Kiwira forest plantation management plan by BAKARI R. KACHEUKA ( +255 676510464 )

United Republic of Tanzania MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM TANZANIA FORESTRY SERVICES AGENCY

KIWIRA FOREST PLANTATION

MANAGEMENT PLAN (2013/14 - 2017/18)

GUS U A

APPROVAL AND DISTRIBUTION This management plans for Kiwira Forest Plantation has been prepared and compiled by the Plantation Manager and approved by the Chief Executive Officer of the Tanzania Forest Service Agency ( TFS ). Prepared by:

………………..... Zahoro S. Marunga

Approved by: Mr.Juma S. Mgoo Chief Executive Officer Approving date: August 2013

Signature..........................

Distribution: The plantation manager shall produce at least 17 copies of the approved plan which shall be distributed as follows: ·

Project manager (2)

Chief Executive Officer (10)

Forestry Industries Training Institute (1)

Forestry Training Institute Olmotonyi (1)

Sokoine University of agriculture (1)

TAFORI (1)

TTSA (1)

ABSTRACT This plan describes the management objectives of Kiwira Forest plantation for the period of five years from 2013/14 to 2017/18. The goals of this management plan are: to ensure sustainable supply of raw materials to forest based industries and other users; and to ensure that protective functions of forests are observed all over the area under the plantation management thereby conserving water sources, enhancing ecosystem stability and biodiversity conservation. In order to achieve these goals during the planed period replanting of open areas will be done, carry out different tending operations, protect the forest against various damages, and also regulate harvesting to conform to approve felling schedules. Furthermore riverines will be left undisturbed during forest resources harvesting activities for about 50m on both sides. The forest plantation also ensures protection of natural forests and biodiversity in foots of Mount Rungwe. The other conservation activities include protection against cultivation on steep slopes and on water sources. The development of this plan is based on the existing policies and laws, ecological and socio economic studies conducted inside and outside the plantation, information from existing documents/ files and personal communications with key stakeholders. Data for this plan was collected by the Forest Inventory Section in collaboration with Kiwira Forest Management. Field work took place in October 2012; this data provided information for determination of standing and allowable volume. The standing volume was 334,792m3 the age class distribution of the plantation is uneven meaning that the forest is not normal. Therefore the objective of this plan is to regulate the forest to attain normal forest. In order to have a normal forest, harvesting will not exceed allowable cut. In this forest allowable cut has been estimated to be between 20,887m3 to 31078.84/ year and about 112,945.21m3 will be thinned and clear felled during the planning period. During the planning period the main species to be planted at KiwiraForest Plantations is Pinus patula, and Eucalyptus Spp The choice of species is based on performance and demand. Land preparation will be done by the casual labourers. Planting will be done during the short rains (November-December) and if not completed planting will be continued during the long rains in March to April. Planting and beating up targets for the planning period is 554.7 ha respectively. A total of 27 compartments will be planted in the plan period. Weeding in young plantations will also be done through taungya system and casual labourers (for stands that are not allocated to local communities) for two to three consecutive years. The method of weeding used in the forest plantation will be manual. Pruning will be done at the age of 4, 6 and 8 years during dry season to reduce the chances of fungal and insect attack through wounds. First thinning at 10 yrs and second at 14yrs will be done for stands that were established with a spacing of 3m x 3m.. The methods to be used for thinning will be selective priority being for weak, diseased and poor stem trees. Trees to be removed will be marked before harvesting. There will be a rehabilitation of 6 buildings including office and social hall that require major repair and maintenance. Other buildings will be given minor rehabilitation that includes water and electricity system. No new buildings will be constructed during the period of 2013/14 to 2017/18. ii

During the plan period 1 vehicle and 4 motor cycles will be procured for different plantation activities. Two motorcycles and one vehicle will be procured in year 2014/15 while two motorcycles will be purchased in year 2015/16. A total of 3 vehicle, 2 plants and 1 motor cycle will be maintained. Replacement of unserviceable tools and equipment will be done during the plan period. The Forest Manager will request replacement of 1 vehicle. This vehicles earmarked for disposition will be sold out during the planning period Also the Forest Plantation will improve communication facilities by purchasing and installing internet services, fax, landline telephone, TV and Radio Call sets. The use of mobile phones is also encouraged as it facilitates the communication between staff and other plantation stakeholders for official and private purposes.

Taped water from river will continue to supply water for both domestic and nursery use. The system to be used under the plan period will be water flows by gravity to the main tank located at high elevation at the station through pipelines, and flows to the nursery and to the staff houses. However, the water system is old and during the planning period will be rehabilitated. In order to improve MFP social services of staff and their families, the management will support the Ngumburu , igoma , Ndwati and Kimwondo primary school whenever necessary. The forest management will also encourage and support workers and their families to participate in sports and games such as football and netball. In doing this, a play ground near office will be rehabilitated and workers and permanent casual labourers will use it for day to day physical exercise. This will also include purchase of sports gears. The plantation manager will strive to cover the staff deficit of 15 staff. Recruitments of temporary staff will be initiated by the Forest Manager whenever need arises. In the planning period, a total of 13 staff will be trained through short courses/on job training in order to improve their working capacities. The long term training programmes will be financed by the TFS. The aim is to ensure that staff is competent in their working areas. A total of Tsh 3,909,259,608.52/= will be collected from the sale of forest produces during the plan period. However, the plantation should also try to create other sources of revenues such as sawmilling, hiring out of plants, camping sites and eco-tourism. Staff salaries will continue to be paid by the TFS. During the plan period, the plantation will be protected from fire, diseases and pests. Natural forests that are mostly located along the rivers and on valleys will be protected and conserved for their biodiversity and water catchment values During the management plan period, the plantation will spend a total amount of TSh. 2,189,327,927/= for implementing planned operations as detailed in Tables 25 to 28.

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Almighty God for protection and care that enabled initial preparation of this management plan. I am also pleased to express my sincere appreciation to the Chief Executive Officer of Tanzania Forest Service Agency for his initiatives and financial support that made preparation of this management plan possible. Special thanks should go to Directors of Tanzania Forest Service (DPRU, DRM and DBSS) for their directives, guidance and deployment of work force that assisted data collection and analysis. This gave a good base for preparation of this document. Their effort cannot be undermined forever I am also grateful to Mr. Edward Mlowe and Mr. Edger Masunga who used their valuable time in providing additional comments and moral support until completion of this management plan I am again indebted to Mr Gerald Otieno and Bruno Bahane for their tireless effort towards designing, conducting inventory and initial work of management plan preparation. The last but not least I would like to extend my deep appreciation to Kiwira Forest plantation staffs for their valuable contribution they have made to completion of this management plan.

TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL AND DISTRIBUTION......................................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................................................ ix LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................................................... x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................................................................... xi INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER ONE..........................................................................................................................................................2 1.0.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST PLANTATION....................................................................................................2

1.1.

LOCATION........................................................................................................................................................ 2

1.2.

HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE PLANTATION...............................................................................................2

1.2.1

History............................................................................................................................................................ 2

1.2.1.1

Division of the Plantation................................................................................................................................ 2

1.2.2.

Legal Status and Ownership............................................................................................................................ 3

1.2.3.

Progress of the Plantation for the last Management Plan ..............................................................................3

1.3.

LAND................................................................................................................................................................ 4

1.3.1.

Area................................................................................................................................................................. 4

1.3.2.

Topography and hydrology.............................................................................................................................. 4

1.3.3.

Geology and Soils............................................................................................................................................ 4

1.3.4.

Natural vegetation........................................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.5.

Biodiversity Potentials..................................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.6.

Special features and Sites................................................................................................................................ 5

1.4.

CLIMATE........................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.4.1

Rainfall Distribution and Reliability.................................................................................................................6

1.4.2.

Temperature.................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.5.

GROWING STOCK............................................................................................................................................. 6

1.5.1

Forest inventory .............................................................................................................................................. 6

1.5.2

Inventory Results ............................................................................................................................................ 6

1.5.1

Growth and yield............................................................................................................................................. 7

1.5.1.1

Site Classes...................................................................................................................................................... 7

1.5.1.2

Current Annual Increment (CAI)......................................................................................................................8

1.5.1.4.

Health and Vitality........................................................................................................................................... 9

1.5.1.5.

Management Units.......................................................................................................................................... 9

1.6.

UTILIZATION..................................................................................................................................................... 9

1.6.1.

Markets............................................................................................................................................................ 9

1.6.2.

Harvesting........................................................................................................................................................ 10

1.6.3.

Other land uses............................................................................................................................................... 10

1.7

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION..................................................................................................................10

1.7.1.

Forest Fires...................................................................................................................................................... 10

1.7.2.

Man and domestic Animal............................................................................................................................... 11

1.7.3.

Wild Animals.................................................................................................................................................... 11

1.7.4.

Pests and Diseases........................................................................................................................................... 11

1.8.

CAPITAL INVESTMENT...................................................................................................................................... 11

1.8.1.

Roads............................................................................................................................................................... 11

1.8.2.

Buildings.......................................................................................................................................................... 12 v

1.8.3.

Plants and Equipment...................................................................................................................................... 12

1.8.4.

Communication facilities. ............................................................................................................................... 13

1.8.5.

Water Supply................................................................................................................................................... 13

1.9.

ADMINISTRATION............................................................................................................................................ 13

1.9.1.

Organization ................................................................................................................................................... 13

1.9.2

Manning level.................................................................................................................................................. 14

1.10.

SOCIAL SERVICES............................................................................................................................................. 14

1.10.1.

Education......................................................................................................................................................... 14

1.10.2

Health.............................................................................................................................................................. 14

1.10.3.

Religion............................................................................................................................................................ 15

1.10.4.

Power supply................................................................................................................................................... 15

1.10.5.

Social facilities and entertainment..................................................................................................................15

CHAPTER TWO..........................................................................................................................................................17 2.0.

DIRECTIVE........................................................................................................................................................ 17

2.1.

OVERALL GOAL................................................................................................................................................ 17

2.1.1

Wood production............................................................................................................................................ 17

2.1.2.

Conservation ................................................................................................................................................... 17

2.2.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES....................................................................................................................................... 17

2.2.1.

Silviculture....................................................................................................................................................... 17

2.2.2.

Capital investments......................................................................................................................................... 18

2.2.3.

Human resources............................................................................................................................................. 18

2.2.4.

Revenue generation........................................................................................................................................ 18

2.2.5.

Utilisation........................................................................................................................................................ 18

2.2.6.

Protection and conservation...........................................................................................................................18

2.2.7.

Resources assessment..................................................................................................................................... 19

2.3.

STRATEGIC TARGETS........................................................................................................................................ 19

2.3.1

Silviculture....................................................................................................................................................... 19

2.3.1.1

Species............................................................................................................................................................. 19

2.3.1.2.

Planting Area................................................................................................................................................... 19

2.3.1.5.

Tending operations.......................................................................................................................................... 20

2.4.

CAPITAL INVESTMENT...................................................................................................................................... 21

2.4.1.

Roads............................................................................................................................................................... 21

2.4.2. Buildings.......................................................................................................................................................... 21 2.4.3.

Communication facilities................................................................................................................................. 21

2.4.4

Vehicles, plants and equipment......................................................................................................................21

2.4.5.

Water supply................................................................................................................................................... 22

2.3.2.6.

Health and Social facilities............................................................................................................................... 22

2.5.

HUMAN RESOURCES........................................................................................................................................ 22

2.5.1.

Manning level.................................................................................................................................................. 22

2.5.2.

Training needs................................................................................................................................................. 23

2.6.

REVENUE GENERATION................................................................................................................................... 23

2.7

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION..................................................................................................................23

2.7.1

Forest fires....................................................................................................................................................... 23

2.7.2.

Man and domestic animals............................................................................................................................. 23

2.7.3

Wild animals.................................................................................................................................................... 24

2.7.4

Pests and Diseases........................................................................................................................................... 24

2.8

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT................................................................................................................................. 24

2.8.1

Survey and mapping........................................................................................................................................ 24 vi

2.8.2

Inventory......................................................................................................................................................... 24

2.8.3.

Survival Assessment........................................................................................................................................ 24

2.8.4.

Assessment for Harvesting.............................................................................................................................. 24

2.9

RESEARCH........................................................................................................................................................ 25

2.9.1

Research areas/problems for research............................................................................................................25

CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................................................27 3.0.

PRESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................................ 27

3.1.

SILVICULTURE................................................................................................................................................... 27

3.1.1.

Nursery operations ......................................................................................................................................... 27

3.1.1.1.

Species selection............................................................................................................................................. 27

3.1.1.3.

Seedlings raising techniques............................................................................................................................27

3.1.1.4

Nursery tending technique.............................................................................................................................. 28

3.1.2

Planting............................................................................................................................................................ 28

3.1.3

Survival assessment for replanting and beating up.........................................................................................30

3.1.4

Tending operations.......................................................................................................................................... 30

3.1.4.1

Weeding.......................................................................................................................................................... 30

3.1.4.2

Pruning ........................................................................................................................................................... 30

3.2

ROADS............................................................................................................................................................. 31

3.2.1

Construction.................................................................................................................................................... 31

3.2.2

Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................... 31

3.3

BUILDINGS....................................................................................................................................................... 31

3.3.1

Construction.................................................................................................................................................... 31

3.3.2

Maintenance................................................................................................................................................... 31

3.4.

VEHICLES, PLANTS, EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS..................................................................................................32

3.4.1.

Procurement.................................................................................................................................................... 32

3.4. 2.

Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................... 32

3.4.3

Disposition....................................................................................................................................................... 32

3.5

COMMUNICATION FACILITIES..........................................................................................................................32

3.6

WATER SUPPLY................................................................................................................................................. 33

3.7

SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES........................................................................................................................33

3.8

HUMAN RESOURCES ....................................................................................................................................... 33

3.9

REVENUE GENERATION................................................................................................................................... 34

3.9.1

Forecasted revenues from thinning and clear felling......................................................................................34

3.9.2

Forecasted total revenues during the planning period...................................................................................34

3.9.3

Control of Revenues........................................................................................................................................ 34

3.10

UTILIZATION..................................................................................................................................................... 35

3.10.1.

Harvesting Plans.............................................................................................................................................. 35

3.10.1.1 Clear felling...................................................................................................................................................... 35 3.10.1.2 Thinning........................................................................................................................................................... 36 3.10.2.1 Prices .............................................................................................................................................................. 41 3.10.2.2 Markets............................................................................................................................................................ 41 3.11

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION..................................................................................................................41

3.11.1

Fire Prevention and Control............................................................................................................................. 41

3.11.2

Control plan for diseases and pests.................................................................................................................42

3.11.3

Soil and Biodiversity ....................................................................................................................................... 42

3.11.3

Animal and Man Damage................................................................................................................................ 42

3.12

SITE RESTORATION .......................................................................................................................................... 42

3.13

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT................................................................................................................................. 43 vii

CHAPTER FOUR........................................................................................................................................................45 4.0

ESTIMATES....................................................................................................................................................... 45

CHAPTER FIVE...........................................................................................................................................................55 5.0

APPENDICES..................................................................................................................................................... 55

5.1

Appendix FIRE PLAN........................................................................................................................................ 55

5.1.1

Causes of Fire.................................................................................................................................................. 55

5.1.2

Fire seasons..................................................................................................................................................... 55

5.1.3

Vulnerable areas.............................................................................................................................................. 55

5.1.4

Fire protection measures (permanent measures)...........................................................................................55

5.1.5

Location of fire breaks..................................................................................................................................... 55

5.1.6

Communication............................................................................................................................................... 55

5.1.6.1

Roads............................................................................................................................................................... 55

5.1.6.2

Telephone........................................................................................................................................................ 56

5.1.6.3

Equipment....................................................................................................................................................... 56

5.1.6.5

Responsibility of staff...................................................................................................................................... 56

5.1.6.7

Burning regulations......................................................................................................................................... 56

5.1.6.8

Training............................................................................................................................................................ 57

5.1.6.9

Maintenance of fire towers............................................................................................................................. 57

5.1.6.10 Maintenance of fire equipment......................................................................................................................57 5.1.6.11 Fire fighting...................................................................................................................................................... 57 5.1.6.12 Fire patrols....................................................................................................................................................... 57 5.1.6.13 Fire report........................................................................................................................................................ 57

viii

LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Seedlings raised and areas planted.............................................................................................................. 3 Table 2: Revenue collection trends for the previous plan.......................................................................................... 4 Table 3: Standing volume by Age class ...................................................................................................................... 7 Table 4: Site Class Distribution for Pinus patula......................................................................................................... 8 Table 5: Compartments to be thinned and Clear felled in the plan period................................................................ 9 Table 6: List of road network in Kiwira forest Plantation......................................................................................... 12 Table 7: List of Plants and Equipments.................................................................................................................... 13 Table 8: Current plantation staff.............................................................................................................................. 14 Table 9: Replanting .................................................................................................................................................. 19 Table 10: Thinning schedule for P.patula,.................................................................................................................. 20 Table 12: Manpower situation of the project............................................................................................................ 22 Table 13: List of compartments and areas to be planted in the plan period............................................................. 29 Table 14: Pruning schedule for Pinus patula stand.................................................................................................... 30 Table 16: List vehicle and plant to be maintained during the plan period................................................................. 32 Table 17: Forecasted revenue from thining and clearfelling ..................................................................................... 34 Table 18: Summary of allowable cut for 2013/14 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2017/18..................................................................................... 35 Table 19: Compartments and volumes to be clear felled during planning period..................................................... 35 Table 21: Maintenance of houses and buildings and other installations................................................................... 45 Table 22: Running, maintenance and procurement of vehicles and plants............................................................... 45 Table 24: Protection plan and budget for Kiwira Forest Plantation........................................................................... 48 Table 25: Roads maintenance, survey and resource assessment plan and budget.................................................. 53 Table 26: Personal emoluments................................................................................................................................. 54

