FACADE DESIGN 2015
Hogeschool van Amsterdam Architecture Technology
Janfrans van der eerden
Quinto Ferrรกndez, Alejandro CONELLY, JAMES
IMPORTANT THAT PAGE CONTAINS THE INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT WE CHANGE OF THE LAST DESIGN AND THE INDEX ABOUT THE NEW DESIGN THE TITOL OF PAGES IN GREY ARE THE LAST PAGES AND THE PAGES IN BLACK ARE THE PAGES THAT WE HAD MADE AGAIN, PAGES ABOUT RESEDESIGN OF FACADE AND OUR WORK (THAT PAGES HAS A RED SQUARE IN THE CORNER TO MAKE EASIER) BELOW THERE ARE SOME NOTES ABOUT THE WRONG THINGS AND WHAT WE CHANGE, WHAT NOT AND WHY
NOTES PRECEDENT STUDY nationalgallerie. MIES. We don’t change nothing about this part because we had worked in two precedent study (more work) and our main precedent study it’s Lever House. I hope you appreciate that we made two analyses. lever house. Gordon. We explain carefully the information, the sources and make a comparision between the changes in the facade (because was a transformation in the facade). Although we couldn’t find a lot of information we make our own details and supossing how was the renovation more or less. COMPARISION with a modern glass curtain wall. We make the comparision using the transformation of the Lever House facade. PRELIMINARY DESIGN. None to change in preliminary design since it’s a ‘preliminary design’ and I know that there’re a lot of mistakes but we added due to it’s part of our development in the work. FINAL DESIGN. We make a new design, totally different, trying to using the materials in a better way to make a more interesting facade. We make the vertical, horizontal details. Also door and window and moreover an explanation about how it’s the behaviour of the facade against the rain, wind, sun, earthquakes, moisty, etc.
INDEX (b) cover index PRECEDENT STUDY. analyse of historic glass curtain wall nationalgallerie. MIES lever house. Gordon lever house. information and dates about the facade before and after renovation. Comparision between old and new facade. COMPARISION with a modern glass curtain wall MATERIAL report PMMA (Alejandro) Bamboo (James) Material comparision between PMMA - Bamboo - aluminium INSPIRATION PRELIMINARY DESIGN. Sketches Concept Elevation. Appeareance of facade Details. Scale 1:4 Standard horizontal detail (existent pilar) Standard horizontal detail (bamboo mullion) Standard vertical detail Vertical detail ( existent pilar) FINAL DESIGN Elevation. Appearence of facade. Scale 1:50 Vertical section. Scale 1:20 Details. Scale 1:5 Standard horizontal detail Standard vertical detail Door details Window details 3D Details REDESIGN
page
3,4 4-9
10 11 12,13 14 15,16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29-31
PRECEDENT STUDY
lever house
“The Lever House by (SOM) was one of the first glass International style office buildings in the United States. Located in midtown Manhattan, it was originally the American corporate headquarters of the soap company Lever Brothers. Built between 1951-1952, the Lever House extends 24 stories in height right across from Mies van der Rohe’s Seagram Building, and stands as its own perfect glass box.The design of the Lever House offsets the tall office tower from the horizontal base. The horizontal base is lifted off of the ground plane by pilotis except for a small enclosed portion, providing a public plaza underneath and a threshold between the exterior and interior of the building.”
