Facade reDesign 015

FACADE DESIGN 2015

Hogeschool van Amsterdam Architecture Technology

Janfrans van der eerden

Quinto Ferrรกndez, Alejandro CONELLY, JAMES

IMPORTANT THAT PAGE CONTAINS THE INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT WE CHANGE OF THE LAST DESIGN AND THE INDEX ABOUT THE NEW DESIGN THE TITOL OF PAGES IN GREY ARE THE LAST PAGES AND THE PAGES IN BLACK ARE THE PAGES THAT WE HAD MADE AGAIN, PAGES ABOUT RESEDESIGN OF FACADE AND OUR WORK (THAT PAGES HAS A RED SQUARE IN THE CORNER TO MAKE EASIER) BELOW THERE ARE SOME NOTES ABOUT THE WRONG THINGS AND WHAT WE CHANGE, WHAT NOT AND WHY

NOTES PRECEDENT STUDY

nationalgallerie. MIES. We don’t change nothing about this part because we had worked in two precedent study (more work) and our main precedent study it’s Lever House. I hope you appreciate that we made two analyses.

lever house. Gordon. We explain carefully the information, the sources and make a comparision between the changes in the facade (because was a transformation in the facade). Although we couldn’t find a lot of information we make our own details and supossing how was the renovation more or less.

COMPARISION with a modern glass curtain wall. We make the comparision using the transformation of the Lever House facade.

PRELIMINARY DESIGN. None to change in preliminary design since it’s a ‘preliminary design’ and I know that there’re a lot of mistakes but we added due to it’s part of our development in the work.

FINAL DESIGN. We make a new design, totally different, trying to using the materials in a better way to make a more interesting facade. We make the vertical, horizontal details. Also door and window and moreover an explanation about how it’s the behaviour of the facade against the rain, wind, sun, earthquakes, moisty, etc.

INDEX (b) cover index

PRECEDENT STUDY.

analyse of historic glass curtain wall nationalgallerie. MIES lever house. Gordon lever house. information and dates about the facade before

and after renovation. Comparision between old and new facade.

COMPARISION with a modern glass curtain wall

MATERIAL report PMMA (Alejandro) Bamboo (James)

Material comparision between PMMA - Bamboo - aluminium INSPIRATION

PRELIMINARY DESIGN. Sketches Concept

Elevation. Appeareance of facade

Details. Scale 1:4

Standard horizontal detail (existent pilar)

Standard horizontal detail (bamboo mullion) Standard vertical detail

Vertical detail ( existent pilar)

FINAL DESIGN

Elevation. Appearence of facade. Scale 1:50

Vertical section. Scale 1:20

Details. Scale 1:5 Standard horizontal detail Standard vertical detail Door details Window details 3D Details

REDESIGN

page

3,4 4-9

10 11 12,13 14 15,16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29-31

PRECEDENT STUDY

lever house

“The Lever House by (SOM) was one of the first glass International style office buildings in the United States. Located in midtown Manhattan, it was originally the American corporate headquarters of the soap company Lever Brothers. Built between 1951-1952, the Lever House extends 24 stories in height right across from Mies van der Rohe’s Seagram Building, and stands as its own perfect glass box.The design of the Lever House offsets the tall office tower from the horizontal base. The horizontal base is lifted off of the ground plane by pilotis except for a small enclosed portion, providing a public plaza underneath and a threshold between the exterior and interior of the building.”

Alejandro Quinto Connelly James

“One of the most important elements of the Lever House is its curtain wall which is made of blue-green heat-resistant glass and stainless steel. Its design had both an economical and aesthetic purpose.