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Vegetation in Kiwira Forest Plantation, 2013................................................................................................ 5 Figure 2: Monthly mean rainfall (2002-2012).............................................................................................................. 6 Figure 3: Age class by area distribution (Pine species), Kiwira Forest Plantation (Nov.2012)..................................... 7

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1:

Tools, Equipments and Machines........................................................................................................ 56

Appendix 2:

ANNUAL RAINFALL – KIWIRA FOREST PLANTATION............................................................................. 59

Appendix 3:

Kiwira Forest Plantation organization chart........................................................................................ 60

Appendix 4:

Calendar for Annual Nursery Operations – Kiwira Forest Plantation.................................................. 61

Appendix 5:

Management Plan Form...................................................................................................................... 62

Appendix 6:

Compartment Register for KIWIRA...................................................................................................... 63

Appendix 7:

Allowable Cut...................................................................................................................................... 68

Appendix 8:

Pruning Schedule................................................................................................................................. 68

Appendix 9:

Silvicultural needs - Kiwira................................................................................................................... 71

Appendix 9:

Pruning Schedule................................................................................................................................ 72

Appendix 10: FORM NO 8. AGE CLASS DISTRIBUTION.............................................................................................. 74

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS APO DBH M.a.s.l Spp - MNRT DoFB FPM TAFORI TTSA TFS LMDA

Annual Plan of Operation Diameter at breast height Meters above sea level Species Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Director of Forestry and Bee-Keeping Forest Plantation Manager Tanzania Forestry research Institute Tanzania Tree Seed Agency Tanzanian Forest Service Logging Miscellaneous Deposit Account

INTRODUCTION Tanzania Forest Services agency (TFS) is experiencing number of challenges in ensuring sustainable management of forest resources for the benefit of present and future generations. Management Plan is one of the most important instruments to achieve sustainable forest management (SFM) practices. The 1998 National Forest Policy statements (1); (6); (18); and (20) and their subsequent directions indicate the need for management of all types of forest reserves based on forest management plans. Furthermore, part III of the forest Act provides legal backing and describes how planning and management can be achieved through Management plans for all types of forests. This Management plan is a framework document detailing actions to be undertaken to reach and achieve specified goals and objectives. It is an important tool for proper and efficient management of forest plantations as directed in the National Forestry Policy of 1998. The forest policy recognizes forest management plans as important instruments to ensuring sustainable forest management. This management plan contains four main sections namely; descriptive, directive, prescriptive and appendices sections. The five years Management Plan provides basis for all â&#x20AC;&#x153;Annual Plans of Operationsâ&#x20AC;? (APO) for the period of five years management cycle. On the implementation of this Management Plan, the Forest Manager observes the following: 1. Read and understand clearly the contents of the plan. 2. Carefully make use of the forestry resources i.e land, trees, labour, capital (funds, tools, machines, equipments) in the right time so as to obtain maximum achievement of objectives as stipulated herein. 3. Choose the shortest effective and economical methods to achieve maximum targets stipulated in this set up. 4. Should be prepared to take risks in order to achieve Management objectives 5. Ensure that the best returns (revenue or production) against all marketable resources or products are reached. 6. Organize jobs and weigh the results by giving a close follow up of the planned jobs by keeping up to date information for comparison and control of targets and costs. This Management Plan is valid for period of 5 years effective from 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2018 and the revision of the same shall be done six months before expiry of the five years period.

xii

CHAPTER

CHAPTER ONE 1.0.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST PLANTATION

1.1.

LOCATION

Kiwira Forest Plantation is located on the Southern Highlands of Tanzania in Mbeya region. It lays on latitude 90, 3’S and longitude 380, 42’E. The plantation is accessible through Mbeya – Tukuyu road at about 40 km from Mbeya city via Isyonje village, and 50 km from Tukuyu town via Isongole village. The weather roads start from Isyonje and Idwelli village. It can be reached from Songwe Airport by bus via Mbeya city for about 90 Km. The Plantation lies on the lower Northern slopes of Rungwe Mountains. It is in Mbeya Rural and Rungwe Districts and neighbouring Igoma and Kimondo villages in Mbeya Rural District and Ngumbulu and Ndwati in Rungwe District. The plantation boarders to Mt. Rungwe forest reserve on the southern part and in the eastern part, it borders with Livingstone mountain ranges. The Mbeya city is an important market for agriculture and forest produce with several processing industries. As such Mbeya city is located at the foot of mount Rungwe away for about 40Km which is one of the tourism centers in Southern Highland zone. Most tourists climb Mt Rungwe Nature reserves and visit Kitulo National Park which all borders with Kiwira Forest Plantation. 1.2.

HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE PLANTATION.

1.2.1

History

Kiwira forest plantation started in 1960 by planting 63 ha of P. patula. The idea of starting the project originated in 1954 during colonial period when three trial plots of four species were established. The species tried were Pinus patula, P. elliottii, P. radiata and P. montezumae. Out of these species, P.patula faired best and selected to be planted in large scale. The plantation has two ranges or blocks namely Rungwe and Livingstone. The names of these ranges are derived from the two mountains between which most of the plantation lies. Planting activities in the Rungwe range started in 1961 and ended in 1969. Planting in the Livingston range started in 1972 and ended in 1975, for the first rotation, out of the total area 10 ha were planted Cupressus lustanica, 18 ha planted Eucalyptus maidenii and the rest area were under Pinus patula. The second rotation comprises of 10 ha of mixed Cupressus lustanica and Pinus patula, 18.8 ha of mixed Eucalyptus maidenii and Pinus patula and 2608.6 ha of Pinus patula. Large scale planting of Pinus patula in the middle slopes of Mount Rungwe (1704-2200 above sea level) commenced early in 1961. 1.2.1.1 Division of the Plantation The plantation is administratively devided into two Ranges namely the Rungwe Range and Livingstone Range. (i) Rungwe Range/Block The Rungwe range has a total area of 2024.2 ha being the largest range in the plantation comprising of about two third of the whole plantation. The range is separated by Livingstone Range by a Kimwondo village which is between the two ranges. The range is made up of about 99 compartments. 2

(ii) Livingstone Range/ Block The range has a total area of 759.7 ha smaller than Rungwe. The soil in this range fall in site class one. The range is located in Mbeya Rural District council in Mbeya region. Whole range is planted with Pinus Patula and made up of 35 Compartments 1.2.2. Legal Status and Ownership The Kiwira forest plantation was gazetted in 1964 by General Notice No.6/3/1/1964. The plantation area and boundaries are shown on map No. JB 1925 for Livingstone and JB no 1579 for Rungwe Block. However, part of the plantation area comprising of 10 ha has been released to Igoma Primary School. Kiwira forest plantation was owned by Forestry and Beekeeping Division (FBD) whose core responsibilities are vested to TFS which was established by the Government Notice Na. 269 of 30th July 2010. 1.2.3. Progress of the Plantation for the last Management Plan The performance of the forest plantation for the last five years was good. However, the performance was affected by various challenges which include; inadequate forest staff to execute forest operations according to APOs; obsolete and inadequate vehicles and machines (plants) for different operations; very high running and maintenance costs of old vehicles and machines; delay or failure to get trees seeds from Tree Seed Agency (TTSA); illegal grazing of livestock in the plantations and cutting of trees and branches for fire woods and construction purposes. This hindered management to undertake most forest operations including road maintenance, patrol and general administration tasks and productivity of tree nurseries. The summary of performance of the plantation is shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. Table 1: Seedlings raised and areas planted Year

Targets of Seedlings raised

No. of Seedlings raised

Targets of tree planting (ha)

Achievements (ha)

2008/09

90,000

104,800

2009/10

120,000

200,096

2010/11

60,000

125,184

120

2011/12

60,000

2012/13

120,000

127,000

TOTAL

450000

617080

310

385

Source: Kiwira forest plantation, 2013

Table 2: Revenue collection trends for the previous plan Year

Collections (TZS)

Royalty

LMDA

Plants

TFF

Cess

VAT

Total

2008/2009

2,796,020

13,780,100

16,576,120

2009/2010

71,200

286,000

367,200

2010/2011

6,856,476

17,701,980

2011/12

23,129,930

26,423,985

2012/13

10,304,435

14,980,075

24,667,456 49,653,915 1,554,350

26,838,860

Source: Kiwira forest plantation, 2013 1.3. LAND 1.3.1. Area The total area for the whole plantation is 2,783.9 ha, divided into Rungwe and Livingstone ranges. Total area of Rungwe range is 2, 024.2 ha, and that of Livingstone range is 759.7 ha. About 10 ha of plantation forest planted with Pinus Patula which borders with Igoma village was released to Kigoma primary school. There is no more land for extension 1.3.2. Topography and hydrology The area of the plantation lies between the Rungwe and Livingstone mountains. The land is rolling with gentle to steep slopes and gullies that become more pronounced and very steep on the Rungwe slopes especially at P.2005. The highest elevation point is 2712 m.a.s.l but most of the area lies between 2225 and 2440 m.a.s.l. There are seven small streams originating within the plantation area and all of them drain their water into Kiwira River. These are Mwanganga, Nzangano, Kilambo, Sawago, Mwambuluma, Lwamazivi and Mwazazi, 1.3.3. Geology and Soils The base rock of Kiwira Forest Plantation area is a complex of igneous and metamorphic rocks with a permeable pumice rock. The soil is thin fine dark volcanic ash containing of silt and organic matter. The soil freely draining though easily compacted when wet and friable when dry. During the dry spell the surface layer becomes powdery and dusty. The soils of the forest area are derived from volcanic ash lava as parent material which occurs to a considerable depth over a large area. Soil fertility is very high, rich in Calcium, Phosphorus and Potash but relatively poor in Nitrogen. They become ‘greasy’ during the rainy season, erode easily and provide poor traction. In dry season, the surface layers become extremely powdery and dusty especially when loosened by feet, hooves or wheels. Soil pH ranges from 5.5 to 6.5.

1.3.4. Natural vegetation Although the area are now occupied by pine plantation, previously the land was occupied by grasslands glades with herbs, shrubs, bamboo species and montane forests containing secondary species like Hagenia abysinica. These species could be seen on the lower and upper slopes of Livingstone and Rungwe mountains.

Figure 1: Vegetation in Kiwira Forest Plantation, 2013 1.3.5. Biodiversity Potentials The plantation area is rich in biodiversity especially in the river valleys. These sites have different life forms of flora and fauna (lower and higher). Birds, insects, mammals such as white and black colobus monkeys, fox, giant mountain cats, hare, various types of birds, wild bamboo, giant lobelia, Hagenia abysinica and wild flowers including orchids. 1.3.6. Special features and Sites The plantation is a route for birds migrating to Kitulo, birds usually rest within the plantation when they are on route to Kitulo. It is also source of Kiwira River that supply water to Kyela basin (The main producer of rice) and Lake Nyasa. The river has fish, which are main source of protein to community living adjacent. 1.4. CLIMATE There is only one rainy season lasting for about six months- from November to May (occasionally the rains are accompanied with wind thus causing wind throw). Average rain per annum is 1707mm. Unexpected showers can be received during the dry season between August - October. Night frost may occur during June to October. Average temperature is 13.40C. Average maximum 18.80C and average minimum 7.90C. The wind is Southeasterly, North easterly and Easterly during the dry, rainy and cold seasons respectively. 5

Monthly mea n (mm)

1.4.1 Rainfall Distribution and Reliability The average annual rainfall is about 1707 mm. Figure 1 below shows the monthly mean rainfall for the period of ten years (2002-2012). 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

449.5 371.4

434

412.4

329.2

319.2

56.1

Jan

91.6 14.3

4.5

7.5

Feb. Ma r. Apr. Ma y J une J uly Aug. S ept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Months

Figure 2: Monthly mean rainfall (2002-2012) 1.4.2. Temperature Short dry and hot season is from January – February (during which occasional thunderstorms may occur). Long dry and cold season is from June – October (during which the weather is cold and occasionally night frost may occur). Temperatures indicate annual averages of 13.4ºC and minimum 7.90C-18.80C maximum. The wind is South - easterly, North easterly and Easterly during the dry, rainy and cold seasons respectively. 1.5. GROWING STOCK The forest growing stock was determined by way of forest inventory and subsequent analyses. The details are provided in the following subsections. 1.5.1 Forest inventory The forest inventory field work started in October 2012 with 64 staff from Forest Plantations, Zonal TFS Offices, Headquarter and District forest offices. Inventory methodology was designed and adopted from the first phase of the forest inventory conducted in 2007/08 with some technical modification proposed by Forest Plantation Managers in the Iringa. Workshop held in June 2012. The workshop was facilitated by the ForestCalc ® Inventory version 6 © 1998–2012 software developer Lauri Vesa from Finland. The description of this methodology is detailed in the Field Manual prepared by the Forest and Beekeeping Division (URT, 2008). 1.5.2 Inventory Results Kiwira Forest Plantation has a total standing volume of 334,792m3. About 16% of the growing stock area is under 5 years of age, 55% is between 6 and 10 years and 11% is between 11 and 15 years and 18% of the total area is between the age of 16 and 20 and. This shows that the age structure is considerably grouped towards young Age classes 6

Figure 3: Age class by area distribution (Pine species), Kiwira Forest Plantation (Nov.2012) Table 3: Standing volume by Age class Age (yrs)

Area (ha)

Volume (m3)

%Age

0-5

445.16

6-10

1531.145

148129.092

11-15

306.229

62,489.09

16-20

501

112,945

Total

2783.9

334,

100

The growing stock for Rungwe block was 183,476m3 (96.744m3/ha) and that of Livingstone was 151,316m3 (204.06m3/ha). The low growing stock per ha in Rungwe Range is due to young age of most of the stands (as mentioned earlier about 71% of the plantation is less or at 10 years of age). The density for Rungwe block is 1,438,825 (97 trees/ha) and that of Livingstone was 319,045 (204 trees/ha). The density in young stands (<5years) for Rungwe was 929.4 tree/ha and 824.4 trees/ha for Livingstone block. This means that survival for young stands was very good both at Rungwe block and Livingstone block. 1.5.1 Growth and yield 1.5.1.1 Site Classes According to the past inventory data the big part of the plantation is in site class one. This means that, trees grown in this plantation have the best growth rate than those grown in other plantations with inferior site classes (see Table 3)

Table 4: Site Class Distribution for Pinus patula Site Class

Species per site class

Total Compts per Site Class

III

Less than 6 yrs stands

Source: Kiwira forest plantation, 2013 1.5.1.2 Current Annual Increment (CAI) The compartment register (Appendix IV) contains Current Annual Increments (CAI) for each compartment as extracted from the Yield Table Klitgaard and Mikkelsen (1976). The current annual increments were adjusted proportionally to stocking levels as follows: CAI = (Actual SPH/Yield Table SPH) x Yield Table CAI Compartment CAI = CAI X Compartment Area (ha) Allowable cut for the entire forest is the summation of all compartment CAIs. The current allowable cut will range from 23, which is equivalent to a total of 110,977m3 for the entire five years of the plan. This volume comprises of clearfellings and thinnings. Most of the allowable cut is from clear felling. Compartments to be thinned and clear felled in the plan period are shown in Table 5 some compartments which are due for thinning during the planning period will not be thinned due to low stocking. It has been noted that low stocking in few compartments is caused by taungya practice, illegal tree cutting and wild animals. In addition in some compartments, different age classes of trees can be observed most probably due to late beating up for several years. Under these circumstances, it makes the management of the plantation difficult because most silvicultural operations are affected.

