Kawetire forest plantation management plan

United Republic of Tanzania MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM TANZANIA FORESTRY SERVICES AGENCY

KAWETIRE FOREST PLANTATION

A

MANAGEMENT PLAN

UGUST

(2013/14 - 2011/18)

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APPROVAL AND DISTRIBUTION This Management plan for Kawetire Forest Plantation has been prepared and compiled by Plantation Manager and approved by the Chief Executive Officer.

Prepared by; Zawadi D. Gerana Manager – Kawetire Forest Plantation Approved by; Juma S. Mgoo Chief Executive Tanzania Forest Services (TFS)

Approving date: August 2013

Signature..........................

Distribution of copies The plantation Manager shall produce at least 17 copies of the approved plan which shall be distributed as follows; - Project Manager (2); - Chief Executive Officer (TFS) (10); - Forestry Training Institute Olmotonyi (1); - Forestry Industries Training Institute (1); - Sokoine University of Agriculture (1); - TAFORI (1); - TTSA (1);

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This plan describes the management objectives of Kawetire Forest Plantation for the period of five years from 2013/14 to 2017/18. The goals of this management plan are: to ensure sustainable supply of raw materials to forest based industries and other users; and to ensure that protective functions of forests are observed all over the area under the plantation management thereby conserving water sources, enhancing ecosystem stability and biodiversity conservation. In order to achieve these goals during the planed period replanting of open areas will be done, carry out different tending operations, protect the forest against various damages, and also regulate harvesting to conform to approved felling schedules. Furthermore riverines will be left undisturbed during forest resources harvesting activities for about 50m on both sides. The forest plantation will also ensure protection of natural forests and biodiversity in foots of Mount Meru. The other conservation activities include protection against cultivation on steep slopes and on water sources.

The development of this plan was guided by existing policies and laws, ecological and socio-economic studies conducted inside and outside the plantation, information from existing documents/ files and personal communications with key stakeholders.

Data for this plan was collected by the Forest Inventory Section in collaboration with Kawetire Forest Management. Field work took place in November 2012; this data provided information for determination of standing and allowable volume. The standing volume was 137,439 mÂł. The age class distribution of the plantation is uneven meaning that the forest is not normal. Therefore the objective of this plan is to regulate the forest to attain normal forest. In order to have a normal forest, harvesting will not exceed allowable cut. In this forest allowable cut has been estimated to be 17,905 m3/year.

During the planning period the main species to be planted at Kawetire Forest Plantation includes Pinus patula, and Eucalyptus Spp. The choice of species is based on performance and demand. Land preparation will be done by taungya system. Planting will be done during the short rains (December-February) and if not completed planting will be continued during the long rains in March to April. Replanting and beating up targets for the planning period is 297ha and 257ha respectively. Also planting of 525 ha will be done in the extension area. A total of 24compartments will be planted in the plan period.

Weeding in young plantations will also be done through taungya system for three consecutive years. The method of weeding used in the forest plantation will be manual.

Pruning will be done at the age of 4, 6 and 8 years during dry season to reduce the chances of fungal and insect attack through wounds. First thinning at 10 yrs and second at 15yrs will be done for stands that were established with a spacing of 3m x 3m. For stands that were established with a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m, there will be three thinning regimes, which are first at 10yrs, second at 14yrs and third at 18yrs. The methods to be used for thinning will be selective. Trees to be removed will be marked before harvesting.

During the planning period there will be a construction of 10km of new access road at the extension area. The road will be of murrum standard. In the same period the plantation will maintain about 61.5km of forest roads.

The intention is to maintain all the roads to make the plantation accessible whenever possible.

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There will be a construction of 4 buildings. At the same time maintenance of the 24 buildings will be done throughout the plan period.

During the plan period 1 vehicle (lorry – long base) and 4 motor cycles will be procured during the plan period for different plantation activities. A total of 3 vehicle and 4 motor cycles will be maintained. Replacement of unserviceable tools and equipment will be done during the plan period. The Forest Manager will request replacement of one generator. Equipment earmarked for disposition will be sold out during the planning period.

Also the Forest Plantation will improve communication facilities by purchasing and installing internet services, fax, landline telephone, TV and Radio Call sets. The use of mobile phones is also encouraged as it facilitates the communication between staff and other plantation stakeholders for official and private purposes. Limited air time will be provided strategically to facilitate communication between staff members.

Taped water from rivers will continue to supply water for both domestic and nursery use. The system to be used under the plan period will be water flows by gravity to the main tank located at high elevation at the station through pipelines, and flows to the nursery and to the staff houses. However, the water system is old and during the planning period will be rehabilitated.

In order to improve Kawetire Forest Plantation social services of staff and their families, the management will support the Kawetire Dispensary whenever necessary. The forest management will also encourage and support workers and their families to participate in sports and games such as football and netball.

The plantation manager will strive to cover the staff deficit of 10 staff. Recruitments of temporary staff will be initiated by the Forest Manager whenever need arises. In the planning period, a total of 36 staff will be trained through short courses/on job training in order to improve their working capacities. The long term training programmes will be financed by the TFS. The aim is to ensure that all staff are competent in their working areas.

A total of Tshs 3,642,470,000 will be collected from the sale of forest produces during the plan period.

However, the plantation should also try to create other sources of revenues such as sawmilling, hiring out of plants, camping sites and eco-tourism. Staff salaries will continue to be paid by the TFS. During the plan period, the plantation will be protected from fire, diseases and pests. Natural forests that cover 1163ha and mostly located along the rivers and on valleys will be protected and conserved for their biodiversity and water catchment values During the management plan period, the plantation will spend a total amount of TSh. 2,715,665,731 for implementing planned operations as detailed in Tables 25 to 28.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The management of Kawetire Forest Plantation would like to take this opportunity to thank Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) to approve the budget which enabled the inventory exercise to be carried out smoothly. I express my sincere thanks to Inventory teams for their dedication to carry out the task.

I also appreciate the contribution provided by the Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation (FoNC) of the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) in terms of data analysis and guidance for preparation of this plan.

Last but not least I express my gratitude to the staff of Kawetire Forest Plantation specifically the Management Team for their cooperation and team work in preparation of this Five Years Management Plan (2013/14 2017/18).

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Contents APPROVAL AND DISTRIBUTION

i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS

v

LIST OF TABLES

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

xii

LIST OF APENDICES

xii

INTRODUCTION xiii CHAPTER ONE

1

1.0

1

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTATION

1.1

Geographical location

1

1.2

HISTORY, SIZE AND PROGRESS OF THE PLANTATION

1

1.2.1

History

1

1.2.1.1 Division of the plantation

1

1.2.1.2 Legal Status and Ownership

2

1.2.2

2

1.3 1.3.1

Progress of the Plantation during the last Management Plan LAND

3

Topography

3

1.3.2 Geology and soils

3

1.3.3 Biodiversity

3

1.3.4 Hydrology

4

1.3.5 Special features

4

1.4

CLIMATE

4

1.4.1

Rainfall distribution and Reliability

4

1.4.2

Humidity

4

1.4.3

Wind

4

1.5

GROWING STOCK

5

1.5.1

Forest inventory

5

1.5.1

Growing stock by age classes

5

1.5.2

Inventory Results

6

1.5.2.1 Site classes

7

1.5.2.2 Current Annual Increment (CAI)

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1.5.2.3 Health, vitality and stocking density

8

1.5.2.4 Management units

8

1.6

UTILIZATION 8

1.6.1 Markets

8

1.6.2

Harvesting

9

1.6.3

Other uses of forest land

9

1.7

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 9

1.7.1. Forest Fires

9

1.7.2. Man and domestic Animal

9

1.7.3. Wild Animals

10

1.7.4. Pests and Diseases

10

1.7

CAPITAL INVESTMENTS 10

1.7.1

Roads

10

1.7.2

Buildings and installations

10

1.7.3

Vehicles, plants and equipments

11

1.7.4

Communication facilities

11

1.7.5

Power and water supply

11

1.8

ADMINISTRATION

11

1.8.1

Organization

11

1.8.2

Manning level

12

1.9

SOCIAL SERVICES 12

1.9.1

Heath

12

1.9.2

Education

12

1.9.3

Religion

12

1.9.4

Shopping facility

13

1.9.5

Recreational facilities

13

CHAPTER TWO 15 2.0

DIRECTIVES 15

2.1

OVERALL GOAL

15

2.1.1

Wood production

15

2.1.2

Conservation

15

2.2

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

15

2.2.1

Silviculture

15

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2.2.2

Capital investments

16

2.2.3

Human resources

16

2.2.4

Revenue generation

16

2.2.5

Utilization

16

2.2.6

Protection and conservation

16

2.2.7

Resource assessment

16

2.3 2.3.1

STRATEGIC TARGETS 17 Silviculture

17

2.3.1.1 Species

17

2.3.1.2. Planting Area

17

2.3.1.3 Nursery operations

17

2.3.1.4 Tending operations

17

2.3.1.4.1 Thinning

17

2.3.1.4.2 Pruning

18

2.4.

CAPITAL INVESTMENTS 18

2.4.1

Roads

18

2.4.2

Buildings

18

2.4.3

Communication facility

18

2.4.4

Vehicles, plants and equipments

18

2.4.5

Water Supply

19

2.4.6

Health and Social Services

19

2.5

HUMAN RESOURCES 19

2.5.1

Manning levels

19

2.5.2

Training needs

19

2.6

REVENUE GENERATION

2.7

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 20

2.7.1

19

Forest fires

20

2.7.2. Man and domestic animals

20

2.7.3

20

Wild animals

2.7.4 Pests and Diseases 2.8 2.8.1 2.8.2

20

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 20 Survey and mapping

20

Inventory 21 vii Â

2.8.3. Survival Assessment

21

2.8.4. Assessment for Harvesting

21

2.9

RESEARCH 21

2.9.1 Research areas/problems for research

21

CHAPTER THREE 23 3.0

PRESCRIPTIONS

23

3.1

SILVICULTURRE

23

3.1.1

Nursery operations

23

3.1.1.1 Species selection

23

3.1.1.2 Soil Ingredient

23

3.1.1.3 Seedlings raising techniques

23

3.1.1.4 Nursery tending technique

23

3.1.1.4.1 Watering regime

23

3.1.1.4.2 Sanitary/health operations

24

3.1.1.4.3 Pricking out

24

3.1.1.4.4 Root pruning

24

3.1.1.4.5 Planting

24

3.1.1.4.6 Nursery calendar and records

25

3.1.3

Survival assessment for replanting and beating up

26

3.1.4

Tending operations

26

3.1.4.1 Weeding

26

3.1.4.2 Pruning

26

3.1.4.3 Thinning

29

3.2

ROADS 29

3.2.1

Construction

29

3.2.2

Maintenance

29

3.3

BUILDINGS 29

3.3.1

Construction

29

3.3.2

Maintenance

29

3.3.3

VEHICLES, PLANTS EQUIPMENTS AND TOOLS

29

Procurement 29 3.3.4

Maintenance

29

3.3.5

Disposition

30

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3.4

COMMUNICATION FACILITIES 30

3.5

WATER SUPPLY AND ELECTRICITY 30

3.6

HUMAN RESOURCES 30

3.7

REVENUE GENERATION 31

3.7.1

Forecasted total revenues during the planning period

31

3.7.2

Forecasted revenues from thinnings and clearfellings

31

3.7.3

Forecasted total revenues during the planning period

32

3.8 UTILIZATION 33 3.8.1 Harvesting plans

33

3.8.2

Clearfelling

33

3.8.3

Thinning

35

3.9.2

Sales

35

3.92.1 Prices

35

3.9.2.2 Markets

36

3.10

FOREST PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 36

3.10.1 Fire prevention and Control

36

3.10.2 Biotic destruction outbreaks

36

3.10.3 Abiotic destructive outbreaks

36

3.10.4 Man caused destruction

36

3.10.5 Rehabilitation of affected areas

37

3.11

Environmental protection 37

3.12

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 37

CHAPTER FOUR 39 4.0

BUDGET ESTIMATES 39

APPENDICES 47 Objectives 54 Prevention 54 Detection 54 Suppression 54 Plan coverage

54

Responsibility and organization

55

Range protection officers

55

Fire crews patrol men and reserve firefighters

55 ix Â

Vehicles, equipments, tools and materials

56

Communication

57

PLANNING AND IMPEMENTATION 57 Fire prevention

57

Education and extension

57

Law enforcement

57

Preparatory measures

57

Fire detection

57

Fire suppression

58

Safety and welfare of firefighters.

58

Fire report

58

Notes

62

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1.

Forest area by ranges and vegetation cover 2

Table 2.

Seedlings raised and harvesting trend during the previous plan 2

Table 3:

Revenue collection trend 3

Table 4.

Age classes’ distribution for Pinus patuta presented rangewise at Kawetire plantation 6

Table 5.

Site Class distribution 7

Table 6.

Compartments to be thinned and clearfelled in the plan period 8

Table 7.

Road network at Kawetire plantation 10

Table 8.

Vehicles, plants and machinery- Kawetire plantation 2013 11

Table 9.

Staff categories and duties at Kawetire forest plantation by 2013 12

Table 10. Thinning schedule for P.patula and Cupressus lustanica. 18 Table 11. Pruning Schedule for P.patula and C. lustanica 18 Table 12. List of compartments and areas to be planted in the plan period 25 Table 13. Nursery calendar for P.patula and E.maidnii 25 Table 14. Pinus patula seedlings requirements 26 Table 15. List of compartments to be pruned during the planning period 27 Table 16. List vehicle and plant to be maintained during the plan period 30 Table 17. Staff strength and requirements, Kawetire Forest Plantation 31 Table 18. Forecasted revenue from thinning and clearfellings during the plan 2013/14 - 2017/18 31 Table 19. Summary of Forecasted Revenues (TZS x 1000) 32 Table 20. Summary of allowable cut for 2013/14 – 2017/18 33 Table 21. Compartments to be clear felled for the planning period 34 Table 22. Compartments to be thinned in Kawetire during the planning period 35 39

Table 23. Running, maintenance and procurement of vehicles, plants and equipment

Table 24. Maintenance and construction of buildings and other installations 40 Table 25. Office Administration 41 Table 26. Silviculture, Roads and Protection Needs 44 Table 27. Summary of budget estimates (Tshs) for the entire planning period 46

xi

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Mean monthly rainfall and raindays Kawetire Forest Plantation

5

Figure 2: Volume distribution by species Kawetire forest Plantation Dec.2012

6

LIST OF APENDICES APPENDIX I: KAWETIRE FOREST PLANTATION ORGANIZATION CHART

47

APPENDIX II: KAWETIRE FOREST PLANTATION COMPARTMENT REGISTER 2013

48

Appendix III: Callender for annual nursery operations – Kawetire Forest Plantation

53

Appendix IV: FIRE PLAN

54

xii

INTRODUCTION Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) Agency is faced by the challenge of ensuring sustainable management of forest resources for the benefit of present and future generations. Management Plan is one of the most important instruments to achieve sustainable forest management (SFM) practices.

The 1998 National Forest Policy statements (1); (6); (18); and (20) and their subsequent directions indicate the need for management of all types of forest reserves based on forest management plans. Furthermore, part III of the forest Act provides legal backing and describes how planning and management can be achieved through Management plans for all types of forests.

The Management Plan is a framework document detailing actions to be undertaken to reach and achieve specified goals and objectives. It contains four main sections namely, descriptive, directive, prescriptive and appendices sections.

Management Plans provide the basis for preparation of Annual Plans of Operations (APOs) for each of the five years of the management plan. The first APO is included in the management plan while the subsequent APOs are prepared and approved separately for each year.

This document describes the Management Plan for Meru/Usa Forest Plantations in Arumeru District, Arusha Tanzania. The plan will be implemented in the next 5-year management period, 2013/14 to 2017/18. The principles species in these plantations that are used for sawlogs, pulp and poles are: i. ii.

