Smart Buildings

1

Smart Buildings 2015 Hogeschool van Amsterdam Architecture technology Elisabeth van Battum

Joanna Rys & Alejandro Quinto

2

Assignment

Introduction

The global population produces ever increasing quantities of waste. Fossil energy resources are being depleted and more and more toxic substances are being released into the atmosphere. As a result, an envirnomental crisis is looming: rising temperatures, melting polar caps, floods, deforestation, pollution of the seas and land, animal species threatened with extinction, etc. Human activity means that the future of the earth is not so bright.

To limit damage to the environment, it is now desirable to reduce the amount of energy required and waste and pollution caused as a result of human activities, and various strategies have been conceived to achieve this.

1. Produce a preliminary design of the home at scale of 1:100, also drawing five basic details at a scale of 1:5. Any missing data, such as materials, thermal resistance of the cladding and dimensions may be added by yourself.

2. Map out all the materials used in the home and calculate for each component, floors, walls, roof, facade

openings, etc. the quantity of Embodied Energy. Installations may be disregarded for the purposes of this calculation.

3. Map out the lighting and equipment required in the home and calculate the annual energy requirement for each component. Then calculate the total annual requirement.

People, Plant, Profit considers sustainability to be an ideal balance between social, ecological and economic interests.

4. Using a general heat requirement calculation, calculate the specific heat requirement and then calculate

Trias Energetica is a strategy that is aimed at reducing the quantity of energy required during use. In general terms, we can identify three stages: reducing demand, using sustainable energy resources, and limiting the use of fossil fuels.

5. Calculate the quantity of hot and cold water that the residents will use annually and provide a breakdown

The quantity of Embodied Energy is an expression of the quantity of energy needed to make a building. Embodied Energy is the sum of all energy required to produce the materials, process them, deliver them and isntall them.

solar energy, wind energy and a heat pump can be used.

Demonstrate that the concept meets the requirements and show that the concept can be integrated into the design.

the annual heat requirement.

by activity. Calculate the quantity of energy required to meet the demand of hot and cold water.

6. Devise an installations concept for the home that would make it fully self-sufficient for its energy needs;

Specific activities - Produce a preliminary design for a sustainable home.

- Produce the basic details for a sustainable home - Take stock of the materials used, calcualte the quantity of Embodied Energy, and reduce the quantity of Embodied Energy.

- Take stock of the electrical equipment and lighting installed, and calculate the annual electrical energy consumption.

- Calculate a general heat requirement and then calculate the annual energy consumption for heating.

- Take stock of the annual consumption of hot and cold water, and then calculate the annual quantity of energy required to heat water.

- Develop a sustainable installations concept.

- Make a comparision between a traditional and a sustainable installation concept.

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Index. Content 0_Preliminary design

Project description (location, description, pictures) Plans and elevations (scale 1:100) five basic details (1:5)

1_Embodied Energy

Calculation about Embodied Energy for each component.

Reducing of the Embodied Energy

2_Lighting.

Map out the equipment in plans (scale 1:100) Electric diagram.

Annual energy requirement for each component and total annual requirement

3_Heating

Calcualtions about the specific heat requirement and annual heat requirement.

4_Water.

Calculations of quantity of hot and cold water that the residents use annually and the quantity of energy required to meet the demand of hot and cold water.

5_Conclusions

6_Installations concept

Develop a sustainable installations concept and make a comparision with a traditional one.

0_Preliminary

design

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Named for the tall pines that characterize this site on the Chesapeak Bay, this single family residence seeks to deeply fuse the natural elements of this barrier island to architectural form. Positioned between a dense grove of lobolly pines and a lush foreground of saltmeadow cordgrass and the bay, the architecture is formed about and within the elements of trees, tall grasses, the sea, the horizon, the sky and the western sun that define the place of the house.