Table 5: Compartments to be thinned and Clear felled in the plan period YEAR

Compartments for thinning

Compartments for clear felling

2013/14

R5F, R1D, R3D, R1E, L11K, R4K, R5E, R5J_1, R1A, L11I, R4H, R5D, R3A_2, R65A, R5B, R5C, R3F,L11B, L13A-C, R3H, R3B, R8K, R8K, R8J, L13A_A, L13A_B, R3C, R3A_I, L11H, L11G, L11J, L13A_D

L11D, L11E, ,13A_F and 13A_E

2014/15

R1C, R5L, R5G, R2A, R41, R2D, R2G, R51, R3E, L13A_J, L11F, L11A

R6G,R6H, R6I, R6J, R6K, L11A, L11C

2015/16

R8I, R10E, R4J, R4G, R5K, R4M, R4N, R8G, R8H, R4L, R10B, R8L, R10C, R8N, R8E, R1B, R8F, R4M, R8C_1, L13A_K

2016/17

R8D, R9D, R5J_2, L12B, R9C, R9B, R5N, R9E, R8C.2, R10A, R8A, R9A, L12A, R10D, L11C, L12C, L12E, L12D, L12F, L14B,

2017/18

R5F, R1D, R3D, R1E, L11K, R4K, R5E, R5J_1, R1A, L11I, R4H, R5D, R3A_2, R65A, R5B, R5C, R3F,L11B, L13A-C, R3H, R3B, R8K, R8K, R8J, L13A_A, L13A_B, R3C, R3A_I, R6A, R7B, R7D, R7A, R7C, R7F, R7G, R8O, R8P, R7H

L13A_A, L13A_B, L13A_D, L14C

L13A_I, L14A, L14B, L14D

L11L, L11M, L13A-C, L11J, L13A-K, L11F, L12F, L11K

1.5.1.4. Health and Vitality Generally, most of compartments have trees with good forms except some compartments whose establishment were through natural regeneration. The stand health is good 1.5.1.5. Management Units The forest plantation management is in units of different sizes, ages and species, which refer compartments. There are two ranges namely Rungwe and Livingstone. Each range is sub divided into compartments and sub-compartments. Compartments are numbered 1, 2, 3 etc. The compartments registration is by using letters followed by numbers. The letters before the compartment number indicate the range in which the compartment belongs and the letters after the compartment number indicate the sub-compartment. The whole plantation has 14 compartments out of which 10 compartments are in Rungwe range and the other four are in Livingstone range. The compartments further divided into sub-compartments (99 sub-compartments on Rungwe range and 35 sub-compartments on the Livingstone range). 1.6. UTILIZATION 1.6.1. Markets Major demand is for sawn timber, poles and fuel for local and external users. The need for timber and other wood products in various development projects have greatly increased substantially due to the socio-economic changes in industrial and rural areas as well as rapid population increase. The general developments in the region have resulted in increased demand for sawn timber and other forest products. At present Mbeya city and Tukuyu towns are supplied with timber from Sao Hill Forest plantation because a large proportion of the plantation was relatively young but currently about 18% of plantation area are due for clear felling. The transportation of sawn timber to different regions by customers within and out of the country will eventually use a good amount of the forest produce from the plantation

The plantation is potentially able to supply surrounding villages with fuel wood obtain currently from thinning. Currently nearby villages of Ngumbulu, Mwanzazi, Igoma, Isongole, Kimondo and Ndwati obtain fuel wood from the plantation. 1.6.2. Harvesting Logging operations involves harvesting activities from felling to final transportation of forest products to the mill. Logging in Kiwira Forest Plantation is currently being conducted by customers (customers own logging). The plantation staff identifies felling areas, measure and record volumes to be removed, prepare felling coupes and prepare bills. Customers are obliged to pay for felling license and settle their bills before actual harvesting. Harvesting is semi mechanized where different types of equipments are used. The logging system used by customers at Kiwira is short wood system. Skidding is done mostly manually. The plantation staff has the responsibility to ensure that harvesting is carried out properly and wasteful practices are avoided. Prices for tree products are determined in accordance with prevailing rules and /or market price. 1.6.3. Other land uses Other use of forest land is crop farming by villagers surrounding the forest and staff through taungya system. Immediately after clear felling, land is prepared by casual labourers and taungya system is being practiced one year later. This is meant to give room for newly planted trees to attain certain a stage of growth in which vanderlisation may not be easy. Main crops cultivated include; irish potatoes, beans and maize. The taungya system reduces the management cost especially on land preparation and weeding. Normally the farmers are allowed to cultivate under taungya system for a period not exceeding four years from tree planting time. However, despite of these advantages, taungya system has been identified as main cause of under stocking in many compartments of Kiwira Forest Plantation. In this system some farmers tend to uproot young seedlings and sometimes cut young trees in order to give room to agricultural crops and extend the period for cultivation. Also farmers tend to carry out early and over pruning and thus stunt tree growth and health. Another use of forest land is cutting and collection of fodder for domesticated animals. While fodder collection reduces nutrients in the forest, its effect can be tolerated as compared to allowing livestock to grazing directly in the forest. Illegal livestock grazing is however prevailing in Kiwira Forest Plantation and has been one source of conflict with the communities. 1.7 PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 1.7.1. Forest Fires Forest fire incidences have been minimal and not pronounced to cause alarm in Kiwira plantation. However, fire lines are present in all compartments with little maintenance.

1.7.2. Man and domestic Animal Illegal cutting of trees for poles, logs and firewood is a sporadic phenomenon in the forest, especially in stands bordering villages. Cutting is usually done at night, day time and weekends by neighboring villagers usually for commercial purposes though some may be for home use A range of livestock namely cattle, goats and sheep are illegally grazed in the forest by the surrounding villagers. The driving force is mainly a large number of livestock population coupled with limited land available for grazing outside the forest. Many trees especially in young stands are wounded or die as a result of being eaten by cattle and goats. Cattle tracks which traverse the forest area are common points of soil erosion. The main control measure which has occasionally been practiced is to round up livestock illegally grazed in the forest and fine the owners. However, it has practically proved difficult to enforce this regulation successfully due to resistance from the villagers. The result has been perpetual forest degradation in contradiction to sustainable forest management. Law enforcement alone is not enough to provide solution to this predicament, thus a supplementary new approach is needed. 1.7.3. Wild Animals Wild animals found around and within the forest are Colobus monkey, blue monkey, Baboons and buffalo. Blue and colobus monkeys debark the top parts of trees Pinus patula. The broken tree shoots and barks by these animals give way to fungal and other pathogen infection in additional to physical deformation of tree stems. 1.7.4. Pests and Diseases The only disease known to be affecting pine trees in Kiwira forest plantation is Pine aphid where by tree branches and stems change colour and become darkish. This is mostly serious during dry season while rain washes away pest and insect causing this. 1.8. CAPITAL INVESTMENT 1.8.1. Roads The roads network is adequate making almost all compartments accessible. However, most of the roads, especially the branch roads are not in good condition. The total road length is about 99 Km comprised of 10 km of access roads from Igoma â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Kiwira and 15 Km Kimwondo Road. Others include xxxKm of main forest roads and xxx of feeder roads. The existing road network, their categories, distances and condition are given in Table 5 below.

Table 6: List of road network in Kiwira forest Plantation

Distance (km)

Category

Description

Access roads

Kibao cha shule – Shule ya Zamani

Mchangani – Songosongo

Total

Igoma – Kiwira Head Quarter

Kiwira Headquarter – Kimondo

Kiwira Headquarter – Ngumburu

Kiwira Headquarter – kidunguni

Main forest roads

Total

1.8.2. Buildings Kiwira forest plantation has 24 buildings are all located at Kiwira head office. The office building and staff quarters are currently in good living condition and are within the plantation. The plantation has the following buildings: manager’s house, Assistant manager’s houses two units, staff houses 14 units, office building, stores building, garage building, dispensary, social welfare hall, and generator house. The plantation has renovated some of the buildings and about 80% of these houses are in good conditions. However, plantation will keep on renovating these building regularly to avoid turning them to previous condition. 1.8.3. Plants and Equipment The plantation has one Land rover (Defender), one ford tractor and trailer, one Nissan station wagon, one Isuzu truck and one champion grader and one Honda motorcycle (125cc). Other unserviceable and service demanding machinery includes; one grader Champion D4, 1 Isuzu Lorry and 1 tractor ford 6600. The plantation vehicles are for administration and field operations whereas the machineries are for production activities such as road maintenance, tree nursery work, field planting and fire fighting. The list of plants and equipments have been shown in Table 6 below

Table 7: List of Plants and Equipments Vehicle type/plants & registration

Quantity

Year of purchase

Condition

Remarks

Isuzu Lorry - STK 4220

2007

Running

Needs repair

Nissan St Wagon - STK 1837

2005

Running

L/Rover Defender STJ 7877

1994

1979

Champion grader - CW 2864

1979

Running

Need repair

Honda Motor Cycle - STJ 9186

2002

Serviceable

Need replacement

GENERATOR

1981

Unserviceable

Ford Tractor 6610 -CW 5405

serviceable Running

Need repair Need replacement

Need repair

Source: Kiwira forest plantation, 2013 1.8.4. Communication facilities. Generally Kiwira forest Plantation is easily reached through different communication facilities such as postal, telephone and internet. Currently only telephone service is not available in the most part of the forest plantation including Plantation headquarter. 1.8.5. Water Supply Water supplies are from the natural water sources, which are tapped from Kilambo stream by gravity to domestic uses through pipes. The supply is adequate for nursery use and domestic use. Many rivers and streams originate from the upper slopes of the Rungwe Mountain. Almost all rivers are permanent although with different volume levels at different times of the year. There is usually high volume during rainy season and lowest during the dry season. The main rivers passing through Kiwira Forest Plantations is one. The working water tank meets the demand but requires repair and maintenance. 1.9. ADMINISTRATION 1.9.1. Organization Kiwira Forest Plantation is one of the 15 plantations under the Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism. The forest is administered by Forest Manager who is answerable to Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of TFS. The Manager is assisted by an assistant manager followed by ranges in-charge and heads of section. Heads of section and ranges in-charge constitutes the Technical and Management Committee of the forest. Appendix 3 shows the current organization structure of the forest. 13

1.9.2 Manning level There are 13 employees of all carders working with Kiwira Forest Plantation (Table 12). This number of plantation staff is not adequate to carry out forestry activities at satisfactory level especially the technical staff. This situation has been an outcome of transfers of some staff and retirement. In order to carry out forestry activities satisfactory the plantation needs more staff (15). Currently the plantation employs casual labour to supplement permanent staff. The current plantation staff with respective duties is as shown in Table 7. Table 8: Current plantation staff No.

Designation

Number

Deficit

Duties

Principal Forest Assistant

Forest Plantation Manager

Forest Officer II

Assistant Plantation Manager

Principal Forest assistant

Range in-charge Rungwe

Forest assistants II

Store attendants

Senior Beekeeping Assistant

Forest Assistants

Clinical officer

In-charge of dispensary

Accountants

Finance

Office secretary

Store keeper

Procurement officer

Range in-charge Livingstone 7

Various field works

Source: Kiwira forest plantation, 2013 NB: Duties to staffs can change at any time due to transfers or deaths. 1.10. SOCIAL SERVICES 1.10.1. Education Workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; children attend primary education at a neighbouring village of Ngumburu situated about five kilometres from Kiwira forest station and Secondary education at Igoma town about 10Km from Kiwira station. Both Ngumburu primary school and Igoma secondary school are managed by Rungwe and Mbeya rural respectively. 1.10.2 Health There is one Government dispensary at Kiwira forest station, which provides medical services to Forest staffs and neighbouring communities. At present, Rungwe District Council provides medicines, the Tanzania Forest Service provides salaries and accommodation for the Clinical Officer and Nurse Assistant and in some occasion, TFS can also provide medicine.

1.10.3. Religion There are different religious groups including Muslims, Christians and others. Mosques and Churches are found around villages near the plantation. It is strictly forbidden to construct any religious house/ structure within Kiwira Forest Plantation. Most believers usually go to Ngumburu or Igoma town for prayers. 1.10.4. Power supply The plantation is at present not connected to the National Power Grid line. The plantation office use solar power to run computers and lighting. This solar power is not sufficient to run computers conveniently especially when the weather is cloudy. Currently plantation is obtaining power from Mini Hydro in which water turbine generates electricity. The plantation intends to increase efficiency of this Mini Hydro so that it can generates sufficient electricity for various uses to staffs houses and other office buildings 1.10.5. Social facilities and entertainment The forest plantation has a social hall, which need repair. At present, the social hall provides social services to staffs. Services provided are meetings, various celebrations that are only for domestic staffs

CHAPTER

CHAPTER TWO 2.0. DIRECTIVE 2.1. OVERALL GOAL 2.1.1 Wood production The overall goal of this management plan is to ensure sustainable supply of raw materials to forest based industries and other users. In order to achieve this goal during the planed period replanting of open areas should be done, carry out different tending operations, protect the forest against various damages, and also regulate harvesting to conform to approve felling schedules. Kiwira Forest Plantation should be managed for the following purposes:(a) To tend the existing plantations so as to maintain good stands for the productions of good quality raw materials for internal market; (b) To carry out replanting in already clear felled compartments to fulfill the protection function of the Mount Meru Forest reserve thus to maintain soil, to conserve water, improve vegetation cover and conserve biological diversity; (c)

To carry out forest protection against fire, humans, animals, insects and fungi;

(d) To utilize the wood resources as it becomes available in regulated and economic manner; (e)

To ensure sustainable supply of wood for now and the future by replanting immediately clear felled compartments; and

(f)

To provide employment particularly to local communities and create awareness on

(g) Conservation needs of forests and environment ; (h) To improve revenue collection and control. 2.1.2. Conservation In conservation, there are two main aspects namely conservation by controlling soil erosion and conservation by maintaining catchment values of the forest. Control of soil erosion is one of the objectives of the management goals by maintaining sustainable planting according to harvesting and replanting plans. Riverine forests will be left undisturbed during logging activities for about 50 m on both sides. 2.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 2.2.1. Silviculture â&#x20AC;˘ The aim of the silvicultural operations are to raise enough, improved, healthy and adequate quality stock (seedlings) to replant all clear felled areas to ensure sustainable supply of forest products and services. â&#x20AC;˘ Tending operations are carried out in order to get good quality final crop for forest-based industries and other users. 17

2.2.2. Capital investments The plantation objectives in capital investments include the following: • To maintain the existing structures (buildings) so that they are in good order. • To maintain the existing vehicles and plants so that they are in good working condition. • To purchase new vehicles and plants for smooth execution of plantation programmes • To maintain the whole length of existing forest roads to allow smooth execution of forest operations. • To establish a reliable communication facility for the plantation. 2.2.3. Human resources • To improve working environment and general livelihood of workers and their families. • To develop human resources capacities in terms of skills and knowledge. • To ensure that the plantation staff and their families are in good health. • To increase the number of staff members so as to satisfy the project requirement

2.2.4. Revenue generation The forest plantation is aiming at generating revenues from sales of forest products such as saw logs, poles, fuel wood, fines and other miscellaneous sources like licenses and permits. The forest plantation also works on maximizing revenue collections. In order to improve revenue generation, the plantation will endeavour: • To improve revenue collection process by intensifying control and accountability amongst the responsible officers. • To explore new sources for revenue generation. 2.2.5. Utilisation The objective is to ensure that raw materials are supplied sustainably to all users. The plantation management must keep on encouraging saw millers to utilize all tree parts including short wood and stumps and branches. 2.2.6. Protection and conservation • To protect both natural and plantation forests against forest fires, illegal logging and grazing, insect attack and diseases and wild life damage. • To ensure that all water sources including riverines forests, steep slopes, valleys, are well protected by avoiding any kind of disturbance such as cultivation. • To ensure that all forest plantation boundaries are protected from encroachment. • To ensure that all inter-compartment boundaries and fire lines are maintained by slashing and screefing. • To maintain biodiversity (fauna and flora) this is available in the area. • To create a harmonious environment with our neighbours for good communication and support. • Maintain and intensify checkpoints for proper control of forest produce transportation from the forest 18

2.2.7. Resources assessment • To make sure that accurate stocking, biomass, and specie-wise data are available. • To make sure that the whole plantation area is resurveyed and up-to-date maps are produced. 2.3. STRATEGIC TARGETS 2.3.1 Silviculture 2.3.1.1 Species Species selection is based on technical Order No. 1 of 2003 as indicated in Table No.1 under Highland Areas Zone. Seeds to be used in raising seedlings should be purchased from Tanzania Tree Seed Agency (TTSA). Due to delays in getting tree seeds from TTSA, sometimes the plantation collects tree seeds from plus trees in the plantation. Emerging sources of planting material such as the use of clones from TAFORI will also be considered. Also the choice of species will be governed by market demand, resistance of the species to diseases and suitability of the species to environment as well as its performance. 2.3.1.2. Planting Area To ensure sustained yield of wood products, the Forest management should ensure that all clear felled areas are planted in time. According to rainfall regime in the highland zone, the planting seasons are in November to December and April to May and beating up is done during the same periods. Stands establishment should continue to use taungya system but under close supervision of Forest staff. Allocation of taungya plots is done by management only. According to Technical Order No.1 of 2003, the spacing of 3 x 3 m. giving 1111 stems per hectare continues to be used unless directed otherwise by Tanzania Forest Service Agency (TFS). Taungya will be practiced one year after trees are planted in order to avoid vanderlization of newly planted trees and will continue until canopy closure, making it impossible for further growth of food crops – usually 3 – 4 years. Table 9: Replanting Financial year

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

Replanting (ha)

96.9

111.5

107.7

101.5

Beating Up (ha)

50,000

110,000

120,000

115,000

140,000

Seedlings

2.3.1.4. Nursery operations Seedlings should be raised in polythene tubes of size 10cm diameter and gauge 250 using soil mixture of 5 parts top forest soil, 2 mycorrhizal and 2 parts of cow manure (5:2:2). There is no official document directing the use of these sizes. However, these were adopted through experience and economic point of view. The amount of soil ingredients filled in pots provides enough nutrients to the seedling which stay in the nursery for at most six to seven months after which they are planted out. In addition NPK fertilizer is added at the ration of 28gms per tin of soil mixture. The main species to be raised will be Pinus patula, According to the plantation nursery calendar (Appendix V), seedling to be planted in November/December are raised starting from Feb/March while seedlings to be planted in March/April are raised starting from May/June. Based on the size of the polythene tube of 10cm diameter, Kiwira forest plantation can raise up to 300,000 seedlings/year depending on existing demand. While maximum capacity of our nurseries is to raise 400,000 seedlings/year. 2.3.1.5. Tending operations 2.3.1.4.1 Thinning Thinning is necessary to enhance diameter increment. The thinning schedule indicated in technical order No 1 of 2003 should continue to be applied (Table 13). The thinning are selective and priority for removals is defective and diseased trees. Thinning is done by customers after marking of the trees to be thinned by plantation staff. Table 10: Thinning schedule for P.patula, S/No

Activity

Age (yrs)

Number of Stems per hectare Before thinning

After thinning

Trees to be cut

Planting

1111

1st Thinning

1111

650

460

2nd Thinning

650

400

250

Clearfelling

400

Planting

1111

2.3.1.4.2 Pruning Pruning is necessary to improve wood quality. The pruning schedule in Technical order no 1 of 2003 (Table 14) should continue to be used. Pruning should be the obligation of the plantation management. Pruning should normally be done using pruning saws and ladders. Pruning should be done during a short dry season between January and March and during the dry period July to December.