Hardwoods: Eucalyptus maidenii, and Softwoods: Pinus patula, and Cupressus lusitanica species.

The plantations also provide firewood.

On the implementation of this Management Plan, the Forest Manager shall observe the following;i. ii.

read and clearly understand the contents of the plan; carefully make use of all forestry resources i.e land, trees, labour, funds, tools, machines and equipment in the right time and manner so as to obtain maximum achievement of objectives as stipulated herein;

iii.

choose the shortest effective and efficient methods to achieve maximum targets stipulated in this plan; be prepared to take risks in order to achieve planned objectives; ensure that the best returns (Revenue or Production) against all marketable resources or products are achieved while ensuring environmental conservation; and organise jobs and weigh the results by giving a close follow up of the planned jobs by keeping up to date information for comparison and control of targets and costs.

iv. v. vi.

This Management Plan is valid for the period of 5 years effective from 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2018. Revision of this plan shall be done six months before expiry of the five years period.

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CHAPTER

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1

CHAPTER ONE 1.0

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTATION

1.1

Geographical location

The Kawetire forest plantation is located in the Mbeya district Mbeya Region and is in the North Usafwa and part of the Mbeya Range Forest reserves. The forest area is on the northern and north eastern part of the Municipality of Mbeya and the proper Kawetire is at latitude 8030’ south and longitude 33031’ East. The Mbeya peak forest is about 12km west of Kawetire and lies at latitude 8049’ south and longitude 33029’ east.

Access to the forest project is directly from Mbeya through the Mbeya –Chunya- Itigi road. The plantation office is 13km along this road. The road is accessible throughout the year up to the plantation office. At present the road is under construction to make it a tarmac road.

1.2

HISTORY, SIZE AND PROGRESS OF THE PLANTATION

1.2.1

History

The North Usafwa Forest Reserve which has within it the Kawetire Forest Plantations was established as Territorial Forest Reserve in 1942 (GN No. 157) and the boundaries of the reserve were originally recorded on map JB 45. The present Forest Reserve has 2807 ha excluding Lwanjiro range and is shown in map JB 2108 (GN 479) deposited with Division of Land in the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development.

The Mbeya Range Forest Reserve in which have 16452 ha (JB 2223) contains the Mbeya Peak plantations is depicted in JB 2451.The Mbeya Range Forest Reserve.

The first plantations were established in 1937 at Ipinda now in the North Usafwa Forest Reserve. The initial species were C. lustanica and E. maidenii for construction of timber and props in the Gold mine at Chunya respectively. Introduction of other species like P. patula, P. radiata and P.canariensis was at first done in 1950.

Gravelia robusta was planted in 2002 and extension of the forest plantation at Kawetire was done in 1957 and 1974 for Mbeya Peak.

1.2.1.1 Division of the plantation The plantation is divided into four ranges namely Kawetire, Ipinda, Mbeya Peak and Lwanjiro. The plantation is divided into the mention ranges for easy management of the resources. The Kawetire range has 1100ha this include unplantable area of about 293.8ha and the rest is planted with Pinus patula.

Ipinda range has the total area of 1707ha. This includes 198.5ha of unplantable area, 1132ha of Natural forest and 376.5ha of Compartment area is planted with Pinus patula, and Eucalyptus meidenii which is mainly obtained through coppice.

Moreover the Mbeya Peak range has a total of 438ha with Pinus patula stand. Most of the of the stand is obtained through natural regeneration where by singling is done to ensure spacing of the trees

1

1.2.1.2 Legal Status and Ownership The present forest reserve under the management of the FPM Kawetire include all area within the boundaries of the North Usafwa Forest Reserve with about 50% as forest plantations and the rest as natural forest and open glades. The total forest management area is divided into ranges and natural forest cover as shown in (Table 1) and in map JB 1559 for Kawetire and Ipinda ranges. Included in the management area of the Kawetire are Mbeya Peak plantations JB 2451 in the Mbeya range Forest Reserve.The Mbeya fuel has 80ha.

Kawetire Forest Plantation was owned by Forestry and Beekeeping Division (FBD) but now is under the ownership of Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) which was established by the Government Notice No. 269 of 30th July 2010.

Table 1.Forest area by ranges and vegetation cover Range

Gn no

JB No

Kawetire Ipinda Mbeya Peak Mbeya fuel Lwanjiro Total

25 of 1981

1610 of 1968 2885

Compartment area (ha) 806.2 376.5 381

Unplantable areas (ha)

Natural forest (ha)

293.8 198.5 26

Nil 1132 31

67.26

NIL

Nil

638.80 2443.7

1043.3

1163

Total range area (ha) 1100 1707 438

4650

Unplantable areas outside compartments include glades, steep valleys, firebreaks, roads,built-up areas etc.

Natural Forest include grassland areas.

1.2.2 Progress of the Plantation during the last Management Plan The performance of Plantation for the past five years was affected by various challenges which include; insufficient forest staff to carry out forest operations according to the APOs; inadequate vehicles and machines (plants) for different operations like transportation of seedlings for planting and grader for road construction and maintenance. Another challenge was the delay or failure to get trees seeds from Tree Seed Agency (TTSA); illegal grazing of livestock in the plantations and illegal harvesting for construction purposes. The summary of the seedling raised and harvesting trend is shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Seedlings raised and harvesting trend during the previous plan Seedling raising trend Year

Targets of Seedlings raised

2008/09

150,000

2009/10

260,000

2010/11

168,000

2011/12

120,000

2012/13

300,000

Total

998000

2

Harvesting trend

No. of Seedlings raised

Sawlogs (m3)

Firewood (M3)

4,215

401,096

294

270

160,000

11,788.00

476,000

6868

901

1037096

23165

1171

Table 3: Revenue collection trend Year Royalty

LMDA

TaFF

Cess

2008/2009

2009/2010

153,110,049

2,935,620

2010/2011

200,000.00

2011/12

2012/13

88,509,466

75,539,974

1.3

VAT

2,737,406.19

4,562,342.85

16,424,436.96

LAND

1.3.1 Topography The North Usafwa Forest Reserve is on the Mbeya range of mountains at about 2100 – 2400 m.a.s.l. The plantation office, Kawetire is at 2235 m.a.s.l. Mbeya Range Forest Reserve encloses the highest point in the vicinity, Mbeya Peak, at 2781 m.a.s.l. The major portion of Kawetire plantations is on a broad ridge. The major portion of the forest is on a broad ridge that falls sharply to the north –eastern edge of the rift valley.

There are also steep sloped valleys on the north eastern boundary.

1.3.2 Geology and soils The base rock is a complex of igneous and metamorphic rocks whereas the top layers vary from pumice to volcanic ash. The deeper layers of the soil are black loam soils rich in clay particles. The soils drain freely though easily compacted and slippery when wet. The good fertile soils favor higher agricultural production as well as good tree and other vegetation growth. At one time in history the soils at Kawetire was diagnosed to be deficient in boron. The symptoms on trees was called Kawetire die back as the top needles on softwood species particularly P.patula died back. The problem was corrected by application of sodium borate salt. No serious problem has appeared in recent years.

1.3.3 Biodiversity The original vegetation cover was mainly alpine grass in the glades and a variety of trees in the natural forest.

The tall grasses and forest trees occurs along the valleys. Most important trees were Hygenia spp, Olea spp, Juniperus spp, Julbernadia spp and others in the association with them. These species also exist today in the natural forest. However the density is declining due to frequent fires, tree felling and other abiotic factors and probably due to some unknown biotic factors too. There are several species of herbs and shrubs in the natural forest and to a lesser extent in the plantations.

On the rift valley slopes on the eastern border, there are savanna woodland tree species. These include an association of Brachystegia and Cumbretum species. The major part of the grassland area is now converted into plantation with monoculture of P. patula,E. maidenii and into agriculture land in the slopes bordering the reserve boundary. The forest also shelters a good number of small animal species e.g. Rats, lizards and snakes.

In recent years the number has been declining due to numerous reasons including the reduction of natural forest cover and the increasing human population using the forest. There are also a number of birds and insects and various fungus species.

3

1.3.4 Hydrology The Kawetire forest is drained by a good number of streams. The streams from the forest reserve mostly drain into Lake Rukwa and to a small scale into the Rift Valley to the east of the forest. The most important streams include the Sibungu which serve the Kawetire station with water supply. Others are Maji Mazuri to the eastern border, the Lyanzi emerging at Ipinda and supplying water to the village and the Hove at Kawetire. The rivers at Mbeya Peak include the Meta which drains through Mbeya Municipality and onwards to the Lake Rukwa Basin.

There are smaller streams on the Southern, northern and north western forest reserve boundary which drain through and serve the villages of Mwabowo and Iziwa. Most streams emerge from wet depression. The flows are high during the rain season (November- April), but rarely causing floods. A few of the streams are dry towards the end of the dry season. The Kawetire forests form an important watershed for the Great Ruaha River and the Lake Rukwa basin on the eastern and north-western areas respectively.

1.3.5 Special features The Mbeya Peak ridge and world’s view point form good viewing points for Mbeya Municipality, the rift valley and the Lake Rukwa Basin. The road from Mbeya to Chunya passes through the forest area at the International Trig Point which is the highest elevation of Tanzanian main roads at 2415 m.a.s.l. On the south-eastern rim of the escarpment the edges of the plantations have good points from which there is a good panoramic view of Uyole township, the Tanzania /Zambia Railway (TAZARA) and the highways to Dar es Salaam, and the Zambia and Malawi borders, and the valley they are in.

1.4

CLIMATE

1.4.1 Rainfall distribution and Reliability The Kawetire Forest has a single rain season reliable for tree growing. Rains start in November and extend to April of the following year. The average annual amount of rainfall recorded from 1975-1993 is 1099mm falling over approximately 90 days (Fig1). The seasonal trends show that the months of June to October are dry. Between June to mid-August temperatures are very low, with minimum of down to -50C experienced at night, thus resulting in frosts. Mean day temperatures around this time are around 100C. Whereas in the hottest month, October/November the mean day temperatures are around 300C with recorded maximums of 350C. The Kawetire low temperatures can cause adverse effects on nursery activities as young plants are killed if frost period is prolonged.

1.4.2 Humidity Humidity is very low during the hot month just before the rains, and during the rainseason it is often near saturation point.

1.4.3 Wind Winds are mostly easterlies, and south easterlies subject to sudden spontaneous temporally changes. Wind speeds are highest during the hot/dry month in November just before commencement of the rains.

4 Â

250 232 220

200

188

Mean monthly raifall/raindays

182

150 R ainfall (mm) R ain days

122

100

68

63

50

18

16

11

11

6

0 J an

F eb

Mar

Apr

May

13

9 1

1 1

J une

J ul

0 0

1 1

2

Aug

S ept

Oct

6 Nov

12

Dec

Months

Figure 1:Mean monthly rainfall and raindays Kawetire Forest Plantation 1.5

GROWING STOCK

The forest growing stock was determined by way of forest inventory and subsequent analyses. The details are provided in the following subsections.

1.5.1 Forest inventory The forest inventory field work started in October 2012 with 64 staff from Forest Plantations, Zonal TFS Offices and District forest offices. Inventory methodology was designed and adopted from the first phase of the forest inventory conducted in 2007/08 with some technical modification proposed by Forest Plantation Managers in the Iringa Workshop held in June 2012. The workshop was facilitated by the ForestCalc ® Inventory version 6 © 1998–2012 software developer Lauri Vesa from Finland. The description of this methodology is detailed in the Field Manual prepared by the Forest and Beekeeping Division (URT, 2008).

1.5.1 Growing stock by age classes The Kawetire Forest Plantations have 56 compartments in Kawetire , 30 in Ipinda,42 in Mbeya Peak and 7 in Lwanjiro ranges. The compartments which are not of uniform size are shown in Appendix 2. The different age classes are summarized in Table 5.

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Table 4.Age classes’ distribution for Pinus patuta presented range wise at Kawetire plantation Age class

<=5

P.patula

C.lusitanica

Area(ha) E.meidenii

P.patula

C.lusitanica

Volume E.meidenii

404

5

2,756

29

>5-10

98

3

1,689

17

>10-15

194

24,120

>15-20

410

38,451

>20-25

205

-

18

1,310

8

18

107,971

>25 TOTAL

40,955

3,539

46

3,539

1.5.2 Inventory Results The total standing volume for all species at Kawetire in December 2012 was 137,439m3. The density was 499171. The density for young stands was 26547 and 22127 for P.patula and Eucalyptus maidenii respectively.

The volume distribution by species is as shown in Fig 3 below. Most of the standing volume ( 89.835%) is of Pinus patula (123,469 m3) followed by Eucalyptus maidenii (13,181m3) which constitute 9.59%. The rest of species (0.574%) all together constitutes of 789.0 m3 only. The current age structure is skewed towards the young age classes. The total area, age class, mean DBH, volume (m3/ha) and other details are shown in the compartment register Appendix II. The distribution of the stocking by age is far from being normal Area without trees and seedling stands constitute about 22% of total area and therefore in the future if all the seedling stands and open areas turn out well established forests, the plantation will develop towards more even structured.

Figure 2: Volume distribution by species Kawetire forest Plantation Dec.2012

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1.5.2.1 Site classes Site classes for Kawetire Forest Plantation were determined using the “Yield Studies in Pinus patula and Cupressus lusitanica, Northern Tanzania” by Klitgaard and Mikkelsen (1976). Most compartments falls under site class III and V. Table 6 shows site class distribution.

Table 5.Site Class distribution Site Class I II III IV V

Species Pp Pp Pp Pp Pp

No. of Compartment per species 2 3 6 23 30

Area

1.5.2.2 Current Annual Increment (CAI) The compartment register (Appendix I) contains Current Annual Increments (CAI) for each compartment as extracted from the Yield Table Klitgaard and Mikkelsen (1976). The current annual increments were adjusted proportionally to stocking levels as follows: CAI = (Actual SPH/Yield Table SPH) x Yield Table CAI Compartment CAI = CAI X Compartment Area (ha)

Allowable cut for the entire forest is the summation of all compartment CAIs. The current allowable cut is 17,905 m3/year. This volume comprises of clear-felling and thinning. Most of the allowable cut is from clear felling. Compartments to be thinned and clear felled in the plan period are shown in Table 7.

Most compartments which are due for thinning during the planning period will not be thinned due to low stocking. It has been noted that low stocking in many compartments is caused by taungya practice, illegal tree cutting and fire incidence. In addition in some compartments, different age classes of trees can be observed most probably due to late beating up for several years. Under these circumstances, it makes the management of the plantation difficult because most silvicultural operations are affected.

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Table 6.Compartments to be thinned and clearfelled in the plan period Year

Compartments for thinning

Compartments for clear felling

2013/14

MP_11A,MP_1i,MP_8B

MP-6A,MP-7A,MP-10B,MP-4C,MP-4B,KT-7A,KT-7B

2014/15

KT-7Ci, KT -7Cii, KT-6A KT-7D, KT-8A

2015/16

MP_1A,MP_1B,MP_1E

MP-5B,MP-5A, MP-1H,MP_9A,KT-6Ci, KT-6Cii, KT-6Ciii,KT5Biii,KT-9Ai

2016/17

MP_1i

KT_10B, KT_10C, KT_10Di, KT_10E, KT_10F, KT_3C, KT-9Aii, KT-9Bi, KT-9Bii, KT-9C, KT-9D, KT-9E

2017/18

MP_11A

KT-9F, KT-9G, KT-9Iii, KT-9Ji, KT-9K, KT-9L, KT-9Mi, KT-9Mii, IP-10A,IP-10Gii,IP-10I

1.5.2.3 Health, vitality and stocking density The P.patula stands are in good health except for few patches showing stuntedness. This stuntedness is mostly a result of improper food crop farming resulting in tree damage during the establishment stages. C. lustanica trees were affected by Cinara cuprecii aphids thus planting of the species has been stopped. E.maidenii stands have poor growth and form. Stocking is variable from compartment to compartment most compartments being under stocked. The mean Stocking at Mbeya peak is 380.429 trees/ha whereas at Ipinda and Kawetire the stocking is 381.0and 382.089 trees/ha respectively. The problem of under stocking is a result of over thinning and unsupervised Taungya system of food crop farming alongside with trees. Farmers tend to ignore trees while tending their crops thus causing trees to die. On the other hand poor planting and skipping beating up could result into poor stocking.

