A game of Volleyball, a er the hec c study schedule. Students of Allen Coaching Ins tute, Landmark CIty, Kota.
“Children learn as they play. More importantly, in play, children learn how to learn� - O. Fred Donaldson
AR - 632 Urban Design Studio Abhishek Palit 19510002 Navneet Kumar 19510006
Content Page
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Introduc on............................................................................................................ 02 Educa onal City - Kota............................................................................................ 04 Analysis of Dadabadi Area (Study Area 1 )............................................................. 07 Ground Maps of Dadabadi......................................................................................09 Analysis of a Node at Dadabadi.............................................................................. 13 Introduc on.............................................................................................................14 Walkability Analysis..................................................................................................17 Ac vity Analysis........................................................................................................18 Parametric Analysis of the Node..............................................................................19
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Kota Fort and River Front in 19th Century
Introduc on
Kota, a provincial city in the western state of Rajasthan in India, located approximately 250 km south of Jaipur, tradi onally known for its royal princely culture, typical Kota stone, tex les and other manufacturing industries, shot into prominence in the first decade of the twenty-first century, due to its evolu on as a hub for shadow educa on, which trains students to succeed in the admission tests to elite higher educa on ins tu ons such as Indian Ins tutes of Technology (IITs), Na onal Ins tutes of Technology (NITs), and the All India Ins tute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). About one third of the selec ons for undergraduate courses in IITs in par cular are said to be from those who went to these cram schools in Kota, designa ng the city as the ‘cram school capital’, ‘coaching capital’, ‘Kota factory’, ‘Kota System’, ‘mecca of private coaching’. Thousands of students (rough es mates suggest that more than 100,000 students) migrate to this city every year, some mes alone and some mes along with their parents and siblings, to prepare for highly compe ve entrance examina ons, with an intent and dream of making it through the portals of higher educa on. For these students and their families, the city of Kota represents an aspira on, a pathway to success, and a necessary stop-over in reaching their career des ny or life goal.
Industries in Kota
The transforma on of Kota from being a tradi onal provincial small town to an industrial and commercial city to an educa onal city is unprecedented in the history of urban growth in India. Evidences of towns and ci es shaping up as centers of educa on are all well documented by many historians in the past. However, instances of produc on of a city space that is wholly built around a par cular ‘non-industrial’ – rather post-industrial voca on of training of young minds for higher social mobility through a provision of what is known as ‘parallel’ or ‘shadow’ educa on is refreshingly rare and new. This new phenomenon is yet to catch the a en on of geographers, sociologists, educa onists and other social scien sts and thus makes it a curious case to explore the factors that made the city a household name among the aspiring middle class families in the en re country in general, and in the Northern parts of India, in par cular. What is even striking is that the city of Kota never had a culture of coaching ins tu ons prior to the 1990s, except for a few home tutors that were available for local children who wanted an addi onal academic support, along with their regular classroom learning in the mainstream schools.
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Kota on Map of India
Kota on Map of Rajasthan
Kota District Map
Land Use Map of Kota
4 Emergence of ‘New’ Kota as an Educa on Hub The shape, form and structure of the city changed dras cally towards the close of the century and in the first few years of the new century. This change, interes ngly, began with the success story of an engineer-turned-teacher-turned-educa on capitalist, called V K Bansal, who had to leave his job at J K Synthe cs, a chemical firm producing nylon, which became a sick unit and subsequently closed down in 1983. Bansal’s problem was not with the closure of his firm, but with the Muscular Dystrophy that hit him in the early years of his joining J K Synthe cs: he had earned a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from Benares Hindu University. Bansal, a na ve of Jhansi in U ar Pradesh, had to look for new ways to fend for his livelihood and found teaching as the most convenient voca on for himself. One account suggests that he was advised by the doctor examining him to make teaching an occupa on as he was wheel chair bound due to Muscular Dystrophy. It is an undisputed fact that Bansal’s venture into private tui on was the corner stone of the revival of Kota – from the slumber industrial sickness, closures and lock-outs, and social and communal tensions brought upon the city in the 1980s and early 1990s. Mathema cs was the subject which Bansal taught to a small group of students in the neighborhood ini ally. Punit Pandey, a 48 year old Execu ve Vice-President of a firm today. Once the industrial unit of J K Synthe cs was closed due to what was said to be disrup ons by the labor unions and loss making, Bansal, along with