Table 11: Pruning Schedule for P.patula P. patula Type of Pruning

Site classes I

III

Age (yrs)

1st

3.5

2nd

5.5

3rd

7.5

4th

2.4. CAPITAL INVESTMENT 2.4.1. Roads During the plan period, the plantation management intends to maintain the existing road network of about 100km within the forest plantation and maintain existing bridges and culverts. Maintenance of forest roads is done by the plantation management using funds retained at the plantation known as use Logging Miscellaneous Deposit Account (LMDA) as stipulated in the Government Notice No. 432 of December 2011 (Forest regulation 29 (1) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Schedule 14). 2.4.2. Buildings The strategy is to maintain and improve the existing Social hall, and staff quarters. However maintenance of government buildings should follow procedures provided by the Tanzania Building Agency (TBA). Consultation is made by a letter to TBA and thereafter assessment of buildings to be maintained is conducted. After the assessment, the Bill of Quantity (BQ) is prepared and presented to the plantation management. The actual implementation is done according to approved budget and priorities. 2.4.3. Communication facilities In the plan period, the aim is to install and maintain radio communication at the plantationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s head office and lookout towers. Communication within and outside the plantation is done through letters, emails, fax, telephones, meetings, verbal and office visits 2.4.4 Vehicles, plants and equipment For proper running of activities, it is planned that all vehicles, plants and equipment will be maintained. The strategy is to maintain all the existing vehicles; plants and equipment (see Table 6). Maintenance of vehicle and plants should follow Public Procurement Act No. 21 of 2004 and Regulation of 2005 section 59 (1 -5).

2.4.5. Water supply For adequate supply of water, the management intends to maintain the water supply to satisfy domestic users and tree nursery activities. 2.3.2.6. Health and Social facilities The management has improved medical facilities in the existing dispensary and intends furnish the social hall with Dish and TV set as well as indoor games. Health services are provided by our dispensary for permanent employees of the plantation by using National Health Insurance. The arrangement for temporary employees and adjacent community is to pay TZS. 2,000 as User Fee per call per person. This is according to Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Policy. Medicine are being supplied by Rungwe district council’s health Department 2.5. HUMAN RESOURCES 2.5.1. Manning level Staff members at the forest plantation are employees of Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) and their salaries are paid directly by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT). Employment arrangement is coordinated by TFS Head Office after receiving requests from plantations. The process of employment is done by President’s Office – Public Service Management. Temporary workers are employed by the plantation when required. However, these arrangements may change as to suite the act governing the establishment of government agencies. The permanent staff’s currently working in the forest plantation are as shown in section 1.9.2 above and Table 1. However, the manning level is as shown in Table 4. Table 12: Manpower situation of the project No.

DESIGNATION

Forest Plantation Manager

Assistant Forest Manager

Grader and tractor operator

Foresters

Account/Assistant

Secretary

Forest Assistants

Nurse

Watchmen

Messenger/Cleaner

Labourers

Storekeeper

Drivers

Source: Kiwira Forest Plantation, June 2013

PRESENT

REQUIRED

Employed where need arises

2.5.2. Training needs All cadres will require short and long-term courses and training within this management plan will be carried out as per the TFS training programme. The short courses are conducted according to the plantation training plan and approved budget. This includes nursery techniques, introduction to computer, and maintenance of machines, inventory, forestry management and administration. The long term courses are coordinated and financed by the TFS after receiving application from the eligible staff. 2.6. REVENUE GENERATION The forest plantation is collecting revenue from sales of forest products and services as stipulated in the Government Notice No. 432 of December 20011 (Forest regulation 29 (1) – Schedule 14). Revenue obtained from these sources is distributed into five categories namely; Royalty which is paid to TFS, VAT (18% of royalty as per Tanzania Revenue Authority regulation), CESS (5% of the royalty as per Local Government Act of 1985)) is paid to District Councils, TFF (3% of royalty and 2% of fees as per Forest Act Na. 14 of 2002 section 79 (2)) and LMDA which is charged on top of the royalty (Tsh. 11,000 per m3 for softwood and Tsh. 22,000 per m3 for hardwood). LMDA is used by the plantation for silvicultural activities, road maintenance, maintenance of vehicles and plants, forest protection and administration. Price tariff of standing volume, stacked volume of firewood, poles, withies and forest services are charged as stipulated in the Government Notice No. 433 of November 2013 (Forest regulation 29 (1) – Schedule 14). So far prices for the forest produce will be based on the change of GN that shall be made overtime to meet management cost and market prices. 2.7 PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 2.7.1 Forest fires Issues related to fire management is provided in Forest Act of 2002, Part Nine section 70 – 76 and forest regulation of 2004 part Fourteen, Section 49. These include restriction on using fire, fire extinguishing, and construction and maintenance of firebreaks. According to section 71 sub section 3 of the Forest Act, any person in the vicinity of a fire has the obligation to assist in extinguishing it. Setting fire in the forest reserve is one of the offences listed under section 26 of the Forest Act and penalties against such offences are provided in Section 84 Subsection 5 of the Forest Act. 2.7.2. Man and domestic animals Forest Act No. 14 of 2002 section 26 describes activities prohibited within the forest reserve without a license or a permit. The current illegal cutting of trees for poles, logs and firewood is unacceptable and must be prevented by enforcing Forest Act No. 14 of 2002 Section 26 and Forest Regulation of 2004 Part Two section 3-13. Culprits if apprehended should be prosecuted and their haul and products confiscated according to Sections 84, 85, 88 and 89 of the Forest Act.

Section 26 and 84 subsection 3 of the Forest Act provides conditions for grazing in the forest reserve. Due to shortage of land for grazing and large number of livestock it has proved difficult to allow grazing by license in the plantation. Therefore grazing in Kiwira Forest Plantation should continue to be illegal. 2.7.3 Wild animals Issues related to wild animals should be dealt in accordance with the Wildlife Act No. 5 of 2009 which directs the District Game Officer to handle the issues of destructive animals in the forest reserve if any. 2.7.4 Pests and Diseases Issus related to control of pests and diseases in the plantation is not provided in the forest policy, act and regulation. However, consultation is made to research institutions such as Tanzania Forest Research Institute (TAFORI) and TPRI for technical assistance. Section 63 and 64 of the Acts provide restriction of movement of timber within and outside Tanzania in order to contain and prevent the spread of any disease affecting tree, timber or other forest produce. 2.8 RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 2.8.1 Survey and mapping Section 28 and 29 of the Act provides directives related to demarcation, consolidation, revocation and variation of the forest boundaries. Boundary consolidation entails beaconing, boundary planting and maintenance. 2.8.2 Inventory Inventory data is an input to the preparation of management plan. According to section 13 subsections 6 of the Act directs the continues review of forest management plan, whereby section 13 subsections 7 sets period of after five year for full review of the management plan. Therefore, inventory must be conducted every five years to provide data for management plan preparation. 2.8.3. Survival Assessment Survival assessment of planted trees should be done after one year prior to next planting season in order to determined survival percentage as the basis to carry out beating up. However, currently there is no technical order in place for survival assessment. 2.8.4. Assessment for Harvesting Choice of compartments to be harvested should base on the following criteria; Diseased, wind thrown, damaged by biological or climatic agents, and those subjected to drought are given first priority; Stands of higher site class are also given priority as they mature early; on the same site class start with older stands; on compartment of the same age start with lower stocked stands; compartment which 24

are inaccessible should be left out of calculation; and in respect to customers need’s and preference, start with customers preference. Harvesting involves establishment of TARIFF NUMBERS for compartments due for harvesting in order to determine the value for pricing according to laid down guidelines titled “Measurement and Selling of Timber Using Tariff Table”. 2.9

RESEARCH

2.9.1 Research areas/problems for research Forest research activities are the sole responsibility of TAFORI and higher academic institutions however the plantation should liaise with them to establish Permanent Sample Plots (PSP) for monitoring of tree growth and assist in protecting their trial plots. These institutions are also encouraged to undertake research to solve emerging management problems.

CHAPTER

CHAPTER THREE 3.0. PRESCRIPTION 3.1. SILVICULTURE 3.1.1. Nursery operations Tree seedlings for replanting in clearfelled areas, beating-up and planting in extension area will be raised at a central nursery. In addition seedlings of best clones will be bought from TAFORI and be planted in an separate area. 3.1.1.1. Species selection The main species to be planted in Kiwira Forest Plantations includes Pinus patula. The choice of species is based on performance and demand. Soil ingredients The soil ingredients for the nursery are the forest soil mycorrhiza (pine litter) and boma manure as indicated below; • The soil mixtures for raising Pines is 7 parts top forest soil, • 2 parts boma manure, •

2 parts decomposed pine litter ie mycorrhiza,

• 1 part grassland soil • and 10 gm of NPK 3.1.1.3. Seedlings raising techniques. Seedlings will be raised in polythene tubes of size 10cm diameter by 15cm length. A total of 650,000 seedlings will be raised in the plan period for the plantation needs based on estimates of 1,111 stems per hectare for pines per hectare including 25% as losses and amount needed for beating up. In addition to plantation seedlings production targets, a total of 100,000 seedlings will be raised for the purpose of supplying to villagers with an average of 20,000 seedlings per annum. Seed sowing will be done in seedbed for pines. In order to fasten germination, pine seed will be soaked in cold water for 12 hours before sowing. Seeds will be evenly broadcasted, covered with thin layer of sand (twice the seed thickness) then will be pressed gently. The sowing density depends on type of seeds. However, low sowing density will be applied to avoid damping off. Seedlings for planting in November/December, will be sown in December/January. Seedlings for planting in Feb/March will be sown in July/August. Pot filling will be done by casual laborers at 1,000 pots per man-day. The soil will be stored under shade six months before filling into the polythene tubes. It will be turned once or twice during the preparation period.

3.1.1.4 Nursery tending technique 3.1.1.4.1 Watering regime Watering frequency will depend on the season of the year. During dry season, watering will be done in two times per day, early in the morning and late in the evening consecutively for 6 months. After six months, seedlings will be subjected to hardening off for three months before planting them. Reason being to encourage lateral root growth and conditioning of seedling to suit for field environment 3.1.1.4.2 Sanitary/health operations The nursery will be weeded regularly to free young seedlings from weed competition. The surroundings will be kept clean to avoid pests. The frequency will depend on the type and amount of weeds. Fungicide and insecticides application will be done in the nurseries to overcome the problem of fungi and insects. All other non-required items will be removed from the nursery, as they often tend to harbour unwanted insects and animals. The nursery will be protected against any destructive agents like wandering animals, playing children etc. the fences, hedges and gates will always be maintained. 3.1.1.4.3 Pricking out The filled pots will be watered for two days before transplanting so as to stabilize the soil. Pricking out of seedlings will be done immediately after attaining first two leave in the seedbed. Seedlings will be held by the cotyledon to avoid damage of the stems. Pricked out of seedlings will be done on polythene pots arranged in a transplant beds. 3.1.1.4.4 Root pruning Root pruning will be done using knives or sometimes by shifting pots. Pruning exercise will be done fortnightly and normally 3 months after transplanting in pots until seedlings are ready for lifting out to the field. Seedling will be subjected to hardening off by reducing the frequency of watering and increasing frequency of root pruning. I0n order to ensure success in nursery activities all nursery activities will follow nursery calendar as shown in the Appendix V. 3.1.2 Planting Land preparation will be done by taungya system whereby farmers clear their plot for the purpose of planting annual crops but at the same time the land become clear for tree planting. In some areas, land preparation will be done by our casual labourers because we believe that allowing taungya system in newly planted areas trees are easily vandalised. The activity will commence in October before short rains begin. There are two planting seasons namely, November to December and March to May. Planting will be done during the short rains (November-December) and if not completed planting will be continued during the long rains starting soon after adequate rain has fallen in March to April. Most of the planting will be done during the season when the coverage of rainfall will be high. The planting stock size will be 30 cm in height. The normal spacing for Pine in the forest plantation will 28

be 3m x 3m. Pit size will be 30 cm x 30 cm. This will be prepared shortly before planting. Planting and beating up targets for the planning period is 554.9 ha and 138 ha respectively. No extension area will be planted during the planning. A total of 112 compartments will be planted in the plan period. List of compartments and areas to be planted in the plan period is shown in Table 15.

Table 13: List of compartments and areas to be planted in the plan period S/N 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5

Financial Year 2013/14

Compt No.

Area to be planted (Ha)

L L L L

L11E L11D L13A_f L13A_E

16.9 15.8 28.1 36.1

Sub total R R R R

R6J R6K R7K R6G

96.9 11.1 17 19.2 16.2

Species to be planted PP PP PP PP

R6H

13.8

PP PP PP PP PP

L111

17.8

L Sub Total

L11C

17.4 111.5

R6C

16.2

R6D

R6E

13.3

R6F

18.4

R6G

16.2

R6H

13.8

R6I

16.8

2014/15

Block No.

2015/16

7 Sub Total 1

107.7 12.5

R3I

R4A

R6B

27 101.5

L11N

11.8

2016/17

R2C

Sub Total 1

2017/18

L13A_G

6.6

L13A_H

4.4

L13A_I

19.1

L14A

44.1

L14C

L14D

45.8

Sub Total

149.8 Grand total

554.9

Source:Kiwira Forest Plantation, 2013 During plan period, the main species that will be planted is Pinus patula. 29

3.1.3 Survival assessment for replanting and beating up All clear felled areas will be replanted within the year of completion of clear felling. Beating up precedes planting of new areas to ensure that the beaten up seedlings catch up with those planted the previous year. The survival assessment will be carried out nine months after planting. Normally beating up is done if survival is greater than 40% but less than 80%. If survival is less than 40% replanting has to be done. 3.1.4 Tending operations 3.1.4.1 Weeding Weeding in young plantations will be done through taungya system for three consecutive years. The method of weeding used in the forest plantation will be manual. For few compartments that taungya system cannot be applied, casual labourers will be used to carryout weeding. 3.1.4.2 Pruning In practice, pruning will be done during dry season to reduce the chances of fungal and insect attack through wounds. Trees will be pruned two meters in height (low pruning or brushing) for the purpose of providing access to the plantation. High pruning will be done two meters above the brushing height. Hand tools such as machetes (panga) and pruning saws will be used in both low pruning (brushing) and high pruning (quality pruning). According to Technical order No 1 of 2003, pruning will be done at the age of 4, 6 and 8 years as shown in Table 14. Table 14: Pruning schedule for Pinus patula stand Type Pruning

P. patula Site classes I

III

Age (yrs)

1st

3.5

2nd

5.5

7.5

Source: Kiwira forest plantation, October 2031113

3.1.2.4.3 Thinning According to technical order No 1 of 2003 there are two thinning regimes for stands that were established with a spacing of 3m x 3m, First thinning at 10 yrs and second at 15yrs. For stands that were established with a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m, there will be three thinning regimes, which are first at 10yrs, second at 14yrs and third at 18yrs. The methods used for thinning will be selective. Trees to be removed will be marked before harvesting. Thinning schedule for Pp is shown in Table 13 in section 2.3.1.4. Compartments to be thinned are shown in Table 21 (Section 3.10.1.2) 3.2 ROADS 3.2.1 Construction During the plan period there will be no construction of new road. 3.2.2 Maintenance Maintenance will depend on the intensity of rainfall and type of road damages. Road maintenance will be timely done before and after rainfall. The frequency of maintenance is higher in July-September and November-February. Maintenance will base on light grading, putting Murom, side drain opening, road side slashing, maintenance of bridges and culverts. The most employed method of road maintenance is manual, using simple hand tools. In the case of severe road damages, maintenance of roads will be done by machineries like Grader and Lorries. During this planning period the plantation will maintain about 99km of forest roads (Table 28). The intention is to maintain all roads to make the plantation accessible whenever possible. 3.3 BUILDINGS 3.3.1 Construction There will be no construction of buildings in Kiwira Forest Plantation during the planning period. 3.3.2 Maintenance Maintenance of the 40 buildings will be done throughout the plan period. Plantation staff will be used for effecting minor repairs. Assessment of buildings for maintenance will be done by Tanzania Building Agency (TBA) and thereafter they produce Bill of Quantities (BQ). The maintenance will follow the plantation priories. The priority of maintenance will focus on the extent of damage. Minor maintenance will be done by plantation staff

3.4.