1.5.2.4 Management units The plantation management units are shown in maps JB1559 and JB1919. The ranges are each under Range Manager who plans and executes all range activities and reports to the FPM who is overall in charge of the plantation activities. The smallest management unit in the plantation is a sub compartment and several of them forms a compartment. The sub compartments are lettered A, B, C etc. whereas the compartment is numbered 1, 2,3etc. These units are not of uniform size.

1.6

UTILIZATION

1.6.1 Markets The demand for sawn timber has recently been increasing due to increasing efforts by people to build modern houses and other structures both in the rural and urban areas. The main market for timber converted from Kawetire logs is the fast growing Municipality of Mbeya and the city of Dar es Salaam. In the past, Tanzania Electrical Supply Company (TANESCO) was the main customer for power transmission poles from this forest.

The demand for fuel wood has also been on the increase in the Municipality of Mbeya. Most wood in this category is used for domestic purposes as it is cheaper compared other sources of energy like electricity. A fair share is also used in the brick making industry. There are also demand for fuel wood in institutions like prisons, hospitals, schools, and NGOs.

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1.6.2 Harvesting Harvesting is currently being carried out by individual customers. The plantation staff identify felling areas, measure and record volumes to be removed, prepare bills, the customer deposit the money to the Plantation Collection account number 61001000061-NMB Mbalizi Road Branch and bring the bank pay slip to the Account where the Accountant has to confirm the payment by requesting bank statement from the bank then he acknowledge by issuing ERV to the customer and thereafter the customer can start harvesting.

The plantation staffs have the responsibility to ensure that harvesting is carried out properly and wasteful practices avoided even in areas that have been fully paid for. Prices for logs are determined in accordance with prevailing rules.

1.6.3 Other uses of forest land Crop farming is practised by villagers adjoining the forest and staff through taungya system. This is done immediately after clearfelling whereby land is allocated to villagers and forest workers for land preparation after which agricultural crops are grown together with trees. Main crops cultivated include; Irish potatoes, beans, carrot and maize. Potato cultivation is prohibited after the tree planting so as to prevent damage of the small trees. However farmers are cultivating it but the management is trying to change the altitude of farmers to accept this challenge.

The taungya system reduces the management cost especially on land preparation and weeding. Despite having advantages, taungya system has caused Kawetire forest plantation to face understocked in many compartments due to uprooting of young seedlings and cutting of trees at young stage to reduce the effect of tree shading and hence to allow enough period for cultivation. Also farmers perform early and over pruning and thus affects tree growth performance and health.

1.7 PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION

1.7.1. Forest Fires Forest fire incidences have been in Kawetire Forest Plantation. However, fire lines are present in all compartments with little maintenance fire guard ensure patrol to the forest especially during dry season.

1.7.2. Man and domestic Animal Illegal cutting of trees for poles, logs and firewood is a sporadic phenomenon in the forest, especially in stands bordering villages. Cutting is usually done at night and weekends by neighboring villagers usually for commercial purposes though some may be for home use A range of livestock namely cattle, goats and sheep are illegally grazed in the forest by the surrounding villagers.

The driving force is mainly a large number of livestock population coupled with limited land available for grazing outside the forest. Many trees especially in young stands are wounded or die as a result of being eaten by cattle and goats. The main control measure which has occasionally been practiced is to round up livestock illegally grazed in the forest and fine the owners. However, it has practically proved difficult to enforce this regulation successfully due to resistance from the villagers. The result has been perpetual forest degradation in 9 Â

contradiction to sustainable forest management. Law enforcement alone has failed to provide solution to this predicament, thus a supplementary new approach is needed.

1.7.3. Wild Animals Wild animals found around and within the forest are rabbits. The most serious damage in the forest is caused when people use fire to chase the animals which cause fire in the forest.

1.7.4. Pests and Diseases Moles cause damage to young stands especially Eucalyptus clones by feeding on stem of the seedlings.

However, this is a minor problem.

1.7 CAPITAL INVESTMENTS 1.7.1 Roads The Kawetire forest has about 14.6 km of main forest roads most of which are in Kawetire and Ipinda ranges.

Mbeya peak has only 5 km of the roads. The forest also has about 32.3 km of secondary forest roads. Most of the roads are good condition due to the periodic maintance especially after harvesting and after rain season .

Because Kawetire will have the plan to harvest in most of the compartments it would be best to keep some of the crucial roads open, especially during the fire season. Due to the above mentioned reasons the accessibility in most forest areas is not as difficult as the previous years, it is only the roads changes into bad condition during the wet season.

Table 7.Road network at Kawetire plantation

Type of road Forest main roads(km) Secondary roads (km)

Kawetire range

Ipinda range

Mbeya peak range

Lwanjiro range

Total

7.4

4.2

3.0

10

29.2

27.8

3.0

1.5

32.3

Note: The present road network is not adequate to access all parts of the plantation.

1.7.2 Buildings and installations The Kawetire Forest station has 24 staff houses capable of housing 51 staff members and their families. Out of these three have been demolished due to bad condition and more others need to be demolished as they pose threat to staff and their families. Most of these are single bed roomed. Twenty three of the houses were built between 1952 and 1965 using burnt bricks and corrugated iron sheets. The houses are generally now very expensive to repair as major repairs have not been carried out for a very long time. The house which was used by the Plantation Manager is being rehabilitated to be used as the Plantation’s Office and the building which is used as the office will be used as dispensary. Other buildings include the Office, dispensary, store, worker’s shop, machinery house, watchmen shelters and social club. These buildings are similarly in need of major repairs. These are connected to the with electricity from the National Grid.

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1.7.3 Vehicles, plants and equipments Currently the plantation has two Station Wagon Hard top Land Cruisers in good running condition. The plantation also has an old electric generator dale 48096 with the capacity of 25.8 Hp. The generator is not in good condition and it is not used so it needs maintanance. The station was connected to the national power grid in 2003. The machinery situation is as shown in Table 9.

Table 8.Vehicles, plants and machinery- Kawetire plantation 2013 S/No 1

Vehicle /Machinery STK 1106

Quantity 1

2

STK 3510

1

3 4

STJ 9167 Generator 48096-25HP

1 1

Make Toyota Land Cruiser (Hardtop) Toyota Land Cruiser (Hardtop) Honda M/Cycle Dale

Condition Good

Status Running

Good

Running

Bad Bad

Not running Not running

1.7.4 Communication facilities The plantation is facing the challenge of communication (bad or no reception) especially when the plantation staffs are in the office and surrounding areas. This makes the communication on official matters with other TFS stations difficult. The reliable means of communication is the post office at Mbeya. The Plantation’s postal address is Box 770, MBEYA. There is a plan of installing Radio call base to enhance communication especially during fire season 1.7.5 Power and water supply The Kawetire Forest Station derives its water from Sibungu river some 3 km North east of the Station. The intake dam was built in 1959 and the water is piped into 2 inch pipes through gravity to a tank at the forest station with the capacity of more than 200,000 litres for distribution to different buildings and areas. There is normally a shortage of water during the dry season. Major repairs are needed for the dam, the reservoir and the distribution system.

In 2003 the station was connected to the Mbeya- Chunya gridline and thus currently the station is using TANESCO power 1.8 ADMINISTRATION 1.8.1 Organization The plantation is under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT) and is administered by the Chief Executive Officer). In the Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) the plantation activities are under the Director of Resources Management (DRM). The plantation is one of 16 plantations in Tanzania under the CEO. The Plantation Manager is the head of Management and Administration in the plantation. He/She is assisted by an Assistant Plantation Manager appointed by the Plantation Manager. The plantation area is divided into four management ranges i.e Kawetire (where also are the plantation offices), Ipinda, Lwanjiro and Mbeya Peak. Each range is in the charge of a Range Incharge. Apart from the ranges there are administrative units designated as sections; these are Accounts, Dispensary, Forest Protection and Infrastructure, Transport, Survey and Inventory, Forest Protection, Nursery and Beekeeping.

The Plantation Manager is incharge of all Plantation issues, reporting directly to the DRM. The different section heads constitutes the Project’s Management Committee.

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1.8.2Manning level Kawetire forest plantation is currently manned by staff at different cadres and deficit of staff at different carder To undertake the project activities there are staff members in different categories as detailed in Table 10 below.

Table 9.Staff categories and duties at Kawetire forest plantation by 2013 S/No

Staff designation

Present

Deficit

1

Degree Holder in Forestry

2

1

Diploma Holder in Forestry

1

2

Certificate Holder in Forestry

4

3

Operation services (Forest assistants)

17

0

4

Degree Holder in Accountancy

1

0

5

Clerical Induction

1

6

Certificate in Secretarial

1

8

Certificate in Material Management

0

9

Driver

0

11

Technicians

1

12

Watchman

0

2 2

1 1 2

4

Total

1.9 SOCIAL SERVICES 1.9.1 Heath A dispensary serves the plantation staff and their families as well as people from the surrounding villages. The facility is under the Ministry of Health but the plantation management assists issues like building maintenance, staff accommodation and administrative activities. The dispensary staff are paid by the MNRT for the Clinical Officer and by the Mbeya District Council for the rest of the staff.

1.9.2 Education Education for staff children and those from neighbouring villages is provided in the Primary Schools which are in Haporoto and Mwasenkwa villages, the schools are under the Ministry of Education and Vocation Training through the District Authorities 1.9.3 Religion Staff members are free to worship as they wish so long as they do not contravene national regulations on worshipping. The plantation however does not offer any worshipping facilities.

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1.9.4 Shopping facility There was a cooperative shop which was run by the workers and sold mostly non food items eg soap etc. The shop was open to members and non members. The shop is currently not operating. Food stuffs have to be obtained from the villages or from the market in Mbeya. There is a flour milling machine run by the workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; cooperative.

1.9.5 Recreational facilities Workers are encouraged to organize their own recreational activities and occasionally the project assists in effecting such community recreation. Such assistance is in the form of ensuring the social hall is in good condition, providing transport where possible, etc

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CHAPTER

14 Â

2

CHAPTER TWO 2.0 DIRECTIVES 2.1 OVERALL GOAL 2.1.1 Wood production The overall goal of this management plan is to ensure sustainable supply of raw materials to forest based industries and other users. In order to achieve this goal during the planed period replanting of open areas should be done, carry out different tending operations, protect the forest against various damages, and also regulate harvesting to conform to approved felling schedules.

Kawetire Forest Plantation should be managed for the following purposes:(a) (b)

(c) (d) (e)

To tend the existing plantations so as to maintain good stands for the productions of good quality raw materials for internal market; To carry out replanting in already clear felled compartments to fulfill the protection function of the Kawetire Forest reserve thus to maintain soil, to conserve water, improve vegetation cover and conserve biological diversity; To utilize the wood resources as it becomes available in regulated and economic manner; To ensure sustainable supply of wood for now and the future by replanting immediately clear felled compartments; and To provide employment particularly to local communities and create awareness on Conservation needs of forests and environment.

2.1.2 Conservation To ensure that protective functions of forests are observed all over the area under the plantation management thereby conserving water sources, enhancing ecosystem stability and biodiversity conservation. Riverines are left undisturbed during forest resources harvesting activities for about 50m on both sides. The forest plantation also ensures protection of natural forests and biodiversity. The other conservation activities include protection against cultivation on steep slopes and on water sources.

2.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 2.2.1 Silviculture â&#x20AC;˘

â&#x20AC;˘

The objectives of the silvicultural operations are to raise improved, healthy and adequate in number of planting stock (seedlings) to replant all clear felled areas to ensure sustainable yield for the present and future generations.

Tending operations are carried out in order to get quality final crop for forest-based industries and other users.

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2.2.2 Capital investments The plantation objectives in capital investments include the following: • • • • •

To maintain the existing structures (buildings) so that they are in good order.

To maintain the existing vehicles and plants so that they are in good working condition.

To purchase new vehicles and plants for smooth execution of plantation programmes To maintain the whole length of existing forest roads to allow smooth execution of forest operations.

To establish a reliable communication facility for the plantation.

2.2.3 Human resources • • • •

To improve working environment and general livelihood of workers and their families.

To develop human resources capacities in terms of skills and knowledge.

To ensure that the plantation staff and their families are in good health.

To increase the number of staff members so as to satisfy the project requirement.

2.2.4 Revenue generation In order to improve revenue generation, the plantation will endeavour: • To improve revenue collection process by intensifying control and accountability amongst the responsible officers.

• To explore new sources of revenue generation such as camping and eco-tourism.

2.2.5 Utilization The objective is to ensure that raw materials are supplied sustainably to all users. The plantation management must keep on encouraging saw millers to utilize all tree parts including short wood and stumps and branches.

2.2.6 Protection and conservation • To protect both natural and plantation forests against forest fires, illegal logging and grazing, insect attack and diseases and wild life damage.

• To ensure that all water sources including riverine forests, steep slopes, valleys, are well protected by avoiding any kind of disturbance such as cultivation.

• To ensure that all forest reserve boundaries are protected from encroachment.

• To ensure that all inter-compartment boundaries and fire lines are maintained by slashing and screefing.

• To maintain biodiversity (fauna and flora) which is available in the area.

• To create a harmonious environment with our neighbours for good communication and support.

• Maintain and intensify checkpoints for proper control of forest produce transportation from the forest 2.2.7 Resource assessment • To make sure that accurate stocking, biomass, and specie-wise data are available.

• To make sure that the whole plantation area is resurveyed and up-to-date maps are produced.

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2.3 STRATEGIC TARGETS 2.3.1 Silviculture 2.3.1.1 Species Species selection is based on technical Order No. 1 of 2003 as indicated in Table No.1 under Highland Areas Zone. Seeds to be used in raising seedlings should be purchased from Tanzania Tree Seed Agency (TTSA).

Due to delays in getting tree seeds from TTSA, sometimes the plantation collects tree seeds from plus trees in the plantation. Emerging sources of planting material such as the use of clones from TAFORI will also be considered. Also the choice of species will be governed by market demand, resistance of the species to diseases and suitability of the species to environment as well as its performance.

2.3.1.2. Planting Area To ensure sustained yield of wood products, the Forest management should ensure that all clear felled areas are planted in time. According to rainfall regime in Northern zone, the planting seasons are in November to December and April to May and beating up is done during the same periods. Stands establishment should continue to use taungya system but under close supervision of Forest staff. Plots in clearfelled areas earmarked for planting are allocated to both plantation staff and surrounding villagers well in advance to ensure that land preparation is done before trees are planted. Allocation of taungya plots is done by management after consultation with village governments. According to Technical Order No.1 of 2003, the spacing of 3 x 3 m. giving 1111 stems per hectare continues to be used unless directed otherwise by Tanzania Forest Service Agency (TFS). Taungya will continue to be practiced until canopy closure, making it impossible for further growth of food crops – usually 3 – 4 years.

2.3.1.3 Nursery operations Seedlings should be raised in polythene tubes of size 10cm diameter and gauge 250 using soil mixture of 5 parts top forest soil, 2 mycorrhizal and 2 parts of cow manure (5:2:2). There is no official document directing the use of these sizes. However, these were adopted through experience and economic point of view. The amount of soil ingredients filled in pots provides enough nutrients to the seedling which stay in the nursery for at most six to seven months after which they are planted out. In addition NPK fertilizer is added at the ration of 28gms per tin of soil mixture. The main species to be raised will be Pinus patula, and Eucalyptus spp,.

