocraBngnu ee. Tax an-

Aocrof

reru

rruqaHKa nonyquna Bo3MoxHOCTb nePeOCMt'lCtll4Tb nOH9-

rre gpyx6u

no-yKParHcKl4. Xors ee He noKt.tAanu 6augrue, oHa yxe H[qeMy He paAoBanacb Ha 3eMne r,r 3 raoac 1967 roAa ruxo yMepna. Ha ee noxopoHax aKaneMrK 6oPuc fla3apeB cKagan: nC 3,qAu YMeP-

B eror aeur !2rut.:r.lluc'rwta Qnsru<ou

olllxEn

Saau BcerAa Meqrana

rMerb AoM BHe 3aKpblroi eoHut' h e 1965 roay VOT]4 nocrpoun axageunry CurenuHrroeY e [1nTUXarKax AByxSTaxHyo Bnnny

no ero npoeKry. Maua rYr xe

3aHfracb qBeTaMu, ycTpo[na anrnuhcxuil cal1, Mt'r c xei xaBopoBanu co creH o6roua napT,il4 qepeHKlt Bbol4erocg AuKoro BuHorpaga. BcroPe nau

oeanuxuti oco6Hnr YKPblncF

na qenae onoxa YOTh,. 3ro 6Hna ,{ucras npaBAa. H4en yeeroBevrrb naMflTb xapbKoBcKhx Qusuroa- nvquKoB, yBH, He BHxl4rla, n flxunnu yAanocb nuub onpeAenhrb nantaH

poelb e uysefi KYPvaroea

Mocxee. Tau cyluenu coxpaxraru Ayx KA. **t

CeroAxc Ha VrParxe Haqno-

narunufi 6or Qnsrru XX aera, MHoro

cAenaeulrl

anc CCCP, Ho JllrKr4 B

He rotlbKo Anf, PecnY6-

Aere QoPuuPoeaHne ee

Hay'{Horo noreHqnara, Qarru -

3eneHof Luy6ofi, h3-noA Bepiut4xu roropoi To nxn[cb 3BYKI,I po9n9, TO CJltltlla'tucb Pa3rOBO-

qecKu npeAaH ga6eexrP. Ero l4Mc He np[cBoeHo BblnecToBaHHoMy 14M HaquoHanbHoMy

pbr yreHbrx, HenpeMeHHo co6npaeMbrx on-loM Ha Ayenr Mblcnn. Ho oHa BnAena, 9To ee ro-

noBeKa, AaBUeMy X143Hb rO-

6ruuI yracaer... h 16 one6Pr 1966 roaa ero He crano. Tor, rouy KA nepeAan uHcrt4ryr, eqe

npl,t

x143H1,1

yMhpapqero

HacraBHuKa cAenarn ace, 9to6ut BbrKopqeBarb uKonY CrxenunnKOBa h ero TBopqecK[e Aygn[. Tax nra4rapyor-qufi Y@Th, nnlrJ14BllJl4Cb MOUIHOTO CrnoBoro nonf, aKaAeMnKa ta ero o6ueAr-

xcnqeI

Bcex spyAl4quu, crpeMxreflbHo repnn 6unYo cnaBy. Paggan no6uuoro Aeruqa Myxa cKaSancg r Ha 3AOpOBbe

HayqHoMy qeHrpy. B flcrrxarKax HeT ynrqbl c vlMeHeM qe-

poAKy, a Aoqb aKaAeMxKa xuaer a y6oxecrae. ,!,a, HHHeUJHgC Bnacrb He xo'{er yBeKoBeqnBaTb naMgTb yqeHoro-uHTepHaquoHa nucT a, oTcTogBuJero caoi taHcrt4ryr e XaPuroee, roropui u ceroAHs Hero6rM Kueeoi, TonbKo noroMy, qTo sTa HayqHag xeMqyxlrHa no-npexHeMy ocraercg B nep-

eoi cronytqe Yrpauxu.

Itrffi--

3Ar A|al qxBt|,|x3

lux EE

DUlbrA flfilltnililI|bl BmasaneQeepann2O(X) ro4a Cax rt- Ilerep6ypr nocerxn Alperrop [errpa no rsyrennn TypuncroI nnaulaHhqbt rocnoArH .E[xor llxexcor. Bucrynre nepeg CnyUraTentMX r,l npenOea-

Barerrmlt Carxr- Ilerep6yprcxoi 4yxoamoi ara,qeMl,l]l, OH BblABXltyI paHee

rnnoTe3H, xacartulxecn earag,xn 6oxecrBeHHoi naar4annqu. Vqenuu y4anocb co6parr ]roBbte .qoKa3arenbcrBa no,qrrxHocrr oroi aceMxpHo ngsecnroi xpxcrxHe1,|3BeCTHHe

arcxol cBerbtHr. SHttr xPltcf[AHcrox upu

l1o Eu6nnu, Vlncyc Xpucroc 6un pacnnr B narHrqy oKono nonyAHn. Cpasy nocne cHerl4e c Kpecra reno 6uno o6epHyro e Canryro l4grrlaxhqy. Bor xar o6 groM roBopl{r eBaH-

renrcr MarQei: "KorAa xe Hacran Be.€p, npuuen 6orarui qeroBeK us ApruoQeu, nMeHeM VocuQ, roropui ratol<e ) {xncfl y l4ucyca. OH, npei4n x flunary, npocyu Tena hucrTcoea. Torga fMnar npu€ilan orgaru Teno. 1,1 asf,e

Teno, l4ocrQ o6ern ero qhcrolo

nonoxu ero B Horpo6e, xoropui sucer

nnau{aHhupto. BoM cBoeM

qcue...D (MQ.27,57- 60). Flo npe4anuo, nnaulaHuqa

Orono 955 roaa nrarlaHrua 6una nepeae3eHa B KoncraxrrHononb. OHa xaxo.qranacu a Oa-

poccKoi qacoBHe, npuMbtKaBurei x uuneparopcKoMy ABopqy. flocne gaBoeBaHue KoncraxThHOnO,rn KpecToHocqaMu

nna-

ulaHuqa ucqe3tla, OKaS€IBtutiCb

Cesroi,r OpAexe raMnnrepoB. Tau era pennKlus H€xoA[nacb oKono cTa neT.

3areu cnycre HecKonbKo Aecgtunetuit nocne na6enu rnaBbl opAeHa oHa oKa3anacb B ropoAxe flupe, a nocne e Xeneae,

rAe 6ura npoAaHa-repqory Ca-

eolcrouy.

oH B

xpaHrnacb B rnaBHoM co6ope VpQu, npx oroM oxa 6uaa cnoxeHa raKytM o6pasou, rro 6un BxAeH TonbKo

nnr Xpncra.

B O]HI HE

lOPlII

B ropo4e llJau6epr,r nonorHo nepexrno ceoi nepeui noxap. Kannn pacnnaaneHnoro cepe6pa, ue

Aera6pe 1 532 roaa

*rnp,

fiTffi".I

qxB'r,rx3aqlrx

Qyrnsp. B ac6ecrosou Qyrnn-

- xenegHui. B xenegxou sqr,{ex, o6noxeHnui cepe6pou u o6urui pe

AepeBnHHbri

KpacHbrM uJenKoM. uJenKa

Btyrpr

BerbBer.

kl na nogyLuKe lr3 BenbBera

nexhr nnau{aHuqa

ToHKOe

nbHcHoe nonoTHo AnrHolo

4 uerpa 36 caxrnuerpoB urxpl4Horr e 1 uerp 10 caxru-

MerpoB. Ha ee noBePxHocrl4 llMeoTcfl Kopl4qHeBble Kpac'1 KoHoBaro-6arpoBbte nnTHa,

TOpbre cBo14M pacnonoxeHu-

eM noBropsnr QoPUY venoBeqecKoro rena. B Xvlll BeKe ucropl4rr 6oae r Onepu BnepBbte ycoMHunhcb B noAnllHHocrn nnaulaHuqbl. OAraxo B KoHqe XIX eera no9Bt,|rl,tcb HoBble AoKa3aTenbcrBa ee noAnxHHocrx. B lS9SroAyoHa6uracQo-

rorpaQr,rpoeaxa xex$u CeKoHAoM flraa. Ox npoBen B Ka-

nenny gneKTpl4qecTBo

1.1

TKaHb B ABe oKcno3huuu

n 20 unHyr. Cpasy nocJle cHgmun c Kpecma

meno llucyca Xpucma 6wto o6epnymo

6 cstmyn nJtaqaHu4y

Koroporo 6un cAenax ee nepBoHaqaflbHbri caproQar, npoBHyrpb, B HecKotlbKl4x Mecr€x npoxrnll nonorxo. KpoMe gToro, Ha nnaqaHuqe ocrannCb CneAbl BOAt'l' rCnOnb3OHr4KHyB

BaBueicc Anc ryuJeHug orHg.