VEHICLES, PLANTS, EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS

3.4.1. Procurement During the plan period 1 vehicle and 4 motor cycles will be procured for different plantation activities. Two motorcycles will be procured in year 2014/15 and one vehicle while two other motorcycles will be purchased in year 2015/16. The management will adhere to procurement regulations. 3.4. 2. Maintenance Maintenance schedules will be followed according to the manufacturer specifications and will depend on conditions for use such as road conditions, kilometres or machine hours covered. A total of 3 vehicles, 2 Plants and 4 motor cycles will be maintained as shown in Table 18 this include those planned to be purchased. Replacement of unserviceable tools and equipment will be done during the plan period. The Forest Manager will request replacement of 2 vehicles and motorcycle. Table 16: List vehicle and plant to be maintained during the plan period Vehicle type/plants & registration

Quantity

Year of purchase

Condition

Remarks

Isuzu Lorry - STK 4220

2007

Running

Needs repair

Nissan St Wagon - STK 1837

2005

Running

Need repair

L/Rover Defender STJ 7877

1994

serviceable

Need replacement

Ford Tractor 6610 -CW 5405

Running 1

1979

Running

Honda Motor Cycle - STJ 9186

2002

Serviceable

GENERATOR

1981

Unserviceable

Champion grader - CW 2864

Need repair Need repair Need replacement

3.4.3 Disposition Equipment, vehicles and machinery which are beyond serviceable cost will be deposited

3.5 COMMUNICATION FACILITIES During the plan period, the Forest Plantation will improve communication facilities by purchasing and installing internet services, fax, landline telephone, TV and Radio Call sets.

The target is to ensure that there is good communication within and outside the plantation. The telephone services fax and internet facility should be installed. The plan is to continue to pay internet and telephone charges so as to continue getting these services. No communication facilities available in staff houses. However, the use of mobile phones is to a greater extent facilitating the communication between staff and other plantation stakeholders for official and private purposes. 3.6 WATER SUPPLY The system to be used under the plan period will be water flows by gravity to the main tank located at high elevation at the station through pipelines, and flows to the nursery and to the staff houses. However, the water system is old and during the planning period will be rehabilitated. 3.7 SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES As pointed out earlier the social services available at the Forest Plantation including a social hall, a dispensary, nursery school, a primary school and football pitch. These will continue to be used during the plan period. Shopping facilities and worshipping will be done in the nearby villages of Ngumburu, Igoma, Ndwati etc. To improve health services of the plantation staff, First Aid Kits will be provided and maintained. Efforts will be made to provide solar energy and increase efficiency of our Mini hydro by purchasing a modern transformer in order to generate electricity which will sufficient for both office and staff houses. The plantation has also standby generator that will be maintained during the planning period. Shopping facilities are available in other institutions and neighboring villages and City of Mbeya. In order to improve MFP social services of staff and their families, the management will support primary schools that surround the plantation whenever necessary. The forest management will also encourage and support workers and their families to participate in sports and games such as football and netball. 3.8 HUMAN RESOURCES TFS will recruit new permanent term staff following recommendations from the Forest Manager. The plantation manager will strive to cover the staff deficit of 15 staff as identified in Table 11. Recruitments of temporary staff will be initiated by the Forest Manager whenever need arises. The plantation management will facilitate and ensure that every staff follows training programme as planned by MFP. In the planning period, a total of 13 staff will be trained through short courses/on job training in order to improve their working capacities. Training in introduction to computer, maintenance of machines, inventory, forestry management and administration will be given priority. The long term training programmes will be financed by the TFS. The aim is to ensure that all staff are competent in their working areas. 33

3.9

REVENUE GENERATION

3.9.1 Forecasted revenues from thinning and clear felling The forecasted revenue from thinning and clear felling during the plan period is shown in Table 18 Table 17: Forecasted revenue from thining and clearfelling Year

2013/14

Allowable cut (Standing ) mÂł Saw logs (standing) LMDA

20,887

292,418,000

2014/2015 20,241

283,374,000

2015/2016

2016/2017

2017/2018

TOTAL

18,922.39

21,815.98

31,078.84

112,945.21

264,913,460

305,423,720

435,103,760

1,581,232,940

Saw logs (standing) ROYALTY

2,328,026,668.52 430,522,844

417,207,492

390,028,302.68

449,670,979.76

640,597,050.08

TOTAL(LMDA & Royality)

722,940,844

700,581,492

654,941,762.68

755,094,699.76

1,075,700,810.08

3,909,259,608.52

Source: Kiwira Forest plantation, 2013 3.9.2 Forecasted total revenues during the planning period During the planning period the sources of revenues will be mainly from the sales of saw logs (thinnings and clearfellings), poles, withies, firewood, and road and silviculture fees. Other sources include; fines, hiring of machines, commercial business, house rent and road fees. During the plan period a total of Tsh 3,909,259,608.52/= will be collected as shown in Table 18. However, the plantation should also try to create other sources of revenues such as hiring of plants, camping sites and eco-tourism. Staff salaries should continue to be paid by the TFS. Sales of logs will be done as per TFS prevailing rules and regulation. 3.9.3 Control of Revenues The forest Manager will conduct regular training for personnel involved in revenue collection, timber grading, checkpoints, billing and timber measurement. Verification of field measurements will be done to ensure that correct measurement and records are taken. The Forest Plantation will collect government revenues by using authorized documents such as ERVs and License books. The daily collections must be promptly acknowledged through proper ERVs after banking by customers. The established gates and checkpoints will be used to monitor forest products passing through it whether they are covered by appropriate movement order/documents (transit passes, felling licences and ERVs).

3.10 UTILIZATION 3.10.1. Harvesting Plans Inventory data collected in Oct. 2012 has been used to prepare the harvesting plan. Harvesting will be done by customers under the supervision of forest staff to ensure no destruction is done and no thefts of forest produce. The total allowable cut for the whole planning period is 110,977m3 as shown in Table 21. Table 18: Summary of allowable cut for 2013/14 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2017/18 Year

Thinning Volume

Clear felling Volume

Total

2013/14

1500

20,887

22387

2014/15

2500

17,741

20241

2015/16

1850

17,072.39

18922.39

2016/17

1870

19,945.98

21815.98

2017/18

2300

28,778

31078.84

10,020

104,424.37

112,945

Total

Source: Kiwira Forest Plantation, 2013 3.10.1.1 Clear felling The compartments earmarked for clear felling during the planning period are shown in Table 20. Criteria used to select compartment for clear felling includes; age and low stocking levels. Table 19: Compartments and volumes to be clear felled during planning period Year

Compartment No

Spp

Age

Area (ha)

Vol/ha

Total vol. to be clear felled

2013/14

L11D

16.9

294.8521

4983

L11E

15.8

279.557

4417

13A_F

36.1

189.0028

6823

13A_E

28.1

165.8719

4661

Total 2014/15

96.9 R6G

11.1

256.9369

2852

R6H

198.3529

3372

R6I

19.2

R6J

6.9

73.04

438.24

R6K

16.2

248.83

4031.046

L11A

30.5

162.98

4970.89

L11C

17.4

162.13

2821.06

Total 2015/16

20887

99.17 L13A_A

30.4

18,485.24 226.2

6876.48

L13A_B

33.4

151.50

5060.11

L13A_D

29.7

188.9

5610.33

L14C

214.06

3853.08

Total

111.5

21,400

2016/17 L13A_I

19.1

231.8

4428.03

L14A

44.1

50.07

2208.09

L14B

22.9

214.8

4918.92

L14D

45.8

226.2

10359.96

Total

131.9

2017/18

L13A-C

22.6

246.06

5560.96

L11J

25.4

188.9

4798.06

L13A-K

40.3

191.04

7698.91

L11F

17.7

219.66

3887.98

L12F

22.3

254.13

5667.10

L11K

13.6

108.6

1476.96

Total G TOTAL Â

21,915

L14D

45.8

Â Sub total

141.9

29,089.97

581.37

111,777.21

226.2009

10360 23479

3.10.1.2 Thinning The thinning program during the plan period is shown in Table 21. The thinning will be selective and priority for removals is for defective and diseased trees. Trees to be thinned will be marked by plantation staff following directives given in the Technical Order No.1 of 2003. Thinning will be done by customers under supervision of plantation staff.

Table 20: Compartments and volumes to be thinned in Kiwira during the planning Operation

2013/14

1st Thinning

R5F

2003

4.5

80.44

63.23

2013/14

1 Thinning

R1D

2003

10.1

19.31

-327.52

2013/14

1st Thinning

R3D

2003

217.08

1,121.86

2013/14

Thinning

R1E

2003

13.6

107.79

347.46

2013/14

1st Thinning

L11K

2003

13.6

108.6

-2,549.11

2013/14

1st Thinning

R4K

2003

117.07

733.85

2013/14

1st Thinning

R5E

2003

72.38

-306.22

2013/14

1st Thinning

R5J1

2003

39.25

194.03

2013/14

1 Thinning

RIA

2003

108.94

330.47

2013/14

1st Thinning

L11I

2003

17.8

190.84

-6,353.26

2013/14

1 Thinning

R4H

2003

226.37

1,230.63

2013/14

1st Thinning

R5D

2003

115.58

689.3

2013/14

1st Thinning

R3A_2

2003

151.25

983.52

2013/14

1st Thinning

R5A

2003

125.62

-3,363.45

2013/14

1st Thinning

R5B

2003

2013/14

1st Thinning

R5C

2003

2013/14

1st Thinning

R3F

2003

21.1

83.13

614.66

2013/14

1 Thinning

R3G

2003

21.1

230.24

2,733.54

2013/14

1st Thinning

L11B

2003

21.4

330.61

-2,709.57

2013/14

1st Thinning

L13A_C

2003

22.6

246.06

-8,268.54

2013/14

1st Thinning

R3H

2003

23.1

157.19

1,146.63

2013/14

1st Thinning

R3B

2003

164.2

1,213.90

2013/14

1st Thinning

R8K

2003

25.9

133.63

1,598.22

2013/14

1st Thinning

R8J

2003

30.4

103.32

1,267.93

2013/14

1 Thinning

L13A_A

2003

30.4

226.22

-3,168.06

2013/14

1st Thinning

2003

33.4

37.54

-4,632.34

2013/14

1st Thinning

R3C

2003

130.54

-929.15

2013/14

1st Thinning

R3A_1

2003

167.33

3,359.08

3,690.53

########

Compt

L13A_B

P.year

Sub total

Area

Spp

Total vol to remove

Financial year

615

Vol/Ha

2013/14

2nd Thinning

L11H

1998

15.4

89.68

-1,391.80

2013/14

2nd Thinning

L11G

1998

15.6

83.27

-2,870.63

2013/14

2nd Thinning

L11J

1998

25.4

188.9

-167.13

2013/14

2nd Thinning

1998

29.7

633.77

10,390.34

Sub total

L13A_D

5,960.78

2014/15

1st Thinning

R1C

2004

7.2

2014/15

1st Thinning

R5L

2004

8.5

142

412.54

2014/15

1st Thinning

R5G

2004

158.56

483.73

2014/15

1st Thinning

R2A

2004

11.1

64.95

-279.39

2014/15

1st Thinning

R4I

2004

144.93

1,075.74

2014/15

1st Thinning

R2D

2004

17.4

43.97

-619.34

2014/15

1st Thinning

R2G

2004

110.91

302.59

2014/15

1 Thinning

R5I

2004

30.5

75.51

820.87

2014/15

1st Thinning

R3E

2004

40.2

110.32

283.15

Sub total

161.9

2,479.89

2014/15

2nd Thinning

L13AJ

2000

1.4

86.43

-17.29

2014/15

2nd Thinning

L11F

2000

17.7

219.66

15.86

2014/15

2nd Thinning

L11A

2000

30.5

162.98

2,730.57

Sub total

49.6

2,729.14

2015/16

1st Thinning

R8I

2005

7.3

141.64

502.38

2015/16

1st Thinning

R10E

2005

114.42

753.96

2015/16

1st Thinning

R4J

2005

2015/16

1st Thinning

R4G

2005

15.3

94.77

612.2

2015/16

1st Thinning

R5K

2005

16.4

86.77

697.55

2015/16

1st Thinning

R5M

2005

70.68

352.79

2015/16

1st Thinning

R4N

2005

19.7

49.7

62.28

2015/16

1st Thinning

R8G

2005

22.7

111.23

1,266.89

2015/16

1st Thinning

R8H

2005

23.4

103.33

838.4

2015/16

1st Thinning

R4L

2005

24.5

66.37

111.99

2015/16

1st Thinning

R10B

2005

24.9

118.35

1,704.50

2015/16

1st Thinning

R8L

2005

25.9

102.66

2015/16

1st Thinning

R10C

2005

26.5

168.15

3,086.80

2015/16

1st Thinning

R8N

2005

27.9

67.49

258.83

2015/16

1 Thinning

R8E

2005

28.1

81.57

649.72

2015/16

1st Thinning

R1B

2005

29.3

2015/16

1st Thinning

R8F

2005

30.2

88.28

822.49

2015/16

1st Thinning

R4M

2005

50.2

76.04

231.63

Sub total

418.3

11,952.41

2015/16

2nd Thinning

R8C.1

2001

2015/16

L13A_K

2001

40.3

191.04

1,076.38

Thinning

Sub Total

286.1

1,076.38

2016/17

1st Thinning

R8D

2006

12.5

62.32

300.55

2016/17

1 Thinning

R9D

2006

13.6

81.1

524.61

2016/17

1st Thinning

R5J2

2006

172.5

708.09

2016/17

1st Thinning

L12B

2006

14.1

125.11

-631.83

2016/17

1st Thinning

R9C

2006

14.2

91.9

580.52

2016/17

1st Thinning

R9B

2006

14.6

49.45

215.62

2016/17

1st Thinning

R5N

2006

2016/17

1st Thinning

R9E

2006

18.3

98.03

1,095.51

2016/17

1 Thinning

R9F

2006

20.6

62.14

516.7

2016/17

1st Thinning

R8C.2

2006

22.7

2016/17

1st Thinning

R10A

2006

22.7

100.93

730.35

2016/17

1st Thinning

R8A

2006

24.3

81.56

537.21

2016/17

1st Thinning

R8B

2006

25.7

89.61

860.17

2016/17

1 Thinning

R9A

2006

27.9

60.04

490.61

2016/17

1st Thinning

L12A

2006

28.6

58.99

-5,623.33

2016/17

1 Thinning

R10D

2006

40.9

54.03

867.48

Sub total

332.7

1,172.25

2016/17

2nd Thinning

L11C

2002

17.4

162.13

-940.33

2016/17

2nd Thinning

L12C

2002

17.9

81.17

717.3

2016/17

2nd Thinning

L12E

2002

18.7

216.31

993.71

2016/17

2nd Thinning

L12D

2002

19.7

53.86

284.92

2016/17

2 Thinning

L12F

2002

22.3

254.13

2,216.51

2016/17

2nd Thinning

L14B

2002

22.9

214.8

-1,590.40

Sub Total

524.5

1,681.72

2017/18

1st Thinning

R6A

2007

9.1

2017/18

1st Thinning

R7B

2007

12.8

2017/18

1st Thinning

R7D

2007

2017/18

1st Thinning

R7A

2007

16.2

2017/18

1 Thinning

R7C

2007

17.4

2017/18

1st Thinning

R7F

2007

18.6

47.58

258.41

2017/18

1 Thinning

R7G

2007

18.6

2017/18

1st Thinning

R8O

2007

20.2

2017/18

1st Thinning

R8P

2007

21.4

2017/18

1st Thinning

R7H

2007

23.3

Sub total

173.6

258.41

2017/18

2 Thinning

R5F

2003

4.5

166.43

288.05

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R1D

2003

10.1

294.06

-1,927.47

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R3D

2003

230

1,061.54

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R1E

2003

13.6

295

1,543.08

2017/18

2nd Thinning

L11K

2003

13.6

209.69

-1,931.96

2017/18

2 Thinning

R4K

2003

168.25

970.67

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R5E

2003

110.72

-7,483.68

2017/18

2 Thinning

R5JI

2003

191.65

1,179.38

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R1A

2003

127.3

832.35

2017/18

2nd Thinning

L11I

2003

17.8

126.72

-2,472.04

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R4H

2003

620

4,530.77

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R5D

2003

262.5

1,918.27

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R3A_2

2003

179.3

1,379.23

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R5A

2003

145.71

-1,224.00

2017/18

2 Thinning

R5B

2003

386

3,117.69

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R5C

2003

152

1,227.69

2017/18

2 Thinning

R3F

2003

21.1

200.75

1,629.16

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R3G

2003

21.1

555

4,504.04

2017/18

2nd Thinning

L11B

2003

21.4

523

1,666.92

2017/18

2nd Thinning

L13A_C

2003

22.6

144.43

-1,731.29

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R3H

2003

23.1

217

1,927.96

2017/18

2 Thinning

R3B

2003

165

1,586.54

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R8K

2003

25.9

158.5

1,578.90

2017/18

2 Thinning

R8J

2003

30.4

425

4,969.23

2017/18

2nd Thinning

L13A_A

2003

30.4

322.5

991.42

2017/18

2nd Thinning

L13A_B

2003

33.4

169.24

5652.62

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R3C

2003

384.5

5,710.06

2017/18

2nd Thinning

R3A_I

2003

425

8,826.92

Sub Total

745.5

23,993.85

Note: Volume from 1st Thinning is considered to be uneconomical. Only volumes from 2nd Thinning will be sold.