According to the plantation nursery calendar seedling to be planted in November/December are raised starting from May/June while seedlings to be planted in March/April are raised starting from August/September.

2.3.1.4 Tending operations 2.3.1.4.1 Thinning Thinning is necessary to enhance diameter increment. The thinning schedule indicated in technical order No 1 of 2003 should continue to be applied (Table 13). Due to low stocking in young stands, priority is given to second thinnings during the plan period. All species planted in Kawetire Plantation except Eucalyptus require thinning. The thinnings are selective and priority for removals is defective and diseased trees. Thinning is done by customers after marking of the trees to be thinned by plantation staff.

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Table 10.Thinning schedule for P.patula and Cupressus lustanica.

S/No

Activity

Age (yrs)

Number of Stems per hectare Before thinning

After thinning

Trees to be cut

1

Planting

0

1111

2

1st Thinning

10

1111

650

460

3

2nd Thinning

15

650

400

250

4

Clearfelling

25

400

-

400

5

Planting

0

1111

2.3.1.4.2 Pruning Pruning is necessary to improve wood quality. The pruning schedule in Technical order no 1 of 2003 (Table 14) should continue to be used. Pruning should be the obligation of the plantation management.Pruning should be done during during the dry period July to October.

Table 11.Pruning Schedule for P.patula and C. lustanica S/No

Type of pruning

Age (years)

Remarks

1

1st Pruning

4

Whole crop

2

2nd Pruning

6

Selective

3

3 Pruning

8

Selective

rd

2.4. CAPITAL INVESTMENTS 2.4.1 Roads Construction and maintenance of forest roads is done by the plantation management using funds retained at the plantation known as use Logging Miscellaneous Deposit Account (LMDA) as stipulated in the Government Notice No. 432 of December 2011 (Forest regulation 29 (1) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Schedule 14).

2.4.2 Buildings Maintenance of government buildings should follow procedures provided by the Tanzania Building Agency (TBA). Consultation is made by a letter to TBA and thereafter assessment of buildings to be maintained is conducted. After the assessment, the Bill of Quantity (BQ) is prepared and presented to the plantation management. The actual implementation is done according to approved budget and priorities.

2.4.3 Communication facility Communication within and outside the plantation is done through letters, emails, fax, telephones, meetings, verbal and office visits.

2.4.4 Vehicles, plants and equipments Maintenance of vehicle and plants should follow TEMESA guidelines as per Public Procurement Act No. 21 of 2004 and Regulation of 2005 section 59 (1 -5). The plantation writes to TEMESA describing the faults of the vehicle or plants. Thereafter, TEMESA will inspect the vehicle/plants to verify the stated faults and prepare the bill before the maintenance done.

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2.4.5 Water Supply The Kawetire Forest Station derives its water from Sibungu river some 3 km North east of the Station. The intake dam was built in 1959 and the water is piped into 2 inch pipes through gravity to a tank at the forest station with the capacity of more than 200,000 litres for distribution to different buildings and areas. There is normally a shortage of water during the dry season. Major repairs are needed for the dam, the reservoir and the distribution system.

2.4.6 Health and Social Services The present dispensary building is adequate to cater for plantation staff; however with the surrounding village population increasing there is a need to upgrade it to cater for this increase. There is plan that the Plantation’s office will be used as the dispensary. The dispensary is run by the Ministry of Health authorities through the District administration Plantation assistance in this section will continue in keeping the building and staff quarters well maintained.

Apart from giving maintenance support to the dispensary the plantation will maintain buildings and structures used for social activities.

2.5 HUMAN RESOURCES 2.5.1 Manning levels Staff members at the forest plantation are employees of Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) and their salaries are paid directly by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT). Employment arrangement is coordinated by TFS Head Office after receiving requests from plantations. The process of employment is done by President Office – Public Service Management. Temporary workers are employed by the plantation when required. However, these arrangements may change as to suite the act governing the establishment of government agencies.

2.5.2 Training needs The short courses are conducted according to the plantation training plan and approved budget. This includes nursery techniques, introduction to computer, maintenance of machines, inventory, forestry management and administration. The long term courses are coordinated and financed by the TFS after receiving application from the eligible staff.

2.6 REVENUE GENERATION The forest plantation is collecting revenue from sales of forest products and services as stipulated in the Government Notice No. 432 of December 20011 (Forest regulation 29 (1) – Schedule 14). Revenue obtained from these sources is distributed into five categories namely; Royalty which is paid to TFS, VAT (18% of royalty as per Tanzania Revenue Authority regulation), CESS (5% of the royalty as per Local Government Act of 1985)) is paid to District Councils, TaFF (3% of royalty and 2% of fees as per Forest Act Na. 14 of 2002 section 79 (2)) and LMDA which is charged on top of the royalty (Tsh. 14,000 per m3 for softwood and Tsh. 28,000 per m3 for hardwood). LMDA is used by the plantation for silvicultural activities, road maintenance, maintenance of vehicles and plants, forest protection and administration.

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Price tariff of standing volume, stacked volume of firewood, poles, withies and forest services are charged as stipulated in the Government Notice No. 432 of December 2011 (Forest regulation 29 (1) – Schedule 14).

2.7 PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 2.7.1 Forest fires Issues related to fire management is provided in Forest Act of 202, Part Nine section 70 – 76 and forest regulation of 2004 part Fourteen, Section 49. These include restriction on using fire, fire extinguishing, and construction and maintenance of firebreaks. According to section 71 sub section 3 of the Forest Act, any person in the vicinity of a fire has the obligation to assist in extinguishing it. Setting fire in the forest reserve is one of the offences listed under section 26 of the Forest Act and penalties against such offences are provided in Section 84 Subsection 5 of the Forest Act. 2.7.2. Man and domestic animals Forest Act No. 14 of 2002 section 26 describes activities prohibited within the forest reserve without a license or a permit. The current illegal cutting of trees for poles, logs and firewood is unacceptable and must be prevented by enforcing Forest Act No. 14 of 2002 Section 26 and Forest Regulation of 2004 Part Two section 3-13.

Culprits if apprehended should be prosecuted and their haul and products confiscated according to Sections 84, 85, 88 and 89 of the Forest Act. Section 26 and 84 subsection 3 of the Forest Act provides conditions for grazing in the forest reserve. Due to shortage of land for grazing and large number of livestock it has proved difficult to allow grazing by license in the plantation. Therefore grazing in KawetireForest Plantation should continue to be illegal.

2.7.3 Wild animals Issues related to wild animals should be dealt in accordance with the Wildlife Act No. 5 of 2009 which directs the District Game Officer to handle the issues of destructive animals in the forest reserve.

2.7.4 Pests and Diseases Issus related to control of pests and diseases in the plantation is not provided in the forest policy, act and regulation. However, consultation is made to research institutions such as Tanzania Forest Research Institute (TAFORI) and TPRI for technical assistance. Section 63 and 64 of the Acts provide restriction of movement of timber within and outside Tanzania in order to contain and prevent the spread of any disease affecting tree, timber or other forest produce.

2.8 RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 2.8.1 Survey and mapping Section 28 and 29 of the Act provides directives related to demarcation, consolidation, revocation and variation of the forest boundaries. Boundary consolidation entails beaconing, boundary planting and maintenance.

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2.8.2 Inventory Inventory data is an input to the preparation of management plan. According to section 13 subsections 6 of the Act directs the continues review of forest management plan, whereby section 13 subsections 7 sets period of after five year for full review of the management plan. Therefore, inventory must be conducted every five years to provide data for management plan preparation.

2.8.3. Survival Assessment Survival assessment of planted trees should be done after one year prior to next planting season in order to determined survival percentage as the basis to carry out beating up. However, currently there is no technical order in place for survival assessment.

2.8.4. Assessment for Harvesting Choice of compartments to be harvested should base on the following criteria; Diseased, wind thrown, damaged by biological or climatic agents, and those subjected to drought are given first priority; Stands of higher site class are also given priority as they mature early; on the same site class start with older stands; on compartment of the same age start with lower stocked stands; compartment which are inaccessible should be left out of calculation; and in respect to customers need’s and preference, start with customers preference. Harvesting involves establishment of TARIFF NUMBERS for compartments due for harvesting in order to determine the value for pricing according to laid down guidelines titled “Measurement and Selling of Timber Using Tariff Table”.

2.9 RESEARCH 2.9.1 Research areas/problems for research Forest research activities are the sole responsibility of TAFORI and higher academic institutions however the plantation should liaise with them to establish Permanent Sample Plots (PSP) for monitoring of tree growth and assist in protecting their trial plots. These institutions are also encouraged to undertake research to solve emerging management problems.

21

CHAPTER

22 Â

3

CHAPTER THREE 3.0 PRESCRIPTIONS 3.1 SILVICULTURRE 3.1.1 Nursery operations Tree seedlings for replanting in clearfelled areas, beating-up and planting in extension area will be raised at Kawetire and Mbeya Peak nurseries. In addition another tree nursery will be established at Lwanjiro to cater for planting in an extension area.

3.1.1.1 Species selection The choice of species is based on performance and demand. The main species to be planted at Kawetrie Forest Plantation includes Pinus patula and Eucalyptus 3.1.1.2 Soil Ingredient The Kawetire standard soil mixture will be used as it has proven suitable. The mixture is as follows: • 6 parts top forest soil • 4 parts mbuga soil • 1 part top soil from P.patula plantation (only for P.patula in new beds) • 1 part cow manure • Top dressing of NPK and Boron fertilizer • Fungicide-applied when foggy conditions persist • Insecticides if soil contains harmful insects 3.1.1.3 Seedlings raising techniques Seed sowing will be on seedbeds of 20m x 1m in size each with capacity to hold 50,000 seedlings. The soil mixture described above will be the sowing medium and sand will be used to cover the sown seedbed. Only a light covering of sand not more than 1 mm will be used. This will be performed by plantation staff who will be helped by casual labours under supervision by the plantation staff.

The sowing density depends on type of seeds. However, low sowing density will be applied to avoid damping off.

3.1.1.4 Nursery tending technique 3.1.1.4.1 Watering regime The newly transplanted seedlings have to be shaded to prevent them from sun burn and frost bite during the post transplanting period, especially at night during the coldest month (July). Watering of transplants will be done twice a day i.e. early in the morning and in the evening, until rains start. Watering should be done efficiently to ensure sufficient wetness in the soil.

23

3.1.1.4.2 Sanitary/health operations The nursery should at all times be kept clean. Thus all weeds around and in the beds should be removed and any trash should be collected and burnt. All other non required items should be removed from the nursery as they often tend to harbour unwanted insects and animals. The nursery should be protected against any destructive agents like wandering animals, playing children etc. the fences, hedges and gates should always be in protective conditions.

3.1.1.4.3 Pricking out Pricking out shall be carried out soon after the seedlings shed their caps except when there are very damp conditions when the pricking out is carried out while the caps are still on. Pricked out seedlings will be transplanted in Swaziland beds at espacements of 4.5cm between and within the lines. The beds should be watered for two days before transplanting so as to stabilize the soil.

3.1.1.4.4 Root pruning The activity will be done 3 months after pricking out for P.patula. The pruning is done using a wire pulled across and under the seedling bed in a horizontal direction. The process is repeated every 2-4 weeks until seedlings are ready for lifting out to the field. Lateral roots should be pruned using knives.

3.1.1.4.5 Planting Land preparation will be done by taungya system whereby farmers clear their plot for the purpose of planting annual crops but at the same time the land become clear for tree planting. Planting will be done during rainy season (December-February) Most of the planting will be done during the season when the coverage of rainfall will be high. The planting stock size will be 30 cm in height. The normal spacing for pine and cypress in the forest plantation will be 3m x 3m and for Eucalyptus will be 2m x2m. Pit size will be 30 cm x 30 cm. This will be prepared shortly before planting.

During the plan period two species will be planted. These are Pinus patula and Eucalyptus maidenii. Replanting and beating up targets for the planning period is 297ha and 257ha respectively. Also planting of 525ha will be from the extension area. The beating up will include the planted area in extension area. A total of 24 compartments will be planted in the plan period. List of compartments and areas to be planted in the plan period is shown in Table 13.

24 Â

Table 12.List of compartments and areas to be planted in the plan period

S/N Financial year 1 2 3 4 2013/14 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 2014/15 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 4 5

1 2 3

2015/16

2016/17

Block No. KT KT KT KT KT KT LW MP Total

Comp No KT 3A KT 3B KT 6B KT 4E KT 9JII KT 5A LW 2 KT 10D

Area(ha)

KT KT MP MP MP MP MP

KT 7A KT 7B KT 4B MP 4C MP 6A MP 7A MP 10B

19.6 20.8 2.6 10.6 7.8 19.6 24

LW

LW 3

215 Pp

Total

KT KT KT LW Total MP MP MP Total

KT 7Ci KT 7D KT 8A LW 4

MP 5B MP 5A MP 1H

Grand total

33 15 34.2 8 1 22 160 4 277.2

Species Pp Pp Pp Pp Pp Pp Pp/clones Pp

Pp Pp Pp Pp Pp Pp Pp

320

25.9 Pp 12.9 Pp 35.8 Pp 150 224.6 6.83 Pp 10.6 Pp 6.3 Pp 23.73 845.53

3.1.1.4.6 Nursery calendar and records The nursery calendar for P.patula and E.maidenii is shown in Table 14. A record of all nursery activities and inputs will be maintained.

Table 13.Nursery calendar for P.patula and E.maidnii Species P.patula

Sowing Day 1

Germination 15 days

Pricking out 35 days

Rootpruning 3 months (after pricking out)

Lifting 6-9 months

E. maidenii

Day 1

7 days

14 days

1 month after pricking out

6 months

The amount of seedlings to raise each plan year is shown in Table 15 for Pinus patula. No seedlings will be raised for Eucalyptus compartments will be under coppice.

25

Table 14.Pinus patula seedlings requirements

Required seedlings

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

Total

307,969

509,504

427,290

151,129

63,182

1,409,074.50

3.1.3 Survival assessment for replanting and beating up All clearfelled areas will be replanted within the year of completion of clearfelling. Beating up precedes planting of new areas to ensure that the beaten up seedlings catch up with those planted the previous year. The survival assessment will be carried out nine months after planting. Normally beating up is done if survival is greater than 40% but less than 80%. If survival is less than 40% replanting has to be done.

The survival assessment of seedlings planted during the year will be carried out in early October just before land preparation commences.

3.1.4 Tending operations 3.1.4.1 Weeding Weeding in young plantations will be done through taungya system for three consecutive years. The method of weeding used in the forest plantation will be manual.

3.1.4.2 Pruning In practice, pruning will be done during dry season to reduce the chances of fungal and insect attack through wounds. Trees will be pruned two meters in height (low pruning or brushing) for the purpose of providing access to the plantation. High pruning will be done two meters above the brushing height. Hand tools such as machetes (panga) and pruning saws will be used in both low pruning (brushing) and high pruning (quality pruning). Prunning will be pruned at age 4, 6 and 8 years according to Tanzania Forest Serviceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Technical order No.1 of 2003. The pruning schedule is given in Table 16. The first (access) pruning is carried out ½ height of the tree. The 2nd and 3rd pruning is on all trees not marked for removal during thinning. This pruning is up to 40% of tree height. Pruning is done in July to October when the weather is dry. This reduces the chances of fungal infestations.