Bropoi noxap npor3oulen

B Hoqb

c 11

Ha 12

anpern 1997

roAa.

B 1578 roAy nnaqaHrqy nepeHecnu e Typrn. Cefiqac oHa noKot4rcc a Ko-

poneacroi Kanenre

qePKBrl

hoarxa flpeArequ, qen}tKoM

Bbt-

noxeHHof qepHbtM MPaMoPoM. B qexrpe Kanennbt - anrapb,

no KpaeM Koroporo pacnono-

xeHbr 3onorue Qnryprr xepyBl4MoB. Ha

neu HaxoAt4Tcg BTo-

pof anrapb e duAe xenegnoi

KnerKr, a B Hef - AepeasxHui napeq. B napqe - ac6ecroBblf

cHftl

OororpaQun BnepBbte o6Ha-

pyxuna yArBxrenbHbte cBof craa norpe6anbHoro nonorHa. TeuHue ncrHa Ha nnauaHrqe oKaganxcb cBernbtMt,t na QoronnacrhHKe. Apyrnuu cnoBaMr, nnaqaHrqa eeunacu rax 6u xe-

rarhBoM, a Qoronnacr[HKa

oKaganacb uso6paxenneM qenoBeqecKoro nuqa r rena. Tyr xe Bcran Bonpoc o roM,

qro oHo Morno 6uru reu-ro HapxcoBaHo. B xa,{ecree reHUanbHoro xyAoxHuKa Ha3blaancc Aaxe fleoxapAo Aa Brx-

.{n. Ho pa6ora era 6una 6u HacronbKo roHroi, qro eMY npuunocb 6u nonugogarucR Kr4croqKoi ronuluHoi Bcero B o4un 6enuv[i eonoc. K rouy xe lr reoMerpbt BbtcKa3an[cb o ToM, qTo npx phcoBaHrr unn o6epruear'nn

tffiffi-_

ilr Apr,u*nrs.rlr,r ED

rera TKaHbp HeltS6exHo

Bo3-

HXK,|U 6br ylcKaxeHug, KoTopbtx

HeT Ha nonoTHe.

Suno ycraxoBneHo, qro

Mr4-

KaKUM 6u reHuaIbHHM OX Ht,t 6Utn, He MOr Ha-

cruQurarop,

pucoBaTb reno xnx ornei{ararb ero c MoAenn unw c pl4cyHKa.

nollurv crElytr lcuto{xtb

B caoei pevr 15 non6pn 901 roaa npesu4exr QpaHqy3cxoi AraAeMlrx HayK Ha3Ban nn2r r FHxq! noA'l4HHbtM nonoTHOM, B KOTOpOe 6unO O6epxyrO 1

Bce nponopqn$nqyr Bpaspe3 c

o6qenpxHerbrMr

npaByrnaMta

cpeAHeBeKoBoro ucKyccrBa. Kpoue ororo, nnau4aHxq,a, KaK Mbt )DKe

roBopl,tfllt, 9BngeT-

cn HerarlBou. Hapncoearb HeraTlB 3a HecKonbKo coT neT Ao

reno hncyca Xpucra. B 1937 roAy nonorHo AeTarbHo l4ccneAoBanocb Ha

Toro MoMexra, rorga 6una

npeAMeT Hannqua Ha ero no-

pa3yMeercg, 6uno xenugs,

rarrx-nr6o rpacoK. 14 rorAa xe 6btno AoKaBepxHocrl4

3aHO XX OTCyTCTBUe. caUO Xe

uao6paxexxe rera

6uno

n nut1'a

aanporoKonlrpoBaHo cfleAytorqxM o6pasou: "Bonocu e 6ecnopngre, xe6onuuas 6opo4a u ycu. flpa-

eui rnag 3aKpbtr, aeaui

eAsa

npgrorKpbtr. Ha4 neaoi 6poauo

Kantr KpoBx. Hoc socro,{xoi pacu. fnasa 6nrsxo croerApyr K

Apyry. Hocoaac Kocrb nepe-

6ura or yAapa c neeoi cropoHu. fleean uleKa curbHo onyxfla - oHa Kacanacb nnaqaHx4bt, lr ee oTneqaToK oKa3ancfl ropagAo orvernneel, HeM npaeui. OvepraHyte pra rcKroqx-

renbHo KpacrBo u 6naropogxo. Por npn4aer BceMynxqy BbtpaxeHxe rny6oroi rpycrr4, Ho oTa rpycrb 6ee rHeea. Ilo46opogor cpKo oqepqex. Cnpaaa Ha HeM nf,rHo or rny6oxofi panu. heo-

6paxexue nltqa acltMMerprqHo, Oror qenoBeK oqeHb MHoro crpaAan, u qepTbt ero nuqa nocne cMepTlr He oAuHaKoBo coKparxnxcu. Mxoro cneAoB or yAApoB r yaesr[r.

Ho rnaaHuM npoAolxan

ocTaBaTbcn Bonpoc: cBnqeTcg fl

u nnaulaH14q,a ecTecTBeHHbtM

oTneqaTKoM Tena, unu

oHa

TBopeHre reHnarbHoro Qanu-

crQrxaropa?

rao6perexa caya QororpaQrr, Ocraeanacu eqe oAHa Bepcue: reHhanbnui @lucnQuraTOp OrneqaTan uso6paxexue

Ha nnal4aHltqe c npeAMera. flocne4nru Morfla crarb MoAenb unu Teno '{eIoBeKa. Snau eonpocoM 3aHencrn AoK-

(Dpazxexm

qrcna onHToe 6uLn, Haxoxeq, no-

nJrat4aHu4u

rop Prurap. flocne orpoMHoro

caxmoil

*rnp,

fifffi--l

qxBxrrsAqrx

x]tt]il lux tHlPIff?

Mxorre yvenbre cqurapr, qro reo6paxeHne Ha nonorHe ecrb He qro nHoe, KaK peSynbrar xhMH'{ecKrx pearqrfi or ucnapeHUg Tena U apoMaroB, KoTopbrMlr nponnTaHa nnaulaHrqa. 3nauexurui Queur Konbcor, npoae4u.l,ri pspl r4ccneAoaaxnh, cyMen y6egurenuxo AoKa3arb, qro vrcnapeH]4fl, AercTByc Ha xuMltqecKl4r cocTaB anog, oKcl4Ar,rpoBanr nonorHo, no4o6Ho xrurqecKoMy HeraTrBy. Ho gnperrop l-lenrpa no hsyqeHrlo Typrxcrofi nnar4aHxqbl B aMepuKaHcKoM ropoAe Konopago-Cnpnnrc rocnoAuH AXoH Axercox AyMaer nHaqe. flo ero MHeHl4rO, pl4CyHOK Ha nonoTHe nnau.laHl4llbr 6Hn creAcrereM

orpoMHoI ?Heprun, rcxoAl,!Burei or rena Cnacnrent. Heqro noAo6Hoe, no MHeH]4lo rocnoCeroxA ITua

gnxa .Q,xexcoHa, MoxHo Ha6no-

6oneeunh MeHeecHocHtilfi orrhcK. Ho Aprero He raKor coeH

BepueHHbri, KaK Ha nnaulaHuqe. BHeoA aBTopurerHoi KoM r4cct414

Yqenue Ao cux nop He cyilenu paseadamo uu odny

r nacvn:- ncDanucrQn-

Karop ApeBHrx

uru cpeAxux

BeKOB He MOr CAenaTb OTneqa-

AaTb Ha o6brKHoBeHHor cKaTepTU, eCrU nOCTaBUTb Ha Hee pacK€rneHHbri yrpr.