Since it was the headquarters of a soap business, the use of an all-glass facade would make the building easy to clean as well as maintain its glimmer on the skyline. A system was created with a rooftop window-washing gondola that was able to move on tracks to clean theglass. The curtain wall is also completely sealed without operable windows to prevent the passage of dirt from the city into the building, and the heat-resistant glass helped reduce cooling costs”

FACADE DESIGN

PRECEDENT STUDY

lever house

Alejandro Quinto Connelly James

“The building, although designated a landmark in 1982 by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, was in need of a restoration by this time due to water seeping into the building and the breaking of the glass panels. By the mid-1990’s only one percent of the originalglass remained. In 1998 Unilever, the original company of the Lever Brothers, only remained on the top floors of the Lever Building when RFR Holding LLC bought the building. They hired Skidmore, Owings, & Merrill once again to restore the curtain wall with state-of-the-art solutions in modern wall technology while still keeping the building’s original appearance which was all completed by 2001.Winning numerous awards, including the AIA First Honor Award, the AIA National 25 Year Award, and the Architectural League of New York Gold Medal, the Lever House is a New YorkCity landmark that has mesmerized people through the years with its modern style that has yet to fade into the past.” sources: https://redchalksketch.wordpress.com/2010/08/21/lever-house-by-gordon-bunshaft_som-1951-1952/ http://issuu.com/remicarreiro/docs/architecture___city_form_plx599_201 https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/arch262/notes/11b.html http://www.archdaily.com/61162/ad-classics-lever-house-skidmore-owings-merrill/

FACADE DESIGN

DETAIL OF TYPICAL EXISTING MULLION/CORNER

EXISTING SECTION AT SPANDREL

"Lever house curtain wall detailed refurbishment The lever house and it's well detailed curtain wall was built 50 years ago and designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings and Merell. Atnthenrime it was state of the art curtain wall design. But it was shortly undermined by 1950s technology.

The soap manufacturer that the building was designed for wanted to project an image of cleanliness and this architectural clarity was a way to project this.

Existing carbon steel glazing stops to be removed

Existing vertical glass stop to remain

When this faรงade was designed several cost cutting methods were exercised, the designers argued that openable windows were to complicated to install and sealed glazing would prevent dirt from entering the building with air and water, after all city air and smog was a problem in the 50s. Using tinted green windows allowed the faรงade to block 50% of conduct able solar heat energy (heat gain co efficient of 0.60)

Steel angle to be removed

Steel plate, angles, and channesl to be removed

Existing metal closures to be reused

Existing stainless-steel covers to be removed and replaced

Existing stainless-steel corner closures to be removed

Existing stainless-steel mullion caps to be removed

Existing vision glass to be removed

Existing vertical glass stop to remain

The architects knew that mullions made of carbon steel corrode easily, and when they corrode they expand and crack the glass. So to get around this problem, the designers capped the mullions with 16 gauge stainless steel, and also sealed the joints. However over decades the water found a way to creep back to the carbon steel and thus the glass began to fail.

By the time it was refurbished almost all of the original glass had been replaced. The refurbishment was tedious and complicated, all of the gauge steel caps were scrapped as storage would have cost more than replacing them. The original carbon steel elements behind the glazing were treated with high performance paint.

continuous spandrel glass

New stainless-steel covers

TYPICAL CORNER Existing steel strap stiffener to be removed

NEW SECTION AT SPANDREL

Remove existing steel angle

Continuous seal at vertical joint

22-gauge stainless-steel vertical cover splice channel

1/8’ x 3/4’ x 1’ x 7/8’ long aluminium angle at each end

.090º painted shadow-box panel

1/8” continuous extruded aluminium closure

PRECEDENT STUDY

lever house “The wind force travels from glass panes to mullions to outriggers to the building's structural steel frame.The gravity load in the envelope travels from glass and cinder- block to facade framework to outriggers to the building's structural frame.”

air gap

“The success of the curtain wall as a sparkling skin depended on a regular use of a cleaning apparatus developed especially for the project. According to a "Fact Sheet" provided by Lever brothers (as of May 1994) it was established that it was more economical to wash the entire building than to wash the windows only in the traditional manner. The cleaning apparatus is stored on the roof. The windows are washed from a motor driven gondola suspended by a 10 1/2 T crane which runs around the parameter of the roof on standard railroad tracks. Vertically, the gondola is lintel steel T guided on nearly invisible flanged stainless shaped tracks mounted on every sixth vertical mullion.”

“To support the desired image of the thin skin the mullions had to be flush with the glass and the envelope sealed - there are no operable windows in this curtain wall. The practical aspects of a sealed building are reduction in noise level and dust penetration, but the main interest in sealing the building was an aesthetic one.”

Alejandro Quinto Connelly James

metal flashing

finished ceiling

slots fro drainage and venting

ventilation “The curtain wall was built as a "face sealed" system, based on the principal of keeping water out altogether.

To control moisture, infiltration and condensation weepholes and flashing were provided at spandrel level. To make the spandrel as water tight as possible small "flaps" were placed over the weepholes in the metal frame. joining materials was a subject of experimentation - the sealant used was polysulphide.The cinder-block wall at the back of the glass serves as a "cavity wall" to resist wind driven rain.”

clips

blind pocket

heat resistant glass

sealant

12 gauge steel

INT

16 gauge stainless steel

EXT setting blocks of EPDM or neoprene

“About 3" behind the wired glass black cinder-block fire walls were set at the back of an air space. The air pocket was designed to avoid heat build-up in the glass; the walls were built to meet fire codes, as well as to mask floor slabs, radiators and the suspended ceiling with it's mechanical and electrical ducts.”

steel straps

slots for drainage and venting

solid cinder block

“The glass conceals the interior structure. Two types of glass panes were chosen. For the transparent areas a light blue green colored glass was picked not only for it's aesthetic, ethereal quality but also for it's heat absorption qualities. To achieve a consistent exterior surface, spandrels beneath the windows were glazed with smaller panes of wire glass to meet city codes.”

IMPORTANT. The source of that information about behaviour about the facade against climatic changes is next:

heat resistant wire glass

snap-on cap glazing gasket (EPDM, neoprene or PVC)

http://www.archdaily.com/61162/ad-classics-lever-house-skidmore-owings-merrill/

We know that that details and the last ones (preview pages) are different, but both was found in different sources and we don’t know which is more correct, so we used this to draw it and analyse carefully because the image had more quality and both could be equally valids.

FACADE DESIGN7

Materials research. Properties.

Material Density (kg/m3) Modulus of Rupture (N/mm2) Modulus of Elastcity (N/mm2) Thermal conductvity (W/m(K)) Hardness (N/mm2)

Laminated bamboo 577-750

PMMA

Curtain steel

Douglas fr

1.16-1.22

8000

520

76-168.6

30.3 - 100

170-320

68

19000

2240-3800

190000-210000

1300

0.5

0.19-0.24

0.16

0.5

3500-4500

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Laminated bamboo There are three main methods form laminating bamboo.

-plate flattened, then laminated.

-roller flattened, then laminated.

-split, then laminated.

The method we would choose for our design in the spit method, this results in a stalk of bamboo being split into many uniform piece, these pieces are treated and glued together in a press and stacked at alternative angles to create a versatile man made wood that can be used for many things.

Our mixed laminated bamboo would be used structurally for mullions in our design. Compared to natural timber laminated bamboo is much stronger as it doesn't rely on wood grain direction, it more resistant to heat malfunction and expansion.

Compared to PMMA laminated bamboo is much more useful in building, PMMA is mainly useful for aesthetic non load bear building elements. Laminated bamboo is stronger and not easily ruptured compared to PMMA which is quite brittle and not nearly as strong as any type of wood. PMMA has good thermal conductivity rating (0.22w/mk) compared to state of the art rigid insulation which is usually has a thermal conductivity value of 0.36w/mk PMMA could be used in harmony with a natural ventilation technique to trap heat against a façade, whilst at the same time reducing solar energy gain.

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Sketches new design.

VERTICAL DETAIL. HORIZONTAL MULLIONS SCALE 1:5 n

A

A’

A C

B

Section A-A’

Material

Description

Dimensions

1

PMMA

curved laminated PMMA panels for cladding facade.