26 Â

Table 15.List of compartments to be pruned during the planning period AGE OF PRUNNING

AREA

TYPE OF PRUNING

YEAR OF PRUNING

Block

BLOCK ID

CMPT

SPP

Kawetire

KT

KT_8E(i)

Pp

5

4

1st

Kawetire

KT

KT_9I(i)

Pp

13.5

4

1st

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2A

Pp

5

4

1st

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2B

Pp

9.71

4

1st

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2C

Pp

3.82

4

1st

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2D

Pp

3.28

4

1st

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2E

Pp

6

4

1st

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2F

Pp

8.77

4

1st

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2G

Pp

1.9

4

1st

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3B

Pp

11.2

4

1st

13/14

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3C

Pp

9.11

4

1st

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3D

Pp

6

4

1st

13/14

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3E

PP/CL

5.8

4

1st

Ipinda

IP

IP_2Ci

PP

5.1

4

1st

Ipinda

IP

IP_2F(ii)

PP/CL/EM

19.8

4

1st

13/14

Kawetire

KT

KT_5B(i)

Pp

2

4

1st

14/15

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_12A

Pp

4

1st

14/15

Kawetire

KT

KT_4A

Pp

13.8

4

1st

15/16

Kawetire

KT

KT_4B

Pp

13.8

4

1st

15/16

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_10A

Pp

3.4

4

1st

16/17

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_10C

Pp

6.4

4

1st

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_10D

Pp

4

4

1st

LW_1

Pp

210

4

1st

25

4

1st

16/17 13/14

13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14

13/14 13/14 13/14

16/17 16/17 16/17

Lwanjiro

LW

LW_2

E(Clones)

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3A

PP

10.2

6

2nd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1E

EM

2.2

6

2nd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1G

PP

2.2

6

2nd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1H(ii)

CL

2.8

6

2nd

13/14

Kawetire

KT

KT_8D(i)

PP

19.6

6

2nd

14/15

Kawetire

KT

KT_8D(ii)

PP

7.3

6

2nd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1D

CL

4.7

6

2nd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1F

PP/CL

5.5

6

2nd

14/15

Kawetire

KT

KT_8E(i)

PP

5

6

2nd

15/16

Kawetire

KT

KT_9I(i)

PP

13.5

6

2nd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2A

PP

5

6

2nd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2B

PP

9.71

6

2nd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2C

PP

3.82

6

2nd

13/14 13/14

14/15 14/15

15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16

27 Â

AREA

TYPE OF PRUNING

YEAR OF PRUNING 15/16

BLOCK ID

CMPT

SPP

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2D

PP

3.28

6

2nd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2E

PP

6

6

2nd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2F

PP

8.77

6

2nd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2G

PP

1.9

6

2nd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3B

PP

11.2

6

2nd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3C

PP

9.11

6

2nd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3D

PP

6

6

2nd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3E

PP/CL

5.8

6

2nd

Ipinda

IP

IP_2Ci

PP

5.1

6

2nd

Ipinda

IP

IP_2F(ii)

PP/CL/EM

19.8

6

2nd

15/16

Ipinda

IP

IP_2G(ii)

Pp

2.6

8

3rd

13/14

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3A

Pp

10.2

8

3rd

15/16

Ipinda

IP

IP_1E

Pp

2.2

8

3rd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1G

Pp

2.2

8

3rd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1H(ii)

Pp

2.8

8

3rd

15/16

Kawetire

KT

KT_8D(i)

Pp

19.6

8

3rd

16/17

Kawetire

KT

KT_8D(ii)

PP

7.3

8

3rd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1D

PP

4.7

8

3rd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1F

CL

5.5

8

3rd

16/17

Kawetire

KT

KT_8D(i)

PP

19.6

8

3rd

17/18

Kawetire

KT

KT_8D(ii)

PP

7.3

8

3rd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1D

CL

4.7

8

3rd

Ipinda

IP

IP_1F

PP/CL

5.5

8

3rd

17/18

Kawetire

KT

KT_8E(i)

PP

5

8

3rd

17/18

Kawetire

KT

KT_9I(i)

PP

13.5

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2A

PP

5

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2B

PP

9.71

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2C

PP

3.82

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2D

PP

3.28

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2E

PP

6

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2F

PP

8.77

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_2G

PP

1.9

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3B

PP

11.2

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3C

PP

9.11

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3D

PP

6

8

3rd

Mbeya Peak

MP

MP_3E

PP/CL

5.8

8

3rd

Ipinda

IP

IP_2Ci

PP

5.1

8

3rd

Ipinda

IP

IP_2F(ii)

PP/CL/EM

19.8

8

3rd

28 Â

AGE OF PRUNNING

Block

15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16

15/16 15/16

16/17 16/17

17/18 17/18

17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18 17/18

3.1.4.3 Thinning The operation will be effected between ages 10-15 years for Pinus patula in accordance with Technical order No 1 of 2003. Thinning in newly planted Eucalyptus maidenii will start at the age of 6 years. Subsequent coppice thinning will depend on coppice vigour and prevailing market conditions.

3.2

ROADS

3.2.1 Construction Road construction will be carried out in the new plantations of Lwanjiro. Road alignment will be carried out during the surveying of the area which is not mapped yet. A total of 10km will be constructed.

3.2.2 Maintenance Road maintenance will be carried out in all 46.9 km of existing roads. Maintenance will include repair of culverts and bridges. Maintenance of roads shall be carried out every 5 years (heavy maintenance involving earthmovers) and every year (with hand tools). Emergency maintenance will be carried out whenever the need arises. Roads will be maintained immediately after annual rains come to an end (around June).

3.3 BUILDINGS 3.3.1 Construction There will be construction of four houses for Range managers at Mbeya Peak, Lwanjiro and Ipinda and one for plantation Manager.Renovations of existing quarters will start with valuation of work involved. The renovations will involve all houses and buildings Table 25.

3.3.2 Maintenance Maintenance of the 26 buildings will be done throughout the plan period. Plantation staff and casual labours will be used for effecting minor repairs. Assessment of buildings for maintenance will be done by Tanzania Building Agency (TBA) and thereafter they produce Bill of Quantities (BQ). The maintenance will follow the plantation priories. The priority of maintenance will focus on the extent of damage. Minor maintenance will be done by plantation staff 3.3.3 VEHICLES, PLANTS EQUIPMENTS AND TOOLS Procurement During the planning period the plantation is intending to procure four motorcycles and one tipping lorry/tractor for performing different plantation activities. Procurement procedure will follow after consultation with Chief Executive Officer. Two motorcycles will be procured in the year 2014/15 and two in the year 2015/16 and the lorry in the year 2013/14. The type of vehicle, plants and equipment to be procured will be shown in APOs following the procurement schedule in Table 24.

3.3.4 Maintenance The maintenance of the vehicles and plants will be done according to maintenance schedule. Refer list of vehicle to be maintained Table 17.

29 Â

Maintenance schedules will be followed according to the manufacturer specifications and will depend on conditions for use such as road conditions, kilometres or machine hours covered.

Table 16.List vehicle and plant to be maintained during the plan period S/No

Vehicle No/Machinery

Make

Condition

Status

1

STK 1106

Toyota Land Cruiser (Hardtop)

Good

Running

2

STK 3510

Toyota Land Cruiser (Hardtop)

Good

Running

3

STJ 9167

Honda M/Cycle

Bad

Not running

4

Generator 48096-25HP

Dale

Bad

Not running

3.3.5 Disposition Replacement of unserviceable tools and equipment will be done during the plan period according to the APOs. Currently there is on Motorcycle STJ 9167 and one Generator 48096 -25 HP which are beyond maintenance therefore need to be disposed.

3.4 COMMUNICATION FACILITIES The plantation will improve communication facilities by installing internet services, fax, landline telephone, TV, radio call and installation of booster so as to improve reception for mobile networks. The aim is to ensure good communication in and outside the plantation area. No communication facilities available in staff houses.

However, the use of mobile phones is to a greater extent facilitating the communication between staff and other plantation stakeholders for official and private purposes.

Limited air time will be provided strategically to facilitate communication between staff members.

3.5 WATER SUPPLY AND ELECTRICITY The Plantation will ensure good supply of water for domestic and plantation uses using the existing sources.

Water for domestic use will be pumped to the reservoir tank for use and distribution.

Regular maintenance of this water system will be done during the plan period.

3.6 HUMAN RESOURCES TFS will recruit new permanent term staff following recommendations from the Forest Manager. The Plantation Manager will strive to cover the staff deficit of 10 staff as identified in Table 18. Recruitments of temporary staff will be initiated by the Forest Manager whenever need arises.

The plantation management will facilitate and ensure that every staff follows training programme as planned

by MFP. In the planning period, a total of 10 staff will be trained through short courses/on job training in order to improve their working capacities.

Training in introduction to computer, maintenance of machines, inventory, forestry management and administration will be given priority. The long term training programmes will be financed by the TFS. The aim is to ensure that all staff are competent in their working areas.

30 Â

Table 17.Staff strength and requirements, Kawetire Forest Plantation Rank

Existing strength

Additions/Deletions

Actual requirement

Remarks

Forest Officer I

1

0

1

Manager

Forest officer II

1

0

1

Asst Manager

Senior Asst Forest Officer

2

0

2

Range Incharge

Asst Forest Officer

2

0

2

Range Incharge

Personal secretary III

1

0

1

Clinical officer

1

0

1

Senior Forest Asst

2

Forest Asst II

30

Accounts

1

Drivers

0

2

2

Carpenter

0

1

1

Mechanic

0

1

1

Watchmen

0

4

4

Plumber

0

1

1

Technician

0

1

1

Incharge Dispensary

3.7 REVENUE GENERATION The main source of revenue for the plantation is sales of sawlogs, poles and firewood. Other sources of revenue include road fees, machinery installation fees, cultivation fees, fines and services. All revenues collected will be receipted for and recorded in relevant financial books as per treasury regulations. The plantation will operate the LMDA for depositing fees charged for silvicultural and road activities.

3.7.1 Forecasted total revenues during the planning period 3.7.2

Forecasted revenues from thinnings and clearfellings

The forecasted revenue from thinning and clearfellings during the plan period is shown in Table 19.

Table 18.Forecasted revenue from thinning and clearfellings during the plan 2013/14 - 2017/18

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

Allowable cut (standing) m3

17,199.00

17,559.00

9,841

18,500

18,052

LMDA

240,786,000

245,826,000

137,774,000

284,900,000

278,000,800

Royalty

354505788

361,926,108

202,842,692

438,672,000

428,049,024

Total

595,291788

607,752,108

340,616,692

723,572,000

706,049,824

However, the plantation will also try to create other sources of revenues such as, camping sites and ecotourism. Staff salaries should continue to be paid by the TFS. Sales of logs will be done as per TFS prevailing rules and regulation.

31

m3

Royalty Firewood

Registration fee

RM

LMDA of Poles

Total

RM

Royalty of poles

various

M3

Royalty softwood

Others

M3

Road fee Softwood

M3

Unit

Silviculture fee Softwood

Item /Activity

Target

2,000

5,000

5,000

17,199

17,199

17,199

Unit rev

5.12

28

0.64

20.612

7.00

7.00

Total Rev 642,406

12,000

19,675

10,240

14,000

3200

354,505.

120,393

120,393

Target

2,000

4500

4,500

17,559

17,559

17,559

5.12

28

0.64

20.612

7.0

7.0

Unit rev

2014/2015

Total rev 778,547

12,000

19,675

10,240

126,000

2880

361,926.1

122,913

122,913

Target

1,500

4,800

4,800

9,841

9,841

9,841

2015/2016

5.12

28

0.64

20.612

7.0

7.0

Unit rev

2013/2014

Total rev 513,508

12,000

15,740

7,680

134,400

3072

202,842

68,887

68,887

Target

1,200

4,000

4,000

18,500

18,500

18,500

Unit rev

0

0

5.632

28

0.64

23.712

7.7

7.7

2016/2017

867,550

12,000

23,610

6,758.4

112,000

2560

438,672

129,500

142,450

Total rev

Table 19.Summary of Forecasted Revenues (TZS x 1000)

1,200

4,200

4,200

18,052

18,052

18,052

Target

840,459

12,000

8,000

6,758.4

117,600

2688

428,049

126,364

139,000

Grand Total 3,642,470

0

0

5.632

28

0.64

23.712

7.0

7.7

2017/2018

During the planning period the sources of revenues will be mainly from the sales of saw logs (thinnings and clearfellings), poles, withies, firewood, and road and silviculture fees. Other sources include; fines and road fees. During the plan period a total of Tsh 3,642,470,000 will be collected as shown in Table 19.

3.7.3 Forecasted total revenues during the planning period

Unit rev

Total rev

32

37.4 Control of Revenues The forest Manager will conduct regular training for personnel involved in revenue collection, timber grading, checkpoints, billing and timber measurement. Verification of field measurements will be done to ensure that correct measurement and records are taken. The Forest Plantation will collect government revenues by using authorized documents such as ERVs and License books. The daily collections must be promptly acknowledged through proper ERVs after banking by customers. The established gates and checkpoints will be used to monitor forest products passing through it whether they are covered by appropriate movement order/documents (transit passes, felling licences and ERVs).

3.8 UTILIZATION 3.8.1 Harvesting plans Inventory data collected in November 2012 has been used to prepare the harvesting plan. Harvesting will be done by customers under the supervision of forest staff to ensure no destruction is done and no thefts of forest produce. The total allowable cut for the whole planning period is 84,102 m3 as shown in Table 20.

Table 20.Summary of allowable cut for 2013/14 – 2017/18 Year 2013/14

Thinning Volume

Clearfelling Volume

Total

17,199

17,199

17,559

17,559

2014/15 2015/16

2697.842

9,841

12,534

2016/17

18,500

18,500

2017/18

258.81

18,052

18,310

84,102

Total

3.8.2 Clearfelling Clear felling will be carried out by customers after the timber volume has been assessed and appropriate fees paid. Volume assessment will be carried out just before harvesting. Prevailing tariffs as published regularly in government notices will be used for assessing the fees to be paid. To ease compilation data of logs harvested will be entered in a tally sheet. Volume compilation and billing will be done by plantation staff. Inventory data collected in November 2013 has been used to prepare the harvesting plan. Rotation age will be 18years according to the preliminary report basing research conducted by TAFORI basing on the comparisons of wood strength properties which revealed that the rotation age for Kawetire and Kiwira has no significant difference between the trees with r 25 and 18 years thus clearfelling can start from 18years.

The bulk of logs will be sold to customers with sawmilling capacities. All harvesting will adhere to environmental and economic aspects in that the environment shall be protected in the process and wastage of logs whether paid or not shall be avoided. Allowable cuts will be adhered to in executing the harvesting plans( Table 21 and 22).

33

Table 21.Compartments to be clear felled for the planning period Year 2013/14

Total 2014/15

Compartment No.

SPP

MP – 4B

Pp

25

2.6

150

390

MP – 4C

Pp

25

10.6

154.14

1634

MP- 6A

Pp

23

7.8

285.18

2224

MP - 7A

Pp

23

14

234.935

3289

MP - 10B

Pp

24

24

173.027

4153

KT - 7A

Pp

25

19.6

96.793

1897

KT - 7B

Pp

25

20.8

173.651

3612

KT – 7CI

Pp

25

25.9

214.258

5549

KT – 7D

Pp

25

12.9

192.319

2481

KT – 7CII

Pp

25

2.0

260.5

521

KT – 8A

Pp

24

35.8

205.19

7,339

KT – 6A

Pp

25

6.9

241.18

1,669

83.5

17,559

Total 2015/16

AGE

Area (ha)

94.8

Vol/ha

Total Vol. to be clear felled

17,199

MP – 5B

Pp

24

6.83

143.97

983

MP – 5A

Pp

24

10.6

349.39

3704

MP -1H

Pp

25

6.3

247.11

1577

MP-9A

Pp

18

6.6

99.8

659

KT_6C(i)

Pp

18

1.4

190

266

KT_6C(ii)

Pp

18

2

171.5

345

KT_6C(iii)

Pp

18

1.4

492.9

690

KT_5Biii

Pp

18

2.25

75.31

1083

KT-9Ai

Pp

18

4.2

127.14

534

Total

9,841

2016/17 KT-10B

Pp

18

16.6

95.4

1584

KT-10C

Pp

18

16.6

133.7

2220

KT-10Di

Pp

18

9.1

60.9

546

KT-10E

Pp

18

14.6

95.0

1388

KT-10F

Pp

18

17

38.0

658

KT-3C

Pp

18

12.3

117.1

1441

KT-9Aii

Pp

18

5.4

116.7

630

KT-9Bi

Pp

18

10.9

122.2

1332

KT-9Bii

Pp

18

15.8

118.6

1874

KT-9C

Pp

18

23.2

112.2

2602

KT-9D

Pp

18

25.5

47.5

1210

KT-9E

Pp

18

23.9

126.2

3015 18,500

2017/18

34

KT-9F

Pp

18

22.9

118.0

2703

KT-9G

Pp

18

23.9

149.2

3567

KT-9Iii

Pp

18

4.0

61.0

244

KT-9Ji

Pp

18

8.0

88.3

707

KT-9K

Pp

18

18

121.1

2180

KT-9L

Pp

18

19.2

47.3

908

KT-9Mi

Pp

18

6.5

107.7

700

KT-9Mii

Pp

18

12.5

123.2

1540

IP-10A

Pp

18

15.8

105.5

1667

IP-10Gii

Pp

18

5.0

23.8

119

IP-10Gi

Pp

18

23.1

50.3

1161

IP-10I

Pp

18

28.0

91.3

2556

TOTAL

18,052

3.8.3 Thinning The thinning program during the plan period is shown in Table 20. The thinning will be selective and priority for removals is for defective and diseased trees. Trees to be thinned will be marked by plantation staff following directives given in the Technical Order No.1 of 2003. Thinning will be done by customers under supervision of plantation staff. A total of 4545 m3­ will be thinned during the planning period.