Pegoxxocru raKoro yrBepxAeH[c BnoJrHe noATBepxAaercg roi orpouxoi eHeprnei, KOTOpas nOCTO9HHO

14CXOAI,|T

or uoulei MHorlx cgcrux. h

uz mailn cesmoil

roK nyque, seM yqeHble cop6oxxu e XIX eere c ux xoeei]U Mr,r n pxcnoco6neHu g Mt4 l,'l

BCe Xe Hannque Me'|bqarulrx AeTaflei roBopl4r B nonb3y re-

nnat4aHuqu

HayHHblM14 BOSMOXHOGT9MI,I)'

opl414

1,r

ucnapeHhr.

Hanpuuep, Ha BucKax ta Ha n6y uso6paxenun Xpucra nueloTOq Kopl,lqHeBble nfTHa OTTePHOBOTO BeHqa. Kanac HaA ne-

eoi 6poeuo HecKorbKo npo,qorroBarac. 9aHo, ,{ro KpoBb, TeKUJafl n3 paHbr, BnocneAcrBxx 3aneKnacb Ha Koxe. Tarac ranns BcerAa npuHl4raaer Qopuy MvrcKvr: KpacHbte

Tenbqa 3aKpenrgorca c 6oKoB,

a BHyTpr4 Kannx ocTaeTcg TaK xagueaeuufi (cepyM, - xuAKocrb, Koropaq cuuxei ucnapgerce, x no Mepe Sroro npouecca Kannc srr6aetcc.

Cnegyer gaMerrrb, qro

Hr4

Ha oAHOM 143 COTeH Tbtcgq nO-

noreH, reo6paxaoqnx Kpec-

Xpucta, Hx oAl4H xyAoxHxK He cMor TaK ecrecrBeHHo neo6pasuru KannK) ganexuleXcs KpoBlr. THbte MyKlr

IOSPACT CBITUHX

B 1988 rogy, ga6u ycraHoerru tolxul Bo3pacr norpe6anuxoro noaorHa, u3 nnauJaHxr.lbr BrilpeSanr Tpx ,tocKyra, KoropHe u 6rlnn pagocnaHbt B Tpl,t He3aBrcrMbre na6oparopnr.

Tpy4xo npeAcraBlrrb rope Bepyou$,rx, KorAa Bce Tpn na-

6oparopnu oQuquanuxo yae-

AoMunt,t Typnxcxrai qeHrp o TOM, qTO CB9Ta9 nnat4aHxqa (poAhnacbD e 1325 rogy. 14xuMl,l CrlOBaMll, Ha qenblx Tpl,tHaAqarb BeKoB nosxe rofi n9THr4qbt, B Koropyp 6un pacnnr

naur Cnacurenu. He xenac Mhplitrbcg c noAo6H brM14 Bbt BoAaMr, ta

Axercox ero Konlerr a na6oparop-

Hbrx ycnoBngx cMoAenrpoBa143 TeX CTpaUHbrx no-

nA oAuH

xapoB,

B KoTopbtx

nnar4aHrqe

AoBerocb no6usaru. Iocxyr nonoTHa noMecT,tll4 B enuqeHTp orxs. flocne raKot or-

xeeoi o6pa6orru nnaqaHuqa

(noMonoAelaD Ha

CTO

reT.

Bcrope aMepxKaHcKxe yqexue o6parurrcb K cBoytM poc-

cnicrru

KonneraM Kysxeqoay

u heanoey

KaK K He3aBltcxMuM

sKcnepraM c npocu6oi noBropl4Tb l4x onHT

c lngrrlanrUei

Mocree. Bene o6paseq nonorHa, Ha-

yqeHbte noMecTunu ero B o6urxyto na6oparopxyo eneK-

AaT14poBaHr9 Ha3Banr roA 1500 or Poxgecraa Xpucroea. Orqeru o6 erou Heo6blqHoM sKCnephMeHTe

KyCOqKOM nO-

noTHa nnaqaHullbt, co cnoB rocnogxHa AxercoHa, uMeorc9 BO MHOTTX HayqHbtx xypHanax. B Hrx roBoptlrcg 14 o roM, 9TO npexHxe BHBoAbt HeSaBhcl4Mbrx yqeHbtx 06 ncropt4.{ecKoM BOSpaCTe nnat4aHrqbl BnorHe MoxHo cr{rrarb Ao6pocoBecrHbtM14 3a6nyXAeHuqM14.

h ace xe

Tponeqb h Harpenh Ao TeMneparypbr, 6nugxoi K BocnnaMe-

oHHbrM

HeHuo. flocne Hero, ocrygxB o6paseq, BHoBb noABeprnn ero paAxoyrnepoAHoMy aHan r3y.

pHM OH nOSHaKOMl4Jl nrTepcrnx 6orocaoBoB, qBt4racb ero

pu6opu paAuoyrrepoAHoro

caMbtM ceHcaq[-

npeAnonoxeHl.|eM rOC-

noAuHa .Q,xercoxa,

c Koro-

rxnoTeSa o TOM, qTO nnaula-

(DomoepaQut

o6xopytcuaa yduoumentnwe ceoilcmea: nnat4aHuqa S6UJrACb

He?Amueort,

o QomowtacmuHKa

nptilurl

usodpaxenuex

fifffi--r

EE *rnrct qxBxrrs rux Hl4Ua 9BI9eTC9 He TOnbKO CBl4-

AerenbHtaqefi Crpacrnoi nerHl4uH, Ho raKxe n Crpacrxo-

ro .{erBepra. B nonusy eroro roBopl4r ror Qaxr, qro, 6yAy-

noA cnoBoM o.{rctoto, MatQei noxruar ronbKo ro, qro nraulaHuqa B nonHoM coorBeTCTBt4l,l C HOBt'lM

ryAeiCxnu

3aKOHOM, KaCaBlUUMCg npa-

vu e Typrne, aBTop runore3u

era norpe6eHuq ren yMep-

urrx, 6una rgroroBneHa He ta3 uepcrr4 u xnonKa (ularxec), a

cro6u cuor o6rapyxr4rb

nonoTHe nnaqaHuLtbl He MeHee n9Tlt cneAoB oT pa3nhqHbrx BxAoB eAH.

MoxHo npeAnonoxrrb, qro noroTHo nnaulaHhqbl HaKaHy-

He rparuqecKoro co6btruq Morno cnyxxTb anocronaM r

Xpracry o6urrHoaeHxoI... crarepTbro.

FAuHcrBeHHuX apryuexr, He

.qonycKaoqri eogMoxrocrYl etofi runore3bt, coAepxrrcq B

Hoeou 3aeere. Tar, y eBaHrenrcra MarQeg Mbl ,{rraei,r: ul4 egRe Teao, l,locraQ

o6era ero

qtlCTOlO nfl aulaH14qePD.

Ho, npaega,

ta Ha

gTor cqer

y rocnoAxHa Axexcona roxe roroB orBer. Ox c,{uraer,

HTo

l4CKfl toql4TerbHO 143 gl4CTOrO ,lbHa. **i

Typnxcxan nnaqaHuqa Ao clrx nop ocraercs oAHoi ue earaAoK t{eroBeqecrBa. Bxe gaercl4Mocrn or caoei eepu 6onu-

llt4HcrBo aoAei orHoc,trcq K eroi cesroi pelt'nKBttt c He[3MeHHbrM noqreHtaeM. BoguoxHo, KorAa-Hn6yAu nonecrce HoBbre rl4noTe3br, Bepcxt4 14 AoKa-

3arerbcTBa, Koropble nponbpr cBer Ha raiHy eroro yHrKanbHOrO nOnOTHa.