3.10.2 Sales 3.10.2.1 Prices The prices are reviewed periodically depending on the prevailing markets. The current prices for forest produce were reviewed in year 2011 as stipulated in GN No. 432 of 9/12/2011. Trees will be sold by standing volume with exception of poles and firewood which will be sold by running meters/ pieces and stacked volume respectively. Also withies are sold in terms of loads. 3.10.2.2 Markets The market demand for forest products is currently high and the plantation is unable to meet this demand. The Forest Plantation will continue to supply raw material to the registered and approved saw millers and other customers depending on the availability. Table 24 shows the list of customers with their processing capacities. In order to increase plantation own revenue generation, 3000 m3 per year are proposed to be allocated to the plantation after purchasing a modern mobile Sawmill. In order to do this correctly, a study will be conducted on the best way of doing this. This plan is meant mainly to provide training based on improving recovery of sawn timber and a centre of excellent for other saw millers. The remaining volume will be allocated to other customers. However, there is a growing discussion on the possibility of selling the standing timber by auction as a strategy to improve transparency on allocations and increasing revenues. The final decision on the allocations of raw materials to customers and the method of selling will be made by the plantation allocation committee and TFS CEO respectively. 3.11 PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 3.11.1 Fire Prevention and Control During the plan period, the plantation will be protected from fire. Fire plan will be implemented in order to control fire occurrence. The following measures will be undertaken to prevent and control forest fire occurrences and eventually put off fires. • Cleaning fire breaks before the fire season to remove highly combustible wood and grass; • Purchasing and maintaining fire fighting equipment in a good working condition ready for use in case of fire. • Preventing the use of fire for land preparation by taungya farmers; • Keeping a roster of fire fighting crews and a standby vehicle during the fire season; and • Training plantation staff and community members from adjacent village on fire fighting techniques. In addition to the above precautionary measures, the plantation will continue to employ patrol men for patrolling the forest and reporting any fire incidences. During the planning period MFP will maintain and clear fire line of about 40km. The plantation fire plan should be implemented in order to control fire occurrence. The fire plan is attached as Appendix 4.

3.11.2 Control plan for diseases and pests There are no recorded incidences of diseases in Kiwira forest plantation. However detail study is required to establish whether there is any existence of any pest and disease hence research institution such TAFORI and TPRI are welcome to conduct such a study. TFS will be informed of any existence of pest and disease in the plantation. Damping off in the nursery will be controlled by use of management practices and when necessary fungicides and other chemicals will be used. Furthermore, in order to be safe in case of disease/pest outbreak, species diversification has been adopted by planting different species. 3.11.3 Soil and Biodiversity KFP consists of planted trees and natural vegetation which has a higher potential of biodiversity. Natural forests mostly located along the rivers and on valleys will be protected and conserved. The forests harbour many natural tree species such as. Also there is a number of animalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s species such as monkey and baboons. The soils of the plantation are deep or black and well drained but easily eroded if left bare. During this plan period emphasis will be put on areas with steep slope by planting trees in order to control soil erosion and conserve these areas. Also cultivation by taungya farmers will be prohibited in those areas. 3.11.3 Animal and Man Damage In the case of vermin such as baboons and monkeys, these currently do not have any effect in KPF. Destruction caused by manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s influence eg encroachment, illegal harvesting, uprooting young trees and animal grazing are serious problems affecting the quality of the plantation. In the plan period law enforcement and extension services will be intensified through routine patrols and special operations. Issuing of cultivation licences and fines will also be done. Again as a control measure, several patrol men should be engaged throughout the year to guard the forest against illegal tree cutting and theft of forest produce. KFP will conduct awareness meetings and seminars to villagers. Meetings with stakeholders (local and central governments at village, district and regional levels) will also be conducted to seek support on control illegal harvesting and grazing. Also the plantation will provide tree seedlings to villagers to plant in their areas. In addition the plantation will encourage the villagers to establish their own tree nurseries. This can be done for example with the support of Tanzania Forest Fund (TFF). 3.12 SITE RESTORATION Assessment of areas affected by any destructive agent will be carried out immediately after the destruction has occurred. Restoration of such areas will be done through planting, construction of check dams in case of soil erosion or insitu conservation. Such damage will also be reported to the TFSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; CEO. 42

3.13 RESOURCE ASSESSMENT Resurvey and mapping has been conducted in order to update the existing maps and forest stocking levels. During the planning period boundary consolidation and replacing missing beacons particularly in areas bordering adjacent villages will be carry out. For the determination of harvesting coupes the plantation uses tariff tables. Procedure for determining the tariff number involves laying down sample plots in the compartment. The number of the plots depends on the area of the compartment. KFP has trees within the compartment with varying ages due to late beating up, different planting period and taungya system. Therefore, during tariff number determination, there will be stratification of compartments in order to get appropriate tariff Numbers. The value of the coupe will depend on the coupe size and tariff number. The coupes are allocated to customers according to their raw material allocation. As a control measure ground scaling of sold logs will be carried out before transportation. Also firewood will be sold by stacked volume. Withies and poles will be measure and sold by loads (30withies) and running meter respectively. Transit Pass (TP) will be issued to customers.

CHAPTER

CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 ESTIMATES During the management plan period, the plantation will spend a total amount of Tshs 2,189,327,927/= For implementing planned operations as detailed in Table 6,7,8,9 10and Appendix 9 below. Table 21: Maintenance of houses and buildings and other installations Financial year

Activity to achieve target

Input required for each target Input

Unit

Quantity

2013/14

Maintenance of buildings

Material cost Labour charge

Houses Houses

Maintenance of fire lookout towers

Various

Towers Towers

Repair of social hall

Various

House

Subtotal 2014/201

Maintenance of buildings

Maintenance Labour cost

Houses Houses

2 2

Minor repair of buildings

Various

Houses

3,375,000 400,000

1,500,000 1,000,000

3,000,000 2,000,000

1,000,000

4,000,000

4,000,000 Minor repair of buildings

Various

Houses

Subtotal 2017/2018

1,125,000 133,000

5,000,000

Subtotal 2016/2017

Total cost (Tshs)

3,775,000/=

Subtotal 2015/2016

Estimated cost per unit (Tshs)

1,200,000

2,400,000

2,400,000 Minor repair of buildings

Various

Houses

Subtotal

2,000,000

4,000,000

Grand total

19,175,000

Table 22: Running, maintenance and procurement of vehicles and plants Financial year

Activity to achieve target

Input required for each activity

Unit

Quantity

Estimated cost per unit

Total cost

2013/2014

-Running and maintenance

-Isuzu Lorry -Nissan S/Wagon -L/Rover -Tractor -M/cycle -Grader

30,000km

500

15,000,000

1 1 1 1 1

30,000km 30,000km 600Mhr 30,000km 600Mhr

500 500 5000 200 10000

15,000,000 15,000,000 3,000,000 6,000,000 8,000,000

-M/cycles -Water pump

XL-125 Honda

8,000,000

24,000,000

2,500,000

Procurement

Sub total

67,500,000

2014/2015

Running and maintenance

Procurement

-Isuzu Lorry -Nissan S/Wagon -L/Rover -Tractor -M/cycle -Grader -L/Cruiser

20,000km

500

10,000,000

1 1 1 4 1 1

30,000km 30,000km 600Mhr 30,000km 600Mhr 30,000km

500 500 5000 200 10000 500

15,000,000 15,000,000 3,000,000 24,000,000 8,000,000 15,000,000

L/Cruiser

P/up

70,000,000

70,000,000 160,000,000

Sub total

2015/2016

-Running and maintenance

Procurement

-Isuzu Lorry -Nissan S/Wagon -L/Rover -Tractor -M/cycle -Grader -L/Cruiser -Generator

Generator

20,000km

500

10,000,000

1 1 1 4 1 1

30,000km600Mh 30,000km 600Mhr 30,000km 600Mhr

500 5000 200 10,000 500 4000

15,000,000 3,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 15,000,000 2,400,000

15,000,000

Sub total

72,400,000

2016/2017

-Running and maintenance

-Isuzu Lorry -Nissan S/Wagon -L/Rover -Tractor -M/cycle -Grader -L/Cruiser -Generator

20,000km

500

10,000,000

1 1 1 4 1 1 1

30,000km 30,000km 600Mhr 30,000km 600Mhr 30,000km 600mhr

500 500 5000 200 10000 500 5000

15,000,000 15,000,000 3,000,000 24,000,000 6,000,000 15,000,000 3,000,000

Sub Total

2017/2018

85,000,000

-Running and maintenance

-Isuzu Lorry -Nissan S/Wagon -L/Rover -Tractor -M/cycle -Grader -L/Cruiser -Generator

20,000km 30,000km

500 500

10,000,000 15,000,000

1 1 4 1 1 1

30,000km 600Mhr 30,000km 600Mhr 30,000km 600Mhr

500 5000 200 10000 500 4000

15,000,000 3,000,000 24,000,000 6,000,000 15,000,000 2,400,000 90,400,000

Sub Total

Grand Total

475,300,000/=

Table 23: Office administration Financial year

Activity to achieve target

Input required for each target

Estimated cost per unit

Total cost

2013/14

Office stationary

Various

2,000,000

Service office machinery

Various

800,000

Purchase mobile phones Purchase drugs

Purchase uniforms and boots

15 pairs

250,000

Traveling costs

Various

Purchase computer (laptop)

Various

1,000,000

Other charges (eg phones, postal etc)

Various

750,000

1,600,000

Sub Total 2014/2015

3,750,000

9,900,000 Office stationary

Various

2,500,000

Service office machinery

Various

2,000,000

Purchase uniforms and boots

18 pairs

300,000

5,400,000

Traveling costs

50000

3,000,000

Other charges (eg phones, postal etc)

Various

1,000,000

Purchase drugs

Sub Total 2015/2016

12,900,000 Office stationary

Various

3,000,000

Service office machinery

Various

2,500,000

Purchase uniforms and boots

18 pairs

350,000

6,300,000

Traveling costs

Various

Other charges (eg phones, postal etc)

Various

Purchase drugs

Sub Total

1,500,000 Various

2,000,000 14,300,000

2016/2017

Office stationary

Various

3,500,000

Service office machinery

Various

3,000,000

Purchase uniforms and boots

20 pairs

400,000

8,000,000

Traveling costs

100

50,000

5,000,000

Other charges (eg phones, postal etc)

Various

3,000,000

Purchase drugs

Sub Total 2017/2018

22,500,000 Office stationary

Various

3,500,000

Service office machinery

Various

3,000,000

Purchase uniforms and boots

20 pairs

400000

8,000,000

Traveling costs

100

50000

5,000,000

Other charges (eg phones, postal etc)

Various

3,000,000

Purchase drugs

Sub Total

22,500,000

Grand Total

59,600,000

Table 24: Protection plan and budget for Kiwira Forest Plantation Financial year

Activity to achieve target

Inputs

Units

Number of units

Estimated unit cost

Estimated total cost

2013/14

Slashing, Screefing and burning 66km of fire lines

Casual labour

Mandays

3000

5200/=

15,600,000/=

Diesel

Lts

600

2500/=

1,500,000/=

Extra duty

Persons

500

5000/=

2,500,000/=

To carry out patrols in 2784ha

Casual labour

Mandays

5825

5200/=

30,290,000/=

Diesel

Ltrs

2000

2500/=

3,300,000/=

Extra duty

Persons

SUBTOTAL

Boundary tree planting in 66 km

Casual labour

Awareness raising to villagers in 4 villages

Diesel Extra duty 53,070,000

Financial year

Activity to achieve target

Inputs

Units

Number of units

Estimated unit cost

Estimated total cost

2014/15

Slashing, Screefing and burning of fire lines

Casual labour

Mandays

5825

6500/=

37,862,500/=

Diesel

Ltrs

600

2500/=

1,500,000/=

Extra duty

Persons

To carry out patrols

Casual labour

Mandays

4000

6500/=

26,000,000/=

Diesel

Ltrs

2000

2500/=

5,000,000/=

Extra duty Awareness raising to villagers

Diesel Extra duty

Persons

SUBTOTAL 2015/16

46,965,500/= Slashing, Screefing and burning of fire lines

Casual labour

Mandays

3000

6500/=

19,500,000/=

Diesel

Ltrs

400

3000/=

1,200,000/=

Extra duty

Persons

To carry out patrols

Casual labour

Mandays

4000

6500/=

26,000,000/=

Diesel

Ltrs

1500

3000/=

4,500,000/=

Extra duty

Persons

Awareness raising to villagers

Diesel Extra duty

SUBTOTAL 2016/17

50,700,000/= Slashing, Screefing and burning of fire lines

Casual labour

Mandays

3000

6500/=

19,500,000/=

Diesel

Ltrs

400

3000/=

1,200,000/=

Extra duty

Persons

To carry out patrols

Casual labour

Mandays

4000

6500/=

26,000,000/=

Diesel

Ltrs

1500

3000/=

4,500,000/=

Extra duty

Persons 300

3000/=

900,000/=

Awareness raising to villagers

Diesel Extra duty

SUBTOTAL 2017/18

51,200,000 Slashing, Screefing and burning of fire lines

Casual labour

Mandays

3000

6500/=

19,500,000/=

Diesel

Ltrs

400

3000/=

1,200,000/=

Extra duty

Persons

To carry out patrols

Casual labour

Mandays

4000

6500/=

26,000,000/=

Diesel

Ltrs

1500

3000/=

4,500,000/=

Extra duty

Persons

Awareness raising to villagers

Diesel Extra duty

SUBTOTAL

51,200,000/=

GRAND TOTAL

253,135,500/=

Table 25: Roads maintenance, survey and resource assessment plan and budget Financial year

2013/14

Activity to achieve target

Input required to achieve target Input

Unit

Quantity

Road maintenance

Various

100

Survey

Various

Assessment

Various

Estimated cost per unit (Tshs)

Total cost (Tshs)

Various

30,800,000/=

Various

30,800,000

Subtotal 2014/2015

Road maintenance

Various

100

Various

40,000,000

Re - survey

Various

20,000,000

Assessment

Various

Nil 60,000,000

Subtotal 2015/2016

Road maintenance

Various

100

Various

40,000,000

Survey

Various

Nil

Assessment

Various

2690

Various

Nil 40,000,000

Subtotal 2016/2017

Road maintenance

Various

100

Various

45,000,000

Survey

Various

Nil

Assessment

Various

2690

Various

Nil 45,000,000

Subtotal 2017/2018

Road maintenance

Various

100

Various

50,000,000

Survey

Various

Nil

Assessment

Various

2690

Various

55,000,000/=

Subtotal

105,000,000/=

Grand total

280,800,000/=

Table 26: Personal emoluments Financial year

2013/14

Designation

No Present

2014/15

2015/16

Total payment

19,600,000.00

21,980.00

19,621,980.00

Forest Officer Senior Beekeeping Assistant Forest Asst.

6,300,000.00

11480.00

6,311,480.00

8,364,000.00

14,810.00

8,378,810.00

3,098,400.00

6020.00

3,104,420.00

Forest Attendants

16,896,000.00

25680.00

Nurse asst

Clinical officer

8,032,800.00 8,032,800.00

16,921,680.00

12,330.00

8,045,130,00

12,330.00

8,045,130,00

4,320,000.00

3,370.00

4,323,370.00

4,822,560.00

9,030.00

4,822,560.00

9,030.00

4,831,590.00 4,831,590.00

4 1 4

8,640,000.00 2,880,000.00 8,640,000.00

5,690.00 5,690.00 5,690.00

8,645,690.00 2,885,690.00 8,645,690.00 88,743,550/=

Prin. Forest Asst.

19,621,980.00

21980.00

19,643,960.00

Forest Officer Senior Beekeeping Asst. Forest Ass.

6,311,480.00

11,480.00

6,322,960.00

8,364,000.00

14,810.00

8,378,810.00

3,104,420.00

6020.00

3,104,420.00

Forest Attendants

16,899,210.00

25,680

Nurse asst

8,045,130.00

12,330

16,921,680.00 8,045,130,00

Clinical officer

8,045,130.00

12,330

8,045,130,00

Tractor /grader operators

4,326,740.00

6,740.00

4,323,370.00

4,831,590.00

9,030.00

Watchmen Office attendant Drivers

Accounts assistant Secretary /typist

Sub Total

Annual increment

Prin. Forest Asst.