Table 22.Compartments to be thinned in Kawetire during the planning period Year

Compt No

Sp

Area

Site class

Thinning No

Age thinned

Vol/ha

Total V

MP_1A

Pp

8.1

III

2

15

80.67

653.427

2015/16

MP_1B

Pp

14.3

IV

2

15

58.5

836.55

MP_1E

Pp

7

V

2

15

54.02

378.14

MP_1F

Pp

11.5

III

2

15

72.15

829.725

2016/17

MP_1i

2013/14 2014/15

Sub total

Sub total

40.9 Pp

4.48

2698 IV

2

15

57.77

259

4.48

259

3.9.2 Sales 3.92.1 Prices The prices are reviewed periodically depending on the prevailing markets. The current prices for forest produce were reviewed in year 2011 as stipulated in GN No. 432 of 9/12/2011. Trees will be sold by standing volume with exception of poles and firewood which will be sold by running meters/pieces and stacked volume respectively. Also withies are sold in terms of loads.

35

3.9.2.2 Markets The market demand for forest products is currently high and the plantation is unable to meet this demand.

The demand of forest products is higher compared to the allowable cut, the demand is up to 300 customers demanding more than 240,000 m3 whereas the Plantation is capable of supplying 17,905 m3 per year.

The Forest Plantation will continue to supply raw material to the registered and approved saw millers and other customers depending on the availability. However, there is a growing discussion on the possibility of selling the standing timber by auction as a strategy to improve transparency on allocations and increasing revenues.

The final decision on the allocations of raw materials to customers and the method of selling will be made by the plantation allocation committee and TFS CEO respectively.

3.10 FOREST PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 3.10.1 Fire prevention and Control During the plan period, the plantation will be protected from fire. Fire plan will be implemented in order to control fire occurrence. The following measures will be undertaken to prevent and control forest fire occurrences and eventually put off fires.

• Cleaning fire breaks before the fire season to remove highly combustible wood and grass; • Purchasing and maintaining fire fighting equipment in a good working condition ready for use in case of fire.

• Preventing the use of fire for land preparation by taungya farmers; • Keeping a roster of fire fighting crews and a standby vehicle during the fire season; and • Training plantation staff and community members from adjacent village on fire fighting techniques.

The objective of such protective measures is to ensure that fire does not start in the forest and adjacent areas and if starts it is put off immediately before causing destruction. The fire plan to be used for the plan period is attached as an Appendix IV. Adherence to the directives given in the plan will be enforced to ensure its success and the safety of the forest.

3.10.2 Biotic destruction outbreaks Where there is an outbreak of disease or harmful insects immediate measures will be applied for control.

If however the correct measures are not known assistance will be sought from other relevant organizations e.g. TAFORI. In any case Chief Executive - TFS shall be informed of any such outbreak even if the control measures have been successful.

3.10.3 Abiotic destructive outbreaks Factors that cause forest destruction such as frost, prolonged unfavorable weather, mineral deficiencies, etc. will be dealt with as necessary, assistance being sought from relevant organizations when required.

3.10.4 Man caused destruction Destruction caused by man’s influence eg encroachment, illegal harvesting, animal grazing etc will be dealt with through patrolling the whole forest area. Wherever possible advice rather than punishment will be used to ensure these people adhere to safety relations by understanding the needs for adhering to such regulations.

Strict supervision will be effected to ensure that all forms of destruction to trees and the environment are avoided especially in areas allocated for crop cultivation in young trees.

36

3.10.5 Rehabilitation of affected areas Assessment of areas affected by any destructive agent will be carried out immediately after the destruction has been controlled or has passed. Such reporting will be done using standard TFS forms.

3.11 Environmental protection The different environmental protection remedies described in section B will be applied. Planting of harvestable trees and cultivation in gentle slopes will be restricted to within 25 metres of stream banks, whereas in slopes of 50% or more the planting increase to 50 metres. All areas subject to environmental hazards eg landslides, shall be left to generate naturally. In any case, the areas between harvestable trees and streambanks should have adequate natural growth so as to allow filtration of rainwater from the harvesting area before it reaches the streamflow. Areas restricted to tree planting and their prescriptions are shown in maps JB2108 and JB2223.

3.12 RESOURCE ASSESSMENT Resurveying and mapping will be conducted in order to update the existing maps and forest stocking levels.

The stocking level in newly planted compartments will be basis for beating up (Section 3.1.3) During the planning period boundary consolidation and replacing missing beacons particularly in areas bordering adjacent villages will be carry out.

For the determination of harvesting coupes the plantation uses tarrif tables. Procedure for determining the tarrif number involves laying down sample plots in the compartment. The number of the plots depends on the area of the compartment. Kawetire Forest Plantation has trees within the compartment with varying ages due to late beating up, different planting period and taungya system. Therefore, during tarrif number determination, there will be stratification of compartments in order to get appropriate tarrif Numbers.

The value of the coupe will depend on the coupe size and tarrif number. The coupes are allocated to customers according to their raw material allocation. As a control measure ground scaling of sold logs will be carried out before transportation. Also firewood will be sold by stacked volume. Withies and poles will be measure and sold by loads (30withies) and running meter respectively. Transit Pass (TP) will be issued to customers.

37 Â

CHAPTER

38 Â

4

CHAPTER FOUR 4.0

BUDGET ESTIMATES

During the management plan period, the plantation will spend a total amount of Tshs 2,715,665,731 for implementing planned operations Table 23.Running, maintenance and procurement of vehicles, plants and equipment Estimated cost per unit (Tshs)

Total Cost

various

5,000,000

5,000,000

14000

2,500

35,000,000

1

100,000,000

100,000,000

140,000,000

Toyota L/C STK 1106

unit

1

12,000,000

12,000,000

M/cycle STJ 9167

Unit

1

Generator

1

Toyota L/C STK 3510

unit

1

Lorry Spares Diesel Chainsaw M/cycle

Unit Various lts 2 2

12,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 2,500 1,500,000 5,000,000

12,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 35,000,000 3,000,000 10,000,000 82,000,000

Toyota L/C STK 1106

unit

1

12,000,000.00

12,000,000.00

Lorry

1

5,000,000.00

5,000,000.00

M/cycle

3

500,000.00

1,500,000.00

Generator

1

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Toyota L/C STK 3510

unit

1

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Lorry

Unit

1

5,000,000.00

5,000,000.00

Spares

Various

various

lumpsum

Diesel

lts

22000

2,700

Financial Year

Activity to achieve targets

Input required for each activity

Unit

Spares

Various

Running costs (fuel and spares)

Diesel

lts

Procurement

Lorry

unit

SUB TOTAL

Maintenance (labour cost) 2013-2014

Running costs (fuel and spares) Procurement

SUB TOTAL

Maintenance(labour cost)

2014-2015

Running (costs) Procurement

M/cycle

Maintanace

M/cycle

SUB TOTAL

Quantity

2 unit

1 various 14000

2

7,000,000.00 59,400,000.00

5,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

500,000.00

1,000,000.00 111,900,000.00

39

Maintenance(labour cost)

20152016

Running (costs) SUB TOTAL

Maintenance(labour cost)

20162017

Running (costs) SU TOTAL

TOTAL

Toyota L/C STK 1106

unit

1

Lorry

1

M/cycle

4

Generator

1

Toyota L/C STK 3510

unit

1

Spares

Various

various

lumpsum

Diesel

lts

22000

2,700

Toyota L/C STK 1106

unit

1

Lorry

1

M/cycle

4

Generator

1

Toyota L/C STK 3510

unit

1

Spares

Various

various

lumpsum

Diesel

lts

25000

2,700

14,000,000.00

14,000,000.00

5,000,000.00

5,000,000.00

500,000.00

2,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

12,000,000.00

12,000,000.00 1,000,000.00

59,400,000.00 94,400,000.00

14,000,000.00

14,000,000.00

5,000,000.00

5,000,000.00

500,000.00

2,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

12,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

8,000,000.00 67,500,000.00 107,500,000.00 535,800,000.00

Table 24.Maintenance and construction of buildings and other installations Financial year

2013/14

Activity

Unit of measure

Unit cost

Total cost

Maintenance of buildings

7 houses

22,511,025.71

157,577,180.00

Construction of houses

3houses

15,000,000.00

45,000,000.00

Construction of pit latrines

2 units

4,450,000.00

8,900,000.00

Replace electric system

7 houses

800,000.00

5,600,000.00

Maintanance of water system

Various

21,000,000.00

21,000,000.00

Construction of fire tower

1

15,000,000.00

15,000,000.00

Installation of radiocall base

1

3,500,000.00

3,500,000.00

Sub total

253,077,180.00

2014/15

Maintenance of houses

5 houses

22,511,025.71

112,555,128.57

Replace electric system

5 houses

800,000.00

4,000,000.00

Construction of houses

1(grade A houses)

42,292,654.00

42,292,654.00

Construction of pit latrines

2 units

4,450,000.00

8,900,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Maintance of office

40

1

Maintenance of dispensary

1 building

5,600,000.00

5,600,000.00

Maintenance of social Hall

1 unit

35,600,000.00

35,600,000.00

Sub total

218,947,782.57

2015/16 Sub total

Maintenance of houses

5 houses

25,511,025.71

127,555,128.57

Replace electric system

5 houses

800,000.00

4,000,000.00

Construction of pit latrines

2 units

5,000,000.00

20,000,000.00

151,555,128.57

2016/17 Sub total

Maintenance of houses

5houses

25,511,025.71

127,555,128.57

Replace electric system

5 houses

800,000.00

4,000,000.00

Construction of pit latrines

2 units

5,000,000.00

20,000,000.00

151,555,128.57

2017/2018 Sub total

Maintanance of houses

2 houses

25,511,025.71

51,022,051.43

Replace of electic system

2 houses

800,000.00

1,600,000.00

52,622,051.43

Total

827,757,271

Table 25.Office Administration Financial year

Activity to achieve target

Input required

Purchase of stationary

Various

Estimated costs 1,000,000.00

Postage services

Various

500,000.00

500,000.00

Procurement of photocopier

1 unit

1,200,000.00

1,200,000.00

Purchase computer assessories

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

15,000,000.00

15,000,000.00

Electric bills

Various 1desk top 2laptops,1p.point

1,800,000.00

1,800,000.00

Extra duty

Mandays

12,000,000.00

12,000,000.00

Travelling on leave

4,000,000.00

4,000,000.00

Official meetings per diem

5,500,000.00

5,500,000.00

Kitchen utencils

1,200,000.00

1,200,000.00

Air ticket

4,800,000.00

4,800,000.00

Ground ticket

3,600,000.00

3,600,000.00

9,360,000.00

9,360,000.00

Procument of computers

2013/14

Station upkeep

5

1,000,000.00

Uniforms

4,500,000.00

4,500,000.00

Study tours

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Burial services

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Drivers, watchmen and carpenter

12,600,000.00

12,600,000.00

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Purchase of TV

Total costs

2

Air time

4,200,000.00

4,200,000.00

90,260,000.00

41

Purchase of stationary

Various

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Postage services

Various

500,000.00

500,000.00

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Install internet services Purchase computer assessories

Various

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Electricity bills

1,800,000.00

1,560,000.00

Extra duty

12,000,000.00

12,000,000.00

Air ticket

4,800,000.00

4,800,000.00

Ground ticket

3,600,000.00

3,600,000.00

9,360,000.00

9,360,000.00

Station upkeep 2014/15

5

Travelling on leave

5,000,000.00

5,000,000.00

Study tours

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Official meetings( per diem)

5,500,000.00

5,500,000.00

Uniforms

4,500,000.00

4,500,000.00

Burial services

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Drivers, watchmen and carpenter

12,600,000.00

12,600,000.00

Medical and dental refund

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Air time

1,600,000.00

1,600,000.00

Procure fax machine

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Installation of telephone

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Gift and prises

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Furniture curtains and floorings

8,200,000.00

8,200,000.00

86,220,000.00

24

Purchase of stationary

Various

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Postage services

Various

500,000.00

500,000.00

Procure office furniture

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Purchase computer assessories

Various

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Electricity bills

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Extra duty

Mandays

1,000,000.00

12,000,000.00

Travelling on leave

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Air ticket

4,800,000.00

4,800,000.00

Ground ticket

800,000.00

800,000.00

Official meetings( per diem)

6,500,000.00

6,500,000.00

Internate service

3,600,000.00

3,600,000.00

Uniforms

4,500,000.00

4,500,000.00

Medical and dental refund

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Station upkeep

10,800,000.00

10,800,000.00

Burial services

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Drivers, watchmen and carpenter

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Air time

1,600,000.00

1,600,000.00

68,100,000.00

2015/16

42

2016/17

2017/18

Purchase of stationary

Various

1,500,000.00

1,500,000.00

Postage services

Various

500,000.00

500,000.00

Procure office furniture

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Purchase computer assessories

Various

1,000,000.00

1000000.00

Electricity bills

400,000.00

400,000.00

Extra duty

Mandays

15,000,000.00

15,000,000.00

Procure laptop computer

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Internate service

3,600,000.00

3,600,000.00

Travelling on leave

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Official meetings( per diem)

3,600,000.00

3,600,000.00

Air ticket

4,800,000.00

4,800,000.00

Ground ticket

800,000.00

800,000.00

Uniforms

4,500,000.00

4,500,000.00

Study tours

7,000,000.00

7,000,000.00

Medical and dental refund

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Gift and prises

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Burial services

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Drivers, watchmen and carpenter

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Air time

1,600,000.00

1,600,000.00

Sub total

65,300,000.00

Purchase of stationary

Various

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Postage services

Various

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Procure office furniture

2,000,000.00

2,000,000.00

Purchase computer assessories

Various

1,500,000.00

1,500,000.00

Electricity bills

2,500,000.00

2,500,000.00

Internate service

3,600,000.00

3,600,000.00

Extra duty

Mandays

15,000,000.00

15,000,000.00

Travelling on leave

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Air ticket

4,800,000.00

4,800,000.00

Ground ticket

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Official meetings( per diem)

3,600,000.00

3,600,000.00

Uniforms

4,500,000.00

4,500,000.00

Burial services

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Medical and dental refund

1,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

Drivers, watchmen

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Telephone/ internet bills

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Procure 2 new desktop computers

2,500,000.00

5,000,000.00

Sub total

65,500,000.00

Total

375,380,000.00

43

44

1md/100seed

20

10

10

Nursery Plants (No)