Alejandro Quinto Connelly James
“One of the most important elements of the Lever House is its curtain wall which is made of blue-green heat-resistant glass and stainless steel. Its design had both an economical and aesthetic purpose. Since it was the headquarters of a soap business, the use of an all-glass facade would make the building easy to clean as well as maintain its glimmer on the skyline. A system was created with a rooftop window-washing gondola that was able to move on tracks to clean theglass. The curtain wall is also completely sealed without operable windows to prevent the passage of dirt from the city into the building, and the heat-resistant glass helped reduce cooling costs”
FACADE DESIGN
PRECEDENT STUDY
lever house
Alejandro Quinto Connelly James
“The building, although designated a landmark in 1982 by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, was in need of a restoration by this time due to water seeping into the building and the breaking of the glass panels. By the mid-1990’s only one percent of the originalglass remained. In 1998 Unilever, the original company of the Lever Brothers, only remained on the top floors of the Lever Building when RFR Holding LLC bought the building. They hired Skidmore, Owings, & Merrill once again to restore the curtain wall with state-of-the-art solutions in modern wall technology while still keeping the building’s original appearance which was all completed by 2001.Winning numerous awards, including the AIA First Honor Award, the AIA National 25 Year Award, and the Architectural League of New York Gold Medal, the Lever House is a New YorkCity landmark that has mesmerized people through the years with its modern style that has yet to fade into the past.” sources: https://redchalksketch.wordpress.com/2010/08/21/lever-house-by-gordon-bunshaft_som-1951-1952/ http://issuu.com/remicarreiro/docs/architecture___city_form_plx599_201 https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/arch262/notes/11b.html http://www.archdaily.com/61162/ad-classics-lever-house-skidmore-owings-merrill/
FACADE DESIGN
DETAIL OF TYPICAL EXISTING MULLION/CORNER
EXISTING SECTION AT SPANDREL
"Lever house curtain wall detailed refurbishment The lever house and it's well detailed curtain wall was built 50 years ago and designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings and Merell. Atnthenrime it was state of the art curtain wall design. But it was shortly undermined by 1950s technology. The soap manufacturer that the building was designed for wanted to project an image of cleanliness and this architectural clarity was a way to project this.
Existing carbon steel glazing stops to be removed
Existing vertical glass stop to remain
When this faรงade was designed several cost cutting methods were exercised, the designers argued that openable windows were to complicated to install and sealed glazing would prevent dirt from entering the building with air and water, after all city air and smog was a problem in the 50s. Using tinted green windows allowed the faรงade to block 50% of conduct able solar heat energy (heat gain co efficient of 0.60)
Steel angle to be removed
Steel plate, angles, and channesl to be removed
Existing metal closures to be reused
Existing stainless-steel covers to be removed and replaced
Existing stainless-steel corner closures to be removed
Existing stainless-steel mullion caps to be removed
Existing vision glass to be removed
Existing vertical glass stop to remain
The architects knew that mullions made of carbon steel corrode easily, and when they corrode they expand and crack the glass. So to get around this problem, the designers capped the mullions with 16 gauge stainless steel, and also sealed the joints. However over decades the water found a way to creep back to the carbon steel and thus the glass began to fail. By the time it was refurbished almost all of the original glass had been replaced. The refurbishment was tedious and complicated, all of the gauge steel caps were scrapped as storage would have cost more than replacing them. The original carbon steel elements behind the glazing were treated with high performance paint.
continuous spandrel glass
New stainless-steel covers
TYPICAL CORNER Existing steel strap stiffener to be removed
NEW SECTION AT SPANDREL
Remove existing steel angle
Continuous seal at vertical joint
22-gauge stainless-steel vertical cover splice channel
1/8’ x 3/4’ x 1’ x 7/8’ long aluminium angle at each end
.090º painted shadow-box panel
1/8” continuous extruded aluminium closure
PRECEDENT STUDY
lever house “The wind force travels from glass panes to mullions to outriggers to the building's structural steel frame.The gravity load in the envelope travels from glass and cinder- block to facade framework to outriggers to the building's structural frame.”
air gap
“The success of the curtain wall as a sparkling skin depended on a regular use of a cleaning apparatus developed especially for the project. According to a "Fact Sheet" provided by Lever brothers (as of May 1994) it was established that it was more economical to wash the entire building than to wash the windows only in the traditional manner. The cleaning apparatus is stored on the roof. The windows are washed from a motor driven gondola suspended by a 10 1/2 T crane which runs around the parameter of the roof on standard railroad tracks. Vertically, the gondola is lintel steel T guided on nearly invisible flanged stainless shaped tracks mounted on every sixth vertical mullion.”
“To support the desired image of the thin skin the mullions had to be flush with the glass and the envelope sealed - there are no operable windows in this curtain wall. The practical aspects of a sealed building are reduction in noise level and dust penetration, but the main interest in sealing the building was an aesthetic one.”