Translucid. 2500 x 600 mm

4 - 5 mm

2 3

PMMA

element of union

22 x 16 mm

PMMA

PMMA batton with cover of laminated bamboo cap

55 mm x 13 mm

4

bamboo

horizontal bamboo mullion profile cap with treatment against water

70 mm long

5

bamboo

horizontal laminated bamboo batton

100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm

6

bamboo

horizontal laminated of bamboo fixing shelf for PMMA cladding

100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm

7

bamboo

laminated horizontal batton

116 x 50 with void 34 x 53

8

bamboo

vertical laminated bamboo mullion

160 x 95 mm

9

bamboo

interior laminated bamboo mullion cap (horizontal) (varnished)

55 x 21 mm

10

aluminium

aluminium fixing for horizontal mullions/ battons

72 long; 9 mm thick

11

stainless steel

screws and bolt

screws 11mm diameter bolt 11 mm diameter

12

silicone

13

silicone seals for acoustic and weather resistants

rubber

14

rubber

rubber profile to supportand secure cladding rubber washer

15

glass

laminate glass with a sound control layer between the (3+3)

(3+3) - 8 - 4

16

concrete

300mm thick

17 18

concrete slab (existing structure)

bamboo

bamboo floor battens

31 x 28 mm

wool fibre aluminium

insulation material

31,8 thick

special profile

6 mm thick

19

Outside the existing structure of the building laminated bamboo mullions stand in front of the floor slabs.

Between the floor slabs and behind he verticle bamboo mullion. Horizontal bamboo mullions hold the glass. In front of the verticle mullions PMMA cladding bamboo supported. The laminated bamboo mullions support PMMA cladding.

A. In front of the verticle mullions, PMMA cladding is supported. (far from the existing structure).

B. tall vertical laminated bamboo mullions sit in front of the floor slabs (outside of the existing structur

C. laminated bamboo mullions span horizontally and support glazing. (just inside the existing structure).

VERTICAL DETAIL. HORIZONTAL MULLIONS SCALE 1:2 n

Material

Description

Dimensions

1

PMMA

curved laminated PMMA panels for cladding facade.

Translucid. 2500 x 600 mm

4 - 5 mm

2 3

PMMA

element of union

22 x 16 mm

PMMA

PMMA batton with cover of laminated bamboo cap

55 mm x 13 mm

4

bamboo

horizontal bamboo mullion profile cap with treatment against water

70 mm long

5

bamboo

horizontal laminated bamboo batton

100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm

horizontal laminated of bamboo fixing shelf for PMMA cladding

100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm

6

bamboo

1 8 11

12

bamboo

laminated horizontal batton

116 x 50 with void 34 x 53

8

bamboo

vertical laminated bamboo mullion

160 x 95 mm

9

bamboo

interior laminated bamboo mullion cap (horizontal) (varnished)

55 x 21 mm

10

aluminium

aluminium fixing for horizontal mullions/ battons

72 long; 9 mm thick

11

stainless steel

screws and bolt

screws 11mm diameter bolt 11 mm diameter

12

silicone

13

silicone seals for acoustic and weather resistants

rubber

14

rubber

rubber profile to supportand secure cladding rubber washer

15

glass

laminate glass with a sound control layer between the (3+3)

(3+3) - 8 - 4

16

concrete

300mm thick

17 18

concrete slab (existing structure)

bamboo

bamboo floor battens

31 x 28 mm

wool fibre aluminium

insulation material

31,8 thick

special profile

6 mm thick

1

3

11

14

12

7

6

4

7

19

11

13

2 9

5

10 10

VERTICAL DETAIL. HORIZONTAL MULLIONS SCALE 1:1 n

1

Material PMMA

Description

11

Dimensions

curved laminated PMMA panels for cladding facade.

Translucid. 2500 x 600 mm

4 - 5 mm

5

1

2 3

PMMA

element of union

22 x 16 mm

PMMA

PMMA batton with cover of laminated bamboo cap

55 mm x 13 mm

4

bamboo

horizontal bamboo mullion profile cap with treatment against water

70 mm long

5

bamboo

horizontal laminated bamboo batton

100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm

6

bamboo

horizontal laminated of bamboo fixing shelf for PMMA cladding

100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm

7

bamboo

laminated horizontal batton

116 x 50 with void 34 x 53

8

bamboo

vertical laminated bamboo mullion

160 x 95 mm

9

bamboo

interior laminated bamboo mullion cap (horizontal) (varnished)

55 x 21 mm

10

aluminium

aluminium fixing for horizontal mullions/ battons

72 long; 9 mm thick

11

stainless steel

screws and bolt

screws 11mm diameter bolt 11 mm diameter

12

silicone

13

silicone seals for acoustic and weather resistants

rubber

14

rubber

rubber profile to supportand secure cladding rubber washer

15

glass

laminate glass with a sound control layer between the (3+3)