Land preparation (ha)

Planting (ha)

Weeding (ha)

Beating up

Weeding (ha)

Weeding (Ha)

Singling (replanting)

Sanitary Slashing

1st Pruning

2nd Pruning

3rd Pruning

Marrking 1st Thinn

1st Thinning

0

0

0

0

1

1

2

3

3

4

6

8

10

10

10

5

20

15

12

10

10

10

10

10

M/days/unit

Operation

Age (yrs)

52000.00

26000.00

104000.00

78000.00

62400.00

52000.00

52000.00

52000.00

52000.00

52000.00

52000.00

52000.00

104000.00

60

274.2

274.2

119.05

33.2

80.5

60

0

0

82

200

400

400

14,258,400.00

7,129,200.00

12,381,200.00

2,589,600.00

5,023,200.00

3,120,000.00

-

-

4,264,000.00

10,400,000.00

20,800,000.00

20,800,000.00

41,600,000.00

36956280

307969

400

36,000,000.00

600,000

Tshs

Unit cost

Quantity

2013/2014

Table 26.Silviculture, Roads and Protection Needs

119.05

119.05

33.2

7

20.4

400

82

400

400

300

300

300

355520

390,000

Quantity

6,190,600.00

3,095,300.00

3,452,800.00

546,000.00

1,272,960.00

20,800,000.00

-

4,264,000.00

20,800,000.00

20,800,000.00

15,600,000.00

15,600,000.00

31,200,000.00

42662400

23,400,000.00

Tshs

2014/2015

66.1

66.1

76.5

300

88.17

400

300

300

150

300

249530

390,000

Quantity

3,437,200.00

1,718,600.00

-

5,967,000.00

0

15,600,000.00

4,584,840.00

20,800,000.00

15,600,000.00

0

15,600,000.00

7,800,000.00

31,200,000.00

29943600

23,400,000.00

Tshs

2015/2016

1726400

863200

33.2

33.2

728000

1591200

5366400

15600000

0

15600000

15600000

0

15600000

7800000

31200000

3163680

23400000

Tshs

7

20.4

86

300

300

300

300

150

300

26364

390,000

Quantity

2016/2017

76.5

300

300

300

300

100

300

390000

390,000

Quantity

0

0

7956000

0

0

15600000

0

15600000

15600000

0

15600000

5200000

31200000

46800000

23400000

Tshs

2017/2018

492.6

492.6

235.8

137.1

186.9

1360.0

88.2

1082.0

1382.0

600.0

1600.0

1100.0

1600.0

2160000

2160000.0

Quantity

25,612,600

12,806,300

24,518,000

10,693,800

11,662,560

70,720,000

4,584,840

56,264,000

71,864,000

31,200,000

83,200,000

57,200,000

166,400,000

159525960

129,600,000

Tshs

Total

45

50

10

20

10

1920

Coppice reduction

Silviculture –Total

ROADS

Maintenance (km)

Construction (manual)km

ROADS

Forest protection (ha)

(i) fireline slashing (km)

(ii) fireline screefing (km)

(iii) control burning(km)

(iv) Forest patrol(mdays)

Forest protection (ha)

10

customers

2nd Thinning

15

5

Marking 2st Thinn

15

#########

52000.00

104000.00

52000.00

0.00

1,000,000

260000.00

0.00

5200.00

26000.00

40

40

40

0

56.9

0

35

0

18,304,000

9,984,000.00

2,080,000.00

4,160,000.00

2,080,000.00

-

14,794,000

-

14,794,000.00

-

178,365,600

182,000.00

-

-

40

40

40

10

46.9

35

18,304,000

9,984,000.00

2,080,000.00

4,160,000.00

2,080,000.00

-

22,194,000

10,000,000.00

12,194,000.00

-

167,021,660

182,000.00

-

-

40

40

40

66.9

35

68.2

18,304,000

9,984,000.00

2,080,000.00

4,160,000.00

2,080,000.00

0

17,394,000

0

17,394,000.00

0

147,480,840

182000

0

1,773,200.00

40

40

40

66.9

216.3

18,304,000

9,984,000.00

2080000

4160000

2080000

0

17,394,000

0

17394000

0

140,699,000

0

5623800

40

40

40

66.9

91.9

18,304,000

9,984,000.00

2080000

4160000

2080000

0

17,394,000

0

17394000

0

132,545,400

0

2389400

0.0

200.0

200.0

200.0

0.0

10.0

304.5

0.0

0.0

376.4

91,520,000

0

10400000

20800000

10400000

0

89,170,000

10000000

79170000

0

766,112,500

-

9,786,400

Table 27.Summary of budget estimates (Tshs) for the entire planning period S/No

Planned operation /Activity

Estimated Costs (Tshs)

1

Silvicultural operations

796,038,460

2

Forest protection

91,520,000

3

Running and maintenance of plants and vehicles

535,800,000

4

Office administration

375,380,000

5

Maintenance and construction of roads

89,170,000

6

Maintenance and construction of buildings

827,757,271

TOTAL

2,715,665,731

46 Â

APPENDICES APPENDIX I: KAWETIRE FOREST PLANTATION ORGANIZATION CHART

47 Â

48

MP

LW

LW

KT

KT

KT

MP

KT

KT

MP

MP

MP

MP

MP

MP

MP

MP

MP

MP

MP

IP

IP

KT

KT

LWANJIRO

LWANJIRO

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

IPINDA

IPINDA

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MP

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MP

BLOCK ID

MBEYA PEAK

BLOCK

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

IPINDA

IPINDA

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

LWANJIRO

LWANJILO

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

SUB BLOCK

KT_8D(ii)

KT_8D(i)

IP_2F(ii)

IP_2Ci

MP_3E

MP_3D

MP_3C

MP_3B

MP_2G

MP_2F

MP_2E

MP_2D

MP_2C

MP_2B

MP_2A

KT_9I(i)

KT_8E(i)

MP_12A

KT_5B(i)

KT_4B

KT_4A

LW_2

LW_1

MP_10D

MP_10C

MP_10A

CMPT

PP

PP

PP/CL/EM

PP

PP/CL

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

pp

PP

PP

PP

E(Clones)

PP

pp

pp

pp

SPP

7.3

19.6

19.8

5.1

5.8

6

9.11

11.2

1.9

8.77

6

3.28

3.82

9.71

5

13.5

5

2

13.8

13.8

25

210

4

6.4

3.4

AREA

AGE YRS

5

5

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

2

2

0

0

0

0

0

21

20

D MEAN/ HA

14.8

12.1

H MEAN/ HA

SITE CLASS

15.39

3560

BASAL AREA/ HA

APPENDIX II: KAWETIRE FOREST PLANTATION COMPARTMENT REGISTER 2013

231

562

940

484

1199

573

1044

602

5448

317

1300

2022

1720

488

5743

185

677

142

444

421

SPH/ HA

1111

1111

650

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

YT SPH

0

0

0

0

0

111.2

337.4

3.333

3.276

0.5

2.086

2.5

13.68

0

3

1.22

5.497

1.957

8.4

21.41

VOL/ HA

YT VOL/ HA

YT CAI(M3/ HA/YR

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ADJ CAI

TOTAL CAI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Clearfelled 2007

Clearfelled 2007

First thinning 2011

Last thinning 2010

Not surveyed

Cleafelled 2009/2010

Cleafelled 2009/2010

Planted 2013

Planted 2013

REMARKS

49

MP

IP

IP

IP

IP

KT

KT

KT

KT

IP

IP

IP

KT

MP

IP

IP

IP

IP

IP

IP

MP

KT

MP

MP

MP

MP

KT

MBEYA PEAK

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

IP

IPINDA

IP

BLOCK ID

IPINDA

BLOCK

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

MBEYA PEAK

IPINDA

IPINDA

SUB BLOCK

MP_1D

KT_8C

MP_1F

MP_1E

MP_1B

MP_1A

KT_4E

MP_1I

IP_2G(v)

IP_2D2

IP_2D1

IP_2Cii

IP_2B

IP_1A

MP_11A

KT_8F

IP_1C

IP_2G(i)

IP_1B

KT_5B(ii)

KT_5Aiv

KT_5Aiii

KT_5Aii

IP_2G(ii)

IP_1H(ii)

IP_1G

IP_1E

MP_3A

IP_1F

IP_1D

CMPT

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

Pp

EM

PP/CL

Pp

PP

EM

PP

PP

PP

Pp

PP

PP

Pp

Pp

PP

Pp

CL

PP

EM

PP

PP/CL

CL

SPP

40.7

14.4

11.5

7

14.3

8.1

15.6

4.48

2.6

3.6

2.4

2

5.9

53.2

11.6

12.1

14

3

4

22.5

1.7

0.4

5

2.6

2.8

2.2

2.2

10.2

5.5

4.7

AREA

9

9

9

9

9

9

8

6

6

6

6

5

5

15

15

14

13

13

13

13

12

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

10

AGE YRS

19.5

23.9

20

15.4

22.5

18.6

26.4

17.3

17.6

39.6

21.6

11.6

31.9

18.2

28.9

12.1

11.7

17.4

14

29.6

D MEAN/ HA

14.7

16.4

18.8

11.2

17.1

17.6

19.7

15.1

12.7

27.3

11.5

7.2

28.5

17.7

18.8

7.8

6.4

10.8

6.9

18.7

H MEAN/ HA

V

V

III

V

IV

III

III

IV

V

I

V

V

I

II

II

V

V

V

SITE CLASS

20.2

14.45

20.5

14.9

20.5

23.3

13.58

19.3

4.65

31.3

2.1

2.7

15.13

24

10.5

3.5

4.5

11.05

1.7

12.9

BASAL AREA/ HA

725

373

782

1036

610

1069

280

1013

888

88

390

698

1292

304

454

644

650

324

1834

98

383

994

923

788

SPH/ HA

400

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

YT SPH

134.3

112.3

193.7

88

169.9

209.8

116.5

150.2

76

294.2

11.25

11.19

163.5

218.4

90.41

13.5

15.75

60.71

10.6

6.071

0.909

88.18

1.569

14

2.553

VOL/ HA

180

180

335

142

229

267

267

204

106

106

106

293

293

106

72

72

YT VOL/ HA

20

20

34.5

19

25.5

34

34

25.3

18

18

18

43

43

17.5

17

17

YT CAI(M3/ HA/YR

36.3

11.5

41.5

30.3

23.9

55.9

39.3

0

0

2.42

0

10.8

0

85.4

20.1

7.14

9.85

9.95

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ADJ CAI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1475

165.4

477.2

211.9

342.4

452.8

0

176.2

0

0

5.815

0

63.72

0

991.2

243.4

100

0

39.4

223.8

TOTAL CAI

Last thinning 2010

Last thinning 2011

Coppice

Last thinning 2011

Coppice

Coppice

REMARKS

50

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KT

KAWETIRE

IP

IP

IP

KT

KT

KT

KT

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MP

MP

BLOCK ID

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

BLOCK

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

SUB BLOCK

KT_6C(iii)

KT_6C(ii)

KT_6C(i)

KT_5B(iii)

IP_10i

IP_10Gi

IP_10G(ii)

IP_10A

KT_9M(ii)

KT_9M(i)

KT_9L

KT_9K

KT_9J(i)

KT_9I(ii)

KT_9G

KT_9F

KT_9E

KT_9D

KT_9C

KT_9B(ii)

KT_9B(i)

KT_9A(ii)

KT_3C

KT_10F

KT_10E

KT_10D(i)

KT_10C

KT_10B

MP_8B

MP_8A

CMPT

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

SPP

1.4

2

1.4

2.5

30.1

23.1

5

15.8

12.5

8

19.2

18

8

4

23.9

22.9

23.9

25.5

23.2

15.8

10.9

5.4

19.7

17

17.2

9.1

16.6

16.6

3

31

AREA

17

17

17

17

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

15

15

AGE YRS

30.8

30.5

32.4

19.4

22.6

17.2

19.8

23.5

21.7

22.3

20.7

21.4

22.6

15.7

21.7

21.2

21.7

21.4

22.4

23

20.8

26.1

23.1

21.2

22.4

19.3

22

22.9

20.4

19.2

D MEAN/ HA

23.1

21.4

19.7

10.7

15.6

11.5

11.4

19.1

18

14.8

10.4

15.8

17.2

16.5

19.5

18.1

14.8

12.7

12.7

17.5

16.6

21.3

15.8

12.7

15.7

18.3

20.1

20.3

15.7

10.7

H MEAN/ HA

III

IV

IV

V

V

V

V

IV

IV

V

V

V

IV

IV

IV

IV

V

V

V

IV

IV

IV

V

IV

V

IV

IV

IV

V

V

SITE CLASS 5.4

47.43

17.78

21.64

11.05

11.9

8.5

5.2

11.5

13.9

14.2

9.4

15.6

10.65

7

15.6

13.14

17.8

7.7

15.24

14.05

14.9

11.62

15.46

6.27

12.59

6.7

14.98

9.72

16.5

BASAL AREA/ HA

750

313

325

1083

333

440

200

358

464

450

337

551

363

430

617

481

600

258

471

440

540

346

276

235

360

306

494

309

567

225

SPH/ HA

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

650

650

YT SPH

492.9

171.5

190

546.4

84.92

50.26

29

105.5

123.2

87.5

47.29

121.1

88.75

62

149.2

118

126.2

47.45

112.2

118.6

122.2

116.7

73.15

38.71

80.7

60

13.25

95.42

128.3

28.74

VOL/ HA

405

307

307

220

220

307

307

220

220

220

307

307

307

307

220

220

220

307

307

307

220

307

220

307

307

307

180

180

YT VOL/ HA

36

27

27

21

20.5

26.5

26.5

20.5

20.5

20.5

26.5

26.5

26.5

26.5

20.5

20.5

20.5

26.5

26.5

26.5

20.5

39.5

20.5

39.5

39.5

39.5

20

20

YT CAI(M3/ HA/YR

67.5

21.1

21.9

56.9

17.1

0

0

23.7

30.7

23.1

17.3

28.3

24

28.5

40.9

31.9

30.8

13.2

24.1

29.2

35.8

22.9

14.1

23.2

18.5

30.2

48.8

30.6

17.4

6.92

ADJ CAI

94.5

42.19

30.71

142.2

514.2

0

0

375.1

383.9

184.5

331.4

508.7

192.1

114

977.5

729.4

734.9

336.8

559.8

460.6

389.9

123.7

278.4

395

317.3

274.6

809.4

507.2

52.31

214.6

TOTAL CAI

Last thinning 2008 Last thinning 2008 Last thinning 2008 Last thinning 2008

Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011

Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Cleafelled 2009/2010 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011 Last thinning 2011

REMARKS

51

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

MP

MP

MP

MP

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

KT

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MP

MBEYA PEAK

KT

MP

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

KT

KAWETIRE

IP

KT

KAWETIRE

IPINDA

KT

KAWETIRE

IP

MP

MBEYA PEAK

IPINDA

MP

MBEYA PEAK

MP

MP

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

KT

KAWETIRE

KT

MP

MBEYA PEAK

MP

MP

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MP

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

KT

BLOCK ID

KAWETIRE

BLOCK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

IPINDA

IPINDA

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

SUB BLOCK

MP_4D

MP_3F

MP_2H

MP_1J

KT_9J(ii)

KT_7C(ii)

KT_5Ai

KT_4F

KT_4D

KT_4C

KT_3A(ii)

IP_2G4

IP_2G(iii)

MP_4B

MP_4A

KT_7B

KT_7A

MP_4C

MP_10B

KT_6A

KT_7D

KT_7Ci

MP_7A

MP_6A

MP_1H

KT_8A

MP_5B

MP_5A

MP_9A

KT_9A(i)