OennxcXOfOr|b

Ififffi**--

s^rAAffi qxBxnmAqxx

camape ylr<e 6onee qerBeprr,r aexageicrByer HenpaB]rrenbcrBeHHat rpynna no x3yqeHr|o aHoMarbHHX tBneHnfi no.q masBaH]reM cAAeCTarr r I KoropyD BxoAtr lF{eHble pnAa SlleutHr,tx By3oB || iluDyrxx nccneAoBarerbcrxx n ynre6xux ynrpexgetr,ri. Aeropy orrx crpox cAaecrar np6egro npeAocraBunarpn HeBuAyMaH]lble xcropl'l]l' Koropble MoxHo rpaKToBarb Hl| MHoro Hr Mano KaK npnMbte cBltgerenbcrBa peanbHocrr. . . lrHbtx Mnpoa! oxasueaerct, orn Ml,rpbr ctiulecrBt/ror He rAe-To B rny6nxax raflarTrxn, a 6yraanbHo pgAOM G HaMr, Ho ronbKo B napannenbHbrx BpeMeHax x npocrpa]tcrgax. YqexbE c{l,traKtr, qro orAerbHbte roqKr coce,qxrx BcereHHbrxAoBoIbHo qacro nepeceKatorcc - r,t rorAa npoxcxoAgT BnOnHe 3prMue xoHTaxTbt napannenbHbtx MnpoB.. . B

fiI[ffiffi-*r

EErrar.,qxBrnrcAqrx

B1r31rT 0rHEHH010

rocrr

Bor .rro paccKa3an corpyA-

nuqy nAaectut" Huronai Kocrux,

uHXeHep caMapcKoro SaBoAa

"nporpecc".

Mon,qa.{a HaxoAtrrcg Ha ceeepnoi oKpauHe cauapu, B MaccuBe Eepe3oBag rplBa, HenoAa-

acmpemwtcx

eJra3ailu c o?HeHilurt eocmeril.

ne(y or xene3HoAopoxHor craHqrara Kypyvtov. Kaq4oeneron nPoBO)ry 3AeCb BCe CBO6OAHOe Bpe-

un. A cnyval, o KoroPoM q xo'{Y

Hecrcoaoxo

uenoeenuil uw pasz.nndwea-

dpyz dpyza, u une 6wrc

omqemnu60 3AljtemHO, KAK "eHtlrocb aupactceHue

0u4a npuwerrb4a om cmpaxo ' do yduetenua u no6onumcm8a.

paccKa3aTb, npor3ouJen B Haqane 90-x roAoB npounoro BeKa.

Becu genu e npopa6ora, Ha yqacrKe r BeqepoM, rax o6ut'{Ho, peur[n no)DKuHarb. Cen sa cTor, ycraHoBtleHHbli Ha ynxqe

qepe3 ABe-rpu ce(yHAbl Bo3H14K-

na BepxHRg qacrb r{enoBeqecKor Qrarypur,

cnrHoi

Ko MHe.

Orry-

pa Ka3anacb cflerKa npo3paq-

Hoi, Ho BMecre c reM AocraroqHO peanbHoil, n npt STOM OHa TOXe OcnenrTenbHo cBer[racb, HO KaKOTO-I146O

rCXOAtqero or

Hee xapa e He oqyulan.

f'lora c ouJenoMtteHHo PaccMarprBan eosHrruui Hag Mol,rM cronou QaHrou, QuryPa HaA nnou.taAroi Havana uegreHHo Bpaqarbce BoKpyr cBoei BeprrKanbHoil ocu, noKa HaKoHeq He noBepHynacb n[qoM B Molo cropoHy. Xorn c MoMeHTa nogBneH14c

nphlrenbqa npouno

Harrn

Bcero 10-15 ceKYHA, tl YXe

ce6e a rppxtcy qao ta3 repMoca... h eapyr nepeAo MHoi Bo3Hl4Krlo crpaHHoe 3pen[ue. flpnuo HaA croroM B BO3A)D(e nOBrCna orHeHHaq nnoulaAKa roluluuoi

ycnen pa3rneAerb ero oAexAy 14 roroeHoi y6op. OHn 6utnn qsHo

nepeA AaqHbtM AoMl4KoM.

nprMepHo 20-25 caHruMerpoe. A Hag eroil nnoua.qroi eqe

cTaphHHble,

noxoxre

re,

Ko-

Topble e Pocchil Hoct nu B nyt.t.tKI4HCKUe BpeMeHa: KocTloM, Ha-

noMnHaou44i Qpax, a Ha ronoBe

reMHbril qrarHgP.

Iif$"EFTIifi-*

il'

Tyr n ecrperrrcq ma3aMta c oTHeHHHM rOCTeM, np[qeM

6uro xopou.to 3aMerHo,

9To oro He SacTbtBulag KapTuHKa, a xueoi .{enoeex, u oH MeHg roxe

BnAur. Hecroauro MrHoeexni

uu a noaHoi TnluxHe pa3rnsAHBanh Apyr Apyra, u uHe 6uao OTqETITAO 3AMETHO, KAK MEH9-

nocb BHpaxeH[e nhLla npuuJenbqa or crpaxa Ao yAlrBreHhs r -np6onbtrcrea. 3areia ng orHeHsoi naarQopuu e4pyr

nonBr4racb ero pyKa, xoropoi Aorofi nopu re 6uuro euAxo. Or-

ueHxui rocrb nporqHyn ee c qBHbrM HaMepeHreM MeHfl nOTpO-

raru. fl rHcrl4HKTl4 BHo BbtcraBlrrl HaBcrpeqy npiluJenbqy cBoro pyKy, To n14 3at4huagcb oT ero

ABhXeHl49, TO nI npo9B'|99 OTBerHoe no60nurcrgo. Ho e ror MOMeHT, KOrAa HaUJX pyKr4 BOT-

Bor AonxHbt 6ann conpuKocHyrbcg, B[AeHhe BApyr ucqeS-

h3 none Moero 3peHug TaKXe

Ho orHeHHui

A[,, tlxBr'rcAqrx

rocru HaA HltM

6onuure He nosBrqncn. 06 erOr.,r cfl) {ae I He paccKaSbtBar Hh poAcTBeHHUKaM, H14 3HaKoMbtM

cree.

1.1 auuiu cei,{ac, qepe3 MHororer, I peulxn noBelarb06 yBxAeHHOM Cneq]4anhcry no

aHoManbHbtM 9BneHncM.

CIPAHHAT NACCAXXPIA eor paccras IlngnuMuxail-

noaoi, KoHrponepa Cauapcroro naccaxltpcKoro aBToTpaHCnoprHoro rou6nxara Ns1. xar ceI,{ac: grot - f]ouHp cnyvai npon3ouJen 30 nxeapn 1995 roAa, AHeM, oKono nonorperbero. Mu npoBepgnll

Br,rHH

6ureru y naccaxhpos aaro6ycoB, npuxoAl.tBl|l14X Ha KOHeqHyO

ocTaHoBKy (XenegHo.qopoxHui eorsar" e Cauape. A e yra3aHHoe BpeMe xa

roxrpoluHuri

A€t)|(e nouJeBennTbcg.

ryr e- BApyr oqyrrn crpaulrui roao4, rar 6y4ro Huqero He en HecKoauro Axei. B oAuH nphcecT I yHl4qToxl4fl BeCb

yxr4H, Ho ronoA He npoxoAIn.

flpruaocu cHoBa KnngTnta tah h AocTaBaTb oTnoxeHHbte Ha

3aBTpa 3anacbt. STOrO

flrulu nocae

HaKOHeq-TO nOqyBcTBo-

Bar, qTo HacbtThncg.

flocne eAu MeHq HeyAepxuMo norsHyno Ko cHy.

I orrlp-

I{]4ICC, KaK TOtbKO rOflOBa KOC-

Hynacb noAyulKx. O4Haro cpeAl4 Hoeh e Bgpyr npocHyncq 6eso eccroi npu{xHu n Haqan BcnoMuHarb yBuAeHHoe. ll Aaxe no-

urer Ha ynrqy u nSp|anu nocMorpen Ha gaopoeui cron[K,

6UCOKUe

uodnwe canoeu c 6aecmet4uuu yKpauevuailu.

Ilpodotxox

pumbcn CyJuO.ICe,

deaywrca npodopuomana: <fl nencuoneprca, 1920 eoda

poxdenun. Bom mototco HUKATC

neHcuovHoe ydocmoeepenue ne naildy...> Bce 6ytceaawo

o6onaetu. 6w damo amouy

illeAKe cTol,tT MonoAag AeByUJKa,

c KannwoHort,

Brxy, vro Ha sa4Hei nao-

HOCTb CTOra C pa3noxeHHbtMl4

BCTaTb

SOJtOCU,

mpey?onbHoe nu4o, tcypmKa

Be1o nurcmo

Mapupyra.

6u.rus I He cMer He ro qro

neneJrbHue

nyxrr npu6un aero6yc 14-ro

Heoxx4aHHo, KaK h norBltnocb. BHoeu crana BhAHa noBepxna Hei npo4yKraMn. Munyr ngrb nocne ororo co-

Bpode 6w o6wqnaa deaywrca: 6onawue etaea,

6ogncq, qro MeHq

3anoEo3pgT B ytvtonoMeuJaTenb-

Koropaq cyAopoxHo poerce

o6br.{Hae AeByuKa 6oauune rfla3a, nenenbHbte Bonocbt, TpeyrorbHoe nxqo, KyprKa c Kano-

uJoHoM, BblcoKre MoAHbte canorlr c 6necrsull4M14 yKpauJeHusM14. Ho grrlecre c teM e Hei 6uno .{ro-

r HeO6ugcHuMOe

cfloBHO He OT Mhpa cero.

cauoe crpaHHoe Mbl ycnbf uanx, KorEA norpe 6oeann or Hee aaro6ycnui 6uner. flpoAonxag pbtrbce B cyMoqKe, AeByuJKa npo6opuoraaa:

I nexcronepra,

1920

roAA poxAeHuq. Bor roauro HrKaK neHcroHHoe yAocroBepe-

Hue He aailgy...

Bce roHrponepu 6yrearuHo

o6ounenu. Be4u xrxro

,oHotuy

cosdanun

cyMoqKe B nolcKax ro ar 6rnera, ro nx ce3oHKt4. Bpo4e 6ur

TO CTpaHHOe

He omaaxuJrct

He orB€D(hncs 6u 4aru oroMy oHoMy

75 nem. deaywrca,

ycJruuaa ydueaennwe 803?JrOCU,

cm(ua onpaedwaamacn:

<fl moaarco qmo u3 Koerremu4ecrcoeo

ctuoHa...>

*^n,n

ffiffi*r

qxBxnmAqnx

xeHHOrO 3AeCb Xe, Ha BoK3ane, a eule qepe3 HecKotlbKo ceKyHA ryAa Xe Brerena ra c. oAHaKO CTpaHHOi 6ernsnrr nur-

Ae He 6brno BxAHo. [lPu erou croReurui y BxoEa B POBA cePxaHT C aBTOMaTOM nphHflncc yBepgTb,

ero nepe4o uHoI

3,qaHxe HUKTO He BXOAlln.

Bor rar 6yreanuxo Ha Mollx rnaSax MonoAag (neHcroHep-

KaD hci{egra caMblM TaUHcrBeHHbrM o6pagou. KoHe'{Ho xe, 06 9TOM Ctlygae I Ao cl4x nop Hr.rKoMy He paccKaSblBafla. A ApyrxM KoHTponePaM ll3 Haurei rpynnu B orBeT Ha ux Bonpocbr e coo6uluna, qro crpaH-

Hy]o nacca(upKy npocro He cy-

Mena AorHarb...

NX-llllTHxr

B apxree uAgecru, Taxxe ecrb HeMano coo6tqeHui o cny'{agx raK Ha3blBaeMoro nonrep-

rercra. Bor .rro, HanprMep,

co3AaHu|o 75 ner. A AeeyuJxa' ycnbruJaB yAUBneHHHe Bo3rfl a-

cbr, cTana onpaBAblBaTbcg: t{To 143 KocMerYt- fl ronuxo qecKoro canoHa... <fl o6owa ecn Kaapmupy u oceEuJta

xaxtyn

ileepa

Kpecmilutr 3HAileHUeJil.

,[yx

ucves,

cJto6Ho

ezo nurcozda u xe 6uo! C mex nop ytce HCCKOJIbKO

nem nodpnd, KAK

mOJtbrcO

y ileva e Ksqpmupe HAqUHAemct qepmo6t4uHA,

Tyr BApyr Bce KoxrPonepbl noHeMy-To paccrynrnvlcu. crpanHac nacca(rpKa, KoTopag TaK x He HauJna B cyMoqKe HvlKaKoro

onpaBAare[bHoro AoKyMeHra' 6ecnpennrcrBeHHo nPoulna pacnaxHyBuJercg ABepu aBTo6yca, a 3areM 6blcrpo 3auarana qepe3 npxBoK3anbHyo nnorrtanb. TYr n cnoeMr4MO Hl.tx K

xo 6u oqHynacb

no6exana

cneAoM. [lpr erou xopouo nourn reo6ugcH14MOe rpeBoxHOe qyBcTBO, OXBaTHBUee MeHe

B MOMeHT 3TOil noroHu,

c6exaaulei naccarcrpKx

cropoHy r.uen uneiQ KaKoro-ro

n c neil 6opnco

xyrKoro xonoAa.

xpucmuailcKurr KpecmHuir

BOUna B ABepb sAaHug

3HOJUeHuerl>,

B MoK)

Ha uonx rna3ax AeBYUKa Xenes-

HoAopoxHoro POBA, Pacnoao-

paccKaSana crTpyAHl,lKaM opraHugaup A Banennaxa Huronaee-

6u6nuorexaPu ogHoro us yrpexAexrafi CauaPu.

Ha HlrKoHoBa,

qro

Haq€rnocb 3To - flouxo, BCKOpe nocne HacrynneHrc Hoeoro, 1998-ro, roAa. I cYernnaOb Ha KYxHe' rOTOBuna )D(l'tH'

B4pyr euanrpoBaHHan Kacrpnn9, Ao roro cnoxofixo crosBulaq Ha

crone, noAcKoquna

B BOSAyx

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A creuu raM crapHe, noKqbtTHE 3ENEHOBATHM MXOM,..

Bor r noayvaercq, qro ttyrb nu He Kax,qHi crapnr c xyroPa Sy6HoecruI, a oro coBceM He ManeHbKaR AepeBHe,

6ua nu6o

B noA3eMenue, nu6o pqAoM c BXOAOM B Hero...

A eor y HayKx Ane nnaHo-

MepHbf x r4ccJle4oBaH He AOXOAgT.

nh PYrn

cBrqEHHbr]r,

HI r0 3Arltrbtlt... Kax u rAe npoBoAvrrb co6pacnpocr-

creeHHui ornycK

- ronoBHof paHeHHar nprquHa 6oau. BcerAa xoqercc nyreuecteufA u npxKntoqeHui. Ho ueqacTo yAaeTc9 cTaTb aBaHTppl4croM xorg 6ur Ha ABe-Tpt4 ornycKHble HeAenh: xeHbl, AeT[, Aaqu 3aqacryro cBnfllorcg BaxHeiurnuu Qaxropaur B onpeAeneHuh ornycrHofi cygu6u. OAHaxo hHorAa Bce-raKH yAaer-

cg noiuaru B napyca Berep crpaHcreui r poMaHTrKta. Tar nonyrnaocb 14 y Hac

uaneHuroi rpynnbr [ccneAoBarenei. Co6panucu 6ucrpo, sa ABa-rpx AHfl . HaAyeHac AecaHrHaq noAKa, naraTKa, gneKTpl4-

qecKre 6araper, nunoprHui

npr6op Ann u3MepeHue Mar-

HurHoro nong, eAa... SrcneAn-

quei sro HagBarb rpyAHo, Ho Bce xe... Mu eAeu Ha Xonep,

.{ro6u cnraBurbcq Ha corHlo KhnoMerpoB no nperpacHoi pere. Hau Mapurpyr npeAenbHO npocr: Ha noesAe Ao ro-

pogra HoaoxonepcKa, 3areM Ha noAKe no Xonpy Ao rnaBHOrO nyHKra Ha3HaqeHre - xyropa 5y6noecroro... V eot n cxxy 3a ,{auroi '{ac B ManeHbKoM AOMUKe B cTaH[-

qe Muxainoecroi, sro B HecKonbKhx KhnoMeTpax oT xyropa, Ha oKpanHe Koroporo Mbl nocraB[nr cBoo nanarKy. Xosc-

ux Eopuc CrenaHoehq IaulunhH sBnqercq [AeIHu[, eAoxHOB[TeneM HaUJero nyreuecrBr4q: 3HaroK t cropnu XonePcKoro Kpae. OH cQopuynupoaan u o6napoAoBan xAeo o cyulecrBoBaHu n gar nKt Ey6noa^

cKoro noA3eMenbc.