Alejandro Quinto Connelly James
metal flashing
finished ceiling
slots fro drainage and venting
ventilation “The curtain wall was built as a "face sealed" system, based on the principal of keeping water out altogether. To control moisture, infiltration and condensation weepholes and flashing were provided at spandrel level. To make the spandrel as water tight as possible small "flaps" were placed over the weepholes in the metal frame. joining materials was a subject of experimentation - the sealant used was polysulphide.The cinder-block wall at the back of the glass serves as a "cavity wall" to resist wind driven rain.”
clips
blind pocket
heat resistant glass
sealant
12 gauge steel
INT
16 gauge stainless steel
EXT setting blocks of EPDM or neoprene
“About 3" behind the wired glass black cinder-block fire walls were set at the back of an air space. The air pocket was designed to avoid heat build-up in the glass; the walls were built to meet fire codes, as well as to mask floor slabs, radiators and the suspended ceiling with it's mechanical and electrical ducts.”
steel straps
slots for drainage and venting
solid cinder block
“The glass conceals the interior structure. Two types of glass panes were chosen. For the transparent areas a light blue green colored glass was picked not only for it's aesthetic, ethereal quality but also for it's heat absorption qualities. To achieve a consistent exterior surface, spandrels beneath the windows were glazed with smaller panes of wire glass to meet city codes.”
IMPORTANT. The source of that information about behaviour about the facade against climatic changes is next:
heat resistant wire glass
snap-on cap glazing gasket (EPDM, neoprene or PVC)
http://www.archdaily.com/61162/ad-classics-lever-house-skidmore-owings-merrill/
We know that that details and the last ones (preview pages) are different, but both was found in different sources and we don’t know which is more correct, so we used this to draw it and analyse carefully because the image had more quality and both could be equally valids.
FACADE DESIGN7
Materials research. Properties.
Material Density (kg/m3) Modulus of Rupture (N/mm2) Modulus of Elastcity (N/mm2) Thermal conductvity (W/m(K)) Hardness (N/mm2)
Laminated bamboo 577-750
PMMA
Curtain steel
Douglas fr
1.16-1.22
8000
520
76-168.6
30.3 - 100
170-320
68
19000
2240-3800
190000-210000
1300
0.5
0.19-0.24
0.16
0.5
3500-4500
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Laminated bamboo There are three main methods form laminating bamboo. -plate flattened, then laminated. -roller flattened, then laminated. -split, then laminated. The method we would choose for our design in the spit method, this results in a stalk of bamboo being split into many uniform piece, these pieces are treated and glued together in a press and stacked at alternative angles to create a versatile man made wood that can be used for many things. Our mixed laminated bamboo would be used structurally for mullions in our design. Compared to natural timber laminated bamboo is much stronger as it doesn't rely on wood grain direction, it more resistant to heat malfunction and expansion. Compared to PMMA laminated bamboo is much more useful in building, PMMA is mainly useful for aesthetic non load bear building elements. Laminated bamboo is stronger and not easily ruptured compared to PMMA which is quite brittle and not nearly as strong as any type of wood. PMMA has good thermal conductivity rating (0.22w/mk) compared to state of the art rigid insulation which is usually has a thermal conductivity value of 0.36w/mk PMMA could be used in harmony with a natural ventilation technique to trap heat against a façade, whilst at the same time reducing solar energy gain.
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Sketches new design.