two of his colleagues, who were engineers and scien sts like him and who had lost their jobs to the lock-out, started full-fledged tui on and coaching classes. This culminated in the se ng up of M/S Bansal Classes as a private limited company. What began as an informal tui on centre has now become a full-fledged business and commercial venture. As the numbers of students seeking coaching and the aspira ons of the founders of Bansal Classes grew, the parent ins tute Bansal Classes split and both the partners who joined Bansal ini ally went their ways and set up their own coaching ins tutes as companies or partnership firms. Today, as per the records of the District Administra on, there are around 130 registered coaching ins tutes in Kota. This number is a gross understatement as many more hundreds of coaching ins tutes thrive without any sort of registra on or formal licensing. They func on as unorganized business en es (in other words as teaching shops) in the city. If we take into account the individual teachers who independently provide tui ons in their area of exper se in a par cular subject, then the number of such en es is enormous. Most of these ins tutes and tui on centers are located in the length and breadth of the city of Kota, but heavily concentrated in what is now, in popular parlance,called ‘New’ Kota, namely the areas in the South of the city, along the Rawatbhata and Jhalawar Roads and around the industrial township of IL. Some of the popular and densely situated areas for shadow educa on, to list a few, are Talwandi, Indra Vihar, Vigyan Nagar, Jawan Nagar, Jawahar Nagar, Mahavir Nagar Phases I, II and III, Indira Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Ladpura, Dadabari, Vallabhbari, Dadwara, Gulabbari, Shastri Nagar, Teachers’ Colony, Nayapura, Jhalawar Road, Garden Road, New Post office Road, etc. Most of these areas developed in response to and with the demand from the growing shadow educa on boom which began to shape the urban land use and town planning policies, and measures which are discussed in the next sec on. However, it is important to stress that this expansion of shadow educa on areas in the new city of Kota made it characterized as an ‘educa onal city’. The State agencies, the media, the public at-large in Kota designate their city today as ‘educa onal’.
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Map Showing loca on of Coaching Ins tutes in the City
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Analysis of Dadabadi Area
(Study Area - 1)
8 Introduc on The Dadabadi Zone is located at the South West corner of Kota City. The Zone has a residen al character with defined edges along the west being the Chambal river and the Na onal Highway. The East edge is characterized by the Nala running along. The Dadabadi has a major land composed with residentail neighborhood character. The RAC Ground located at the South center of the zone which is the major open space of the zone.
Land Use Analysis of Dadabadi The Dadabadi Area in Kota has a highly dense Residen al Landuse. The Net Landuse can be classified into eight different types of land parcels. The eight different types of uses are: Residen al - This accounts for 52% of the total area of Dadabadi. The residen al areas are densely packed with proper planned sectors and colonies. However, the North West zone is not well planned with highest density of houses. Mixed Use - 12% of the total area of Dadabadi has a Mixed Use land use typology. The mixed use generally comprise of small shops and markets on the ground and upper floor, with residen al homes on the top floors. Commercial - The commercial land use take up area of around 5%. This generally comprise of Hotels, Restuarants, Hospitals etc. Ins tu onal - The zone has very less ins tu onal land use, accoun ng to only 2%. Green Open Spaces - The Green Open spaces have geen categorized into three types :Open ground, Campus Ground and Residen al Parks. The green spaces account for a total of 26% of the total area of Dadabadi with major open ground spaces.
Map of Kota showing Dadabadi Area (Study Area)
Water Body - The zone also has two nalas or water channel which originate from the chambal. These nalas are majorly used by the ca le grazers.
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Landuse Map
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Figure Ground Map The Figure ground map of Dadabadi Area in Kota illustrates the rela onship between built and unbuilt spaces. Land coverage of buildings is visualized as solid mass (ďŹ gure), while public spaces formed by streets, parks and plazas are represented as voids (ground). The percentage of built spaces to unbuilt spaces at Dadabadi Area is 55%. The RAC Ground is a signiďŹ cant open space that impacts the density of built spaces in the area.
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Building Height Map
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Green Spaces Map
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Analysis of Basant Vihar at Dadabadi Node 1
14 Introduc on The Basant Viahr Node at Dadabadi has a Residen al character with mixed use and commercial usages. The street character is of a typical dense neighborhood with houses and shops on either side of the road. The housing are majorly two to three oors on an average height. There is provosion of open spaces like parks and grounds. The streets are typically 10 m to 15 m wide with pedestrian walkways on either sides. The major roads have high traďŹƒc during the day and the mixed use typology of plots are located majorly along the major roads. The neighborhood is a typical indian resien al locality with edges along the South and West. The south edge has markets which are majorly vegetables and fruits sellers. While the west edge of the area is demarcated by commercial shops.