Pcgorvr c renepeuHhM xyroB crapoAaBHlae BpeMeHa, ner 300 ToMy Ha-

pou Sy6noecKrM 3aA, Ha BbrcoKoM

KpyroM npa-

1ffi,_

Err

BoM 6epery Xonpa cylqecrBoaan ragaqrhi ropoAoK Eencee-

cr[i.

Celqac Bce aro Mecro

3apocno rycTbrM recoM, Ho eqe ner 100 Hasan HagbrBanocu l-eHep€rnbcKl4M caAoM.

Ceoe rpouxoe Ha3BaHle ca4 nony{xn no 3BaHnto PoryoHoea

gor,ur-rr*rr,,

cHoBa. TpyAxo cTano Abrularb.

KraAoncxarenb, TaK u He AoiKoHqa npoxoAa, 6un HID(AeH BepHyrbcg Ha3aA.

At Ao

su-

paccxasoa Ilau+anurn crano x3BecrHo, qro noA,geMHbtf KophAop Becb o6nhqoBaH KaMHeM. l,1a

- B 1930-x roAax Ha Xonpe

AeBUero 3Aecb noMecrueu, B

padorana oKcneAuuue Caparoacxoil reonoru.tecxofi pae-

cBoro o{epeAu, rexepan 6un no-

BeAKU,

Bacrnuc Hrxoraealr.{a, BflaTOMKOM TO nt4 Crapujl4Hbt, To ,ll,l

ecayna PoghoHoea, BoeBaBUero nporxB 6ynaaunqea - npnBepxeHqeB Kox4parnn SynaarHa, BOXaK€I KpeCTb9HCKOTO BOC17 07 1708 roaax Ha tore Poccuu.

craHug, BcnbrxHyBulero e

Kor4a Eenneecrri ropo4or 6un coxxen npaB[TenbcrBeHxuMu eoicraMr, ero reppytro-

pxo orAanh Po4roHoay rpagy sa cayx6y.

a xa-

B npounoM oro Mecro y

KASaKOB C.tUTanOCb He TO cBquleHHbtM, He TO SaKnsTHM,

paccKaguBaer Sopr,rc CrenaxoBl4q. - Ctapuxu BcnoMuHanu o eoilcxoeofi KasHe noBcraH^eB u o 6oraroM Kra4e, cxputou 5y,ABUHHM B NOASEMHOM XOAE. 9xo6u oror xoA TnHyncfl or EengeBcKoro ropoAKa 4o Sepeeoaoil 6anru, orcronqei orXonpa Ha ceMb- BoceMb KunoMeTpoB... B ronqe XIX aexa B noAseMe-

aue npoxur Tpar, Bcto xhgHb 3axruaaurhicc noucKaMh KnaAoB. 3anacu.ryrcu Qonapeu, oH cnycrxncs nog seMnto s l-exepanu-

cKoM caAy. Cxalana, MerpoB ngTHaAqaTb-ABaAqaTb, nons Ha qerBepeHbKax. floroM ysxuil n recxul xoA cr€rn pacult4pcrbce u npeBpaTxnce B Kopl4Aop, B Ko-

ropoM ceo6oAno Bo Becb pocr MOr CTO9Tb qenOBeK.

Tpar, oqynuBae ocropoxHo

nalroi

non h BbtcryKrBaf, cre-

Hbr, npouJen MerpoB

400-500,

noKa He noryx QoHapr. Tpar 3axer ero, Ho Qonapu noryx

- npOAOn)Kan h3flaraTb cBoy| KpaeBeAqecKue hccneAoeaxun .[|ar4rnuH.

CpeAu ee

wacrHnKoB oKasanacb AeBya Ka

reonor, KoTopafl SauHTepe-

coBanacb neren4oh o noAaeMHoM xoAe. Ona nonpocnna crapuKol yKagarb Mecro B Sepeeoaort 6anxe, rge 6un aroport xoq B noASeMenbe. C rpynnofi MecrHbtx KoMcoMOt bueB AeByUKa HeCKOnbKO 4nefi npousaoAuna pacxonxu. Eil

yAanocb o6napyxntt Haqano

Meucdy

tcumertailu xymopa Eydnoecxoeo no noeody npupodw

nodsennux nycmom cozJtacun flem.

Odnu

c.tumapm, tmo eydtt4ue nycmomu emo 6uewue nodeatw nor4et4ulbux

donoa. ,[pyeue dorcasuearcm,

ltno nycmoma u ecmb

'ma canwil mom nodeexnufi xod, ede xponamcn HecilemHue coKpo6ut4a.

noaseMHoro KoptrAopa, ero crenu, o6nuuoaaHHHe KaMHeM. 9 ne tnr ygepxarfin or roro,

ero6u He noxBacrarbcs xpoTOHHHM MaTHeTOMeTpOM UHOCTFHHOTO npOu3BOACrBa, pq,KUM n Aoporocrost4uM npn6o-

poM

noMowp

N0 gonnapa!

C ero

MoxHo 6uno 6u nonuTarbcn orucKarb o6aan u e u u ecs n SacHnaHHHe necKoM BXOAbT A nofrseMen&. et4e neeuat, qro

"4O6pOxOrU, ue naytnoil cpepbt

Bna Ha oKpecTHocTI{

pexu Xonep

gTffiffi--I

*rnru, uBrrrg.t x We (HacrwanuD a KFE u no aoeary4ennn Aouort MHe npuAeTcfl nucarb o6bscHurenbHHe u on-

pailoxe xyropa'lepxaccroro *Tb

MecTo, rAe

npo&nunct rrec.

Ha npoqaxue rlaqrnnx o6et4afl BbrSBOHl4Tb 143 paiqexrpa VpnnrHcx AABHero xccneAoBa-

OAun us crapuKoB paccKaSHBat MHe, lTO AaAHHM-AaBHO ero HeBecra, 6oeeas xasawa(a eto 6uno et4e B XIX aexe), xoAuna et4e c AByMq napHf,Mu E noAgevenbe orctoAa, us 6ep-

TpaxaHqeBa, npuexaBuero

noKa3an

paBAaTenbHHe 6yuaxcxu o roM, 9TO U rAe UCKan, HAUen nU...

rens noAseMenun Burropa Ac-

poAHbre MecTa B ornycK.

Acrpaxaxqee

pyroi -na eoponry.

oH, xeHux, y BxoAa ocfancfl urparb B KaprH oHu c ToBapuulaMu uATu no6osnnca. rQeeywKa BepHynacb npuMepHo qepes

xcnfttx ur|01 Mu c AcrpaxaHqeBbtM Hepe3

rycrHe sapocnu a SepesoaoI 6anxe npo6panucu x uJecrxcrBonbHoMy Ay6Ky.

9 c Aetctaa or

eoaoil 6anxn,

crapuKoB

cnHuan, qro KegaKu, u oco6enno KoxApar 6ynaann, 6unu "xopouruMu> pae6oilnnxaun. llpoMHungnu oHu no acefr oxpyre: or Aoua Ao Bonru. A a neqeqe Senseacxoro ropopxa y xux 6un aopoacxol npuroH, t<yAa caogunu narpa6neHHoe...

Burrop Bgcn B naAoHx necoK ue o6urupxoi rotnoenxu, nPo-

pocruei BccKof rpaeoi.

vac. Paccxagana, qro neulepa

oqena 6onHuas u pagBeraneHxaa. Hexoropue 6oxoaue xoAu nepeKpHTH xereSHHMu ABeWMU, KOTOpHe OHU OTKpHTb He cMo rn u. BuAen u xane HHoro un u

MerannneecKoro KoHq n Apyrue cKynbnrypH.

1962 roqy MH c MWbeMu Konarb e 6anxe. Aoxonanucb Ao ySKoro At uHHoro naga, HO Aanbue npoHuKHyTb He

cranu

cMornu,

AcrpaxaxqeB 3a-

Monqan, npunoMlrHag no4po69 yxe pa6oran a MocHocrr4.

-9surap,woneuppfuua KOBCKOM ABOpUe nUOHepoB Ha xapcroaoil, npupoAnoil. B eroil lleunxcxux ropax. B 1966 roAY Arrryner n nrge xcyr<a-cxapa6er

MecrHocru noASe M H He Npht

MHBapr orpoMHHe nonocrn. B

npuBes caAa crapueKnaccHuxoa. Bor sra BopoHKa u ocra-

nacb or Hauero pacKona. TorAa pednra cyMenu pacKonarb Ha cKrroHe 6anxu nnouaArcy grnnort MerpoB wecra. 06Hapwunu rpn KaMHf,, ynoxeHHHe noq yrnoM 120' nnorno Myr K Apyry. lloAyuann rorAa, .tTo oHu KaK-TO CBaSaHH C AXOAOM, xorenu BsOpBaTb, Ho

nopa 6uno yegxarb. A ua cnegyot4uil roA oKesancfl

KaMeHb

SacHnaH, saHe-

ceH necKoM, HWHo 6uno cxoBa HavuHarb Konarb. Aeno u ocTaHOBUnOCb...

Xenapuux noxhBl,trbcq coKpogr4qaMlr 6uno uxoro: secru o garaAoqHoM noAgeMenue 6ucrpo o6nerena geMnlo.

rfixffi--

g^rAAIU

Aaexcaxgpa floHouapeaa,

tepnoh cMopoAuHbt. Bupunu Cnuwar nonarH rynKo crwar. 3xaqur, tau,

e 1945 roAy MonoAoro

flMy Ha BepunHe.

He3HaKOMqeE:

- nycrora... Ho ry gnganAer, 6pnragup: "A uy noLunu oTca@, - KpnvuT, - He To caMn B nyCTOry nonaAeTe..." "ry Taxue paccxa3bt y nfropeH o6uqnoeAeao. Bor r flerp 9xoeneaur Xpouyulr4H co cBol4M Apyrou flerpona lOulxunuu qacreHb-

er4e napHg, Hanyral14 HecKonbKo

aHusy

- 9 na rpaKrope naxan psAoM c Eepesoeoil 6anxort. Bapyr orryAa, u3 6anxn, au6exanu rpoe, I ax ucnyranca. Cxaeanu, qro oHn HaWHue corpyAHuKn ue Mocxeu. Paccxa-

xu npo xoA, noKaxu...9 pac-

cKaaan BCe KaK certqac. .lero MHe 6oqrbce? lloxasan Mecro, rAe 6un xo4. Ho ero We rorAa 3aHecno necKoM. lloxoaupnnu oHn ronaToil, noxoaupgnu u yexanu Hu c qeM... flonouapee, raK xe xar r AcTpixaHqeB, noKa3btBaeT Ha ue-

crncrBonbHbri gy6or:

Tontxo e 1 93O-e roAu axoA

6un na rpu-yer*pe

Merpa

Hnxe renepeuHero ypoBHq geMnu. Ox 6un nottrn Ha ypoBHeAHa pwbn -TerutnHw no-Me-

crHoMy. Ho xopnauil 4y6 Ha cKone TaM xe, .tTo u B AaBHne BpeMeHa, TOnbKO TOrAa CKJTOH nOnoxe 6un, ue raxoi rpyrofi, xax

cefreac...

K flosgHuureey Bacrnno - crapeluleuy

Bacrauesr.{y

xrrento Sy6Hoerr a 1960-e roAu o6paularucb- noxulbte

MyxquHa r xeHu{rHa. Foaoprrr4, rTo npuexanyt r3-3a rpaHhqH, Aa h roBop pyccxri y Hux 6ua "ne HauD. l4HTepecoBanucb noASeMeflbeM: qTo, Mon, MecTHbre, 3HapT o HeM, XoAfiT nu ryAa. l-oeoprann eule, qro TaM ,lexaT KHUryt npa,qeAoB, Ho r4x Hr4KorAa He xairr...

SEIlt Xren

nYCrOT0t

ailfllTr

pn4ont c no4geMenbeM,

xyropeHe Bonei- xeeonei o6pa-

qa|oT BHhMaHhe Ha HexoTopbte nph3HaKr noA3eMHbtx nycToT. - Ilpoxonuu c ManbuAMu eqe a 1935 roAy KypraH Konan, .tro 3AeCb HeAaneKo, B Sapocnqx

rUOnnr,S.'$'

Kpaeeed Eopuc

Jlat4uttux paccKo3uaaem: <fl xe noz

ydepxamtcn,

Ko 6brBan e l-exepanbcxoM caAy.

fo4y a 1952-u uu c fler-

poM Kocnnn B cAy, Ha nocne4neil or rytop notwHe, u HarKHynucb Ha nycrory. Ecnu yp,apnra xocoil o geMmo, to cnuuen 6un rnyxoil seyx, 6ypro tau nycro. A pflAOM 3eMnfl COBCeM He 3BWUT. Taptce geuns ryAnr n Ha nonnHax,

6nuxunx

xryopy. Tonaxo rau

nnot4aAb nycrorbt 6onawe...

MexAy xyropcHaMx no noBOAy npupoAbt nycTor corna-

cre Her. Auurpuil

l4eaHoerq FleAexee, HanprMep, xecraMlr 14 pr4CyHKaMX Ha necKe nOKa3an, rAe 14 KaKoe crpoeH14e 6uno e reHepanbcKoM noMecrue. On ci{hraer, qro ryAlulxe

wo6w nox6acmambct

xpomonH&It

ila?Hemo-

ilemport uHocmpaHHo?o

npousaodcmea, pedrcun u dopoeo-

cmott4urt npudopon

10 M0dotuapu! C eeo notot4on

noxno 6wto omucrcamb o6eaauawuecn u 3acunaHHue necxotu exodw

a nodseueJrae. et4e ne znan,

tmo <do6poxomu> us nayvnofr

cpedw yxe <HACnyUUUD

KIE

u no 6o3epat4exuu dottoil

no4- oro 6uaulne BaIH nOMeUlXqbt4x AoMoB. A eor Hrxonai l-puropueeuv

nne npudemca

l-ayxoecxu[, caM BxAeBuJni xenegHyro Aeepb Merpax e 50 or BxoAa B Eepeeoeoi 6anxe, or

u onpaedamena-

nycrorbt

nucamb

o6tncnumetbHue nwe 6ynaxrcu

AeAa, eqe

c 1930-x roAoB no-

o moil, qmo u ade ucrcat,

MHI4T, 9TO

e CaAY eCTb 3eMn9,

HAWeJt JtU...>

Koropaq nycroroi (ryAerD. 14 nycrora ora Tor cauufi no4-

geuxui

xoA.