CMPT

Pp

PP

PP/CL

PP

Pp

PP

Pp

PP

PP

PP

PP

EM

EM

Pp

Pp

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

SPP

app 4

7

10.2

35.6

1

2

22

8.3

11.7

8.1

20.6

5.7

12.3

2.6

6

20.8

19.6

10.6

24

6.9

12.9

25.9

14

7.8

6.38

35.8

7.8

10.6

6.6

4.2

AREA

12

10

6

24

17

17

17

2

40

40

25

25

25

25

24

24

24

24

24

23

23

23

23

22

22

17

17

AGE YRS

28

23.4

31.1

43

26.5

29.2

24.5

29.1

33.2

31.6

27.9

30.7

28.5

20.6

31.4

20.1

27.6

26.9

16.5

D MEAN/ HA

20.7

15.7

21.4

29.7

17.5

19.9

21.3

22.5

23.2

22.6

22.9

21.4

21.4

17.8

23.7

16.2

20.3

19.6

15.8

H MEAN/ HA

II

III

V

IV

III

IV

IV

V

V

V

IV

V

V

IV

V

SITE CLASS

37.65

10.34

23.7

19.9

21.39

10.69

15.12

16.7

23.5

18.9

20.01

24.4

29.01

27.9

25.68

17.4

37.2

10.9

15.46

BASAL AREA/ HA

439

2238

1695

775

283

303

398

497

520

352

510

199

373

316

335

292

419

393

527

1009

403

544

691

242

937

SPH/ HA

400

400

400

400

400

400

650

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

YT SPH

13.29

5.686

3.82

360.5

77.23

0

0

0

182.5

203.2

173.7

96.79

154.2

173

241.9

192.3

214.2

234.9

285.1

247.2

275.2

126

349.4

99.85

128.6

VOL/ HA

822

632

340

468

335

468

468

321

321

321

443

321

321

307

220

YT VOL/ HA

16

13

8.5

11.5

35

11.5

11.5

9.5

9.5

9.5

12.5

11

11

27

21

YT CAI(M3/ HA/YR

0

0

20.4

6.46

7.92

9.08

18

8.39

12

9.33

12.5

24

12.6

15

19

16.3

49.2

ADJ CAI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

424.3

126.6

83.96

218

124.4

108.2

311.8

130.6

97.71

152.9

450.6

116.6

201.3

107.7

206.7

TOTAL CAI

Not surveyed

Burned 2009

Clearfelled 2009/2010 Last thinning 2014

Last thinning 2011

Planted 2011

Coppice Last thinings 2011

Last thinning 2008 Last thinning 2013

Last thinning 2015 Last thinning 2016

Last thinning 2017

Last thinning 2011

REMARKS

52

IP

IP

IP

KT

KT

KT

KT

KT

MP

IP

IP

IP

IP

IPINDA

IPINDA

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

MBEYA PEAK

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IP

BLOCK ID

IPINDA

IPINDA

BLOCK

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

MBEYA PEAK

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

KAWETIRE

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

IPINDA

SUB BLOCK

IP_2G5

IP_2G(iv)

IP_2F(i)

IP_2E

MP_1G

KT_H

KT_8E(ii)

KT_8B

KT_6B

KT_3B

IP_2Aii

IP_2Ai

IP_10H

IP_10D2

CMPT

PP

EM

EM

Cl

PP

PP

PP

Euccalyptus

EM

EM

PP

PP

SPP

1739

2.6

5.7

28.5

29.5

1.5

7.5

14

14

34.2

15

6.5

15.6

32.8

22.7

AREA

16

16

AGE YRS

17.6

31.1

19.4

25.8

23.6

26.17

22.7

21

D MEAN/ HA

12.7

21.4

18.7

30.9

16.9

28.2

17.4

19.4

H MEAN/ HA

SITE CLASS

5.1

4.6

23.739

35.2

18.44

21.65

2.103

15.7

BASAL AREA/ HA

350

1375

418

591

254

478

185

SPH/ HA

YT SPH

114.8

29.23

1040

331.3

274.6

174.2

0

254

132.6

44.71

VOL/ HA

YT VOL/ HA

YT CAI(M3/ HA/YR

ADJ CAI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

17905

TOTAL CAI

Coppice Last thinings 2011

Coppice

Harvested 2008

Burned 2009

Last thinning 2011

Cleafelled 2011/2012 Clearfelled 2009

REMARKS

Appendix III:Callender for annual nursery operations – Kawetire Forest Plantation ACTIVITY

MONTHS

J

F

M

A

M

J

J

A

S

O

N

D

Nursery

New planting survival assessment

Land preparation

Beating up

Planting

Weeding

Pruning

Thinning

Road construction

Road maintenance

Boundary maintenance

Firebreak maintenance

Firetower manning

Standby firecrew

Standby firecrew deployment

Patrols

harvesting and revenue collection

Surveys

Inventory

Research

Envoronmental conservation

Dam and reservoir cleaning

Administration

Accounts

Office and station upkeep

Building and maintenance

Transport

Annual plan of operation

Reports

Health

Updating plantation register

53

Appendix IV: FIRE PLAN BACKGROUND INFORMATION THE PLAN The Fire Prevention Plan is a supplementary to the Plantation Management Plan. It explains in details what is to be done before and during the fire (dry) season. This season extends from July to December, however activities related to fire prevention play part even during the wet season. Issues like coordination and purchase of prevention and firefighting equipment and selection and training of crews are usually done before the outset of the fire season. The plan is intended to be flexible so as to cope with prevailing environmental, economic and other conditions. The fire prevention plan is in two parts. Part A gives information about the plan itself, its objective, area covered responsibilities and resources, whereas the Part B gives directives on activities to be carried out and measures to be taken to prevent outbreak of fires and to fight any fires that break out.

Objectives The objective of the fire plan is to prevent, detect and suppress all fires likely to cause damage inside and immediately outside the forest area. To effect the objective the following sequence of events will be adopted.

Prevention This is the hub of the plan. Achievement of this sub objective results in shelving of the two other sub objectives as once fire prevention is effected satisfactorily the other two goals are not required to be achieved. The aims and means of fire prevention have to be understood and practiced by all people who use the forest land and adjacent land.

Detection Early detection results in early action and as fires normally start very small and thus extinguishable one should aim at very early detection. Fires detected early can be put off quickly before developing into conflagrations.

Suppression Where prevention has failed and fire has occurred and been detected its extinguishing should be accomplished in the shortest possible time. Delays in suppressing a fire result in their development into large fires which are difficult to put off. Also such delays increase the damage caused by the fire.

Plan coverage The Fire prevention Plan covers the Kawetire Forest Plantation and its surrounding areas. The area covered is as shown in maps JB 2108 and parts of JB 2223 (attached to the Plantation Management Plan).

All areas known to be vulnerable or hazardous to fires require special attention. These include: • All forest area close to or surrounded by villages • Forest areas buffering the prevailing winds • Areas along public roads and frequently used footpaths • Forest areas with logging and other activities • Forest areas along electric power lines • Forest areas near streams and springs where water is drawn and animals are likely to go for watering.

54

• Other areas as may be detected by the plantation management.

Such vulnerable areas are indicated in the mentioned maps.

Causes of fires in the forest reserve Main causes of fires in the forest reserve are: • Runaway fires from farming activities • Unattended fires from pit sawyers on logging camps • Fires started by pedestrians, firewood collectors, honey gatherers etc • Accidents or recklessness eg during firebreak maintenance activities involving the use of fire • Arson or incendiarism • Lightening Important water points During fire fighting water is necessary for replenishing spray pump, and for drawing drinking water. Notable points are: • Stream in compartment B6 for Mwansekwa area.

• Dam on river Hove for Kawetire area.

• Majimazuri and Ipinda stream for Mbeya Peak • Dam on river Sibungu for Kawetire and Ipinda areas.

All these points are indicated in map JB 2223. Points for drawing, drinking water should be selected carefully as not all water is safe for drinking without treatment.

Responsibility and organization Range protection officers Each Range Incharge is responsible for fire protection in the individual range. Due to the location of staff accommodation however there will have to be joint coordination especially between Kawetire and Ipinda ranges as almost all staff members reside at Kawetire and only a few are at Ipinda. Mbeya Peak, 12km away has to make individualfire protection arrangement, however if a fire is sighted at Mbeya Peak plantations then some staff members from Headquarters at Kawetire have to go and assist in suppression as there are only a few staff members at Mbeya Peak.

Each Range Incharge will be responsible for controlled burning or fire line construction and maintenance, preventive slashing along major roads, effecting mobilization of village members in cases of large fire outbreaks. Using the fire plan only as a guideline, each Range incharge will prepare a mini fire control strategy at the beginning of each fire season and present the same at a Management Committee Meeting specially convened to discuss the years fire prevention strategy.

Fire crews patrol men and reserve firefighters Each crew will consist of 6-8 people and stationed at specific areas after working hours. Crews will be alternating in duty. Their main duty is to spearhead suppression of fires starting in the forest reserves and in adjacent areas.

55

Each crew will have a crew leader. As there are no serviceable fire towers fire detection will be done by patrolmen who will be deployed at different vantages points of the reserve. Also fire detection from fixed points will be used. Some of these points are shown in map JB2108.

Fire crews will be selected from among the plantation staff, and special fire crew i.e casual labour who will be responsible in taking care in every corner of the plantation to prevent and if it happens to suppress the fire at a very early time. All these are responsible for firefighting at any required moment. In case of a fire outbreak and exhausting all available fire fighting personnel in the project area other areas of obtaining extra personnel are the surrounding villages of Mwansekwa, Hapororo, Ipinda, Ibomani, Salemba, Lwanjiro, Mwabowo, Iziwa etc. Village governments will have to be informed of such arrangements early in the beginning of the fire season. Fire fighting campaign will be conducted to the villages adjacent the plantation before the onset of the dry season so as to raise awareness. Institutions where extra firefighting personnel can be made available are Jeshi la Kujenga Taifa (JKT), the Military(TPDF), the Police Force and Prisons departments.

Vehicles, equipments, tools and materials The plantation is required to be staff sufficient in firefighting tools and equipment. Needed vehicles include a lorry and a 4 wheel drive terrain vehicle that can carry 8-12 people. Also required are bicycles for patrolmen and motorcycle for Rangers. Equipment required for fighting are a siren, water bowser, backpack fire pumps, whereas tools include hoes, matchettes, spades, firebeaters, axes, bowsers, rakes. The state of vehicles, equipment and tools for fighting purposes is shown on Table 1.

Vehicles, equipment and tools for fire fighting Fire fighting item Vehicles -Lorry -4 wheel drive light vehicle -Tractor/trailer -Motorcycle -Bicycles Equipment -siren -water bowser -backpack pumps -drinking water containers -Flash light Tools -hoes -matchets -fire beaters -rakes/rake hoes -spades Others -dry rations -first aid kit Recommended protective clothing -overall (cotton) or shirt and trousers (cotton) -Boots -leather gloves -Hard hat (with visor)

1

2

3

4 5

56 Â

Remarks Not available 2 available Not available Not available Not available Available Available Non available Non available Available Most of them need replacement

Communication The siren is the major means of informing fire crews and the public of the occurrence of a fire in need of attention. In order to hasten reporting, especially by patrol men, bicycles will be used to patrol vulnerable points. Radio link between the Head Office Kawetire and the substations at Ipinda and Mbeya Peak and Lwanjiro will be established.

PLANNING AND IMPEMENTATION Fire prevention Preventive measures against forest fires will be taken very early in the fire season.

These measures are: • Maintenance of firebreak • Controlled burning where required in firebreaks and especially dangerous areas.

• Training of all personnel residing in the forest reserve in fire prevention and fire fighting • Issue prohibiting rules eg. forbidding use of fire in farming plots.

Education and extension • Prepare and display anti-fire signboards and notices • Fire prevention campaign in villages living adjacent to the plantation, and towns in risky areas.

Law enforcement • To be used in cases where normal education and extension methods fail to reduce or prevent fire risk eg. Where people refuse to take fire prevention measures, or ignore boundaries.

Preparatory measures These are measures taken before the onset of the fire season. These include: • Purchase and making of equipment and tools • Ensuring adequate reliable supplies of fuel and oils for vehicles and machinery.

• Maintenance of equipment and tools • Training in use of equipment and tools • Fire crew training in firefighting techniques • Preparing fire crew and patrol rosters and issuing basic instructions of actions in cases of fires starting • Rosters to especially consider weekends and public holidays.

Fire detection Detection of threatening fires will be done from stationary points selected around Kawetire Forest Station, near Ipinda village, Lwanjiro and the International Trig point. Similarly in Mbeya Peak suitable sites will be found. The sites need not be permanent as often such sites are obscured by growing trees. Fire detection crews can be placed at these selected places. Deployment has to use minimum number of required personnel to ensure that all parts of the Forest Reserve are covered.

Apart from fixed points fire detection will also be effected by patrol men on foot and bicycles. The siren will be used to alert fire crews and all personnel of the occurrence of a fire. Mobile radio telephones will be used by senior personnel on duty for communication.

57

Fire suppression Fire suppression should start immediately a fire is seen. To effects we need fast mobility to the fire. As it is not possible or not practical to have vehicles in all ranges placing of fire crews near risky areas will lessen walking time to fires. Normally fire crews are engaged in other forest activities as well, and it may not be possible to site them close to fire sources; in this case vehicles usually reduce traveling time to a fire area.

Knowledge of the terrain is very important, especially for crew leaders so that the right route is always taken to get to a fire earliest. Crews should always be prepared for a fast get-away and traveling to a fire.

Equipment, tools and materials should always be in usable condition and within reach.

Depending on the nature of the fire the simplest means of extinguishing it should be used. Backfiring should be used only in extreme emergencies and only with permission from the crew leader, or most senior forester where several crews are involved.

After a fire is extinguished all smoldering areas shall be mopped up and smothered with water, sand or beaters or ringed by screefing. The crew leader shall allow departure from the fire area only after satisfying that mopping up is completed properly. After especially large fires a few people may be left at the place for a few hours to watch for any flare-ups.

During prolonged firefighting provisions should be made for drinking water to be made available. Food may also be required if firefighting is prolonged.

A record of fire fighting should always be kept, and after firefighting all firefighters should be accounted for.

All injured should have immediate treatment. After firefighting all equipment and tools should be retrieved, cleaned, repaired and stored ready for another fire fighting.

Safety and welfare of firefighters.

Fire fighting is hazardous and thus firefighters must be careful not to harm themselves or other members.

Adequate training exercises should therefore be given, and discipline should be the firefighter’s character who should also: • • • • •

Be alert at all times Follow instructions promptly Be calm and not panicky Know fire directions and escape routes Be able to assist others in case of difficult

Firefighters need to be protected well. Thus protection clothing should be supplied where possible, failing which each fighter should be informed to use own protective clothing. Such protective clothing include boots, heavy duty trouser/shirt or overall, protective hat, and leather or canvas gloves.

Fire report All fires occurring within the Forest Reserve should be reported after they are extinguished to the CEO-TFS. The formal TFS fire report format consist the following comments;

58

(i)

Forest Plantation name and date.

(ii) Location of fire (indicate compartment and sub-compartment species involved and year planted). (iii) Time of the day and of the week the fire was reported. (iv) Cause or the supposed causes of the fire. (v)

Weather conditions of that day (e.g. cloudy, dry and sunny, strong winds, etc.)

(vi) Means of reporting and when did fire crew reached scene of fire (if no exact time is known, state the approximate interval between time fire was reported and when the crew was dispatched to the fire). (vii) Interval between arrival of fire crew and extinguishing the fire. (viii) Number of people involved in the fire fighting operation. (ix) Type of equipment used during operation. (x)

Damage (if any) sustained to equipment and estimated cost of repair and replacement of losses.

(xi) Injuries sustained to personnel during the fire fighting operation. (xii) Acreage burnt and estimated cost of the damage. (xiii) Estimated cost of fighting the fire and if labour was paid or free.

59 Â

60 Â

61 Â

Notes

62 Â

63 Â

64