Tractor /grader operators Accounts assistant Secretary /typist

Sub Total

Annual salary

4,831,590.00

9,030.00

4,831,590.00 4,831,590.00

Watchmen

8,662,760.00

22,760.00

8,685,520.00

Office attendant

2,885,690.00

5,690.00

2,891,380.00

Drivers

8,662,760.00

22,760.00

8,685,520.00 96,112,060.00

Prin. Forest Asst.

19,600,000.00

21,980.00

19,621,980.00

Forest Officer

6,300,000.00

11480.00

6,311,480.00

8,364,000.00

14,810.00

8,378,810.00

3,098,400.00

6020.00

3,104,420.00

Senior Beekeeping Asst. Forest Asst.

1 1

Financial year

Designation

No Present

Annual salary

Annual increment

Forest Attendants

16,896,000.00

25680.00

Nurse asst

Clinical officer

8,032,800.00 8,032,800.00

Tractor /grader operators

8,045,130,00

12,330.00

8,045,130,00

4,320,000.00

3,370.00

4,323,370.00

4,822,560.00

9,030.00

4,822,560.00

9,030.00

4,831,590.00 4,831,590.00

Watchmen

8,640,000.00

5,690.00

8,645,690.00

Office attendant

2,880,000.00

5,690.00

2,885,690.00

Drivers

8,640,000.00

5,690.00

8,645,690.00 84,415,180.00

Prin. Asst Forest Officer

19,621,980.00

21980.00

19,643,960

Forest Officer

6,311,480.00

11,480.00

6,322,960

8,364,000.00

14,810.00

8,378,810.00

3,104,420.00

6020.00

3,110,440.00

Forest Attendants

16,899,210.00

25,680

16,924,890.00

Nurse asst

8,045,130.00

12,330

8,057,460.00

Clinical officer

8,045,130.00

12,330

8,057,460.00

Tractor /grader operators

2,880,000.00

5,690.00

2,885,690.00

4,326,740.00

6,740.00

4,333,480.00

4,831,590.00

9,030.00

4,831,590.00

Watchmen

8,662,760.00

8,685,520.00

Office attendant

2,160,000.00

22,760.00 5690

Drivers

2,885,690.00

Senior Beekeeping Asst. Forest Asst.

2016/17

Accounts assistant Secretary /typist

Sub Total

2017/18

2,165,690.00 96,264,670.00

Prin. Forest

19,600,000.00

21,980.00

19,621,980.00

Forest Officer

6,300,000.00

11480.00

6,311,480.00

8,364,000.00

14,810.00

8,378,810.00

Senior Beekeeping Asst.

16,921,680.00

12,330.00

Accounts assistant Secretary /typist

Sub Total

Total payment

Financial year

Sub Total Grand Total

Designation

No Present

Annual salary

Annual increment

Total payment 3,104,420.00

Forest Asst.

3,098,400.00

6020.00

Forest Attendants

16,896,000.00

25680.00

Nurse asst

8,032,800.00

12,330.00

16,921,680.00 8,045,130,00

Clinical officer

12,330.00

8,045,130,00

Tractor /grader operators

4,822,560.00

9,030.00

4,831,590.00

Accounts assistant

4,320,000.00

9,030.00

4,323,370.00

Secretary /typist

4,822,560.00

9,030.00

Watchmen

8,640,000.00

5,690.00

4,831,590.00 8,645,690.00

Office attendant

2,880,000.00

5,690.00

2,885,690.00

Drivers Â

8,640,000.00

5,690.00

8,645,690.00 100,701,217.00

8,032,800.00

466,236,677/=

SUMMARY OF BUDGET ESTIMATES (TSHS) FOR THE ENTIRE PLANNING PERIOD 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Maintenance of buildings and other installations Running and maintenance of vehicles Office Administration Personal emoluments* Protection of plantation Road maintenance survey and resource assessment Silvicultural costs

- - - - - - -

19,175,000 475,300,000/= 59,600,000/= 466,236,677/= 253,135,500/= 280,800,000/= 635,080,750/=

Total: 2,189,327,927/= The Tanzania Forest Service will cover all costs related to personal emolument but other operations will be financed through LMDA and partly by TFS head quarters as shall be stated in our yearly APOs.

CHAPTER

CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 APPENDICES 5.1 Appendix FIRE PLAN This is an outline of the fire protection plan for the Kiwira Forest Plantation. It is a standing instruction to all staff of the Plantation area. 5.1.1 Causes of Fire (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Use of fire to prepare farm by neighbouring villagers Travellers using roads and paths that passes through the plantation. Entry of bush fires from outside the forest. Hunting (Poachers) Fishing Saw millers logging crews during their activities.

5.1.2 Fire seasons The critical fire season is from August to November. 5.1.3 Vulnerable areas The following list indicates the order of priority, which helps in determining the degree of patrol and attention: (1) Villages neighbouring the plantation (2) Areas neighbouring Mt. Livingstone natural forest to the plantation. NB: The above list does not prevent the possibility of fire occurring anywhere else within the plantation. 5.1.4 Fire protection measures (permanent measures) Fire protection measures will be of two types: Major firebreaks. These are cultivated belts planted with Irish potatoes. These firebreaks will be slashed annually in May and July before the onset of the fire season. 5.1.5 Location of fire breaks (1) All external firebreaks surrounding the plantation (2) All internal firebreak that divide compartments. These firebreaks cut across south-easterly 5.1.6 Communication 5.1.6.1 Roads Roads will provide access for fire fighting and fire baseline for counter firing.

5.1.6.2 Telephone Telephone service providers such as celtel, Vodacom and Tigo (cellular phones) cover part of the plantation area. During the plan period, radio communication including network booster shall be installed. 5.1.6.3 Equipment The following equipments are available for fire fighting. Additional equipment will be procured during the plan period. Appendix 1:Tools, Equipments and Machines Items

Quantity in stock

Required

Remarks

Land rover (Defender)

Tractor

Sim tanks

Water pumps (engines)

1 engine is out of order

Wide rakes

Chain saws

For fire fighting/fire suppression

Overall

Hoes

Pangas

Axes

Knap Sprayers

Water bottles

Boots Fire beaters

NB: The vehicle and other relevant equipment will also be available for fire fighting when need arises. 5.1.6.5 Responsibility of staff Forest staffs are immediately responsible for all fire prevention measures in the assigned ranges and they will organize and supervise fire-fighting operation. There will always be a responsible Officer on duty, a standby vehicle and driver and other staffs on duty at the plantation main office all the time during the fire season. A fire roster will be prepared and maintained during fire season. Every licensee is obliged to participate in fire fighting and this is one of the conditions to obtain license. During the period of highest fire danger there will be a permanent nucleus of fire fighting crew of eight men at the range centres. 5.1.6.7 Burning regulations Burning of sambasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; adjacent to plantation will be monitored to ensure that there is no risk to our plantation.

5.1.6.8 Training People will be trained on fire fighting techniques (on-job training). The training will emphasize:(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

The importance of preventing fires. The importance of quick and unconditional response to fire alarms. Means and methods of fire suppression. Use of fire fighting equipment and tools. Safety measures during fire fighting.

5.1.6.9 Maintenance of fire towers Fire towers will be maintained immediately during the plan. 5.1.6.10 Maintenance of fire equipment All equipment will be checked just before the onset of dry season and immediately after use. After work and on weekends vehicles will be filled up with fuel and left in good running condition. Water tanks will be filled up with water at all the time and immediately after use. Chain saws will be checked and kept in good running order. 5.1.6.11 Fire fighting Different fires require different fire fighting methods. The method of fighting will be decided by the fire boss in-charge but it can involve either or both of(i) Direct attack (ii) Indirect attack Both methods involve (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Beating up smoother Suppression by spraying with water Isolation by hoeing, ploughing or bulldozing Counter-firing, but it is unlikely that all methods will be applied at once and for the same fire.

5.1.6.12 Fire patrols These will be arranged by the Forest Assistant in charge of ranges and will cover all areas of fire danger. Forest fires outside the plantation area and in the general land surrounding the plantation will be fought and suppressed as done for fire occurring within the plantation. 5.1.6.13 Fire report When fire occurred in forest plantation or natural forest, the Forest Manager will prepare and submit a comprehensive report to the Chief Executive Officer of Tanzania Forest Service Agency. Such report shall also contain recommendations from manager particularly on how to reduce events of fire. The fire report will include: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

Forest Plantation name and date, Location of fire (indicate compartment and sub-compartment species involved and year planted). Time of the day and of the week the fire reported. Cause or the suppose causes of the fire. Weather conditions of that day (e.g. cloudy, dry and sunny, strong winds, etc.) 57

(vi) Means of reporting and when did fire crew reached scene of fire (if no exact time is known, state the approximate interval between time fire was reported and when the crew was dispatched to the fire). (vii) Interval between arrival of fire crew and extinguishing the fire. (viii) Number of people involved in the fire fighting operation. (ix) Type of equipment used during operation. (x) Damage (if any) sustained to equipment and estimated cost of repair and replacement of losses. (xi) Injuries sustained to personnel during the fire fighting operation. (xii) Acreage burnt and estimated cost of the damage. (xiii) Estimated cost of fighting the fire and if labour was paid or free.

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

Rainfall (mm)

2003

371.4

Monthly (mm)

mean

3713.8

560.5

328.4

342.8

50.7

650.9

288.0

492.7

325.4

674.4

Jan

Total (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Months → Description ↓

Year

329.2

3291.8

398.7

241.2

487.5

456.8

244.2

288.0

159.0

248.5

217.2

550.7

Feb.

449.5

4495.2

343.6

545.9

532.6

433

44.3

617.1

600.3

241.7

471.7

665

Mar.

412.4

4124.3

106.6

497.5

513.0

507.7

268.8

393.9

390.0

376.3

370.5

700

Apr.

56.1

561.2

40.2

157.3

62.1

51.6

70.8

17.2

162

May

14.3

143.2

8.6

23.4

23.6

June

4.5

44.9

8.1

19.2

July

Appendix 2: ANNUAL RAINFALL – KIWIRA FOREST PLANTATION

7.5

75.0

5.6

0.6

6.9

39.6

22.3

Aug.

34.0

340.2

82.0

35.8

62.1

11.0

34.5

90.6

24.2

Sept.

91.6

916

212.8

70..5

9.7

190.6

39.4

143.7

73.9

15.6

102.7

Oct.

319.2

3192.1

479.6

295.5

133.7

366.9

250.3

530.1

164.5

763.0

157.0

51.5

Nov.

434.0

4340.3

464.2

505.7

702.0

555.8

585.8

382.9

340.6

325.4

255.3

222.6

Dec.

2523.8

25238

3028.1

2733.3

2499.8

3511

1546.1

3030.8

2075.3

2660.3

1960.1

3254.6

Total

2523.8

302.8

273.3

249.9

351.1

154.6

303.1

207.5

266.0

196.0

325.5

Monthly Mean (mm)

Appendix 3: Kiwira Forest Plantation organization chart

Month

Transportation of Transplants to planting sites

Preparing, arranging and counting of transplants for field planting

Root pruning

Beating up in the pots

Spraying, pricking out and weeding

Watering of pots, watering and sowing of seeds

Soil mixing, soil watering And pot filling

Preparation of soil in the Forest and transportation to the nursery

Operations

July

Aug..

Sept.

Oct.

Appendix 4: Calendar for Annual Nursery Operations â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Kiwira Forest Plantation Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

March

Appendix 5: Management Plan Form 5.5.1 Form 1 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOREST PLANTATION: KIWIRA: DATE: AREA AND TREE SPECIES (full scientific name and hectares) (1) AREA WITH SATISFACTORY GROWING STOCK Softwoods: Pinus patula (2783.9 ha);

Total:

2783.9 ha.

Sawing Scheme:

2783.9 ha

Pulpwood Scheme:

0 ha

Hardwoods: (2) OPEN AREAS (AND OTHER AREAS) ONCE PLANTED BUT NOW IN NEED OF REPLANTING Ordinary clear felled areas: 0 ha. Encroached areas 0 ha Burnt areas: 0 ha Wind fallen areas: 0 ha In other ways damaged areas: 0 ha Total replanting needs: 0 ha - Softwoods: Mostly pines including Pinus patula and others No space is available for replanting. (3) TOTAL PLANTATION AREA Softwoods 2783.9 Total (Total plantation areas once planted): 2783.9 (4) EXTENSION POSSIBILITIES AND PLANS Total area available for extension on plantation: 0 ha Area planned to be planted within five years: 0 ha Species planned to be used: Softwood (Pines) Grand Total (Total planted area at the end of the plan period): 0 ha (5) ROTATION AGE (Years and MAI (m3 ob/ha/year) - Softwood: 25 years with MAI of 25 m3/ha/year - Hardwood: various rotation ages with respect to productivity and market demand.

RUNGWE

BLOCK ID

BLOCK

R8A

R5J_2

R5H

R10D

R10A

R7H

R7G

R7F

R7D

R7C

R7B

R7A

R6A

R7I

R7E

R3J

R2F

R2E

R2B

R4E

R4D

R4C

R4B

R8P

R8O

R7J

COMPT NO

24.3

40.9

22.7

23.3

18.6

17.4

12.8

16.2

9.1

238.5

12.5

15.6

12.1

21.2

21.4

20.2

14.4

AREA

AGE YRS

2006

2007

2008

2010

2011

2013

P.YEAR

Appendix 6: Compartment Register for KIWIRA

14.2

17.9

18.6

21.1

12.8

12.4

D Mean

11.76

16.72

9.16

11.58

12.05

9.99

8.2

H mean

SITE CLASS

314.5

282.3

263.7

519.9

347.3

162.9

119.4

Basal Area/ ha

891.69

919.64

1,108.33

1,070.00

954.19

918.06

784.38

SPH/HA

1111

YT SPH

81.56

172.50

71.44

54.03

100.93

47.58

32.96

VOLUME /HA

104

138

104

138

104

YT VOL/ HA

30.5

33.5

12.5

YT CAI (M3/HA/ YR)