Cauue crapbte cBe.qeHrg o noA3eMHbtx nycToT€x oTHOC9TCq x 18(X roAy, KorEa Aeelnl0,Ernnrorcauui, xoropui e 1913 ro4y

Aouren Ao

xeresHoi ABepu,

cMor oTKpbtTb ee, - e caoei roHocTl4 3aHxMancfl pacKonKaun. VeaH c roBapxrlaMn Aownu ronaTaMr Ao cno9 KaMH9, CTann ero npo6uearu, Ho (nony{hncc nog3eMHbti ryn", h l,rx (B39ra He

Maenumxas c6eilKa Iexepaarcrcoeo cada eu.newta y4acmoK c tttot4noil

axonatueil iloeHumHo20 nonfl: eeo HanptJtceHHocmb

na nedoaowofi nnot4adu (npunepno dea Ha mpu nempa) a

glffi--I

*rnret qxBr^rsrqrx

pailone

npednonaeaenoeo exoda e nonmopu mucnlu pa3

npesuwaem ecmecmaenHoe 3eilHoe no0e,

9mo yrcaeueaem Ha cyt4ecmaoaaHue na eLrydune 0,5 - 1,5 ilempa 6oatwux tacc

ilematlra. Boenoxno, ?mo me cailue vy?yHHue

aopoma, 3orcp$6AMt4Ue

exod e nod3eiletbe, o rcomopwx eogopuJtu

ilecmHue xumeJtu.

po6ocrb>. flpuunocu cBepHyrb Bce pa6orH.

o6qe coMHeBaprce B cyule-

Cer4erenucrByer BnaAlrM x p Ceproa:

xeHrq. K xuu orHoccrcc,

B Aercrae, Moxer 6HTb,

rogye 1970-M, MHcpe&raMn B nepBon 6anxe or xyropa o6xapwnnn KaMeHHy,o nnury c BHCE\EHHHMU HA HEil HENOHqTHHMn SHaKaMu, KaK 6yATO nepo-

rnnQaMn KaKuMn-ro. llPu ygape nnnra ue4aaana rnyxoil 3BW, cnoBHo noA Heil 6una nycrora... Ecnr e cyqecrBoBaHx,r oAHof hnvr HecKonbKlrx ABeper B noASeMHOM XOAe He COMHeBaeTC9 Hr,rKTO !r3 XyrOpeH, TO npo HaplDKHHe ABepl4 u BopoTa cBxAerenb-

crByroT ropasAo MeHbuJe. cpeAr Tex, KTO l4X nOMH]4T, - Brrrop MapKeeBxq 3arblqKl,lH: - XoA sHa,o xopouo, caM

ryAa na3un, fonbKo HeAaneKo. o6eux cropoH 6Hnu qWHHHe BOpOfa. uupuna xoAa - eerilpe Bcaa,HnKa e Wa. Ao BoilHu B caAycaM BuAen n o6pyaenxue lyryHHHe Bopora. llouttto, wo Bca4y noAseMeC

nbe woAuno BneBo or BxoAa. BuxoA6un a Eepeeoeofi 6anxe, a Aanbwe ea nefi 6una CaAoe' Ka, We Boponexcxoil o6nactu. Tau eqe Ao 1936 roaa crapnHHHe nyuKu crosnn, paeaofrxuvbu, Tex, KTO npqrancq coTHu

nef

E noA3eMenb9x...

80nP0c0B 5olbllll, orBltoB Haeepxoe, Moxer cogAarb-

'til

c9 BneqarneHne, t{To Bonpoc c

Ey6xoscrnu noAgeMenbeM n peuJarb-ro Heqero - 6epn nonary, Qoxapu r anepeg! Ho...

Ecru crenruKx, KoropHe BoCTBOBaHTX nOASeMHOTO COOpy-

Ha-

npuMepr coTpyAHxKh (3onoro-

roD orAena MnHucrepcTBa BHyr-

peHHlrx Aen, KoHrponxpyouue coKpoBl4r4a h KIaAbr. MnauqnoHepbr cr{rTaoT, qTo Aep3Khe

6ynaauxqu Hxqero He npnraflH B noA3eMeflbgx, noSToMy BpoAe 6u u npo6neMbr Her. OAxaro Qaxru, xore x KocBeHHbre, roBopgT o ApyroM. B ror MoMeHr, KorAa BoxHcreo KoHAparrn EynaeuHa 6Hno oKPlr)KeHO nOA AsOBOM

BOrCKaMlr KHe3er

XoeaHcxoro r .Qonropyxoro, 6l r xahwuh cnoABxxHl4K araMaHa

Herpacoe c He6onbuuM orpsAoM BApyr ornpaBhnce na Xonep, a Senneecrui ropoAox. Moxer 6utu,4lt9 Toro, qro6bt cnpgTarb TaM qeHHocrr4?

klcroprxara r3BecrHo, qro nocne cauoy6ulcrea s HepKaccKe Syraerxa

noBcTaHqecxoro

x pa3rpoMa

eoicra

noA

AsoeoM Herpacoay yAanocb

BbrBecrll qacTb BoccraBuxx Ha Ky6anu, rAe oHu 6onee 30 ner ycneurHo nporr4BocTognr 4apcruu aoicxau. OAxaxo a 174O roAy, He BbrAepxaB nocTocHHoro AaBneHue pyccKr4x enacren, HeKpacoBqbr nepecenunvlcb

Typqro. Ha ryx6nne oHn xunvt

KoM-

Mx, npaKTn9ecKu He cMeuuBagcbc MecrHbtM T|opKCKI4M HaCeneHreM, coxpaH[B pyccxri gsHK x o6bt,{au. B 1962 roAy 6onuurafl rpynna HeKpacoBqeB BepHynacb B naKTHbrMl.l noceneHhfl

HT4KTO 143

CCCP r 6uaa pacceneHa B Craepononscrou rpae. He or Hhxnx npxegxann e Sy6xoecrri

3eMenbe Boo.{t4o

xpai paaae4r

xe 6ypoaue pa6orbl.

Hrqero He cnpgTanlt e SenceecKoM ropoAKe, pagse raiHa noA-

B nocneAxne Aecnrhnerxe

XyIOpf,H BXOAbI B nOAre euAea. l4x AaBHbrM-AaBHO 3aHeCnO necKoM. floerouy Heo6xoAl4Mbt cepbe3Hbre pacKonKlr, MoxeT 6rnu, 4a-

taKvr,

r,rHrepecomB-

ultaect (cBol.lMD noAgeuenueu?

Ho Aaxe ecnr 6ynaerxqu

Iffi.-

srl porqnrn*urur

3eMe,lbf, oT oToro cTana MeHee SHaqilTenbHoi?

xux xurenei, cyqecrBypr ap-

noASeMetbe, O KOTOpbTX roBoplrnh MecTHbre xltTenu. Xyropane, rooope o BpeMeHu crpol{renbcTBa noESeMHoro xo-

TMeHTH B nonbSy CyqecTBOBaHlt9 MHOTOKl,T,|OMeTpOBOTO

fla, HasbrBapr oeperurHy )(V cronerus. Cxopee Bcero, Qarr co-

Kaxne, KpoMe MHeHxn Mecr-

noAseMenbe xa Xonpe? VaQopuaqroxHbre AaHHbte, no-

nernei pasaeAo,{xoi eKcneAxqhu, cBl4-

[yqeHHbre HaMlt B

AeTenbcTByroT o ToM, qTo, noBl4Al4MOMy, Ha BCeM CeMrKlr-

noMerpoBoM npocTpaHcTBe Mexrqy l-exepanucrrM caAoM u Sepesoaofi 6anxoi Ha rny6nxe 10 20 uerpoB sanera-

er yHxKanbHui xeapqnroaui nnacr nopoAu ronqnxoi 0,4

0,6 uerpa. Halrque raxoro cnoe nopoAH Apnaer cTpor,trefl bcTBo HenocpeAcTBeHHO nOA HhM B pbrxnrilx necqaHHx oTroxeHltgx

ryxxenei t,tnu KaMep Aocraro{xo npocroi ea,4aqe[. SenceecKri ropoAoK, a no3xe l-exepanucrri cag c noMecTbeM HaxoAl4Il4cb Ha BbtpOBxexroi aepxxei qacr[ HacHnaHHoro xolMa, npnMbtKaot4e-

K ecTecTBeHHoMy BHCOKOMy

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