3D Axonometric View of Node
The Figure Ground map of the Basand Viahr Node demarcates the rela onsgip of built and unbuilt spaces in the zone. The map highlights the density of built spaces which enclose or bound open spaces. The Green spaces map highlights the open spaces of the node which are marked by parks and grounds.
Green Spaces Map
Figure Ground Map
15 The Basant Vihar Node has majorly two typology of streets being - Commercial Street and the neighborhood streets. The Commercial Street has a high traffic density and is a busy street with width of 12 to 15 meters. The neighborhood residen al streets are calmer with less traffic and major movement of pedestrians and residents. The residen al streets are connected to the major commercial streets in a grid iron fashion. The Land use at Basant Viahr is majorly dominated by residen al typology, with mixed use typologies having shops on the ground and upper floors with residen al on the top floors. The mixed use typology of usage is located majorly near the commercial major streets facing them. The commercial plots comprise of hotel and shopping complexes. The node also has green open spaces as community parks which are surrounded and majorly used by the residen al zone.
Street Hierarchy
Land Use of the Node
A A'
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Y Y' X X'
Node Sec ons B B'
Sec on XY
Sec on X'Y'
Sec on A'B'
Sec on AB
Walkability Walkability is a measure of how friendly an area is to walking. Walkability has health, environmental, and economic benefits. Factors influencing walkability include the presence or absence and quality of footpaths, sidewalks or other pedestrian rights-of-way, traffic and road condi ons, land use pa erns, building accessibility, and safety. The Node at Basant Vihar in Dadabadi has a low walkability along the Main roads, due to open garbage disposal and odour of garbage and open urinifica on. The main streets also have high noise levels, low vegeta on and no shading which makes it prone to low walkability. The internal neighborhood streets are much more quite and walkable due to shade and natural vegeta on along the parks and roads. The internal roads also have less traffic which makes them more walkable.
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Walkability Map
Noise Map
Sensory Map - Smell
Shadow Map
18 Ac vity Mapping at Basant Vihar, Dadabadi The Basant Vihar Node is majorly a Residen al Neighborhood with the major ac vity happpening throughout the days by the Residents of the Neighborhood. There are numerous vendor shops on the southern main Road of the Node. The Parks and open spaces have the resident ac vi es with some on street hawkers moving in the residen al society. The major streets have commercial ac vi es with shops and businesses that a ract the studnets and residents of the place. The students are very less living in this zone, as there are no coaching ins tutes nearby.
Ac vity Map
Ac vi es during dierent me and day varia ons
Parametric Analysis of Basant Vihar Node 1. Mobility and Access
1 Points
4. Illumina on
The Node is connected to the Major Commercial Streets which are connected to the Na onal Highway. The residen al Streets connect to the commercial street in a Grid Iron Pa ern.
2. Ac vity Zones
Lesser number od bicycle users. No seperate parking for bicycles No seperate lanes for bicycling. Conflict Points -
3 Points
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Total Points - 24/39
7. Presence of Vegeta on
10. Events Congrega on
Insufficient Vegeta on in the Node with a few residen al parks.
No specific events related to students happen in the open spaces.
11. Flexibility Very less flexibilty of spaces seen in the node. The only flexible spcace is the on street vending zone.
5. Pedestrian Orientedness
8. Degree of Openess
Ac vi es in the Node are majoly residen al and commercial ac vi es like shops and on street vending. Absence of Student ac vi es. Open spaces are predominantly residen al parks which are used by the residents.
3. Bicycle Orientedness
2 Points
The open spaces are located at the centre of the residen al neighborhood.
9. Physical Permeability
6. Spa al Cohesion
The park is used by the local residents which enhance the interac on of the people. The commercial streets also cater to social cohesion through interac on of people.
12. Degrada on/ Pollu on The node has different points of open drainage. There are spaces with open urinifica on and open garbage disposal.
13. Safety and Security
Most of the parks in the node is enclosed on all four sides by buildings. The parks are not well maintained and with low illumina on.
Map showing unsafe areas
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