(3+3) - 8 - 4

16

concrete

300mm thick

17 18

concrete slab (existing structure)

bamboo

bamboo floor battens

31 x 28 mm

wool fibre aluminium

insulation material

31,8 thick

SILICONE

special profile

6 mm thick

STEEL

19

12 6

4

13 14

11

LAMINATED BAMBOO

12

BAMBOO

RUBBER

8 1

HORIONTAL DETAIL. VERTICAL MULLION SCALE 1:2 n

Material

Description

1

6

11

8

15

Dimensions

1

PMMA

curved laminated PMMA panels for cladding facade.

Translucid. 2500 x 600 mm

4 - 5 mm

2 3

PMMA

element of union

22 x 16 mm

PMMA

PMMA batton with cover of laminated bamboo cap

55 mm x 13 mm

4

bamboo

horizontal bamboo mullion profile cap with treatment against water

70 mm long

5

bamboo

horizontal laminated bamboo batton

100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm

6

bamboo

horizontal laminated of bamboo fixing shelf for PMMA cladding

100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm

7

bamboo

laminated horizontal batton

116 x 50 with void 34 x 53

8

bamboo

vertical laminated bamboo mullion

160 x 95 mm

9

bamboo

interior laminated bamboo mullion cap (horizontal) (varnished)

55 x 21 mm

10

aluminium

aluminium fixing for horizontal mullions/ battons

72 long; 9 mm thick

11

stainless steel

screws and bolt

screws 11mm diameter bolt 11 mm diameter

12

silicone

13

silicone seals for acoustic and weather resistants

rubber

14

rubber

rubber profile to supportand secure cladding rubber washer

15

glass

laminate glass with a sound control layer between the (3+3)

(3+3) - 8 - 4

16

concrete

300mm thick

17 18

concrete slab (existing structure)

bamboo

bamboo floor battens

31 x 28 mm

wool fibre aluminium

insulation material

31,8 thick

SILICONE

special profile

6 mm thick

STEEL

19

5

LAMINATED BAMBOO BAMBOO

RUBBER

11

VERTICAL DETAIL. INTERMEDIATE FLOOR SECTION SCALE 1:2 1 8 11

11

12

6

4

1

19

11

14

12

7

13

2 5

10 10

17

18

16

RUBBER GRAVE

VERTICAL DETAIL. GROUND SCALE 1:5 n

Material

Description

Dimensions

1

PMMA

curved laminated PMMA panels for cladding facade.

Translucid. 2500 x 600 mm

4 - 5 mm

2 3

PMMA

element of union

22 x 16 mm

PMMA

PMMA batton with cover of laminated bamboo cap

55 mm x 13 mm

SILICONE

4

bamboo

horizontal bamboo mullion profile cap with treatment against water

70 mm long

STEEL

5

bamboo

horizontal laminated bamboo batton

100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm

horizontal laminated of bamboo fixing shelf for PMMA cladding

100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm

6

bamboo

7

bamboo

laminated horizontal batton

116 x 50 with void 34 x 53

8

bamboo

vertical laminated bamboo mullion

160 x 95 mm

9

bamboo

interior laminated bamboo mullion cap (horizontal) (varnished)

55 x 21 mm

10

aluminium

aluminium fixing for horizontal mullions/ battons

72 long; 9 mm thick

11

stainless steel

screws and bolt

screws 11mm diameter bolt 11 mm diameter

12

silicone

13

silicone seals for acoustic and weather resistants

rubber

14

rubber

rubber profile to supportand secure cladding rubber washer

15

glass

laminate glass with a sound control layer between the (3+3)

(3+3) - 8 - 4

16

concrete

300mm thick

17 18

concrete slab (existing structure)

bamboo

bamboo floor battens

31 x 28 mm

wool fibre aluminium

insulation material

31,8 thick

special profile

6 mm thick

19

LAMINATED BAMBOO BAMBOO

RUBBER GRAVEL GROUND special aluminium profile to end the bottom of the facade

screws and bots to attach to the concrete structure

gravel to drain

waterproofing layer