27.29

33.94

30.43

32.75

35.21

27.68 -

8.83 -

ADJ CAI

663.11

475.14

547.68

1,339.28

799.33

514.89

142.97

TOTAL CAI

REMARKS

#####

RUNGWE

LIVINGSTONE

RUNGWE

BLOCK ID

BLOCK

R2A

R10C

R8L

R8I

R8H

R8G

R8F

R8E

R5M

R5K

R4S

R4N

R4M

R4L

R4G

R4F

R10E

R10B

L12B

L12A

R9F

R9E

R9D

R9C

R9B

R9A

R8N

R8D

R8C_2

R8B

COMPT NO

11.1

26.5

25.9

7.3

23.4

22.7

30.2

28.1

16.4

19.7

50.2

24.5

15.3

24.9

14.1

28.8

20.6

18.3

13.6

14.2

14.6

27.9

10.9

12.5

22.7

25.7

AREA

AGE YRS

2004

2005

2006

P.YEAR

12.6

12.4

15.6

15.3

15.7

15.4

14.9

13.4

19.8

16.5

18.5

15.7

14.3

15.6

19.6

28.9

28.3

22.7

12.5

12.4

13.5

13.9

11.7

15.9

12.1

13.6

D Mean

13.77

14.12

17.12

13.96

12.72

10.91

10.81

10.5

10.21

10.44

19.37

9.35

14.42

12.2

9.85

11.33

12.58

16.28

16.78

20.9

9.21

10.13

12.04

12.37

7.69

12.3

9.68

10.34

12.95

H mean

III

SITE CLASS

123.3

561.9

291.8

147.7

368.7

441.9

474.9

418.3

249.5

252.3

320.5

204.6

669.9

254.8

284.4

289.2

179

400.2

228.6

174.9

254.8

321.5

164.4

192.9

177.1

240.2

365.9

135.5

Basal Area/ ha 327.2

468.47

2,115.40

650.00

1,264.25

995.00

1,304.54

940.00

907.15

881.58

1,275.00

787.50

709.39

691.99

698.08

1,124.97

1,380.00

1,153.33

1,541.69

478.58

148.96

1,090.00

1,669.45

1,239.56

1,170.85

926.78

919.25

1,928.90

1,058.32

1,037.51

SPH/HA

1111

YT SPH

64.95

168.15

102.66

141.64

103.33

111.23

88.28

81.57

70.68

86.77

173.89

49.70

76.04

66.37

94.77

114.64

91.53

118.35

125.11

58.58

62.14

98.03

81.10

91.90

49.45

60.04

172.75

62.32

89.61

VOLUME /HA

172

220

172

105

136

105

220

105

220

136

105

136

104

220

138

104

138

104

YT VOL/ HA 104

44.25

62.75

44.25

30.5

23.5

YT CAI (M3/HA/ YR) 34

16.44

84.25

25.89

46.66

36.72

48.14

20.31

19.60

49.79

27.54

31.37

15.32

27.56

20.11

24.30

39.75

35.30

61.40

17.66

5.50

29.92

51.09

45.74

43.21

19.60

33.92

59.03

28.58

31.75 -

ADJ CAI

182.54

2,232.73

670.52

340.58

859.23

1,092.83

613.24

550.66

946.05

451.70

564.58

301.89

1,383.58

492.62

371.82

608.14

529.43

1,528.95

249.03

158.32

616.42

934.95

622.12

613.56

286.21

946.47

643.43

357.22

816.00

TOTAL CAI REMARKS

#####

BLOCK ID

BLOCK

RUNGWE

LIVINGSTONE

L11B

R8K

R8J

R5J_1

R5F

R5E

R5D

R5C

R5B

R5A

R4K

R4H

R3H

R3G

R3F

R3D

R3C

R3B

R3A_2

R3A_1

R1E

R1D

R1A

R5L

R5I

R5G

R4I

R3E

R2G

R2D

COMPT NO

21.4

25.9

30.4

4.5

23.1

21.1

13.6

10.1

8.5

30.5

40.2

17.4

AREA

AGE YRS

2003

2004

P.YEAR

31.9

16.1

15.2

12.6

16.4

16.5

18.6

17.3

18.8

18.3

20.1

19.3

18.5

19.2

20.1

21.4

20.1

19.1

19.5

12.7

13.5

15.4

15.9

15.3

16.5

17.3

18.7

20.3

17.9

D Mean

29.09

11.7

6.98

17.72

16.18

10.85

12.81

12.47

12.43

10.77

19.51

14.98

16.03

15.29

17.23

13.62

13.27

15.41

13.25

7.95

9.54

16.71

10.86

16.52

11.89

15.16

12.81

14.25

H mean

III

SITE CLASS

541.1

569.5

508.7

166.2

59.6

136

406

517

388.1

771.4

324.6

440.2

450

580

399.1

342.6

774.2

611.4

461.5

1114.9

252.9

39.2

320.6

135.8

405

165.5

358.3

577.2

404.4

Basal Area/ ha 105.4

470.00

1,207.68

1,090.00

940.63

787.56

514.06

947.37

1,225.00

917.48

1,690.00

1,116.67

910.53

950.00

1,486.35

904.98

1,141.67

569.00

922.92

963.15

1,034.61

851.91

242.57

791.18

987.53

1,010.00

983.33

1,286.67

694.33

737.48

359.20

SPH/HA

1111

YT SPH

330.61

133.63

103.32

39.25

80.44

72.38

115.58

161.33

117.62

228.81

117.07

226.37

157.19

182.84

152.51

217.08

130.54

164.20

151.25

167.33

107.79

19.31

108.94

142.00

75.51

158.56

144.93

110.32

110.91

43.97

VOLUME /HA

315

154

106

315

250

106

200

154

106

315

200

250

200

315

200

106

220

105

172

136

YT VOL/ HA 172

49.5

14.5

17.5

59.5

17.5

62.25

24.75

17.5

59.5

62.25

59.5

62.25

17.5

47.5

44.25

24.5

YT CAI (M3/HA/ YR) 39

20.94

15.76

14.23

14.82

42.18

18.97

14.92

68.64

20.44

37.65

17.59

48.76

53.23

83.28

33.40

63.97

30.47

51.71

53.97

57.97

47.73

3.82

12.46

42.22

15.45

39.17

28.37

24.37

21.24

12.61

ADJ CAI

448.13

408.23

432.47

237.06

189.80

303.53

283.53

1,441.39

429.22

790.62

263.84

926.51

1,229.59

1,757.23

704.68

767.62

1,523.65

1,292.79

1,079.32

3,130.37

649.17

38.59

211.86

358.88

471.36

352.49

425.61

979.81

488.55

219.40

TOTAL CAI REMARKS

#####

LIVINGSTONE

RUNGWE

LIVINGSTONE

RUNGWE

LIVINGSTONE

BLOCK ID

BLOCK

R2C

L14D

L14C

L14A

L13A_I

L13A_H

L13A_G

L11N

L13A_D

L11J

L11H

L11G

L13A_J

L11F

L11A

L13A_K

R8C

L14B

L12F

L12E

L12D

L12C

L11C

L13A_C

L13A_B

L13A_A

L11K

L11I

COMPT NO

12.5

45.8

44.1

19.1

4.4

6.6

11.8

86.1

29.7

25.4

15.4

15.6

17.7

30.5

40.3

22.9

22.3

18.7

19.7

17.9

17.4

1628

22.6

33.4

30.4

13.6

17.8

AREA

AGE YRS

1996

1997

1998

2000

2001

2002

2003

P.YEAR

15.6

30.2

29.2

28.3

33.3

30.3

23.2

24.5

28.1

31.4

36.4

24.4

28.4

24.4

27.1

14.6

28.2

25.8

15.8

16.8

27.8

31.2

20.5

28.1

34.5

32.5

D Mean

10.78

21,76

24.56

21.05

22.07

20.76

18.57

19.28

30.06

21.21

20.46

19.1

15.76

25.36

15.37

19.54

8.83

29.23

23.98

21.54

11.94

21.76

24.97

19.7

21.37

16.97

27.19

H mean

III

SITE CLASS

26.2

1051.9

340.5

988.1

444.1

90.6

85.9

121.4

1341.6

506.2

146.9

161.9

16.5

331.9

693.8

851.4

128.7

360.9

507

405.7

169.8

217.6

280.8

315.4

127.5

701

200.9

Basal Area/ ha 277.9

150.00

408.34

373.61

444.24

335.55

387.50

491.67

318.22

892.86

386.54

126.23

196.67

35.00

401.64

887.51

465.01

885.00

302.27

656.95

530.27

546.85

790.00

300.00

261.37

138.47

445.00

238.46

226.46

SPH/HA

400

650

1111

YT SPH

11.84

226.20

214.06

50.07

226.65

192.95

116.21

94.32

633.77

188.90

84.35

88.53

8.64

219.66

162.98

191.04

59.70

214.80

254.13

216.31

53.86

81.17

162.13

246.06

37.54

226.22

108.60

190.84

VOLUME /HA

220

519

650

405

590

425

255

142

229

417

229

336

142

315

154

315

250

YT VOL/ HA 315

46.5

36.5

25.75

18.5

25.5

56.5

25.5

44.25

36.5

49.5

51.5

49.5

YT CAI (M3/HA/ YR) 49.5

7.88

47.47

56.98

40.54

30.62

35.36

44.86

29.04

82.42

27.95

5.00

5.60

1.37

34.91

34.82

31.66

49.70

23.02

50.03

40.38

21.03

30.38

23.77

11.65

6.17

19.83

8.80

10.09

ADJ CAI

98.44

2,174.11

1,025.56

1,787.68

584.82

155.58

296.11

342.64

2,447.82

709.92

77.01

87.32

19.22

617.94

1,061.94

1,275.76

496.96

527.14

1,115.65

755.14

414.35

543.88

413.58

263.18

206.06

602.73

119.68

179.60

TOTAL CAI

148.00

REMARKS

#####

BLOCK ID

BLOCK

RUNGWE

LIVINGSTONE

L11M

L11L

L11E

L11D

L13A_F

L13A_E

R7K

R6K

R6J

R6I

R6H

R6G

R6F

R6E

R6D

R6C

R6B

R4A

R3I

COMPT NO

5072

84.4

22.9

28.8

15.8

16.9

320.8

28.1

36.1

19.2

11.1

16.8

13.8

16.2

18.4

13.4

16.2

AREA

AGE YRS

1995

1996

P.YEAR

28.6

32.1

28.8

29.3

30.8

29.1

29.2

29.5

28.5

27.5

30.4

25.7

26.8

23.2

23.4

28.4

D Mean

21.13

21.27

26.5

28.14

23.77

24.74

19.77

18.53

21.03

21.36

21.65

18.83

22.27

21.39

21.03

14.59

18.95

20.15

H mean

III

SITE CLASS

40250

371.8

627.6

359

384.4

435.3

609

375

338.14

472.3

102.8

400.8

397.3

318.5

188

288.4

290.8

304.7

Basal Area/ ha 242.1

315.90

390.38

453.35

403.14

269.64

279.17

487.53

593.15

528.10

132.68

508.83

355.87

675.00

346.15

580.86

432.70

500.00

71.00

SPH/HA

400

YT SPH

156.90

206.39

279.56

294.85

165.87

189.00

198.35

256.94

269.94

73.04

248.83

182.50

255.15

144.62

181.67

74.11

219.83

43.10

VOLUME /HA

615

775

519

307

405

307

450

220

307

YT VOL/ HA 307

47.25

35.5

YT CAI (M3/HA/ YR) 27

37.32

46.11

62.34

55.43

32.36

33.50

32.91 -

40.04

47.53

11.94

45.79

24.02

59.91

30.72

51.55

22.72

33.75

4.79

ADJ CAI

77,351.47

854.52

1,328.08

984.91

936.79

909.24

1,209.36

559.44

444.42

798.48

164.79

741.87

441.99

802.74

399.38

835.14

613.36

405.00

239.63

TOTAL CAI

18,937.00

3,593.00

5,944.00

4,417.00

4,983.00

4,661.00

6,823.00

3,372.00

2,852.00

4,535.00

1,008.00

4,031.00

3,358.00

3,419.00

1,880.00

2,943.00

2,001.00

2,638.00

2,155.00

REMARKS

Appendix 7: Allowable Cut Age

Year

Operation

Area (ha) Pine

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

Mixed

Volume (“000”m³ ob) Total

Standing (m³)

Chip logs

Total

1st Thinning

602.8

800

2nd Thinning

1200

Clear felling

96.9

20887

TOTAL

699.7

22887

1st Thinning

15.7

403

2nd Thinning

Clear felling

99.17

99.7

18485.24

TOTAL

114.87

18,888.24

1st Thinning

96.1

2nd Thinning

50.2

1160

Clear felling

111.5

21400

TOTAL

151.2

1st Thinning

327.7

1240

2nd Thinning

116.6

840

Clear felling

131.9

21915

TOTAL

248.5

22,755

1st Thinning

172.6

306

2nd Thinning

160.6

1420

Clear felling

141.9

29,089.97

TOTAL

475.1

30,815.97

1689.37

Grand Total

22,560

117,906.21

Appendix 8: Pruning Schedule Financial year

Pruning

2013/14

1 pruning

Compt. No

P. Year

Area (Ha)

R2B

2010

2013/14

R2C

2010

2013/14

R2E

2010

12.1

2013/14

R2F

2010

12.1

47.2

Sub-total 2013/14

2 pruning

R7E

2008

15.6

2013/14

R7I

2008

12.5

2013/14

R3J

2008

2013/14

R2H

2008

83.1

Sub-total 2013/14

3rd Pruning

R8D

2006

12.5

R9D

2006

13.6

Remarks

2013/14

3rd Pruning

R5J.2

2006

R9C

2006

14.2

R9B

2006

14.6

R5H

2006

R9E

2006

18.3

R9F

2006

20.6

R8C.2

2006

22.7

R8A

2006

24.3

R10A

2006

22.7

R8B

2006

25.7

R9A

2006

27.9

R10D

2006

40.9

L12A

2006

28.6

L12B

2006

14.1 332.7

Sub-total 2014/15

1 Pruning st

R4B

2011

21.4

R4C

2011

21.2

R4D

2011

21.0

R4E

2011

R4C.1

2011

R2A.1

2011

1.0

2011

10 105.6

Sub-total 2nd Pruning 3 Pruning rd

2009

R6A

2007

9.1

R7B

2007

12.8

R7D

2007

R7A

2007

16.2

R7C

2007

17.4

R7F

2007

18.6

R7G

2007

18.6

R8O

2007

20.2

R8P

2007

21.4

R7H

2007

23.3 173.4

Sub-total 2015/16

1 Pruning st

R7J

2012

14.4

R7K

2012

19.2 33.6

Sub-total 2 Pruning nd

R2B

2010

R2C

2010

R2E

2010

12.1

R2F

2010

12.1

47.2 3rd Pruning

R7E

2008

15.6

RJI

2008

12.5

R3J

2008

21.0

R2H

2008

34.0 83.1

Sub-total 2016/17

1 pruning st

R8L

2013

25.9

R8M

2013

10.9

R8N

2013

27.9

R8O

2013

20.2 84.9

Sub-total 2nd Pruning

R4B

2011

21.4

R4C

2011

21.2

R4D

2011

21.0

R4E

2011

R4C.1

2011

R2A.1

2011

1.0

2011

10 105

Sub-total 3 Pruning

1st Pruning

2014

2 Pruning

R7J

2012

14.4

R7K

2012

19.2

2017/18

33.6

Sub-total 3 Pruning rd

Sub-total

R2B

2010

R2C

2010

R2E

2010

12.1

R2F

2010

12.1 47.2

Land preparation (ha)

Planting (ha)

Weeding (ha)

Beating up

Sanitary Slashing

1st Pruning

2nd Pruning

3rd Pruning

Marking 1st Thinn

1st Thinning

Marking 2nd Thinn

2nd Thinning

Silviculture –Total

Nursery Plants (No)

Operation

Age (yrs)

Customers

M/days/ unit

19,500

65,000

19,500

97,500

78,000

52,000

65,000

32,500

65,000

97,500

Unit cost

Appendix 9: Silvicultural needs - Kiwira

602.8

51.7

55.14

868

80,000

Quantity

2,150,720

7,500,000

Tshs

39,182,000

11,754,600

2013/14

15.7

161.9

106.7

16.88

764.6

84.4

120,000

Qty

Tshs

1,020,500

306,150

10,102,560

4,438,720

5,486,000

18,000,000

2014/15

50.2

96.1

117.4

26.9

933.4

134.5

150,000

Qty

Tshs

978,900

6,246,500

1,873,950

4,883,840

8,742,500

22,500,000

2015/2016

6,390,150

12,628,200

3,226,080

8,742,500

22,500,000

Tshs

2,273,700

116.6

327.7 21,300,500

327.7

161.9

51.7

26.9

989.2

134.5

150,000

Qty

2016/2017

Tshs

6,658,080

9,685,000

602.8 11,754,600

172.6 11,219,000

172.6 3,365,700

106.6

29.8

1089.4

149

170,000 25,500,000

Qty

2017/2018

Tshs

635,080,750/=

769.6 15,007,200/=

1214.9 78,968,500/=

1214.9 23,690,550/=

161.9 12,628,200/=

320.3 19,986,720/=

275.8 11,473,280/=

155.62 10,115,300/=

4,644.6 301,899,000/=

502.4 32,656,000/=

640,000 96,000,000/=

Qty

Total

Appendix 9: Pruning Schedule Financial year

Pruning

2013/14

1st pruning

Compt. No

P. Year

Area (Ha)

R2B

2010

R2C

2010

R2E

2010

12.1

R2F

2010

12.1 47.2

2nd pruning

R7E

2008

15.6

R7I

2008

12.5

R3J

2008

R2H

2008

34 83.1

3rd Pruning

2013/14

3rd Pruning

R8D

2006

12.5

R9D

2006

13.6

R5J.2

2006

R9C

2006

14.2

R9B

2006

14.6

R5H

2006

R9E

2006

18.3

R9F

2006

20.6

R8C.2

2006

22.7

R8A

2006

24.3

R10A

2006

22.7

R8B

2006

25.7

R9A

2006

27.9

R10D

2006

40.9

L12A

2006

28.6

L12B

2006

14.1 332.7

Sub-total 2014/15

1st Pruning

R4B

2011

21.4

R4C

2011

21.2

R4D

2011

21.0

R4E

2011

R4C.1

2011

R2A.1

2011

1.0

2011

105.6 2nd Pruning 3rd Pruning

2009

R6A

2007

9.1

R7B

2007

12.8

R7D

2007

R7A

2007

16.2

R7C

2007

17.4

R7F

2007

18.6

R7G

2007

18.6

R8O

2007

20.2

R8P

2007

21.4

R7H

2007

23.3 173.4

Sub-total 2015/16

1st Pruning

R7J

2012

14.4

R7K

2012

19.2 33.6

Sub-total 2nd Pruning

R2B

2010

R2C

2010

R2E

2010

12.1

R2F

2010

12.1 47.2

3rd Pruning

R7E

2008

15.6

RJI

2008

12.5

R3J

2008

21.0

R2H

2008

34.0 83.1

Sub-total 2016/17

1st pruning

R8L

2013

25.9

R8M

2013

10.9

R8N

2013

27.9

R8O

2013

20.2 84.9

Sub-total 2nd Pruning

R4B

2011

21.4

R4C

2011

21.2

R4D

2011

21.0

R4E

2011

R4C.1

2011

R2A.1

2011

1.0

2011

10 105

Sub-total

2017/18

3rd Pruning

1st Pruning

2014

2nd Pruning

R7J

2012

14.4

R7K

2012

19.2 33.6

Sub-total 3rd Pruning

R2B

2010

R2C

2010

R2E

2010

12.1

R2F

2010

12.1 47.2

Sub-total

Sources: Kiwira forest plantation, 2013 Appendix 10: FORM NO 8. AGE CLASS DISTRIBUTION S/N

AGE CLASS (years)

AREA (Ha)

0-5

434

6-10

1542.8

11-15

304.9

16-20

502.2

TOTAL

2783.9