0_Preliminary

design

5

0_Preliminary

design

6

0_Preliminary

design

7

0_Preliminary Elevations

design

8

0_Preliminary

design

3 4 5 6 7 8

Plans

9

SECOND FLOOR PLA N

Outdoor Deck Guest Bedroom Closet/Mechanical Room Mechanical Room Exterior Stair Spiral Stair

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Living Room Dining Room Kitchen Guest Bedroom Guest Bath Mechanical Room Glass Bridge Exterior Stair Landing Spiral Stair

ENTR Y

N FIRST FLOOR

N GROUND FLOO R

0

0

3 FT.

ENTR Y

1 M.

3 FT. 1 M.

N SECOND FLOO R

0

3 FT. 1 M.

0_Preliminary Sections

design

10

GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1 2 3 4 5

EAST-WEST SECTION THROUGH BRIDGE LOOKING SOUTH SCALE 1/8” = 1’

NORTH-SOUTH SECTION LOOKING EAST SCALE 1/8” = 1’

Gravel Wood Walkway Bamboo Garden Exterior Stair Mechanical Piles

0_Preliminary Details 1:5

design

11

POLYCARBONATE

EPDM MEMBRANE RIGID FOAM INSULATION PLYWOOD (x2) (2,5 cm)

FIBERGLASS INSULATION

PLYWOOD (1,27 cm)

BAMBOO PLYWOOD (1,27 cm)

FIBERGLASS INSULATION PLYWOOD (1,27 cm) CEDAR (1 cm)

PU SPRAY FOAM (5 cm) PLYWOOD (1,3 cm) CEMENT BOARD (1 cm) WOOD STUDS (3 cm) CEDAR (1cm)

PLYWOOD (1,3 cm)

VENEER PLYWOOD (1,3 cm)

ALUMINIUM BOSCH FRAME

ALUMINIUM BOSCH FRAME

GLASS (0,4 cm)

STEEL FRAME

POLYCARBONATE 1cm

ALUMINIUM BOSCH FRAME

1_Embodied

Energy

Calculations EXISTING

12

1_Embodied Calculations NEW

Energy

13

2_Lighting

14

Map out of the equipments in plans HEAT

HEAT

BATHROOM BEDROOM 1

HEAT

BEDROOM 2 STAIRS

STAIRS

OUTDOOR SPACE. PARKING AND ACCESS CORRIDOR HEAT

CORRIDOR BALCONY ENTR Y

LIVING ROOM

AUTOM

OUTDOOR STAIRS KITCHEN





BATHROOM BIG BEDROOM



HEAT



HEAT

LAUNDRY



HEAT

N FIRST FLOOR

N GROUND FLOO R

0



0



3 FT.

ENTR Y



1 M.



3 FT. 1 M.



AIR C.

DRESSING ROOM

N SECOND FLOO R

0

3 FT. 1 M.



2_Lighting

Electrical diagram and energy requirements

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

15

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

HEAT

HEAT

AIR C.

AUTOM

AIR C.

AUTOM

ANNUAL CONSUMPTION OFOF ELECTRICAL ENERGY ANNUAL CONSUMPTION ELECTRICAL ENERGY





  







   



   



































 HEAT  AIR C.

AIR C.























HEAT





AUTOM

 AUTOM 



















 





 











 



 



  

 



   

     









 

  



 



 



 

 





   

 

Approximate annual costcost of electrical energy of the house with Approximate annual of electrical energy of the house with4 4people people







Summary of the electrical of thesystem house of the house Summary ofsystem the electrical

 

    

ELECTRIC POWER TABLE ELECTRIC POWER TABLE

   

   









































 

 



       







   









     

















 











 









 

      

 















 



 

         





 







   









      

    

   

       



    



      



   

  

        







 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

       

     

       

      

      

















































 





























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3_Heating

Calculations (existing)

16

3_Heating Calculations (new)

17

4_Water

18

Calculations

5_Conclusions

If we look in the pie diagram we can see that 60 years after the waste of embodied energy is the biggest one. So, even the heating with the changes of the materials would have more or less the same amount of we can say that in a long term is a good decision due to the amount of embodied energy is the most worried one. Lighting and heating are almost insignificant in comparision with the other ones.

6_Installations General scheme

concept

19

NATURAL VENTIATION.

It creates natural ventilation and S t e a d y water-to-land breezes are generated.

S O L A R ENERGY.

RAIN WATER COLLECTOR

Rain is collected and saved in a pump to toilet use and washine machine.

solar energy is converted into electricity. Electricity is stored centrally within the development for increased efficiency

SUN PROFIT

Polycarbonate system windows and accordion-doors provide to the house light and at the same time privacity. It can be opened to leave the air go into in case of warm days and can be closed to rain days but leaving light go inside. It create a lot of possibilities.

FAKE PILES

Some of the wood piles are used to hide the installations into, we want to profit this design to hide as well some of our installations.

NORTH-SOUTH SECTION LOOKING EAST SCALE 1/8� = 1’

cars are given low priority and by raising pedestrian and cycle networks a clear hierarchy is established: hoever provision is still made for access, delivery and parking to the house

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY FROM THE SEA.

tank ranwater collector

geothermal heat pump for supplementary heating/cooloing depends season

SEA

6_Installations Sun profit and ventilation

concept

20

SUN PROFIT AND VENTILATION

131

7.17

At midday, with bifolding doors in the high position to deflect the sun’s rays.

7.18

In the late afternoon, with bifolding doors in the semiopen position to filter incoming light

The project has already some sustainable conditions which make it special due to the polycarbonate panels and also about the accordion-style doors.

In the left drawings we can see how are the differents situations are and how work the elements.

Also, the building take the advantage of basic principles of ventilation to manipulate natural pressure differentials.

Seasonal temperature differences generate steady water-toland breezes, particularly in the evenings. Because there are only a few operable windows and doors on the east facade, the house become an oversized fan chamber when the adjustable facade is compeltely open. Pressure generated by large volumes of air-entering from 5.26 the west and seeking to leave through small apertures to the east-produces interior differentials, even when winds are slight.

172

7.17 At midday, with bifolding doors in the high

7.19

During the early evening, with bifolding doors lowered to filter the sun’s extreme angle

7.18 In the late afternoon, with bifolding doors in the

7.20

In the closed position, the bifolding doors provide storm protection and trap solar heat in an air pocket between the two glazing system

In all but the most humid conditions, air circulating through the house cools the spaces and its occupants. the accordion-style doors can be turned 5.26 Section of bilayer facade to an infinite number of positionsthebased on external conditions, admitting more5.27 or less air, as desired. Similarly, window and doors on theand east wall can be left rain, wind, solar radiation open, partially open, or closed to control the wind’s speed as it enters and exits. Lobolly House may be rooted to the ground

5.27

6_Installations

Solar and geothermal energy

concept

SOLAR POWER

Energy sourse with no CO2 emission.

37 - PV (photo-voltage) cells producing electricity.

- Solar water heating system.

1 m2 PV cells deliver 100 W/m2 peak. Depending on orientation and systems 49 to 122 kWh/m2 yearly.

With an average usage of 3500 kW/h 30 to 70 m2 per household estimated is necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

21

If we look into our floor area, we can see how many solar panels we are able to put into.

In the plan below we can see that we’re able to put 54 solar panels in our roof (1,65 x 1)m; 1,7 m2 each and with a deliver of 250W each. What that’s means is we have 91,8 m2 of solar energy and 13,5kW/h. Consequently, knowing that we need around 30-40m2 or 3500kW/h per household we have energy avialbe to around 2,5-3 hoseholds.

How much we can save on electricity bills? The Energy Saving Trust estimates a typical 4kWp system can kcock 188€ off a family’s bills each year. Electricity prices are predicted to rise massively over the next 20 years, which means the amount you would save would as well.

Also we could use some of them like a solar water heating system, but due to the building is situated near the sea, we think is like a better option to use

ENTR Y

N SECOND FLOO R

0

3 FT. 1 M.

5.8

USING SEAWATER TO HEAT AND COOL THE HOUSE

In the existing house, water passing through built-in plastic piping provides radiant heat for the entire house, carries hot and cold water to faucets and appliances, and supports the distribution of wastewater.

Also flexible microducts distribute conditioned air and provide ventilation to the cartridges. (detail below) So due to the building is situated near the sea we want to profit this situation to help heating and cooling the house and also for hot water.

Sea water is heated by the sun and retains this warmth for a long period of time. This warm can provide heating to the floors like a core activation system with the pipes situated in the cartridges and also hot water to shower among others.

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3.3

6_Installations

concept

22

Installation through the piles and rainwater collector

PILES

Some of the wood piles are ‘fake’. As we can see in the drawings of the left, some of them are structural, and some are mechanical, helping to installatoins (water, gas, electric and telephon line...) can go throw them. Therefore, our idea is to use this system as well to take the water of the sea to the building to cooling and heating.

3.4

RAINWATER COLLECTOR SYSTEM 3.3 Parametric model of the canted piles

We want also collect the water from the rain to accumulate it for reuse on-site. It would be used for garde, water for livestock, water for irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment...

3.4 Utility diagram, with two hollowed piles enclosing conduits for water and power

In adittion, we contemplate the possibilitie to adapt this rainwater collector to a rainwater harvesting system with potable water production (trough filtering). Because of our building is located in the middle of the forest near to the sea, without near city area, it would be great to have also water available for shower, cook, drink, etc.