VERTICAL DETAIL. HORIZONTAL MULLIONS SCALE 1:5 n
A
A’
A C
B
Section A-A’
Material
Description
Dimensions
1
PMMA
curved laminated PMMA panels for cladding facade. Translucid. 2500 x 600 mm
4 - 5 mm
2 3
PMMA
element of union
22 x 16 mm
PMMA
PMMA batton with cover of laminated bamboo cap
55 mm x 13 mm
4
bamboo
horizontal bamboo mullion profile cap with treatment against water
70 mm long
5
bamboo
horizontal laminated bamboo batton
100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm
6
bamboo
horizontal laminated of bamboo fixing shelf for PMMA cladding
100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm
7
bamboo
laminated horizontal batton
116 x 50 with void 34 x 53
8
bamboo
vertical laminated bamboo mullion
160 x 95 mm
9
bamboo
interior laminated bamboo mullion cap (horizontal) (varnished)
55 x 21 mm
10
aluminium
aluminium fixing for horizontal mullions/ battons
72 long; 9 mm thick
11
stainless steel
screws and bolt
screws 11mm diameter bolt 11 mm diameter
12
silicone
13
silicone seals for acoustic and weather resistants
rubber
14
rubber
rubber profile to supportand secure cladding rubber washer
15
glass
laminate glass with a sound control layer between the (3+3)
(3+3) - 8 - 4
16
concrete
300mm thick
17 18
concrete slab (existing structure)
bamboo
bamboo floor battens
31 x 28 mm
wool fibre aluminium
insulation material
31,8 thick
special profile
6 mm thick
19
Outside the existing structure of the building laminated bamboo mullions stand in front of the floor slabs. Between the floor slabs and behind he verticle bamboo mullion. Horizontal bamboo mullions hold the glass. In front of the verticle mullions PMMA cladding bamboo supported. The laminated bamboo mullions support PMMA cladding.
A. In front of the verticle mullions, PMMA cladding is supported. (far from the existing structure).
B. tall vertical laminated bamboo mullions sit in front of the floor slabs (outside of the existing structur
C. laminated bamboo mullions span horizontally and support glazing. (just inside the existing structure).
VERTICAL DETAIL. HORIZONTAL MULLIONS SCALE 1:2 n
Material
Description
Dimensions
1
PMMA
curved laminated PMMA panels for cladding facade. Translucid. 2500 x 600 mm
4 - 5 mm
2 3
PMMA
element of union
22 x 16 mm
PMMA
PMMA batton with cover of laminated bamboo cap
55 mm x 13 mm
4
bamboo
horizontal bamboo mullion profile cap with treatment against water
70 mm long
5
bamboo
horizontal laminated bamboo batton
100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm
horizontal laminated of bamboo fixing shelf for PMMA cladding
100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm
6
bamboo
1 8 11
12
bamboo
laminated horizontal batton
116 x 50 with void 34 x 53
8
bamboo
vertical laminated bamboo mullion
160 x 95 mm
9
bamboo
interior laminated bamboo mullion cap (horizontal) (varnished)
55 x 21 mm
10
aluminium
aluminium fixing for horizontal mullions/ battons
72 long; 9 mm thick
11
stainless steel
screws and bolt
screws 11mm diameter bolt 11 mm diameter
12
silicone
13
silicone seals for acoustic and weather resistants
rubber
14
rubber
rubber profile to supportand secure cladding rubber washer
15
glass
laminate glass with a sound control layer between the (3+3)
(3+3) - 8 - 4
16
concrete
300mm thick
17 18
concrete slab (existing structure)
bamboo
bamboo floor battens
31 x 28 mm
wool fibre aluminium
insulation material
31,8 thick
special profile
6 mm thick
1
3
11
14
12
7
6
4
7
19
11
13
2 9
5
10 10
VERTICAL DETAIL. HORIZONTAL MULLIONS SCALE 1:1 n
1
Material PMMA
Description
11
Dimensions
curved laminated PMMA panels for cladding facade. Translucid. 2500 x 600 mm
4 - 5 mm
5
1
2 3
PMMA
element of union
22 x 16 mm
PMMA
PMMA batton with cover of laminated bamboo cap
55 mm x 13 mm
4
bamboo
horizontal bamboo mullion profile cap with treatment against water
70 mm long
5
bamboo
horizontal laminated bamboo batton
100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm
6
bamboo
horizontal laminated of bamboo fixing shelf for PMMA cladding
