Storyboard Masters Thesis ASAhtar Volta Delta Basin, Ghana rev 2017.12.21.21.00
CONTENTS
Keta Defense Line - image taken from Google Images, edited by @asahtar
I. INTRODUCTION Fascination Posed Problems Research Goal Research Questions Relevance Site Analysis
III. DESIGN Design Phases Masterplan design Neighbourhood design Technical attributes to the design
II. METHODOLOGY Design Principles (Literature review) Scenario Comparison Study Design Experimentation On-site Design Experiment
IV. CONCLUSIONS Discussions
INTRODUCTION
Fascination In it’s current state, the coastline is eroding 1-2 meters per year in the Volta Delta Basin area. This large amount of coastal erosion is due to several factors such as sediment build up in Lake Volta, wind and wave power from the Atlantic Ocean, mangrove deforestation, etc. Settlements are formed along the estuary area, and are vulnerable to the coastal erosion and flooding. The water flows inward from the river as well as the sea, which results in a very dynamic landscape in the basin. This thesis will be about protective measures in the area using resilient infrastructures to help protect the coastline. Having grown up in a coastal metropolis, problems such as flooding has also been iminent in my hometown. Indonesia, as an archipelago, also has many coastal and delta cities, which has become a fascination of mine to study further in the field of landscape architecture. Water management, natural processes, and urban infrastructures are among the
principles that be used in the spirit of this thesis. Posed Problem The two main problems found in the development of Ghana’s coastline is the coastal erosion and livelihood of the people living along the coast. Erosion is happening at high rates, up to eight meters per year, and will create a change in the landscape of the coast in the coming years. Protection measures such as groynes, and sand dunes have been built to help protect the coast but is only a temporary solution. In Kewunor erosion and flooding occurs from the Volta River currents, and in Totopey the sand dunes are blown inland by the strong winds flooding the houses with sand. . There is a strong sense of place in the village of Kewunor (in the estuary area), and they are willing for development to happen if they are involved in the process. The estuary is the most dynamic of the landscape, as it is where the ocean and river
on average 1-2 meters of erosion along the coast - source
currents meet, resulting in an ever-changing landscape in the area. In Keta and Anloga, urbanization has happened already along the highland and towards the lagoon, with the lowlands being used as agricultural and farmland. This agriculture and farmland is mainly produced for local markets in the area, creating a self-sustaining ecosystem. The lagoons are currently in a stable state of brackish water, used for aquaculture. However, if the erosion of the coast keeps on happening, a breakthrough of saltwater into the lagoon will result in a new landscape within the lagoon, changing its dynamics and ecosystem. This coastal erosion is also due to the sediments being collected in Lake Volta because of the Akosombo Dam, which should have been transported to the coastline providing proper nourishment. As the sediments seep in the lake once the river opens, it results in a small percentage of the < sediments reaching the dam itself, making Volta Delta basin area, the sediment transport through the lake even with areas of coastal erosion and threatened more difficult. biodiversity indicated
Research Goals • • • • • •
Self sustaining community Maintain the dynamics of the landscape Resilient and protected community Create a diverse ecosystem Maintain and control the urbanization Protection of the current habitat
> Initial mood board mind map by author to help explain his way of design thinking. Three lenses are become the factors that are Past (Environment), Present (Socioeconomic), and Future (Transportation Logistics)
architecture. This particular type of landscape, is difficult to predict, as the factors that change it is uncertain. This uncertainty leads in a needv to protect, and find balance from these dynamics, or mitigate, and leave the dynamics to change the landscape.
Research Questions
Site Analysis The site, located in the Volta Delta Basin...
• How will the landscape of the Volta Delta Basin change in the coming 20-50 years? • What are the cause and effect relations between the livelihood and environment in the Volta Delta Basin? • What measures can be taken in protecting a coastal landscape in the Volta Delta Basin? • What kind of spaces can be formed along the Volta Delta Basin?