100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm
7
bamboo
laminated horizontal batton
116 x 50 with void 34 x 53
8
bamboo
vertical laminated bamboo mullion
160 x 95 mm
9
bamboo
interior laminated bamboo mullion cap (horizontal) (varnished)
55 x 21 mm
10
aluminium
aluminium fixing for horizontal mullions/ battons
72 long; 9 mm thick
11
stainless steel
screws and bolt
screws 11mm diameter bolt 11 mm diameter
12
silicone
13
silicone seals for acoustic and weather resistants
rubber
14
rubber
rubber profile to supportand secure cladding rubber washer
15
glass
laminate glass with a sound control layer between the (3+3)
(3+3) - 8 - 4
16
concrete
300mm thick
17 18
concrete slab (existing structure)
bamboo
bamboo floor battens
31 x 28 mm
wool fibre aluminium
insulation material
31,8 thick
SILICONE
special profile
6 mm thick
STEEL
19
12 6
4
13 14
11
LAMINATED BAMBOO
12
BAMBOO
RUBBER
8 1
HORIONTAL DETAIL. VERTICAL MULLION SCALE 1:2 n
Material
Description
1
6
11
8
15
Dimensions
1
PMMA
curved laminated PMMA panels for cladding facade. Translucid. 2500 x 600 mm
4 - 5 mm
2 3
PMMA
element of union
22 x 16 mm
PMMA
PMMA batton with cover of laminated bamboo cap
55 mm x 13 mm
4
bamboo
horizontal bamboo mullion profile cap with treatment against water
70 mm long
5
bamboo
horizontal laminated bamboo batton
100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm
6
bamboo
horizontal laminated of bamboo fixing shelf for PMMA cladding
100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm
7
bamboo
laminated horizontal batton
116 x 50 with void 34 x 53
8
bamboo
vertical laminated bamboo mullion
160 x 95 mm
9
bamboo
interior laminated bamboo mullion cap (horizontal) (varnished)
55 x 21 mm
10
aluminium
aluminium fixing for horizontal mullions/ battons
72 long; 9 mm thick
11
stainless steel
screws and bolt
screws 11mm diameter bolt 11 mm diameter
12
silicone
13
silicone seals for acoustic and weather resistants
rubber
14
rubber
rubber profile to supportand secure cladding rubber washer
15
glass
laminate glass with a sound control layer between the (3+3)
(3+3) - 8 - 4
16
concrete
300mm thick
17 18
concrete slab (existing structure)
bamboo
bamboo floor battens
31 x 28 mm
wool fibre aluminium
insulation material
31,8 thick
SILICONE
special profile
6 mm thick
STEEL
19
5
LAMINATED BAMBOO BAMBOO
RUBBER
11
VERTICAL DETAIL. INTERMEDIATE FLOOR SECTION SCALE 1:2 1 8 11
11
12
6
4
1
19
11
14
12
7
13
2 5
10 10
17
18
16
RUBBER GRAVE
VERTICAL DETAIL. GROUND SCALE 1:5 n
Material
Description
Dimensions
1
PMMA
curved laminated PMMA panels for cladding facade. Translucid. 2500 x 600 mm
4 - 5 mm
2 3
PMMA
element of union
22 x 16 mm
PMMA
PMMA batton with cover of laminated bamboo cap
55 mm x 13 mm
SILICONE
4
bamboo
horizontal bamboo mullion profile cap with treatment against water
70 mm long
STEEL
5
bamboo
horizontal laminated bamboo batton
100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm
horizontal laminated of bamboo fixing shelf for PMMA cladding
100 x 50 with void 60 x 40 mm
6
bamboo
7
bamboo
laminated horizontal batton
116 x 50 with void 34 x 53
8
bamboo
vertical laminated bamboo mullion
160 x 95 mm
9
bamboo
interior laminated bamboo mullion cap (horizontal) (varnished)
55 x 21 mm
10
aluminium
aluminium fixing for horizontal mullions/ battons
72 long; 9 mm thick
11
stainless steel
screws and bolt
screws 11mm diameter bolt 11 mm diameter
12
silicone
13
silicone seals for acoustic and weather resistants
rubber
14
rubber
rubber profile to supportand secure cladding rubber washer
15
glass
laminate glass with a sound control layer between the (3+3)
(3+3) - 8 - 4
16
concrete
300mm thick
17 18
concrete slab (existing structure)
bamboo
bamboo floor battens
31 x 28 mm
wool fibre aluminium
insulation material
31,8 thick
special profile
6 mm thick
19
LAMINATED BAMBOO BAMBOO
RUBBER GRAVEL GROUND special aluminium profile to end the bottom of the facade
screws and bots to attach to the concrete structure
gravel to drain
waterproofing layer