• Dynamics of the Landscape • Projection of how the landscape will change in the coming years in its current state • Dynamics of the Ecosystem • Livability of the area, and how the natural and urban ecosystem functions • Socio-economic rotation of the area • Critical points between the natural risks and socio-economic risks
Relevance Dynamic landscapes has long been in discussion in the field of landscape
> Photo montage of initial concept with green infrastructure as defence
Ada Sattelite Image
Ada Land Cover
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Ada Height Map
Ada Topography
Keta Sattelite Image
Keta Land Cover
volupiet omniscil mo verum et late et lam fugit oditem ipsaept uribus ex et ullatin culpa quibus, se ducium eos dolo conseditae. Eped eatatur, sint, sedis voluptur aut lautempos dolesec tuscien debisqu odisci dit volum quos si num voluptatus aut quatem ius ditis aut earcil molut aut volendi gnisimi litiorepe si iunt
ullatin culpa quibus, se ducium eos dolo conseditae. Eped eatatur, sint, sedis voluptur aut lautempos dolesec tuscien debisqu odisci dit volum quos si num voluptatus aut quatem ius ditis aut earcil molut aut volendi gnisimi litiorepe si iunt
ipsaept uribus ex et ullatin culpa quibus, se ducium eos dolo conseditae. Eped eatatur, sint, sedis voluptur aut lautempos dolesec tuscien debisqu odisci dit volum quos si num voluptatus aut quatem ius ditis aut earcil molut aut volendi gnisimi litiorepe si iunt
doluptate nitae ne ratem volupiet omniscil mo verum et late et lam fugit oditem ipsaept uribus ex et ullatin culpa quibus, se ducium eos dolo conseditae. Eped eatatur, sint, sedis voluptur aut lautempos dolesec tuscien debisqu odisci dit volum quos si num voluptatus aut quatem ius ditis aut earcil molut aut volendi gnisimi litiorepe si iunt
Keta Height Map
Keta Topography
Methodology
< scenarios I, imagined by
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Scenario Comparison Study The scenarios will be done by looking into two main issues as the factors which are:
Kewunor and Totopey • Scenario 3: Volta Delta Islands [Wadden Sea]Let the whole coast erode, leading to urbanization to the higher land towards north of lagoon leaving the vulnerable area to erode, bring in development and technological advances
1. Natural processes: Disaster - Protected 2. Socio-economy (Livelihood): Traditional – Technology • Scenario 1: Volta Delta Basin What will happen if stop the protection in the area? Breaches from the ocean might occur in the and the salt water will intrude to the lagoons creating large salt water things. Abrasion and sedimentation will stop, as the noursihments from Lake Volta will decrease with a spike in energy demand, the Dam will workfaster, creating a higher speed of sediment transport and build-up in the dam and lake. • Scenario 2: Volta Delta Spit Mangrove plantations and breakwater on critical points of the coast and letting parts of the coast to erode. Re-creating this spit might be a solution to save the towns of
• Scenario 4: Volta Delta Polders [Utopia] Protect the coastline with infrastructures and bring in technological advances for the livelihood Design Experimentation Designing with natural processes requires a
> Past and present state of the Volta Delta Basin dynamics
< Problems, and Scenario method sketch
On-Site Design Participation As a design process, on-site design participation may be needed to get the best result in the programs needed to cater to the needs of the citizens. By giving several alternative designs out of the output from the scenario design, we can achieve a more conclusive result in the conclusion of what
the community really wants, and to how we implement the design goals. Design participation can be done with interviews, but interaction to me is one of the upmost importance. An interaction with the design itself, the spaces that will be created, must be seen by the users for the long run. If the users cannot imagine how their space will be changed, how can we ensure them to accept the spaces we provide?
> Interview with the community stakeholders. Kewunor, Ada, Ghana
> Meeting children coming home from public school. Totopey, Ada, Ghana
Present Tense, Past Tense. Image by @asahtar
DESIGN
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CONCLUSIONS
Discussions The research will result in a set of scenario studies on the dynamics and development of the Volta Delta Basin landscape. The dynamic landscape of the coast creates multiple scenarios, creating various spaces that can be formed in the area, and how it will relate to the livelihood and the natural ecosystem of the area. Design experimentation through a workhsop with modelling will help prove the dynamic properties and principles. The forming of sea channels as in the wadden sea, or the shaping from the â&#x20AC;&#x153;spitâ&#x20AC;? to islands might also be an interesting experiment. On-site design is a bottom-up approach to the design excercise. After concluding the results from the scenarios study, we can bring several alternatives or programs that the community wants or needs, with a spatial participatory design workshop.
GLOSSARY
Abrasion: Basin: Delta: Ecosystem: Erosion: Scenario: Sedimentation: Spit: Urbanization: Transmigration: